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  • Debugging Reference Count Problems

    ...ch is to try and make sure that you have the right INCREF and DECREF calls at each place -- and the only way to go is to know (from the manual) the reference count behavior of each function you call (including functions you wrote yourself!). 3) If I comment out all the DECREF calls, I should only have to worry about objects that I've created which don't have reference counts? So, if I add an incref everywhere a new object is created, I should have a huge memory leak, but no stack cor...

  • Release – Python 3.14.0b1

    Version: None

    Released: May 7, 2025

    Only one day late, welcome to the first beta! This is a beta preview of Python 3.14 Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b1, is the first of four planned beta releases. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features …

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  • Notes

    ...ch comparison overloading" (PEP 207). C extension types can provide a rich comparison function in the new tp_richcompare slot in the type object. The cmp() function and the C function PyObject_Compare() first try the new rich comparison operators before trying the old 3-way comparison. There is also a new C API PyObject_RichCompare() (which also falls back on the old 3-way comparison, but does not constrain the outcome of the rich comparison to a Boolean result). The rich comparison func...

  • Python Success Stories

    ...ch handle data validation, access control, and customizable business-specific knowledge held by the customer organization. The Business Logic Modules are designed to be changed to quickly develop applications on top of the CAPS framework. The various clients are front-ends which talk to the Business Logic, which mediates all client communication with the IFC. Our customizable GUI-client, written using PyQt, currently runs under Linux, Windows, and Solaris. Our web-client uses WebWare and Apache ...

  • What's New In Python 3.0

    ...code strings to deal with non-English locales. Issue #1587: Added instancemethod wrapper for PyCFunctions. The Python C API has gained a new type PyInstanceMethod_Type and the functions PyInstanceMethod_Check(o), PyInstanceMethod_New(func) and PyInstanceMethod_Function(im). Constants gc.DEBUG_OBJECT and gc.DEBUG_INSTANCE have been removed from the gc module; gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE or gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE are now enough to print the corresponding list of objects considered by the garbage collecto...

  • Notes

    ...cause Python's cyclic gc had no knowledge of Python's weakref objects. It does now. When weakrefs with callbacks become part of cyclic garbage now, those weakrefs are cleared first. The callbacks don't trigger then, preventing the problems. If you need callbacks to trigger, then just as when cyclic gc is not involved, you need to write your code so that weakref objects outlive the objects they weakly reference. Critical bugfix, for SF bug 840829: if cyclic garbage collection happened to occ...

  • Release – Python 3.14.0b2

    Version: None

    Released: May 26, 2025

    Here's the second 3.14 beta. https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b2/ This is a beta preview of Python 3.14 Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b2, is the first of four planned beta releases. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.2rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 11, 2018

    Python 3.7.2rc1 is the release candidate preview of the second maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the newest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Among the major new features in Python 3.7 are: PEP 539, new C API …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.3rc1

    Version: None

    Released: March 12, 2019

    Python 3.7.3rc1 is the release candidate preview of the third maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the newest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Among the major new features in Python 3.7 are: PEP 539, new C API …

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  • Python Success Stories

    ...ce of Python Large scale deployment of embedded systems demands inexpensive components. Considerations such as small size, high reliability and low power consumption are also very important. Specialized processor chips, called microcontrollers, have been developed to meet these goals. Combining CPU, memory and peripherals (such as UARTs) on a single chip, modern microcontrollers are marvelous devices. These features, however, come at a significant price. A typical microcontroller has only a...

  • Python Software Foundation: Minutes of Board of Directors Meeting (May 14, 2002)

    ...conference at OSCON should not be called Python11. There is discussion. Guido moves to tell O'Reilly to organize Python11 at OSCON 2003. Marc-Andre seconds. The motion is approved with 4 ayes, 1 nay, and 1 abstention. There is also discussion about the conference organized by Yet Another Society (YAS). Guido reports that Adam Turoff has not responded to Email in this matter, and that the status of the conference is uncertain. The board discusses conference committees....

  • Python Success Stories

    ...cure communication channel. The Siena Web Services Architecture Zoom in Above and Beyond Web Services With these basic building blocks, we were moving towards realizing the Siena Web Services Architecture, which included a Python-based server side, a COM client side agent (also written in Python), and a Java client side agent. One distinct advantage of writing both the server side and COM client side of our Web services architecture in Python was that we could automatically replicate servic...

  • Python 2.0

    ...cribed by PEP 214. Optional Collection of Cyclical Garbage Python is now equipped with a garbage collector that can hunt down cyclical references between Python objects. It's no replacement for reference counting; in fact, it depends on the reference counts being correct, and decides that a set of objects belong to a cycle if all their reference counts can be accounted for from their references to each other. This devious scheme was first proposed by Eric Tiedemann, and brought t...

  • Python 2.6.8 license

    ...and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python¶ PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.6.8c1 This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (“PSF”), and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using Python 2.6.8c1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide licen...

  • Python 2.6.9 license

    ...and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python¶ PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.6.9c1 This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation (“PSF”), and the Individual or Organization (“Licensee”) accessing and otherwise using Python 2.6.9c1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide licen...

  • Python 2.1 license

    ...ccessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its associated documentation. 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of c...

  • Release – Python 3.7.1rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 26, 2018

    Python 3.7.1rc1 is a release candidate preview of the first maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the newest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Among the major new features in Python 3.7 are: PEP 539, new C API …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.1rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 13, 2018

    Python 3.7.1rc2 is the second release candidate preview of the first maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the newest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Among the major new features in Python 3.7 are: PEP 539, new C …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.4rc1

    Version: None

    Released: June 18, 2019

    Python 3.7.4rc1 is the release candidate preview of the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the newest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Note that 3.7.4rc1 is a release preview and thus its use is not recommended for …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.5rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 2, 2019

    Python 3.7.5rc1 is the release candidate preview of the fifth maintenance release of Python 3.7. The Python 3.7 series is the latest major release of the Python language and contains many new features and optimizations. Note that 3.7.5rc1 is a release preview and thus its use is not recommended for …

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