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  • Python 3.4.3

    Python 3.4.3 Python 3.4.3 Note: Python 3.4.3 has been superseded by Python 3.4.9. Python 3.4.3 was released on February 25th, 2015. Python 3.4.3 has many bugfixes and other small improvements over 3.4.2. Major new features of the 3.4 series, compared to 3.3 Python 3.4 includes a range of improvements of the 3.x series, including hundreds of small improvements and bug fixes. Among the new major new features and changes in the 3.4 release series are PEP 428, a "pathlib" module prov...

  • Release – Python 3.14.0rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Aug. 14, 2025

    It's the final 🪄 penultimate 🪄 3.14 release candidate! Note: rc2 was originally planned for 2025-08-26, but we fixed a bug that required bumping the magic number stored in Python bytecode (.pyc) files. This means .pyc files created for rc1 cannot be used for rc2, and they'll be …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.0b2

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 28, 2018

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.7 Python 3.7 is still in development. This release, 3.7.0b2, is the second of four planned beta release previews. Among the major new features in Python 3.7 are: PEP 538, Coercing the legacy C locale to a UTF-8 based locale PEP 539 …

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  • Python Software Foundation: Minutes of Board of Directors Meeting (Mar. 12, 2002)

    Python Software Foundation: Minutes of Board of Directors Meeting (Mar. 12, 2002) The Python Software Foundation Minutes of Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors March 12th, 2002. Board meeting in session at: 18:07 GMT Present: Guido van Rossum (presiding) David Ascher Jeremy Hylton Marc-Andre Lemburg Martin von Loewis Tim Peters Thomas Wouters (minutes) No board members were absent. A quorum was present. Agenda: Meeting minutes of February 12th 2002 Progress reports: 50...

  • Release – Python 3.4.0rc3

    Version: None

    Released: March 10, 2014

    Python 3.4.0rc3 Python 3.4 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.4.10, the final release of the 3.4 series, is available here. Python 3.4.0 release candidate 3 was released on March 9th, 2014. This is a preview release of the next major release of Python, Python 3.4, and is not suitable for production …

  • Release – Python 3.4.1

    Version: None

    Released: May 19, 2014

    Python 3.4.1 Python 3.4 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.4.10, the final release of the 3.4 series, is available here. Python 3.4.1 was released on May 18th, 2014. Python 3.4.1 has over three hundred bugfixes and other improvements over 3.4.0. One notable change: the version of OpenSSL bundled with the Windows …

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  • Release – Python 3.4.2rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 22, 2014

    Python 3.4.2rc1 Python 3.4 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.4.10, the final release of the 3.4 series, is available here. Python 3.4.2rc1 was released on September 22nd, 2014. Python 3.4.2 has many bugfixes and other small improvements over 3.4.1. One new feature for Mac OS X users: the OS X installers …

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  • Release – Python 3.4.2

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 13, 2014

    Python 3.4.2 Python 3.4 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.4.10, the final release of the 3.4 series, is available here. Python 3.4.2 was released on October 8th, 2014. Python 3.4.2 has many bugfixes and other small improvements over 3.4.1. One new feature for Mac OS X users: the OS X installers …

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  • Release – Python 3.4.3

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 25, 2015

    Python 3.4 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.4.10, the final release of the 3.4 series, is available here. Python 3.4.3 was released on February 25th, 2015. Python 3.4.3 has many bugfixes and other small improvements over 3.4.2. Major new features of the 3.4 series, compared to 3.3 Python 3.4 includes a …

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  • Release – Python 3.14.0a4

    Version: None

    Released: Jan. 14, 2025

    Hello, three dot fourteen dot zero alpha four! This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14 Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13 Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a4, is the fourth of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make …

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  • Release – Python 3.5.0b2

    Version: None

    Released: June 1, 2015

    Python 3.5.0b2 Python 3.5 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.5.10, the final release of the 3.5 series, is available here. Python 3.5.0b2 was released on May 31st, 2015. Major new features of the 3.5 series, compared to 3.4 Among the new major new features and changes in the 3.5 release series …

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  • Python 3.4.0

    Python 3.4.0 Python 3.4.0 Note: Python 3.4.0 has been superseded by Python 3.4.9. Python 3.4.0 was released on March 16th, 2014. Major new features of the 3.4 series, compared to 3.3 Python 3.4 includes a range of improvements of the 3.x series, including hundreds of small improvements and bug fixes. Among the new major new features and changes in the 3.4 release series are PEP 428, a "pathlib" module providing object-oriented filesystem paths PEP 435, a standardized "enum&q...

  • Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

    Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Python Version: 2.2.3 Guido van Rossum This paper is an incomplete draft. I am soliciting feedback. If you find any problems, please write me at guido@python.org. Table of Contents Change Log Introduction Subclassing built-in types Built-in types as factory functions Introspecting instances of built-in types Static methods and class methods Properties: attributes defined by get/set methods Method resolution ord...

  • Python Patterns - An Optimization Anecdote

    Python Patterns - An Optimization Anecdote Warning This page stays here for historical reasons and it may contain outdated or incorrect information. The other day, a friend asked me a seemingly simple question: what's the best way to convert a list of integers into a string, presuming that the integers are ASCII values. For instance, the list [97, 98, 99] should be converted to the string 'abc'. Let's assume we want to write a function to do this. The first version I came ...

  • Known bugs in Python 2.2.1

    Known bugs in Python 2.2.1 <h2>Known bugs in Python 2.2.1</h2> <p>This page now exists only to clarify incompatibilities between Python version 2.2[.x] and versions before 2.2. <h3>Incompatibilities between Python 2.1[.x] and Python 2.2[.x]</h3> <p>The following visible differences between Python 2.2 and previous versions are intentional. <ul> <p><li>Not everything is listed here; for the full list see the <a href="http://cvs.source...

  • Incompatibilities between Python 2.1[.x] and 2.2[.x]

    Incompatibilities between Python 2.1[.x] and 2.2[.x] <h3>Incompatibilities between Python 2.1[.x] and Python 2.2[.x]</h3> <p>The following visible differences between Python 2.2 and previous versions are intentional. <ul> <p><li>Not listed here are various deprecated modules and features that may issue warnings: the warnings shouldn't affect the correct execution of your program, and they can be disabled with a command line option or programmatically; see th...

  • Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

    Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Python Version: 2.2.1 (For a newer version of this tutorial, see Python 2.2.3) Guido van Rossum This paper is an incomplete draft. I am soliciting feedback. If you find any problems, please write me at guido@python.org. Table of Contents Change Log Introduction Subclassing built-in types Built-in types as factory functions Introspecting instances of built-in types Static metho...

  • Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

    Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Python Version: 2.2.2 (For a newer version of this tutorial, see Python 2.2.3) Guido van Rossum This paper is an incomplete draft. I am soliciting feedback. If you find any problems, please write me at guido@python.org. Table of Contents Change Log Introduction Subclassing built-in types Built-in types as factory functions Introspecting instances of built-in types Static metho...

  • Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2

    Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Unifying types and classes in Python 2.2 Python Version: 2.2 (For a newer version of this tutorial, see Python 2.2.3) Guido van Rossum This paper is an incomplete draft. I am soliciting feedback. If you find any problems, please write me at guido@python.org. Table of Contents Introduction Subclassing built-in types Built-in types as factory functions Introspecting instances of built-in types Static methods and class met...

  • Release – Python 3.5.0a4

    Version: None

    Released: April 20, 2015

    Python 3.5.0a4 Python 3.5 has reached end-of-life. Python 3.5.10, the final release of the 3.5 series, is available here. Python 3.5.0a4 was released on April 20th, 2015. Major new features of the 3.5 series, compared to 3.4 Python 3.5 is still in development, and 3.5.0a4 is the fourth and final …

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