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  • Python Success Stories

    ...lists, this caused unnecessary complexity in practice. Lua code is easy to follow for short scripts, but its syntax and minimal standard library makes it unmanageable for larger programs. In a very important project, the Finnish Civil Aviation Administration (FCAA) wanted to run their user interface layouts not just on the PowerPanel, but also in the context of a web browser. This requirement was important enough that it led to re-implementation of the PanMachine in Java, so it could be run as...

  • Proposed Improvements to Module Cleanup

    Proposed Improvements to Module Cleanup Proposed Improvements to Module Cleanup I'm experimenting with a better way of cleaning up at the end of an execution run. Without implementing true GC, I can never do it 100% right, but I can implement a predictable set of rules based on practical observation that will solve most problems that are actually observed. Here's my proposal. At the end of this message I list some potential problems with the proposal and ask for feedback. This wi...

  • Foreword for "Programming Python" (1st ed.)

    ...lists, a newsgroup, and now a book. Frankly, my only unfulfilled wish is to have my picture on the front page of the New York Times. But before I get carried away daydreaming, here are a few tidbits from Python's past. It all started with ABC, a wonderful teaching language that I had helped create in the early eighties. It was an incredibly elegant and powerful language, aimed at non-professional programmers. Despite all its elegance and power and the availability of a free impleme...

  • 2008-01-14 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2008-01-14 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors January 14, 2008 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 18:03 UTC, 14 January 2008. Stephan Deibel presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Status...

  • 2008 PSF Members' Meeting Minutes

    2008 PSF Members' Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of the 2008 Members' Meeting March 14, 2008 The Python Software Foundation (the "PSF") held its annual members' meeting on March 14, 2008 at 12:40 CDT (17:40 UTC) at the Crowne Plaza Chicago O'Hare hotel in Rosemont, Illinois, USA (PyCon 2008 Chicago). The agenda is available here. Stephan Deibel presided over the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2...

  • 2007-07-09 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2007-07-09 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors July 9, 2007 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 17:02 UTC, 9 July 2007. Stephan Deibel presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Status of Past...

  • 2008-02-11 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2008-02-11 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors February 11, 2008 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 18:00 UTC, 11 February 2008. Stephan Deibel presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Stat...

  • Release – Python 3.8.0a2

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 25, 2019

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.8 Major new features of the 3.8 series, compared to 3.7 Python 3.8 is still in development. This release, 3.8.0a2 is the second of four planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.0a1

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 19, 2019

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Major new features of the 3.9 series, compared to 3.8 Python 3.9 is still in development. This releasee, 3.9.0a1 is the first of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current …

  • Release – Python 3.9.0a4

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 26, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0a4 is the fourth of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the …

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  • Release – Python 3.10.0a2

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 3, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.10 Major new features of the 3.10 series, compared to 3.9 Python 3.10 is still in development. This releasee, 3.10.0a2 is the second of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current …

  • Release – Python 3.10.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 7, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.10 Major new features of the 3.10 series, compared to 3.9 Python 3.10 is still in development. This releasee, 3.10.0a3 is the second of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current …

  • Release – Python 3.10.0a4

    Version: None

    Released: Jan. 4, 2021

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.10 Major new features of the 3.10 series, compared to 3.9 Python 3.10 is still in development. This release, 3.10.0a4 is the fourth of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current …

  • Release – Python 3.11.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 8, 2021

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.11 Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10 Python 3.11 is still in development. This release, 3.11.0a3 is the third of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the …

  • Release – Python 3.11.0a6

    Version: None

    Released: March 7, 2022

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.11 Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10 Python 3.11 is still in development. This release, 3.11.0a6 is the sixth of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the …

  • Release – Python 3.15.0a1

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 14, 2025

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.15 Major new features of the 3.15 series, compared to 3.14 Python 3.15 is still in development. This release, 3.15.0a1 is the first of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the …

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  • Release – Python 3.15.0a2

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 19, 2025

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.15 Major new features of the 3.15 series, compared to 3.14 Python 3.15 is still in development. This release, 3.15.0a2, is the second of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the …

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  • Release – Python 3.15.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 16, 2025

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.15 Major new features of the 3.15 series, compared to 3.14 Python 3.15 is still in development. This release, 3.15.0a3, is the third of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the …

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  • Catalog Requirements

    Catalog Requirements Catalog Requirements There are a few steps needed to find and install a package: Discovery : which module does what I need? Download : where can I get a copy? Security : is this actually from the package author, and not a Trojan horse? Installation : how do I compile the package, install it, and set it up? Updating : what's the latest version of a package? do I need to get an updated version for my system? The ...

  • Bugs in Python 2.3

    Bugs in Python 2.3 IDLE now executes code in a separate process. To communicate between the main process and executing processes, IDLE opens a socket to 127.0.0.1 (the local machine). Some firewalls running on Windows machines interfere with this and can cause either silent failures or erroneous popup windows from the firewall. This problem only occurs if you run a firewall on the same machine as IDLE. IDLE fails to start on Windows if installed to a directory with a space (e.g. C:\Program...

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