[SciPy-Dev] Proposal for some new fitting routines

[Joseph Fox-Rabinovitz]

I have added a function for fitting exponential and power curves. This
seems to
be a fairly common problem (e.g., see the list of selections from stack
exchange
below). The algorithm I have implemented here is objectively better than the
common solution of fitting to log(y) because it requires no up-front
knowledge
of the intercept, or any other estimations.

Assuming that this PR is acceptable, I would like to get some criticism on
where
I chose to put it in the directory structure. My thought was to create a
separate
module for such common non-iterative optimizations.

I am also unsure of whether my citation of the original work is formatted
properly. I would like to make sure that the author gets the credit and
publicity they
deserve. The paper is mentioned (by the author) in answers to [1] and [2]
below.

List of relevant stack exchange questions:

[1]:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3938042/fitting-exponential-decay-with-no-initial-guessing
[2]:
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1337601/fit-exponential-with-constant
[3]:
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/350754/fitting-exponential-curve-to-data
[4]:
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1999069/fit-curve-exponential-maybe-to-experimental-data
[5]:
https://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/87645/exponential-fit-to-data-is-of-low-quality
[6]:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48099026/exponential-curve-fit-will-not-fit
[7]:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/50683768/exponent-curve-fitting-in-python
[8]:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49565152/curve-fit-an-exponential-decay-function-in-python-using-given-data-points
[9]:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21420792/exponential-curve-fitting-in-scipy

Regards,

- Joe
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