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  • Release – Python 3.8.2rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 17, 2020

    This is the second release candidate of Python 3.8.2, the second maintenance release of Python 3.8 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.8.2rc2, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.8 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release …

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  • Release – Python 3.13.0b3

    Version: None

    Released: June 27, 2024

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b3, is the third of four beta release previews of 3.13. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to …

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  • About

    About Python is a remarkably powerful dynamic programming language that is used in a wide variety of application domains. Python is often compared to Tcl, Perl, Ruby, Scheme or Java. Some of its key distinguishing features include: very clear, readable syntax strong introspection capabilities intuitive object orientation natural expression of procedural code full modularity, supporting hierarchical packages exception-based error handling very high level dynamic data types extensive standard l...

  • Applications for Python

    ...lists thousands of third party modules for Python. Web and Internet Development Python offers many choices for web development: Frameworks such as Django and Pyramid. Micro-frameworks such as Flask and Bottle. Advanced content management systems such as Plone and django CMS. Python's standard library supports many Internet protocols: HTML and XML JSON E-mail processing. Support for FTP, IMAP, and other Internet protocols. Easy-to-use socket interface. And the Package Index has yet more lib...

  • Python Success Stories

    Python Success Stories Background The Molecular Modeling Toolkit (MMTK) is a open source Python library for molecular modeling and simulation with a focus on biomolecular systems, written in a mixture of Python and C. It provides standard techniques such as Molecular Dynamics or normal mode calculations in a ready-to-use form, but also provides a basis of low-level operations on top of which new techniques can easily be implemented. I started developing MMTK in 1996. I had some experience wit...

  • Python 2.2

    Python 2.2 Python 2.2 Note: See Python 2.2.3 for a patch release which supersedes 2.2. Important: This release is vulnerable to the problem described in security advisory PSF-2006-001 "Buffer overrun in repr() of unicode strings in wide unicode builds (UCS-4)". This fix is included in Python 2.4.4 and Python 2.5. If you need to remain with Python 2.2, there's a patch available from the security advisory page. We are extremely pleased to announce the relea...

  • Bugs in Python 2.3.1

    Bugs in Python 2.3.1 <h3>Bugs in Python 2.3.1</h3> <ul> <li>IDLE now executes code in a separate process. To communicate between the main process and executing processes, IDLE opens a socket to 127.0.0.1 (the local machine). Some firewalls running on Windows machines interfere with this and can cause either silent failures or erroneous popup windows from the firewall. This problem only occurs if you run a firewall on the same machine as IDLE.</li> <li>The...

  • PSF participation in the 2007 Google Summer of Code

    PSF participation in the 2007 Google Summer of Code James Tauber, PSF Administrator for the 2007 Google Summer of Code 2007-12-12 SUMMARY 2007 was another successful year for the PSF's participation in the Google Summer of Code. We received 67 valid applications and were allocated 34 slots by Google. 51 people signed up to be mentors and 30 of those ended up mentoring a student. We approved 32 applications of which 25 were successful. At least a third of the students continue to have some i...

  • Sigstore Information

    Sigstore Information Information on CPython release artifacts signing and verification with Sigstore Starting with the Python 3.11.0, Python 3.10.7, Python 3.9.14, Python 3.8.14, and Python 3.7.14 releases, CPython release artifacts are additionally signed with Sigstore (in addition to existing GPG signatures). Starting with Python 3.14, Sigstore is the only method of signing and verification of release artifacts. Releases of Python older than the 3.14 series also include legacy OpenPGP signatu...

  • 2007-03-12 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2007-03-12 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors March 12, 2007 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 17:02 UTC, 12 March 2007. Stephan Deibel presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Status of ...

  • 2009-01-12 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2009-01-12 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors January 12, 2009 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 17:00 UTC, 12 January 2009. Steve Holden presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Votes Ta...

  • Notes

    ...lists than the previous implementation, and reported to be just as fast on randomly ordered lists on several major platforms. This sort is also stable (if A==B and A precedes B in the list at the start, A precedes B after the sort too), although the language definition does not guarantee stability. A potential drawback is that list.sort() may require temp space of len(list)*2 bytes (*4 on a 64-bit machine). It's therefore possible for list.sort() to raise MemoryError now, even if a comparison...

  • Python Success Stories

    ...lists of properties that define each unique custom ERP implementation. This has reduced maintenance costs by an order of magnitude: The typical ERP5 system contains 100,000 lines of code, rather than the 1,000,000 lines of code required in similar projects based on traditional programming techniques. Python supports efficient metaprogramming through powerful introspection features that allow programs to inspect and modify code at runtime. Java's introspection are by contrast quite poor and infle...

  • 2007-01-08 PSF Board Meeting Minutes

    2007-01-08 PSF Board Meeting Minutes The Python Software Foundation Minutes of a Regular Meeting of the Board of Directors January 8, 2007 A regular meeting of the Python Software Foundation ("PSF") Board of Directors was held over Internet Relay Chat beginning at 18:02 UTC, 8 January 2007. Stephan Deibel presided at the meeting. David Goodger prepared these minutes. Contents 1   Attendance 2   Minutes of Past Meetings 3   Status o...

  • PSF Fellow Membership

    PSF Fellow Membership psf fellow members The deadline to nominate someone for Quarter 1 consideration is 11:59 p.m. UTC, February 20, 2026. Please send your nomination to: psf-fellow@python.org Your nomination should include: The name of the person you are nominating. Why you think they meet the Fellow criteria, i.e. how they have served the Python community. Please also include an email address for the person you are nominating. Example nomination: I, Marcia Nominator, propose that Mar...

  • Release – Python 3.13.0b2

    Version: None

    Released: June 5, 2024

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b2, is the second of four beta release previews of 3.13. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to …

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  • Release – Python 3.13.0b4

    Version: None

    Released: July 17, 2024

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.13 Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b4, is the final beta release preview of 3.13. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their …

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  • Python Distutils-SIG: Proposed User Interface

    Python Distutils-SIG: Proposed User Interface Python Distutils-SIG Proposed User Interface In addition to identifying the common tasks and division of labour involved in developing, distributing, and installing Python modules, the "Extension Building Considered Painful" Developer's Day Session also came up with a proposed user interface. The core idea of the interface is that the module developer would provide a small Python script, called setup.py ...

  • Python Documentation Index

    ...lists and dictionaries. An Optimization Anecdote Required reading if you find that your Python code runs too slow. Metaclass Programming in Python 1.5 Warning: reading this document may cause your brain to explode. Built-in Package Support in Python 1.5 The most official documentation for the new package features in Python 1.5. Standard Exception Classes in Python 1.5 The most official documentation for the new exception features in Python 1.5. (Updated for Python 1.5.2 by Barry Warsaw.) G...

  • Comparing Python to Other Languages

    Comparing Python to Other Languages Comparing Python to Other Languages Disclaimer: This essay was written sometime in 1997. It shows its age. It is retained here merely as a historical artifact. --Guido van Rossum Python is often compared to other interpreted languages such as Java, JavaScript, Perl, Tcl, or Smalltalk. Comparisons to C++, Common Lisp and Scheme can also be enlightening. In this section I will briefly compare Python to each of these languages. These comparison...

Python language documentation

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