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Released: July 17, 2024
This is a beta preview of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b4, is the final beta release preview of 3.13. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their …
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Released: June 3, 2025
This is the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. 3.13.4 is the latest maintenance release, containing a few important security fixes as well as around …
Released: Dec. 5, 2025
This is the eleventh maintenance release of Python 3.13 Note: This is Python 3.13.11, a maintenance release for Python 3.13. Python 3.14 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.14.x here. Python 3.13.11 is the eleventh maintenance release of …
...classes, last seen for Python 2.2.3, is still relevant for Python 2.3.5. Raymond Hettinger has also written a tutorial on descriptors, introduced in Python 2.2. In addition, The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order is a nice paper by Michele Simionato that explains the C3 MRO algorithm (new in Python 2.3) clearly. (Also available as reStructured Text. Copied with permission.) Files, MD5 checksums, signatures, and sizes 7a1ecc1196c5c0e9d4eef90ba684c4e9 Python-2.3.5.tgz (8535749 ...
...class in college, and tried to poke along doing some self-study so I could get better. And then I attended a Boston Python Workshop for Women And Their Friends http://bostonpythonworkshop.com/, led by Jessica McKellar. We worked through well-designed exercises and I got hands-on practice that helped me get through that transition, from painstakingly copying individual lines and functions into the interpreter, to thinking in terms of Python's program flow. Years later, my Python and software mana...
Released: Aug. 1, 2024
This is the first release candidate of Python 3.13.0 This release, 3.13.0rc1, is the penultimate release preview. Entering the release candidate phase, only reviewed code changes which are clear bug fixes are allowed between this release candidate and the final release. The second candidate (and the last planned …
Released: Sept. 6, 2024
This is the second release candidate of Python 3.13.0 This release, 3.13.0rc2, is the final release preview. This release is expected to become the final 3.13.0 release, barring any critical bugs being discovered. The official release of 3.13.0 is scheduled for Tuesday, 2024-10-01. There will be no …
Released: Oct. 1, 2024
This is the third release candidate of Python 3.13.0 This release, 3.13.0rc3, is the final release preview (no really) of 3.13. This release is expected to become the final 3.13.0 release, barring any critical bugs being discovered. The official release of 3.13.0 is now scheduled for Monday, 2024-10-07. …
Released: Dec. 3, 2024
This is the first maintenance release of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. 3.13.1 is the latest maintenance release, containing almost 400 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since …
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...class. A function object contains a reference to the function's 'globals' object, which is the __dict__ of the module that defines it. Since the __dict__ normally has a reference to the function there's a cycle that needs to be broken, or else the __dict__ would never be garbage collected. Note that a reference-count based solution doesn't work within one module, since references between functions are by name, not by value -- two mutually recursive functions can still both have a ref...
...class or variable. The import statement first tests whether the item is defined in the package; if not, it assumes it is a module and attempts to load it. If it fails to find it, ImportError is raised. Contrarily, when using syntax like import item.subitem.subsubitem, each item except for the last must be a package; the last item can be a module or a package but can't be a class or function or variable defined in the previous item. Importing * From a Package; the __all__ Attribut...
...class:: minutes-title | The Python Software Foundation | Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors | | July 18, 2011 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 16:00 UTC, 18 July 2011. Steve Holden presided at the meeting. Pat Campbell prepared the minutes. All votes are reported in the form "*Y-N-A*" (*in favor — opposed — abstentions*; e.g. "5-1-2" means "5 in favor, 1 opposed, and 2 abstent...
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