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  • Foreword for "Programming Python" (2nd ed.)

    ...make up an ever-larger fraction of the -- exponentially growing -- Python user population. From a numerical perspective, it really makes more sense for the / operator to yield the same value regardless of the type of the operands: after all, that's what all other numeric operators do. But we can't simply change Python so that 1/2 yield 0.5, because (like removing the string module) it would break too much existing code. What to do? The solution, too complex to describe here in detail...

  • Python Success Stories

    Python Success Stories Introduction This is a story about how Python's elegant design can make the language useful in an unexpected way. Carmanah Technologies Inc. (http://www.carmanah.com/) was conceived in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The founder, David Green, was sailing his boat from Fiji, bound for Victoria, British Columbia. He was running low on battery power for his navigation lights, and had an insight. The eventual result of that mid-ocean idea was the world's first self-conta...

  • Computer Programming for Everybody

    ...make them more effective users of computers. For example, when something goes wrong, they will be able to make a better mental model of the likely failure, which will allow them to fix or work around the problem. They will also be able to assess better when they can make the changes themselves and when they will need the services of an expert. They will be more able to converse with experts, since they will now share more of a common language. An analogy is obtaining basic literacy in aut...

  • Python Success Stories

    ...make better computational predictions on their own, and so that the research of the computational chemists could progress at a faster rate, and make its way into the lab more quickly. Pierre Bruneau, a Principal Scientist at AstraZeneca, had worked on this problem while at Zeneca, which merged to form AstraZeneca. He developed a web-based interface called H2X, named after the allied navigation systems used during the second world war. H2X was based on an in-house molecular property calculator ca...

  • Community Survey

    Community Survey This survey has concluded. The PSF is committed to ethical principles, transparency, and accountability. One of our goals is to regularly and openly provide our community with information about our mission, activities, finances, accomplishments, and decision-making processes. We want to be open about how we can improve transparency, provide the community with opportunities to interact with us, and be responsive to raised suggestions. To help us do this, we've created a short s...

  • python.org email policy

    ...make any specific availability or delivery guarantees. This email alias should not be used for personal benefit. For example, those that use their @python.org email to solicit work for their Python consulting work violate this rule. This can be interpreted as a PSF endorsement of a private business, which we do not allow. Violations of any of the above, may result in revocation of a users @python.org address.

  • Release – Python 2.5.5

    Version: None

    Released: Jan. 31, 2010

    This is a source-only release that only includes security fixes. The last full bug-fix release of Python 2.5 was Python 2.5.4. User are encouraged to upgrade to the latest release of Python 2.7 (which is 2.7.2 …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.0b4

    Version: None

    Released: July 11, 2023

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is still in development. This release, 3.12.0b4, is the final of four beta release previews of 3.12. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their …

  • Release – Python 3.14.0a7

    Version: None

    Released: April 8, 2025

    Here comes the final alpha! This means we have just four weeks until the first beta to get those last features into 3.14 before the feature freeze on 2025-05-06! This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14 Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13 Python 3.14 …

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  • Member meeting at OSCON

    Member meeting at OSCON <p>There will be an extra PSF Member Meeting at the <a href="http://www.python.org/workshops/oscon2002"> O'Reilly Open Source Convention</A>, July 22-26 in San Diego. <p>We've reserved a room for the meeting: <br>Location: Marina II <br>Date: Wednesday, July 24 <br>Time: 8:00 - 10:00 pm <P>It is likely that only 8-10 PSF members will show up. This is not sufficient to make quoru...

  • PSF Membership Types & FAQ

    ...make the PSF an open membership organization, so that everyone who uses and supports Python can join. For those who wish to participate more, we have classes of membership that include voting rights for those who contribute time, work, and money to the foundation. What membership classes are there? There are four classes of members: Basic Members, Supporting Members, Contributing Members and Fellows. Basic Members Basic members are individuals or entities who are part of the Python language ...

  • Release – Python 3.12.6

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 6, 2024

    This is the sixth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.6 is the latest maintenance release, containing about 90 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.5. This is an expedited …

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  • Python.org Maintenance and Administration

    ...makes it through the spam filters on python.org. It's best if you attach the faulty message rather than forwarding it. virus Use this address for reporting viruses that make it through the spam filters on python.org. It's best if you attach the faulty message rather than forwarding it. IRC Occasionally volunteers will use IRC to communicate: the server used is irc.freenode.net, on the #pydotorg channel. Machines There are several machines which support the operation of python.org, all of ...

  • Recurring Giving Campaign

    ...make a one-time or recurring donation. If you’re an existing PSF Supporting Member and would like to make your support recurring, log into your account and click “Auto-Renewal”. If you’re an existing Supporting Member and would like to support the PSF beyond your $99 annual fee, use this donation page to select an additional one-time or monthly donation. If you'd like to join the PSF, click here to become a Supporting Member and optionally make a one-time donation. Donations are tax-deduct...

  • Notes

    ...make the compiler class work with Cygwin. What's New in Python 2.1 beta 1? Core language, builtins, and interpreter Following an outcry from the community about the amount of code broken by the nested scopes feature introduced in 2.1a2, we decided to make this feature optional, and to wait until Python 2.2 (or at least 6 months) to make it standard. The option can be enabled on a per-module basis by adding "from __future__ import nested_scopes" at the beginning of a module (before...

  • Diversity

    ...make it all-inclusive, we recognize that there are specific attributes that are used to discriminate against people. In alphabetical order, some of these attributes include (but are not limited to): age, culture, ethnicity, gender identity or expression, national origin, physical or mental difference, politics, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, and subculture. We welcome people regardless of the values of these or other attributes. The Python community welcomes pe...

  • Legal & Policies

    ...make software contributions. Vendor Info Accounts payable information and payment options.

  • Python Software Foundation News & Community

    ...make announcements and discuss PSF activities. You can follow us on Twitter, Mastodon, and LinkedIn. You can sign up for psf-members-announce, which is a moderated, very low traffic list used for announcements to the PSF members, primarily regarding elections. Community Learn about the PSF Community Awards and see the list of past winners. Join the conversation on Discourse Volunteer for the PSF Code of Conduct You can find the Python Community Code of Conduct here. Membership You can sign up...

  • Release – Python 2.0.1

    Version: None

    Released: June 22, 2001

    We're releasing Python 2.0.1 - the final bugfix release for Python 2.0. Why would we come with a bugfix release now (June 2001), when Python 2.0 was released in October 2000 and Python 2.1 has been released for months (April 2001)? Two very good …

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  • Release – Python 2.2.3

    Version: None

    Released: May 30, 2003

    We are pleased to announce the release of Python 2.2.3 (final), on May 30, 2003. This is a bug-fix release for Python 2.2 and supersedes the previous bugfix release, Python 2.2.2. Note: there's a security fix for SimpleXMLRPCServer.py. Download the release Windows users should download the Windows installer, …

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Python language documentation

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