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  • Release – Python 3.12.0rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 6, 2023

    This is the second release candidate of Python 3.12.0 This release, 3.12.0rc2, is the last release preview for Python 3.12. There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.12 series. The intent is for the final release of 3.12.0, scheduled for Monday, 2023-10-02, …

  • Release – Python 3.12.0rc3

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 19, 2023

    This is the third release candidate of Python 3.12.0 This release, 3.12.0rc3, is the absolutely last release preview for Python 3.12. There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.12 series. The intent is for the final release of 3.12.0, scheduled for Monday, …

  • Python documentation by version

    Python documentation by version Some previous versions of the documentation remain available online. Use the list below to select a version to view. For unreleased (in development) documentation, see In development versions. Python 3.14.0, documentation released on 7 October 2025. Python 3.13.9, documentation released on 14 October 2025. Python 3.13.8, documentation released on 7 October 2025. Python 3.13.7, documentation released on 14 August 2025. Python 3.13.6, documentation released on 6...

  • Parade of the PEPs

    Parade of the PEPs Parade of the PEPs To start off Developer's Day at the Python10 conference I gave a keynote ending in what I dubbed "the parade of the PEPs". It was a brief overview of all open PEPs, where I gave my highly personal and subjective opinion for each PEP. Later, I realized that this might have been of interest to other developers. I didn't take notes at the conference, so below is a different set of comments that I created from scratch during a single two-hour sitt...

  • Job - Junior Software Engineer

    Location: San Francisco, CA USA

    Software engineers at Mechanize create RL environments to sell to the leading AI labs. You might be a good fit if you are about to graduate university, or have 0-2 years of experience as a software engineer and can code in Python. No prior machine learning or AI experience …

  • Support Python in 2022!

    Support Python in 2022! It's our annual year-end PSF fundraiser and membership drive. There are two ways to join in: Donate to the PSF! Every dollar makes a difference. (Does every dollar also make a kitten somewhere purr? We make no promises, but maybe you should try, just in case?) DONATE TODAY Become a Supporting member! When you sign up as a Supporting Member of the PSF, you become a part of the PSF and help us sustain what we do with your annual support. You can sign up...

  • Release – Python 2.3.0

    Version: None

    Released: July 29, 2003

    This is a patch release which supersedes earlier releases of 2.3. Important: This release is vulnerable to the problem described in security advisory PSF-2006-001 "Buffer overrun in repr() of unicode strings in wide unicode builds (UCS-4)". This fix is included in Python 2.4.4 and Python 2.5 …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.5

    Version: None

    Released: Aug. 6, 2024

    This is the fifth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.5 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 250 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.4. This …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.8

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 3, 2024

    This is the eighth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12.8 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, containing more than 250 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.7. Security content in this release gh-126623: Upgraded libexpat to 2.6.4 to fix CVE-2024-50602 …

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  • Towards a Standard Parser Generator

    ...a] are a primary application for XPath expressions, and since many short expressions occur in a typical XSLT style sheet, it is desirable that the parser is efficient. It does not need to be super fast, though, since parsing of the style sheet is only a small portion of the complete transformation process. Ideally, no external C modules are required for the parser, to simplify installation of a generated parser. If C modules are required, then parsers whose C mod...

  • Release – Python 3.12.1

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 8, 2023

    This is the first maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.1 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 400 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.0. Major …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.2

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 6, 2024

    This is the second maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.2 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 350 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.1. Major …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.3

    Version: None

    Released: April 9, 2024

    This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.3 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 300 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.2. Major …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.4

    Version: None

    Released: June 6, 2024

    This is the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.4 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 250 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.3. Major …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.7

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 1, 2024

    This is the seventh maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.7 is the latest maintenance release, containing about 120 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.6. Major …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.9

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 4, 2025

    This is the ninth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12.9 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, containing about 180 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.8. Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11 New features More flexible …

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  • Release – Python 3.12.10

    Version: None

    Released: April 8, 2025

    This is the tenth maintenance release of Python 3.12 Python 3.12.10 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, and the last full maintenance release. Subsequent releases of 3.12 will be security-fixes only. This last maintenance release contains about 230 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since …

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  • Python 1.6

    Python 1.6 Python 1.6 Note: See the download pages for more recent releases. The final version of Python 1.6 is released on September 5, 2000. (What's new?) CNRI has placed an open source license on this version. CNRI believes that this version is compatible with the GPL, but there is a technicality concerning the choice of law provision, which Richard Stallman believes may make it incompatible. CNRI is still trying to work this out with Stallman. Future versions of Python ...

  • Python 2.3

    Python 2.3 Python 2.3 Note: See Python 2.3.5 for a patch release release which supersedes earlier releases of 2.3. Important: This release is vulnerable to the problem described in security advisory PSF-2006-001 "Buffer overrun in repr() of unicode strings in wide unicode builds (UCS-4)". This fix is included in Python 2.4.4 and Python 2.5. If you need to remain with Python 2.3, there's a patch available from the security advisory page. Important: 2.3....

  • Debugging Reference Count Problems

    Debugging Reference Count Problems Warning This page stays here for historical reasons and it may contain outdated or incorrect information. Debugging Reference Count Problems From: Guido van Rossum <guido@CNRI.Reston.VA.US> To: python-list@cwi.nl Date: Wed, 27 May 1998 11:09:40 -0400 Mike Fletcher wrote a number of posts about debugging C code that bombs, probably because of reference count problems. His approach to debugging this problem seems typical, but I thin...

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