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...modules conform to the ABI. To avoid users having to rewrite their type definitions, a script to convert C source code containing type definitions will be provided [3]. References [1](1, 2) "python3 module definition file": http://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/pep-0384/PC/python3.def [2]"PEP 384 branch": http://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/pep-0384/ [3]"ABI type conversion script": http://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/pep-0384/Tools/scripts/abitype.p...
...definition becomes the attribute dictionary of the class. The following operations are name binding operations. If they occur within a block, they introduce new local names in the current block unless there is also a global declaration. Function definition: def name ... Argument declaration: def f(...name...), lambda ...name... Class definition: class name ... Assignment statement: name = ... Import statement: import name, import module as name, from module import name Implicit assignment:...
...definition: >>> pos_only_arg(1) 1 >>> pos_only_arg(arg=1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: pos_only_arg() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arg' The third function kwd_only_args only allows keyword arguments as indicated by a * in the function definition: >>> kwd_only_arg(3) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: kwd_only_arg() takes 0 positiona...
...modules: At the beginning of a module, function definition, class definition, or method definition, after any comments. This is the standard for Python __doc__ attributes. Immediately following a simple assignment at the top level of a module, class definition, or __init__ method definition, after any comments. See Attribute Docstrings below. Additional string literals found immediately after the docstrings in (a) and (b) will be recognized, extracted, and concatenated. See Additional Docstr...
...modules are required for the parser, to simplify installation of a generated parser. If C modules are required, then parsers whose C modules are independent from the input language rank better than parsers which generate C code dependent on the input language. If a parser generator uses a generic C module, than this module might get included in the Python core one day, and thus be available for all generated parsers. A parser generator for Python should be easy to use...
...module "fpconst" [1], which is written in pure Python by taking advantage of the "struct" standard module to directly set or test for the bit patterns that define IEEE 754 special values. Care has been taken to generate proper results on both big-endian and little-endian machines. The current implementation is pure Python, but some efficiency could be gained by translating the core routines into C. Patch 1151323 "New fpconst module" [2] on SourceForge adds the fpconst module to the Python stan...
...definition. Just like default values, annotations are evaluated at function definition time. This creates a number of issues for the type hinting use case: forward references: when a type hint contains names that have not been defined yet, that definition needs to be expressed as a string literal; type hints are executed at module import time, which is not computationally free. Postponing the evaluation of annotations solves both problems. NOTE: PEP 649 proposes an alternative solution to th...
...module is reloaded. The entire module definition is combined in a struct PyModuleDef: struct PyModuleDef{ PyModuleDef_Base m_base; /* To be filled out by the interpreter */ Py_ssize_t m_size; /* Size of per-module data */ PyMethodDef *m_methods; inquiry m_reload; traverseproc m_traverse; inquiry m_clear; freefunc m_free; }; Creation of a module is changed to expect an optional PyModuleDef*. The module state will be null-initialized. Each module method will be passed the module o...
...definition of meth(). Also, previously, B().meth.im_class would return A; now it returns B (because it's a method bound to an instance of B). <p><li>The C API to the GC module has changed incompatibly. Extensions written to support the 2.1 version of the GC module will still compile, but the GC feature will be disabled. <p><li>The contents of gc.garbage is different; it used to contain all uncollectible cycles; now it contains only objects in uncollectible cycles with a ...
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Released: May 17, 2022
This is the thirteenth and final regular maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.13, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. According …
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...modules of the namespace, to avoid conflicts and for clarity. This PEP does not support distributing typing information as part of module-only distributions or single-file modules within namespace packages. The single-file module should be refactored into a package and indicate that the package supports typing as described above. Stub-only Packages For package maintainers wishing to ship stub files containing all of their type information, it is preferred that the *.pyi stubs are alongside the ...
...modules Third-party modules whose authors have not yet added type hints Standard library modules for which type hints have not yet been written Modules that must be compatible with Python 2 and 3 Modules that use annotations for other purposes Stub files have the same syntax as regular Python modules. There is one feature of the typing module that is different in stub files: the @overload decorator described below. The type checker should only check function signatures in stub files; It is rec...
...module or class attributes from inside any kind of flow control statement. It's currently possible to set module and class attributes with annotations inside an if or try statement, and it works as one would expect. It's untenable to support this behavior when this PEP is active. Code in module or class scope that references or modifies the local __annotations__ dict directly. Currently, when setting annotations on module or class attributes, the generated code simply creates a local __annot...
...modules, classes and functions, have a string attribute called __doc__. If the first expression inside the definition is a literal string, that string is assigned to the __doc__ attribute. The __doc__ attribute is called a documentation string, or docstring. It is often used to summarize the interface of the module, class or function. However, since there is no common format for documentation string, tools for extracting docstrings and transforming those into documentation in a standard format (...
...Modules/gc_weakref.txt Generator memory leak: http://bugs.python.org/issue17468 Allow objects to decide if they can be collected by GC: http://bugs.python.org/issue9141 Module shutdown procedure based on GC http://bugs.python.org/issue812369 Copyright This document has been placed in the public domain. Source: https://github.com/python/peps/blob/master/pep-0442.txt
...module state in these cases, use the PyType_GetModuleByDef function, and pass in the module definition. Once you have the module, call PyModule_GetState to get the state: PyObject *module = PyType_GetModuleByDef(Py_TYPE(self), &module_def); my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyModule_GetState(module); if (state === NULL) { return NULL; } PyType_GetModuleByDef works by searching the MRO (i.e. all superclasses) for the first superclass that has a corresponding module. Note In very exotic ca...
...module by site.py after usage. sys.getdefaultencoding() Returns the current <default encoding>. If not otherwise defined or set, the <default encoding> defaults to 'ascii'. This encoding is also the startup default of Python (and in effect before site.py is executed). Note that the default site.py startup module contains disabled optional code which can set the <default encoding> according to the encoding defined by the current locale. The locale module is used to extract t...