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...exec(fd:int) -> bool: get the close-on-exec flag of a file descriptor. Not available on all platforms. os.set_cloexec(fd:int, cloexec:bool=True): set or clear the close-on-exec flag on a file descriptor. Not available on all platforms. sys.getdefaultcloexec() -> bool: get the current default value of the cloexec parameter sys.setdefaultcloexec(cloexec: bool): set the default value of the cloexec parameter Add a new optional cloexec parameter to: asyncore.dispatcher.create_socket() io.Fil...
...exec is used in a function and the function contains a nested block with free variables, the compiler will raise a SyntaxError unless the exec explicitly specifies the local namespace for the exec. (In other words, "exec obj" would be illegal, but "exec obj in ns" would be legal.) If a name bound in a function scope is also the name of a module global name or a standard builtin name, and the function contains a nested function scope that references the name, the compiler will issue a warning. ...
...execution scope. For this purpose, the defined scopes of execution are: module scope: top-level module code, as well as any other code executed using exec() or eval() with a single namespace class scope: code in the body of a class statement, as well as any other code executed using exec() or eval() with separate local and global namespaces function scope: code in the body of a def or async def statement, or any other construct that creates an optimized code block in CPython (e.g. comprehension...
...execution within __sitecustomize__ The implementation will execute the files within __sitecustomize__ by sorting them by name when discovering each of the __sitecustomize__ directories. We discourage users to rely on the order of execution though. We considered executing them in random order, but that could result in different results depending on how the interpreter chooses to pick up those files. So even if it won't be a good practice to rely on other files being executed, we think that is bet...
...exec, execfile() or compile() applies to the code block generated, but has no further effect on the module that executes such an exec, execfile() or compile(). This can't be used to affect eval() or input(), however, because they only allow expression input, and a future_statement is not an expression. Resolved Problem: Native Interactive Shells There are two ways to get an interactive shell: By invoking Python from a command line without a script argument. By invoking Python from a command...
...exec_module(module) Loaders will have a new method, exec_module(). Its only job is to "exec" the module and consequently populate the module's namespace. It is not responsible for creating or preparing the module object, nor for any cleanup afterward. It has no return value. exec_module() will be used during both loading and reloading. exec_module() should properly handle the case where it is called more than once. For some kinds of modules this may mean raising ImportError every time after ...
...EXEC #12107: TCP listening sockets created without FD_CLOEXEC flag #16850: Add "e" mode to open(): close-and-exec (O_CLOEXEC) / O_NOINHERIT #16860: Use O_CLOEXEC in the tempfile module #16946: subprocess: _close_open_fd_range_safe() does not set close-on-exec flag on Linux < 2.6.23 if O_CLOEXEC is defined #17070: Use the new cloexec to improve security and avoid bugs #18571: Implementation of the PEP 446: non-inheritable file descriptors Copyright This document has been placed into the pub...
...execfile() calls. There is no special support for eval() or exec. In a Python with universal newline support open() the mode parameter can also be "U", meaning "open for input as a text file with universal newline interpretation". Mode "rU" is also allowed, for symmetry with "rb". Mode "U" cannot be combined with other mode flags such as "+". Any line ending in the input file will be seen as a '\n' in Python, so little other code has to change to handle universal newlines. Conversion of newline...
...Execution Phase Module execution -- that is, the implementation of ExecutionLoader.exec_module -- is governed by "execution slots". This PEP only adds one, Py_mod_exec, but others may be added in the future. The execution phase is done on the PyModuleDef associated with the module object. For objects that are not a subclass of PyModule_Type (for which PyModule_GetDef would fail), the execution phase is skipped. Execution slots may be specified multiple times, and are processed in the order they ...
...exec makes it impossible for the compiler to determine the exact set of local variables in the outer scope, which makes it impossible to determine the bindings for free variables in the inner scope. To avoid the warning about import *, change it into an import of explicitly name object, or move the import* statement to the global scope; to avoid the warning about bare exec, use exec...in... (a good idea anyway -- there's a possibility that bare exec will be deprecated in the future). Use of a g...
...execfile(), eval() and exec? What about code compiled by the codeop module? Will there be conversion tools or aids? Why is my question not answered here? Implementation Copyright Abstract The current division (/) operator has an ambiguous meaning for numerical arguments: it returns the floor of the mathematical result of division if the arguments are ints or longs, but it returns a reasonable approximation of the division result if the arguments are floats or complex. This makes expression...
...executed and those that can not. For example, this may be an execute bit in the permissions field, a verified hash of the file contents to detect potential code tampering, or file system path restrictions. These are an important security mechanism for ensuring that only code that has been approved for a given environment is executed. Most kernels offer ways to restrict or audit binaries loaded and executed by the kernel. File types owned by Python appear as regular data and these features do not...
...execute is normally the first item in the args sequence or string, but can be explicitly set by using the executable argument. On UNIX, with shell=False (default): In this case, the Popen class uses os.execvp() to execute the child program. args should normally be a sequence. A string will be treated as a sequence with the string as the only item (the program to execute). On UNIX, with shell=True: If args is a string, it specifies the command string to execute through the shell. If args is a ...
...exec rm -f {} ';' should delete all .pyc files you have, forcing new ones to be created and thus allow you test out your new bytecode properly. Code Objects The result of PyAST_Compile() is a PyCodeObject which is defined in Include/code.h . And with that you now have executable Python bytecode! The code objects (byte code) is executed in Python/ceval.c . This file will also need a new case statement for the new opcode in the big switch statement in PyEval_EvalFrameEx(). Important Files P...
...exec() with the globals parameter for example. In this case, the globals dictionary was replaced and the cache must also be invalidated. Specialized functions using guards PEP 510 proposes an API to support specialized functions with guards. It allows to implement static optimizers for Python without breaking the Python semantics. The fatoptimizer of the FAT Python project is an example of a static Python optimizer. It implements many optimizations which require guards on namespaces: Call pur...
...executed directly but fail when executed using -m showed that such imports are actually always treated as absolute imports. Because of the way direct execution works, the package containing the executed module is added to sys.path, so its sibling modules are actually imported as top level modules. This can easily lead to multiple copies of the sibling modules in the application if implicit relative imports are used in modules that may be directly executed (e.g. test modules or utility scripts). ...
...exec") except SyntaxError, what: try: message, info = what except: message, info = what, None if info: "...print source code info..." print "SyntaxError:", msg
...Execute transformed code It will be possible to execute transformed code. Raise an ImportError exception on import if the .pyc file of the current optimizer tag is missing and the code transformers required to transform the code are missing. The interesting point here is that code transformers are not needed to execute the transformed code if all required .pyc files are already available. Code transformer API A code transformer is a class with ast_transformer() and/or code_transformer() metho...
...exec - fully support Unicode, and no longer issue a SyntaxError when their input doesn't end with a newline. (New in 2.3a2.) range() - as of 2.3b1 supports long arguments with a magnitude larger than sys.maxint. E.g., range(2**100, 2**101, 2**100) is the following list: [1267650600228229401496703205376L]. dict() - two new features for dict construction: keyword arguments to the dict() constructor are now a shorthand for creating a dictionary from the key/value pairs, and dict.fromkeys(iterab...
...execfile, reduce, reload backticks and <> float args to xrange coerce and all its friends comparing by default comparison {}.has_key() file.xreadlines softspace removal for print() function removal of modules because of PEP 4/PEP 3100/PEP 3108 Other major features: with/as will be keywords a __dir__() special method to control dir() was added [1] AtheOS support stopped. warnings module implemented in C compile() takes an AST and can convert to byte code Possible features for 2.6 New f...