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...Algorithms in graphs include finding a path between two nodes, finding the shortest path between two nodes, determining cycles in the graph (a cycle is a non-empty path from a node to itself), finding a path that reaches all nodes (the famous "traveling salesman problem"), and so on. Sometimes the nodes or arcs of a graph have weights or costs associated with them, and we are interested in finding the cheapest path. There's considerable literature on graph algorithms, which are an impo...
...searching clause bind? In other words, do you write: import foo as bar searching XXX, spam as ham searching XXX or: import foo as bar, spam as ham searching XXX Guido's Decision Guido has Pronounced [1] that relative imports will use leading dots. A single leading dot indicates a relative import, starting with the current package. Two or more leading dots give a relative import to the parent(s) of the current package, one level per dot after the first. Here's a sample package layout:...
...search for additional portions of the package continues. A directory may contain both a package in the P/__init__.py and the P.pyp form. No other change to the importing mechanism is made; searching modules (including __init__.py) will continue to stop at the first module encountered. In summary, the process import a package foo works like this: sys.path is searched for directories foo or foo.pyp, or a file foo.<ext>. If a file is found and no directory, it is treated as a module, and imp...
...algorithm that's currently implemented, but its description of the algorithm is pretty hard to grasp - I had originally documented a different, naive, algorithm and didn't even realize that it didn't always compute the same MRO until Tim Peters found a counterexample. More recently, Samuele Pedroni has found a counterexample showing that the naive algorithm fails to maintain monotonicity, so I won't even describe it any more. Samuele has convinced me to use a newer MRO algorithm named ...
...algorithms, range searching algorithms, computational geometry algorithms, and others. Independent Implementations? Independent implementations of the Min/Max concept by users desiring such functionality are not likely to be compatible, and certainly will produce inconsistent orderings. The following examples seek to show how inconsistent they can be. Let us pretend we have created proper separate implementations of MyMax, MyMin, YourMax and YourMin with the same code as given in the sample ...
...searching. In most other languages that have a similar path mechanism to Python's sys.path, a package is merely a namespace that contains modules or classes, and can thus be spread across multiple directories in the language's path. In Perl, for instance, a Foo::Bar module will be searched for in Foo/ subdirectories all along the module include path, not just in the first such subdirectory found. Worse, this is not just a problem for new users: it prevents anyone from easily splitting a package...
...searched, including duplicates. Now for each class that occurs in the list multiple times, remove all occurrences except for the last. The resulting list contains each ancestor class exactly once (including the most derived class, D in the example): D, B, C, A. Searching for methods in this order will do the right thing for the diamond diagram. Because of the way the list is constructed, it never changes the search order in situations where no diamond is involved. Isn't this backw...
...algorithm specifications. They are much less frequently used in implementations, even when they are the "right" structure. Programmers frequently use lists instead, even when the ordering information in lists is irrelevant, and by-value lookups are frequent. (Most medium-sized C programs contain a depressing number of start-to-end searches through malloc'd vectors to determine whether particular items are present or not...) Programmers are often told that they can implement sets as dictionari...
...search & Development, Industrial Light & Magic. Google "Python has been an important part of Google since the beginning, and remains so as the system grows and evolves. Today dozens of Google engineers use Python, and we're looking for more people with skills in this language." said Peter Norvig, director of search quality at Google, Inc. Journyx "Journyx technology, from the source code of our software to the code that maintains our Web site and ASP sites, is entirely...
...Search suggests that the majority of third-party modules uses the well-defined API rather than relying on the list's structure directly. The table below summarizes the search queries and results: Search String Number of Results PyList_GetItem 2,000 PySequence_GetItem 800 PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM 100 PyList_GET_ITEM 400 [^a-zA-Z_]ob_item 100 This can be achieved in one of two ways: Redefine the various accessor functions and macros in listobject.h to access a BList instead. The...
...Search link for "python password generator" (https://www.google.com.au/search?q=python+password+generator) [5]python-ideas thread discussing using a userspace CSPRNG (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2015-September/035886.html) [6]Initial draft concept that eventually became this PEP (https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-ideas/2015-September/036095.html) [7]Safely generating random numbers (http://sockpuppet.org/blog/2014/02/25/safely-generate-random-numbers/) ...
...algorithm. In particular, parser.largs and parser.rargs are guaranteed to be available to callbacks [11]. This makes it extremely difficult to improve the parsing algorithm as was necessary in argparse for proper handling of positional arguments and variable length arguments. For example, nargs='+' in argparse is matched using regular expressions and thus has no notion of things like parser.largs. The optparse extension APIs are extremely complex. For example, just to use a simple custom string...
...search registry should be implemented by a module "codecs": codecs.register(search_function) Search functions are expected to take one argument, the encoding name in all lower case letters and with hyphens and spaces converted to underscores, and return a tuple of functions (encoder, decoder, stream_reader, stream_writer) taking the following arguments: encoder and decoder These must be functions or methods which have the same interface as the .encode/.decode methods of Codec instances (see C...
...searching the first occurrence. We use this observation to explain our new lookup rule. Using the classic lookup rule, construct the list of classes that would be searched, including duplicates. Now for each class that occurs in the list multiple times, remove all occurrences except for the last. The resulting list contains each ancestor class exactly once (including the most derived class, D in the example). Searching for methods in this order will do the right thing for the diamond diagram....
...algorithm used to produce random-looking numbers with certain desirable statistical properties. CSPRNG: Cryptographically Strong Pseudo Random Number Generator. An algorithm used to produce random-looking numbers which are resistant to prediction. MT: Mersenne Twister. An extensively studied PRNG which is currently used by the random module as the default. Rationale This proposal is motivated by concerns that Python's standard library makes it too easy for developers to inadvertently mak...
...algorithm: git pushes all branches having the same name on both ends. Default set of references to push in git 2.0+ is calculated using simple algorithm: git pushes the current branch back to its @{upstream}. To configure git before 2.0 to the new behaviour run: $ git config push.default simple To configure git 2.0+ to the old behaviour run: $ git config push.default matching Git doesn't allow to push a branch if it's the current branch in the remote non-bare repository: git refuses to updat...
...Search and return the distribution containing the file 'path'. Returns None if the file doesn't belong to any distribution that the InstallationDatabase knows about. XXX should this work for directories? """ class Distribution: """Instance attributes: name : string Distribution name files : {string : (size:int, perms:int, owner:string, group:string, digest:string)} Dictionary mapping the path of a file installed by ...
...search page, e.g.: https://github.com/search?q=%22import+numpy%22&ref=simplesearch&type=Code on 2014-04-10 at ~21:00 UTC. The reported values are the numbers given in the "Languages" box on the lower-left corner, next to "Python". This also causes some undercounting (e.g., leaving out Cython code, and possibly one should also count HTML docs and so forth), but these effects are negligible (e.g., only ~1% of numpy usage appears to occur in Cython code, and probably even less for the oth...