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...const *args, // C array of arguments Py_ssize_t nargs, // length of "args" PyObject *kwnames) // NULL, or dict of keyword arguments Once you have the defining class, call PyType_GetModuleState to get the state of its associated module. For example: static PyObject * example_method(PyObject *self, PyTypeObject *defining_class, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kwnames) { my_struct *state = (my_struct*)PyT...
...constructors that implicitly add arguments as fields. Classes can have static fields. Classes can have private fields. Classes can have getters/setters for fields (like property). Types are inferred. Example code with types: interface Drivable { start(): void; drive(distance: number): boolean; getPosition(): number; } class Car implements Drivable { private _isRunning: boolean; private _distanceFromStart: number; constructor() { this._isRunning = false; ...
...const char *where) will return 0 if there is no immediate danger of C stack overflow. It will return -1 and set an exception, if the C stack is near to overflowing. The where parameter is used in the exception message, in the same fashion as the where parameter of Py_EnterRecursiveCall(). Py_EnterRecursiveCall() Py_EnterRecursiveCall() will be modified to call Py_CheckStackDepth() before performing its current function. PyLeaveRecursiveCall() Py_LeaveRecursiveCall() will remain unchanged. ...
...const char *name) PyImport_NotifyLoadedByName("a.b.c") calls PyImport_NotifyLoadedByModule() for a, a.b and a.b.c in that particular order. The modules are retrieved from sys.modules. If a module can't be retrieved, an exception is raised otherwise the a borrowed reference to modname is returned. The hook calls always start with the prime parent module. The caller of PyImport_NotifyLoadedByName() must hold the import lock! PyObject* PyImport_RegisterPostImportHook(PyObject *callable, PyObject *m...
...constants and documenting them as constants in a checkable way. Creating a read-only attribute that may not be overridden by subclasses. (@property can make an attribute read-only but does not prevent overriding) Allowing a name to be used in situations where ordinarily a literal is expected (for example as a field name for NamedTuple, a tuple of types passed to isinstance, or an argument to a function with arguments of Literal type (PEP 586)). Specification The final decorator The typing.f...
...CONST(op) ((const PyObject*)(op)) static inline PyTypeObject* _Py_TYPE(const PyObject *ob) { return ob->ob_type; } #define Py_TYPE(ob) _Py_TYPE(_PyObject_CAST_CONST(ob)) STATUS: Completed (in Python 3.10) New functions Py_SET_TYPE(), Py_SET_REFCNT() and Py_SET_SIZE() were added to Python 3.9. In Python 3.10, Py_TYPE(), Py_REFCNT() and Py_SIZE() can no longer be used as l-value and the new setter functions must be used instead. New C API functions must not return borrowed references W...
...const char* name; int basicsize; int itemsize; unsigned int flags; PyType_Slot *slots; /* terminated by slot==0. */ } PyType_Spec; PyObject* PyType_FromSpec(PyType_Spec*); To specify a slot, a unique slot id must be provided. New Python versions may introduce new slot ids, but slot ids will never be recycled. Slots may get deprecated, but continue to be supported throughout Python 3.x. The slot ids are named like the field names of the structures that hold the pointers in Python 3.1, w...
...constant striding in each dimension as its basic concept of an array. With this concept, a simple sub-region of a larger array can be described without copying the data. Thus, stride information is the additional information that must be shared. The PIL uses a more opaque memory representation. Sometimes an image is contained in a contiguous segment of memory, but sometimes it is contained in an array of pointers to the contiguous segments (usually lines) of the image. The PIL is where the idea...
...const index in LOAD_CONST. The code object has a new tuple, co_globals, giving the names of the globals referenced by the code indexed by <i>. No new analysis is required to be able to do this. When a function object is created from a code object and a celldict, the function object creates an array of cell pointers by asking the celldict for cells corresponding to the names in the code object's co_globals. If the celldict doesn't already have a cell for a particular name, it creates and...
...const folding'])).hexdigest(). While this might lead to long file names, it is assumed that most users never look at the contents of the __pycache__ directory and so this won't be an issue. The debug_override parameter will be deprecated. A False value will be equivalent to optimization=1 while a True value will represent optimization='' (a None argument will continue to mean the same as for optimization). A deprecation warning will be raised when debug_override is given a value other than None,...
...constructing cfunctions and cmethods, PyMethodDef arrays will still be used (for example, in tp_methods) but that will be the only remaining purpose of the PyMethodDef structure. Additionally, we can also make some function classes subclassable. However, this seems less important once we have tp_ccalloffset. Reference: PEP 580 3. cfunctions do not become methods A cfunction like repr does not implement __get__ to bind as a method: >>> class X: ... meth = repr >>> x = X()...
...constants" we force programmers to give up good habits. Named constants are introduced in most languages to solve the problem of "magic numbers" occurring in the source code. For example, sys.maxint is a lot more readable than 2147483647. Raymond proposes to use string literals instead of named "enums", observing that the string literal's content can be the name that the constant would otherwise have. Thus, we could write "case 'IGNORECASE':" instead of "case re.IGNORECASE:". However, if the...
...const *args, size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames) Additional combinations like (METH_VARARGS | METH_METHOD) may be added in the future (or even in the initial implementation of this PEP). However, METH_METHOD should always be an additional flag, i.e., the defining class should only be passed in if needed. In CPython, a new structure extending PyCFunctionObject will be added to hold the extra information: typedef struct { PyCFunctionObject func; PyTy...
...construct, such as an 'if' statement or an attribute lookup. The definition is independent of its realization in any particular programming language. The following fragment of the Python ASDL construct demonstrates the approach and syntax: module Python { stmt = FunctionDef(identifier name, arguments args, stmt* body, expr* decorators) | Return(expr? value) | Yield(expr value) attributes (int lineno) } The preceding example describes thr...
...const char * [3]. While that is a totally serviceable format to use for file system paths, it's not necessarily optimal. At issue is the fact that while all file system paths can be represented as strings or bytes, not all strings or bytes represent a file system path. This can lead to issues where any e.g. string duck-types to a file system path whether it actually represents a path or not. To help elevate the representation of file system paths from their representation as strings and bytes to...
...constructor. We see that several conditions are required for the above to work: __reduce__ or __reduce_ex__ must be able to return something that indicates a serializable no-copy buffer view. The pickle protocol must be able to represent references to such buffer views, instructing the unpickler that it may have to get the actual buffer out of band. The pickle.Pickler API must provide its caller with a way to receive such buffer views while serializing. The pickle.Unpickler API must similarly ...
...const treated as immutable related to CPython's main() execution related to the REPL set during runtime init, then treated as immutable mutable, protected by some global lock mutable, atomic Note that currently the allocators (see Objects/obmalloc.c) are shared between all interpreters, protected by the GIL. They will need to move to each interpreter (or a global lock will be needed). This is the highest risk part of the work to isolate interpreters and may require more than just moving field...
...constructor (please note that the constructor is not part of the image protocol): __init__(mode, size, color, source) mode must be one of the constants in the MODES set, size is a sequence of two integers (width and height of the new image); color is a sequence of integers, one for each component of the image, used to initialize all the pixels to the same value; source can be a sequence of integers of the appropriate size and format that is copied as-is in the buffer of the new image or an exis...
...constructor would ignore all arguments. This is changed now: the constructor refuses arguments in this case. This might break code that worked under Python 2.2. The simplest fix is to add a no-op __init__: def __init__(self, *args, **kw): pass. Through a bytecode optimizer bug (and I bet you didn't even know Python had a bytecode optimizer :-), "unsigned" hex/oct constants with a leading minus sign would come out with the wrong sign. ("Unsigned" hex/oct constants are those...
...const char *ctype_loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL); This cryptic invocation is the API that C provides to query the current locale setting without changing it. Given that query, it is possible to check for exactly the C locale with strcmp: ctype_loc != NULL && strcmp(ctype_loc, "C") == 0 # true only in the C locale This call also returns "C" when either no particular locale is set, or the nominal locale is set to an alias for the C locale (such as POSIX). Given this information, CPytho...