without shell

[Tomasz Rola]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Sun, 12 Jun 2005, km wrote:

> hi all,
> 
> can any linux command be invoked/  executed without using shell (bash) ?
> what abt security concerns ? 

Ops, I missed the word "command" when reading your mail for the first
time, and this changes some parts of my previous answer and makes it
shorter:

There is an execve system call. You don't need neither sh, nor the libc to
run programs. It's described in section 2 of manpages. The rest of the
answer you can get from my previous post.

Sorry if I went a bit offtopic in my previous mail. Shouldn't watch tv and
write mails at the same time.

> regards,
> KM

Regards,
Tomasz Rola

- --
** A C programmer asked whether computer had Buddha's nature.      **
** As the answer, master did "rm -rif" on the programmer's home    **
** directory. And then the C programmer became enlightened...      **
**                                                                 **
** Tomasz Rola          mailto:tomasz_rola at bigfoot.com             **

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: PGPfreeware 5.0i for non-commercial use
Charset: noconv

iQA/AwUBQqlr0RETUsyL9vbiEQIocwCfVh1SsT+RegTaxvNjlsCl8FYupe8AoLH5
qci3LXS1w8bq1ZqH7EKL1HuT
=0WoY
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----