[Python-checkins] [3.11] gh-106909: Use role :const: for referencing module constants (GH-106910) (GH-106957)
serhiy-storchaka
webhook-mailer at python.org
Fri Jul 21 07:50:01 EDT 2023
https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/b338ac75405be26b1df6c35e1360a23f0e88f591
commit: b338ac75405be26b1df6c35e1360a23f0e88f591
branch: 3.11
author: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka at gmail.com>
committer: serhiy-storchaka <storchaka at gmail.com>
date: 2023-07-21T14:49:57+03:00
summary:
[3.11] gh-106909: Use role :const: for referencing module constants (GH-106910) (GH-106957)
(cherry picked from commit 4b9948617f91175783609769aa6160e5b49b9ccc)
files:
M Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
M Doc/faq/library.rst
M Doc/install/index.rst
M Doc/library/_thread.rst
M Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
M Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
M Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
M Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
M Doc/library/exceptions.rst
M Doc/library/fcntl.rst
M Doc/library/ftplib.rst
M Doc/library/http.client.rst
M Doc/library/imaplib.rst
M Doc/library/io.rst
M Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
M Doc/library/optparse.rst
M Doc/library/os.rst
M Doc/library/poplib.rst
M Doc/library/shelve.rst
M Doc/library/smtplib.rst
M Doc/library/socket.rst
M Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
M Doc/library/ssl.rst
M Doc/library/sys.rst
M Doc/library/tempfile.rst
M Doc/library/test.rst
M Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
M Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
M Doc/library/xml.rst
M Doc/using/configure.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
M Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0rc1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a3.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
M Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
index 76d32fd1763f5..5dad596f6197f 100644
--- a/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/c-api/exceptions.rst
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ Signal Handling
to interrupt an operation).
If the given signal isn't handled by Python (it was set to
- :data:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :data:`signal.SIG_IGN`), it will be ignored.
+ :py:const:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :py:const:`signal.SIG_IGN`), it will be ignored.
If *signum* is outside of the allowed range of signal numbers, ``-1``
is returned. Otherwise, ``0`` is returned. The error indicator is
diff --git a/Doc/faq/library.rst b/Doc/faq/library.rst
index 597caaa778e1c..b43c7505c0401 100644
--- a/Doc/faq/library.rst
+++ b/Doc/faq/library.rst
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ use ``p.read(n)``.
Note on a bug in popen2: unless your program calls ``wait()`` or
``waitpid()``, finished child processes are never removed, and eventually
calls to popen2 will fail because of a limit on the number of child
- processes. Calling :func:`os.waitpid` with the :data:`os.WNOHANG` option can
+ processes. Calling :func:`os.waitpid` with the :const:`os.WNOHANG` option can
prevent this; a good place to insert such a call would be before calling
``popen2`` again.
diff --git a/Doc/install/index.rst b/Doc/install/index.rst
index b9588df611c59..6c401c4c13d1c 100644
--- a/Doc/install/index.rst
+++ b/Doc/install/index.rst
@@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ install into it. It is enabled with a simple option::
python setup.py install --user
-Files will be installed into subdirectories of :data:`site.USER_BASE` (written
+Files will be installed into subdirectories of :const:`site.USER_BASE` (written
as :file:`{userbase}` hereafter). This scheme installs pure Python modules and
-extension modules in the same location (also known as :data:`site.USER_SITE`).
+extension modules in the same location (also known as :const:`site.USER_SITE`).
Here are the values for UNIX, including macOS:
=============== ===========================================================
diff --git a/Doc/library/_thread.rst b/Doc/library/_thread.rst
index 3d7e354d1e368..21f7847d679af 100644
--- a/Doc/library/_thread.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/_thread.rst
@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ This module defines the following constants and functions:
there is no guarantee that the interruption will happen immediately.
If given, *signum* is the number of the signal to simulate.
- If *signum* is not given, :data:`signal.SIGINT` is simulated.
+ If *signum* is not given, :const:`signal.SIGINT` is simulated.
If the given signal isn't handled by Python (it was set to
- :data:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :data:`signal.SIG_IGN`), this function does
+ :const:`signal.SIG_DFL` or :const:`signal.SIG_IGN`), this function does
nothing.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
index 921a394a59fec..c7d97008fb490 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-dev.rst
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ There are several ways to enable asyncio debug mode:
In addition to enabling the debug mode, consider also:
* setting the log level of the :ref:`asyncio logger <asyncio-logger>` to
- :py:data:`logging.DEBUG`, for example the following snippet of code
+ :py:const:`logging.DEBUG`, for example the following snippet of code
can be run at startup of the application::
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Logging
asyncio uses the :mod:`logging` module and all logging is performed
via the ``"asyncio"`` logger.
-The default log level is :py:data:`logging.INFO`, which can be easily
+The default log level is :py:const:`logging.INFO`, which can be easily
adjusted::
logging.getLogger("asyncio").setLevel(logging.WARNING)
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
index 83fb27060b214..07be0d0eea088 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-eventloop.rst
@@ -397,11 +397,11 @@ Opening network connections
Open a streaming transport connection to a given
address specified by *host* and *port*.
- The socket family can be either :py:data:`~socket.AF_INET` or
- :py:data:`~socket.AF_INET6` depending on *host* (or the *family*
+ The socket family can be either :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET` or
+ :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6` depending on *host* (or the *family*
argument, if provided).
- The socket type will be :py:data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`.
+ The socket type will be :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`.
*protocol_factory* must be a callable returning an
:ref:`asyncio protocol <asyncio-protocol>` implementation.
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ Opening network connections
.. versionchanged:: 3.6
- The socket option :py:data:`~socket.TCP_NODELAY` is set by default
+ The socket option :py:const:`~socket.TCP_NODELAY` is set by default
for all TCP connections.
.. versionchanged:: 3.7
@@ -535,11 +535,11 @@ Opening network connections
Create a datagram connection.
- The socket family can be either :py:data:`~socket.AF_INET`,
- :py:data:`~socket.AF_INET6`, or :py:data:`~socket.AF_UNIX`,
+ The socket family can be either :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET`,
+ :py:const:`~socket.AF_INET6`, or :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`,
depending on *host* (or the *family* argument, if provided).
- The socket type will be :py:data:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`.
+ The socket type will be :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_DGRAM`.
*protocol_factory* must be a callable returning a
:ref:`protocol <asyncio-protocol>` implementation.
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ Opening network connections
* *reuse_port* tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to be bound to the
same port as other existing endpoints are bound to, so long as they all
set this flag when being created. This option is not supported on Windows
- and some Unixes. If the :py:data:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` constant is not
+ and some Unixes. If the :py:const:`~socket.SO_REUSEPORT` constant is not
defined then this capability is unsupported.
* *allow_broadcast* tells the kernel to allow this endpoint to send
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ Opening network connections
.. versionchanged:: 3.8.1
The *reuse_address* parameter is no longer supported, as using
- :py:data:`~sockets.SO_REUSEADDR` poses a significant security concern for
+ :py:const:`~sockets.SO_REUSEADDR` poses a significant security concern for
UDP. Explicitly passing ``reuse_address=True`` will raise an exception.
When multiple processes with differing UIDs assign sockets to an
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ Opening network connections
For supported platforms, *reuse_port* can be used as a replacement for
similar functionality. With *reuse_port*,
- :py:data:`~sockets.SO_REUSEPORT` is used instead, which specifically
+ :py:const:`~sockets.SO_REUSEPORT` is used instead, which specifically
prevents processes with differing UIDs from assigning sockets to the same
socket address.
@@ -617,8 +617,8 @@ Opening network connections
Create a Unix connection.
- The socket family will be :py:data:`~socket.AF_UNIX`; socket
- type will be :py:data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`.
+ The socket family will be :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX`; socket
+ type will be :py:const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`.
A tuple of ``(transport, protocol)`` is returned on success.
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ Creating network servers
ssl_shutdown_timeout=None, \
start_serving=True)
- Create a TCP server (socket type :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`) listening
+ Create a TCP server (socket type :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM`) listening
on *port* of the *host* address.
Returns a :class:`Server` object.
@@ -682,10 +682,10 @@ Creating network servers
be selected (note that if *host* resolves to multiple network interfaces,
a different random port will be selected for each interface).
- * *family* can be set to either :data:`socket.AF_INET` or
- :data:`~socket.AF_INET6` to force the socket to use IPv4 or IPv6.
+ * *family* can be set to either :const:`socket.AF_INET` or
+ :const:`~socket.AF_INET6` to force the socket to use IPv4 or IPv6.
If not set, the *family* will be determined from host name
- (defaults to :data:`~socket.AF_UNSPEC`).
+ (defaults to :const:`~socket.AF_UNSPEC`).
* *flags* is a bitmask for :meth:`getaddrinfo`.
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ Creating network servers
.. versionchanged:: 3.6
Added *ssl_handshake_timeout* and *start_serving* parameters.
- The socket option :py:data:`~socket.TCP_NODELAY` is set by default
+ The socket option :py:const:`~socket.TCP_NODELAY` is set by default
for all TCP connections.
.. versionchanged:: 3.11
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ Creating network servers
start_serving=True)
Similar to :meth:`loop.create_server` but works with the
- :py:data:`~socket.AF_UNIX` socket family.
+ :py:const:`~socket.AF_UNIX` socket family.
*path* is the name of a Unix domain socket, and is required,
unless a *sock* argument is provided. Abstract Unix sockets,
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
index 50ad8a2ab7032..19ec726c1be06 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-platforms.rst
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ All event loops on Windows do not support the following methods:
* :meth:`loop.create_unix_connection` and
:meth:`loop.create_unix_server` are not supported.
- The :data:`socket.AF_UNIX` socket family is specific to Unix.
+ The :const:`socket.AF_UNIX` socket family is specific to Unix.
* :meth:`loop.add_signal_handler` and
:meth:`loop.remove_signal_handler` are not supported.
diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
index 6e04817b1818d..77c3aae43099c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ their completion.
Stop the child process.
- On POSIX systems this method sends :py:data:`signal.SIGTERM` to the
+ On POSIX systems this method sends :py:const:`signal.SIGTERM` to the
child process.
On Windows the Win32 API function :c:func:`TerminateProcess` is
diff --git a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
index d54c49fff6b62..dcfbc486eeb35 100644
--- a/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/exceptions.rst
@@ -659,8 +659,8 @@ depending on the system error code.
Raised when an operation would block on an object (e.g. socket) set
for non-blocking operation.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EAGAIN`, :py:data:`~errno.EALREADY`,
- :py:data:`~errno.EWOULDBLOCK` and :py:data:`~errno.EINPROGRESS`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EAGAIN`, :py:const:`~errno.EALREADY`,
+ :py:const:`~errno.EWOULDBLOCK` and :py:const:`~errno.EINPROGRESS`.
In addition to those of :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`BlockingIOError` can have
one more attribute:
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ depending on the system error code.
.. exception:: ChildProcessError
Raised when an operation on a child process failed.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ECHILD`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECHILD`.
.. exception:: ConnectionError
@@ -688,40 +688,40 @@ depending on the system error code.
A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when trying to write on a
pipe while the other end has been closed, or trying to write on a socket
which has been shutdown for writing.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EPIPE` and :py:data:`~errno.ESHUTDOWN`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EPIPE` and :py:const:`~errno.ESHUTDOWN`.
.. exception:: ConnectionAbortedError
A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection attempt
is aborted by the peer.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ECONNABORTED`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECONNABORTED`.
.. exception:: ConnectionRefusedError
A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection attempt
is refused by the peer.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ECONNREFUSED`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECONNREFUSED`.
.. exception:: ConnectionResetError
A subclass of :exc:`ConnectionError`, raised when a connection is
reset by the peer.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ECONNRESET`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ECONNRESET`.
.. exception:: FileExistsError
Raised when trying to create a file or directory which already exists.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EEXIST`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EEXIST`.
.. exception:: FileNotFoundError
Raised when a file or directory is requested but doesn't exist.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ENOENT`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ENOENT`.
.. exception:: InterruptedError
Raised when a system call is interrupted by an incoming signal.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EINTR`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EINTR`.
.. versionchanged:: 3.5
Python now retries system calls when a syscall is interrupted by a
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ depending on the system error code.
Raised when a file operation (such as :func:`os.remove`) is requested
on a directory.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EISDIR`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EISDIR`.
.. exception:: NotADirectoryError
@@ -740,28 +740,28 @@ depending on the system error code.
something which is not a directory. On most POSIX platforms, it may also be
raised if an operation attempts to open or traverse a non-directory file as if
it were a directory.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ENOTDIR`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ENOTDIR`.
.. exception:: PermissionError
Raised when trying to run an operation without the adequate access
rights - for example filesystem permissions.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.EACCES`,
- :py:data:`~errno.EPERM`, and :py:data:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.EACCES`,
+ :py:const:`~errno.EPERM`, and :py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE`.
.. versionchanged:: 3.11.1
- WASI's :py:data:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE` is now mapped to
+ WASI's :py:const:`~errno.ENOTCAPABLE` is now mapped to
:exc:`PermissionError`.
.. exception:: ProcessLookupError
Raised when a given process doesn't exist.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ESRCH`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ESRCH`.
.. exception:: TimeoutError
Raised when a system function timed out at the system level.
- Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:data:`~errno.ETIMEDOUT`.
+ Corresponds to :c:data:`errno` :py:const:`~errno.ETIMEDOUT`.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
All the above :exc:`OSError` subclasses were added.
diff --git a/Doc/library/fcntl.rst b/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
index c5a7ba0150eb7..13de0c7bc33bf 100644
--- a/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/fcntl.rst
@@ -166,9 +166,9 @@ The module defines the following functions:
which the lock starts, relative to *whence*, and *whence* is as with
:func:`io.IOBase.seek`, specifically:
- * :const:`0` -- relative to the start of the file (:data:`os.SEEK_SET`)
- * :const:`1` -- relative to the current buffer position (:data:`os.SEEK_CUR`)
- * :const:`2` -- relative to the end of the file (:data:`os.SEEK_END`)
+ * :const:`0` -- relative to the start of the file (:const:`os.SEEK_SET`)
+ * :const:`1` -- relative to the current buffer position (:const:`os.SEEK_CUR`)
+ * :const:`2` -- relative to the end of the file (:const:`os.SEEK_END`)
The default for *start* is 0, which means to start at the beginning of the file.
The default for *len* is 0 which means to lock to the end of the file. The
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ using the :func:`flock` call may be better.
.. seealso::
Module :mod:`os`
- If the locking flags :data:`~os.O_SHLOCK` and :data:`~os.O_EXLOCK` are
+ If the locking flags :const:`~os.O_SHLOCK` and :const:`~os.O_EXLOCK` are
present in the :mod:`os` module (on BSD only), the :func:`os.open`
function provides an alternative to the :func:`lockf` and :func:`flock`
functions.
diff --git a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
index 517ea4796c0a4..dcac83bbe777f 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ The module defines the following items:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The class now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. deprecated:: 3.6
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ FTP_TLS Objects
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The method now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. method:: FTP_TLS.ccc()
diff --git a/Doc/library/http.client.rst b/Doc/library/http.client.rst
index df99ab99826e9..87433ddbd7497 100644
--- a/Doc/library/http.client.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/http.client.rst
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ The module provides the following classes:
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
This class now supports HTTPS virtual hosts if possible (that is,
- if :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true).
+ if :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true).
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The *strict* parameter was removed. HTTP 0.9-style "Simple Responses" are
diff --git a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
index 0c10e7afee401..594c6b1a3803a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/imaplib.rst
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ There's also a subclass for secure connections:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The class now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. deprecated:: 3.6
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ An :class:`IMAP4` instance has the following methods:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The method now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. method:: IMAP4.status(mailbox, names)
diff --git a/Doc/library/io.rst b/Doc/library/io.rst
index c9249da1c3c3d..7eec1f87583b8 100644
--- a/Doc/library/io.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/io.rst
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ I/O Base Classes
.. versionadded:: 3.3
Some operating systems could support additional values, like
- :data:`os.SEEK_HOLE` or :data:`os.SEEK_DATA`. The valid values
+ :const:`os.SEEK_HOLE` or :const:`os.SEEK_DATA`. The valid values
for a file could depend on it being open in text or binary mode.
.. method:: seekable()
diff --git a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
index 26b057f297bf7..6cbbcbf1b804a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/multiprocessing.rst
@@ -2682,7 +2682,7 @@ handler type) for messages from different processes to get mixed up.
Returns the logger used by :mod:`multiprocessing`. If necessary, a new one
will be created.
- When first created the logger has level :data:`logging.NOTSET` and no
+ When first created the logger has level :const:`logging.NOTSET` and no
default handler. Messages sent to this logger will not by default propagate
to the root logger.
diff --git a/Doc/library/optparse.rst b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
index f3b3a43f3c44a..6ab61ba1d13e0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/optparse.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/optparse.rst
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ The first step in using :mod:`optparse` is to create an OptionParser instance.
help option. When :mod:`optparse` prints the usage string, it expands
``%prog`` to ``os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])`` (or to ``prog`` if you
passed that keyword argument). To suppress a usage message, pass the
- special value :data:`optparse.SUPPRESS_USAGE`.
+ special value :const:`optparse.SUPPRESS_USAGE`.
``option_list`` (default: ``[]``)
A list of Option objects to populate the parser with. The options in
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ relevant to a particular option, or fail to pass a required option attribute,
Help text to print for this option when listing all available options after
the user supplies a :attr:`~Option.help` option (such as ``--help``). If
no help text is supplied, the option will be listed without help text. To
- hide this option, use the special value :data:`optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`.
+ hide this option, use the special value :const:`optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`.
.. attribute:: Option.metavar
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ must specify for any option using that action.
If no :attr:`~Option.help` string is supplied for an option, it will still be
listed in the help message. To omit an option entirely, use the special value
- :data:`optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`.
+ :const:`optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP`.
:mod:`optparse` automatically adds a :attr:`~Option.help` option to all
OptionParsers, so you do not normally need to create one.
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@ OptionParser supports several other public methods:
Set the usage string according to the rules described above for the ``usage``
constructor keyword argument. Passing ``None`` sets the default usage
- string; use :data:`optparse.SUPPRESS_USAGE` to suppress a usage message.
+ string; use :const:`optparse.SUPPRESS_USAGE` to suppress a usage message.
.. method:: OptionParser.print_usage(file=None)
diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index 31946f1a12b9d..283dc5ad1541a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ process and user.
:data:`environ` and :data:`environb` are synchronized (modifying
:data:`environb` updates :data:`environ`, and vice versa).
- :data:`environb` is only available if :data:`supports_bytes_environ` is
+ :data:`environb` is only available if :const:`supports_bytes_environ` is
``True``.
.. versionadded:: 3.2
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ process and user.
future environment changes.
- :func:`getenvb` is only available if :data:`supports_bytes_environ`
+ :func:`getenvb` is only available if :const:`supports_bytes_environ`
is ``True``.
.. availability:: Unix.
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ as internal buffering of data.
If *offset_src* is None, then *src* is read from the current position;
respectively for *offset_dst*. The files pointed by *src* and *dst*
must reside in the same filesystem, otherwise an :exc:`OSError` is
- raised with :attr:`~OSError.errno` set to :data:`errno.EXDEV`.
+ raised with :attr:`~OSError.errno` set to :const:`errno.EXDEV`.
This copy is done without the additional cost of transferring data
from the kernel to user space and then back into the kernel. Additionally,
@@ -1071,7 +1071,7 @@ as internal buffering of data.
.. versionadded:: 3.3
Some operating systems could support additional values, like
- :data:`os.SEEK_HOLE` or :data:`os.SEEK_DATA`.
+ :const:`os.SEEK_HOLE` or :const:`os.SEEK_DATA`.
.. function:: open(path, flags, mode=0o777, *, dir_fd=None)
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windo
If some data was successfully read, it will return the number of bytes read.
If no bytes were read, it will return ``-1`` and set errno to
- :data:`errno.EAGAIN`.
+ :const:`errno.EAGAIN`.
.. availability:: Linux >= 4.14.
@@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ or `the MSDN <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/z0kc8e3z.aspx>`_ on Windo
*offset_dst*. The offset associated to the file descriptor that refers to a
pipe must be ``None``. The files pointed by *src* and *dst* must reside in
the same filesystem, otherwise an :exc:`OSError` is raised with
- :attr:`~OSError.errno` set to :data:`errno.EXDEV`.
+ :attr:`~OSError.errno` set to :const:`errno.EXDEV`.
This copy is done without the additional cost of transferring data
from the kernel to user space and then back into the kernel. Additionally,
@@ -1846,18 +1846,18 @@ features:
Set the flags of *path* to the numeric *flags*. *flags* may take a combination
(bitwise OR) of the following values (as defined in the :mod:`stat` module):
- * :data:`stat.UF_NODUMP`
- * :data:`stat.UF_IMMUTABLE`
- * :data:`stat.UF_APPEND`
- * :data:`stat.UF_OPAQUE`
- * :data:`stat.UF_NOUNLINK`
- * :data:`stat.UF_COMPRESSED`
- * :data:`stat.UF_HIDDEN`
- * :data:`stat.SF_ARCHIVED`
- * :data:`stat.SF_IMMUTABLE`
- * :data:`stat.SF_APPEND`
- * :data:`stat.SF_NOUNLINK`
- * :data:`stat.SF_SNAPSHOT`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_NODUMP`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_IMMUTABLE`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_APPEND`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_OPAQUE`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_NOUNLINK`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_COMPRESSED`
+ * :const:`stat.UF_HIDDEN`
+ * :const:`stat.SF_ARCHIVED`
+ * :const:`stat.SF_IMMUTABLE`
+ * :const:`stat.SF_APPEND`
+ * :const:`stat.SF_NOUNLINK`
+ * :const:`stat.SF_SNAPSHOT`
This function can support :ref:`not following symlinks <follow_symlinks>`.
@@ -1878,25 +1878,25 @@ features:
following values (as defined in the :mod:`stat` module) or bitwise ORed
combinations of them:
- * :data:`stat.S_ISUID`
- * :data:`stat.S_ISGID`
- * :data:`stat.S_ENFMT`
- * :data:`stat.S_ISVTX`
- * :data:`stat.S_IREAD`
- * :data:`stat.S_IWRITE`
- * :data:`stat.S_IEXEC`
- * :data:`stat.S_IRWXU`
- * :data:`stat.S_IRUSR`
- * :data:`stat.S_IWUSR`
- * :data:`stat.S_IXUSR`
- * :data:`stat.S_IRWXG`
- * :data:`stat.S_IRGRP`
- * :data:`stat.S_IWGRP`
- * :data:`stat.S_IXGRP`
- * :data:`stat.S_IRWXO`
- * :data:`stat.S_IROTH`
- * :data:`stat.S_IWOTH`
- * :data:`stat.S_IXOTH`
+ * :const:`stat.S_ISUID`
+ * :const:`stat.S_ISGID`
+ * :const:`stat.S_ENFMT`
+ * :const:`stat.S_ISVTX`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IREAD`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IWRITE`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IEXEC`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IRWXU`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IRUSR`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IWUSR`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IXUSR`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IRWXG`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IRGRP`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IWGRP`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IXGRP`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IRWXO`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IROTH`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IWOTH`
+ * :const:`stat.S_IXOTH`
This function can support :ref:`specifying a file descriptor <path_fd>`,
:ref:`paths relative to directory descriptors <dir_fd>` and :ref:`not
@@ -3920,8 +3920,8 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
Send signal *sig* to the process *pid*. Constants for the specific signals
available on the host platform are defined in the :mod:`signal` module.
- Windows: The :data:`signal.CTRL_C_EVENT` and
- :data:`signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT` signals are special signals which can
+ Windows: The :const:`signal.CTRL_C_EVENT` and
+ :const:`signal.CTRL_BREAK_EVENT` signals are special signals which can
only be sent to console processes which share a common console window,
e.g., some subprocesses. Any other value for *sig* will cause the process
to be unconditionally killed by the TerminateProcess API, and the exit code
@@ -4414,7 +4414,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
* :attr:`!si_pid` (process ID)
* :attr:`!si_uid` (real user ID of the child)
- * :attr:`!si_signo` (always :data:`~signal.SIGCHLD`)
+ * :attr:`!si_signo` (always :const:`~signal.SIGCHLD`)
* :attr:`!si_status` (the exit status or signal number, depending on :attr:`!si_code`)
* :attr:`!si_code` (see :data:`CLD_EXITED` for possible values)
@@ -4652,7 +4652,7 @@ used to determine the disposition of a process.
.. function:: WIFCONTINUED(status)
Return ``True`` if a stopped child has been resumed by delivery of
- :data:`~signal.SIGCONT` (if the process has been continued from a job
+ :const:`~signal.SIGCONT` (if the process has been continued from a job
control stop), otherwise return ``False``.
See :data:`WCONTINUED` option.
@@ -5024,7 +5024,7 @@ Random numbers
``/dev/urandom`` devices.
The flags argument is a bit mask that can contain zero or more of the
- following values ORed together: :py:data:`os.GRND_RANDOM` and
+ following values ORed together: :py:const:`os.GRND_RANDOM` and
:py:data:`GRND_NONBLOCK`.
See also the `Linux getrandom() manual page
diff --git a/Doc/library/poplib.rst b/Doc/library/poplib.rst
index e22a2e1455e7f..c9ada42447e8a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/poplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/poplib.rst
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ The :mod:`poplib` module provides two classes:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The class now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. deprecated:: 3.6
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ A :class:`POP3` instance has the following methods:
This method supports hostname checking via
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. versionadded:: 3.4
diff --git a/Doc/library/shelve.rst b/Doc/library/shelve.rst
index dc87af398ed75..01314f491f47a 100644
--- a/Doc/library/shelve.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/shelve.rst
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ lots of shared sub-objects. The keys are ordinary strings.
database file is opened for reading and writing. The optional *flag* parameter
has the same interpretation as the *flag* parameter of :func:`dbm.open`.
- By default, pickles created with :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used
+ By default, pickles created with :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used
to serialize values. The version of the pickle protocol can be specified
with the *protocol* parameter.
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ lots of shared sub-objects. The keys are ordinary strings.
mutated).
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
- :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` is now used as the default pickle
+ :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` is now used as the default pickle
protocol.
.. versionchanged:: 3.11
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Restrictions
A subclass of :class:`collections.abc.MutableMapping` which stores pickled
values in the *dict* object.
- By default, pickles created with :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used
+ By default, pickles created with :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` are used
to serialize values. The version of the pickle protocol can be specified
with the *protocol* parameter. See the :mod:`pickle` documentation for a
discussion of the pickle protocols.
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Restrictions
Added context manager support.
.. versionchanged:: 3.10
- :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` is now used as the default pickle
+ :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` is now used as the default pickle
protocol.
diff --git a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
index a2815059ad66e..67cd5b000afb7 100644
--- a/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/smtplib.rst
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ Protocol) and :rfc:`1869` (SMTP Service Extensions).
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The class now supports hostname check with
:attr:`ssl.SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indication* (see
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. deprecated:: 3.6
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ An :class:`SMTP` instance has the following methods:
.. versionchanged:: 3.4
The method now supports hostname check with
:attr:`SSLContext.check_hostname` and *Server Name Indicator* (see
- :data:`~ssl.HAS_SNI`).
+ :const:`~ssl.HAS_SNI`).
.. versionchanged:: 3.5
The error raised for lack of STARTTLS support is now the
diff --git a/Doc/library/socket.rst b/Doc/library/socket.rst
index 19b4a1ee59c28..2e129175636f2 100644
--- a/Doc/library/socket.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/socket.rst
@@ -2153,7 +2153,7 @@ This is because the previous execution has left the socket in a ``TIME_WAIT``
state, and can't be immediately reused.
There is a :mod:`socket` flag to set, in order to prevent this,
-:data:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR`::
+:const:`socket.SO_REUSEADDR`::
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
diff --git a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
index 06f5293fbdbd1..13e61b3d68006 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sqlite3.rst
@@ -1643,9 +1643,9 @@ Blob objects
.. method:: seek(offset, origin=os.SEEK_SET, /)
Set the current access position of the blob to *offset*. The *origin*
- argument defaults to :data:`os.SEEK_SET` (absolute blob positioning).
- Other values for *origin* are :data:`os.SEEK_CUR` (seek relative to the
- current position) and :data:`os.SEEK_END` (seek relative to the blob’s
+ argument defaults to :const:`os.SEEK_SET` (absolute blob positioning).
+ Other values for *origin* are :const:`os.SEEK_CUR` (seek relative to the
+ current position) and :const:`os.SEEK_END` (seek relative to the blob’s
end).
diff --git a/Doc/library/ssl.rst b/Doc/library/ssl.rst
index 289dd0b51dea1..a0936747db5a0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ssl.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ssl.rst
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ purposes.
The settings are: :data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` or
:data:`PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`, :data:`OP_NO_SSLv2`, and :data:`OP_NO_SSLv3`
with high encryption cipher suites without RC4 and
- without unauthenticated cipher suites. Passing :data:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH`
+ without unauthenticated cipher suites. Passing :const:`~Purpose.SERVER_AUTH`
as *purpose* sets :data:`~SSLContext.verify_mode` to :data:`CERT_REQUIRED`
and either loads CA certificates (when at least one of *cafile*, *capath* or
*cadata* is given) or uses :meth:`SSLContext.load_default_certs` to load
@@ -1579,9 +1579,9 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
load CA certificates from other locations, too.
The *purpose* flag specifies what kind of CA certificates are loaded. The
- default settings :data:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` loads certificates, that are
+ default settings :const:`Purpose.SERVER_AUTH` loads certificates, that are
flagged and trusted for TLS web server authentication (client side
- sockets). :data:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` loads CA certificates for client
+ sockets). :const:`Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH` loads CA certificates for client
certificate verification on the server side.
.. versionadded:: 3.4
@@ -1824,7 +1824,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
Wrap an existing Python socket *sock* and return an instance of
:attr:`SSLContext.sslsocket_class` (default :class:`SSLSocket`). The
returned SSL socket is tied to the context, its settings and certificates.
- *sock* must be a :data:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other
+ *sock* must be a :const:`~socket.SOCK_STREAM` socket; other
socket types are unsupported.
The parameter ``server_side`` is a boolean which identifies whether
diff --git a/Doc/library/sys.rst b/Doc/library/sys.rst
index 643cdb876ee3c..718dc48e804c0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/sys.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ always available.
Return the current value of the flags that are used for
:c:func:`dlopen` calls. Symbolic names for the flag values can be
found in the :mod:`os` module (``RTLD_xxx`` constants, e.g.
- :data:`os.RTLD_LAZY`).
+ :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`).
.. availability:: Unix.
@@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ always available.
``sys.setdlopenflags(0)``. To share symbols across extension modules, call as
``sys.setdlopenflags(os.RTLD_GLOBAL)``. Symbolic names for the flag values
can be found in the :mod:`os` module (``RTLD_xxx`` constants, e.g.
- :data:`os.RTLD_LAZY`).
+ :const:`os.RTLD_LAZY`).
.. availability:: Unix.
diff --git a/Doc/library/tempfile.rst b/Doc/library/tempfile.rst
index c17ead1510e7e..84a6f8887954c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/tempfile.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/tempfile.rst
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ The module defines the following user-callable items:
platforms, it is a file-like object whose :attr:`!file` attribute is the
underlying true file object.
- The :py:data:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is used if it is available and works
+ The :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is used if it is available and works
(Linux-specific, requires Linux kernel 3.11 or later).
On platforms that are neither Posix nor Cygwin, TemporaryFile is an alias
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ The module defines the following user-callable items:
.. versionchanged:: 3.5
- The :py:data:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is now used if available.
+ The :py:const:`os.O_TMPFILE` flag is now used if available.
.. versionchanged:: 3.8
Added *errors* parameter.
diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst
index 73d1178906a8c..427953e0077aa 100644
--- a/Doc/library/test.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/test.rst
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following functions:
.. function:: with_pymalloc()
- Return :data:`_testcapi.WITH_PYMALLOC`.
+ Return :const:`_testcapi.WITH_PYMALLOC`.
.. function:: requires(resource, msg=None)
diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
index 4f06e836d5728..8d877165a0974 100644
--- a/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst
@@ -2436,7 +2436,7 @@ behaviour you can switch it off by setting the module level switch
Alternatively you can just use ``vars(my_mock)`` (instance members) and
``dir(type(my_mock))`` (type members) to bypass the filtering irrespective of
-:data:`mock.FILTER_DIR`.
+:const:`mock.FILTER_DIR`.
mock_open
diff --git a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
index 1b05458280d89..35b8f5b471dd9 100644
--- a/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/urllib.request.rst
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ The :mod:`urllib.request` module defines the following functions:
.. versionchanged:: 3.2
HTTPS virtual hosts are now supported if possible (that is, if
- :data:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true).
+ :const:`ssl.HAS_SNI` is true).
.. versionadded:: 3.2
*data* can be an iterable object.
diff --git a/Doc/library/xml.rst b/Doc/library/xml.rst
index 20b0905bb1093..cf30de67719b9 100644
--- a/Doc/library/xml.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/xml.rst
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ decompression bomb Safe Safe Safe
1. Expat 2.4.1 and newer is not vulnerable to the "billion laughs" and
"quadratic blowup" vulnerabilities. Items still listed as vulnerable due to
potential reliance on system-provided libraries. Check
- :data:`pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`.
+ :const:`pyexpat.EXPAT_VERSION`.
2. :mod:`xml.etree.ElementTree` doesn't expand external entities and raises a
:exc:`ParserError` when an entity occurs.
3. :mod:`xml.dom.minidom` doesn't expand external entities and simply returns
diff --git a/Doc/using/configure.rst b/Doc/using/configure.rst
index 2f31910a5958c..468228f12cfa0 100644
--- a/Doc/using/configure.rst
+++ b/Doc/using/configure.rst
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ General Options
.. cmdoption:: --with-tzpath=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>
- Select the default time zone search path for :data:`zoneinfo.TZPATH`.
+ Select the default time zone search path for :const:`zoneinfo.TZPATH`.
See the :ref:`Compile-time configuration
<zoneinfo_data_compile_time_config>` of the :mod:`zoneinfo` module.
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ General Options
Build the ``_decimal`` extension module using a thread-local context rather
than a coroutine-local context (default), see the :mod:`decimal` module.
- See :data:`decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR` and the :mod:`contextvars` module.
+ See :const:`decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR` and the :mod:`contextvars` module.
.. versionadded:: 3.9
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
index 3cbab8d567bfa..ba6aebafd59d9 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.7.rst
@@ -1555,9 +1555,9 @@ changes, or look through the Subversion logs for all the details.
:issue:`8484`.)
The version of OpenSSL being used is now available as the module
- attributes :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
- :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and
- :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added by Antoine
+ attributes :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
+ :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and
+ :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer). (Added by Antoine
Pitrou; :issue:`8321`.)
* The :mod:`struct` module will no longer silently ignore overflow
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
index b0b570be8947b..56b8ff36bee77 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.10.rst
@@ -1252,8 +1252,8 @@ descriptors without copying between kernel address space and user
address space, where one of the file descriptors must refer to a
pipe. (Contributed by Pablo Galindo in :issue:`41625`.)
-Add :data:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :data:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :data:`~os.O_SYMLINK`
-and :data:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS.
+Add :const:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :const:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :const:`~os.O_SYMLINK`
+and :const:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS.
(Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`43106`.)
os.path
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ objects in the tree returned by :func:`pyclbr.readline` and
shelve
------
-The :mod:`shelve` module now uses :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by default
+The :mod:`shelve` module now uses :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by default
instead of :mod:`pickle` protocol ``3`` when creating shelves.
(Contributed by Zackery Spytz in :issue:`34204`.)
@@ -1355,7 +1355,7 @@ The ssl module requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 or newer.
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :pep:`644` and :issue:`43669`.)
The ssl module has preliminary support for OpenSSL 3.0.0 and new option
-:data:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF`.
+:const:`~ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF`.
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`38820`, :issue:`43794`,
:issue:`43788`, :issue:`43791`, :issue:`43799`, :issue:`43920`,
:issue:`43789`, and :issue:`43811`.)
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ Add a *timeout* parameter to the :func:`ssl.get_server_certificate` function.
The ssl module uses heap-types and multi-phase initialization.
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`42333`.)
-A new verify flag :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` has been added.
+A new verify flag :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_PARTIAL_CHAIN` has been added.
(Contributed by l0x in :issue:`40849`.)
sqlite3
@@ -1412,7 +1412,7 @@ _thread
-------
:func:`_thread.interrupt_main` now takes an optional signal number to
-simulate (the default is still :data:`signal.SIGINT`).
+simulate (the default is still :const:`signal.SIGINT`).
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`43356`.)
threading
@@ -1756,8 +1756,8 @@ Deprecated
* :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2`, :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3`,
:data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`, :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1`,
:data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1`, :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2`, and
- :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS` are deprecated in favor of
- :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` and :data:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`
+ :const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS` are deprecated in favor of
+ :const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT` and :const:`~ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`
* :func:`~ssl.wrap_socket` is replaced by :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
index 973ce154bbdad..c437c5bfb6120 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ enum
* Added the :func:`~enum.global_enum` enum decorator,
which adjusts :meth:`~object.__repr__` and :meth:`~object.__str__`
to show values as members of their module rather than the enum class.
- For example, ``'re.ASCII'`` for the :data:`~re.ASCII` member
+ For example, ``'re.ASCII'`` for the :const:`~re.ASCII` member
of :class:`re.RegexFlag` rather than ``'RegexFlag.ASCII'``.
* Enhanced :class:`~enum.Flag` to support
@@ -1065,8 +1065,8 @@ threading
* On Unix, if the ``sem_clockwait()`` function is available in the C library
(glibc 2.30 and newer), the :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` method now uses
- the monotonic clock (:data:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the timeout, rather
- than using the system clock (:data:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), to not be affected
+ the monotonic clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the timeout, rather
+ than using the system clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), to not be affected
by system clock changes.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`41710`.)
@@ -1814,7 +1814,7 @@ Standard Library
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`91760`.)
* In the :mod:`re` module, the :func:`!re.template` function
- and the corresponding :data:`!re.TEMPLATE` and :data:`!re.T` flags
+ and the corresponding :const:`!re.TEMPLATE` and :const:`!re.T` flags
are deprecated, as they were undocumented and lacked an obvious purpose.
They will be removed in Python 3.13.
(Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka and Miro Hrončok in :gh:`92728`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
index 2e4c8ee45df84..2c176926e55e1 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
@@ -1664,9 +1664,9 @@ for secure (encrypted, authenticated) internet connections:
algorithm" error.
* The version of OpenSSL being used is now accessible using the module
- attributes :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
- :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and
- :data:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer).
+ attributes :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION` (a string),
+ :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO` (a 5-tuple), and
+ :const:`ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER` (an integer).
(Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`8850`, :issue:`1589`, :issue:`8322`,
:issue:`5639`, :issue:`4870`, :issue:`8484`, and :issue:`8321`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
index 9bbf52c555178..782048c397f97 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ Builtin functions and types
* :func:`open` gets a new *opener* parameter: the underlying file descriptor
for the file object is then obtained by calling *opener* with (*file*,
- *flags*). It can be used to use custom flags like :data:`os.O_CLOEXEC` for
+ *flags*). It can be used to use custom flags like :const:`os.O_CLOEXEC` for
example. The ``'x'`` mode was added: open for exclusive creation, failing if
the file already exists.
* :func:`print`: added the *flush* keyword argument. If the *flush* keyword
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ Features
* If Python is compiled without threads, the C version automatically
disables the expensive thread local context machinery. In this case,
- the variable :data:`~decimal.HAVE_THREADS` is set to ``False``.
+ the variable :const:`~decimal.HAVE_THREADS` is set to ``False``.
API changes
~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -1575,8 +1575,8 @@ os
--
* The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.pipe2` function that makes it
- possible to create a pipe with :data:`~os.O_CLOEXEC` or
- :data:`~os.O_NONBLOCK` flags set atomically. This is especially useful to
+ possible to create a pipe with :const:`~os.O_CLOEXEC` or
+ :const:`~os.O_NONBLOCK` flags set atomically. This is especially useful to
avoid race conditions in multi-threaded programs.
* The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.sendfile` function which provides
@@ -1690,9 +1690,9 @@ os
* Some platforms now support additional constants for the :func:`~os.lseek`
function, such as ``os.SEEK_HOLE`` and ``os.SEEK_DATA``.
-* New constants :data:`~os.RTLD_LAZY`, :data:`~os.RTLD_NOW`,
- :data:`~os.RTLD_GLOBAL`, :data:`~os.RTLD_LOCAL`, :data:`~os.RTLD_NODELETE`,
- :data:`~os.RTLD_NOLOAD`, and :data:`~os.RTLD_DEEPBIND` are available on
+* New constants :const:`~os.RTLD_LAZY`, :const:`~os.RTLD_NOW`,
+ :const:`~os.RTLD_GLOBAL`, :const:`~os.RTLD_LOCAL`, :const:`~os.RTLD_NODELETE`,
+ :const:`~os.RTLD_NOLOAD`, and :const:`~os.RTLD_DEEPBIND` are available on
platforms that support them. These are for use with the
:func:`sys.setdlopenflags` function, and supersede the similar constants
defined in :mod:`ctypes` and :mod:`DLFCN`. (Contributed by Victor Stinner
@@ -1994,7 +1994,7 @@ subprocess
Command strings can now be bytes objects on posix platforms. (Contributed by
Victor Stinner in :issue:`8513`.)
-A new constant :data:`~subprocess.DEVNULL` allows suppressing output in a
+A new constant :const:`~subprocess.DEVNULL` allows suppressing output in a
platform-independent fashion. (Contributed by Ross Lagerwall in
:issue:`5870`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
index 7436a552f529e..b0d0417447691 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ of a given opcode and argument, information that is not otherwise available.
doctest
-------
-A new :ref:`option flag <doctest-options>`, :data:`~doctest.FAIL_FAST`, halts
+A new :ref:`option flag <doctest-options>`, :const:`~doctest.FAIL_FAST`, halts
test running as soon as the first failure is detected. (Contributed by R.
David Murray and Daniel Urban in :issue:`16522`.)
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ for example, if the file might have been changed and re-checked in less time
than the resolution of a particular filesystem's file modification time field.
(Contributed by Mark Levitt in :issue:`18149`.)
-New module attribute :data:`~filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES` provides the list of
+New module attribute :const:`~filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES` provides the list of
directories that are used as the default value for the *ignore* parameter of
the :func:`~filecmp.dircmp` function. (Contributed by Eli Bendersky in
:issue:`15442`.)
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ Windows). (Contributed by Brian Curtin in :issue:`11939`.)
root on Windows. (Contributed by Tim Golden in :issue:`9035`.)
:func:`os.open` supports two new flags on platforms that provide them,
-:data:`~os.O_PATH` (un-opened file descriptor), and :data:`~os.O_TMPFILE`
+:const:`~os.O_PATH` (un-opened file descriptor), and :const:`~os.O_TMPFILE`
(unnamed temporary file; as of 3.4.0 release available only on Linux systems
with a kernel version of 3.11 or newer that have uapi headers). (Contributed
by Christian Heimes in :issue:`18673` and Benjamin Peterson, respectively.)
@@ -1238,8 +1238,8 @@ plistlib
stdlib serialization protocols, with new :func:`~plistlib.load`,
:func:`~plistlib.dump`, :func:`~plistlib.loads`, and :func:`~plistlib.dumps`
functions. (The older API is now deprecated.) In addition to the already
-supported XML plist format (:data:`~plistlib.FMT_XML`), it also now supports
-the binary plist format (:data:`~plistlib.FMT_BINARY`). (Contributed by Ronald
+supported XML plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_XML`), it also now supports
+the binary plist format (:const:`~plistlib.FMT_BINARY`). (Contributed by Ronald
Oussoren and others in :issue:`14455`.)
@@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ try/except statement by code that only cares whether or not an error occurred.
socket
------
-The socket module now supports the :data:`~socket.CAN_BCM` protocol on
+The socket module now supports the :const:`~socket.CAN_BCM` protocol on
platforms that support it. (Contributed by Brian Thorne in :issue:`15359`.)
Socket objects have new methods to get or set their :ref:`inheritable flag
@@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ The ``socket.AF_*`` and ``socket.SOCK_*`` constants are now enumeration values
using the new :mod:`enum` module. This allows meaningful names to be printed
during debugging, instead of integer "magic numbers".
-The :data:`~socket.AF_LINK` constant is now available on BSD and OSX.
+The :const:`~socket.AF_LINK` constant is now available on BSD and OSX.
:func:`~socket.inet_pton` and :func:`~socket.inet_ntop` are now supported
on Windows. (Contributed by Atsuo Ishimoto in :issue:`7171`.)
@@ -1460,8 +1460,8 @@ Heimes in :issue:`18147`.)
If OpenSSL 0.9.8 or later is available, :class:`~ssl.SSLContext` has a new
attribute :attr:`~ssl.SSLContext.verify_flags` that can be used to control the
certificate verification process by setting it to some combination of the new
-constants :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT`, :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF`,
-:data:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN`, or :data:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`.
+constants :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT`, :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF`,
+:const:`~ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN`, or :const:`~ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT`.
OpenSSL does not do any CRL verification by default. (Contributed by
Christien Heimes in :issue:`8813`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
index fb64135e1ee38..23d2f6562aab8 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.5.rst
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ not make an additional system call::
PEP 475: Retry system calls failing with EINTR
----------------------------------------------
-An :py:data:`errno.EINTR` error code is returned whenever a system call, that
+An :py:const:`errno.EINTR` error code is returned whenever a system call, that
is waiting for I/O, is interrupted by a signal. Previously, Python would
raise :exc:`InterruptedError` in such cases. This meant that, when writing a
Python application, the developer had two choices:
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ by a signal:
:func:`~os.writev`;
* special cases: :func:`os.close` and :func:`os.dup2` now ignore
- :py:data:`~errno.EINTR` errors; the syscall is not retried (see the PEP
+ :py:const:`~errno.EINTR` errors; the syscall is not retried (see the PEP
for the rationale);
* :mod:`select` functions: :func:`devpoll.poll() <select.devpoll.poll>`,
@@ -1498,7 +1498,7 @@ use ``/dev/urandom`` and avoiding failures due to potential file descriptor
exhaustion. (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22181`.)
New :func:`~os.get_blocking` and :func:`~os.set_blocking` functions allow
-getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking mode (:data:`~os.O_NONBLOCK`.)
+getting and setting a file descriptor's blocking mode (:const:`~os.O_NONBLOCK`.)
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`22054`.)
The :func:`~os.truncate` and :func:`~os.ftruncate` functions are now supported
@@ -1783,7 +1783,7 @@ the TLS handshake.
The new
:meth:`SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol() <ssl.SSLSocket.selected_alpn_protocol>`
returns the protocol that was selected during the TLS handshake.
-The :data:`~ssl.HAS_ALPN` flag indicates whether ALPN support is present.
+The :const:`~ssl.HAS_ALPN` flag indicates whether ALPN support is present.
Other Changes
@@ -2476,7 +2476,7 @@ Changes in the Python API
in Python 3.5, all old ``.pyo`` files from previous versions of Python are
invalid regardless of this PEP.
-* The :mod:`socket` module now exports the :data:`~socket.CAN_RAW_FD_FRAMES`
+* The :mod:`socket` module now exports the :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_FD_FRAMES`
constant on linux 3.6 and greater.
* The :func:`ssl.cert_time_to_seconds` function now interprets the input time
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
index 20c43e0e04a3c..1b7cef14d912e 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@ socket
------
The :func:`~socket.socket.ioctl` function now supports the
-:data:`~socket.SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH` control code.
+:const:`~socket.SIO_LOOPBACK_FAST_PATH` control code.
(Contributed by Daniel Stokes in :issue:`26536`.)
The :meth:`~socket.socket.getsockopt` constants ``SO_DOMAIN``,
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ The :meth:`~socket.socket.setsockopt` now supports the
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`27744`.)
The socket module now supports the address family
-:data:`~socket.AF_ALG` to interface with Linux Kernel crypto API. ``ALG_*``,
+:const:`~socket.AF_ALG` to interface with Linux Kernel crypto API. ``ALG_*``,
``SOL_ALG`` and :meth:`~socket.socket.sendmsg_afalg` were added.
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`27744` with support from
Victor Stinner.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
index de03e5bedeaa3..d00c55a776613 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.7.rst
@@ -1280,13 +1280,13 @@ This function should be used instead of :func:`os.close` for better
compatibility across platforms.
(Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`32454`.)
-The :mod:`socket` module now exposes the :data:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION`
-(Linux 2.6.13), :data:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37), and
-:data:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) constants.
+The :mod:`socket` module now exposes the :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION`
+(Linux 2.6.13), :const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37), and
+:const:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) constants.
(Contributed by Omar Sandoval in :issue:`26273` and
Nathaniel J. Smith in :issue:`29728`.)
-Support for :data:`socket.AF_VSOCK` sockets has been added to allow
+Support for :const:`socket.AF_VSOCK` sockets has been added to allow
communication between virtual machines and their hosts.
(Contributed by Cathy Avery in :issue:`27584`.)
@@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ subprocess
The :func:`subprocess.run` function accepts the new *capture_output*
keyword argument. When true, stdout and stderr will be captured.
-This is equivalent to passing :data:`subprocess.PIPE` as *stdout* and
+This is equivalent to passing :const:`subprocess.PIPE` as *stdout* and
*stderr* arguments.
(Contributed by Bo Bayles in :issue:`32102`.)
@@ -1453,12 +1453,12 @@ time
New clock identifiers have been added:
-* :data:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME` (Linux): Identical to
- :data:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, except it also includes any time that the
+* :const:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME` (Linux): Identical to
+ :const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`, except it also includes any time that the
system is suspended.
-* :data:`time.CLOCK_PROF` (FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD): High-resolution
+* :const:`time.CLOCK_PROF` (FreeBSD, NetBSD and OpenBSD): High-resolution
per-process CPU timer.
-* :data:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME` (FreeBSD, OpenBSD): Time whose absolute value is
+* :const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME` (FreeBSD, OpenBSD): Time whose absolute value is
the time the system has been running and not suspended, providing accurate
uptime measurement.
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
index 90220dfb0c054..99291ba48390c 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst
@@ -1302,7 +1302,7 @@ Zackery Spytz in :issue:`25451`.)
time
----
-Added new clock :data:`~time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` for macOS 10.12.
+Added new clock :const:`~time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` for macOS 10.12.
(Contributed by Joannah Nanjekye in :issue:`35702`.)
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
index c7466c13a4048..1f0fbbc219666 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst
@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ digests. It skips MD5 on platforms that block MD5 digest.
fcntl
-----
-Added constants :data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK`
-and :data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW`.
+Added constants :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK`
+and :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW`.
(Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`38602`.)
ftplib
@@ -593,11 +593,11 @@ a non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`39259`.)
os
--
-Added :data:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :data:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` for :attr:`si_code`.
+Added :const:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :const:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` for :attr:`si_code`.
(Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`38493`.)
Exposed the Linux-specific :func:`os.pidfd_open` (:issue:`38692`) and
-:data:`os.P_PIDFD` (:issue:`38713`) for process management with file
+:const:`os.P_PIDFD` (:issue:`38713`) for process management with file
descriptors.
The :func:`os.unsetenv` function is now also available on Windows.
@@ -669,11 +669,11 @@ a non-blocking socket. (Contributed by Dong-hee Na in :issue:`39259`.)
socket
------
-The :mod:`socket` module now exports the :data:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS`
+The :mod:`socket` module now exports the :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS`
constant on Linux 4.1 and greater.
(Contributed by Stefan Tatschner and Zackery Spytz in :issue:`25780`.)
-The socket module now supports the :data:`~socket.CAN_J1939` protocol on
+The socket module now supports the :const:`~socket.CAN_J1939` protocol on
platforms that support it. (Contributed by Karl Ding in :issue:`40291`.)
The socket module now has the :func:`socket.send_fds` and
@@ -1084,7 +1084,7 @@ Changes in the Python API
``__VENV_PROMPT__`` is set to ``""``.
* The :meth:`select.epoll.unregister` method no longer ignores the
- :data:`~errno.EBADF` error.
+ :const:`~errno.EBADF` error.
(Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`39239`.)
* The *compresslevel* parameter of :class:`bz2.BZ2File` became keyword-only,
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
index 1c1c2d54e8c20..58e57a951ae60 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a1.rst
@@ -2176,7 +2176,7 @@ None.
.. nonce: YoYoYo
.. section: Library
-Add a new :data:`os.RWF_APPEND` flag for :func:`os.pwritev`.
+Add a new :const:`os.RWF_APPEND` flag for :func:`os.pwritev`.
..
@@ -2304,7 +2304,7 @@ Restored the deprecated :mod:`xml.etree.cElementTree` module.
.. nonce: ZCk0_c
.. section: Library
-:data:`~mmap.MAP_POPULATE` constant has now been added to the list of
+:const:`~mmap.MAP_POPULATE` constant has now been added to the list of
exported :mod:`mmap` module flags.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
index 61a291914f933..cafd4804a1ee6 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a2.rst
@@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ changes the working directory. PR by Anthony Sottile.
.. nonce: 9wXTtY
.. section: Library
-The :mod:`shelve` module now uses :data:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by default
+The :mod:`shelve` module now uses :const:`pickle.DEFAULT_PROTOCOL` by default
instead of :mod:`pickle` protocol ``3``.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
index 803df6f51ce62..313aa68925404 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a6.rst
@@ -294,8 +294,8 @@ actual dictionary. This created problems for introspection tools.
.. nonce: SwcSuU
.. section: Library
-Added :data:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :data:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :data:`~os.O_SYMLINK` and
-:data:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS. Patch by Dong-hee Na.
+Added :const:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :const:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :const:`~os.O_SYMLINK` and
+:const:`~os.O_NOFOLLOW_ANY` for macOS. Patch by Dong-hee Na.
..
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ Added :data:`~os.O_EVTONLY`, :data:`~os.O_FSYNC`, :data:`~os.O_SYMLINK` and
.. nonce: a7Dote
.. section: Library
-Adds :data:`resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES` constant from FreeBSD to the
+Adds :const:`resource.RLIMIT_KQUEUES` constant from FreeBSD to the
:mod:`resource` module.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
index 286d0a8a7e919..ff01ee645c0a9 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0a7.rst
@@ -713,7 +713,7 @@ this situation. Also ensures that the :func:`tempfile.gettempdir()` and
.. section: Library
Expose ``X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS`` as
-:data:`~ssl.VERIFY_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS` to allow proxy certificate validation
+:const:`~ssl.VERIFY_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS` to allow proxy certificate validation
as explained in
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man7/proxy-certificates.html.
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
index cf89a550d3854..4f33420c144c9 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.10.0b1.rst
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ assert_called_once_with) will unconditionally pass.
.. nonce: -1XPDH
.. section: Library
-Add :data:`ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF` constants (OpenSSL 3.0.0)
+Add :const:`ssl.OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF` constants (OpenSSL 3.0.0)
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
index e5827e2f23b1f..17cc1fa7cb7ac 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a1.rst
@@ -1468,8 +1468,8 @@ an installed expat library <= 2.2.0.
On Unix, if the ``sem_clockwait()`` function is available in the C library
(glibc 2.30 and newer), the :meth:`threading.Lock.acquire` method now uses
-the monotonic clock (:data:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the timeout, rather
-than using the system clock (:data:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), to not be
+the monotonic clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_MONOTONIC`) for the timeout, rather
+than using the system clock (:const:`time.CLOCK_REALTIME`), to not be
affected by system clock changes. Patch by Victor Stinner.
..
@@ -2087,8 +2087,8 @@ Upgrade bundled pip to 21.2.3 and setuptools to 57.4.0
.. section: Library
Fix the :func:`os.set_inheritable` function on FreeBSD 14 for file
-descriptor opened with the :data:`~os.O_PATH` flag: ignore the
-:data:`~errno.EBADF` error on ``ioctl()``, fallback on the ``fcntl()``
+descriptor opened with the :const:`~os.O_PATH` flag: ignore the
+:const:`~errno.EBADF` error on ``ioctl()``, fallback on the ``fcntl()``
implementation. Patch by Victor Stinner.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
index bcb6e8b7bdde3..3dd335929d655 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0a4.rst
@@ -839,7 +839,7 @@ patch by Kumar Aditya.
.. nonce: jeiPiX
.. section: Library
-Added :data:`signal.SIGSTKFLT` on platforms where this signal is defined.
+Added :const:`signal.SIGSTKFLT` on platforms where this signal is defined.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
index d8c2ec0a79971..ad52bd14dbfd1 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.11.0b1.rst
@@ -817,8 +817,8 @@ it is ever needed and document the existing mechanism for ``posix_spawn()``.
.. nonce: HFtERN
.. section: Library
-Fix :data:`signal.NSIG` value on FreeBSD to accept signal numbers greater
-than 32, like :data:`signal.SIGRTMIN` and :data:`signal.SIGRTMAX`. Patch by
+Fix :const:`signal.NSIG` value on FreeBSD to accept signal numbers greater
+than 32, like :const:`signal.SIGRTMIN` and :const:`signal.SIGRTMAX`. Patch by
Victor Stinner.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0rc1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0rc1.rst
index 15769f950db23..658f8c902d870 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0rc1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.6.0rc1.rst
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ supported.
.. nonce: ilNIWN
.. section: Library
-Add new :data:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13) and
-:data:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) constants. Patch written by
+Add new :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13) and
+:const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) constants. Patch written by
Omar Sandoval.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a1.rst
index 24a1c4c83e646..2a851fad5fb2e 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a1.rst
@@ -3274,7 +3274,7 @@ Added support for bytes paths in os.fwalk().
.. nonce: 37jMwb
.. section: Library
-Add new :data:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) constant. Patch by
+Add new :const:`socket.TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT` (Linux 3.12) constant. Patch by
Nathaniel J. Smith.
..
@@ -3871,8 +3871,8 @@ as an integer. Function only available on Android.
.. nonce: ilNIWN
.. section: Library
-Add new :data:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13) and
-:data:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) constants. Patch written by
+Add new :const:`socket.TCP_CONGESTION` (Linux 2.6.13) and
+:const:`socket.TCP_USER_TIMEOUT` (Linux 2.6.37) constants. Patch written by
Omar Sandoval.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a3.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a3.rst
index 6576c1fadbff6..92b0f32885120 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a3.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.7.0a3.rst
@@ -754,8 +754,8 @@ now accepts characters as arguments. Based on patch by Steve Fink.
.. nonce: DYQL0g
.. section: Library
-Add 3 new clock identifiers: :data:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME`,
-:data:`time.CLOCK_PROF` and :data:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME`.
+Add 3 new clock identifiers: :const:`time.CLOCK_BOOTTIME`,
+:const:`time.CLOCK_PROF` and :const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME`.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
index c9ca4b8404e67..5f1a0142ae778 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a1.rst
@@ -1934,7 +1934,7 @@ failure.
.. nonce: _ct_0H
.. section: Library
-The :data:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` constant is now available for macOS 10.12.
+The :const:`time.CLOCK_UPTIME_RAW` constant is now available for macOS 10.12.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
index d6fde41b7b11c..17bbac6238913 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst
@@ -955,7 +955,7 @@ Add a new :mod:`_testinternalcapi` module to test the internal C API.
.. section: Tests
Fix ``test_imap4_host_default_value()`` of ``test_imaplib``: catch also
-:data:`errno.ENETUNREACH` error.
+:const:`errno.ENETUNREACH` error.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
index 5a929d481a3d5..97e07a643e59f 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a1.rst
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ defines them with eponymous methods.
.. nonce: bmhquU
.. section: Library
-Add :data:`os.P_PIDFD` constant, which may be passed to :func:`os.waitid` to
+Add :const:`os.P_PIDFD` constant, which may be passed to :func:`os.waitid` to
wait on a Linux process file descriptor.
..
@@ -1193,8 +1193,8 @@ Expose the Linux ``pidfd_open`` syscall as :func:`os.pidfd_open`.
.. nonce: 7jvYFA
.. section: Library
-Added constants :data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK` and
-:data:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW` to the :mod:`fcntl` module. Patch by Dong-hee
+Added constants :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_GETLK`, :const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLK` and
+:const:`~fcntl.F_OFD_SETLKW` to the :mod:`fcntl` module. Patch by Dong-hee
Na.
..
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ Fixed erroneous equality comparison in statistics.NormalDist().
.. nonce: 86ExWB
.. section: Library
-Added :data:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :data:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` for
+Added :const:`~os.CLD_KILLED` and :const:`~os.CLD_STOPPED` for
:attr:`si_code`. Patch by Dong-hee Na.
..
@@ -1355,8 +1355,8 @@ objects, patch by Samuel Colvin.
.. nonce: 9w-IGF
.. section: Library
-Add missing :data:`stat.S_IFDOOR`, :data:`stat.S_IFPORT`,
-:data:`stat.S_IFWHT`, :func:`stat.S_ISDOOR`, :func:`stat.S_ISPORT`, and
+Add missing :const:`stat.S_IFDOOR`, :const:`stat.S_IFPORT`,
+:const:`stat.S_IFWHT`, :func:`stat.S_ISDOOR`, :func:`stat.S_ISPORT`, and
:func:`stat.S_ISWHT` values to the Python implementation of :mod:`stat`.
..
@@ -4983,7 +4983,7 @@ set to CP_UTF7 or CP_UTF8.
.. nonce: -0g2O3
.. section: Windows
-Make :data:`winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ` support zero-length strings.
+Make :const:`winreg.REG_MULTI_SZ` support zero-length strings.
..
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
index af2cc7c3e9788..fec792a998bf9 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/3.9.0a6.rst
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@ child process, reset the lock to the unlocked state. Rename also the private
.. nonce: kIjVge
.. section: Library
-Expose :data:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS` in the :mod:`socket` module.
+Expose :const:`~socket.CAN_RAW_JOIN_FILTERS` in the :mod:`socket` module.
..
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ number of groups. For other implementations, double the group list size.
.. nonce: HFpHZS
.. section: Library
-Add :data:`time.CLOCK_TAI` constant if the operating system support it.
+Add :const:`time.CLOCK_TAI` constant if the operating system support it.
..
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