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  • Python Patterns - Implementing Graphs

    ...important part of discrete mathematics. Graphs also have much practical use in computer algorithms. Obvious examples can be found in the management of networks, but examples abound in many other areas. For instance, caller-callee relationships in a computer program can be seen as a graph (where cycles indicate recursion, and unreachable nodes represent dead code). Few programming languages provide direct support for graphs as a data type, and Python is no exception. However, graphs...

  • Python 2.7.6 Release

    Python 2.7.6 Release Note: Python 2.7.6 has been superseded by Python 2.7.8. Python 2.7.6 was released on November 10, 2013. This is a 2.7 series bugfix release. Most importantly, it resolves an issue that caused the interactive prompt to crash on OS X 10.9. It also includes numerous bugfixes over 2.7.5. Download This is a production release. Please report any bugs you encounter. We currently support these formats for download: Windows x86 MSI Installer (2.7.6) (sig) Windows x86 MSI program...

  • Rebuilding the PSF - Q4 2020 Fundraiser

    ...important and the money raised will help the PSF support the tools and initiatives that Pythonistas use everyday. This years' fundraiser is focusing on education. We're excited to be able to collaborate with authors, trainers, and companies from all over the world to raise money for the PSF. In addition, it will help grow a diverse and international community of Python programmers. Goal: $60,000 Raised Days to Go ...

  • PSF Board Resolutions

    ...important@python.org/thread/YP3AGCGQIWEKUQHMCIOKXWVDNZRUIKAO/ Approved; 10-0-0, 2025-02-12 RESOLVED, that the Python Software Foundation approve the minutes at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/psf-important@python.org/thread/K6MUO4SPGZJPWUQ4RWEQKI2JOSTOIU4L/ as representing a true and accurate record of the January 8th, 2025 meeting. Approved; 8-0-2, 2025-02-12 RESOLVED, that the Python Software Foundation Grants Work Group grant $5750 USD to the PyTexas 2025 conference taking pla...

  • IDLE and tkinter with Tcl/Tk on macOS

    IDLE and tkinter with Tcl/Tk on macOS Important If you are using macOS 12 Monterey or later, you may see problems with file open and save dialogs when using IDLE or other tkinter-based applications. The most recent versions of python.org installers (for 3.10.0 and 3.9.8) have patched versions of Tk to avoid these problems. They should be fixed in an upcoming Tk 8.6.12 release. If you are using a Python from any current python.org Python installer for macOS (3.10.0+ or 3.9.0+), no further acti...

  • Python 1.6.1

    ...import pre, or the SRE engine by importing sre. SRE is faster than pre, and supports Unicode (which was the main reason to put effort in yet another new regular expression engine -- this is at least the fourth!). Other Changes Other changes that won't break code but are nice to know about: Deleting objects is now safe even for deeply nested data structures. Long/int unifications: long integers can be used in seek() calls, as slice indexes. String formatting (s % args) has a new formatting op...

  • Release – Python 3.5.0a1

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 8, 2015

    Python 3.5.0a1 Python 3.5 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.5.10, the final release of the 3.5 series, is available here. Python 3.5.0a1 was released on February 8th, 2015. Major new features of the 3.5 series, compared to 3.4 Python 3.5 is still in development, and 3.5.0a1 is the first alpha release. …

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  • Release – Python 3.8.0a2

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 25, 2019

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.8 Major new features of the 3.8 series, compared to 3.7 Python 3.8 is still in development. This release, 3.8.0a2 is the second of four planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.0a1

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 19, 2019

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Major new features of the 3.9 series, compared to 3.8 Python 3.9 is still in development. This releasee, 3.9.0a1 is the first of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of …

  • Release – Python 3.9.0a4

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 26, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0a4 is the fourth of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.0a5

    Version: None

    Released: March 23, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0a5 is the fifth of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.8rc1

    Version: None

    Released: June 17, 2020

    Note Note: The release you are looking at is a bugfix release preview for the legacy 3.7 series which has now reached end-of-life and is no longer supported. See the downloads page for currently supported versions of Python. The final source-only security fix release for 3.7 was 3.7.17. Note …

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  • Release – Python 3.11.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 8, 2021

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.11 Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10 Python 3.11 is still in development. This release, 3.11.0a3 is the third of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of …

  • Release – Python 3.11.0a6

    Version: None

    Released: March 7, 2022

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.11 Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10 Python 3.11 is still in development. This release, 3.11.0a6 is the sixth of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of …

  • Python Software Foundation: Press Release 8-Apr-2002

    ...important improvements for people who prefer to continue running Python 2.1," said Guido van Rossum, creator of Python and president of the Python Software Foundation. About Python: Python is a powerful object oriented programming language that is developed and maintained by a global community of Open Source contributors, under the oversight of the Python Software Foundation. Python's unique blend of simplicity and power excels in a wide range of business and research development ...

  • Python Software Foundation: Press Release 20-Dec-2019

    ...important work. “Ever since the start of active Python 3.0 development efforts in 2006, the announced plan was for it to eventually replace Python 2. Thanks to the combined efforts of an enormous number of contributors across the entire Python ecosystem, Python 3 is now ready for any task that might previously have been handled with Python 2. This is a milestone moment for the Python community. We are so grateful to the countless volunteers and partners that made this possible,” said Nick Cogh...

  • Glue It All Together With Python

    ...important integration role in the design of large applications with a long life expectancy. It allows a fast response to changes in user requirements that require adapting the higher-level application logic without changing the fundamental underlying components. It also allows quick adaptation of the application to changes in the underlying components. Epilogue: Python and Java Integration A new Python implementation written in 100% Pure Java, dubbed JPython, is currently ...

  • Computer Programming for Everybody

    ...important in crisis situations, when experts cannot be appealed to for help. It is also important for day-to-day activities: The number of unfilled programming jobs is currently estimated by some at 200,000 to 400,000. Research Goals The two major research goals are the development of a prototype of a new programming curriculum and matching prototype software comprising a highly user-friendly programming environment. We envision that the typical target audience will consist of high scho...

  • Release – Python 3.7.9

    Version: None

    Released: Aug. 17, 2020

    Note: The release you are looking at is Python 3.7.9, the final bugfix/security release with binary installers for the legacy 3.7 series which has now reached end-of-life and is no longer supported. See the downloads page for currently supported versions of Python. The final source-only security fix release for …

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  • Release – Python 3.11.0a7

    Version: None

    Released: April 5, 2022

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.11 Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10 Python 3.11 is still in development. This release, 3.11.0a7 is the last of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of …

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