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  • Foreword for "Programming Python" (1st ed.)

    ...operator symbols are familiar to anyone with even a vague recollection of high school math, and no new meanings have to be learned for comic strip curse characters like @&$!. I will gladly admit that Python is not the fastest running scripting language. It is a good runner-up though. With ever-increasing hardware speed, the accumulated running time of a program during its lifetime is often negligible compared to the programmer time needed to write and debug it. This, of course, is ...

  • Release – Python 3.9.5

    Version: None

    Released: May 3, 2021

    This is the fifth maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.5, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. There's been …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.10

    Version: None

    Released: Jan. 14, 2022

    This is the ninth maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.10, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. Major new …

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  • SIG for Ultra Large-Scale Systems

    SIG for Ultra Large-Scale Systems This special interest group (SIG) exists in order to discuss the emerging field of computing in the context of ultra large-scale systems and how such systems relate to or can be built with Python. The term "Ultra Large-Scale Systems" comes out of the research that was done in 2005-2006 by the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute's ULS Systems team. It entails the "creation" of systems of the next 10-20 years (and possibly beyond),...

  • Internet Relay Chat

    ...operators, after a change in management and network policy. The channels on Freenode are no longer under the PSF umbrella.) Other Channels #python-dev is for CPython developers, where they can coordinate their work or discuss problems. Bots post updates to the channel based on activity in the CPython source tree and bug tracker. #python-infra is for Python infrastructure discussion. #pydotorg is for discussion of this website, python.org. #distutils and #pypa are for Python packaging discussio...

  • Python Success Stories

    Python Success Stories Introduction WordStream is a provider of keyword management solutions for continuously optimizing and expanding PPC and SEO efforts, involving large numbers of keywords. WordStream provides a scalable, private, online keyword workbench, for conducting keyword discovery, keyword suggestion, keyword research, keyword grouping, keyword organization, search marketing workflow, and for turning research into action. WordStream has been in development since 2007, and is devel...

  • Release – Python 3.9.0b4

    Version: None

    Released: July 3, 2020

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0b4, is the fourth of five planned beta release previews. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.0b5

    Version: None

    Released: July 20, 2020

    This is a beta preview of Python 3.9 Python 3.9 is still in development. This release, 3.9.0b5, is the last of five planned beta release previews. Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.0rc2

    Version: None

    Released: Sept. 17, 2020

    This is the second release candidate of Python 3.9 This release, 3.9.0rc2, is the last preview before the final release of Python 3.9.0 on 2020-10-05. In the mean time, we strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to prepare their projects for 3.9 compatibility during this phase. As …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.2rc1

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 16, 2021

    This is the release candidate of the second maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.2rc1, a release candidate of a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.3

    Version: None

    Released: April 2, 2021

    This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.9 NOTE: The release you're looking at has been recalled due to unintentional breakage of ABI compatibility with C extensions built in Python 3.9.0 - 3.9.2. Details in bpo-43710. Please use Python 3.9.4 or newer instead. Python …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.4

    Version: None

    Released: April 4, 2021

    This is the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.4, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. Python 3.9.4 …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.8

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 5, 2021

    This is the eighth maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.8, a bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. There's been …

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  • Release – Python 3.9.9

    Version: None

    Released: Nov. 15, 2021

    This is the ninth maintenance release of Python 3.9 Note: The release you're looking at is Python 3.9.9, an expedited bugfix release for the legacy 3.9 series. Python 3.11 is now the latest feature release series of Python 3. Get the latest release of 3.11.x here. 3.9.9 …

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  • Highlights: Python 2.4

    ...operator module gained functions attrgetter() and itemgetter() The posix module (available as os) has a new function getsid() poplib supports POP over SSL profile can now profile C extension functions random has a new method getrandbits(N) to return a random integer N bits long. The re module was extended to allow simple conditional expressions in regular expressions. In addition, the underlying SRE engine is now non-recursive (previously, certain types of regular expression would run into troub...

  • Release – Python install manager 25.0

    Version: None

    Released: Oct. 8, 2025

    The Python install manager for Windows is our tool for installing and managing runtimes. The traditional executable installer will stop being released with Python 3.16 As well as the files below, the Python install manager can be installed using the Microsoft Store app. For most users, this is …

  • Release – Python install manager 25.1

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 2, 2025

    The Python install manager for Windows is our tool for installing and managing runtimes. The traditional executable installer will stop being released with Python 3.16 As well as the files below, the Python install manager can be installed using the Microsoft Store app. For most users, this is …

  • Release – Python install manager 25.2

    Version: None

    Released: Dec. 5, 2025

    The Python install manager for Windows is our tool for installing and managing runtimes. The traditional executable installer will stop being released with Python 3.16 As well as the files below, the Python install manager can be installed using the Microsoft Store app. For most users, this is …

  • Release – Python install manager 26.0

    Version: None

    Released: Feb. 23, 2026

    The Python install manager for Windows is our tool for installing and managing runtimes. The traditional executable installer will stop being released with Python 3.16 As well as the files below, the Python install manager can be installed using the Microsoft Store app. For most users, this is …

  • Python Success Stories

    Python Success Stories Introduction This is a story about how Python's elegant design can make the language useful in an unexpected way. Carmanah Technologies Inc. (http://www.carmanah.com/) was conceived in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The founder, David Green, was sailing his boat from Fiji, bound for Victoria, British Columbia. He was running low on battery power for his navigation lights, and had an insight. The eventual result of that mid-ocean idea was the world's first self-conta...

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