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  • Standard Exception Classes in Python 1.5

    Standard Exception Classes in Python 1.5 Standard Exception Classes in Python 1.5 (updated for Python 1.5.2 -baw) User-defined Python exceptions can be either strings or Python classes. Since classes have many nice properties when used as exceptions, it is desirable to migrate to a situation where classes are used exclusively. Prior to Python 1.5 alpha 4, Python's standard exceptions (IOError, TypeError, etc.) were defined as strings. Changing these to classes posed some particula...

  • Python Style Guide

    Python Style Guide Python Style Guide Author: Guido van Rossum The style guide originally at this URL has been turned into two PEPs (Python Enhancement Proposals): PEP 8 for the main text, and PEP 257 for docstring conventions.

  • Python Humor

    Python Humor Here is a spurious collection of semi to totally unserious stuff, mostly postings found wafting gently in the comp.lang.python newsgroup (a.k.a. the python-list mailing list). See also Andrew Kuchling's collection of Python quotations, containing in a condensed form some sterling examples of the wit and wisdom encountered in the Python world. Contents The Zen of Python Fundamental... Cute Wabbit Shooting Yourself in the Foot Legal Issues Python vs Tcl vs Perl5 Python Object Orie...

  • New-style Classes

    New-style Classes Warning New-style classes has been integrated into Python 2.7 and old-style classes has been removed in Python 3. Please refer to the Python tutorial and the Descriptor HowTo Guide for more up-to-date documentation about classes and descriptors respectively. Unfortunately, new-style classes have not yet been integrated into Python's standard documentation. Fear not, however; many people have worked to provide useful information on creating and using new-style classes: Unif...

  • Slideshow Collections for Instructional Use

    Slideshow Collections for Instructional Use We are collecting and making available slideshows for reading at your own pace and reuse in your presentations. The preferred format is reStructuredText/S5 since it can be easily edited without special software and converted into various delivery formats. Where possible, speaker notes are included to give the slides meaning without an audio overlay. Preparing for Screencasting Advice on how to get started giving screencasts, why you might want to...

  • Python Documentation by Version

    Python Documentation by Version Some previous versions of the documentation remain available online. Use the list below to select a version to view. For unreleased (in development) documentation, see In Development Versions. Python 3.13.5, documentation released on 11 June 2025. Python 3.13.4, documentation released on 03 June 2025. Python 3.12.11, documentation released on 03 June 2025. Python 3.13.3, documentation released on 8 April 2025. Python 3.13.2, documentation released on 4 Feburar...

  • Python for Mac OS X

    Python for Mac OS X Python for Mac OS X Python comes pre-installed on Mac OS X so it is easy to start using. However, to take advantage of the latest versions of Python, you will need to download and install newer versions alongside the system ones. The easiest way to do that is to install one of the binary installers for OS X from the Python Download page. Installers are available for the latest Python 3 and Python 2 releases that will work on all Macs that run Mac OS X 10.5 and later. Py...

  • IDLE and tkinter with Tcl/Tk on macOS

    IDLE and tkinter with Tcl/Tk on macOS Important If you are using macOS 12 Monterey or later, you may see problems with file open and save dialogs when using IDLE or other tkinter-based applications. The most recent versions of python.org installers (for 3.10.0 and 3.9.8) have patched versions of Tk to avoid these problems. They should be fixed in an upcoming Tk 8.6.12 release. If you are using a Python from any current python.org Python installer for macOS (3.10.0+ or 3.9.0+), no further acti...

  • Download Python for other platforms

    Download Python for other platforms Python has been ported to a number of specialized and/or older platforms, listed below in alphabetical order. Note that these ports often lag well behind the latest Python release. Python for Android Briefcase (from the BeeWare project) and Buildozer (from the Kivy project) are two tools that can be used to deploy Python code as an Android app. Chaquopy is a project that can be used to embed Python into an existing Android Gradle project. The Chaquopy bina...

  • Releases

    Releases Python releases are now listed on the downloads page. This page only provides links to older releases which are not listed in the release database. Python 1.6.1 (September 2000) Python 1.5.2 (April 1999) Older source releases (1.0.1 - 1.6) Ancient source releases (pre 1.0) Python 1.5 binaries Python 1.4 binaries Python 1.3 binaries Python 1.2 binaries Python 1.1 binaries

  • Python 1.5.2

    Python 1.5.2 Python 1.5.2 Do yourself a favor and get a more recent version! On 13 April 1999, the final version of Python 1.5.2 was released: Python 1.5.2 sources (2.5 MB) Python 1.5.2 installer for Windows (5.0 MB) What's new in 1.5.2? Documentation (both online and downloadable) Note: the Python installer for Windows includes the Tcl/Tk 8.0.5 installer. See the Tkinter resource guide for troubleshooting the Tcl/Tk installation. Windows users may also be interested in Mark Hammond's win...

  • What's new in Python 1.5 and beyond

    What's new in Python 1.5 and beyond If you download the source release, there's a loooong list of changes since release 1.4 in the file Misc/NEWS. Below are some highlights. (Or go directly to the listings of what's new in 1.5b1, what's new in 1.5b2, and what's new in 1.5 (final).) For an essay on the (difficult!) subject of metaprogramming, see my essay Metaprogramming in Python 1.5. See also the description of some major new features in version 1.5: Built-in Package Support and Stand...

  • Python 1.6

    Python 1.6 Python 1.6 Note: See the download pages for more recent releases. The final version of Python 1.6 is released on September 5, 2000. (What's new?) CNRI has placed an open source license on this version. CNRI believes that this version is compatible with the GPL, but there is a technicality concerning the choice of law provision, which Richard Stallman believes may make it incompatible. CNRI is still trying to work this out with Stallman. Future versions of Python ...

  • Download Python 1.6 Source

    Download Python 1.6 Source <h2>Python 1.6</h2> <p>CNRI OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT</p> </center> <br><br> <p>IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING AGREEMENT CAREFULLY.</p> <p>BY CLICKING ON "ACCEPT" WHERE INDICATED BELOW, OR BY COPYING, INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6 SOFTWARE, YOU ARE DEEMED TO HAVE AGREED TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.</p> <p>1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is betwee...

  • Download Python 1.6 Windows Installer

    Download Python 1.6 Windows Installer <h2>Python 1.6</h2> <p>CNRI OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT</p> </center> <br><br> <p>IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING AGREEMENT CAREFULLY.</p> <p>BY CLICKING ON "ACCEPT" WHERE INDICATED BELOW, OR BY COPYING, INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6 SOFTWARE, YOU ARE DEEMED TO HAVE AGREED TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT.</p> <p>1. This LICENSE AGREEMEN...

  • Python 1.6 License FAQ

    Python 1.6 License FAQ Python 1.6 License FAQ This FAQ addresses questions concerning the CNRI Open Source License and its impact on past and future Python releases. The text below has been approved for posting on the Python website and newsgroup by CNRI's president, Dr. Robert E. Kahn. The old Python license from CWI worked well for almost 10 years. Why a new license for Python 1.6? CNRI claims copyright in Python code and documentation from releases 1.3 through 1.6 inc...

  • Python 1.6.1

    Python 1.6.1 Python 1.6.1 Note: See the download pages for more recent releases. What's new? Python 1.6 was the last of the versions developed at CNRI and the only version issued by CNRI with an open source license. Following the release of Python 1.6, and after Guido van Rossum left CNRI to work with commercial software developers, it became clear that the ability to use Python with software available under the GNU General Public License (GPL) was very desirable. CNRI and the Free Softwa...

  • Download Python 1.6.1 Source

    Download Python 1.6.1 Source Python 1.6.1 CNRI OPEN SOURCE GPL-COMPATIBLE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY CLICKING ON "ACCEPT" WHERE INDICATED BELOW, OR BY COPYING, INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1 SOFTWARE, YOU ARE DEEMED TO HAVE AGREED TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston Whit...

  • Download Python 1.6.1 Windows Installer

    Download Python 1.6.1 Windows Installer Python 1.6.1 CNRI OPEN SOURCE GPL-COMPATIBLE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING AGREEMENT CAREFULLY. BY CLICKING ON "ACCEPT" WHERE INDICATED BELOW, OR BY COPYING, INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1 SOFTWARE, YOU ARE DEEMED TO HAVE AGREED TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 P...

  • Python 1.6 License FAQ

    Python 1.6 License FAQ Python 1.6 License FAQ This FAQ addresses questions concerning the CNRI Open Source License and its impact on past and future Python releases. The text below has been approved for posting on the Python website and newsgroup by CNRI's president, Dr. Robert E. Kahn. The old Python license from CWI worked well for almost 10 years. Why a new license for Python 1.6? CNRI claims copyright in Python code and documentation from releases 1.3 through 1.6 inc...

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