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...format(). Formatter Methods The Formatter class takes no initialization arguments: fmt = Formatter() The public API methods of class Formatter are as follows: -- format(format_string, *args, **kwargs) -- vformat(format_string, args, kwargs) 'format' is the primary API method. It takes a format template, and an arbitrary set of positional and keyword arguments. 'format' is just a wrapper that calls 'vformat'. 'vformat' is the function that does the actual work of formatting. It is exposed...
...formatting, it's tedious and prone to error if the rounding doesn't precisely match that of the format spec. Furthermore, functions that wrap formatting would find themselves having to parse format specs to extract the precision information. For example, consider how this utility for formatting one-dimensional numerical arrays would be complicated by such pre-rounding: def format_vector(v, format_spec='8.2f'): """Format a vector (any iterable) using given per-term format string.""" re...
...formatting, similar in syntax to percent-formatting on str objects (accepting a single object, a tuple or a dict). bytes.format(...) and bytearray.format(...) for a formatting similar in syntax to str.format() (accepting positional as well as keyword arguments). bytes.format_map(...) and bytearray.format_map(...) for an API similar to str.format_map(...), with the same formatting syntax and semantics as bytes.format() and bytearray.format(). Rationale In Python 2, str % args and str.format(ar...
...formats, and a facility for generic parsing. The types provided by the datetime module all have .isoformat() and .ctime() methods that return string representations of a time, and the .strftime() method can be used to construct new formats. There are a number of additional commonly-used formats that would be useful to have as part of the standard library; this PEP also suggests how to add them. Input Formats Useful formats to support include: ISO8601 ARPA/RFC 2822 ctime Formats commonly writ...
...format(1234, "8.1f") --> ' 1234.0' format(1234, "8,1f") --> ' 1234,0' format(1234, "8.,1f") --> ' 1.234,0' format(1234, "8 ,f") --> ' 1 234,0' format(1234, "8d") --> ' 1234' format(1234, "8,d") --> ' 1,234' format(1234, "8_d") --> ' 1_234' This proposal meets mosts needs, but it comes at the expense of taking a bit more effort to parse. Not every possible convention is covered, but at least one of the options (sp...
...format_specifiers = format_specifiers return self def __repr__(self): return (f"<{type(self).__qualname__} {repr(self._raw_template)} " f"at {id(self):#x}>") def __format__(self, format_specifier): # When formatted, render to a string, and use string formatting return format(self.render(), format_specifier) def render(self, *, render_template=''.join, render_field=format): # See definition of the...
...format specifier> } <text> ... ' The expression is then formatted using the __format__ protocol, using the format specifier as an argument. The resulting value is used when building the value of the f-string. Note that __format__() is not called directly on each value. The actual code uses the equivalent of type(value).__format__(value, format_spec), or format(value, format_spec). See the documentation of the builtin format() function for more details. Expressions cannot contain ':' or...
...format -- the original master which should open as a vector image in Adobe Fireworks PNG format (flattened) Photoshop format SVG format (generic SVG export from Inkscape) SVG format (Inkscape-specific SVG) SVG format of only "two snakes" PNG format (269 × 326) of only "two snakes" The font used in the logo is called "Flux Regular". The PSF owns a copy but we cannot distribute it, except for work on the PSF's behalf. The Python Powered Logo The official Python Po...
...format protocols [3]. This area of programming is characterized by a mixture of binary data and ASCII compatible segments of text (aka ASCII-encoded text). Bringing back a restricted %-interpolation for bytes and bytearray will aid both in writing new wire format code, and in porting Python 2 wire format code. Common use-cases include dbf and pdf file formats, email formats, and FTP and HTTP communications, among many others. Proposed semantics for bytes and bytearray formatting %-interpolat...
...format (e.g., DocBook) have not sprang up in abundance, and those that do exist are for the most part unmaintained and unused. Perl Documentation In Perl, most modules are documented in a format called POD -- Plain Old Documentation. This is an easy-to-type, very low level format which integrates well with the Perl parser. Many tools exist to turn POD documentation into other formats: info, HTML and man pages, among others. However, in Perl, the information is not available at run-time. Java...
...Format We wanted the file format to be easy to read as a diff when auditing a change to the lock file. As such, and thanks to PEP 518 and pyproject.toml, we decided to go with the TOML file format. Secure by Design Viewing the requirements file format as the closest we have to a lock file standard, there are a few issues with the file format when it comes to security. First is that the file format simply does not require you to specify the exact version of a package. This is why tools like pip...
...formatted strings" was accepted September 9th, 2015. Additional background and rationale given during its design phase is detailed below. To recap that PEP, a string prefix was introduced that marks the string as a template to be rendered. These formatted strings may contain one or more expressions built on the existing syntax of str.format(). The formatted string expands at compile-time into a conventional string format operation, with the given expressions from its text extracted and passed in...
...format specification being surprisingly complicated) The pytoml TOML parser is ~300 lines of pure Python code, so being outside the standard library didn't count heavily against it. Python literals were also discussed as a potential format, but weren't considered in the file format review (since they're not a common pre-existing file format). JSON The JSON format [7] was initially considered but quickly rejected. While great as a human-readable, string-based data exchange format, the syntax do...
...format settings for the parser (see the section "Formatting Parameters"). Readers are typically used as follows: csvreader = csv.reader(file("some.csv")) for row in csvreader: process(row) Each row returned by a reader object is a list of strings or Unicode objects. When both a dialect parameter and individual formatting parameters are passed to the constructor, first the dialect is queried for formatting parameters, then individual formatting parameters are examined. Writing CSV Files ...
...formats (ActiveState's PyPM, Enthought Canopy, etc) other open source community redistribution formats (Nix, Gentoo, Arch, *BSD, etc) It is the belief of this PEP that the entire ecosystem is best supported by keeping PyPI focused on the platform agnostic formats, where the limited amount of time by volunteers can be best used instead of spreading the available time out amongst several platforms. Further more, this PEP believes that the people best positioned to provide well integrated packages...
...format() of the various Enum types to better match their intended purpose. For example, IntEnum will have its str() change to match its format(), while a user-mixed int-enum will have its format() match its str(). In all cases, an enum's str() and format() will be the same (unless the user overrides format()). Add a global enum decorator which changes the str() and repr() (and format()) of the decorated enum to be a valid global reference: i.e. re.IGNORECASE instead of <RegexFlag.IGNORECAS...
...Formatting A tzinfo subclass supporting the PDDM, may define methods called __datetime_isoformat__ and __datetime_strftime__. The __datetime_isoformat__ method should take a datetime instance and an optional separator and produce a string representation of the given datetime instance. The __datetime_strftime__ method should take a datetime instance and a format string and produce a string representation of the given datetime instance formatted according to the given format. Parsing A tzinfo su...
...format that documentation should be made available in, and the content or subject matter that should be covered in those document. The project should also make an effort to recruit authors. Examples of options available include: Types of documents: Tutorials and HowTo Papers User Guides Reference Manuals Installation Guides Text books Books of documented examples The format options: Write in one format, and generate multiple output formats. ...
...formation arguably composed of three separate bases (12, 60, and 2), only one of which is in the "agreed" list above. But the communication of that information used two decimal digits each for the base 12 and base 60 information, and, perversely, two letters for information which could have fit in a single decimal digit. So, in general, humans communicate "normal" (non-computer) numerical information either via names (AM, PM, January, ...) or via use of decimal notation. Obviously, names are s...
...format specification is now maintained at https://packaging.python.org/specifications/binary-distribution-format/ . This may contain amendments relative to this PEP. Abstract This PEP describes a built-package format for Python called "wheel". A wheel is a ZIP-format archive with a specially formatted file name and the .whl extension. It contains a single distribution nearly as it would be installed according to PEP 376 with a particular installation scheme. Although a specialized installer ...