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  • Python Success Stories

    ...number keypad to assist visually impaired people with minimal computer experience. As the user moves around the touch pad the wxPython Mouse Motion Event triggers a query of the surface type table and the city database. Python allowed us to quickly reassign and test combinations of key and mouse events. The user interface involves the touch pad, the number keypad, and a voice synthesizer to provide feedback. The mouse and key events were handled by wxPython, but we also needed to call Microsoft...

  • Conversion to Emeritus PSF Membership

    ...number of members who attend in person or vote by proxy/absentee ballot. Some decisions require a two-thirds majority vote of all members. PSF members who are inactive make achieving quorum less likely, and may make two-thirds majority votes impossible. To convert to emeritus status, please fill out the blanks below and send a copy to the PSF. The form may be sent by email to: psf at python.org or faxed to: +1 858 712 8966 or mailed to: Python Software Foundation 9450 SW Gemini Dr. ECM# 90...

  • Release – Python 3.10.0b3

    Version: None

    Released: June 17, 2021

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.10 Python 3.10 is still in development. 3.10.0b3 is the third of four planned beta release previews. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support …

  • Release – Python 3.12.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 6, 2022

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.12. Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11 Python 3.12 is still in development. This release, 3.12.0a3 is the second of seven planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state …

  • Release – Python 3.12.0rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Aug. 6, 2023

    This is the first release candidate of Python 3.12.0 This release, 3.12.0rc1, is the penultimate release preview. Entering the release candidate phase, only reviewed code changes which are clear bug fixes are allowed between this release candidate and the final release. The second candidate (and the last planned release …

  • Release – Python 3.12.0rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 6, 2023

    This is the second release candidate of Python 3.12.0 This release, 3.12.0rc2, is the last release preview for Python 3.12. There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.12 series. The intent is for the final release of 3.12.0, scheduled for Monday, 2023-10-02, to be …

  • Release – Python 3.12.0rc3

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 19, 2023

    This is the third release candidate of Python 3.12.0 This release, 3.12.0rc3, is the absolutely last release preview for Python 3.12. There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.12 series. The intent is for the final release of 3.12.0, scheduled for Monday, 2023-10-02, to …

  • Comparing Option-Parsing Libraries

    Comparing Option-Parsing Libraries Comparing Option-Parsing Libraries NOTE: this page is present for historical purposes only. The getopt-sig is retired, and Optik was added to the Python standard library (as optparse) in Python 2.3. (It was checked in to Python's CVS tree in November 2002, and first released in July 2003.) Since I proposed Optik for the Python standard library, a number of other option-parsing libraries have come to light. I'm trying to evaluate them by ...

  • Notes

    ...numbers use rich comparisons to define == and != but raise an exception for <, <=, > and >=. Unfortunately, this also means that cmp() of two complex numbers raises an exception when the two numbers differ. Since it is not mathematically meaningful to compare complex numbers except for equality, I hope that this doesn't break too much code. The outcome of comparing non-numeric objects of different types is not defined by the language, other than that it's arbitrary but consistent ...

  • ...number of Directors going forward. We learned in the past that it's better to expand the Board than to miss out on offers of help. This does not mean that all candidates for Director will automatically be elected; this year's Directors will be decided in the election below. The motion: WHEREAS it is recognized that it is beneficial to the Foundation to have a large number of active Directors, be it RESOLVED, that the PSF Board be increased to a maximum of twelve (12) Directors. Please ...

  • Release – Python 3.9.0a3

    Version: None

    Released: Jan. 24, 2020

    This is an early developer preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0a3 is the third of six planned alpha releases. Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release …

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  • Python Software Foundation: Minutes of Board of Directors Meeting (May 13, 2003)

    ...numbers mean we made a net profit on the conference of of 3782.46. Guido reports that we were supposed to have gotten $3600 in sponsor money, but only got $3100. The missing $500 is from sams publishing. 4. Conference planning Thomas suggest that we should look into the next PyCon, and suggests that Steve Holden is invited to chair organization of that conference again. Thomas will contact him about that. 5. Sunsite DK Guido reports that Martin Dalum has offered to host the Python developme...

  • Release – Python 2.3.4

    Version: None

    Released: May 27, 2004

    This is a patch release which supersedes earlier releases of 2.3. Important: This release is vulnerable to the problem described in security advisory PSF-2006-001 "Buffer overrun in repr() of unicode strings in wide unicode builds (UCS-4)". This fix is included in Python 2.4.4 and Python 2.5. If you need …

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  • Release – Python 2.3.3

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 19, 2003

    This is a patch release which supersedes earlier releases of 2.3. Important: This release is vulnerable to the problem described in security advisory PSF-2006-001 "Buffer overrun in repr() of unicode strings in wide unicode builds (UCS-4)". This fix is included in Python 2.4.4 and Python 2.5. If you need …

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  • Python 2.3.3

    ...number of bugs, including a couple of serious errors with weakrefs and the cyclic garbage collector. There are also a number of fixes to the standard library - see the release notes for details. Python 2.3.3 supersedes the previous Python 2.3.2 release. No new features have been added in Python 2.3.3. The 2.3 series is now in bugfix-only mode. Please see the separate bugs page for known issues and the bug reporting procedure. Download the release Windows users should download...

  • Python 2.3.4

    ...number of bugs, including a couple of weakref bugs and a bug in pickle version 2. There are also a number of fixes to the standard library, and some build fixes - see the release notes for details. Python 2.3.4 supersedes the previous Python 2.3.3 release. No new features have been added in Python 2.3.4. The 2.3 series is now in bugfix-only mode. Please see the separate bugs page for known issues and the bug reporting procedure. Download the release Windows users should dow...

  • Python Security

    ...Numbering Authority (CNA) contact If you need to contact the Python Software Foundation CNA directly, such as for updating or disputing a CVE record, you can send an email to cna at python dot org. Be sure that the CVE record in question was issued by the PSF CNA and not a different CNA. OpenGPG Key Key fingerprint: pub 2048R/D067453C 2010-09-08 Key fingerprint = F314 452F E3F9 BF87 0435 7732 D273 E0FF D067 453C uid Python Security Response Team <security@pyth...

  • Python Software Foundation: Press Release 29-Jul-2003

    ...number of other improvements. Python is a powerful and agile programming language that significantly increases programmer productivity. It is very easy to learn for programmers of other languages such as C, C++, Java, and Visual Basic. The language is the basis of mission-critical applications used by tens of thousands of companies and organizations worldwide, and its user base is growing rapidly. Python is increasingly used in large system development to decrease software costs, mitiga...

  • Release – Python 3.14.0b1

    Version: None

    Released: May 7, 2025

    Only one day late, welcome to the first beta! This is a beta preview of Python 3.14 Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b1, is the first of four planned beta releases. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features …

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  • Release – Python 3.7.14

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 6, 2022

    Note: The release you are looking at is a security bugfix release for the legacy 3.7 series which has now reached end-of-life and is no longer supported. See the downloads page for currently supported versions of Python. The final source-only security fix release for 3.7 was 3.7.17. Please see …

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Python language documentation

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