[Python-checkins] bpo-46541: Replace core use of _Py_IDENTIFIER() with statically initialized global objects. (gh-30928)

ericsnowcurrently webhook-mailer at python.org
Tue Feb 8 15:39:36 EST 2022


https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/81c72044a181dbbfbf689d7a977d0d99090f26a8
commit: 81c72044a181dbbfbf689d7a977d0d99090f26a8
branch: main
author: Eric Snow <ericsnowcurrently at gmail.com>
committer: ericsnowcurrently <ericsnowcurrently at gmail.com>
date: 2022-02-08T13:39:07-07:00
summary:

bpo-46541: Replace core use of _Py_IDENTIFIER() with statically initialized global objects. (gh-30928)

We're no longer using _Py_IDENTIFIER() (or _Py_static_string()) in any core CPython code.  It is still used in a number of non-builtin stdlib modules.

The replacement is: PyUnicodeObject (not pointer) fields under _PyRuntimeState, statically initialized as part of _PyRuntime.  A new _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() macro facilitates lookup of the fields (along with _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() for non-identifier strings).

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541#msg411799 explains the rationale for this change.

The core of the change is in:

* (new) Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h - the declarations for the global strings, along with the macros
* Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h - added the static initializers for the global strings
* Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h - where the struct in pycore_global_strings.h is hooked into _PyRuntimeState
* Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py - added generation of the global string declarations and static initializers

I've also added a --check flag to generate_global_objects.py (along with make check-global-objects) to check for unused global strings.  That check is added to the PR CI config.

The remainder of this change updates the core code to use _Py_GET_GLOBAL_IDENTIFIER() instead of _Py_IDENTIFIER() and the related _Py*Id functions (likewise for _Py_GET_GLOBAL_STRING() instead of _Py_static_string()).  This includes adding a few functions where there wasn't already an alternative to _Py*Id(), replacing the _Py_Identifier * parameter with PyObject *.

The following are not changed (yet):

* stop using _Py_IDENTIFIER() in the stdlib modules
* (maybe) get rid of _Py_IDENTIFIER(), etc. entirely -- this may not be doable as at least one package on PyPI using this (private) API
* (maybe) intern the strings during runtime init

https://bugs.python.org/issue46541

files:
A Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
M .github/workflows/build.yml
M Include/cpython/abstract.h
M Include/cpython/ceval.h
M Include/cpython/dictobject.h
M Include/cpython/object.h
M Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
M Include/internal/pycore_call.h
M Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
M Include/internal/pycore_object.h
M Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
M Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h
M Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
M Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
M Makefile.pre.in
M Modules/_abc.c
M Modules/_asynciomodule.c
M Modules/_bisectmodule.c
M Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
M Modules/_csv.c
M Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
M Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c
M Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
M Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
M Modules/_cursesmodule.c
M Modules/_datetimemodule.c
M Modules/_dbmmodule.c
M Modules/_elementtree.c
M Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
M Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
M Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
M Modules/_io/fileio.c
M Modules/_io/iobase.c
M Modules/_io/textio.c
M Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
M Modules/_json.c
M Modules/_lzmamodule.c
M Modules/_operator.c
M Modules/_pickle.c
M Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
M Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c
M Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
M Modules/_sqlite/module.c
M Modules/_ssl.c
M Modules/_testcapimodule.c
M Modules/_threadmodule.c
M Modules/arraymodule.c
M Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
M Modules/faulthandler.c
M Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
M Modules/main.c
M Modules/mathmodule.c
M Modules/mmapmodule.c
M Modules/ossaudiodev.c
M Modules/posixmodule.c
M Modules/pyexpat.c
M Modules/timemodule.c
M Modules/unicodedata.c
M Objects/abstract.c
M Objects/bytearrayobject.c
M Objects/bytesobject.c
M Objects/call.c
M Objects/classobject.c
M Objects/complexobject.c
M Objects/descrobject.c
M Objects/dictobject.c
M Objects/enumobject.c
M Objects/exceptions.c
M Objects/fileobject.c
M Objects/frameobject.c
M Objects/funcobject.c
M Objects/genericaliasobject.c
M Objects/genobject.c
M Objects/iterobject.c
M Objects/listobject.c
M Objects/longobject.c
M Objects/methodobject.c
M Objects/moduleobject.c
M Objects/object.c
M Objects/odictobject.c
M Objects/rangeobject.c
M Objects/setobject.c
M Objects/structseq.c
M Objects/tupleobject.c
M Objects/typeobject.c
M Objects/unicodeobject.c
M Objects/unionobject.c
M Objects/weakrefobject.c
M Parser/tokenizer.c
M Programs/_testembed.c
M Programs/test_frozenmain.h
M Python/_warnings.c
M Python/ast_opt.c
M Python/bltinmodule.c
M Python/ceval.c
M Python/codecs.c
M Python/compile.c
M Python/errors.c
M Python/import.c
M Python/importdl.c
M Python/marshal.c
M Python/pylifecycle.c
M Python/pythonrun.c
M Python/specialize.c
M Python/sysmodule.c
M Python/traceback.c
M Tools/c-analyzer/TODO
M Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py

diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 5d36dffa80108..376359ccf2e2d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -100,6 +100,8 @@ jobs:
         run: make smelly
       - name: Check limited ABI symbols
         run: make check-limited-abi
+      - name: Check global objects
+        run: make check-global-objects
 
   build_win32:
     name: 'Windows (x86)'
diff --git a/Include/cpython/abstract.h b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
index b5a31392f2ed0..cf142b8a0bfb2 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/abstract.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/abstract.h
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *arg)
            2 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
 }
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *obj,
+                                            PyObject *name,
+                                            const char *format, ...);
+
 /* Like PyObject_CallMethod(), but expect a _Py_Identifier*
    as the method name. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_CallMethodId(PyObject *obj,
diff --git a/Include/cpython/ceval.h b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
index caf64401307c0..aedc7367a18f6 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/ceval.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/ceval.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyEval_SetAsyncGenFinalizer(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetAsyncGenFinalizer(void);
 
 /* Helper to look up a builtin object */
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetBuiltin(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(_Py_Identifier *);
 /* Look at the current frame's (if any) code's co_flags, and turn on
    the corresponding compiler flags in cf->cf_flags.  Return 1 if any
diff --git a/Include/cpython/dictobject.h b/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
index e97969be4de0c..d5119644c5212 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/dictobject.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key,
                                        Py_hash_t hash);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *dp, PyObject *key);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyObject *dp,
                                                   struct _Py_Identifier *key);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_GetItemStringWithError(PyObject *, const char *);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/object.h b/Include/cpython/object.h
index 1554ac8aef1c4..a3632cf1dcf81 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/object.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/object.h
@@ -43,10 +43,16 @@ typedef struct _Py_Identifier {
     Py_ssize_t index;
 } _Py_Identifier;
 
+#if defined(NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER) || !defined(Py_BUILD_CORE)
+// For now we are keeping _Py_IDENTIFIER for continued use
+// in non-builtin extensions (and naughty PyPI modules).
+
 #define _Py_static_string_init(value) { .string = value, .index = -1 }
 #define _Py_static_string(varname, value)  static _Py_Identifier varname = _Py_static_string_init(value)
 #define _Py_IDENTIFIER(varname) _Py_static_string(PyId_##varname, #varname)
 
+#endif  /* NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER */
+
 typedef int (*getbufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_buffer *, int);
 typedef void (*releasebufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_buffer *);
 
@@ -249,7 +255,12 @@ typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
 PyAPI_FUNC(const char *) _PyType_Name(PyTypeObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_LookupId(PyTypeObject *, _Py_Identifier *);
-PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *, _Py_Identifier *);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(PyObject *, _Py_Identifier *);
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+// Backward compatibility for 3rd-party extensions
+// that may be using the old name.
+#define _PyObject_LookupSpecial _PyObject_LookupSpecialId
+#endif
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyTypeObject *) _PyType_CalculateMetaclass(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_GetDocFromInternalDoc(const char *, const char *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_GetTextSignatureFromInternalDoc(const char *, const char *);
diff --git a/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h b/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
index fc4c899b3fe3d..27dff7b2e3d93 100644
--- a/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
+++ b/Include/cpython/sysmodule.h
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #  error "this header file must not be included directly"
 #endif
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PySys_GetAttr(PyThreadState *tstate,
+                                      PyObject *name);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PySys_GetObjectId(_Py_Identifier *key);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PySys_SetObjectId(_Py_Identifier *key, PyObject *);
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_call.h b/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
index f2cfd2fd53ed9..3ccacfa0b8b03 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_call.h
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_Call(
     PyObject *args,
     PyObject *kwargs);
 
+extern PyObject * _PyObject_CallMethodFormat(
+        PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *callable, const char *format, ...);
+
 
 // Static inline variant of public PyVectorcall_Function().
 static inline vectorcallfunc
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
index acf0b2aed5ae4..2135fa3b5d79a 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_global_objects.h
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
+#include "pycore_global_strings.h"  // struct _Py_global_strings
+
 
 // These would be in pycore_long.h if it weren't for an include cycle.
 #define _PY_NSMALLPOSINTS           257
@@ -36,6 +38,8 @@ struct _Py_global_objects {
             PyBytesObject ob;
             char eos;
         } bytes_characters[256];
+
+        struct _Py_global_strings strings;
     } singletons;
 };
 
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h b/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..17241b3a3dd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+#ifndef Py_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_STRINGS_H
+#define Py_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_STRINGS_H
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE
+#  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
+#endif
+
+// The data structure & init here are inspired by Tools/scripts/deepfreeze.py.
+
+// All field names generated by ASCII_STR() have a common prefix,
+// to help avoid collisions with keywords, etc.
+
+#define STRUCT_FOR_ASCII_STR(LITERAL) \
+    struct { \
+        PyASCIIObject _ascii; \
+        uint8_t _data[sizeof(LITERAL)]; \
+    }
+#define STRUCT_FOR_STR(NAME, LITERAL) \
+    STRUCT_FOR_ASCII_STR(LITERAL) _ ## NAME;
+#define STRUCT_FOR_ID(NAME) \
+    STRUCT_FOR_ASCII_STR(#NAME) _ ## NAME;
+
+// XXX Order by frequency of use?
+
+/* The following is auto-generated by Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py. */
+struct _Py_global_strings {
+    struct {
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(empty, "")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(dot, ".")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(comma_sep, ", ")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(percent, "%")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(dbl_percent, "%%")
+
+        // "anonymous" labels
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_dictcomp, "<dictcomp>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_genexpr, "<genexpr>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_lambda, "<lambda>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_listcomp, "<listcomp>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_module, "<module>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(anon_string, "<string>")
+        STRUCT_FOR_STR(dot_locals, ".<locals>")
+    } literals;
+
+    struct {
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(Py_Repr)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(TextIOWrapper)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(WarningMessage)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__IOBase_closed)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__abc_tpflags__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__abs__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__abstractmethods__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__add__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__aenter__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__aexit__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__aiter__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__all__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__and__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__anext__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__annotations__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__args__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__await__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__bases__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__bool__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__build_class__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__builtins__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__bytes__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__call__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__cantrace__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__class__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__class_getitem__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__classcell__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__complex__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__contains__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__copy__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__del__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__delattr__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__delete__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__delitem__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__dict__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__dir__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__divmod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__doc__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__enter__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__eq__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__exit__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__file__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__float__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__floordiv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__format__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__fspath__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ge__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__get__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getattr__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getattribute__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getinitargs__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getitem__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getnewargs__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getnewargs_ex__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__getstate__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__gt__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__hash__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__iadd__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__iand__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ifloordiv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ilshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__imatmul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__imod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__import__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__imul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__index__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__init__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__init_subclass__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__instancecheck__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__int__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__invert__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ior__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ipow__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__irshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__isabstractmethod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__isub__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__iter__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__itruediv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ixor__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__le__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__len__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__length_hint__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__loader__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__lshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__lt__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ltrace__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__main__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__matmul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__missing__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__mod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__module__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__mro_entries__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__mul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__name__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ne__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__neg__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__new__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__newobj__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__newobj_ex__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__next__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__note__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__or__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__origin__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__package__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__parameters__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__path__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__pos__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__pow__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__prepare__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__qualname__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__radd__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rand__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rdivmod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__reduce__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__reduce_ex__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__repr__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__reversed__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rfloordiv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rlshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rmatmul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rmod__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rmul__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__ror__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__round__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rpow__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rrshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rshift__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rsub__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rtruediv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__rxor__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__set__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__set_name__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__setattr__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__setitem__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__setstate__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__sizeof__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__slotnames__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__slots__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__spec__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__str__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__sub__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__subclasscheck__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__subclasshook__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__truediv__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__trunc__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__warningregistry__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__weakref__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(__xor__)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_abc_impl)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_blksize)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_dealloc_warn)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_finalizing)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_find_and_load)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_fix_up_module)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_get_sourcefile)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_handle_fromlist)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_initializing)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_is_text_encoding)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_lock_unlock_module)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_showwarnmsg)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_shutdown)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_slotnames)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_strptime_time)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_uninitialized_submodules)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(_xoptions)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(add)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(append)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(big)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(buffer)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(builtins)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(clear)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(close)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(code)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(copy)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(copyreg)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(decode)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(default)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(defaultaction)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(difference_update)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(dispatch_table)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(displayhook)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(enable)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(encoding)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(end_lineno)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(end_offset)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(errors)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(excepthook)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(extend)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(filename)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(fileno)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(fillvalue)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(filters)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(find_class)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(flush)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(get)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(get_source)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(getattr)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(ignore)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(importlib)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(intersection)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(isatty)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(items)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(iter)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(keys)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(last_traceback)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(last_type)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(last_value)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(latin1)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(lineno)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(little)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(match)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(metaclass)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(mode)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(modules)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(mro)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(msg)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_fields)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_sequence_fields)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(n_unnamed_fields)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(name)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(obj)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(offset)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(onceregistry)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(open)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(parent)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(partial)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(path)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(peek)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(persistent_id)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(persistent_load)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(print_file_and_line)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(ps1)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(ps2)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(raw)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(read)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(read1)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(readable)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(readall)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(readinto)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(readinto1)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(readline)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(reducer_override)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(reload)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(replace)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(reset)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(return)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(reversed)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(seek)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(seekable)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(send)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(setstate)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(sort)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(stderr)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(stdin)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(stdout)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(strict)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(symmetric_difference_update)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(tell)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(text)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(threading)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(throw)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(unraisablehook)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(values)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(version)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(warnings)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(warnoptions)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(writable)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(write)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(zipimporter)
+    } identifiers;
+};
+/* End auto-generated code */
+
+#undef ID
+#undef STR
+
+
+#define _Py_ID(NAME) \
+     (_Py_SINGLETON(strings.identifiers._ ## NAME._ascii.ob_base))
+#define _Py_STR(NAME) \
+     (_Py_SINGLETON(strings.literals._ ## NAME._ascii.ob_base))
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !Py_INTERNAL_GLOBAL_STRINGS_H */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_object.h b/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
index e2da2537c11c1..65abc1884c3bb 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_object.h
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@ extern "C" {
 #  error "this header requires Py_BUILD_CORE define"
 #endif
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include "pycore_gc.h"            // _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED()
 #include "pycore_interp.h"        // PyInterpreterState.gc
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _PyRuntime
 
 
 #define _PyObject_IMMORTAL_INIT(type) \
@@ -236,6 +238,8 @@ extern PyObject* _PyType_GetSubclasses(PyTypeObject *);
 #define _PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS(etype) \
     ((PyMemberDef *)(((char *)etype) + Py_TYPE(etype)->tp_basicsize))
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
index 3b7f2629033bf..045ae5d2835b1 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_runtime_init.h
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ extern "C" {
         .ob_digit = { ((val) >= 0 ? (val) : -(val)) }, \
     }
 
-
 #define _PyBytes_SIMPLE_INIT(CH, LEN) \
     { \
         _PyVarObject_IMMORTAL_INIT(&PyBytes_Type, LEN), \
@@ -94,6 +93,26 @@ extern "C" {
         _PyBytes_SIMPLE_INIT(CH, 1) \
     }
 
+#define _PyASCIIObject_INIT(LITERAL) \
+    { \
+        ._ascii = { \
+            .ob_base = _PyObject_IMMORTAL_INIT(&PyUnicode_Type), \
+            .length = sizeof(LITERAL) - 1, \
+            .hash = -1, \
+            .state = { \
+                .kind = 1, \
+                .compact = 1, \
+                .ascii = 1, \
+                .ready = 1, \
+            }, \
+        }, \
+        ._data = LITERAL, \
+    }
+#define INIT_STR(NAME, LITERAL) \
+    ._ ## NAME = _PyASCIIObject_INIT(LITERAL)
+#define INIT_ID(NAME) \
+    ._ ## NAME = _PyASCIIObject_INIT(#NAME)
+
 
 /* The following is auto-generated by Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py. */
 #define _Py_global_objects_INIT { \
@@ -622,6 +641,298 @@ extern "C" {
             _PyBytes_CHAR_INIT(254), \
             _PyBytes_CHAR_INIT(255), \
         }, \
+        \
+        .strings = { \
+            .literals = { \
+                INIT_STR(empty, ""), \
+                INIT_STR(dot, "."), \
+                INIT_STR(comma_sep, ", "), \
+                INIT_STR(percent, "%"), \
+                INIT_STR(dbl_percent, "%%"), \
+                \
+                INIT_STR(anon_dictcomp, "<dictcomp>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_genexpr, "<genexpr>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_lambda, "<lambda>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_listcomp, "<listcomp>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_module, "<module>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_setcomp, "<setcomp>"), \
+                INIT_STR(anon_string, "<string>"), \
+                INIT_STR(dot_locals, ".<locals>"), \
+            }, \
+            .identifiers = { \
+                INIT_ID(Py_Repr), \
+                INIT_ID(TextIOWrapper), \
+                INIT_ID(WarningMessage), \
+                INIT_ID(_), \
+                INIT_ID(__IOBase_closed), \
+                INIT_ID(__abc_tpflags__), \
+                INIT_ID(__abs__), \
+                INIT_ID(__abstractmethods__), \
+                INIT_ID(__add__), \
+                INIT_ID(__aenter__), \
+                INIT_ID(__aexit__), \
+                INIT_ID(__aiter__), \
+                INIT_ID(__all__), \
+                INIT_ID(__and__), \
+                INIT_ID(__anext__), \
+                INIT_ID(__annotations__), \
+                INIT_ID(__args__), \
+                INIT_ID(__await__), \
+                INIT_ID(__bases__), \
+                INIT_ID(__bool__), \
+                INIT_ID(__build_class__), \
+                INIT_ID(__builtins__), \
+                INIT_ID(__bytes__), \
+                INIT_ID(__call__), \
+                INIT_ID(__cantrace__), \
+                INIT_ID(__class__), \
+                INIT_ID(__class_getitem__), \
+                INIT_ID(__classcell__), \
+                INIT_ID(__complex__), \
+                INIT_ID(__contains__), \
+                INIT_ID(__copy__), \
+                INIT_ID(__del__), \
+                INIT_ID(__delattr__), \
+                INIT_ID(__delete__), \
+                INIT_ID(__delitem__), \
+                INIT_ID(__dict__), \
+                INIT_ID(__dir__), \
+                INIT_ID(__divmod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__doc__), \
+                INIT_ID(__enter__), \
+                INIT_ID(__eq__), \
+                INIT_ID(__exit__), \
+                INIT_ID(__file__), \
+                INIT_ID(__float__), \
+                INIT_ID(__floordiv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__format__), \
+                INIT_ID(__fspath__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ge__), \
+                INIT_ID(__get__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getattr__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getattribute__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getinitargs__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getitem__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getnewargs__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getnewargs_ex__), \
+                INIT_ID(__getstate__), \
+                INIT_ID(__gt__), \
+                INIT_ID(__hash__), \
+                INIT_ID(__iadd__), \
+                INIT_ID(__iand__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ifloordiv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ilshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__imatmul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__imod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__import__), \
+                INIT_ID(__imul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__index__), \
+                INIT_ID(__init__), \
+                INIT_ID(__init_subclass__), \
+                INIT_ID(__instancecheck__), \
+                INIT_ID(__int__), \
+                INIT_ID(__invert__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ior__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ipow__), \
+                INIT_ID(__irshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__isabstractmethod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__isub__), \
+                INIT_ID(__iter__), \
+                INIT_ID(__itruediv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ixor__), \
+                INIT_ID(__le__), \
+                INIT_ID(__len__), \
+                INIT_ID(__length_hint__), \
+                INIT_ID(__loader__), \
+                INIT_ID(__lshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__lt__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ltrace__), \
+                INIT_ID(__main__), \
+                INIT_ID(__matmul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__missing__), \
+                INIT_ID(__mod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__module__), \
+                INIT_ID(__mro_entries__), \
+                INIT_ID(__mul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__name__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ne__), \
+                INIT_ID(__neg__), \
+                INIT_ID(__new__), \
+                INIT_ID(__newobj__), \
+                INIT_ID(__newobj_ex__), \
+                INIT_ID(__next__), \
+                INIT_ID(__note__), \
+                INIT_ID(__or__), \
+                INIT_ID(__origin__), \
+                INIT_ID(__package__), \
+                INIT_ID(__parameters__), \
+                INIT_ID(__path__), \
+                INIT_ID(__pos__), \
+                INIT_ID(__pow__), \
+                INIT_ID(__prepare__), \
+                INIT_ID(__qualname__), \
+                INIT_ID(__radd__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rand__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rdivmod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__reduce__), \
+                INIT_ID(__reduce_ex__), \
+                INIT_ID(__repr__), \
+                INIT_ID(__reversed__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rfloordiv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rlshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rmatmul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rmod__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rmul__), \
+                INIT_ID(__ror__), \
+                INIT_ID(__round__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rpow__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rrshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rshift__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rsub__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rtruediv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__rxor__), \
+                INIT_ID(__set__), \
+                INIT_ID(__set_name__), \
+                INIT_ID(__setattr__), \
+                INIT_ID(__setitem__), \
+                INIT_ID(__setstate__), \
+                INIT_ID(__sizeof__), \
+                INIT_ID(__slotnames__), \
+                INIT_ID(__slots__), \
+                INIT_ID(__spec__), \
+                INIT_ID(__str__), \
+                INIT_ID(__sub__), \
+                INIT_ID(__subclasscheck__), \
+                INIT_ID(__subclasshook__), \
+                INIT_ID(__truediv__), \
+                INIT_ID(__trunc__), \
+                INIT_ID(__warningregistry__), \
+                INIT_ID(__weakref__), \
+                INIT_ID(__xor__), \
+                INIT_ID(_abc_impl), \
+                INIT_ID(_blksize), \
+                INIT_ID(_dealloc_warn), \
+                INIT_ID(_finalizing), \
+                INIT_ID(_find_and_load), \
+                INIT_ID(_fix_up_module), \
+                INIT_ID(_get_sourcefile), \
+                INIT_ID(_handle_fromlist), \
+                INIT_ID(_initializing), \
+                INIT_ID(_is_text_encoding), \
+                INIT_ID(_lock_unlock_module), \
+                INIT_ID(_showwarnmsg), \
+                INIT_ID(_shutdown), \
+                INIT_ID(_slotnames), \
+                INIT_ID(_strptime_time), \
+                INIT_ID(_uninitialized_submodules), \
+                INIT_ID(_warn_unawaited_coroutine), \
+                INIT_ID(_xoptions), \
+                INIT_ID(add), \
+                INIT_ID(append), \
+                INIT_ID(big), \
+                INIT_ID(buffer), \
+                INIT_ID(builtins), \
+                INIT_ID(clear), \
+                INIT_ID(close), \
+                INIT_ID(code), \
+                INIT_ID(copy), \
+                INIT_ID(copyreg), \
+                INIT_ID(decode), \
+                INIT_ID(default), \
+                INIT_ID(defaultaction), \
+                INIT_ID(difference_update), \
+                INIT_ID(dispatch_table), \
+                INIT_ID(displayhook), \
+                INIT_ID(enable), \
+                INIT_ID(encoding), \
+                INIT_ID(end_lineno), \
+                INIT_ID(end_offset), \
+                INIT_ID(errors), \
+                INIT_ID(excepthook), \
+                INIT_ID(extend), \
+                INIT_ID(filename), \
+                INIT_ID(fileno), \
+                INIT_ID(fillvalue), \
+                INIT_ID(filters), \
+                INIT_ID(find_class), \
+                INIT_ID(flush), \
+                INIT_ID(get), \
+                INIT_ID(get_source), \
+                INIT_ID(getattr), \
+                INIT_ID(ignore), \
+                INIT_ID(importlib), \
+                INIT_ID(intersection), \
+                INIT_ID(isatty), \
+                INIT_ID(items), \
+                INIT_ID(iter), \
+                INIT_ID(keys), \
+                INIT_ID(last_traceback), \
+                INIT_ID(last_type), \
+                INIT_ID(last_value), \
+                INIT_ID(latin1), \
+                INIT_ID(lineno), \
+                INIT_ID(little), \
+                INIT_ID(match), \
+                INIT_ID(metaclass), \
+                INIT_ID(mode), \
+                INIT_ID(modules), \
+                INIT_ID(mro), \
+                INIT_ID(msg), \
+                INIT_ID(n_fields), \
+                INIT_ID(n_sequence_fields), \
+                INIT_ID(n_unnamed_fields), \
+                INIT_ID(name), \
+                INIT_ID(obj), \
+                INIT_ID(offset), \
+                INIT_ID(onceregistry), \
+                INIT_ID(open), \
+                INIT_ID(parent), \
+                INIT_ID(partial), \
+                INIT_ID(path), \
+                INIT_ID(peek), \
+                INIT_ID(persistent_id), \
+                INIT_ID(persistent_load), \
+                INIT_ID(print_file_and_line), \
+                INIT_ID(ps1), \
+                INIT_ID(ps2), \
+                INIT_ID(raw), \
+                INIT_ID(read), \
+                INIT_ID(read1), \
+                INIT_ID(readable), \
+                INIT_ID(readall), \
+                INIT_ID(readinto), \
+                INIT_ID(readinto1), \
+                INIT_ID(readline), \
+                INIT_ID(reducer_override), \
+                INIT_ID(reload), \
+                INIT_ID(replace), \
+                INIT_ID(reset), \
+                INIT_ID(return), \
+                INIT_ID(reversed), \
+                INIT_ID(seek), \
+                INIT_ID(seekable), \
+                INIT_ID(send), \
+                INIT_ID(setstate), \
+                INIT_ID(sort), \
+                INIT_ID(stderr), \
+                INIT_ID(stdin), \
+                INIT_ID(stdout), \
+                INIT_ID(strict), \
+                INIT_ID(symmetric_difference_update), \
+                INIT_ID(tell), \
+                INIT_ID(text), \
+                INIT_ID(threading), \
+                INIT_ID(throw), \
+                INIT_ID(unraisablehook), \
+                INIT_ID(values), \
+                INIT_ID(version), \
+                INIT_ID(warnings), \
+                INIT_ID(warnoptions), \
+                INIT_ID(writable), \
+                INIT_ID(write), \
+                INIT_ID(zipimporter), \
+            }, \
+        }, \
     }, \
 }
 /* End auto-generated code */
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h b/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h
index c0323bbea8991..0199c790e24ce 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_structseq.h
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 
-/* runtime lifecycle */
-
-extern PyStatus _PyStructSequence_InitState(PyInterpreterState *);
-
-
 /* other API */
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyTypeObject *) _PyStructSequence_NewType(
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h b/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
index 738a7746a0384..10d092cdc30a2 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_sysmodule.h
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PySys_Audit(
    PyAPI_FUNC() to not export the symbol. */
 extern void _PySys_ClearAuditHooks(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PySys_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
index fabe522f6fc23..977bbeb191712 100644
--- a/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
+++ b/Include/internal/pycore_unicodeobject.h
@@ -44,8 +44,6 @@ struct _Py_unicode_ids {
 };
 
 struct _Py_unicode_state {
-    // The empty Unicode object is a singleton to improve performance.
-    PyObject *empty_string;
     /* Single character Unicode strings in the Latin-1 range are being
        shared as well. */
     PyObject *latin1[256];
diff --git a/Makefile.pre.in b/Makefile.pre.in
index 4dcedd684aa6d..c279cf38bd926 100644
--- a/Makefile.pre.in
+++ b/Makefile.pre.in
@@ -2436,6 +2436,9 @@ patchcheck: @DEF_MAKE_RULE@
 check-limited-abi: all
 	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/scripts/stable_abi.py --all $(srcdir)/Misc/stable_abi.txt
 
+check-global-objects: all
+	$(RUNSHARED) ./$(BUILDPYTHON) $(srcdir)/Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py --check
+
 .PHONY: update-config
 update-config:
 	curl -sL -o config.guess 'https://git.savannah.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=config.git;a=blob_plain;f=config.guess;hb=HEAD'
diff --git a/Modules/_abc.c b/Modules/_abc.c
index a043961812041..641d6198d1fec 100644
--- a/Modules/_abc.c
+++ b/Modules/_abc.c
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "Python.h"
-#include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyType_GetSubclasses()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyType_GetSubclasses()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
 #include "clinic/_abc.c.h"
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -16,15 +17,6 @@ module _abc
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_abc__doc__,
 "Module contains faster C implementation of abc.ABCMeta");
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__abstractmethods__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__abc_tpflags__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__bases__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(_abc_impl);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasscheck__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasshook__);
-
 typedef struct {
     PyTypeObject *_abc_data_type;
     unsigned long long abc_invalidation_counter;
@@ -122,7 +114,7 @@ static _abc_data *
 _get_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
 {
     _abcmodule_state *state = get_abc_state(module);
-    PyObject *impl = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId__abc_impl);
+    PyObject *impl = PyObject_GetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(_abc_impl));
     if (impl == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -311,7 +303,7 @@ compute_abstract_methods(PyObject *self)
     PyObject *ns = NULL, *items = NULL, *bases = NULL;  // Py_XDECREF()ed on error.
 
     /* Stage 1: direct abstract methods. */
-    ns = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId___dict__);
+    ns = PyObject_GetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
     if (!ns) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -355,7 +347,7 @@ compute_abstract_methods(PyObject *self)
     }
 
     /* Stage 2: inherited abstract methods. */
-    bases = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId___bases__);
+    bases = PyObject_GetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__bases__));
     if (!bases) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -368,8 +360,8 @@ compute_abstract_methods(PyObject *self)
         PyObject *item = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(bases, pos);  // borrowed
         PyObject *base_abstracts, *iter;
 
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(item, &PyId___abstractmethods__,
-                                   &base_abstracts) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(item, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__),
+                                 &base_abstracts) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
         if (base_abstracts == NULL) {
@@ -409,7 +401,7 @@ compute_abstract_methods(PyObject *self)
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId___abstractmethods__, abstracts) < 0) {
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__), abstracts) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
 
@@ -448,7 +440,7 @@ _abc__abc_init(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
     if (data == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId__abc_impl, data) < 0) {
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(_abc_impl), data) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(data);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -459,7 +451,8 @@ _abc__abc_init(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
      * their special status w.r.t. pattern matching. */
     if (PyType_Check(self)) {
         PyTypeObject *cls = (PyTypeObject *)self;
-        PyObject *flags = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(cls->tp_dict, &PyId___abc_tpflags__);
+        PyObject *flags = PyDict_GetItemWithError(cls->tp_dict,
+                                                  &_Py_ID(__abc_tpflags__));
         if (flags == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 return NULL;
@@ -477,7 +470,7 @@ _abc__abc_init(PyObject *module, PyObject *self)
                 }
                 ((PyTypeObject *)self)->tp_flags |= (val & COLLECTION_FLAGS);
             }
-            if (_PyDict_DelItemId(cls->tp_dict, &PyId___abc_tpflags__) < 0) {
+            if (PyDict_DelItem(cls->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__abc_tpflags__)) < 0) {
                 return NULL;
             }
         }
@@ -593,7 +586,7 @@ _abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    subclass = _PyObject_GetAttrId(instance, &PyId___class__);
+    subclass = PyObject_GetAttr(instance, &_Py_ID(__class__));
     if (subclass == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(impl);
         return NULL;
@@ -622,12 +615,12 @@ _abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
             }
         }
         /* Fall back to the subclass check. */
-        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
-                                              subclass);
+        result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(self, &_Py_ID(__subclasscheck__),
+                                           subclass);
         goto end;
     }
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
-                                          subclass);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(self, &_Py_ID(__subclasscheck__),
+                                       subclass);
     if (result == NULL) {
         goto end;
     }
@@ -639,8 +632,8 @@ _abc__abc_instancecheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
         break;
     case 0:
         Py_DECREF(result);
-        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self, &PyId___subclasscheck__,
-                                              subtype);
+        result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(self, &_Py_ID(__subclasscheck__),
+                                           subtype);
         break;
     case 1:  // Nothing to do.
         break;
@@ -723,8 +716,8 @@ _abc__abc_subclasscheck_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *self,
     }
 
     /* 3. Check the subclass hook. */
-    ok = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg((PyObject *)self, &PyId___subclasshook__,
-                                      subclass);
+    ok = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            (PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(__subclasshook__), subclass);
     if (ok == NULL) {
         goto end;
     }
diff --git a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
index 2216dd0178173..72dbdb8902f12 100644
--- a/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_asynciomodule.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_pyerrors.h"      // _PyErr_ClearExcState()
diff --git a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
index 26c4b9bfb26b2..f884d94413c0d 100644
--- a/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_bisectmodule.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Converted to C by Dmitry Vasiliev (dima at hlabs.spb.ru).
 */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 #include "Python.h"
 
 /*[clinic input]
diff --git a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
index 4c4e1f762a4a6..e7bd8bc15122f 100644
--- a/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_collectionsmodule.c
@@ -1348,9 +1348,8 @@ static PyObject *
 deque_reduce(dequeobject *deque, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     PyObject *dict, *it;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)deque, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)deque, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &dict) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (dict == NULL) {
@@ -2064,7 +2063,6 @@ defdict_reduce(defdictobject *dd, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     PyObject *items;
     PyObject *iter;
     PyObject *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
 
     if (dd->default_factory == NULL || dd->default_factory == Py_None)
         args = PyTuple_New(0);
@@ -2072,7 +2070,7 @@ defdict_reduce(defdictobject *dd, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         args = PyTuple_Pack(1, dd->default_factory);
     if (args == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    items = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)dd, &PyId_items);
+    items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)dd, &_Py_ID(items));
     if (items == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(args);
         return NULL;
@@ -2310,8 +2308,6 @@ _collections__count_elements_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *mapping,
                                   PyObject *iterable)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=7e0c1789636b3d8f input=e79fad04534a0b45]*/
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(get);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__setitem__);
     PyObject *it, *oldval;
     PyObject *newval = NULL;
     PyObject *key = NULL;
@@ -2329,10 +2325,10 @@ _collections__count_elements_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *mapping,
     /* Only take the fast path when get() and __setitem__()
      * have not been overridden.
      */
-    mapping_get = _PyType_LookupId(Py_TYPE(mapping), &PyId_get);
-    dict_get = _PyType_LookupId(&PyDict_Type, &PyId_get);
-    mapping_setitem = _PyType_LookupId(Py_TYPE(mapping), &PyId___setitem__);
-    dict_setitem = _PyType_LookupId(&PyDict_Type, &PyId___setitem__);
+    mapping_get = _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(mapping), &_Py_ID(get));
+    dict_get = _PyType_Lookup(&PyDict_Type, &_Py_ID(get));
+    mapping_setitem = _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(mapping), &_Py_ID(__setitem__));
+    dict_setitem = _PyType_Lookup(&PyDict_Type, &_Py_ID(__setitem__));
 
     if (mapping_get != NULL && mapping_get == dict_get &&
         mapping_setitem != NULL && mapping_setitem == dict_setitem &&
@@ -2381,7 +2377,7 @@ _collections__count_elements_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *mapping,
         }
     }
     else {
-        bound_get = _PyObject_GetAttrId(mapping, &PyId_get);
+        bound_get = PyObject_GetAttr(mapping, &_Py_ID(get));
         if (bound_get == NULL)
             goto done;
 
diff --git a/Modules/_csv.c b/Modules/_csv.c
index 1c2f504ea5c09..d2cb77f9f0334 100644
--- a/Modules/_csv.c
+++ b/Modules/_csv.c
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ module instead.
 
 #define MODULE_VERSION "1.0"
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 #include <stdbool.h>
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
index 15eb7521baa1c..481de85fde3ad 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/_ctypes.c
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ bytes(cdata)
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c b/Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c
index a8fee0de71aa8..f2d9a530e6e38 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/callbacks.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 // windows.h must be included before pycore internal headers
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c b/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
index da2956788a1dd..6dba0ffaa5159 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/callproc.c
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
 
  */
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 
diff --git a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
index 3470cf114db4f..a819ce910d4b5 100644
--- a/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
+++ b/Modules/_ctypes/stgdict.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 // windows.h must be included before pycore internal headers
diff --git a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
index 423b042b90755..7e2699e1b5c5b 100644
--- a/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_cursesmodule.c
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ static const char PyCursesVersion[] = "2.2";
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 
diff --git a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
index fda8401b84cd1..ae97190bccbde 100644
--- a/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_datetimemodule.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_long.h"          // _PyLong_GetOne()
diff --git a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
index c0371fb3f3b20..65778fa77bfec 100644
--- a/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_dbmmodule.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 #include "Python.h"
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
diff --git a/Modules/_elementtree.c b/Modules/_elementtree.c
index 9dadeef712938..f155dc72152d4 100644
--- a/Modules/_elementtree.c
+++ b/Modules/_elementtree.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
diff --git a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
index 445500c7ee4c1..2d690c0abfd08 100644
--- a/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_gdbmmodule.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 /* Doc strings: Mitch Chapman */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "gdbm.h"
 
diff --git a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
index 116688da5e7af..9ecc6718cb1fd 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/_iomodule.c
@@ -241,11 +241,6 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
 
     PyObject *raw, *modeobj = NULL, *buffer, *wrapper, *result = NULL, *path_or_fd = NULL;
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_blksize);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(mode);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-
     is_number = PyNumber_Check(file);
 
     if (is_number) {
@@ -381,7 +376,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
 
     /* buffering */
     if (buffering < 0) {
-        PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(raw, &PyId_isatty);
+        PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(raw, &_Py_ID(isatty));
         if (res == NULL)
             goto error;
         isatty = PyLong_AsLong(res);
@@ -399,7 +394,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
 
     if (buffering < 0) {
         PyObject *blksize_obj;
-        blksize_obj = _PyObject_GetAttrId(raw, &PyId__blksize);
+        blksize_obj = PyObject_GetAttr(raw, &_Py_ID(_blksize));
         if (blksize_obj == NULL)
             goto error;
         buffering = PyLong_AsLong(blksize_obj);
@@ -466,7 +461,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
     result = wrapper;
     Py_DECREF(buffer);
 
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(wrapper, &PyId_mode, modeobj) < 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(wrapper, &_Py_ID(mode), modeobj) < 0)
         goto error;
     Py_DECREF(modeobj);
     return result;
@@ -475,7 +470,7 @@ _io_open_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *file, const char *mode,
     if (result != NULL) {
         PyObject *exc, *val, *tb, *close_result;
         PyErr_Fetch(&exc, &val, &tb);
-        close_result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(result, &PyId_close);
+        close_result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(result, &_Py_ID(close));
         _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc, val, tb);
         Py_XDECREF(close_result);
         Py_DECREF(result);
diff --git a/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c b/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
index 28995051abd4b..bb93ae361f892 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/bufferedio.c
@@ -25,21 +25,6 @@ class _io.BufferedRandom "buffered *" "&PyBufferedRandom_Type"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=59460b9c5639984d]*/
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(_dealloc_warn);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(mode);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(peek);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(read);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(read1);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(readable);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(readinto);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(readinto1);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(writable);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(write);
-
 /*
  * BufferedIOBase class, inherits from IOBase.
  */
@@ -65,9 +50,10 @@ _bufferediobase_readinto_generic(PyObject *self, Py_buffer *buffer, char readint
     Py_ssize_t len;
     PyObject *data;
 
-    data = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self,
-                                  readinto1 ? &PyId_read1 : &PyId_read,
-                                  "n", buffer->len);
+    PyObject *attr = readinto1
+        ? &_Py_ID(read1)
+        : &_Py_ID(read);
+    data = _PyObject_CallMethod(self, attr, "n", buffer->len);
     if (data == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -436,8 +422,7 @@ buffered_dealloc_warn(buffered *self, PyObject *source)
 {
     if (self->ok && self->raw) {
         PyObject *r;
-        r = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self->raw, &PyId__dealloc_warn,
-                                         source);
+        r = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(self->raw, &_Py_ID(_dealloc_warn), source);
         if (r)
             Py_DECREF(r);
         else
@@ -583,14 +568,14 @@ static PyObject *
 buffered_name_get(buffered *self, void *context)
 {
     CHECK_INITIALIZED(self)
-    return _PyObject_GetAttrId(self->raw, &PyId_name);
+    return PyObject_GetAttr(self->raw, &_Py_ID(name));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 buffered_mode_get(buffered *self, void *context)
 {
     CHECK_INITIALIZED(self)
-    return _PyObject_GetAttrId(self->raw, &PyId_mode);
+    return PyObject_GetAttr(self->raw, &_Py_ID(mode));
 }
 
 /* Lower-level APIs */
@@ -1381,7 +1366,7 @@ buffered_repr(buffered *self)
 {
     PyObject *nameobj, *res;
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *) self, &PyId_name, &nameobj) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *) self, &_Py_ID(name), &nameobj) < 0) {
         if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError)) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -2153,7 +2138,7 @@ bufferedrwpair_dealloc(rwpair *self)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-_forward_call(buffered *self, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject *args)
+_forward_call(buffered *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *args)
 {
     PyObject *func, *ret;
     if (self == NULL) {
@@ -2162,9 +2147,9 @@ _forward_call(buffered *self, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject *args)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    func = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)self, name);
+    func = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)self, name);
     if (func == NULL) {
-        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError, name->string);
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, name);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -2176,67 +2161,67 @@ _forward_call(buffered *self, _Py_Identifier *name, PyObject *args)
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_read(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_read, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(read), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_peek(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_peek, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(peek), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_read1(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_read1, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(read1), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_readinto(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_readinto, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(readinto), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_readinto1(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_readinto1, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(readinto1), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_write(rwpair *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->writer, &PyId_write, args);
+    return _forward_call(self->writer, &_Py_ID(write), args);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_flush(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->writer, &PyId_flush, NULL);
+    return _forward_call(self->writer, &_Py_ID(flush), NULL);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_readable(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_readable, NULL);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(readable), NULL);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_writable(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return _forward_call(self->writer, &PyId_writable, NULL);
+    return _forward_call(self->writer, &_Py_ID(writable), NULL);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_close(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     PyObject *exc = NULL, *val, *tb;
-    PyObject *ret = _forward_call(self->writer, &PyId_close, NULL);
+    PyObject *ret = _forward_call(self->writer, &_Py_ID(close), NULL);
     if (ret == NULL)
         PyErr_Fetch(&exc, &val, &tb);
     else
         Py_DECREF(ret);
-    ret = _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_close, NULL);
+    ret = _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(close), NULL);
     if (exc != NULL) {
         _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc, val, tb);
         Py_CLEAR(ret);
@@ -2247,7 +2232,7 @@ bufferedrwpair_close(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 static PyObject *
 bufferedrwpair_isatty(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyObject *ret = _forward_call(self->writer, &PyId_isatty, NULL);
+    PyObject *ret = _forward_call(self->writer, &_Py_ID(isatty), NULL);
 
     if (ret != Py_False) {
         /* either True or exception */
@@ -2255,7 +2240,7 @@ bufferedrwpair_isatty(rwpair *self, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     }
     Py_DECREF(ret);
 
-    return _forward_call(self->reader, &PyId_isatty, NULL);
+    return _forward_call(self->reader, &_Py_ID(isatty), NULL);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Modules/_io/fileio.c b/Modules/_io/fileio.c
index dd215e8939944..8b1cff56d75fa 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/fileio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/fileio.c
@@ -72,8 +72,6 @@ typedef struct {
 
 PyTypeObject PyFileIO_Type;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-
 #define PyFileIO_Check(op) (PyObject_TypeCheck((op), &PyFileIO_Type))
 
 /* Forward declarations */
@@ -146,9 +144,8 @@ _io_FileIO_close_impl(fileio *self)
     PyObject *res;
     PyObject *exc, *val, *tb;
     int rc;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg((PyObject*)&PyRawIOBase_Type,
-                                       &PyId_close, (PyObject *)self);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg((PyObject*)&PyRawIOBase_Type,
+                                     &_Py_ID(close), (PyObject *)self);
     if (!self->closefd) {
         self->fd = -1;
         return res;
@@ -476,7 +473,7 @@ _Py_COMP_DIAG_POP
     _setmode(self->fd, O_BINARY);
 #endif
 
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId((PyObject *)self, &PyId_name, nameobj) < 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(name), nameobj) < 0)
         goto error;
 
     if (self->appending) {
@@ -1085,7 +1082,7 @@ fileio_repr(fileio *self)
     if (self->fd < 0)
         return PyUnicode_FromFormat("<_io.FileIO [closed]>");
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *) self, &PyId_name, &nameobj) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *) self, &_Py_ID(name), &nameobj) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (nameobj == NULL) {
diff --git a/Modules/_io/iobase.c b/Modules/_io/iobase.c
index 5b687b78176e8..74663e007b1e5 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/iobase.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/iobase.c
@@ -69,9 +69,6 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(iobase_doc,
    of the IOBase object rather than the virtual `closed` attribute as returned
    by whatever subclass. */
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__IOBase_closed);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(read);
-
 
 /* Internal methods */
 static PyObject *
@@ -114,9 +111,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _io__IOBase_tell_impl(PyObject *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=89a1c0807935abe2 input=04e615fec128801f]*/
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(seek);
-
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodId(self, &PyId_seek, "ii", 0, 1);
+    return _PyObject_CallMethod(self, &_Py_ID(seek), "ii", 0, 1);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(iobase_truncate_doc,
@@ -138,7 +133,7 @@ iobase_is_closed(PyObject *self)
     int ret;
     /* This gets the derived attribute, which is *not* __IOBase_closed
        in most cases! */
-    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(self, &PyId___IOBase_closed, &res);
+    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__IOBase_closed), &res);
     Py_XDECREF(res);
     return ret;
 }
@@ -239,7 +234,7 @@ _io__IOBase_close_impl(PyObject *self)
     res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self, _PyIO_str_flush);
 
     PyErr_Fetch(&exc, &val, &tb);
-    rc = _PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId___IOBase_closed, Py_True);
+    rc = PyObject_SetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__IOBase_closed), Py_True);
     _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc, val, tb);
     if (rc < 0) {
         Py_CLEAR(res);
@@ -260,7 +255,6 @@ iobase_finalize(PyObject *self)
     PyObject *res;
     PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
     int closed;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_finalizing);
 
     /* Save the current exception, if any. */
     PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
@@ -280,7 +274,7 @@ iobase_finalize(PyObject *self)
     if (closed == 0) {
         /* Signal close() that it was called as part of the object
            finalization process. */
-        if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(self, &PyId__finalizing, Py_True))
+        if (PyObject_SetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(_finalizing), Py_True))
             PyErr_Clear();
         res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)self, _PyIO_str_close);
         /* Silencing I/O errors is bad, but printing spurious tracebacks is
@@ -597,7 +591,7 @@ _io__IOBase_readline_impl(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t limit)
             Py_DECREF(readahead);
         }
 
-        b = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self, &PyId_read, "n", nreadahead);
+        b = _PyObject_CallMethod(self, &_Py_ID(read), "n", nreadahead);
         if (b == NULL) {
             /* NOTE: PyErr_SetFromErrno() calls PyErr_CheckSignals()
                when EINTR occurs so we needn't do it ourselves. */
@@ -697,10 +691,8 @@ _io__IOBase_readlines_impl(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t hint)
         /* XXX special-casing this made sense in the Python version in order
            to remove the bytecode interpretation overhead, but it could
            probably be removed here. */
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(extend);
-        PyObject *ret = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(result, &PyId_extend,
-                                                      self, NULL);
-
+        PyObject *ret = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(result, &_Py_ID(extend),
+                                                   self, NULL);
         if (ret == NULL) {
             goto error;
         }
@@ -919,9 +911,7 @@ _io__RawIOBase_read_impl(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t n)
     PyObject *b, *res;
 
     if (n < 0) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(readall);
-
-        return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self, &PyId_readall);
+        return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self, &_Py_ID(readall));
     }
 
     /* TODO: allocate a bytes object directly instead and manually construct
@@ -967,8 +957,8 @@ _io__RawIOBase_readall_impl(PyObject *self)
         return NULL;
 
     while (1) {
-        PyObject *data = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self, &PyId_read,
-                                                "i", DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        PyObject *data = _PyObject_CallMethod(self, &_Py_ID(read),
+                                              "i", DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
         if (!data) {
             /* NOTE: PyErr_SetFromErrno() calls PyErr_CheckSignals()
                when EINTR occurs so we needn't do it ourselves. */
diff --git a/Modules/_io/textio.c b/Modules/_io/textio.c
index eb05ae1a16eb0..d5ceec7981f3a 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/textio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/textio.c
@@ -23,26 +23,6 @@ class _io.TextIOWrapper "textio *" "&TextIOWrapper_TYpe"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=2097a4fc85670c26]*/
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(_dealloc_warn);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(decode);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(fileno);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(mode);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(raw);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(read);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(readable);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(replace);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(reset);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(seek);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(seekable);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(setstate);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(strict);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(tell);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(writable);
-
 /* TextIOBase */
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(textiobase_doc,
@@ -255,9 +235,7 @@ _io_IncrementalNewlineDecoder___init___impl(nldecoder_object *self,
     Py_INCREF(decoder);
 
     if (errors == NULL) {
-        self->errors = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_strict);
-        if (self->errors == NULL)
-            return -1;
+        self->errors = &_Py_ID(strict);
     }
     else {
         self->errors = errors;
@@ -586,11 +564,13 @@ _io_IncrementalNewlineDecoder_setstate(nldecoder_object *self,
     self->pendingcr = (int) (flag & 1);
     flag >>= 1;
 
-    if (self->decoder != Py_None)
-        return _PyObject_CallMethodId(self->decoder,
-                                      &PyId_setstate, "((OK))", buffer, flag);
-    else
+    if (self->decoder != Py_None) {
+        return _PyObject_CallMethod(self->decoder, &_Py_ID(setstate),
+                                    "((OK))", buffer, flag);
+    }
+    else {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
+    }
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -865,7 +845,7 @@ _textiowrapper_set_decoder(textio *self, PyObject *codec_info,
     PyObject *res;
     int r;
 
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_readable);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(readable));
     if (res == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -920,7 +900,7 @@ _textiowrapper_set_encoder(textio *self, PyObject *codec_info,
     PyObject *res;
     int r;
 
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_writable);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(writable));
     if (res == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -939,7 +919,7 @@ _textiowrapper_set_encoder(textio *self, PyObject *codec_info,
         return -1;
 
     /* Get the normalized named of the codec */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(codec_info, &PyId_name, &res) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(codec_info, &_Py_ID(name), &res) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (res != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(res)) {
@@ -1099,10 +1079,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
     }
 
     if (errors == Py_None) {
-        errors = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_strict); /* borrowed */
-        if (errors == NULL) {
-            return -1;
-        }
+        errors = &_Py_ID(strict);
     }
     else if (!PyUnicode_Check(errors)) {
         // Check 'errors' argument here because Argument Clinic doesn't support
@@ -1142,7 +1119,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
         state = IO_STATE();
         if (state == NULL)
             goto error;
-        fileno = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(buffer, &PyId_fileno);
+        fileno = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(buffer, &_Py_ID(fileno));
         /* Ignore only AttributeError and UnsupportedOperation */
         if (fileno == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError) ||
@@ -1228,7 +1205,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
         Py_IS_TYPE(buffer, &PyBufferedWriter_Type) ||
         Py_IS_TYPE(buffer, &PyBufferedRandom_Type))
     {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(buffer, &PyId_raw, &raw) < 0)
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(buffer, &_Py_ID(raw), &raw) < 0)
             goto error;
         /* Cache the raw FileIO object to speed up 'closed' checks */
         if (raw != NULL) {
@@ -1239,7 +1216,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper___init___impl(textio *self, PyObject *buffer,
         }
     }
 
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(buffer, &PyId_seekable);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(buffer, &_Py_ID(seekable));
     if (res == NULL)
         goto error;
     r = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
@@ -1302,10 +1279,7 @@ textiowrapper_change_encoding(textio *self, PyObject *encoding,
         }
     }
     else if (errors == Py_None) {
-        errors = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_strict);
-        if (errors == NULL) {
-            return -1;
-        }
+        errors = &_Py_ID(strict);
     }
 
     const char *c_errors = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(errors);
@@ -1640,8 +1614,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_write_impl(textio *self, PyObject *text)
             haslf = 1;
 
     if (haslf && self->writetranslate && self->writenl != NULL) {
-        PyObject *newtext = _PyObject_CallMethodId(
-            text, &PyId_replace, "ss", "\n", self->writenl);
+        PyObject *newtext = _PyObject_CallMethod(text, &_Py_ID(replace),
+                                                 "ss", "\n", self->writenl);
         Py_DECREF(text);
         if (newtext == NULL)
             return NULL;
@@ -1740,7 +1714,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_write_impl(textio *self, PyObject *text)
     Py_CLEAR(self->snapshot);
 
     if (self->decoder) {
-        ret = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->decoder, &PyId_reset);
+        ret = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->decoder, &_Py_ID(reset));
         if (ret == NULL)
             return NULL;
         Py_DECREF(ret);
@@ -1944,7 +1918,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_read_impl(textio *self, Py_ssize_t n)
 
     if (n < 0) {
         /* Read everything */
-        PyObject *bytes = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_read);
+        PyObject *bytes = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(read));
         PyObject *decoded;
         if (bytes == NULL)
             goto fail;
@@ -2404,13 +2378,16 @@ _textiowrapper_decoder_setstate(textio *self, cookie_type *cookie)
        at start is not (b"", 0) but e.g. (b"", 2) (meaning, in the case of
        utf-16, that we are expecting a BOM).
     */
-    if (cookie->start_pos == 0 && cookie->dec_flags == 0)
+    if (cookie->start_pos == 0 && cookie->dec_flags == 0) {
         res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->decoder, _PyIO_str_reset);
-    else
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self->decoder, &PyId_setstate,
-                                     "((yi))", "", cookie->dec_flags);
-    if (res == NULL)
+    }
+    else {
+        res = _PyObject_CallMethod(self->decoder, &_Py_ID(setstate),
+                                   "((yi))", "", cookie->dec_flags);
+    }
+    if (res == NULL) {
         return -1;
+    }
     Py_DECREF(res);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -2487,7 +2464,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(textio *self, PyObject *cookieObj, int whence)
          * sync the underlying buffer with the current position.
          */
         Py_DECREF(cookieObj);
-        cookieObj = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId_tell);
+        cookieObj = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(tell));
         if (cookieObj == NULL)
             goto fail;
         break;
@@ -2503,7 +2480,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(textio *self, PyObject *cookieObj, int whence)
             goto fail;
         }
 
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId_flush);
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (res == NULL)
             goto fail;
         Py_DECREF(res);
@@ -2511,13 +2488,13 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(textio *self, PyObject *cookieObj, int whence)
         textiowrapper_set_decoded_chars(self, NULL);
         Py_CLEAR(self->snapshot);
         if (self->decoder) {
-            res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->decoder, &PyId_reset);
+            res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->decoder, &_Py_ID(reset));
             if (res == NULL)
                 goto fail;
             Py_DECREF(res);
         }
 
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(self->buffer, &PyId_seek, "ii", 0, 2);
+        res = _PyObject_CallMethod(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(seek), "ii", 0, 2);
         Py_CLEAR(cookieObj);
         if (res == NULL)
             goto fail;
@@ -2583,8 +2560,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(textio *self, PyObject *cookieObj, int whence)
 
     if (cookie.chars_to_skip) {
         /* Just like _read_chunk, feed the decoder and save a snapshot. */
-        PyObject *input_chunk = _PyObject_CallMethodId(
-            self->buffer, &PyId_read, "i", cookie.bytes_to_feed);
+        PyObject *input_chunk = _PyObject_CallMethod(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(read),
+                                                     "i", cookie.bytes_to_feed);
         PyObject *decoded;
 
         if (input_chunk == NULL)
@@ -2605,7 +2582,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seek_impl(textio *self, PyObject *cookieObj, int whence)
         }
         Py_XSETREF(self->snapshot, snapshot);
 
-        decoded = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(self->decoder, &PyId_decode,
+        decoded = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(self->decoder, &_Py_ID(decode),
             input_chunk, cookie.need_eof ? Py_True : Py_False, NULL);
 
         if (check_decoded(decoded) < 0)
@@ -2673,12 +2650,12 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl(textio *self)
 
     if (_textiowrapper_writeflush(self) < 0)
         return NULL;
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId_flush);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (res == NULL)
         goto fail;
     Py_DECREF(res);
 
-    posobj = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_tell);
+    posobj = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(tell));
     if (posobj == NULL)
         goto fail;
 
@@ -2750,8 +2727,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl(textio *self)
     } while (0)
 
 #define DECODER_DECODE(start, len, res) do { \
-        PyObject *_decoded = _PyObject_CallMethodId( \
-            self->decoder, &PyId_decode, "y#", start, len); \
+        PyObject *_decoded = _PyObject_CallMethod( \
+            self->decoder, &_Py_ID(decode), "y#", start, len); \
         if (check_decoded(_decoded) < 0) \
             goto fail; \
         res = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(_decoded); \
@@ -2832,8 +2809,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl(textio *self)
     }
     if (input == input_end) {
         /* We didn't get enough decoded data; signal EOF to get more. */
-        PyObject *decoded = _PyObject_CallMethodId(
-            self->decoder, &PyId_decode, "yO", "", /* final = */ Py_True);
+        PyObject *decoded = _PyObject_CallMethod(
+            self->decoder, &_Py_ID(decode), "yO", "", /* final = */ Py_True);
         if (check_decoded(decoded) < 0)
             goto fail;
         chars_decoded += PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(decoded);
@@ -2848,7 +2825,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl(textio *self)
     }
 
 finally:
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self->decoder, &PyId_setstate, saved_state);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            self->decoder, &_Py_ID(setstate), saved_state);
     Py_DECREF(saved_state);
     if (res == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -2862,7 +2840,8 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_tell_impl(textio *self)
     if (saved_state) {
         PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
         PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self->decoder, &PyId_setstate, saved_state);
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+                self->decoder, &_Py_ID(setstate), saved_state);
         _PyErr_ChainExceptions(type, value, traceback);
         Py_DECREF(saved_state);
         Py_XDECREF(res);
@@ -2913,7 +2892,7 @@ textiowrapper_repr(textio *self)
         }
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *) self, &PyId_name, &nameobj) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *) self, &_Py_ID(name), &nameobj) < 0) {
         if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError)) {
             goto error;
         }
@@ -2929,7 +2908,7 @@ textiowrapper_repr(textio *self)
         if (res == NULL)
             goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *) self, &PyId_mode, &modeobj) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *) self, &_Py_ID(mode), &modeobj) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
     if (modeobj != NULL) {
@@ -2969,7 +2948,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_fileno_impl(textio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=21490a4c3da13e6c input=c488ca83d0069f9b]*/
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_fileno);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(fileno));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2981,7 +2960,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_seekable_impl(textio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=ab223dbbcffc0f00 input=8b005ca06e1fca13]*/
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_seekable);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(seekable));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -2993,7 +2972,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_readable_impl(textio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=72ff7ba289a8a91b input=0704ea7e01b0d3eb]*/
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_readable);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(readable));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3005,7 +2984,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_writable_impl(textio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=a728c71790d03200 input=c41740bc9d8636e8]*/
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_writable);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(writable));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3017,7 +2996,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_isatty_impl(textio *self)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=12be1a35bace882e input=fb68d9f2c99bbfff]*/
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_isatty);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(isatty));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3033,7 +3012,7 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_flush_impl(textio *self)
     self->telling = self->seekable;
     if (_textiowrapper_writeflush(self) < 0)
         return NULL;
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_flush);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(flush));
 }
 
 /*[clinic input]
@@ -3062,21 +3041,20 @@ _io_TextIOWrapper_close_impl(textio *self)
     else {
         PyObject *exc = NULL, *val, *tb;
         if (self->finalizing) {
-            res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(self->buffer,
-                                              &PyId__dealloc_warn,
-                                              (PyObject *)self);
+            res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(_dealloc_warn),
+                                            (PyObject *)self);
             if (res)
                 Py_DECREF(res);
             else
                 PyErr_Clear();
         }
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId_flush);
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (res == NULL)
             PyErr_Fetch(&exc, &val, &tb);
         else
             Py_DECREF(res);
 
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(self->buffer, &PyId_close);
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(close));
         if (exc != NULL) {
             _PyErr_ChainExceptions(exc, val, tb);
             Py_CLEAR(res);
@@ -3127,7 +3105,7 @@ static PyObject *
 textiowrapper_name_get(textio *self, void *context)
 {
     CHECK_ATTACHED(self);
-    return _PyObject_GetAttrId(self->buffer, &PyId_name);
+    return PyObject_GetAttr(self->buffer, &_Py_ID(name));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c b/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
index 4002d28fc9b35..5c1a6dd86fc54 100644
--- a/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
+++ b/Modules/_io/winconsoleio.c
@@ -156,8 +156,6 @@ typedef struct {
 
 PyTypeObject PyWindowsConsoleIO_Type;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-
 int
 _PyWindowsConsoleIO_closed(PyObject *self)
 {
@@ -196,9 +194,8 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO_close_impl(winconsoleio *self)
     PyObject *res;
     PyObject *exc, *val, *tb;
     int rc;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg((PyObject*)&PyRawIOBase_Type,
-                                       &PyId_close, (PyObject*)self);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg((PyObject*)&PyRawIOBase_Type,
+                                    &_Py_ID(close), (PyObject*)self);
     if (!self->closefd) {
         self->fd = -1;
         return res;
@@ -394,7 +391,7 @@ _io__WindowsConsoleIO___init___impl(winconsoleio *self, PyObject *nameobj,
     self->blksize = DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
     memset(self->buf, 0, 4);
 
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId((PyObject *)self, &PyId_name, nameobj) < 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(name), nameobj) < 0)
         goto error;
 
     goto done;
diff --git a/Modules/_json.c b/Modules/_json.c
index 1c9c50665d466..f7a3e38de9926 100644
--- a/Modules/_json.c
+++ b/Modules/_json.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
diff --git a/Modules/_lzmamodule.c b/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
index e50f55b75c5dc..e3fc90e5175eb 100644
--- a/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_lzmamodule.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
diff --git a/Modules/_operator.c b/Modules/_operator.c
index b3a8bef2eaedd..10adabcbf0e85 100644
--- a/Modules/_operator.c
+++ b/Modules/_operator.c
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
 #include "clinic/_operator.c.h"
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -1693,11 +1694,10 @@ methodcaller_reduce(methodcallerobject *mc, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         PyObject *constructor;
         PyObject *newargs[2];
 
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(partial);
         functools = PyImport_ImportModule("functools");
         if (!functools)
             return NULL;
-        partial = _PyObject_GetAttrId(functools, &PyId_partial);
+        partial = PyObject_GetAttr(functools, &_Py_ID(partial));
         Py_DECREF(functools);
         if (!partial)
             return NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/_pickle.c b/Modules/_pickle.c
index 0d9e57aa90d22..19e8a71073c97 100644
--- a/Modules/_pickle.c
+++ b/Modules/_pickle.c
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_floatobject.h"   // _PyFloat_Pack8()
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 
 #include <stdlib.h>               // strtol()
@@ -35,6 +37,13 @@ enum {
     DEFAULT_PROTOCOL = 4
 };
 
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+// These are already typedefs from windows.h, pulled in via pycore_runtime.h.
+#define FLOAT FLOAT_
+#define INT INT_
+#define LONG LONG_
+#endif
+
 /* Pickle opcodes. These must be kept updated with pickle.py.
    Extensive docs are in pickletools.py. */
 enum opcode {
@@ -225,9 +234,8 @@ _Pickle_InitState(PickleState *st)
     PyObject *compat_pickle = NULL;
     PyObject *codecs = NULL;
     PyObject *functools = NULL;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(getattr);
 
-    st->getattr = _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_getattr);
+    st->getattr = _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(getattr));
     if (st->getattr == NULL)
         goto error;
 
@@ -373,7 +381,7 @@ _Pickle_FastCall(PyObject *func, PyObject *obj)
 /* Retrieve and deconstruct a method for avoiding a reference cycle
    (pickler -> bound method of pickler -> pickler) */
 static int
-init_method_ref(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *name,
+init_method_ref(PyObject *self, PyObject *name,
                 PyObject **method_func, PyObject **method_self)
 {
     PyObject *func, *func2;
@@ -381,7 +389,7 @@ init_method_ref(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *name,
 
     /* *method_func and *method_self should be consistent.  All refcount decrements
        should be occurred after setting *method_self and *method_func. */
-    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(self, name, &func);
+    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttr(self, name, &func);
     if (func == NULL) {
         *method_self = NULL;
         Py_CLEAR(*method_func);
@@ -1175,9 +1183,8 @@ _Pickler_SetProtocol(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *protocol, int fix_imports)
 static int
 _Pickler_SetOutputStream(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *file)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(write);
     assert(file != NULL);
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(file, &PyId_write, &self->write) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(file, &_Py_ID(write), &self->write) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (self->write == NULL) {
@@ -1636,20 +1643,15 @@ _Unpickler_New(void)
 static int
 _Unpickler_SetInputStream(UnpicklerObject *self, PyObject *file)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(peek);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(read);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(readinto);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(readline);
-
     /* Optional file methods */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(file, &PyId_peek, &self->peek) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(file, &_Py_ID(peek), &self->peek) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(file, &PyId_readinto, &self->readinto) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(file, &_Py_ID(readinto), &self->readinto) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttrId(file, &PyId_read, &self->read);
-    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttrId(file, &PyId_readline, &self->readline);
+    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttr(file, &_Py_ID(read), &self->read);
+    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttr(file, &_Py_ID(readline), &self->readline);
     if (!self->readline || !self->read) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -1809,11 +1811,10 @@ memo_put(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
 static PyObject *
 get_dotted_path(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_dot, ".");
     PyObject *dotted_path;
     Py_ssize_t i, n;
 
-    dotted_path = PyUnicode_Split(name, _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_dot), -1);
+    dotted_path = PyUnicode_Split(name, &_Py_STR(dot), -1);
     if (dotted_path == NULL)
         return NULL;
     n = PyList_GET_SIZE(dotted_path);
@@ -1914,11 +1915,8 @@ whichmodule(PyObject *global, PyObject *dotted_path)
     PyObject *module = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *modules;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(modules);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__main__);
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(global, &PyId___module__, &module_name) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(global, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module_name) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (module_name) {
@@ -1932,7 +1930,8 @@ whichmodule(PyObject *global, PyObject *dotted_path)
     assert(module_name == NULL);
 
     /* Fallback on walking sys.modules */
-    modules = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_modules);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    modules = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(modules));
     if (modules == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to get sys.modules");
         return NULL;
@@ -1977,8 +1976,8 @@ whichmodule(PyObject *global, PyObject *dotted_path)
     }
 
     /* If no module is found, use __main__. */
-    module_name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___main__);
-    Py_XINCREF(module_name);
+    module_name = &_Py_ID(__main__);
+    Py_INCREF(module_name);
     return module_name;
 }
 
@@ -2427,13 +2426,12 @@ save_bytes(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
                 PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1(PyBytes_AS_STRING(obj),
                                        PyBytes_GET_SIZE(obj),
                                        "strict");
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(latin1);
 
             if (unicode_str == NULL)
                 return -1;
             reduce_value = Py_BuildValue("(O(OO))",
                                          st->codecs_encode, unicode_str,
-                                         _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_latin1));
+                                         &_Py_ID(latin1));
             Py_DECREF(unicode_str);
         }
 
@@ -3335,9 +3333,7 @@ save_dict(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
             status = batch_dict_exact(self, obj);
             Py_LeaveRecursiveCall();
         } else {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-
-            items = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(obj, &PyId_items);
+            items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(obj, &_Py_ID(items));
             if (items == NULL)
                 goto error;
             iter = PyObject_GetIter(items);
@@ -3589,8 +3585,6 @@ save_global(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
     PyObject *cls;
     PickleState *st = _Pickle_GetGlobalState();
     int status = 0;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
 
     const char global_op = GLOBAL;
 
@@ -3599,10 +3593,10 @@ save_global(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *name)
         global_name = name;
     }
     else {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___qualname__, &global_name) < 0)
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &global_name) < 0)
             goto error;
         if (global_name == NULL) {
-            global_name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(obj, &PyId___name__);
+            global_name = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__name__));
             if (global_name == NULL)
                 goto error;
         }
@@ -3923,9 +3917,8 @@ static PyObject *
 get_class(PyObject *obj)
 {
     PyObject *cls;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___class__, &cls) == 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__class__), &cls) == 0) {
         cls = (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(obj);
         Py_INCREF(cls);
     }
@@ -4008,18 +4001,14 @@ save_reduce(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *obj)
 
     if (self->proto >= 2) {
         PyObject *name;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
 
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(callable, &PyId___name__, &name) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(callable, &_Py_ID(__name__), &name) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
         if (name != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__newobj_ex__);
-            use_newobj_ex = _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(
-                    name, &PyId___newobj_ex__);
+            use_newobj_ex = _PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__newobj_ex__));
             if (!use_newobj_ex) {
-                _Py_IDENTIFIER(__newobj__);
-                use_newobj = _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(name, &PyId___newobj__);
+                use_newobj = _PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__newobj__));
             }
         }
         Py_XDECREF(name);
@@ -4071,13 +4060,12 @@ save_reduce(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *obj)
             PyObject *newargs;
             PyObject *cls_new;
             Py_ssize_t i;
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__new__);
 
             newargs = PyTuple_New(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) + 2);
             if (newargs == NULL)
                 return -1;
 
-            cls_new = _PyObject_GetAttrId(cls, &PyId___new__);
+            cls_new = PyObject_GetAttr(cls, &_Py_ID(__new__));
             if (cls_new == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(newargs);
                 return -1;
@@ -4412,9 +4400,6 @@ save(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, int pers_save)
         goto done;
     }
     else {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__reduce__);
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__reduce_ex__);
-
         /* XXX: If the __reduce__ method is defined, __reduce_ex__ is
            automatically defined as __reduce__. While this is convenient, this
            make it impossible to know which method was actually called. Of
@@ -4424,7 +4409,7 @@ save(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, int pers_save)
            don't actually have to check for a __reduce__ method. */
 
         /* Check for a __reduce_ex__ method. */
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___reduce_ex__, &reduce_func) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__reduce_ex__), &reduce_func) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
         if (reduce_func != NULL) {
@@ -4436,7 +4421,7 @@ save(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj, int pers_save)
         }
         else {
             /* Check for a __reduce__ method. */
-            if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___reduce__, &reduce_func) < 0) {
+            if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__reduce__), &reduce_func) < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
             if (reduce_func != NULL) {
@@ -4489,10 +4474,9 @@ dump(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *obj)
     const char stop_op = STOP;
     int status = -1;
     PyObject *tmp;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(reducer_override);
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)self, &PyId_reducer_override,
-                               &tmp) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(reducer_override),
+                             &tmp) < 0) {
       goto error;
     }
     /* Cache the reducer_override method, if it exists. */
@@ -4727,9 +4711,6 @@ _pickle_Pickler___init___impl(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *file,
                               PyObject *buffer_callback)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=0abedc50590d259b input=a7c969699bf5dad3]*/
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(persistent_id);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(dispatch_table);
-
     /* In case of multiple __init__() calls, clear previous content. */
     if (self->write != NULL)
         (void)Pickler_clear(self);
@@ -4762,14 +4743,14 @@ _pickle_Pickler___init___impl(PicklerObject *self, PyObject *file,
     self->fast_nesting = 0;
     self->fast_memo = NULL;
 
-    if (init_method_ref((PyObject *)self, &PyId_persistent_id,
+    if (init_method_ref((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(persistent_id),
                         &self->pers_func, &self->pers_func_self) < 0)
     {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)self,
-                                    &PyId_dispatch_table, &self->dispatch_table) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(dispatch_table),
+                             &self->dispatch_table) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -5123,10 +5104,8 @@ static PyTypeObject Pickler_Type = {
 static PyObject *
 find_class(UnpicklerObject *self, PyObject *module_name, PyObject *global_name)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(find_class);
-
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs((PyObject *)self, &PyId_find_class,
-                                         module_name, global_name, NULL);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(find_class),
+                                      module_name, global_name, NULL);
 }
 
 static Py_ssize_t
@@ -5813,14 +5792,12 @@ instantiate(PyObject *cls, PyObject *args)
        into a newly created tuple. */
     assert(PyTuple_Check(args));
     if (!PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args) && PyType_Check(cls)) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getinitargs__);
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__new__);
         PyObject *func;
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(cls, &PyId___getinitargs__, &func) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(cls, &_Py_ID(__getinitargs__), &func) < 0) {
             return NULL;
         }
         if (func == NULL) {
-            return _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(cls, &PyId___new__, cls);
+            return PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(cls, &_Py_ID(__new__), cls);
         }
         Py_DECREF(func);
     }
@@ -6465,9 +6442,8 @@ do_append(UnpicklerObject *self, Py_ssize_t x)
     }
     else {
         PyObject *extend_func;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(extend);
 
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(list, &PyId_extend, &extend_func) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(list, &_Py_ID(extend), &extend_func) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
         if (extend_func != NULL) {
@@ -6484,12 +6460,11 @@ do_append(UnpicklerObject *self, Py_ssize_t x)
         }
         else {
             PyObject *append_func;
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(append);
 
             /* Even if the PEP 307 requires extend() and append() methods,
                fall back on append() if the object has no extend() method
                for backward compatibility. */
-            append_func = _PyObject_GetAttrId(list, &PyId_append);
+            append_func = PyObject_GetAttr(list, &_Py_ID(append));
             if (append_func == NULL)
                 return -1;
             for (i = x; i < len; i++) {
@@ -6612,9 +6587,8 @@ load_additems(UnpicklerObject *self)
     }
     else {
         PyObject *add_func;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(add);
 
-        add_func = _PyObject_GetAttrId(set, &PyId_add);
+        add_func = PyObject_GetAttr(set, &_Py_ID(add));
         if (add_func == NULL)
             return -1;
         for (i = mark; i < len; i++) {
@@ -6642,7 +6616,6 @@ load_build(UnpicklerObject *self)
     PyObject *state, *inst, *slotstate;
     PyObject *setstate;
     int status = 0;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__setstate__);
 
     /* Stack is ... instance, state.  We want to leave instance at
      * the stack top, possibly mutated via instance.__setstate__(state).
@@ -6656,7 +6629,7 @@ load_build(UnpicklerObject *self)
 
     inst = self->stack->data[Py_SIZE(self->stack) - 1];
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(inst, &PyId___setstate__, &setstate) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(inst, &_Py_ID(__setstate__), &setstate) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(state);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -6692,14 +6665,13 @@ load_build(UnpicklerObject *self)
         PyObject *dict;
         PyObject *d_key, *d_value;
         Py_ssize_t i;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
 
         if (!PyDict_Check(state)) {
             PickleState *st = _Pickle_GetGlobalState();
             PyErr_SetString(st->UnpicklingError, "state is not a dictionary");
             goto error;
         }
-        dict = _PyObject_GetAttrId(inst, &PyId___dict__);
+        dict = PyObject_GetAttr(inst, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
         if (dict == NULL)
             goto error;
 
@@ -7251,8 +7223,6 @@ _pickle_Unpickler___init___impl(UnpicklerObject *self, PyObject *file,
                                 const char *errors, PyObject *buffers)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=09f0192649ea3f85 input=ca4c1faea9553121]*/
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(persistent_load);
-
     /* In case of multiple __init__() calls, clear previous content. */
     if (self->read != NULL)
         (void)Unpickler_clear(self);
@@ -7268,7 +7238,7 @@ _pickle_Unpickler___init___impl(UnpicklerObject *self, PyObject *file,
 
     self->fix_imports = fix_imports;
 
-    if (init_method_ref((PyObject *)self, &PyId_persistent_load,
+    if (init_method_ref((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(persistent_load),
                         &self->pers_func, &self->pers_func_self) < 0)
     {
         return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c b/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
index caefdf483a0df..cb8cd2a3d1807 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
  * 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
  */
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "module.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 #include "connection.h"
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c b/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c
index 4700afbbf1188..395b10f33ff3a 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
  * 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
  */
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "cursor.h"
 #include "module.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c b/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
index 95c799d306f30..697d1a788a3b0 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/microprotocols.c
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
  * 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
  */
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include <Python.h>
 
 #include "cursor.h"
diff --git a/Modules/_sqlite/module.c b/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
index 3b9f79799b5c5..cfa4b970e7320 100644
--- a/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
+++ b/Modules/_sqlite/module.c
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
  * 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
  */
 
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "connection.h"
 #include "statement.h"
 #include "cursor.h"
diff --git a/Modules/_ssl.c b/Modules/_ssl.c
index e17876e49a8be..07f0580ef6fc5 100644
--- a/Modules/_ssl.c
+++ b/Modules/_ssl.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #define OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED 1
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 
diff --git a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
index 498a7c2fd686b..0be42f33e23c9 100644
--- a/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_testcapimodule.c
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 
 #undef Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
 #undef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 /* Always enable assertions */
 #undef NDEBUG
@@ -3865,7 +3866,7 @@ slot_tp_del(PyObject *self)
     PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
 
     /* Execute __del__ method, if any. */
-    del = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(self, &PyId___tp_del__);
+    del = _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(self, &PyId___tp_del__);
     if (del != NULL) {
         res = PyObject_CallNoArgs(del);
         if (res == NULL)
diff --git a/Modules/_threadmodule.c b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
index 7052d4c887a66..072b79a75f3af 100644
--- a/Modules/_threadmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/_threadmodule.c
@@ -17,11 +17,6 @@
 // ThreadError is just an alias to PyExc_RuntimeError
 #define ThreadError PyExc_RuntimeError
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
-
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-
 
 // Forward declarations
 static struct PyModuleDef thread_module;
@@ -938,12 +933,7 @@ local_setattro(localobject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *v)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    PyObject *str_dict = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___dict__);  // borrowed ref
-    if (str_dict == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, str_dict, Py_EQ);
+    int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, &_Py_ID(__dict__), Py_EQ);
     if (r == -1) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -994,12 +984,7 @@ local_getattro(localobject *self, PyObject *name)
     if (ldict == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    PyObject *str_dict = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___dict__);  // borrowed ref
-    if (str_dict == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, str_dict, Py_EQ);
+    int r = PyObject_RichCompareBool(name, &_Py_ID(__dict__), Py_EQ);
     if (r == 1) {
         return Py_NewRef(ldict);
     }
@@ -1413,7 +1398,6 @@ static int
 thread_excepthook_file(PyObject *file, PyObject *exc_type, PyObject *exc_value,
                        PyObject *exc_traceback, PyObject *thread)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
     /* print(f"Exception in thread {thread.name}:", file=file) */
     if (PyFile_WriteString("Exception in thread ", file) < 0) {
         return -1;
@@ -1421,7 +1405,7 @@ thread_excepthook_file(PyObject *file, PyObject *exc_type, PyObject *exc_value,
 
     PyObject *name = NULL;
     if (thread != Py_None) {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(thread, &PyId_name, &name) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(thread, &_Py_ID(name), &name) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -1459,7 +1443,7 @@ thread_excepthook_file(PyObject *file, PyObject *exc_type, PyObject *exc_value,
     _PyErr_Display(file, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback);
 
     /* Call file.flush() */
-    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_flush);
+    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (!res) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1514,7 +1498,8 @@ thread_excepthook(PyObject *module, PyObject *args)
     PyObject *exc_tb = PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM(args, 2);
     PyObject *thread = PyStructSequence_GET_ITEM(args, 3);
 
-    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (file == NULL || file == Py_None) {
         if (thread == Py_None) {
             /* do nothing if sys.stderr is None and thread is None */
diff --git a/Modules/arraymodule.c b/Modules/arraymodule.c
index 8e430632813e6..4aaab0c531435 100644
--- a/Modules/arraymodule.c
+++ b/Modules/arraymodule.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include "Python.h"
diff --git a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
index ba558d0dbf2f1..df48a0deec7e9 100644
--- a/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
+++ b/Modules/cjkcodecs/multibytecodec.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 #include "multibytecodec.h"
diff --git a/Modules/faulthandler.c b/Modules/faulthandler.c
index 1888337cf9f39..46e18c17d8d35 100644
--- a/Modules/faulthandler.c
+++ b/Modules/faulthandler.c
@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@
 
 #define PUTS(fd, str) _Py_write_noraise(fd, str, strlen(str))
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(enable);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(fileno);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-
 #ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
 typedef struct sigaction _Py_sighandler_t;
 #else
@@ -155,7 +150,8 @@ faulthandler_get_fileno(PyObject **file_ptr)
     PyObject *file = *file_ptr;
 
     if (file == NULL || file == Py_None) {
-        file = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+        file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
         if (file == NULL) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "unable to get sys.stderr");
             return -1;
@@ -178,7 +174,7 @@ faulthandler_get_fileno(PyObject **file_ptr)
         return fd;
     }
 
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_fileno);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(fileno));
     if (result == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -196,7 +192,7 @@ faulthandler_get_fileno(PyObject **file_ptr)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_flush);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (result != NULL)
         Py_DECREF(result);
     else {
@@ -1336,7 +1332,7 @@ faulthandler_init_enable(void)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(module, &PyId_enable);
+    PyObject *res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(module, &_Py_ID(enable));
     Py_DECREF(module);
     if (res == NULL) {
         return -1;
diff --git a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
index 342a3e6555ba0..0ec65d57381d8 100644
--- a/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/itertoolsmodule.c
@@ -503,9 +503,8 @@ _grouper_next(_grouperobject *igo)
 static PyObject *
 _grouper_reduce(_grouperobject *lz, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     if (((groupbyobject *)lz->parent)->currgrouper != lz) {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
     }
     return Py_BuildValue("O(OO)", Py_TYPE(lz), lz->parent, lz->tgtkey);
 }
@@ -1015,7 +1014,6 @@ itertools_tee_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, Py_ssize_t n)
 {
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *it, *copyable, *copyfunc, *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__copy__);
 
     if (n < 0) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "n must be >= 0");
@@ -1032,7 +1030,7 @@ itertools_tee_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, Py_ssize_t n)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(it, &PyId___copy__, &copyfunc) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(it, &_Py_ID(__copy__), &copyfunc) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(it);
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
@@ -1047,7 +1045,7 @@ itertools_tee_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *iterable, Py_ssize_t n)
             Py_DECREF(result);
             return NULL;
         }
-        copyfunc = _PyObject_GetAttrId(copyable, &PyId___copy__);
+        copyfunc = PyObject_GetAttr(copyable, &_Py_ID(__copy__));
         if (copyfunc == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(copyable);
             Py_DECREF(result);
@@ -1179,9 +1177,8 @@ cycle_reduce(cycleobject *lz, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
         if (it == NULL)
             return NULL;
         if (lz->index != 0) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__setstate__);
-            PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(it, &PyId___setstate__,
-                                                   "n", lz->index);
+            PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethod(it, &_Py_ID(__setstate__),
+                                                 "n", lz->index);
             if (res == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(it);
                 return NULL;
@@ -4545,7 +4542,6 @@ static PyTypeObject ziplongest_type;
 static PyObject *
 zip_longest_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(fillvalue);
     ziplongestobject *lz;
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *ittuple;  /* tuple of iterators */
@@ -4556,7 +4552,7 @@ zip_longest_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     if (kwds != NULL && PyDict_CheckExact(kwds) && PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwds) > 0) {
         fillvalue = NULL;
         if (PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwds) == 1) {
-            fillvalue = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(kwds, &PyId_fillvalue);
+            fillvalue = PyDict_GetItemWithError(kwds, &_Py_ID(fillvalue));
         }
         if (fillvalue == NULL) {
             if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
diff --git a/Modules/main.c b/Modules/main.c
index b9bcea393abe3..2443f5631b94b 100644
--- a/Modules/main.c
+++ b/Modules/main.c
@@ -158,11 +158,10 @@ pymain_get_importer(const wchar_t *filename, PyObject **importer_p, int *exitcod
 static int
 pymain_sys_path_add_path0(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *path0)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(path);
     PyObject *sys_path;
     PyObject *sysdict = interp->sysdict;
     if (sysdict != NULL) {
-        sys_path = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(sysdict, &PyId_path);
+        sys_path = PyDict_GetItemWithError(sysdict, &_Py_ID(path));
         if (sys_path == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
         }
diff --git a/Modules/mathmodule.c b/Modules/mathmodule.c
index 0c7d4de068621..721c9a63d51b2 100644
--- a/Modules/mathmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mathmodule.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ raised for division by zero and mod by zero.
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_bitutils.h"      // _Py_bit_length()
@@ -1216,7 +1217,7 @@ math_ceil(PyObject *module, PyObject *number)
     _Py_IDENTIFIER(__ceil__);
 
     if (!PyFloat_CheckExact(number)) {
-        PyObject *method = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(number, &PyId___ceil__);
+        PyObject *method = _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(number, &PyId___ceil__);
         if (method != NULL) {
             PyObject *result = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(method);
             Py_DECREF(method);
@@ -1288,7 +1289,7 @@ math_floor(PyObject *module, PyObject *number)
     }
     else
     {
-        PyObject *method = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(number, &PyId___floor__);
+        PyObject *method = _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(number, &PyId___floor__);
         if (method != NULL) {
             PyObject *result = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(method);
             Py_DECREF(method);
@@ -2166,7 +2167,7 @@ math_trunc(PyObject *module, PyObject *x)
             return NULL;
     }
 
-    trunc = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(x, &PyId___trunc__);
+    trunc = _PyObject_LookupSpecialId(x, &PyId___trunc__);
     if (trunc == NULL) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred())
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
diff --git a/Modules/mmapmodule.c b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
index 7c9c28f7fab59..0a216941d0248 100644
--- a/Modules/mmapmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include <Python.h>
diff --git a/Modules/ossaudiodev.c b/Modules/ossaudiodev.c
index c9e788fd70457..172a6e4297531 100644
--- a/Modules/ossaudiodev.c
+++ b/Modules/ossaudiodev.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 #include "Python.h"
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index ea0435d7d52e6..6ef3610fce7c5 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@
 #  include "pycore_bitutils.h"    // _Py_popcount32()
 #endif
 #include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallNoArgs()
-#include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_closerange()
-#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_ReInitThreads()
+#include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_closerange()
 #include "pycore_import.h"        // _PyImport_ReInitLock()
 #include "pycore_initconfig.h"    // _PyStatus_EXCEPTION()
+#include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
+#include "pycore_object.h"        // _PyObject_LookupSpecial()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyInterpreterState_GET()
 
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
@@ -323,8 +324,6 @@ corresponding Unix manual entries for more information on calls.");
 #  endif  /* _MSC_VER */
 #endif  /* ! __WATCOMC__ || __QNX__ */
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__fspath__);
-
 /*[clinic input]
 # one of the few times we lie about this name!
 module os
@@ -1159,7 +1158,7 @@ path_converter(PyObject *o, void *p)
         /* Inline PyOS_FSPath() for better error messages. */
         PyObject *func, *res;
 
-        func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &PyId___fspath__);
+        func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &_Py_ID(__fspath__));
         if (NULL == func) {
             goto error_format;
         }
@@ -14437,7 +14436,7 @@ PyOS_FSPath(PyObject *path)
         return path;
     }
 
-    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(path, &PyId___fspath__);
+    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(path, &_Py_ID(__fspath__));
     if (NULL == func) {
         return PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                             "expected str, bytes or os.PathLike object, "
diff --git a/Modules/pyexpat.c b/Modules/pyexpat.c
index f2baab757f90c..f224f91f38fc3 100644
--- a/Modules/pyexpat.c
+++ b/Modules/pyexpat.c
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
+
 #include "Python.h"
 #include <ctype.h>
 
diff --git a/Modules/timemodule.c b/Modules/timemodule.c
index 4b7500aabded0..5b2d9b768ddd6 100644
--- a/Modules/timemodule.c
+++ b/Modules/timemodule.c
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"  // _PyModule_GetState()
 #include "pycore_namespace.h"     // _PyNamespace_New()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 
@@ -910,13 +911,12 @@ static PyObject *
 time_strptime(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
     PyObject *module, *func, *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_strptime_time);
 
     module = PyImport_ImportModule("_strptime");
     if (!module)
         return NULL;
 
-    func = _PyObject_GetAttrId(module, &PyId__strptime_time);
+    func = PyObject_GetAttr(module, &_Py_ID(_strptime_time));
     Py_DECREF(module);
     if (!func) {
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Modules/unicodedata.c b/Modules/unicodedata.c
index bdbddcf10b778..7369db53d2e0b 100644
--- a/Modules/unicodedata.c
+++ b/Modules/unicodedata.c
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE 1
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 #define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
 
diff --git a/Objects/abstract.c b/Objects/abstract.c
index ed99fd6c5aafb..6ad66a88b4619 100644
--- a/Objects/abstract.c
+++ b/Objects/abstract.c
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ PyObject_LengthHint(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t defaultvalue)
 {
     PyObject *hint, *result;
     Py_ssize_t res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__length_hint__);
     if (_PyObject_HasLen(o)) {
         res = PyObject_Length(o);
         if (res < 0) {
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ PyObject_LengthHint(PyObject *o, Py_ssize_t defaultvalue)
             return res;
         }
     }
-    hint = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &PyId___length_hint__);
+    hint = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &_Py_ID(__length_hint__));
     if (hint == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -177,14 +176,13 @@ PyObject_GetItem(PyObject *o, PyObject *key)
 
     if (PyType_Check(o)) {
         PyObject *meth, *result;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__class_getitem__);
 
         // Special case type[int], but disallow other types so str[int] fails
         if ((PyTypeObject*)o == &PyType_Type) {
             return Py_GenericAlias(o, key);
         }
 
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(o, &PyId___class_getitem__, &meth) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(o, &_Py_ID(__class_getitem__), &meth) < 0) {
             return NULL;
         }
         if (meth) {
@@ -770,7 +768,6 @@ PyObject_Format(PyObject *obj, PyObject *format_spec)
     PyObject *meth;
     PyObject *empty = NULL;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__format__);
 
     if (format_spec != NULL && !PyUnicode_Check(format_spec)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
@@ -797,7 +794,7 @@ PyObject_Format(PyObject *obj, PyObject *format_spec)
     }
 
     /* Find the (unbound!) __format__ method */
-    meth = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &PyId___format__);
+    meth = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &_Py_ID(__format__));
     if (meth == NULL) {
         PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
@@ -1520,7 +1517,6 @@ PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o)
     PyNumberMethods *m;
     PyObject *trunc_func;
     Py_buffer view;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__trunc__);
 
     if (o == NULL) {
         return null_error();
@@ -1562,7 +1558,7 @@ PyNumber_Long(PyObject *o)
     if (m && m->nb_index) {
         return PyNumber_Index(o);
     }
-    trunc_func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &PyId___trunc__);
+    trunc_func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &_Py_ID(__trunc__));
     if (trunc_func) {
         if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
                 "The delegation of int() to __trunc__ is deprecated.", 1)) {
@@ -2406,12 +2402,12 @@ PyMapping_HasKey(PyObject *o, PyObject *key)
    a helper for PyMapping_Keys(), PyMapping_Items() and PyMapping_Values().
  */
 static PyObject *
-method_output_as_list(PyObject *o, _Py_Identifier *meth_id)
+method_output_as_list(PyObject *o, PyObject *meth)
 {
     PyObject *it, *result, *meth_output;
 
     assert(o != NULL);
-    meth_output = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(o, meth_id);
+    meth_output = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(o, meth);
     if (meth_output == NULL || PyList_CheckExact(meth_output)) {
         return meth_output;
     }
@@ -2422,7 +2418,7 @@ method_output_as_list(PyObject *o, _Py_Identifier *meth_id)
             _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
                           "%.200s.%U() returned a non-iterable (type %.200s)",
                           Py_TYPE(o)->tp_name,
-                          _PyUnicode_FromId(meth_id),
+                          meth,
                           Py_TYPE(meth_output)->tp_name);
         }
         Py_DECREF(meth_output);
@@ -2437,43 +2433,37 @@ method_output_as_list(PyObject *o, _Py_Identifier *meth_id)
 PyObject *
 PyMapping_Keys(PyObject *o)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
-
     if (o == NULL) {
         return null_error();
     }
     if (PyDict_CheckExact(o)) {
         return PyDict_Keys(o);
     }
-    return method_output_as_list(o, &PyId_keys);
+    return method_output_as_list(o, &_Py_ID(keys));
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyMapping_Items(PyObject *o)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-
     if (o == NULL) {
         return null_error();
     }
     if (PyDict_CheckExact(o)) {
         return PyDict_Items(o);
     }
-    return method_output_as_list(o, &PyId_items);
+    return method_output_as_list(o, &_Py_ID(items));
 }
 
 PyObject *
 PyMapping_Values(PyObject *o)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(values);
-
     if (o == NULL) {
         return null_error();
     }
     if (PyDict_CheckExact(o)) {
         return PyDict_Values(o);
     }
-    return method_output_as_list(o, &PyId_values);
+    return method_output_as_list(o, &_Py_ID(values));
 }
 
 /* isinstance(), issubclass() */
@@ -2505,10 +2495,9 @@ PyMapping_Values(PyObject *o)
 static PyObject *
 abstract_get_bases(PyObject *cls)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__bases__);
     PyObject *bases;
 
-    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttrId(cls, &PyId___bases__, &bases);
+    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttr(cls, &_Py_ID(__bases__), &bases);
     if (bases != NULL && !PyTuple_Check(bases)) {
         Py_DECREF(bases);
         return NULL;
@@ -2589,11 +2578,10 @@ object_isinstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
 {
     PyObject *icls;
     int retval;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
     if (PyType_Check(cls)) {
         retval = PyObject_TypeCheck(inst, (PyTypeObject *)cls);
         if (retval == 0) {
-            retval = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(inst, &PyId___class__, &icls);
+            retval = _PyObject_LookupAttr(inst, &_Py_ID(__class__), &icls);
             if (icls != NULL) {
                 if (icls != (PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(inst)) && PyType_Check(icls)) {
                     retval = PyType_IsSubtype(
@@ -2611,7 +2599,7 @@ object_isinstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
         if (!check_class(cls,
             "isinstance() arg 2 must be a type, a tuple of types, or a union"))
             return -1;
-        retval = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(inst, &PyId___class__, &icls);
+        retval = _PyObject_LookupAttr(inst, &_Py_ID(__class__), &icls);
         if (icls != NULL) {
             retval = abstract_issubclass(icls, cls);
             Py_DECREF(icls);
@@ -2624,8 +2612,6 @@ object_isinstance(PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
 static int
 object_recursive_isinstance(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__instancecheck__);
-
     /* Quick test for an exact match */
     if (Py_IS_TYPE(inst, (PyTypeObject *)cls)) {
         return 1;
@@ -2656,7 +2642,7 @@ object_recursive_isinstance(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls
         return r;
     }
 
-    PyObject *checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &PyId___instancecheck__);
+    PyObject *checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &_Py_ID(__instancecheck__));
     if (checker != NULL) {
         if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __instancecheck__")) {
             Py_DECREF(checker);
@@ -2715,7 +2701,6 @@ recursive_issubclass(PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
 static int
 object_issubclass(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__subclasscheck__);
     PyObject *checker;
 
     /* We know what type's __subclasscheck__ does. */
@@ -2744,7 +2729,7 @@ object_issubclass(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *derived, PyObject *cls)
         return r;
     }
 
-    checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &PyId___subclasscheck__);
+    checker = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(cls, &_Py_ID(__subclasscheck__));
     if (checker != NULL) {
         int ok = -1;
         if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCall(tstate, " in __subclasscheck__")) {
@@ -2879,7 +2864,6 @@ PyIter_Next(PyObject *iter)
 PySendResult
 PyIter_Send(PyObject *iter, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(send);
     assert(arg != NULL);
     assert(result != NULL);
     if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async && Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_send) {
@@ -2891,7 +2875,7 @@ PyIter_Send(PyObject *iter, PyObject *arg, PyObject **result)
         *result = Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext(iter);
     }
     else {
-        *result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(iter, &PyId_send, arg);
+        *result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(iter, &_Py_ID(send), arg);
     }
     if (*result != NULL) {
         return PYGEN_NEXT;
diff --git a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
index 8fce83dbfb50b..0ebb2ece39d5d 100644
--- a/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
+++ b/Objects/bytearrayobject.c
@@ -2112,10 +2112,9 @@ static PyObject *
 _common_reduce(PyByteArrayObject *self, int proto)
 {
     PyObject *dict;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
     char *buf;
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)self, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &dict) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (dict == NULL) {
@@ -2428,12 +2427,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc,
 static PyObject *
 bytearrayiter_reduce(bytesiterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     if (it->it_seq != NULL) {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_seq, it->it_index);
     } else {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/bytesobject.c b/Objects/bytesobject.c
index cfc358f4deba2..3d8a21696d1c8 100644
--- a/Objects/bytesobject.c
+++ b/Objects/bytesobject.c
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ class bytes "PyBytesObject *" "&PyBytes_Type"
 
 #include "clinic/bytesobject.c.h"
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__bytes__);
-
 /* PyBytesObject_SIZE gives the basic size of a bytes object; any memory allocation
    for a bytes object of length n should request PyBytesObject_SIZE + n bytes.
 
@@ -530,7 +528,7 @@ format_obj(PyObject *v, const char **pbuf, Py_ssize_t *plen)
         return v;
     }
     /* does it support __bytes__? */
-    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(v, &PyId___bytes__);
+    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(v, &_Py_ID(__bytes__));
     if (func != NULL) {
         result = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(func);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -2582,7 +2580,7 @@ bytes_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *x, const char *encoding,
     /* We'd like to call PyObject_Bytes here, but we need to check for an
        integer argument before deferring to PyBytes_FromObject, something
        PyObject_Bytes doesn't do. */
-    else if ((func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(x, &PyId___bytes__)) != NULL) {
+    else if ((func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(x, &_Py_ID(__bytes__))) != NULL) {
         bytes = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(func);
         Py_DECREF(func);
         if (bytes == NULL)
@@ -3122,12 +3120,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc,
 static PyObject *
 striter_reduce(striterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     if (it->it_seq != NULL) {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_seq, it->it_index);
     } else {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/Objects/call.c b/Objects/call.c
index 310a2d732d170..c3939ea0d07da 100644
--- a/Objects/call.c
+++ b/Objects/call.c
@@ -607,7 +607,6 @@ callmethod(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject* callable, const char *format, va_lis
     return _PyObject_CallFunctionVa(tstate, callable, format, va, is_size_t);
 }
 
-
 PyObject *
 PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *obj, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
 {
@@ -658,6 +657,30 @@ PyEval_CallMethod(PyObject *obj, const char *name, const char *format, ...)
 }
 
 
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_CallMethod(PyObject *obj, PyObject *name,
+                     const char *format, ...)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (obj == NULL || name == NULL) {
+        return null_error(tstate);
+    }
+
+    PyObject *callable = PyObject_GetAttr(obj, name);
+    if (callable == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, format);
+    PyObject *retval = callmethod(tstate, callable, format, va, 1);
+    va_end(va);
+
+    Py_DECREF(callable);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
 PyObject *
 _PyObject_CallMethodId(PyObject *obj, _Py_Identifier *name,
                        const char *format, ...)
@@ -682,6 +705,17 @@ _PyObject_CallMethodId(PyObject *obj, _Py_Identifier *name,
 }
 
 
+PyObject * _PyObject_CallMethodFormat(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *callable,
+                                      const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, format);
+    PyObject *retval = callmethod(tstate, callable, format, va, 0);
+    va_end(va);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
 PyObject *
 _PyObject_CallMethod_SizeT(PyObject *obj, const char *name,
                            const char *format, ...)
diff --git a/Objects/classobject.c b/Objects/classobject.c
index 9d4fc99f1f858..d7ccf31244e8b 100644
--- a/Objects/classobject.c
+++ b/Objects/classobject.c
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 
 #define TP_DESCR_GET(t) ((t)->tp_descr_get)
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
 
 PyObject *
 PyMethod_Function(PyObject *im)
@@ -123,14 +121,13 @@ method_reduce(PyMethodObject *im, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     PyObject *self = PyMethod_GET_SELF(im);
     PyObject *func = PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION(im);
     PyObject *funcname;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(getattr);
 
-    funcname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(func, &PyId___name__);
+    funcname = PyObject_GetAttr(func, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (funcname == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(ON)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_getattr),
-                         self, funcname);
+    return Py_BuildValue(
+            "N(ON)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(getattr)), self, funcname);
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef method_methods[] = {
@@ -280,9 +277,9 @@ method_repr(PyMethodObject *a)
     PyObject *funcname, *result;
     const char *defname = "?";
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(func, &PyId___qualname__, &funcname) < 0 ||
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(func, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &funcname) < 0 ||
         (funcname == NULL &&
-         _PyObject_LookupAttrId(func, &PyId___name__, &funcname) < 0))
+         _PyObject_LookupAttr(func, &_Py_ID(__name__), &funcname) < 0))
     {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -515,7 +512,7 @@ instancemethod_repr(PyObject *self)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(func, &PyId___name__, &funcname) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(func, &_Py_ID(__name__), &funcname) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (funcname != NULL && !PyUnicode_Check(funcname)) {
diff --git a/Objects/complexobject.c b/Objects/complexobject.c
index e0766de258805..9bd68d50c30ae 100644
--- a/Objects/complexobject.c
+++ b/Objects/complexobject.c
@@ -281,9 +281,8 @@ static PyObject *
 try_complex_special_method(PyObject *op)
 {
     PyObject *f;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__complex__);
 
-    f = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(op, &PyId___complex__);
+    f = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(op, &_Py_ID(__complex__));
     if (f) {
         PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(f);
         Py_DECREF(f);
diff --git a/Objects/descrobject.c b/Objects/descrobject.c
index 962136beae05d..95162683edd7d 100644
--- a/Objects/descrobject.c
+++ b/Objects/descrobject.c
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_ITEMS()
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(getattr);
-
 /*[clinic input]
 class mappingproxy "mappingproxyobject *" "&PyDictProxy_Type"
 class property "propertyobject *" "&PyProperty_Type"
@@ -571,7 +569,6 @@ static PyObject *
 calculate_qualname(PyDescrObject *descr)
 {
     PyObject *type_qualname, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
 
     if (descr->d_name == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(descr->d_name)) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -579,8 +576,8 @@ calculate_qualname(PyDescrObject *descr)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    type_qualname = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)descr->d_type,
-                                        &PyId___qualname__);
+    type_qualname = PyObject_GetAttr(
+            (PyObject *)descr->d_type, &_Py_ID(__qualname__));
     if (type_qualname == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
@@ -608,7 +605,7 @@ descr_get_qualname(PyDescrObject *descr, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 static PyObject *
 descr_reduce(PyDescrObject *descr, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_getattr),
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(getattr)),
                          PyDescr_TYPE(descr), PyDescr_NAME(descr));
 }
 
@@ -1086,8 +1083,7 @@ mappingproxy_get(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
     {
         return NULL;
     }
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(get);
-    return _PyObject_VectorcallMethodId(&PyId_get, newargs,
+    return _PyObject_VectorcallMethod(&_Py_ID(get), newargs,
                                         3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
                                         NULL);
 }
@@ -1095,36 +1091,31 @@ mappingproxy_get(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs
 static PyObject *
 mappingproxy_keys(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(pp->mapping, &PyId_keys);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(pp->mapping, &_Py_ID(keys));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 mappingproxy_values(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(values);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(pp->mapping, &PyId_values);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(pp->mapping, &_Py_ID(values));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 mappingproxy_items(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(pp->mapping, &PyId_items);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(pp->mapping, &_Py_ID(items));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 mappingproxy_copy(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(copy);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(pp->mapping, &PyId_copy);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(pp->mapping, &_Py_ID(copy));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
 mappingproxy_reversed(mappingproxyobject *pp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__reversed__);
-    return _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(pp->mapping, &PyId___reversed__);
+    return PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(pp->mapping, &_Py_ID(__reversed__));
 }
 
 /* WARNING: mappingproxy methods must not give access
@@ -1321,7 +1312,7 @@ wrapper_repr(wrapperobject *wp)
 static PyObject *
 wrapper_reduce(wrapperobject *wp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_getattr),
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(getattr)),
                          wp->self, PyDescr_NAME(wp->descr));
 }
 
@@ -1756,9 +1747,8 @@ property_init_impl(propertyobject *self, PyObject *fget, PyObject *fset,
 
     /* if no docstring given and the getter has one, use that one */
     if ((doc == NULL || doc == Py_None) && fget != NULL) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__doc__);
         PyObject *get_doc;
-        int rc = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(fget, &PyId___doc__, &get_doc);
+        int rc = _PyObject_LookupAttr(fget, &_Py_ID(__doc__), &get_doc);
         if (rc <= 0) {
             return rc;
         }
@@ -1770,7 +1760,8 @@ property_init_impl(propertyobject *self, PyObject *fget, PyObject *fset,
                in dict of the subclass instance instead,
                otherwise it gets shadowed by __doc__ in the
                class's dict. */
-            int err = _PyObject_SetAttrId((PyObject *)self, &PyId___doc__, get_doc);
+            int err = PyObject_SetAttr(
+                    (PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(__doc__), get_doc);
             Py_DECREF(get_doc);
             if (err < 0)
                 return -1;
diff --git a/Objects/dictobject.c b/Objects/dictobject.c
index c41bdb86dbfe9..18de42cba6903 100644
--- a/Objects/dictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/dictobject.c
@@ -1484,6 +1484,17 @@ PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
     return value;
 }
 
+PyObject *
+_PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyObject *dp, PyObject *kv)
+{
+    assert(PyUnicode_CheckExact(kv));
+    Py_hash_t hash = kv->ob_type->tp_hash(kv);
+    if (hash == -1) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return _PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(dp, kv, hash);
+}
+
 PyObject *
 _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyObject *dp, struct _Py_Identifier *key)
 {
@@ -2166,8 +2177,8 @@ dict_subscript(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key)
         if (!PyDict_CheckExact(mp)) {
             /* Look up __missing__ method if we're a subclass. */
             PyObject *missing, *res;
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__missing__);
-            missing = _PyObject_LookupSpecial((PyObject *)mp, &PyId___missing__);
+            missing = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(
+                    (PyObject *)mp, &_Py_ID(__missing__));
             if (missing != NULL) {
                 res = PyObject_CallOneArg(missing, key);
                 Py_DECREF(missing);
@@ -2369,9 +2380,8 @@ dict_update_arg(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
     if (PyDict_CheckExact(arg)) {
         return PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1);
     }
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
     PyObject *func;
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_keys, &func) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(arg, &_Py_ID(keys), &func) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (func != NULL) {
@@ -4128,7 +4138,6 @@ dict___reversed___impl(PyDictObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 dictiter_reduce(dictiterobject *di, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     /* copy the iterator state */
     dictiterobject tmp = *di;
     Py_XINCREF(tmp.di_dict);
@@ -4138,7 +4147,7 @@ dictiter_reduce(dictiterobject *di, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (list == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter), list);
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), list);
 }
 
 PyTypeObject PyDictRevIterItem_Type = {
@@ -4408,9 +4417,8 @@ dictviews_sub(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(difference_update);
-    PyObject *tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(
-            result, &PyId_difference_update, other);
+    PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            result, &_Py_ID(difference_update), other);
     if (tmp == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
@@ -4446,8 +4454,8 @@ _PyDictView_Intersect(PyObject* self, PyObject *other)
     /* if other is a set and self is smaller than other,
        reuse set intersection logic */
     if (PySet_CheckExact(other) && len_self <= PyObject_Size(other)) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(intersection);
-        return _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(other, &PyId_intersection, self, NULL);
+        return PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(
+                other, &_Py_ID(intersection), self, NULL);
     }
 
     /* if other is another dict view, and it is bigger than self,
@@ -4587,9 +4595,8 @@ dictitems_xor(PyObject *self, PyObject *other)
     }
     key = val1 = val2 = NULL;
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-    PyObject *remaining_pairs = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(temp_dict,
-                                                             &PyId_items);
+    PyObject *remaining_pairs = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(
+            temp_dict, &_Py_ID(items));
     if (remaining_pairs == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -4621,9 +4628,8 @@ dictviews_xor(PyObject* self, PyObject *other)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(symmetric_difference_update);
-    PyObject *tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(
-            result, &PyId_symmetric_difference_update, other);
+    PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            result, &_Py_ID(symmetric_difference_update), other);
     if (tmp == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(result);
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Objects/enumobject.c b/Objects/enumobject.c
index 828f1f925a0a1..d84bac6f4c9af 100644
--- a/Objects/enumobject.c
+++ b/Objects/enumobject.c
@@ -356,9 +356,8 @@ reversed_new_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *seq)
     Py_ssize_t n;
     PyObject *reversed_meth;
     reversedobject *ro;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__reversed__);
 
-    reversed_meth = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(seq, &PyId___reversed__);
+    reversed_meth = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(seq, &_Py_ID(__reversed__));
     if (reversed_meth == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(reversed_meth);
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
diff --git a/Objects/exceptions.c b/Objects/exceptions.c
index ea8a31076b060..9b1c9f1018077 100644
--- a/Objects/exceptions.c
+++ b/Objects/exceptions.c
@@ -1499,16 +1499,14 @@ ImportError_getstate(PyImportErrorObject *self)
 {
     PyObject *dict = ((PyBaseExceptionObject *)self)->dict;
     if (self->name || self->path) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(path);
         dict = dict ? PyDict_Copy(dict) : PyDict_New();
         if (dict == NULL)
             return NULL;
-        if (self->name && _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_name, self->name) < 0) {
+        if (self->name && PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(name), self->name) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(dict);
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (self->path && _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_path, self->path) < 0) {
+        if (self->path && PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(path), self->path) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(dict);
             return NULL;
         }
diff --git a/Objects/fileobject.c b/Objects/fileobject.c
index 8ca56a802b976..8dba5b9aea6db 100644
--- a/Objects/fileobject.c
+++ b/Objects/fileobject.c
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(open);
-
 /* External C interface */
 
 PyObject *
@@ -40,9 +38,9 @@ PyFile_FromFd(int fd, const char *name, const char *mode, int buffering, const c
     io = PyImport_ImportModule("_io");
     if (io == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    stream = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "isisssO", fd, mode,
-                                 buffering, encoding, errors,
-                                 newline, closefd ? Py_True : Py_False);
+    stream = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(open), "isisssO", fd, mode,
+                                  buffering, encoding, errors,
+                                  newline, closefd ? Py_True : Py_False);
     Py_DECREF(io);
     if (stream == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -54,7 +52,6 @@ PyFile_FromFd(int fd, const char *name, const char *mode, int buffering, const c
 PyObject *
 PyFile_GetLine(PyObject *f, int n)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(readline);
     PyObject *result;
 
     if (f == NULL) {
@@ -63,10 +60,10 @@ PyFile_GetLine(PyObject *f, int n)
     }
 
     if (n <= 0) {
-        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(f, &PyId_readline);
+        result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(f, &_Py_ID(readline));
     }
     else {
-        result = _PyObject_CallMethodId(f, &PyId_readline, "i", n);
+        result = _PyObject_CallMethod(f, &_Py_ID(readline), "i", n);
     }
     if (result != NULL && !PyBytes_Check(result) &&
         !PyUnicode_Check(result)) {
@@ -120,13 +117,12 @@ int
 PyFile_WriteObject(PyObject *v, PyObject *f, int flags)
 {
     PyObject *writer, *value, *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(write);
 
     if (f == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, "writeobject with NULL file");
         return -1;
     }
-    writer = _PyObject_GetAttrId(f, &PyId_write);
+    writer = PyObject_GetAttr(f, &_Py_ID(write));
     if (writer == NULL)
         return -1;
     if (flags & Py_PRINT_RAW) {
@@ -182,12 +178,11 @@ PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(PyObject *o)
 {
     int fd;
     PyObject *meth;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(fileno);
 
     if (PyLong_Check(o)) {
         fd = _PyLong_AsInt(o);
     }
-    else if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(o, &PyId_fileno, &meth) < 0) {
+    else if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(o, &_Py_ID(fileno), &meth) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     else if (meth != NULL) {
@@ -509,8 +504,7 @@ PyFile_OpenCodeObject(PyObject *path)
     } else {
         iomod = PyImport_ImportModule("_io");
         if (iomod) {
-            f = _PyObject_CallMethodId(iomod, &PyId_open, "Os",
-                                       path, "rb");
+            f = _PyObject_CallMethod(iomod, &_Py_ID(open), "Os", path, "rb");
             Py_DECREF(iomod);
         }
     }
diff --git a/Objects/frameobject.c b/Objects/frameobject.c
index dd29541f04b0e..dc210030e8a15 100644
--- a/Objects/frameobject.c
+++ b/Objects/frameobject.c
@@ -770,8 +770,6 @@ PyTypeObject PyFrame_Type = {
     0,                                          /* tp_dict */
 };
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__builtins__);
-
 static void
 init_frame(InterpreterFrame *frame, PyFunctionObject *func, PyObject *locals)
 {
@@ -1074,7 +1072,7 @@ PyFrame_GetBack(PyFrameObject *frame)
 PyObject*
 _PyEval_BuiltinsFromGlobals(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *globals)
 {
-    PyObject *builtins = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___builtins__);
+    PyObject *builtins = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
     if (builtins) {
         if (PyModule_Check(builtins)) {
             builtins = _PyModule_GetDict(builtins);
diff --git a/Objects/funcobject.c b/Objects/funcobject.c
index a8f006da8ad33..deacfd55dd286 100644
--- a/Objects/funcobject.c
+++ b/Objects/funcobject.c
@@ -79,8 +79,7 @@ PyFunction_NewWithQualName(PyObject *code, PyObject *globals, PyObject *qualname
     Py_INCREF(doc);
 
     // __module__: Use globals['__name__'] if it exists, or NULL.
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-    PyObject *module = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___name__);
+    PyObject *module = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     PyObject *builtins = NULL;
     if (module == NULL && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         goto error;
@@ -808,12 +807,7 @@ functools_wraps(PyObject *wrapper, PyObject *wrapped)
 {
 #define COPY_ATTR(ATTR) \
     do { \
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(ATTR); \
-        PyObject *attr = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_ ## ATTR); \
-        if (attr == NULL) { \
-            return -1; \
-        } \
-        if (functools_copy_attr(wrapper, wrapped, attr) < 0) { \
+        if (functools_copy_attr(wrapper, wrapped, &_Py_ID(ATTR)) < 0) { \
             return -1; \
         } \
     } while (0) \
diff --git a/Objects/genericaliasobject.c b/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
index dbe5d89b73962..b41644910f5d2 100644
--- a/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
+++ b/Objects/genericaliasobject.c
@@ -41,10 +41,6 @@ ga_traverse(PyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg)
 static int
 ga_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__origin__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__args__);
     PyObject *qualname = NULL;
     PyObject *module = NULL;
     PyObject *r = NULL;
@@ -57,12 +53,12 @@ ga_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
         goto done;
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___origin__, &tmp) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__origin__), &tmp) < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
     if (tmp != NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(tmp);
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___args__, &tmp) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__args__), &tmp) < 0) {
             goto done;
         }
         if (tmp != NULL) {
@@ -72,13 +68,13 @@ ga_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___qualname__, &qualname) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname) < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
     if (qualname == NULL) {
         goto use_repr;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___module__, &module) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module) < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
     if (module == NULL || module == Py_None) {
@@ -218,9 +214,9 @@ _Py_make_parameters(PyObject *args)
             iparam += tuple_add(parameters, iparam, t);
         }
         else {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__parameters__);
             PyObject *subparams;
-            if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(t, &PyId___parameters__, &subparams) < 0) {
+            if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(t, &_Py_ID(__parameters__),
+                                     &subparams) < 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(parameters);
                 return NULL;
             }
@@ -260,9 +256,8 @@ _Py_make_parameters(PyObject *args)
 static PyObject *
 subs_tvars(PyObject *obj, PyObject *params, PyObject **argitems)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__parameters__);
     PyObject *subparams;
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___parameters__, &subparams) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__parameters__), &subparams) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (subparams && PyTuple_Check(subparams) && PyTuple_GET_SIZE(subparams)) {
diff --git a/Objects/genobject.c b/Objects/genobject.c
index b2d402eba6333..b34931a95a680 100644
--- a/Objects/genobject.c
+++ b/Objects/genobject.c
@@ -320,7 +320,6 @@ static int
 gen_close_iter(PyObject *yf)
 {
     PyObject *retval = NULL;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
 
     if (PyGen_CheckExact(yf) || PyCoro_CheckExact(yf)) {
         retval = gen_close((PyGenObject *)yf, NULL);
@@ -329,7 +328,7 @@ gen_close_iter(PyObject *yf)
     }
     else {
         PyObject *meth;
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(yf, &PyId_close, &meth) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(yf, &_Py_ID(close), &meth) < 0) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable(yf);
         }
         if (meth) {
@@ -417,7 +416,6 @@ _gen_throw(PyGenObject *gen, int close_on_genexit,
            PyObject *typ, PyObject *val, PyObject *tb)
 {
     PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf(gen);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(throw);
 
     if (yf) {
         InterpreterFrame *frame = (InterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
@@ -462,7 +460,7 @@ _gen_throw(PyGenObject *gen, int close_on_genexit,
         } else {
             /* `yf` is an iterator or a coroutine-like object. */
             PyObject *meth;
-            if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(yf, &PyId_throw, &meth) < 0) {
+            if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(yf, &_Py_ID(throw), &meth) < 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(yf);
                 return NULL;
             }
diff --git a/Objects/iterobject.c b/Objects/iterobject.c
index 5db6bc10fb3ff..1732a037600c9 100644
--- a/Objects/iterobject.c
+++ b/Objects/iterobject.c
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *it_seq; /* Set to NULL when iterator is exhausted */
 } seqiterobject;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
-
 PyObject *
 PySeqIter_New(PyObject *seq)
 {
@@ -106,10 +104,10 @@ static PyObject *
 iter_reduce(seqiterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     if (it->it_seq != NULL)
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_seq, it->it_index);
     else
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling.");
@@ -245,10 +243,10 @@ static PyObject *
 calliter_reduce(calliterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     if (it->it_callable != NULL && it->it_sentinel != NULL)
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(OO)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_callable, it->it_sentinel);
     else
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef calliter_methods[] = {
diff --git a/Objects/listobject.c b/Objects/listobject.c
index 752d9e00bb7bf..1ba1c1b053143 100644
--- a/Objects/listobject.c
+++ b/Objects/listobject.c
@@ -3505,25 +3505,25 @@ listreviter_setstate(listreviterobject *it, PyObject *state)
 static PyObject *
 listiter_reduce_general(void *_it, int forward)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(reversed);
     PyObject *list;
 
     /* the objects are not the same, index is of different types! */
     if (forward) {
         listiterobject *it = (listiterobject *)_it;
-        if (it->it_seq)
-            return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        if (it->it_seq) {
+            return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                                  it->it_seq, it->it_index);
+        }
     } else {
         listreviterobject *it = (listreviterobject *)_it;
-        if (it->it_seq)
-            return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_reversed),
+        if (it->it_seq) {
+            return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(reversed)),
                                  it->it_seq, it->it_index);
+        }
     }
     /* empty iterator, create an empty list */
     list = PyList_New(0);
     if (list == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter), list);
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), list);
 }
diff --git a/Objects/longobject.c b/Objects/longobject.c
index e1f6a6402841b..3438906d84275 100644
--- a/Objects/longobject.c
+++ b/Objects/longobject.c
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@ class int "PyObject *" "&PyLong_Type"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=ec0275e3422a36e3]*/
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(little);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(big);
-
 /* Is this PyLong of size 1, 0 or -1? */
 #define IS_MEDIUM_VALUE(x) (((size_t)Py_SIZE(x)) + 1U < 3U)
 
@@ -5775,9 +5772,9 @@ int_to_bytes_impl(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t length, PyObject *byteorder,
 
     if (byteorder == NULL)
         little_endian = 0;
-    else if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(byteorder, &PyId_little))
+    else if (_PyUnicode_Equal(byteorder, &_Py_ID(little)))
         little_endian = 1;
-    else if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(byteorder, &PyId_big))
+    else if (_PyUnicode_Equal(byteorder, &_Py_ID(big)))
         little_endian = 0;
     else {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
@@ -5837,9 +5834,9 @@ int_from_bytes_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *bytes_obj,
 
     if (byteorder == NULL)
         little_endian = 0;
-    else if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(byteorder, &PyId_little))
+    else if (_PyUnicode_Equal(byteorder, &_Py_ID(little)))
         little_endian = 1;
-    else if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(byteorder, &PyId_big))
+    else if (_PyUnicode_Equal(byteorder, &_Py_ID(big)))
         little_endian = 0;
     else {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
diff --git a/Objects/methodobject.c b/Objects/methodobject.c
index 2df63cfdf6a81..93fac22ec437c 100644
--- a/Objects/methodobject.c
+++ b/Objects/methodobject.c
@@ -179,12 +179,10 @@ meth_dealloc(PyCFunctionObject *m)
 static PyObject *
 meth_reduce(PyCFunctionObject *m, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(getattr);
-
     if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self))
         return PyUnicode_FromString(m->m_ml->ml_name);
 
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(Os)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_getattr),
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(Os)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(getattr)),
                          m->m_self, m->m_ml->ml_name);
 }
 
@@ -223,14 +221,13 @@ meth_get__qualname__(PyCFunctionObject *m, void *closure)
        Otherwise return type(m.__self__).__qualname__ + '.' + m.__name__
        (e.g. [].append.__qualname__ == 'list.append') */
     PyObject *type, *type_qualname, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
 
     if (m->m_self == NULL || PyModule_Check(m->m_self))
         return PyUnicode_FromString(m->m_ml->ml_name);
 
     type = PyType_Check(m->m_self) ? m->m_self : (PyObject*)Py_TYPE(m->m_self);
 
-    type_qualname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(type, &PyId___qualname__);
+    type_qualname = PyObject_GetAttr(type, &_Py_ID(__qualname__));
     if (type_qualname == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
diff --git a/Objects/moduleobject.c b/Objects/moduleobject.c
index 1d649a7932098..bd5e5611ec27e 100644
--- a/Objects/moduleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/moduleobject.c
@@ -10,13 +10,6 @@
 
 static Py_ssize_t max_module_number;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__doc__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__spec__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dir__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__annotations__);
-
 static PyMemberDef module_members[] = {
     {"__dict__", T_OBJECT, offsetof(PyModuleObject, md_dict), READONLY},
     {0}
@@ -61,22 +54,19 @@ static int
 module_init_dict(PyModuleObject *mod, PyObject *md_dict,
                  PyObject *name, PyObject *doc)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__package__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__loader__);
-
     assert(md_dict != NULL);
     if (doc == NULL)
         doc = Py_None;
 
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(md_dict, &PyId___name__, name) != 0)
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(md_dict, &_Py_ID(__name__), name) != 0)
         return -1;
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(md_dict, &PyId___doc__, doc) != 0)
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(md_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__), doc) != 0)
         return -1;
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(md_dict, &PyId___package__, Py_None) != 0)
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(md_dict, &_Py_ID(__package__), Py_None) != 0)
         return -1;
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(md_dict, &PyId___loader__, Py_None) != 0)
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(md_dict, &_Py_ID(__loader__), Py_None) != 0)
         return -1;
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(md_dict, &PyId___spec__, Py_None) != 0)
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(md_dict, &_Py_ID(__spec__), Py_None) != 0)
         return -1;
     if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(name)) {
         Py_INCREF(name);
@@ -474,7 +464,7 @@ PyModule_SetDocString(PyObject *m, const char *doc)
     PyObject *v;
 
     v = PyUnicode_FromString(doc);
-    if (v == NULL || _PyObject_SetAttrId(m, &PyId___doc__, v) != 0) {
+    if (v == NULL || PyObject_SetAttr(m, &_Py_ID(__doc__), v) != 0) {
         Py_XDECREF(v);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -503,7 +493,7 @@ PyModule_GetNameObject(PyObject *m)
     }
     d = ((PyModuleObject *)m)->md_dict;
     if (d == NULL || !PyDict_Check(d) ||
-        (name = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(d, &PyId___name__)) == NULL ||
+        (name = PyDict_GetItemWithError(d, &_Py_ID(__name__))) == NULL ||
         !PyUnicode_Check(name))
     {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
@@ -528,7 +518,6 @@ PyModule_GetName(PyObject *m)
 PyObject*
 PyModule_GetFilenameObject(PyObject *m)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__file__);
     PyObject *d;
     PyObject *fileobj;
     if (!PyModule_Check(m)) {
@@ -537,7 +526,7 @@ PyModule_GetFilenameObject(PyObject *m)
     }
     d = ((PyModuleObject *)m)->md_dict;
     if (d == NULL ||
-        (fileobj = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(d, &PyId___file__)) == NULL ||
+        (fileobj = PyDict_GetItemWithError(d, &_Py_ID(__file__))) == NULL ||
         !PyUnicode_Check(fileobj))
     {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
@@ -726,8 +715,7 @@ int
 _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(PyObject *spec)
 {
     if (spec != NULL) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(_initializing);
-        PyObject *value = _PyObject_GetAttrId(spec, &PyId__initializing);
+        PyObject *value = PyObject_GetAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(_initializing));
         if (value != NULL) {
             int initializing = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
             Py_DECREF(value);
@@ -750,8 +738,7 @@ _PyModuleSpec_IsUninitializedSubmodule(PyObject *spec, PyObject *name)
          return 0;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_uninitialized_submodules);
-    PyObject *value = _PyObject_GetAttrId(spec, &PyId__uninitialized_submodules);
+    PyObject *value = PyObject_GetAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(_uninitialized_submodules));
     if (value == NULL) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -774,18 +761,17 @@ module_getattro(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name)
     }
     PyErr_Clear();
     assert(m->md_dict != NULL);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getattr__);
-    getattr = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(m->md_dict, &PyId___getattr__);
+    getattr = PyDict_GetItemWithError(m->md_dict, &_Py_ID(__getattr__));
     if (getattr) {
         return PyObject_CallOneArg(getattr, name);
     }
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    mod_name = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(m->md_dict, &PyId___name__);
+    mod_name = PyDict_GetItemWithError(m->md_dict, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (mod_name && PyUnicode_Check(mod_name)) {
         Py_INCREF(mod_name);
-        PyObject *spec = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(m->md_dict, &PyId___spec__);
+        PyObject *spec = PyDict_GetItemWithError(m->md_dict, &_Py_ID(__spec__));
         if (spec == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             Py_DECREF(mod_name);
             return NULL;
@@ -861,11 +847,11 @@ static PyObject *
 module_dir(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
     PyObject *result = NULL;
-    PyObject *dict = _PyObject_GetAttrId(self, &PyId___dict__);
+    PyObject *dict = PyObject_GetAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
 
     if (dict != NULL) {
         if (PyDict_Check(dict)) {
-            PyObject *dirfunc = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId___dir__);
+            PyObject *dirfunc = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(__dir__));
             if (dirfunc) {
                 result = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(dirfunc);
             }
@@ -891,7 +877,7 @@ static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
 static PyObject *
 module_get_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    PyObject *dict = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)m, &PyId___dict__);
+    PyObject *dict = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)m, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
 
     if ((dict == NULL) || !PyDict_Check(dict)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "<module>.__dict__ is not a dictionary");
@@ -901,8 +887,8 @@ module_get_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 
     PyObject *annotations;
     /* there's no _PyDict_GetItemId without WithError, so let's LBYL. */
-    if (_PyDict_ContainsId(dict, &PyId___annotations__)) {
-        annotations = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId___annotations__);
+    if (PyDict_Contains(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__))) {
+        annotations = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
         /*
         ** _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError could still fail,
         ** for instance with a well-timed Ctrl-C or a MemoryError.
@@ -914,7 +900,8 @@ module_get_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     } else {
         annotations = PyDict_New();
         if (annotations) {
-            int result = _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId___annotations__, annotations);
+            int result = PyDict_SetItem(
+                    dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), annotations);
             if (result) {
                 Py_CLEAR(annotations);
             }
@@ -928,7 +915,7 @@ static int
 module_set_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     int ret = -1;
-    PyObject *dict = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)m, &PyId___dict__);
+    PyObject *dict = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)m, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
 
     if ((dict == NULL) || !PyDict_Check(dict)) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "<module>.__dict__ is not a dictionary");
@@ -937,17 +924,17 @@ module_set_annotations(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *value, void *Py_UNUSED(ignor
 
     if (value != NULL) {
         /* set */
-        ret = _PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId___annotations__, value);
+        ret = PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value);
         goto exit;
     }
 
     /* delete */
-    if (!_PyDict_ContainsId(dict, &PyId___annotations__)) {
+    if (!PyDict_Contains(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__))) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "__annotations__");
         goto exit;
     }
 
-    ret = _PyDict_DelItemId(dict, &PyId___annotations__);
+    ret = PyDict_DelItem(dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
 
 exit:
     Py_XDECREF(dict);
diff --git a/Objects/object.c b/Objects/object.c
index 3082e70e7e230..3044c862fb9da 100644
--- a/Objects/object.c
+++ b/Objects/object.c
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@ extern "C" {
 /* Defined in tracemalloc.c */
 extern void _PyMem_DumpTraceback(int fd, const void *ptr);
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(Py_Repr);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__bytes__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dir__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__isabstractmethod__);
-
 
 int
 _PyObject_CheckConsistency(PyObject *op, int check_content)
@@ -562,7 +557,7 @@ PyObject_Bytes(PyObject *v)
         return v;
     }
 
-    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(v, &PyId___bytes__);
+    func = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(v, &_Py_ID(__bytes__));
     if (func != NULL) {
         result = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(func);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -600,12 +595,9 @@ def _PyObject_FunctionStr(x):
 PyObject *
 _PyObject_FunctionStr(PyObject *x)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
     assert(!PyErr_Occurred());
     PyObject *qualname;
-    int ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(x, &PyId___qualname__, &qualname);
+    int ret = _PyObject_LookupAttr(x, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname);
     if (qualname == NULL) {
         if (ret < 0) {
             return NULL;
@@ -614,13 +606,9 @@ _PyObject_FunctionStr(PyObject *x)
     }
     PyObject *module;
     PyObject *result = NULL;
-    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(x, &PyId___module__, &module);
+    ret = _PyObject_LookupAttr(x, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module);
     if (module != NULL && module != Py_None) {
-        PyObject *builtinsname = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_builtins);
-        if (builtinsname == NULL) {
-            goto done;
-        }
-        ret = PyObject_RichCompareBool(module, builtinsname, Py_NE);
+        ret = PyObject_RichCompareBool(module, &_Py_ID(builtins), Py_NE);
         if (ret < 0) {
             // error
             goto done;
@@ -858,7 +846,7 @@ _PyObject_IsAbstract(PyObject *obj)
     if (obj == NULL)
         return 0;
 
-    res = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___isabstractmethod__, &isabstract);
+    res = _PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__isabstractmethod__), &isabstract);
     if (res > 0) {
         res = PyObject_IsTrue(isabstract);
         Py_DECREF(isabstract);
@@ -892,8 +880,6 @@ static inline int
 set_attribute_error_context(PyObject* v, PyObject* name)
 {
     assert(PyErr_Occurred());
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(obj);
     // Intercept AttributeError exceptions and augment them to offer
     // suggestions later.
     if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_AttributeError)){
@@ -901,8 +887,8 @@ set_attribute_error_context(PyObject* v, PyObject* name)
         PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
         PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &traceback);
         if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(value, PyExc_AttributeError) &&
-            (_PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_name, name) ||
-             _PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_obj, v))) {
+            (PyObject_SetAttr(value, &_Py_ID(name), name) ||
+             PyObject_SetAttr(value, &_Py_ID(obj), v))) {
             return 1;
         }
         PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
@@ -1569,7 +1555,7 @@ static PyObject *
 _dir_object(PyObject *obj)
 {
     PyObject *result, *sorted;
-    PyObject *dirfunc = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &PyId___dir__);
+    PyObject *dirfunc = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &_Py_ID(__dir__));
 
     assert(obj != NULL);
     if (dirfunc == NULL) {
@@ -2148,7 +2134,7 @@ Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *obj)
        early on startup. */
     if (dict == NULL)
         return 0;
-    list = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr);
+    list = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(Py_Repr));
     if (list == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -2156,7 +2142,7 @@ Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *obj)
         list = PyList_New(0);
         if (list == NULL)
             return -1;
-        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr, list) < 0)
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(Py_Repr), list) < 0)
             return -1;
         Py_DECREF(list);
     }
@@ -2184,7 +2170,7 @@ Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *obj)
     if (dict == NULL)
         goto finally;
 
-    list = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId_Py_Repr);
+    list = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(Py_Repr));
     if (list == NULL || !PyList_Check(list))
         goto finally;
 
diff --git a/Objects/odictobject.c b/Objects/odictobject.c
index e27bcecd75ca3..c207593ab79f7 100644
--- a/Objects/odictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/odictobject.c
@@ -525,8 +525,6 @@ struct _odictnode {
 #define _odict_FOREACH(od, node) \
     for (node = _odict_FIRST(od); node != NULL; node = _odictnode_NEXT(node))
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-
 /* Return the index into the hash table, regardless of a valid node. */
 static Py_ssize_t
 _odict_get_index_raw(PyODictObject *od, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
@@ -949,12 +947,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(odict_reduce__doc__, "Return state information for pickling");
 static PyObject *
 odict_reduce(register PyODictObject *od, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
     PyObject *dict = NULL, *result = NULL;
     PyObject *items_iter, *items, *args = NULL;
 
     /* capture any instance state */
-    dict = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)od, &PyId___dict__);
+    dict = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)od, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
     if (dict == NULL)
         goto Done;
     else {
@@ -973,7 +970,7 @@ odict_reduce(register PyODictObject *od, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (args == NULL)
         goto Done;
 
-    items = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)od, &PyId_items);
+    items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs((PyObject *)od, &_Py_ID(items));
     if (items == NULL)
         goto Done;
 
@@ -1431,8 +1428,8 @@ odict_repr(PyODictObject *self)
         }
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *items = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs((PyObject *)self,
-                                                       &PyId_items);
+        PyObject *items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(
+                (PyObject *)self, &_Py_ID(items));
         if (items == NULL)
             goto Done;
         pieces = PySequence_List(items);
@@ -1808,7 +1805,6 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling");
 static PyObject *
 odictiter_reduce(odictiterobject *di, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     /* copy the iterator state */
     odictiterobject tmp = *di;
     Py_XINCREF(tmp.di_odict);
@@ -1821,7 +1817,7 @@ odictiter_reduce(odictiterobject *di, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (list == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter), list);
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), list);
 }
 
 static PyMethodDef odictiter_methods[] = {
@@ -2217,9 +2213,8 @@ mutablemapping_update_arg(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
         Py_DECREF(items);
         return res;
     }
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
     PyObject *func;
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_keys, &func) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(arg, &_Py_ID(keys), &func) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (func != NULL) {
@@ -2251,7 +2246,7 @@ mutablemapping_update_arg(PyObject *self, PyObject *arg)
         }
         return 0;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_items, &func) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(arg, &_Py_ID(items), &func) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (func != NULL) {
diff --git a/Objects/rangeobject.c b/Objects/rangeobject.c
index a848d67a65152..5d583b2edf0e9 100644
--- a/Objects/rangeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/rangeobject.c
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ typedef struct {
     PyObject *length;
 } rangeobject;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
-
 /* Helper function for validating step.  Always returns a new reference or
    NULL on error.
 */
@@ -813,8 +811,8 @@ rangeiter_reduce(rangeiterobject *r, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (range == NULL)
         goto err;
     /* return the result */
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)l", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
-                         range, r->index);
+    return Py_BuildValue(
+            "N(N)l", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), range, r->index);
 err:
     Py_XDECREF(start);
     Py_XDECREF(stop);
@@ -967,8 +965,8 @@ longrangeiter_reduce(longrangeiterobject *r, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     }
 
     /* return the result */
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)O", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
-                         range, r->index);
+    return Py_BuildValue(
+            "N(N)O", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), range, r->index);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
index ca3cfe8196467..fe124945b1c7e 100644
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -770,7 +770,6 @@ static PyObject *setiter_iternext(setiterobject *si);
 static PyObject *
 setiter_reduce(setiterobject *si, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     /* copy the iterator state */
     setiterobject tmp = *si;
     Py_XINCREF(tmp.si_set);
@@ -781,7 +780,7 @@ setiter_reduce(setiterobject *si, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     if (list == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter), list);
+    return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), list);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(reduce_doc, "Return state information for pickling.");
@@ -1906,7 +1905,6 @@ static PyObject *
 set_reduce(PySetObject *so, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
     PyObject *keys=NULL, *args=NULL, *result=NULL, *dict=NULL;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
 
     keys = PySequence_List((PyObject *)so);
     if (keys == NULL)
@@ -1914,7 +1912,7 @@ set_reduce(PySetObject *so, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
     args = PyTuple_Pack(1, keys);
     if (args == NULL)
         goto done;
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)so, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)so, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &dict) < 0) {
         goto done;
     }
     if (dict == NULL) {
diff --git a/Objects/structseq.c b/Objects/structseq.c
index 092e1634656a3..229e3d893ff6a 100644
--- a/Objects/structseq.c
+++ b/Objects/structseq.c
@@ -23,17 +23,9 @@ static const char match_args_key[] = "__match_args__";
    They are only allowed for indices < n_visible_fields. */
 const char * const PyStructSequence_UnnamedField = "unnamed field";
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(n_sequence_fields);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(n_fields);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(n_unnamed_fields);
-
 static Py_ssize_t
-get_type_attr_as_size(PyTypeObject *tp, _Py_Identifier *id)
+get_type_attr_as_size(PyTypeObject *tp, PyObject *name)
 {
-    PyObject *name = _PyUnicode_FromId(id);
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
     PyObject *v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(tp->tp_dict, name);
     if (v == NULL && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -44,11 +36,14 @@ get_type_attr_as_size(PyTypeObject *tp, _Py_Identifier *id)
 }
 
 #define VISIBLE_SIZE(op) Py_SIZE(op)
-#define VISIBLE_SIZE_TP(tp) get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &PyId_n_sequence_fields)
-#define REAL_SIZE_TP(tp) get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &PyId_n_fields)
+#define VISIBLE_SIZE_TP(tp) \
+    get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_sequence_fields))
+#define REAL_SIZE_TP(tp) \
+    get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_fields))
 #define REAL_SIZE(op) REAL_SIZE_TP(Py_TYPE(op))
 
-#define UNNAMED_FIELDS_TP(tp) get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &PyId_n_unnamed_fields)
+#define UNNAMED_FIELDS_TP(tp) \
+    get_type_attr_as_size(tp, &_Py_ID(n_unnamed_fields))
 #define UNNAMED_FIELDS(op) UNNAMED_FIELDS_TP(Py_TYPE(op))
 
 
@@ -622,21 +617,3 @@ PyStructSequence_NewType(PyStructSequence_Desc *desc)
 {
     return _PyStructSequence_NewType(desc, 0);
 }
-
-
-/* runtime lifecycle */
-
-PyStatus _PyStructSequence_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
-{
-    if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
-        return _PyStatus_OK();
-    }
-
-    if (_PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_n_sequence_fields) == NULL
-        || _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_n_fields) == NULL
-        || _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_n_unnamed_fields) == NULL)
-    {
-        return _PyStatus_ERR("can't initialize structseq state");
-    }
-    return _PyStatus_OK();
-}
diff --git a/Objects/tupleobject.c b/Objects/tupleobject.c
index 86f541a96a5a1..ec9147cdcfedf 100644
--- a/Objects/tupleobject.c
+++ b/Objects/tupleobject.c
@@ -1193,12 +1193,11 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc, "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(
 static PyObject *
 tupleiter_reduce(tupleiterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     if (it->it_seq)
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_seq, it->it_index);
     else
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter));
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(())", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
diff --git a/Objects/typeobject.c b/Objects/typeobject.c
index 0c893eaa75b6f..ef3549ce68f7f 100644
--- a/Objects/typeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/typeobject.c
@@ -59,30 +59,6 @@ typedef struct PySlot_Offset {
 #  define INTERN_NAME_STRINGS
 #endif
 
-/* alphabetical order */
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__abstractmethods__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__annotations__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__class_getitem__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__classcell__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__delitem__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__doc__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__getattribute__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__getitem__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__hash__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__init_subclass__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__len__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__new__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__set_name__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__setitem__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__weakref__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(mro);
-
 static PyObject *
 slot_tp_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds);
 
@@ -90,7 +66,7 @@ static void
 clear_slotdefs(void);
 
 static PyObject *
-lookup_maybe_method(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid, int *unbound);
+lookup_maybe_method(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, int *unbound);
 
 static int
 slot_tp_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value);
@@ -175,7 +151,7 @@ _PyType_CheckConsistency(PyTypeObject *type)
 
     if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION) {
         CHECK(type->tp_new == NULL);
-        CHECK(_PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___new__) == 0);
+        CHECK(PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__new__)) == 0);
     }
 
     return 1;
@@ -374,11 +350,11 @@ type_mro_modified(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *bases) {
 
     if (custom) {
         mro_meth = lookup_maybe_method(
-            (PyObject *)type, &PyId_mro, &unbound);
+            (PyObject *)type, &_Py_ID(mro), &unbound);
         if (mro_meth == NULL)
             goto clear;
         type_mro_meth = lookup_maybe_method(
-            (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, &PyId_mro, &unbound);
+            (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, &_Py_ID(mro), &unbound);
         if (type_mro_meth == NULL)
             goto clear;
         if (mro_meth != type_mro_meth)
@@ -572,7 +548,7 @@ type_module(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
     PyObject *mod;
 
     if (type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) {
-        mod = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__);
+        mod = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__));
         if (mod == NULL) {
             if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "__module__");
@@ -590,8 +566,8 @@ type_module(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
                 PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&mod);
         }
         else {
-            mod = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_builtins);
-            Py_XINCREF(mod);
+            mod = &_Py_ID(builtins);
+            Py_INCREF(mod);
         }
     }
     return mod;
@@ -605,7 +581,7 @@ type_set_module(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *value, void *context)
 
     PyType_Modified(type);
 
-    return _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__, value);
+    return PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__), value);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -615,12 +591,11 @@ type_abstractmethods(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
     /* type itself has an __abstractmethods__ descriptor (this). Don't return
        that. */
     if (type != &PyType_Type)
-        mod = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, &PyId___abstractmethods__);
+        mod = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict,
+                                      &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__));
     if (!mod) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
-            PyObject *message = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___abstractmethods__);
-            if (message)
-                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, message);
+            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__));
         }
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -640,15 +615,13 @@ type_set_abstractmethods(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *value, void *context)
         abstract = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
         if (abstract < 0)
             return -1;
-        res = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___abstractmethods__, value);
+        res = PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__), value);
     }
     else {
         abstract = 0;
-        res = _PyDict_DelItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___abstractmethods__);
+        res = PyDict_DelItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__));
         if (res && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) {
-            PyObject *message = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___abstractmethods__);
-            if (message)
-                PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, message);
+            PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, &_Py_ID(__abstractmethods__));
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -902,7 +875,7 @@ type_get_doc(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
     if (!(type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE) && type->tp_doc != NULL) {
         return _PyType_GetDocFromInternalDoc(type->tp_name, type->tp_doc);
     }
-    result = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__);
+    result = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__));
     if (result == NULL) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
             result = Py_None;
@@ -931,7 +904,7 @@ type_set_doc(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *value, void *context)
     if (!check_set_special_type_attr(type, value, "__doc__"))
         return -1;
     PyType_Modified(type);
-    return _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__, value);
+    return PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__), value);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -944,17 +917,18 @@ type_get_annotations(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
 
     PyObject *annotations;
     /* there's no _PyDict_GetItemId without WithError, so let's LBYL. */
-    if (_PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__)) {
-        annotations = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__);
+    if (PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__))) {
+        annotations = PyDict_GetItemWithError(
+                type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
         /*
-        ** _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError could still fail,
+        ** PyDict_GetItemWithError could still fail,
         ** for instance with a well-timed Ctrl-C or a MemoryError.
         ** so let's be totally safe.
         */
         if (annotations) {
             if (Py_TYPE(annotations)->tp_descr_get) {
-                annotations = Py_TYPE(annotations)->tp_descr_get(annotations, NULL,
-                                                       (PyObject *)type);
+                annotations = Py_TYPE(annotations)->tp_descr_get(
+                        annotations, NULL, (PyObject *)type);
             } else {
                 Py_INCREF(annotations);
             }
@@ -962,7 +936,8 @@ type_get_annotations(PyTypeObject *type, void *context)
     } else {
         annotations = PyDict_New();
         if (annotations) {
-            int result = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__, annotations);
+            int result = PyDict_SetItem(
+                    type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), annotations);
             if (result) {
                 Py_CLEAR(annotations);
             } else {
@@ -986,14 +961,14 @@ type_set_annotations(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *value, void *context)
     int result;
     if (value != NULL) {
         /* set */
-        result = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__, value);
+        result = PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), value);
     } else {
         /* delete */
-        if (!_PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__)) {
+        if (!PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__))) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError, "__annotations__");
             return -1;
         }
-        result = _PyDict_DelItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___annotations__);
+        result = PyDict_DelItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
     }
 
     if (result == 0) {
@@ -1074,7 +1049,7 @@ type_repr(PyTypeObject *type)
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    if (mod != NULL && !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(mod, &PyId_builtins))
+    if (mod != NULL && !_PyUnicode_Equal(mod, &_Py_ID(builtins)))
         rtn = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<class '%U.%U'>", mod, name);
     else
         rtn = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<class '%s'>", type->tp_name);
@@ -1604,11 +1579,11 @@ PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *a, PyTypeObject *b)
 */
 
 PyObject *
-_PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid)
+_PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr)
 {
     PyObject *res;
 
-    res = _PyType_LookupId(Py_TYPE(self), attrid);
+    res = _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(self), attr);
     if (res != NULL) {
         descrgetfunc f;
         if ((f = Py_TYPE(res)->tp_descr_get) == NULL)
@@ -1619,10 +1594,19 @@ _PyObject_LookupSpecial(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid)
     return res;
 }
 
+PyObject *
+_PyObject_LookupSpecialId(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid)
+{
+    PyObject *attr = _PyUnicode_FromId(attrid);   /* borrowed */
+    if (attr == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    return _PyObject_LookupSpecial(self, attr);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
-lookup_maybe_method(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid, int *unbound)
+lookup_maybe_method(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, int *unbound)
 {
-    PyObject *res = _PyType_LookupId(Py_TYPE(self), attrid);
+    PyObject *res = _PyType_Lookup(Py_TYPE(self), attr);
     if (res == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1646,11 +1630,11 @@ lookup_maybe_method(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid, int *unbound)
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-lookup_method(PyObject *self, _Py_Identifier *attrid, int *unbound)
+lookup_method(PyObject *self, PyObject *attr, int *unbound)
 {
-    PyObject *res = lookup_maybe_method(self, attrid, unbound);
+    PyObject *res = lookup_maybe_method(self, attr, unbound);
     if (res == NULL && !PyErr_Occurred()) {
-        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, _PyUnicode_FromId(attrid));
+        PyErr_SetObject(PyExc_AttributeError, attr);
     }
     return res;
 }
@@ -1687,8 +1671,7 @@ call_unbound_noarg(int unbound, PyObject *func, PyObject *self)
    args is an argument vector of length nargs. The first element in this
    vector is the special object "self" which is used for the method lookup */
 static PyObject *
-vectorcall_method(_Py_Identifier *name,
-                  PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
+vectorcall_method(PyObject *name, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
     assert(nargs >= 1);
 
@@ -1707,7 +1690,7 @@ vectorcall_method(_Py_Identifier *name,
 /* Clone of vectorcall_method() that returns NotImplemented
  * when the lookup fails. */
 static PyObject *
-vectorcall_maybe(PyThreadState *tstate, _Py_Identifier *name,
+vectorcall_maybe(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name,
                  PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
 {
     assert(nargs >= 1);
@@ -1770,7 +1753,7 @@ static PyObject *
 class_name(PyObject *cls)
 {
     PyObject *name;
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(cls, &PyId___name__, &name) == 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(cls, &_Py_ID(__name__), &name) == 0) {
         name = PyObject_Repr(cls);
     }
     return name;
@@ -2093,8 +2076,8 @@ mro_invoke(PyTypeObject *type)
 
     if (custom) {
         int unbound;
-        PyObject *mro_meth = lookup_method((PyObject *)type, &PyId_mro,
-                                           &unbound);
+        PyObject *mro_meth = lookup_method(
+            (PyObject *)type, &_Py_ID(mro), &unbound);
         if (mro_meth == NULL)
             return NULL;
         mro_result = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, mro_meth, (PyObject *)type);
@@ -2309,7 +2292,7 @@ get_dict_descriptor(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyObject *descr;
 
-    descr = _PyType_LookupId(type, &PyId___dict__);
+    descr = _PyType_Lookup(type, &_Py_ID(__dict__));
     if (descr == NULL || !PyDescr_IsData(descr))
         return NULL;
 
@@ -2558,7 +2541,7 @@ type_new_visit_slots(type_new_ctx *ctx)
             return -1;
         }
         assert(PyUnicode_Check(name));
-        if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(name, &PyId___dict__)) {
+        if (_PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__dict__))) {
             if (!ctx->may_add_dict || ctx->add_dict != 0) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "__dict__ slot disallowed: "
@@ -2567,7 +2550,7 @@ type_new_visit_slots(type_new_ctx *ctx)
             }
             ctx->add_dict++;
         }
-        if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(name, &PyId___weakref__)) {
+        if (_PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__weakref__))) {
             if (!ctx->may_add_weak || ctx->add_weak != 0) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                     "__weakref__ slot disallowed: "
@@ -2601,10 +2584,8 @@ type_new_copy_slots(type_new_ctx *ctx, PyObject *dict)
     Py_ssize_t j = 0;
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nslot; i++) {
         PyObject *slot = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(slots, i);
-        if ((ctx->add_dict &&
-             _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(slot, &PyId___dict__)) ||
-            (ctx->add_weak &&
-             _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(slot, "__weakref__")))
+        if ((ctx->add_dict && _PyUnicode_Equal(slot, &_Py_ID(__dict__))) ||
+            (ctx->add_weak && _PyUnicode_Equal(slot, &_Py_ID(__weakref__))))
         {
             continue;
         }
@@ -2623,8 +2604,8 @@ type_new_copy_slots(type_new_ctx *ctx, PyObject *dict)
             /* CPython inserts __qualname__ and __classcell__ (when needed)
                into the namespace when creating a class.  They will be deleted
                below so won't act as class variables. */
-            if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(slot, &PyId___qualname__) &&
-                !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(slot, &PyId___classcell__))
+            if (!_PyUnicode_Equal(slot, &_Py_ID(__qualname__)) &&
+                !_PyUnicode_Equal(slot, &_Py_ID(__classcell__)))
             {
                 PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
                              "%R in __slots__ conflicts with class variable",
@@ -2819,7 +2800,7 @@ type_new_set_name(const type_new_ctx *ctx, PyTypeObject *type)
 static int
 type_new_set_module(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__));
     if (r < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2832,7 +2813,7 @@ type_new_set_module(PyTypeObject *type)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    PyObject *module = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___name__);
+    PyObject *module = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (module == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -2840,7 +2821,7 @@ type_new_set_module(PyTypeObject *type)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__, module) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__), module) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -2853,8 +2834,8 @@ static int
 type_new_set_ht_name(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyHeapTypeObject *et = (PyHeapTypeObject *)type;
-    PyObject *qualname = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict,
-                                                    &PyId___qualname__);
+    PyObject *qualname = PyDict_GetItemWithError(
+            type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__qualname__));
     if (qualname != NULL) {
         if (!PyUnicode_Check(qualname)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -2863,7 +2844,7 @@ type_new_set_ht_name(PyTypeObject *type)
             return -1;
         }
         et->ht_qualname = Py_NewRef(qualname);
-        if (_PyDict_DelItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___qualname__) < 0) {
+        if (PyDict_DelItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__qualname__)) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -2883,7 +2864,7 @@ type_new_set_ht_name(PyTypeObject *type)
 static int
 type_new_set_doc(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    PyObject *doc = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__);
+    PyObject *doc = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__));
     if (doc == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -2916,9 +2897,9 @@ type_new_set_doc(PyTypeObject *type)
 
 
 static int
-type_new_staticmethod(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *attr_id)
+type_new_staticmethod(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *attr)
 {
-    PyObject *func = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, attr_id);
+    PyObject *func = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict, attr);
     if (func == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -2933,7 +2914,7 @@ type_new_staticmethod(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *attr_id)
     if (static_func == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, attr_id, static_func) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, attr, static_func) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(static_func);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -2943,9 +2924,9 @@ type_new_staticmethod(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *attr_id)
 
 
 static int
-type_new_classmethod(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *attr_id)
+type_new_classmethod(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *attr)
 {
-    PyObject *func = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict, attr_id);
+    PyObject *func = PyDict_GetItemWithError(type->tp_dict, attr);
     if (func == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -2961,7 +2942,7 @@ type_new_classmethod(PyTypeObject *type, _Py_Identifier *attr_id)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, attr_id, method) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, attr, method) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(method);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -3052,8 +3033,8 @@ type_new_set_slots(const type_new_ctx *ctx, PyTypeObject *type)
 static int
 type_new_set_classcell(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    PyObject *cell = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(type->tp_dict,
-                                                &PyId___classcell__);
+    PyObject *cell = PyDict_GetItemWithError(
+            type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__classcell__));
     if (cell == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -3070,7 +3051,7 @@ type_new_set_classcell(PyTypeObject *type)
     }
 
     (void)PyCell_Set(cell, (PyObject *) type);
-    if (_PyDict_DelItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___classcell__) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_DelItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__classcell__)) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     return 0;
@@ -3098,16 +3079,16 @@ type_new_set_attrs(const type_new_ctx *ctx, PyTypeObject *type)
 
     /* Special-case __new__: if it's a plain function,
        make it a static function */
-    if (type_new_staticmethod(type, &PyId___new__) < 0) {
+    if (type_new_staticmethod(type, &_Py_ID(__new__)) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
     /* Special-case __init_subclass__ and __class_getitem__:
        if they are plain functions, make them classmethods */
-    if (type_new_classmethod(type, &PyId___init_subclass__) < 0) {
+    if (type_new_classmethod(type, &_Py_ID(__init_subclass__)) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    if (type_new_classmethod(type, &PyId___class_getitem__) < 0) {
+    if (type_new_classmethod(type, &_Py_ID(__class_getitem__)) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -3127,8 +3108,7 @@ type_new_set_attrs(const type_new_ctx *ctx, PyTypeObject *type)
 static int
 type_new_get_slots(type_new_ctx *ctx, PyObject *dict)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__slots__);
-    PyObject *slots = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(dict, &PyId___slots__);
+    PyObject *slots = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, &_Py_ID(__slots__));
     if (slots == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
@@ -3251,15 +3231,14 @@ type_new_get_bases(type_new_ctx *ctx, PyObject **type)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__mro_entries__);
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < nbases; i++) {
         PyObject *base = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(ctx->bases, i);
         if (PyType_Check(base)) {
             continue;
         }
         PyObject *mro_entries;
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(base, &PyId___mro_entries__,
-                                   &mro_entries) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(base, &_Py_ID(__mro_entries__),
+                                 &mro_entries) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
         if (mro_entries != NULL) {
@@ -3608,7 +3587,7 @@ PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
         PyObject *__doc__ = PyUnicode_FromString(_PyType_DocWithoutSignature(type->tp_name, type->tp_doc));
         if (!__doc__)
             goto fail;
-        r = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__, __doc__);
+        r = PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__), __doc__);
         Py_DECREF(__doc__);
         if (r < 0)
             goto fail;
@@ -3626,7 +3605,7 @@ PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
     }
 
     /* Set type.__module__ */
-    r = _PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__);
+    r = PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__));
     if (r < 0) {
         goto fail;
     }
@@ -3638,7 +3617,7 @@ PyType_FromModuleAndSpec(PyObject *module, PyType_Spec *spec, PyObject *bases)
             if (modname == NULL) {
                 goto fail;
             }
-            r = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___module__, modname);
+            r = PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__module__), modname);
             Py_DECREF(modname);
             if (r != 0)
                 goto fail;
@@ -4217,13 +4196,12 @@ merge_class_dict(PyObject *dict, PyObject *aclass)
 {
     PyObject *classdict;
     PyObject *bases;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__bases__);
 
     assert(PyDict_Check(dict));
     assert(aclass);
 
     /* Merge in the type's dict (if any). */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(aclass, &PyId___dict__, &classdict) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(aclass, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &classdict) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (classdict != NULL) {
@@ -4234,7 +4212,7 @@ merge_class_dict(PyObject *dict, PyObject *aclass)
     }
 
     /* Recursively merge in the base types' (if any) dicts. */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(aclass, &PyId___bases__, &bases) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(aclass, &_Py_ID(__bases__), &bases) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (bases != NULL) {
@@ -4557,8 +4535,6 @@ object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
         PyObject *abstract_methods;
         PyObject *sorted_methods;
         PyObject *joined;
-        PyObject *comma;
-        _Py_static_string(comma_id, ", ");
         Py_ssize_t method_count;
 
         /* Compute ", ".join(sorted(type.__abstractmethods__))
@@ -4574,12 +4550,7 @@ object_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
             Py_DECREF(sorted_methods);
             return NULL;
         }
-        comma = _PyUnicode_FromId(&comma_id);
-        if (comma == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(sorted_methods);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        joined = PyUnicode_Join(comma, sorted_methods);
+        joined = PyUnicode_Join(&_Py_STR(comma_sep), sorted_methods);
         method_count = PyObject_Length(sorted_methods);
         Py_DECREF(sorted_methods);
         if (joined == NULL)
@@ -4632,7 +4603,7 @@ object_repr(PyObject *self)
         Py_XDECREF(mod);
         return NULL;
     }
-    if (mod != NULL && !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(mod, &PyId_builtins))
+    if (mod != NULL && !_PyUnicode_Equal(mod, &_Py_ID(builtins)))
         rtn = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%U.%U object at %p>", mod, name, self);
     else
         rtn = PyUnicode_FromFormat("<%s object at %p>",
@@ -4925,27 +4896,19 @@ static PyGetSetDef object_getsets[] = {
 static PyObject *
 import_copyreg(void)
 {
-    PyObject *copyreg_str;
-    PyObject *copyreg_module;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(copyreg);
-
-    copyreg_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_copyreg);
-    if (copyreg_str == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
     /* Try to fetch cached copy of copyreg from sys.modules first in an
        attempt to avoid the import overhead. Previously this was implemented
        by storing a reference to the cached module in a static variable, but
        this broke when multiple embedded interpreters were in use (see issue
        #17408 and #19088). */
-    copyreg_module = PyImport_GetModule(copyreg_str);
+    PyObject *copyreg_module = PyImport_GetModule(&_Py_ID(copyreg));
     if (copyreg_module != NULL) {
         return copyreg_module;
     }
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return NULL;
     }
-    return PyImport_Import(copyreg_str);
+    return PyImport_Import(&_Py_ID(copyreg));
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -4953,13 +4916,11 @@ _PyType_GetSlotNames(PyTypeObject *cls)
 {
     PyObject *copyreg;
     PyObject *slotnames;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__slotnames__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_slotnames);
 
     assert(PyType_Check(cls));
 
     /* Get the slot names from the cache in the class if possible. */
-    slotnames = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(cls->tp_dict, &PyId___slotnames__);
+    slotnames = PyDict_GetItemWithError(cls->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__slotnames__));
     if (slotnames != NULL) {
         if (slotnames != Py_None && !PyList_Check(slotnames)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -4985,8 +4946,8 @@ _PyType_GetSlotNames(PyTypeObject *cls)
     /* Use _slotnames function from the copyreg module to find the slots
        by this class and its bases. This function will cache the result
        in __slotnames__. */
-    slotnames = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(copyreg, &PyId__slotnames,
-                                             (PyObject *)cls);
+    slotnames = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            copyreg, &_Py_ID(_slotnames), (PyObject *)cls);
     Py_DECREF(copyreg);
     if (slotnames == NULL)
         return NULL;
@@ -5006,9 +4967,8 @@ _PyObject_GetState(PyObject *obj, int required)
 {
     PyObject *state;
     PyObject *getstate;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getstate__);
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___getstate__, &getstate) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__getstate__), &getstate) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (getstate == NULL) {
@@ -5144,8 +5104,6 @@ static int
 _PyObject_GetNewArguments(PyObject *obj, PyObject **args, PyObject **kwargs)
 {
     PyObject *getnewargs, *getnewargs_ex;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getnewargs_ex__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getnewargs__);
 
     if (args == NULL || kwargs == NULL) {
         PyErr_BadInternalCall();
@@ -5154,7 +5112,7 @@ _PyObject_GetNewArguments(PyObject *obj, PyObject **args, PyObject **kwargs)
 
     /* We first attempt to fetch the arguments for __new__ by calling
        __getnewargs_ex__ on the object. */
-    getnewargs_ex = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &PyId___getnewargs_ex__);
+    getnewargs_ex = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &_Py_ID(__getnewargs_ex__));
     if (getnewargs_ex != NULL) {
         PyObject *newargs = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(getnewargs_ex);
         Py_DECREF(getnewargs_ex);
@@ -5207,7 +5165,7 @@ _PyObject_GetNewArguments(PyObject *obj, PyObject **args, PyObject **kwargs)
 
     /* The object does not have __getnewargs_ex__ so we fallback on using
        __getnewargs__ instead. */
-    getnewargs = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &PyId___getnewargs__);
+    getnewargs = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(obj, &_Py_ID(__getnewargs__));
     if (getnewargs != NULL) {
         *args = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(getnewargs);
         Py_DECREF(getnewargs);
@@ -5260,10 +5218,7 @@ _PyObject_GetItemsIter(PyObject *obj, PyObject **listitems,
         Py_INCREF(*dictitems);
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *items;
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(items);
-
-        items = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(obj, &PyId_items);
+        PyObject *items = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(obj, &_Py_ID(items));
         if (items == NULL) {
             Py_CLEAR(*listitems);
             return -1;
@@ -5307,12 +5262,11 @@ reduce_newobj(PyObject *obj)
     }
     hasargs = (args != NULL);
     if (kwargs == NULL || PyDict_GET_SIZE(kwargs) == 0) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__newobj__);
         PyObject *cls;
         Py_ssize_t i, n;
 
         Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
-        newobj = _PyObject_GetAttrId(copyreg, &PyId___newobj__);
+        newobj = PyObject_GetAttr(copyreg, &_Py_ID(__newobj__));
         Py_DECREF(copyreg);
         if (newobj == NULL) {
             Py_XDECREF(args);
@@ -5336,9 +5290,7 @@ reduce_newobj(PyObject *obj)
         Py_XDECREF(args);
     }
     else if (args != NULL) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__newobj_ex__);
-
-        newobj = _PyObject_GetAttrId(copyreg, &PyId___newobj_ex__);
+        newobj = PyObject_GetAttr(copyreg, &_Py_ID(__newobj_ex__));
         Py_DECREF(copyreg);
         if (newobj == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(args);
@@ -5444,17 +5396,16 @@ object___reduce_ex___impl(PyObject *self, int protocol)
 {
     static PyObject *objreduce;
     PyObject *reduce, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__reduce__);
 
     if (objreduce == NULL) {
-        objreduce = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyBaseObject_Type.tp_dict,
-                                               &PyId___reduce__);
+        objreduce = PyDict_GetItemWithError(
+                PyBaseObject_Type.tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__reduce__));
         if (objreduce == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(self, &PyId___reduce__, &reduce) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__reduce__), &reduce) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (reduce != NULL) {
@@ -5462,7 +5413,7 @@ object___reduce_ex___impl(PyObject *self, int protocol)
         int override;
 
         cls = (PyObject *) Py_TYPE(self);
-        clsreduce = _PyObject_GetAttrId(cls, &PyId___reduce__);
+        clsreduce = PyObject_GetAttr(cls, &_Py_ID(__reduce__));
         if (clsreduce == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(reduce);
             return NULL;
@@ -5570,7 +5521,7 @@ object___dir___impl(PyObject *self)
     PyObject *itsclass = NULL;
 
     /* Get __dict__ (which may or may not be a real dict...) */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(self, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &dict) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
     if (dict == NULL) {
@@ -5591,7 +5542,7 @@ object___dir___impl(PyObject *self)
         goto error;
 
     /* Merge in attrs reachable from its class. */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(self, &PyId___class__, &itsclass) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(self, &_Py_ID(__class__), &itsclass) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
     /* XXX(tomer): Perhaps fall back to Py_TYPE(obj) if no
@@ -5857,12 +5808,11 @@ static int
 overrides_hash(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     PyObject *dict = type->tp_dict;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__eq__);
 
     assert(dict != NULL);
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(dict, &PyId___eq__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(dict, &_Py_ID(__eq__));
     if (r == 0) {
-        r = _PyDict_ContainsId(dict, &PyId___hash__);
+        r = PyDict_Contains(dict, &_Py_ID(__hash__));
     }
     return r;
 }
@@ -6177,7 +6127,7 @@ type_ready_set_dict(PyTypeObject *type)
 static int
 type_dict_set_doc(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__));
     if (r < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -6193,14 +6143,14 @@ type_dict_set_doc(PyTypeObject *type)
             return -1;
         }
 
-        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__, doc) < 0) {
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__), doc) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(doc);
             return -1;
         }
         Py_DECREF(doc);
     }
     else {
-        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___doc__, Py_None) < 0) {
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__doc__), Py_None) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -6348,7 +6298,7 @@ type_ready_set_hash(PyTypeObject *type)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___hash__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__hash__));
     if (r < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -6356,7 +6306,7 @@ type_ready_set_hash(PyTypeObject *type)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___hash__, Py_None) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__hash__), Py_None) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     type->tp_hash = PyObject_HashNotImplemented;
@@ -7173,7 +7123,7 @@ static struct PyMethodDef tp_new_methoddef[] = {
 static int
 add_tp_new_wrapper(PyTypeObject *type)
 {
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___new__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__new__));
     if (r > 0) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -7185,7 +7135,7 @@ add_tp_new_wrapper(PyTypeObject *type)
     if (func == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    r = _PyDict_SetItemId(type->tp_dict, &PyId___new__, func);
+    r = PyDict_SetItem(type->tp_dict, &_Py_ID(__new__), func);
     Py_DECREF(func);
     return r;
 }
@@ -7193,33 +7143,31 @@ add_tp_new_wrapper(PyTypeObject *type)
 /* Slot wrappers that call the corresponding __foo__ slot.  See comments
    below at override_slots() for more explanation. */
 
-#define SLOT0(FUNCNAME, OPSTR) \
+#define SLOT0(FUNCNAME, DUNDER) \
 static PyObject * \
 FUNCNAME(PyObject *self) \
 { \
     PyObject* stack[1] = {self}; \
-    _Py_static_string(id, OPSTR); \
-    return vectorcall_method(&id, stack, 1); \
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(DUNDER), stack, 1); \
 }
 
-#define SLOT1(FUNCNAME, OPSTR, ARG1TYPE) \
+#define SLOT1(FUNCNAME, DUNDER, ARG1TYPE) \
 static PyObject * \
 FUNCNAME(PyObject *self, ARG1TYPE arg1) \
 { \
     PyObject* stack[2] = {self, arg1}; \
-    _Py_static_string(id, OPSTR); \
-    return vectorcall_method(&id, stack, 2); \
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(DUNDER), stack, 2); \
 }
 
 /* Boolean helper for SLOT1BINFULL().
    right.__class__ is a nontrivial subclass of left.__class__. */
 static int
-method_is_overloaded(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, struct _Py_Identifier *name)
+method_is_overloaded(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *a, *b;
     int ok;
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(right)), name, &b) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(right)), name, &b) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
     if (b == NULL) {
@@ -7227,7 +7175,7 @@ method_is_overloaded(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, struct _Py_Identifier *nam
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId((PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(left)), name, &a) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr((PyObject *)(Py_TYPE(left)), name, &a) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(b);
         return -1;
     }
@@ -7244,14 +7192,12 @@ method_is_overloaded(PyObject *left, PyObject *right, struct _Py_Identifier *nam
 }
 
 
-#define SLOT1BINFULL(FUNCNAME, TESTFUNC, SLOTNAME, OPSTR, ROPSTR) \
+#define SLOT1BINFULL(FUNCNAME, TESTFUNC, SLOTNAME, DUNDER, RDUNDER) \
 static PyObject * \
 FUNCNAME(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) \
 { \
     PyObject* stack[2]; \
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET(); \
-    _Py_static_string(op_id, OPSTR); \
-    _Py_static_string(rop_id, ROPSTR); \
     int do_other = !Py_IS_TYPE(self, Py_TYPE(other)) && \
         Py_TYPE(other)->tp_as_number != NULL && \
         Py_TYPE(other)->tp_as_number->SLOTNAME == TESTFUNC; \
@@ -7259,14 +7205,14 @@ FUNCNAME(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) \
         Py_TYPE(self)->tp_as_number->SLOTNAME == TESTFUNC) { \
         PyObject *r; \
         if (do_other && PyType_IsSubtype(Py_TYPE(other), Py_TYPE(self))) { \
-            int ok = method_is_overloaded(self, other, &rop_id); \
+            int ok = method_is_overloaded(self, other, &_Py_ID(RDUNDER)); \
             if (ok < 0) { \
                 return NULL; \
             } \
             if (ok) { \
                 stack[0] = other; \
                 stack[1] = self; \
-                r = vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &rop_id, stack, 2); \
+                r = vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &_Py_ID(RDUNDER), stack, 2); \
                 if (r != Py_NotImplemented) \
                     return r; \
                 Py_DECREF(r); \
@@ -7275,7 +7221,7 @@ FUNCNAME(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) \
         } \
         stack[0] = self; \
         stack[1] = other; \
-        r = vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &op_id, stack, 2); \
+        r = vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &_Py_ID(DUNDER), stack, 2); \
         if (r != Py_NotImplemented || \
             Py_IS_TYPE(other, Py_TYPE(self))) \
             return r; \
@@ -7284,19 +7230,19 @@ FUNCNAME(PyObject *self, PyObject *other) \
     if (do_other) { \
         stack[0] = other; \
         stack[1] = self; \
-        return vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &rop_id, stack, 2); \
+        return vectorcall_maybe(tstate, &_Py_ID(RDUNDER), stack, 2); \
     } \
     Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED; \
 }
 
-#define SLOT1BIN(FUNCNAME, SLOTNAME, OPSTR, ROPSTR) \
-    SLOT1BINFULL(FUNCNAME, FUNCNAME, SLOTNAME, OPSTR, ROPSTR)
+#define SLOT1BIN(FUNCNAME, SLOTNAME, DUNDER, RDUNDER) \
+    SLOT1BINFULL(FUNCNAME, FUNCNAME, SLOTNAME, DUNDER, RDUNDER)
 
 static Py_ssize_t
 slot_sq_length(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyObject* stack[1] = {self};
-    PyObject *res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___len__, stack, 1);
+    PyObject *res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__len__), stack, 1);
     Py_ssize_t len;
 
     if (res == NULL)
@@ -7328,7 +7274,7 @@ slot_sq_item(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t i)
         return NULL;
     }
     PyObject *stack[2] = {self, ival};
-    PyObject *retval = vectorcall_method(&PyId___getitem__, stack, 2);
+    PyObject *retval = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__getitem__), stack, 2);
     Py_DECREF(ival);
     return retval;
 }
@@ -7348,11 +7294,11 @@ slot_sq_ass_item(PyObject *self, Py_ssize_t index, PyObject *value)
     stack[0] = self;
     stack[1] = index_obj;
     if (value == NULL) {
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___delitem__, stack, 2);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__delitem__), stack, 2);
     }
     else {
         stack[2] = value;
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___setitem__, stack, 3);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__setitem__), stack, 3);
     }
     Py_DECREF(index_obj);
 
@@ -7369,9 +7315,8 @@ slot_sq_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     PyObject *func, *res;
     int result = -1, unbound;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__contains__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___contains__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__contains__), &unbound);
     if (func == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(func);
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -7398,7 +7343,7 @@ slot_sq_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
 
 #define slot_mp_length slot_sq_length
 
-SLOT1(slot_mp_subscript, "__getitem__", PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_mp_subscript, __getitem__, PyObject *)
 
 static int
 slot_mp_ass_subscript(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
@@ -7409,11 +7354,11 @@ slot_mp_ass_subscript(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
     stack[0] = self;
     stack[1] = key;
     if (value == NULL) {
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___delitem__, stack, 2);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__delitem__), stack, 2);
     }
     else {
         stack[2] = value;
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___setitem__, stack, 3);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__setitem__), stack, 3);
     }
 
     if (res == NULL)
@@ -7422,23 +7367,20 @@ slot_mp_ass_subscript(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
     return 0;
 }
 
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_add, nb_add, "__add__", "__radd__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_subtract, nb_subtract, "__sub__", "__rsub__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_multiply, nb_multiply, "__mul__", "__rmul__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_matrix_multiply, nb_matrix_multiply, "__matmul__", "__rmatmul__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_remainder, nb_remainder, "__mod__", "__rmod__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_divmod, nb_divmod, "__divmod__", "__rdivmod__")
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_add, nb_add, __add__, __radd__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_subtract, nb_subtract, __sub__, __rsub__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_multiply, nb_multiply, __mul__, __rmul__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_matrix_multiply, nb_matrix_multiply, __matmul__, __rmatmul__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_remainder, nb_remainder, __mod__, __rmod__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_divmod, nb_divmod, __divmod__, __rdivmod__)
 
 static PyObject *slot_nb_power(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
-SLOT1BINFULL(slot_nb_power_binary, slot_nb_power,
-             nb_power, "__pow__", "__rpow__")
+SLOT1BINFULL(slot_nb_power_binary, slot_nb_power, nb_power, __pow__, __rpow__)
 
 static PyObject *
 slot_nb_power(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, PyObject *modulus)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__pow__);
-
     if (modulus == Py_None)
         return slot_nb_power_binary(self, other);
     /* Three-arg power doesn't use __rpow__.  But ternary_op
@@ -7447,14 +7389,14 @@ slot_nb_power(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, PyObject *modulus)
     if (Py_TYPE(self)->tp_as_number != NULL &&
         Py_TYPE(self)->tp_as_number->nb_power == slot_nb_power) {
         PyObject* stack[3] = {self, other, modulus};
-        return vectorcall_method(&PyId___pow__, stack, 3);
+        return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__pow__), stack, 3);
     }
     Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
 }
 
-SLOT0(slot_nb_negative, "__neg__")
-SLOT0(slot_nb_positive, "__pos__")
-SLOT0(slot_nb_absolute, "__abs__")
+SLOT0(slot_nb_negative, __neg__)
+SLOT0(slot_nb_positive, __pos__)
+SLOT0(slot_nb_absolute, __abs__)
 
 static int
 slot_nb_bool(PyObject *self)
@@ -7462,15 +7404,14 @@ slot_nb_bool(PyObject *self)
     PyObject *func, *value;
     int result, unbound;
     int using_len = 0;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__bool__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___bool__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__bool__), &unbound);
     if (func == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return -1;
         }
 
-        func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___len__, &unbound);
+        func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__len__), &unbound);
         if (func == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 return -1;
@@ -7513,53 +7454,50 @@ slot_nb_bool(PyObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 slot_nb_index(PyObject *self)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__index__);
     PyObject *stack[1] = {self};
-    return vectorcall_method(&PyId___index__, stack, 1);
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__index__), stack, 1);
 }
 
 
-SLOT0(slot_nb_invert, "__invert__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_lshift, nb_lshift, "__lshift__", "__rlshift__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_rshift, nb_rshift, "__rshift__", "__rrshift__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_and, nb_and, "__and__", "__rand__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_xor, nb_xor, "__xor__", "__rxor__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_or, nb_or, "__or__", "__ror__")
+SLOT0(slot_nb_invert, __invert__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_lshift, nb_lshift, __lshift__, __rlshift__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_rshift, nb_rshift, __rshift__, __rrshift__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_and, nb_and, __and__, __rand__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_xor, nb_xor, __xor__, __rxor__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_or, nb_or, __or__, __ror__)
 
-SLOT0(slot_nb_int, "__int__")
-SLOT0(slot_nb_float, "__float__")
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_add, "__iadd__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_subtract, "__isub__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_multiply, "__imul__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_matrix_multiply, "__imatmul__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_remainder, "__imod__", PyObject *)
+SLOT0(slot_nb_int, __int__)
+SLOT0(slot_nb_float, __float__)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_add, __iadd__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_subtract, __isub__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_multiply, __imul__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_matrix_multiply, __imatmul__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_remainder, __imod__, PyObject *)
 /* Can't use SLOT1 here, because nb_inplace_power is ternary */
 static PyObject *
 slot_nb_inplace_power(PyObject *self, PyObject * arg1, PyObject *arg2)
 {
     PyObject *stack[2] = {self, arg1};
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__ipow__);
-    return vectorcall_method(&PyId___ipow__, stack, 2);
-}
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_lshift, "__ilshift__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_rshift, "__irshift__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_and, "__iand__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_xor, "__ixor__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_or, "__ior__", PyObject *)
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__ipow__), stack, 2);
+}
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_lshift, __ilshift__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_rshift, __irshift__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_and, __iand__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_xor, __ixor__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_or, __ior__, PyObject *)
 SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_floor_divide, nb_floor_divide,
-         "__floordiv__", "__rfloordiv__")
-SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_true_divide, nb_true_divide, "__truediv__", "__rtruediv__")
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_floor_divide, "__ifloordiv__", PyObject *)
-SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_true_divide, "__itruediv__", PyObject *)
+         __floordiv__, __rfloordiv__)
+SLOT1BIN(slot_nb_true_divide, nb_true_divide, __truediv__, __rtruediv__)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_floor_divide, __ifloordiv__, PyObject *)
+SLOT1(slot_nb_inplace_true_divide, __itruediv__, PyObject *)
 
 static PyObject *
 slot_tp_repr(PyObject *self)
 {
     PyObject *func, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__repr__);
     int unbound;
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___repr__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__repr__), &unbound);
     if (func != NULL) {
         res = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, func, self);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -7570,7 +7508,7 @@ slot_tp_repr(PyObject *self)
                                Py_TYPE(self)->tp_name, self);
 }
 
-SLOT0(slot_tp_str, "__str__")
+SLOT0(slot_tp_str, __str__)
 
 static Py_hash_t
 slot_tp_hash(PyObject *self)
@@ -7579,7 +7517,7 @@ slot_tp_hash(PyObject *self)
     Py_ssize_t h;
     int unbound;
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___hash__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__hash__), &unbound);
 
     if (func == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -7624,10 +7562,9 @@ static PyObject *
 slot_tp_call(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__call__);
     int unbound;
 
-    PyObject *meth = lookup_method(self, &PyId___call__, &unbound);
+    PyObject *meth = lookup_method(self, &_Py_ID(__call__), &unbound);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -7659,7 +7596,7 @@ static PyObject *
 slot_tp_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyObject *stack[2] = {self, name};
-    return vectorcall_method(&PyId___getattribute__, stack, 2);
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__getattribute__), stack, 2);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -7685,14 +7622,13 @@ slot_tp_getattr_hook(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
 {
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject *getattr, *getattribute, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getattr__);
 
     /* speed hack: we could use lookup_maybe, but that would resolve the
        method fully for each attribute lookup for classes with
        __getattr__, even when the attribute is present. So we use
        _PyType_Lookup and create the method only when needed, with
        call_attribute. */
-    getattr = _PyType_LookupId(tp, &PyId___getattr__);
+    getattr = _PyType_Lookup(tp, &_Py_ID(__getattr__));
     if (getattr == NULL) {
         /* No __getattr__ hook: use a simpler dispatcher */
         tp->tp_getattro = slot_tp_getattro;
@@ -7704,7 +7640,7 @@ slot_tp_getattr_hook(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
        __getattr__, even when self has the default __getattribute__
        method. So we use _PyType_Lookup and create the method only when
        needed, with call_attribute. */
-    getattribute = _PyType_LookupId(tp, &PyId___getattribute__);
+    getattribute = _PyType_Lookup(tp, &_Py_ID(__getattribute__));
     if (getattribute == NULL ||
         (Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyWrapperDescr_Type) &&
          ((PyWrapperDescrObject *)getattribute)->d_wrapped ==
@@ -7728,17 +7664,15 @@ slot_tp_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
 {
     PyObject *stack[3];
     PyObject *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__delattr__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__setattr__);
 
     stack[0] = self;
     stack[1] = name;
     if (value == NULL) {
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___delattr__, stack, 2);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__delattr__), stack, 2);
     }
     else {
         stack[2] = value;
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___setattr__, stack, 3);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__setattr__), stack, 3);
     }
     if (res == NULL)
         return -1;
@@ -7746,13 +7680,13 @@ slot_tp_setattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name, PyObject *value)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static _Py_Identifier name_op[] = {
-    _Py_static_string_init("__lt__"),
-    _Py_static_string_init("__le__"),
-    _Py_static_string_init("__eq__"),
-    _Py_static_string_init("__ne__"),
-    _Py_static_string_init("__gt__"),
-    _Py_static_string_init("__ge__"),
+static PyObject *name_op[] = {
+    &_Py_ID(__lt__),
+    &_Py_ID(__le__),
+    &_Py_ID(__eq__),
+    &_Py_ID(__ne__),
+    &_Py_ID(__gt__),
+    &_Py_ID(__ge__),
 };
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -7761,7 +7695,7 @@ slot_tp_richcompare(PyObject *self, PyObject *other, int op)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     int unbound;
-    PyObject *func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &name_op[op], &unbound);
+    PyObject *func = lookup_maybe_method(self, name_op[op], &unbound);
     if (func == NULL) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         Py_RETURN_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
@@ -7778,9 +7712,8 @@ slot_tp_iter(PyObject *self)
 {
     int unbound;
     PyObject *func, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__iter__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___iter__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__iter__), &unbound);
     if (func == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(func);
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -7796,7 +7729,7 @@ slot_tp_iter(PyObject *self)
     }
 
     PyErr_Clear();
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___getitem__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__getitem__), &unbound);
     if (func == NULL) {
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
                      "'%.200s' object is not iterable",
@@ -7810,9 +7743,8 @@ slot_tp_iter(PyObject *self)
 static PyObject *
 slot_tp_iternext(PyObject *self)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__next__);
     PyObject *stack[1] = {self};
-    return vectorcall_method(&PyId___next__, stack, 1);
+    return vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__next__), stack, 1);
 }
 
 static PyObject *
@@ -7820,9 +7752,8 @@ slot_tp_descr_get(PyObject *self, PyObject *obj, PyObject *type)
 {
     PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(self);
     PyObject *get;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__get__);
 
-    get = _PyType_LookupId(tp, &PyId___get__);
+    get = _PyType_Lookup(tp, &_Py_ID(__get__));
     if (get == NULL) {
         /* Avoid further slowdowns */
         if (tp->tp_descr_get == slot_tp_descr_get)
@@ -7842,17 +7773,15 @@ slot_tp_descr_set(PyObject *self, PyObject *target, PyObject *value)
 {
     PyObject* stack[3];
     PyObject *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__delete__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__set__);
 
     stack[0] = self;
     stack[1] = target;
     if (value == NULL) {
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___delete__, stack, 2);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__delete__), stack, 2);
     }
     else {
         stack[2] = value;
-        res = vectorcall_method(&PyId___set__, stack, 3);
+        res = vectorcall_method(&_Py_ID(__set__), stack, 3);
     }
     if (res == NULL)
         return -1;
@@ -7865,9 +7794,8 @@ slot_tp_init(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__init__);
     int unbound;
-    PyObject *meth = lookup_method(self, &PyId___init__, &unbound);
+    PyObject *meth = lookup_method(self, &_Py_ID(__init__), &unbound);
     if (meth == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -7899,7 +7827,7 @@ slot_tp_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     PyObject *func, *result;
 
-    func = _PyObject_GetAttrId((PyObject *)type, &PyId___new__);
+    func = PyObject_GetAttr((PyObject *)type, &_Py_ID(__new__));
     if (func == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -7912,7 +7840,6 @@ slot_tp_new(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static void
 slot_tp_finalize(PyObject *self)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__del__);
     int unbound;
     PyObject *del, *res;
     PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
@@ -7921,7 +7848,7 @@ slot_tp_finalize(PyObject *self)
     PyErr_Fetch(&error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
 
     /* Execute __del__ method, if any. */
-    del = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___del__, &unbound);
+    del = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__del__), &unbound);
     if (del != NULL) {
         res = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, del, self);
         if (res == NULL)
@@ -7940,9 +7867,8 @@ slot_am_await(PyObject *self)
 {
     int unbound;
     PyObject *func, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__await__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___await__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__await__), &unbound);
     if (func != NULL) {
         res = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, func, self);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -7959,9 +7885,8 @@ slot_am_aiter(PyObject *self)
 {
     int unbound;
     PyObject *func, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__aiter__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___aiter__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__aiter__), &unbound);
     if (func != NULL) {
         res = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, func, self);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -7978,9 +7903,8 @@ slot_am_anext(PyObject *self)
 {
     int unbound;
     PyObject *func, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__anext__);
 
-    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &PyId___anext__, &unbound);
+    func = lookup_maybe_method(self, &_Py_ID(__anext__), &unbound);
     if (func != NULL) {
         res = call_unbound_noarg(unbound, func, self);
         Py_DECREF(func);
@@ -8612,7 +8536,8 @@ type_new_set_names(PyTypeObject *type)
     Py_ssize_t i = 0;
     PyObject *key, *value;
     while (PyDict_Next(names_to_set, &i, &key, &value)) {
-        PyObject *set_name = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(value, &PyId___set_name__);
+        PyObject *set_name = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(value,
+                                                     &_Py_ID(__set_name__));
         if (set_name == NULL) {
             if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
                 goto error;
@@ -8652,7 +8577,7 @@ type_new_init_subclass(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *kwds)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    PyObject *func = _PyObject_GetAttrId(super, &PyId___init_subclass__);
+    PyObject *func = PyObject_GetAttr(super, &_Py_ID(__init_subclass__));
     Py_DECREF(super);
     if (func == NULL) {
         return -1;
@@ -8862,7 +8787,7 @@ super_getattro(PyObject *self, PyObject *name)
        (i.e. super, or a subclass), not the class of su->obj. */
     if (PyUnicode_Check(name) &&
         PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(name) == 9 &&
-        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(name, &PyId___class__))
+        _PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__class__)))
         goto skip;
 
     mro = starttype->tp_mro;
@@ -8954,7 +8879,7 @@ supercheck(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *obj)
         /* Try the slow way */
         PyObject *class_attr;
 
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___class__, &class_attr) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__class__), &class_attr) < 0) {
             return NULL;
         }
         if (class_attr != NULL &&
@@ -9045,7 +8970,7 @@ super_init_without_args(InterpreterFrame *cframe, PyCodeObject *co,
         assert((_PyLocals_GetKind(co->co_localspluskinds, i) & CO_FAST_FREE) != 0);
         PyObject *name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(co->co_localsplusnames, i);
         assert(PyUnicode_Check(name));
-        if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(name, &PyId___class__)) {
+        if (_PyUnicode_Equal(name, &_Py_ID(__class__))) {
             PyObject *cell = _PyFrame_GetLocalsArray(cframe)[i];
             if (cell == NULL || !PyCell_Check(cell)) {
                 PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
diff --git a/Objects/unicodeobject.c b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
index 888871a90c875..908ad51492599 100644
--- a/Objects/unicodeobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unicodeobject.c
@@ -260,11 +260,7 @@ get_unicode_state(void)
 // Return a borrowed reference to the empty string singleton.
 static inline PyObject* unicode_get_empty(void)
 {
-    struct _Py_unicode_state *state = get_unicode_state();
-    // unicode_get_empty() must not be called before _PyUnicode_Init()
-    // or after _PyUnicode_Fini()
-    assert(state->empty_string != NULL);
-    return state->empty_string;
+    return &_Py_STR(empty);
 }
 
 
@@ -1388,25 +1384,6 @@ _PyUnicode_Dump(PyObject *op)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int
-unicode_create_empty_string_singleton(struct _Py_unicode_state *state)
-{
-    // Use size=1 rather than size=0, so PyUnicode_New(0, maxchar) can be
-    // optimized to always use state->empty_string without having to check if
-    // it is NULL or not.
-    PyObject *empty = PyUnicode_New(1, 0);
-    if (empty == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(empty)[0] = 0;
-    _PyUnicode_LENGTH(empty) = 0;
-    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(empty, 1));
-
-    assert(state->empty_string == NULL);
-    state->empty_string = empty;
-    return 0;
-}
-
 
 PyObject *
 PyUnicode_New(Py_ssize_t size, Py_UCS4 maxchar)
@@ -2009,10 +1986,11 @@ unicode_dealloc(PyObject *unicode)
 static int
 unicode_is_singleton(PyObject *unicode)
 {
-    struct _Py_unicode_state *state = get_unicode_state();
-    if (unicode == state->empty_string) {
+    if (unicode == &_Py_STR(empty)) {
         return 1;
     }
+
+    struct _Py_unicode_state *state = get_unicode_state();
     PyASCIIObject *ascii = (PyASCIIObject *)unicode;
     if (ascii->state.kind != PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND && ascii->length == 1) {
         Py_UCS4 ch = PyUnicode_READ_CHAR(unicode, 0);
@@ -15551,11 +15529,14 @@ _PyUnicode_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 PyStatus
 _PyUnicode_InitGlobalObjects(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    struct _Py_unicode_state *state = &interp->unicode;
-    if (unicode_create_empty_string_singleton(state) < 0) {
-        return _PyStatus_NO_MEMORY();
+    if (!_Py_IsMainInterpreter(interp)) {
+        return _PyStatus_OK();
     }
 
+#ifdef Py_DEBUG
+    assert(_PyUnicode_CheckConsistency(&_Py_STR(empty), 1));
+#endif
+
     return _PyStatus_OK();
 }
 
@@ -15798,15 +15779,14 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(length_hint_doc, "Private method returning an estimate of len(list(
 static PyObject *
 unicodeiter_reduce(unicodeiterobject *it, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(iter);
     if (it->it_seq != NULL) {
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter),
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(O)n", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)),
                              it->it_seq, it->it_index);
     } else {
         PyObject *u = (PyObject *)_PyUnicode_New(0);
         if (u == NULL)
             return NULL;
-        return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltinId(&PyId_iter), u);
+        return Py_BuildValue("N(N)", _PyEval_GetBuiltin(&_Py_ID(iter)), u);
     }
 }
 
@@ -16137,7 +16117,6 @@ _PyUnicode_Fini(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
         Py_CLEAR(state->latin1[i]);
     }
-    Py_CLEAR(state->empty_string);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/unionobject.c b/Objects/unionobject.c
index 80c70389ab30d..72a0a3f2cf8d2 100644
--- a/Objects/unionobject.c
+++ b/Objects/unionobject.c
@@ -255,10 +255,6 @@ _Py_union_type_or(PyObject* self, PyObject* other)
 static int
 union_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__qualname__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__origin__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__args__);
     PyObject *qualname = NULL;
     PyObject *module = NULL;
     PyObject *tmp;
@@ -269,13 +265,13 @@ union_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
         return _PyUnicodeWriter_WriteASCIIString(writer, "None", 4);
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___origin__, &tmp) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__origin__), &tmp) < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
 
     if (tmp) {
         Py_DECREF(tmp);
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___args__, &tmp) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__args__), &tmp) < 0) {
             goto exit;
         }
         if (tmp) {
@@ -285,13 +281,13 @@ union_repr_item(_PyUnicodeWriter *writer, PyObject *p)
         }
     }
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___qualname__, &qualname) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__qualname__), &qualname) < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (qualname == NULL) {
         goto use_repr;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(p, &PyId___module__, &module) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(p, &_Py_ID(__module__), &module) < 0) {
         goto exit;
     }
     if (module == NULL || module == Py_None) {
diff --git a/Objects/weakrefobject.c b/Objects/weakrefobject.c
index 76121f9fe8872..71dfa640ebf57 100644
--- a/Objects/weakrefobject.c
+++ b/Objects/weakrefobject.c
@@ -163,7 +163,6 @@ static PyObject *
 weakref_repr(PyWeakReference *self)
 {
     PyObject *name, *repr;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
     PyObject* obj = PyWeakref_GET_OBJECT(self);
 
     if (obj == Py_None) {
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ weakref_repr(PyWeakReference *self)
     }
 
     Py_INCREF(obj);
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(obj, &PyId___name__, &name) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(obj, &_Py_ID(__name__), &name) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(obj);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -462,10 +461,9 @@ proxy_checkref(PyWeakReference *proxy)
 #define WRAP_METHOD(method, special) \
     static PyObject * \
     method(PyObject *proxy, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored)) { \
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(special); \
             UNWRAP(proxy); \
             Py_INCREF(proxy); \
-            PyObject* res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(proxy, &PyId_##special); \
+            PyObject* res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(proxy, &_Py_ID(special)); \
             Py_DECREF(proxy); \
             return res; \
         }
diff --git a/Parser/tokenizer.c b/Parser/tokenizer.c
index d38df66c69ed0..b14506aaca352 100644
--- a/Parser/tokenizer.c
+++ b/Parser/tokenizer.c
@@ -443,8 +443,6 @@ static int
 fp_setreadl(struct tok_state *tok, const char* enc)
 {
     PyObject *readline, *io, *stream;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(open);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(readline);
     int fd;
     long pos;
 
@@ -462,25 +460,28 @@ fp_setreadl(struct tok_state *tok, const char* enc)
     }
 
     io = PyImport_ImportModule("io");
-    if (io == NULL)
+    if (io == NULL) {
         return 0;
-
-    stream = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "isisOOO",
+    }
+    stream = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(open), "isisOOO",
                     fd, "r", -1, enc, Py_None, Py_None, Py_False);
     Py_DECREF(io);
-    if (stream == NULL)
+    if (stream == NULL) {
         return 0;
+    }
 
-    readline = _PyObject_GetAttrId(stream, &PyId_readline);
+    readline = PyObject_GetAttr(stream, &_Py_ID(readline));
     Py_DECREF(stream);
-    if (readline == NULL)
+    if (readline == NULL) {
         return 0;
+    }
     Py_XSETREF(tok->decoding_readline, readline);
 
     if (pos > 0) {
         PyObject *bufobj = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(readline);
-        if (bufobj == NULL)
+        if (bufobj == NULL) {
             return 0;
+        }
         Py_DECREF(bufobj);
     }
 
diff --git a/Programs/_testembed.c b/Programs/_testembed.c
index 08e27d97723b3..3830dc3f8b6ec 100644
--- a/Programs/_testembed.c
+++ b/Programs/_testembed.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
 #  define Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
 #endif
+#define NEEDS_PY_IDENTIFIER
 
 /* Always enable assertion (even in release mode) */
 #undef NDEBUG
diff --git a/Programs/test_frozenmain.h b/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
index 00f36ff9bd70f..01e046becd13b 100644
--- a/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
+++ b/Programs/test_frozenmain.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ unsigned char M_test_frozenmain[] = {
     5,112,114,105,110,116,218,4,97,114,103,118,90,11,103,101,
     116,95,99,111,110,102,105,103,115,114,2,0,0,0,218,3,
     107,101,121,169,0,243,0,0,0,0,250,18,116,101,115,116,
-    95,102,114,111,122,101,110,109,97,105,110,46,112,121,218,8,
+    95,102,114,111,122,101,110,109,97,105,110,46,112,121,250,8,
     60,109,111,100,117,108,101,62,114,11,0,0,0,1,0,0,
     0,115,18,0,0,0,2,128,8,3,8,1,10,2,14,1,
     14,1,8,1,28,7,4,249,115,20,0,0,0,2,128,8,
diff --git a/Python/_warnings.c b/Python/_warnings.c
index cf2110d31c3b5..a47e5fef6865f 100644
--- a/Python/_warnings.c
+++ b/Python/_warnings.c
@@ -14,30 +14,45 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(warnings__doc__,
 MODULE_NAME " provides basic warning filtering support.\n"
 "It is a helper module to speed up interpreter start-up.");
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-#ifndef Py_DEBUG
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(default);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(ignore);
-#endif
-
 
 /*************************************************************************/
 
 typedef struct _warnings_runtime_state WarningsState;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-
-/* Given a module object, get its per-module state. */
-static WarningsState *
-warnings_get_state(void)
+static inline int
+check_interp(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
-    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
     if (interp == NULL) {
         PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                         "warnings_get_state: could not identify "
                         "current interpreter");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static inline PyInterpreterState *
+get_current_interp(void)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    return check_interp(interp) ? interp : NULL;
+}
+
+static inline PyThreadState *
+get_current_tstate(void)
+{
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        (void)check_interp(NULL);
         return NULL;
     }
+    return check_interp(tstate->interp) ? tstate : NULL;
+}
+
+/* Given a module object, get its per-module state. */
+static WarningsState *
+warnings_get_state(PyInterpreterState *interp)
+{
     return &interp->warnings;
 }
 
@@ -52,13 +67,9 @@ warnings_clear_state(WarningsState *st)
 
 #ifndef Py_DEBUG
 static PyObject *
-create_filter(PyObject *category, _Py_Identifier *id, const char *modname)
+create_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *action_str, const char *modname)
 {
     PyObject *modname_obj = NULL;
-    PyObject *action_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(id);
-    if (action_str == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
 
     /* Default to "no module name" for initial filter set */
     if (modname != NULL) {
@@ -79,7 +90,7 @@ create_filter(PyObject *category, _Py_Identifier *id, const char *modname)
 #endif
 
 static PyObject *
-init_filters(void)
+init_filters(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
     /* Py_DEBUG builds show all warnings by default */
@@ -92,16 +103,15 @@ init_filters(void)
     }
 
     size_t pos = 0;  /* Post-incremented in each use. */
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++,
-                    create_filter(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, &PyId_default, "__main__"));
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++,
-                    create_filter(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, &PyId_ignore, NULL));
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++,
-                    create_filter(PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning, &PyId_ignore, NULL));
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++,
-                    create_filter(PyExc_ImportWarning, &PyId_ignore, NULL));
-    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++,
-                    create_filter(PyExc_ResourceWarning, &PyId_ignore, NULL));
+#define ADD(TYPE, ACTION, MODNAME) \
+    PyList_SET_ITEM(filters, pos++, \
+                    create_filter(TYPE, &_Py_ID(ACTION), MODNAME));
+    ADD(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, default, "__main__");
+    ADD(PyExc_DeprecationWarning, ignore, NULL);
+    ADD(PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning, ignore, NULL);
+    ADD(PyExc_ImportWarning, ignore, NULL);
+    ADD(PyExc_ResourceWarning, ignore, NULL);
+#undef ADD
 
     for (size_t x = 0; x < pos; x++) {
         if (PyList_GET_ITEM(filters, x) == NULL) {
@@ -120,7 +130,7 @@ _PyWarnings_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
     WarningsState *st = &interp->warnings;
 
     if (st->filters == NULL) {
-        st->filters = init_filters();
+        st->filters = init_filters(interp);
         if (st->filters == NULL) {
             return -1;
         }
@@ -148,10 +158,9 @@ _PyWarnings_InitState(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 /*************************************************************************/
 
 static int
-check_matched(PyObject *obj, PyObject *arg)
+check_matched(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *obj, PyObject *arg)
 {
     PyObject *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(match);
     int rc;
 
     /* A 'None' filter always matches */
@@ -168,7 +177,7 @@ check_matched(PyObject *obj, PyObject *arg)
     }
 
     /* Otherwise assume a regex filter and call its match() method */
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(obj, &PyId_match, arg);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(obj, &_Py_ID(match), arg);
     if (result == NULL)
         return -1;
 
@@ -177,25 +186,21 @@ check_matched(PyObject *obj, PyObject *arg)
     return rc;
 }
 
+#define GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, attr, try_import) \
+    get_warnings_attr(interp, &_Py_ID(attr), try_import)
+
 /*
    Returns a new reference.
    A NULL return value can mean false or an error.
 */
 static PyObject *
-get_warnings_attr(_Py_Identifier *attr_id, int try_import)
+get_warnings_attr(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *attr, int try_import)
 {
-    PyObject *warnings_str;
     PyObject *warnings_module, *obj;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(warnings);
-
-    warnings_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_warnings);
-    if (warnings_str == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
 
     /* don't try to import after the start of the Python finallization */
     if (try_import && !_Py_IsFinalizing()) {
-        warnings_module = PyImport_Import(warnings_str);
+        warnings_module = PyImport_Import(&_Py_ID(warnings));
         if (warnings_module == NULL) {
             /* Fallback to the C implementation if we cannot get
                the Python implementation */
@@ -210,27 +215,31 @@ get_warnings_attr(_Py_Identifier *attr_id, int try_import)
            gone, then we can't even use PyImport_GetModule without triggering
            an interpreter abort.
         */
-        if (!_PyInterpreterState_GET()->modules) {
+        if (!interp->modules) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        warnings_module = PyImport_GetModule(warnings_str);
+        warnings_module = PyImport_GetModule(&_Py_ID(warnings));
         if (warnings_module == NULL)
             return NULL;
     }
 
-    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttrId(warnings_module, attr_id, &obj);
+    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttr(warnings_module, attr, &obj);
     Py_DECREF(warnings_module);
     return obj;
 }
 
 
 static PyObject *
-get_once_registry(WarningsState *st)
+get_once_registry(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     PyObject *registry;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(onceregistry);
 
-    registry = get_warnings_attr(&PyId_onceregistry, 0);
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
+    if (st == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    registry = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, onceregistry, 0);
     if (registry == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred())
             return NULL;
@@ -251,12 +260,16 @@ get_once_registry(WarningsState *st)
 
 
 static PyObject *
-get_default_action(WarningsState *st)
+get_default_action(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     PyObject *default_action;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(defaultaction);
 
-    default_action = get_warnings_attr(&PyId_defaultaction, 0);
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
+    if (st == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    default_action = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, defaultaction, 0);
     if (default_action == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return NULL;
@@ -279,19 +292,19 @@ get_default_action(WarningsState *st)
 
 /* The item is a new reference. */
 static PyObject*
-get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
+get_filter(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *category,
+           PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
            PyObject *module, PyObject **item)
 {
     PyObject *action;
     Py_ssize_t i;
     PyObject *warnings_filters;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(filters);
-    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state();
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
     if (st == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    warnings_filters = get_warnings_attr(&PyId_filters, 0);
+    warnings_filters = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, filters, 0);
     if (warnings_filters == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred())
             return NULL;
@@ -336,13 +349,13 @@ get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
             return NULL;
         }
 
-        good_msg = check_matched(msg, text);
+        good_msg = check_matched(interp, msg, text);
         if (good_msg == -1) {
             Py_DECREF(tmp_item);
             return NULL;
         }
 
-        good_mod = check_matched(mod, module);
+        good_mod = check_matched(interp, mod, module);
         if (good_mod == -1) {
             Py_DECREF(tmp_item);
             return NULL;
@@ -368,7 +381,7 @@ get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
         Py_DECREF(tmp_item);
     }
 
-    action = get_default_action(st);
+    action = get_default_action(interp);
     if (action != NULL) {
         Py_INCREF(Py_None);
         *item = Py_None;
@@ -380,19 +393,19 @@ get_filter(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, Py_ssize_t lineno,
 
 
 static int
-already_warned(PyObject *registry, PyObject *key, int should_set)
+already_warned(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *registry, PyObject *key,
+               int should_set)
 {
     PyObject *version_obj, *already_warned;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(version);
 
     if (key == NULL)
         return -1;
 
-    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state();
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
     if (st == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
-    version_obj = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(registry, &PyId_version);
+    version_obj = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(registry, &_Py_ID(version));
     if (version_obj == NULL
         || !PyLong_CheckExact(version_obj)
         || PyLong_AsLong(version_obj) != st->filters_version)
@@ -404,7 +417,7 @@ already_warned(PyObject *registry, PyObject *key, int should_set)
         version_obj = PyLong_FromLong(st->filters_version);
         if (version_obj == NULL)
             return -1;
-        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(registry, &PyId_version, version_obj) < 0) {
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(registry, &_Py_ID(version), version_obj) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(version_obj);
             return -1;
         }
@@ -463,8 +476,8 @@ normalize_module(PyObject *filename)
 }
 
 static int
-update_registry(PyObject *registry, PyObject *text, PyObject *category,
-                int add_zero)
+update_registry(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *registry, PyObject *text,
+                PyObject *category, int add_zero)
 {
     PyObject *altkey;
     int rc;
@@ -474,14 +487,14 @@ update_registry(PyObject *registry, PyObject *text, PyObject *category,
     else
         altkey = PyTuple_Pack(2, text, category);
 
-    rc = already_warned(registry, altkey, 1);
+    rc = already_warned(interp, registry, altkey, 1);
     Py_XDECREF(altkey);
     return rc;
 }
 
 static void
-show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text,
-             PyObject *category, PyObject *sourceline)
+show_warning(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *filename, int lineno,
+             PyObject *text, PyObject *category, PyObject *sourceline)
 {
     PyObject *f_stderr;
     PyObject *name;
@@ -489,12 +502,12 @@ show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text,
 
     PyOS_snprintf(lineno_str, sizeof(lineno_str), ":%d: ", lineno);
 
-    name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(category, &PyId___name__);
+    name = PyObject_GetAttr(category, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (name == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
 
-    f_stderr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    f_stderr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (f_stderr == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
         goto error;
@@ -553,22 +566,22 @@ show_warning(PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *text,
 }
 
 static int
-call_show_warning(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, PyObject *message,
+call_show_warning(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *category,
+                  PyObject *text, PyObject *message,
                   PyObject *filename, int lineno, PyObject *lineno_obj,
                   PyObject *sourceline, PyObject *source)
 {
     PyObject *show_fn, *msg, *res, *warnmsg_cls = NULL;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_showwarnmsg);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(WarningMessage);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
 
     /* If the source parameter is set, try to get the Python implementation.
        The Python implementation is able to log the traceback where the source
        was allocated, whereas the C implementation doesn't. */
-    show_fn = get_warnings_attr(&PyId__showwarnmsg, source != NULL);
+    show_fn = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, _showwarnmsg, source != NULL);
     if (show_fn == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred())
             return -1;
-        show_warning(filename, lineno, text, category, sourceline);
+        show_warning(tstate, filename, lineno, text, category, sourceline);
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -578,7 +591,7 @@ call_show_warning(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, PyObject *message,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    warnmsg_cls = get_warnings_attr(&PyId_WarningMessage, 0);
+    warnmsg_cls = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, WarningMessage, 0);
     if (warnmsg_cls == NULL) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred()) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
@@ -610,7 +623,7 @@ call_show_warning(PyObject *category, PyObject *text, PyObject *message,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
+warn_explicit(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
               PyObject *filename, int lineno,
               PyObject *module, PyObject *registry, PyObject *sourceline,
               PyObject *source)
@@ -619,6 +632,7 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
     PyObject *item = NULL;
     PyObject *action;
     int rc;
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
 
     /* module can be None if a warning is emitted late during Python shutdown.
        In this case, the Python warnings module was probably unloaded, filters
@@ -674,7 +688,7 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
         goto cleanup;
 
     if ((registry != NULL) && (registry != Py_None)) {
-        rc = already_warned(registry, key, 0);
+        rc = already_warned(interp, registry, key, 0);
         if (rc == -1)
             goto cleanup;
         else if (rc == 1)
@@ -682,7 +696,7 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
         /* Else this warning hasn't been generated before. */
     }
 
-    action = get_filter(category, text, lineno, module, &item);
+    action = get_filter(interp, category, text, lineno, module, &item);
     if (action == NULL)
         goto cleanup;
 
@@ -707,21 +721,17 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
 
         if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "once")) {
             if (registry == NULL || registry == Py_None) {
-                WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state();
-                if (st == NULL) {
-                    goto cleanup;
-                }
-                registry = get_once_registry(st);
+                registry = get_once_registry(interp);
                 if (registry == NULL)
                     goto cleanup;
             }
             /* WarningsState.once_registry[(text, category)] = 1 */
-            rc = update_registry(registry, text, category, 0);
+            rc = update_registry(interp, registry, text, category, 0);
         }
         else if (_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "module")) {
             /* registry[(text, category, 0)] = 1 */
             if (registry != NULL && registry != Py_None)
-                rc = update_registry(registry, text, category, 0);
+                rc = update_registry(interp, registry, text, category, 0);
         }
         else if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(action, "default")) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
@@ -734,8 +744,8 @@ warn_explicit(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
     if (rc == 1)  /* Already warned for this module. */
         goto return_none;
     if (rc == 0) {
-        if (call_show_warning(category, text, message, filename, lineno,
-                              lineno_obj, sourceline, source) < 0)
+        if (call_show_warning(tstate, category, text, message, filename,
+                              lineno, lineno_obj, sourceline, source) < 0)
             goto cleanup;
     }
     else /* if (rc == -1) */
@@ -827,11 +837,14 @@ static int
 setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
               PyObject **module, PyObject **registry)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__warningregistry__);
     PyObject *globals;
 
     /* Setup globals, filename and lineno. */
-    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyThreadState *tstate = get_current_tstate();
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
     PyFrameObject *f = PyThreadState_GetFrame(tstate);
     // Stack level comparisons to Python code is off by one as there is no
     // warnings-related stack level to avoid.
@@ -849,7 +862,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
     }
 
     if (f == NULL) {
-        globals = tstate->interp->sysdict;
+        globals = interp->sysdict;
         *filename = PyUnicode_FromString("sys");
         *lineno = 1;
     }
@@ -866,7 +879,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
     /* Setup registry. */
     assert(globals != NULL);
     assert(PyDict_Check(globals));
-    *registry = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___warningregistry__);
+    *registry = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__warningregistry__));
     if (*registry == NULL) {
         int rc;
 
@@ -877,7 +890,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
         if (*registry == NULL)
             goto handle_error;
 
-         rc = _PyDict_SetItemId(globals, &PyId___warningregistry__, *registry);
+         rc = PyDict_SetItem(globals, &_Py_ID(__warningregistry__), *registry);
          if (rc < 0)
             goto handle_error;
     }
@@ -885,7 +898,7 @@ setup_context(Py_ssize_t stack_level, PyObject **filename, int *lineno,
         Py_INCREF(*registry);
 
     /* Setup module. */
-    *module = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___name__);
+    *module = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (*module == Py_None || (*module != NULL && PyUnicode_Check(*module))) {
         Py_INCREF(*module);
     }
@@ -943,10 +956,15 @@ do_warn(PyObject *message, PyObject *category, Py_ssize_t stack_level,
     PyObject *filename, *module, *registry, *res;
     int lineno;
 
+    PyThreadState *tstate = get_current_tstate();
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     if (!setup_context(stack_level, &filename, &lineno, &module, &registry))
         return NULL;
 
-    res = warn_explicit(category, message, filename, lineno, module, registry,
+    res = warn_explicit(tstate, category, message, filename, lineno, module, registry,
                         NULL, source);
     Py_DECREF(filename);
     Py_DECREF(registry);
@@ -977,10 +995,8 @@ warnings_warn_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *message, PyObject *category,
 }
 
 static PyObject *
-get_source_line(PyObject *module_globals, int lineno)
+get_source_line(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *module_globals, int lineno)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(get_source);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__loader__);
     PyObject *loader;
     PyObject *module_name;
     PyObject *get_source;
@@ -989,12 +1005,12 @@ get_source_line(PyObject *module_globals, int lineno)
     PyObject *source_line;
 
     /* Check/get the requisite pieces needed for the loader. */
-    loader = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(module_globals, &PyId___loader__);
+    loader = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(module_globals, &_Py_ID(__loader__));
     if (loader == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
     Py_INCREF(loader);
-    module_name = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(module_globals, &PyId___name__);
+    module_name = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(module_globals, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (!module_name) {
         Py_DECREF(loader);
         return NULL;
@@ -1002,7 +1018,7 @@ get_source_line(PyObject *module_globals, int lineno)
     Py_INCREF(module_name);
 
     /* Make sure the loader implements the optional get_source() method. */
-    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttrId(loader, &PyId_get_source, &get_source);
+    (void)_PyObject_LookupAttr(loader, &_Py_ID(get_source), &get_source);
     Py_DECREF(loader);
     if (!get_source) {
         Py_DECREF(module_name);
@@ -1056,6 +1072,11 @@ warnings_warn_explicit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
                 &registry, &module_globals, &sourceobj))
         return NULL;
 
+    PyThreadState *tstate = get_current_tstate();
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
     if (module_globals && module_globals != Py_None) {
         if (!PyDict_Check(module_globals)) {
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -1064,12 +1085,12 @@ warnings_warn_explicit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
             return NULL;
         }
 
-        source_line = get_source_line(module_globals, lineno);
+        source_line = get_source_line(tstate->interp, module_globals, lineno);
         if (source_line == NULL && PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-    returned = warn_explicit(category, message, filename, lineno, module,
+    returned = warn_explicit(tstate, category, message, filename, lineno, module,
                              registry, source_line, sourceobj);
     Py_XDECREF(source_line);
     return returned;
@@ -1078,7 +1099,11 @@ warnings_warn_explicit(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
 static PyObject *
 warnings_filters_mutated(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
-    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state();
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = get_current_interp();
+    if (interp == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
     if (st == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -1208,7 +1233,11 @@ PyErr_WarnExplicitObject(PyObject *category, PyObject *message,
     PyObject *res;
     if (category == NULL)
         category = PyExc_RuntimeWarning;
-    res = warn_explicit(category, message, filename, lineno,
+    PyThreadState *tstate = get_current_tstate();
+    if (tstate == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    res = warn_explicit(tstate, category, message, filename, lineno,
                         module, registry, NULL, NULL);
     if (res == NULL)
         return -1;
@@ -1272,12 +1301,15 @@ PyErr_WarnExplicitFormat(PyObject *category,
     message = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, vargs);
     if (message != NULL) {
         PyObject *res;
-        res = warn_explicit(category, message, filename, lineno,
-                            module, registry, NULL, NULL);
-        Py_DECREF(message);
-        if (res != NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(res);
-            ret = 0;
+        PyThreadState *tstate = get_current_tstate();
+        if (tstate != NULL) {
+            res = warn_explicit(tstate, category, message, filename, lineno,
+                                module, registry, NULL, NULL);
+            Py_DECREF(message);
+            if (res != NULL) {
+                Py_DECREF(res);
+                ret = 0;
+            }
         }
     }
     va_end(vargs);
@@ -1309,9 +1341,10 @@ _PyErr_WarnUnawaitedCoroutine(PyObject *coro)
        Since this is called from __del__ context, it's careful to never raise
        an exception.
     */
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_warn_unawaited_coroutine);
     int warned = 0;
-    PyObject *fn = get_warnings_attr(&PyId__warn_unawaited_coroutine, 1);
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    assert(interp != NULL);
+    PyObject *fn = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR(interp, _warn_unawaited_coroutine, 1);
     if (fn) {
         PyObject *res = PyObject_CallOneArg(fn, coro);
         Py_DECREF(fn);
@@ -1352,7 +1385,11 @@ static PyMethodDef warnings_functions[] = {
 static int
 warnings_module_exec(PyObject *module)
 {
-    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state();
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = get_current_interp();
+    if (interp == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    WarningsState *st = warnings_get_state(interp);
     if (st == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
diff --git a/Python/ast_opt.c b/Python/ast_opt.c
index 967e75d5771c5..2911370649790 100644
--- a/Python/ast_opt.c
+++ b/Python/ast_opt.c
@@ -268,15 +268,8 @@ parse_literal(PyObject *fmt, Py_ssize_t *ppos, PyArena *arena)
     PyObject *str = PyUnicode_Substring(fmt, start, pos);
     /* str = str.replace('%%', '%') */
     if (str && has_percents) {
-        _Py_static_string(PyId_double_percent, "%%");
-        _Py_static_string(PyId_percent, "%");
-        PyObject *double_percent = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_double_percent);
-        PyObject *percent = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_percent);
-        if (!double_percent || !percent) {
-            Py_DECREF(str);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        Py_SETREF(str, PyUnicode_Replace(str, double_percent, percent, -1));
+        Py_SETREF(str, PyUnicode_Replace(str, &_Py_STR(dbl_percent),
+                                         &_Py_STR(percent), -1));
     }
     if (!str) {
         return NULL;
diff --git a/Python/bltinmodule.c b/Python/bltinmodule.c
index ed612091d8394..b253f88a04bae 100644
--- a/Python/bltinmodule.c
+++ b/Python/bltinmodule.c
@@ -11,21 +11,6 @@
 #include "pycore_tuple.h"         // _PyTuple_FromArray()
 #include "pycore_ceval.h"         // _PyEval_Vector()
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__builtins__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__prepare__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__round__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__mro_entries__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(encoding);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(errors);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(fileno);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(metaclass);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(sort);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-
 #include "clinic/bltinmodule.c.h"
 
 static PyObject*
@@ -47,7 +32,7 @@ update_bases(PyObject *bases, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs)
             }
             continue;
         }
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(base, &PyId___mro_entries__, &meth) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(base, &_Py_ID(__mro_entries__), &meth) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
         if (!meth) {
@@ -148,10 +133,10 @@ builtin___build_class__(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
             goto error;
         }
 
-        meta = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(mkw, &PyId_metaclass);
+        meta = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(mkw, &_Py_ID(metaclass));
         if (meta != NULL) {
             Py_INCREF(meta);
-            if (_PyDict_DelItemId(mkw, &PyId_metaclass) < 0) {
+            if (PyDict_DelItem(mkw, &_Py_ID(metaclass)) < 0) {
                 goto error;
             }
             /* metaclass is explicitly given, check if it's indeed a class */
@@ -191,7 +176,7 @@ builtin___build_class__(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs,
     }
     /* else: meta is not a class, so we cannot do the metaclass
        calculation, so we will use the explicitly given object as it is */
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(meta, &PyId___prepare__, &prep) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(meta, &_Py_ID(__prepare__), &prep) < 0) {
         ns = NULL;
     }
     else if (prep == NULL) {
@@ -946,10 +931,9 @@ builtin_eval_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *globals,
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(globals, &PyId___builtins__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
     if (r == 0) {
-        r = _PyDict_SetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__,
-                              PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+        r = PyDict_SetItem(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__), PyEval_GetBuiltins());
     }
     if (r < 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1034,10 +1018,9 @@ builtin_exec_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *source, PyObject *globals,
             Py_TYPE(locals)->tp_name);
         return NULL;
     }
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(globals, &PyId___builtins__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
     if (r == 0) {
-        r = _PyDict_SetItemId(globals, &PyId___builtins__,
-                              PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+        r = PyDict_SetItem(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__), PyEval_GetBuiltins());
     }
     if (r < 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1960,7 +1943,8 @@ builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep,
     int i, err;
 
     if (file == Py_None) {
-        file = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout);
+        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+        file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
         if (file == NULL) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout");
             return NULL;
@@ -2020,7 +2004,7 @@ builtin_print_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *args, PyObject *sep,
     }
 
     if (flush) {
-        PyObject *tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_flush);
+        PyObject *tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (tmp == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -2050,9 +2034,13 @@ static PyObject *
 builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=83db5a191e7a0d60 input=5e8bb70c2908fe3c]*/
 {
-    PyObject *fin = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdin);
-    PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout);
-    PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *fin = _PySys_GetAttr(
+        tstate, &_Py_ID(stdin));
+    PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetAttr(
+        tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
+    PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetAttr(
+        tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     PyObject *tmp;
     long fd;
     int tty;
@@ -2079,7 +2067,7 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
     }
 
     /* First of all, flush stderr */
-    tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(ferr, &PyId_flush);
+    tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(ferr, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (tmp == NULL)
         PyErr_Clear();
     else
@@ -2088,7 +2076,7 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
     /* We should only use (GNU) readline if Python's sys.stdin and
        sys.stdout are the same as C's stdin and stdout, because we
        need to pass it those. */
-    tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fin, &PyId_fileno);
+    tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fin, &_Py_ID(fileno));
     if (tmp == NULL) {
         PyErr_Clear();
         tty = 0;
@@ -2101,7 +2089,7 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
         tty = fd == fileno(stdin) && isatty(fd);
     }
     if (tty) {
-        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fout, &PyId_fileno);
+        tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fout, &_Py_ID(fileno));
         if (tmp == NULL) {
             PyErr_Clear();
             tty = 0;
@@ -2127,8 +2115,8 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
         size_t len;
 
         /* stdin is a text stream, so it must have an encoding. */
-        stdin_encoding = _PyObject_GetAttrId(fin, &PyId_encoding);
-        stdin_errors = _PyObject_GetAttrId(fin, &PyId_errors);
+        stdin_encoding = PyObject_GetAttr(fin, &_Py_ID(encoding));
+        stdin_errors = PyObject_GetAttr(fin, &_Py_ID(errors));
         if (!stdin_encoding || !stdin_errors ||
                 !PyUnicode_Check(stdin_encoding) ||
                 !PyUnicode_Check(stdin_errors)) {
@@ -2139,7 +2127,7 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
         stdin_errors_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(stdin_errors);
         if (!stdin_encoding_str || !stdin_errors_str)
             goto _readline_errors;
-        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fout, &PyId_flush);
+        tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fout, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (tmp == NULL)
             PyErr_Clear();
         else
@@ -2148,8 +2136,8 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
             /* We have a prompt, encode it as stdout would */
             const char *stdout_encoding_str, *stdout_errors_str;
             PyObject *stringpo;
-            stdout_encoding = _PyObject_GetAttrId(fout, &PyId_encoding);
-            stdout_errors = _PyObject_GetAttrId(fout, &PyId_errors);
+            stdout_encoding = PyObject_GetAttr(fout, &_Py_ID(encoding));
+            stdout_errors = PyObject_GetAttr(fout, &_Py_ID(errors));
             if (!stdout_encoding || !stdout_errors ||
                     !PyUnicode_Check(stdout_encoding) ||
                     !PyUnicode_Check(stdout_errors)) {
@@ -2234,7 +2222,7 @@ builtin_input_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *prompt)
         if (PyFile_WriteObject(prompt, fout, Py_PRINT_RAW) != 0)
             return NULL;
     }
-    tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fout, &PyId_flush);
+    tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fout, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (tmp == NULL)
         PyErr_Clear();
     else
@@ -2285,7 +2273,7 @@ builtin_round_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *number, PyObject *ndigits)
             return NULL;
     }
 
-    round = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(number, &PyId___round__);
+    round = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(number, &_Py_ID(__round__));
     if (round == NULL) {
         if (!PyErr_Occurred())
             PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -2346,7 +2334,7 @@ builtin_sorted(PyObject *self, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject
     if (newlist == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    callable = _PyObject_GetAttrId(newlist, &PyId_sort);
+    callable = PyObject_GetAttr(newlist, &_Py_ID(sort));
     if (callable == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(newlist);
         return NULL;
@@ -2378,7 +2366,7 @@ builtin_vars(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
         Py_XINCREF(d);
     }
     else {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId___dict__, &d) == 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &d) == 0) {
             PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
                 "vars() argument must have __dict__ attribute");
         }
diff --git a/Python/ceval.c b/Python/ceval.c
index dcceee582a4e6..02e4e7b9e4d54 100644
--- a/Python/ceval.c
+++ b/Python/ceval.c
@@ -48,8 +48,6 @@
 #  error "ceval.c must be build with Py_BUILD_CORE define for best performance"
 #endif
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-
 /* Forward declarations */
 static PyObject *trace_call_function(
     PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *callable, PyObject **stack,
@@ -864,18 +862,12 @@ match_keys(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *map, PyObject *keys)
     PyObject *seen = NULL;
     PyObject *dummy = NULL;
     PyObject *values = NULL;
-    PyObject *get_name = NULL;
     PyObject *get = NULL;
     // We use the two argument form of map.get(key, default) for two reasons:
     // - Atomically check for a key and get its value without error handling.
     // - Don't cause key creation or resizing in dict subclasses like
     //   collections.defaultdict that define __missing__ (or similar).
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(get);
-    get_name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_get); // borrowed
-    if (get_name == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    int meth_found = _PyObject_GetMethod(map, get_name, &get);
+    int meth_found = _PyObject_GetMethod(map, &_Py_ID(get), &get);
     if (get == NULL) {
         goto fail;
     }
@@ -1692,9 +1684,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
     SET_LOCALS_FROM_FRAME();
 
 #ifdef LLTRACE
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__ltrace__);
     {
-        int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(GLOBALS(), &PyId___ltrace__);
+        int r = PyDict_Contains(GLOBALS(), &_Py_ID(__ltrace__));
         if (r < 0) {
             goto exit_unwind;
         }
@@ -2330,9 +2321,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(PRINT_EXPR) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(displayhook);
             PyObject *value = POP();
-            PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_displayhook);
+            PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(displayhook));
             PyObject *res;
             if (hook == NULL) {
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
@@ -2537,12 +2527,11 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
             if (tstate->c_tracefunc == NULL) {
                 gen_status = PyIter_Send(receiver, v, &retval);
             } else {
-                _Py_IDENTIFIER(send);
                 if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
                     retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
                 }
                 else {
-                    retval = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(receiver, &PyId_send, v);
+                    retval = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver, &_Py_ID(send), v);
                 }
                 if (retval == NULL) {
                     if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL
@@ -2675,11 +2664,10 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__build_class__);
-
             PyObject *bc;
             if (PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS())) {
-                bc = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(BUILTINS(), &PyId___build_class__);
+                bc = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(BUILTINS(),
+                                              &_Py_ID(__build_class__));
                 if (bc == NULL) {
                     if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                         _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
@@ -2690,10 +2678,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
                 Py_INCREF(bc);
             }
             else {
-                PyObject *build_class_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___build_class__);
-                if (build_class_str == NULL)
-                    goto error;
-                bc = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), build_class_str);
+                bc = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__));
                 if (bc == NULL) {
                     if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError))
                         _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
@@ -3252,7 +3237,6 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__annotations__);
             int err;
             PyObject *ann_dict;
             if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
@@ -3262,8 +3246,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
             }
             /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
             if (PyDict_CheckExact(LOCALS())) {
-                ann_dict = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(LOCALS(),
-                                             &PyId___annotations__);
+                ann_dict = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(LOCALS(),
+                                                    &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
                 if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                     if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                         goto error;
@@ -3273,8 +3257,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
                     if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                         goto error;
                     }
-                    err = _PyDict_SetItemId(LOCALS(),
-                                            &PyId___annotations__, ann_dict);
+                    err = PyDict_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
+                                         ann_dict);
                     Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                     if (err != 0) {
                         goto error;
@@ -3283,11 +3267,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
             }
             else {
                 /* do the same if locals() is not a dict */
-                PyObject *ann_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___annotations__);
-                if (ann_str == NULL) {
-                    goto error;
-                }
-                ann_dict = PyObject_GetItem(LOCALS(), ann_str);
+                ann_dict = PyObject_GetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
                 if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                     if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
                         goto error;
@@ -3297,7 +3277,8 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
                     if (ann_dict == NULL) {
                         goto error;
                     }
-                    err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), ann_str, ann_dict);
+                    err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
+                                           ann_dict);
                     Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
                     if (err != 0) {
                         goto error;
@@ -4203,11 +4184,9 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__aenter__);
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__aexit__);
             PyObject *mgr = TOP();
             PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___aenter__);
+            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aenter__));
             if (enter == NULL) {
                 if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -4217,7 +4196,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
                 }
                 goto error;
             }
-            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___aexit__);
+            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aexit__));
             if (exit == NULL) {
                 if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -4241,11 +4220,9 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
         }
 
         TARGET(BEFORE_WITH) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__enter__);
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__exit__);
             PyObject *mgr = TOP();
             PyObject *res;
-            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___enter__);
+            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__enter__));
             if (enter == NULL) {
                 if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -4255,7 +4232,7 @@ _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame, int thr
                 }
                 goto error;
             }
-            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &PyId___exit__);
+            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__exit__));
             if (exit == NULL) {
                 if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                     _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -6793,19 +6770,25 @@ PyEval_GetBuiltins(void)
 
 /* Convenience function to get a builtin from its name */
 PyObject *
-_PyEval_GetBuiltinId(_Py_Identifier *name)
+_PyEval_GetBuiltin(PyObject *name)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    PyObject *attr = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(PyEval_GetBuiltins(), name);
+    PyObject *attr = PyDict_GetItemWithError(PyEval_GetBuiltins(), name);
     if (attr) {
         Py_INCREF(attr);
     }
     else if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
-        _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError, _PyUnicode_FromId(name));
+        _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError, name);
     }
     return attr;
 }
 
+PyObject *
+_PyEval_GetBuiltinId(_Py_Identifier *name)
+{
+    return _PyEval_GetBuiltin(_PyUnicode_FromId(name));
+}
+
 PyObject *
 PyEval_GetLocals(void)
 {
@@ -7047,11 +7030,10 @@ static PyObject *
 import_name(PyThreadState *tstate, InterpreterFrame *frame,
             PyObject *name, PyObject *fromlist, PyObject *level)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__import__);
     PyObject *import_func, *res;
     PyObject* stack[5];
 
-    import_func = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(frame->f_builtins, &PyId___import__);
+    import_func = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(frame->f_builtins, &_Py_ID(__import__));
     if (import_func == NULL) {
         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
             _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_ImportError, "__import__ not found");
@@ -7098,7 +7080,7 @@ import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
     /* Issue #17636: in case this failed because of a circular relative
        import, try to fallback on reading the module directly from
        sys.modules. */
-    pkgname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___name__);
+    pkgname = PyObject_GetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__name__));
     if (pkgname == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -7140,8 +7122,7 @@ import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
         PyErr_SetImportError(errmsg, pkgname, NULL);
     }
     else {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__spec__);
-        PyObject *spec = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___spec__);
+        PyObject *spec = PyObject_GetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__spec__));
         const char *fmt =
             _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec) ?
             "cannot import name %R from partially initialized module %R "
@@ -7163,17 +7144,15 @@ import_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *v, PyObject *name)
 static int
 import_all_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *locals, PyObject *v)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__all__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__dict__);
     PyObject *all, *dict, *name, *value;
     int skip_leading_underscores = 0;
     int pos, err;
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId___all__, &all) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__all__), &all) < 0) {
         return -1; /* Unexpected error */
     }
     if (all == NULL) {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId___dict__, &dict) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__dict__), &dict) < 0) {
             return -1;
         }
         if (dict == NULL) {
@@ -7200,7 +7179,7 @@ import_all_from(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *locals, PyObject *v)
             break;
         }
         if (!PyUnicode_Check(name)) {
-            PyObject *modname = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId___name__);
+            PyObject *modname = PyObject_GetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(__name__));
             if (modname == NULL) {
                 Py_DECREF(name);
                 err = -1;
@@ -7400,14 +7379,13 @@ format_exc_check_arg(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc,
 
     if (exc == PyExc_NameError) {
         // Include the name in the NameError exceptions to offer suggestions later.
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
         PyObject *type, *value, *traceback;
         PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
         PyErr_NormalizeException(&type, &value, &traceback);
         if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(value, PyExc_NameError)) {
             // We do not care if this fails because we are going to restore the
             // NameError anyway.
-            (void)_PyObject_SetAttrId(value, &PyId_name, obj);
+            (void)PyObject_SetAttr(value, &_Py_ID(name), obj);
         }
         PyErr_Restore(type, value, traceback);
     }
diff --git a/Python/codecs.c b/Python/codecs.c
index 343b6e2d03396..33965f885f706 100644
--- a/Python/codecs.c
+++ b/Python/codecs.c
@@ -522,7 +522,6 @@ PyObject *PyCodec_Decode(PyObject *object,
 PyObject * _PyCodec_LookupTextEncoding(const char *encoding,
                                        const char *alternate_command)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_is_text_encoding);
     PyObject *codec;
     PyObject *attr;
     int is_text_codec;
@@ -536,7 +535,7 @@ PyObject * _PyCodec_LookupTextEncoding(const char *encoding,
      * attribute.
      */
     if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(codec)) {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(codec, &PyId__is_text_encoding, &attr) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(codec, &_Py_ID(_is_text_encoding), &attr) < 0) {
             Py_DECREF(codec);
             return NULL;
         }
diff --git a/Python/compile.c b/Python/compile.c
index 3f33f306bc571..5f9bcf1dfd962 100644
--- a/Python/compile.c
+++ b/Python/compile.c
@@ -632,11 +632,9 @@ compiler_unit_free(struct compiler_unit *u)
 static int
 compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(dot, ".");
-    _Py_static_string(dot_locals, ".<locals>");
     Py_ssize_t stack_size;
     struct compiler_unit *u = c->u;
-    PyObject *name, *base, *dot_str, *dot_locals_str;
+    PyObject *name, *base;
 
     base = NULL;
     stack_size = PyList_GET_SIZE(c->c_stack);
@@ -667,11 +665,10 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
         if (!force_global) {
             if (parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_FUNCTION
                 || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_ASYNC_FUNCTION
-                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA) {
-                dot_locals_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&dot_locals);
-                if (dot_locals_str == NULL)
-                    return 0;
-                base = PyUnicode_Concat(parent->u_qualname, dot_locals_str);
+                || parent->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA)
+            {
+                base = PyUnicode_Concat(parent->u_qualname,
+                                        &_Py_STR(dot_locals));
                 if (base == NULL)
                     return 0;
             }
@@ -683,12 +680,7 @@ compiler_set_qualname(struct compiler *c)
     }
 
     if (base != NULL) {
-        dot_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&dot);
-        if (dot_str == NULL) {
-            Py_DECREF(base);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        name = PyUnicode_Concat(base, dot_str);
+        name = PyUnicode_Concat(base, &_Py_STR(dot));
         Py_DECREF(base);
         if (name == NULL)
             return 0;
@@ -1603,17 +1595,11 @@ compiler_enter_scope(struct compiler *c, identifier name,
     }
     if (u->u_ste->ste_needs_class_closure) {
         /* Cook up an implicit __class__ cell. */
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(__class__);
-        PyObject *name;
         int res;
         assert(u->u_scope_type == COMPILER_SCOPE_CLASS);
         assert(PyDict_GET_SIZE(u->u_cellvars) == 0);
-        name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___class__);
-        if (!name) {
-            compiler_unit_free(u);
-            return 0;
-        }
-        res = PyDict_SetItem(u->u_cellvars, name, _PyLong_GetZero());
+        res = PyDict_SetItem(u->u_cellvars, &_Py_ID(__class__),
+                             _PyLong_GetZero());
         if (res < 0) {
             compiler_unit_free(u);
             return 0;
@@ -1998,11 +1984,6 @@ compiler_body(struct compiler *c, asdl_stmt_seq *stmts)
     int i = 0;
     stmt_ty st;
     PyObject *docstring;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__doc__);
-    PyObject *__doc__ = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___doc__);  /* borrowed ref*/
-    if (__doc__ == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
 
     /* Set current line number to the line number of first statement.
        This way line number for SETUP_ANNOTATIONS will always
@@ -2027,7 +2008,7 @@ compiler_body(struct compiler *c, asdl_stmt_seq *stmts)
             assert(st->kind == Expr_kind);
             VISIT(c, expr, st->v.Expr.value);
             UNSET_LOC(c);
-            if (!compiler_nameop(c, __doc__, Store))
+            if (!compiler_nameop(c, &_Py_ID(__doc__), Store))
                 return 0;
         }
     }
@@ -2041,12 +2022,8 @@ compiler_mod(struct compiler *c, mod_ty mod)
 {
     PyCodeObject *co;
     int addNone = 1;
-    _Py_static_string(PyId__module, "<module>");
-    PyObject *module = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId__module); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (module == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (!compiler_enter_scope(c, module, COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE, mod, 1)) {
+    if (!compiler_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_module), COMPILER_SCOPE_MODULE,
+                              mod, 1)) {
         return NULL;
     }
     c->u->u_lineno = 1;
@@ -2324,7 +2301,6 @@ compiler_visit_annotations(struct compiler *c, arguments_ty args,
 
        Return 0 on error, -1 if no annotations pushed, 1 if a annotations is pushed.
        */
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(return);
     Py_ssize_t annotations_len = 0;
 
     if (!compiler_visit_argannotations(c, args->args, &annotations_len))
@@ -2342,11 +2318,8 @@ compiler_visit_annotations(struct compiler *c, arguments_ty args,
                                      args->kwarg->annotation, &annotations_len))
         return 0;
 
-    identifier return_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_return); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (return_str == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (!compiler_visit_argannotation(c, return_str, returns, &annotations_len)) {
+    if (!compiler_visit_argannotation(c, &_Py_ID(return), returns,
+                                      &annotations_len)) {
         return 0;
     }
 
@@ -2891,7 +2864,6 @@ compiler_lambda(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
     PyCodeObject *co;
     PyObject *qualname;
-    identifier name;
     Py_ssize_t funcflags;
     arguments_ty args = e->v.Lambda.args;
     assert(e->kind == Lambda_kind);
@@ -2899,18 +2871,12 @@ compiler_lambda(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
     if (!compiler_check_debug_args(c, args))
         return 0;
 
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_lambda, "<lambda>");
-    name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_lambda); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
     funcflags = compiler_default_arguments(c, args);
     if (funcflags == -1) {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (!compiler_enter_scope(c, name, COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
+    if (!compiler_enter_scope(c, &_Py_STR(anon_lambda), COMPILER_SCOPE_LAMBDA,
                               (void *)e, e->lineno)) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -3809,12 +3775,6 @@ compiler_from_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 {
     Py_ssize_t i, n = asdl_seq_LEN(s->v.ImportFrom.names);
     PyObject *names;
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_empty_string, "");
-    PyObject *empty_string = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_empty_string); /* borrowed ref */
-
-    if (empty_string == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
 
     ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, PyLong_FromLong(s->v.ImportFrom.level));
 
@@ -3841,7 +3801,7 @@ compiler_from_import(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
         ADDOP_NAME(c, IMPORT_NAME, s->v.ImportFrom.module, names);
     }
     else {
-        ADDOP_NAME(c, IMPORT_NAME, empty_string, names);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, IMPORT_NAME, &_Py_STR(empty), names);
     }
     for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         alias_ty alias = (alias_ty)asdl_seq_GET(s->v.ImportFrom.names, i);
@@ -5389,13 +5349,8 @@ compiler_comprehension(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e, int type,
 static int
 compiler_genexp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_genexpr, "<genexpr>");
-    identifier name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_genexpr); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
     assert(e->kind == GeneratorExp_kind);
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_GENEXP, name,
+    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_GENEXP, &_Py_STR(anon_genexpr),
                                   e->v.GeneratorExp.generators,
                                   e->v.GeneratorExp.elt, NULL);
 }
@@ -5403,13 +5358,8 @@ compiler_genexp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 static int
 compiler_listcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_listcomp, "<listcomp>");
-    identifier name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_listcomp); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
     assert(e->kind == ListComp_kind);
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_LISTCOMP, name,
+    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_LISTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_listcomp),
                                   e->v.ListComp.generators,
                                   e->v.ListComp.elt, NULL);
 }
@@ -5417,13 +5367,8 @@ compiler_listcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 static int
 compiler_setcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_setcomp, "<setcomp>");
-    identifier name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_setcomp); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
     assert(e->kind == SetComp_kind);
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_SETCOMP, name,
+    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_SETCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_setcomp),
                                   e->v.SetComp.generators,
                                   e->v.SetComp.elt, NULL);
 }
@@ -5432,13 +5377,8 @@ compiler_setcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 static int
 compiler_dictcomp(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
 {
-    _Py_static_string(PyId_dictcomp, "<dictcomp>");
-    identifier name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_dictcomp); /* borrowed ref */
-    if (name == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
     assert(e->kind == DictComp_kind);
-    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_DICTCOMP, name,
+    return compiler_comprehension(c, e, COMP_DICTCOMP, &_Py_STR(anon_dictcomp),
                                   e->v.DictComp.generators,
                                   e->v.DictComp.key, e->v.DictComp.value);
 }
@@ -5960,12 +5900,6 @@ compiler_annassign(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
 {
     expr_ty targ = s->v.AnnAssign.target;
     PyObject* mangled;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__annotations__);
-    /* borrowed ref*/
-    PyObject *__annotations__ = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___annotations__);
-    if (__annotations__ == NULL) {
-        return 0;
-    }
 
     assert(s->kind == AnnAssign_kind);
 
@@ -5988,7 +5922,7 @@ compiler_annassign(struct compiler *c, stmt_ty s)
             else {
                 VISIT(c, expr, s->v.AnnAssign.annotation);
             }
-            ADDOP_NAME(c, LOAD_NAME, __annotations__, names);
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, LOAD_NAME, &_Py_ID(__annotations__), names);
             mangled = _Py_Mangle(c->u->u_private, targ->v.Name.id);
             ADDOP_LOAD_CONST_NEW(c, mangled);
             ADDOP(c, STORE_SUBSCR);
diff --git a/Python/errors.c b/Python/errors.c
index 023234974c47d..10a06a5ae3267 100644
--- a/Python/errors.c
+++ b/Python/errors.c
@@ -28,12 +28,6 @@ extern char *strerror(int);
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__main__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-
 /* Forward declarations */
 static PyObject *
 _PyErr_FormatV(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exception,
@@ -1135,7 +1129,7 @@ PyErr_NewException(const char *name, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict)
             goto failure;
     }
 
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(dict, &PyId___module__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(dict, &_Py_ID(__module__));
     if (r < 0) {
         goto failure;
     }
@@ -1144,7 +1138,7 @@ PyErr_NewException(const char *name, PyObject *base, PyObject *dict)
                                              (Py_ssize_t)(dot-name));
         if (modulename == NULL)
             goto failure;
-        if (_PyDict_SetItemId(dict, &PyId___module__, modulename) != 0)
+        if (PyDict_SetItem(dict, &_Py_ID(__module__), modulename) != 0)
             goto failure;
     }
     if (PyTuple_Check(base)) {
@@ -1347,7 +1341,7 @@ write_unraisable_exc_file(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc_type,
 
     assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(exc_type));
 
-    PyObject *modulename = _PyObject_GetAttrId(exc_type, &PyId___module__);
+    PyObject *modulename = PyObject_GetAttr(exc_type, &_Py_ID(__module__));
     if (modulename == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(modulename)) {
         Py_XDECREF(modulename);
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
@@ -1356,8 +1350,8 @@ write_unraisable_exc_file(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc_type,
         }
     }
     else {
-        if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(modulename, &PyId_builtins) &&
-            !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(modulename, &PyId___main__)) {
+        if (!_PyUnicode_Equal(modulename, &_Py_ID(builtins)) &&
+            !_PyUnicode_Equal(modulename, &_Py_ID(__main__))) {
             if (PyFile_WriteObject(modulename, file, Py_PRINT_RAW) < 0) {
                 Py_DECREF(modulename);
                 return -1;
@@ -1405,7 +1399,7 @@ write_unraisable_exc_file(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc_type,
     }
 
     /* Explicitly call file.flush() */
-    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_flush);
+    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (!res) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1420,7 +1414,7 @@ write_unraisable_exc(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *exc_type,
                      PyObject *exc_value, PyObject *exc_tb, PyObject *err_msg,
                      PyObject *obj)
 {
-    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (file == NULL || file == Py_None) {
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1524,8 +1518,7 @@ _PyErr_WriteUnraisableMsg(const char *err_msg_str, PyObject *obj)
         goto error;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(unraisablehook);
-    PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_unraisablehook);
+    PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(unraisablehook));
     if (hook == NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(hook_args);
         goto default_hook;
@@ -1600,14 +1593,6 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
                              int end_lineno, int end_col_offset)
 {
     PyObject *exc, *v, *tb, *tmp;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(filename);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(lineno);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(end_lineno);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(msg);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(offset);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(end_offset);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(print_file_and_line);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(text);
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     /* add attributes for the line number and filename for the error */
@@ -1619,7 +1604,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
     if (tmp == NULL)
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
     else {
-        if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_lineno, tmp)) {
+        if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(lineno), tmp)) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
         Py_DECREF(tmp);
@@ -1631,7 +1616,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
     }
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_offset, tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(offset), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
     }
     Py_XDECREF(tmp);
@@ -1643,7 +1628,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
     }
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_end_lineno, tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(end_lineno), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
     }
     Py_XDECREF(tmp);
@@ -1655,20 +1640,20 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
     }
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_end_offset, tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(end_offset), tmp ? tmp : Py_None)) {
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
     }
     Py_XDECREF(tmp);
 
     tmp = NULL;
     if (filename != NULL) {
-        if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_filename, filename)) {
+        if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(filename), filename)) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
 
         tmp = PyErr_ProgramTextObject(filename, lineno);
         if (tmp) {
-            if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_text, tmp)) {
+            if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(text), tmp)) {
                 _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
             }
             Py_DECREF(tmp);
@@ -1678,7 +1663,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
         }
     }
     if (exc != PyExc_SyntaxError) {
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId_msg, &tmp) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, &_Py_ID(msg), &tmp) < 0) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
         else if (tmp) {
@@ -1687,7 +1672,7 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
         else {
             tmp = PyObject_Str(v);
             if (tmp) {
-                if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_msg, tmp)) {
+                if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(msg), tmp)) {
                     _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
                 }
                 Py_DECREF(tmp);
@@ -1696,15 +1681,15 @@ PyErr_SyntaxLocationObjectEx(PyObject *filename, int lineno, int col_offset,
                 _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
             }
         }
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(v, &PyId_print_file_and_line, &tmp) < 0) {
+
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(v, &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line), &tmp) < 0) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
         else if (tmp) {
             Py_DECREF(tmp);
         }
         else {
-            if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(v, &PyId_print_file_and_line,
-                                    Py_None)) {
+            if (PyObject_SetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line), Py_None)) {
                 _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
             }
         }
diff --git a/Python/import.c b/Python/import.c
index 332db6919f1c2..74f8e1dd4c30d 100644
--- a/Python/import.c
+++ b/Python/import.c
@@ -36,9 +36,6 @@ extern struct _inittab _PyImport_Inittab[];
 struct _inittab *PyImport_Inittab = _PyImport_Inittab;
 static struct _inittab *inittab_copy = NULL;
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__path__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__spec__);
-
 /*[clinic input]
 module _imp
 [clinic start generated code]*/
@@ -74,9 +71,7 @@ _PyImportZip_Init(PyThreadState *tstate)
         }
     }
     else {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(zipimporter);
-        PyObject *zipimporter = _PyObject_GetAttrId(zipimport,
-                                                    &PyId_zipimporter);
+        PyObject *zipimporter = PyObject_GetAttr(zipimport, &_Py_ID(zipimporter));
         Py_DECREF(zipimport);
         if (zipimporter == NULL) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate); /* No zipimporter object -- okay */
@@ -345,20 +340,18 @@ import_ensure_initialized(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *mod, PyObject *n
 {
     PyObject *spec;
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_lock_unlock_module);
-
     /* Optimization: only call _bootstrap._lock_unlock_module() if
        __spec__._initializing is true.
        NOTE: because of this, initializing must be set *before*
        stuffing the new module in sys.modules.
     */
-    spec = _PyObject_GetAttrId(mod, &PyId___spec__);
+    spec = PyObject_GetAttr(mod, &_Py_ID(__spec__));
     int busy = _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec);
     Py_XDECREF(spec);
     if (busy) {
         /* Wait until module is done importing. */
-        PyObject *value = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(
-            interp->importlib, &PyId__lock_unlock_module, name);
+        PyObject *value = _PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+            interp->importlib, &_Py_ID(_lock_unlock_module), name);
         if (value == NULL) {
             return -1;
         }
@@ -710,7 +703,6 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(const char *name, PyObject *co,
     }
     else if (cpathobj != NULL) {
         PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(_get_sourcefile);
 
         if (interp == NULL) {
             Py_FatalError("no current interpreter");
@@ -719,8 +711,8 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(const char *name, PyObject *co,
         external= PyObject_GetAttrString(interp->importlib,
                                          "_bootstrap_external");
         if (external != NULL) {
-            pathobj = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(
-                external, &PyId__get_sourcefile, cpathobj);
+            pathobj = _PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(
+                external, &_Py_ID(_get_sourcefile), cpathobj);
             Py_DECREF(external);
         }
         if (pathobj == NULL)
@@ -740,7 +732,6 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(const char *name, PyObject *co,
 static PyObject *
 module_dict_for_exec(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__builtins__);
     PyObject *m, *d;
 
     m = import_add_module(tstate, name);
@@ -749,10 +740,9 @@ module_dict_for_exec(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name)
     /* If the module is being reloaded, we get the old module back
        and re-use its dict to exec the new code. */
     d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
-    int r = _PyDict_ContainsId(d, &PyId___builtins__);
+    int r = PyDict_Contains(d, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
     if (r == 0) {
-        r = _PyDict_SetItemId(d, &PyId___builtins__,
-                              PyEval_GetBuiltins());
+        r = PyDict_SetItem(d, &_Py_ID(__builtins__), PyEval_GetBuiltins());
     }
     if (r < 0) {
         remove_module(tstate, name);
@@ -794,7 +784,6 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(PyObject *name, PyObject *co, PyObject *pathname,
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     PyObject *d, *external, *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_fix_up_module);
 
     d = module_dict_for_exec(tstate, name);
     if (d == NULL) {
@@ -810,9 +799,8 @@ PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(PyObject *name, PyObject *co, PyObject *pathname,
         Py_DECREF(d);
         return NULL;
     }
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(external,
-                                        &PyId__fix_up_module,
-                                        d, name, pathname, cpathname, NULL);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(external, &_Py_ID(_fix_up_module),
+                                     d, name, pathname, cpathname, NULL);
     Py_DECREF(external);
     if (res != NULL) {
         Py_DECREF(res);
@@ -1542,9 +1530,6 @@ remove_importlib_frames(PyThreadState *tstate)
 static PyObject *
 resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__package__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__name__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(parent);
     PyObject *abs_name;
     PyObject *package = NULL;
     PyObject *spec;
@@ -1560,14 +1545,14 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
         _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError, "globals must be a dict");
         goto error;
     }
-    package = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___package__);
+    package = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__package__));
     if (package == Py_None) {
         package = NULL;
     }
     else if (package == NULL && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         goto error;
     }
-    spec = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___spec__);
+    spec = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__spec__));
     if (spec == NULL && _PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
         goto error;
     }
@@ -1581,7 +1566,7 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
         }
         else if (spec != NULL && spec != Py_None) {
             int equal;
-            PyObject *parent = _PyObject_GetAttrId(spec, &PyId_parent);
+            PyObject *parent = PyObject_GetAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(parent));
             if (parent == NULL) {
                 goto error;
             }
@@ -1600,7 +1585,7 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
         }
     }
     else if (spec != NULL && spec != Py_None) {
-        package = _PyObject_GetAttrId(spec, &PyId_parent);
+        package = PyObject_GetAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(parent));
         if (package == NULL) {
             goto error;
         }
@@ -1617,7 +1602,7 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
             goto error;
         }
 
-        package = _PyDict_GetItemIdWithError(globals, &PyId___name__);
+        package = PyDict_GetItemWithError(globals, &_Py_ID(__name__));
         if (package == NULL) {
             if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
                 _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_KeyError,
@@ -1633,7 +1618,7 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
             goto error;
         }
 
-        int haspath = _PyDict_ContainsId(globals, &PyId___path__);
+        int haspath = PyDict_Contains(globals, &_Py_ID(__path__));
         if (haspath < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
@@ -1701,7 +1686,6 @@ resolve_name(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name, PyObject *globals, int level
 static PyObject *
 import_find_and_load(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *abs_name)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_find_and_load);
     PyObject *mod = NULL;
     PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;
     int import_time = _PyInterpreterState_GetConfig(interp)->import_time;
@@ -1742,9 +1726,8 @@ import_find_and_load(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *abs_name)
     if (PyDTrace_IMPORT_FIND_LOAD_START_ENABLED())
         PyDTrace_IMPORT_FIND_LOAD_START(PyUnicode_AsUTF8(abs_name));
 
-    mod = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(interp->importlib,
-                                        &PyId__find_and_load, abs_name,
-                                        interp->import_func, NULL);
+    mod = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(interp->importlib, &_Py_ID(_find_and_load),
+                                     abs_name, interp->import_func, NULL);
 
     if (PyDTrace_IMPORT_FIND_LOAD_DONE_ENABLED())
         PyDTrace_IMPORT_FIND_LOAD_DONE(PyUnicode_AsUTF8(abs_name),
@@ -1788,7 +1771,6 @@ PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(PyObject *name, PyObject *globals,
                                  int level)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_handle_fromlist);
     PyObject *abs_name = NULL;
     PyObject *final_mod = NULL;
     PyObject *mod = NULL;
@@ -1909,13 +1891,13 @@ PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(PyObject *name, PyObject *globals,
     }
     else {
         PyObject *path;
-        if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(mod, &PyId___path__, &path) < 0) {
+        if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(mod, &_Py_ID(__path__), &path) < 0) {
             goto error;
         }
         if (path) {
             Py_DECREF(path);
-            final_mod = _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs(
-                        interp->importlib, &PyId__handle_fromlist,
+            final_mod = PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs(
+                        interp->importlib, &_Py_ID(_handle_fromlist),
                         mod, fromlist, interp->import_func, NULL);
         }
         else {
@@ -1955,10 +1937,8 @@ PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(const char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals
 PyObject *
 PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(importlib);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(reload);
     PyObject *reloaded_module = NULL;
-    PyObject *importlib = _PyImport_GetModuleId(&PyId_importlib);
+    PyObject *importlib = PyImport_GetModule(&_Py_ID(importlib));
     if (importlib == NULL) {
         if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
             return NULL;
@@ -1970,7 +1950,7 @@ PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
         }
     }
 
-    reloaded_module = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(importlib, &PyId_reload, m);
+    reloaded_module = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(importlib, &_Py_ID(reload), m);
     Py_DECREF(importlib);
     return reloaded_module;
 }
@@ -1988,26 +1968,12 @@ PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject *m)
 PyObject *
 PyImport_Import(PyObject *module_name)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__import__);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__builtins__);
-
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
     PyObject *globals = NULL;
     PyObject *import = NULL;
     PyObject *builtins = NULL;
     PyObject *r = NULL;
 
-    /* Initialize constant string objects */
-    PyObject *import_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___import__); // borrowed ref
-    if (import_str == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    PyObject *builtins_str = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___builtins__); // borrowed ref
-    if (builtins_str == NULL) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
     PyObject *from_list = PyList_New(0);
     if (from_list == NULL) {
         goto err;
@@ -2017,7 +1983,7 @@ PyImport_Import(PyObject *module_name)
     globals = PyEval_GetGlobals();
     if (globals != NULL) {
         Py_INCREF(globals);
-        builtins = PyObject_GetItem(globals, builtins_str);
+        builtins = PyObject_GetItem(globals, &_Py_ID(__builtins__));
         if (builtins == NULL)
             goto err;
     }
@@ -2028,20 +1994,20 @@ PyImport_Import(PyObject *module_name)
         if (builtins == NULL) {
             goto err;
         }
-        globals = Py_BuildValue("{OO}", builtins_str, builtins);
+        globals = Py_BuildValue("{OO}", &_Py_ID(__builtins__), builtins);
         if (globals == NULL)
             goto err;
     }
 
     /* Get the __import__ function from the builtins */
     if (PyDict_Check(builtins)) {
-        import = PyObject_GetItem(builtins, import_str);
+        import = PyObject_GetItem(builtins, &_Py_ID(__import__));
         if (import == NULL) {
-            _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, PyExc_KeyError, import_str);
+            _PyErr_SetObject(tstate, PyExc_KeyError, &_Py_ID(__import__));
         }
     }
     else
-        import = PyObject_GetAttr(builtins, import_str);
+        import = PyObject_GetAttr(builtins, &_Py_ID(__import__));
     if (import == NULL)
         goto err;
 
diff --git a/Python/importdl.c b/Python/importdl.c
index 6d2554741f982..f66c6013d2c98 100644
--- a/Python/importdl.c
+++ b/Python/importdl.c
@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 /* Support for dynamic loading of extension modules */
 
 #include "Python.h"
+#include "pycore_call.h"
+#include "pycore_pystate.h"
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"
 
 /* ./configure sets HAVE_DYNAMIC_LOADING if dynamic loading of modules is
    supported on this platform. configure will then compile and link in one
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@ get_encoded_name(PyObject *name, const char **hook_prefix) {
     PyObject *encoded = NULL;
     PyObject *modname = NULL;
     Py_ssize_t name_len, lastdot;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(replace);
 
     /* Get the short name (substring after last dot) */
     name_len = PyUnicode_GetLength(name);
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ get_encoded_name(PyObject *name, const char **hook_prefix) {
     }
 
     /* Replace '-' by '_' */
-    modname = _PyObject_CallMethodId(encoded, &PyId_replace, "cc", '-', '_');
+    modname = _PyObject_CallMethod(encoded, &_Py_ID(replace), "cc", '-', '_');
     if (modname == NULL)
         goto error;
 
diff --git a/Python/marshal.c b/Python/marshal.c
index 51c77555d9ea9..44e492925cb25 100644
--- a/Python/marshal.c
+++ b/Python/marshal.c
@@ -703,7 +703,6 @@ r_string(Py_ssize_t n, RFILE *p)
         read = fread(p->buf, 1, n, p->fp);
     }
     else {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(readinto);
         PyObject *res, *mview;
         Py_buffer buf;
 
@@ -713,7 +712,7 @@ r_string(Py_ssize_t n, RFILE *p)
         if (mview == NULL)
             return NULL;
 
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodId(p->readable, &PyId_readinto, "N", mview);
+        res = _PyObject_CallMethod(p->readable, &_Py_ID(readinto), "N", mview);
         if (res != NULL) {
             read = PyNumber_AsSsize_t(res, PyExc_ValueError);
             Py_DECREF(res);
@@ -1713,12 +1712,11 @@ marshal_dump_impl(PyObject *module, PyObject *value, PyObject *file,
     /* XXX Quick hack -- need to do this differently */
     PyObject *s;
     PyObject *res;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(write);
 
     s = PyMarshal_WriteObjectToString(value, version);
     if (s == NULL)
         return NULL;
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(file, &PyId_write, s);
+    res = _PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(file, &_Py_ID(write), s);
     Py_DECREF(s);
     return res;
 }
@@ -1745,7 +1743,6 @@ marshal_load(PyObject *module, PyObject *file)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=f8e5c33233566344 input=c85c2b594cd8124a]*/
 {
     PyObject *data, *result;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(read);
     RFILE rf;
 
     /*
@@ -1755,7 +1752,7 @@ marshal_load(PyObject *module, PyObject *file)
      * This can be removed if we guarantee good error handling
      * for r_string()
      */
-    data = _PyObject_CallMethodId(file, &PyId_read, "i", 0);
+    data = _PyObject_CallMethod(file, &_Py_ID(read), "i", 0);
     if (data == NULL)
         return NULL;
     if (!PyBytes_Check(data)) {
diff --git a/Python/pylifecycle.c b/Python/pylifecycle.c
index ba7bcd2f8899e..4a3a1abb3a4f0 100644
--- a/Python/pylifecycle.c
+++ b/Python/pylifecycle.c
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@
 #include "pycore_pylifecycle.h"   // _PyErr_Print()
 #include "pycore_pymem.h"         // _PyObject_DebugMallocStats()
 #include "pycore_pystate.h"       // _PyThreadState_GET()
+#include "pycore_runtime.h"       // _Py_ID()
 #include "pycore_runtime_init.h"  // _PyRuntimeState_INIT
 #include "pycore_sliceobject.h"   // _PySlice_Fini()
-#include "pycore_structseq.h"     // _PyStructSequence_InitState()
 #include "pycore_symtable.h"      // _PySymtable_Fini()
 #include "pycore_sysmodule.h"     // _PySys_ClearAuditHooks()
 #include "pycore_traceback.h"     // _Py_DumpTracebackThreads()
@@ -64,13 +64,6 @@ extern void _PyIO_Fini(void);
 #define PUTS(fd, str) _Py_write_noraise(fd, str, (int)strlen(str))
 
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(threading);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -704,11 +697,6 @@ pycore_init_types(PyInterpreterState *interp)
 {
     PyStatus status;
 
-    status = _PyStructSequence_InitState(interp);
-    if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
-        return status;
-    }
-
     status = _PyTypes_InitState(interp);
     if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
         return status;
@@ -1450,8 +1438,7 @@ finalize_clear_modules_dict(PyObject *modules)
         PyDict_Clear(modules);
     }
     else {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(clear);
-        if (_PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(modules, &PyId_clear) == NULL) {
+        if (PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(modules, &_Py_ID(clear)) == NULL) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);
         }
     }
@@ -1622,13 +1609,14 @@ file_is_closed(PyObject *fobj)
 static int
 flush_std_files(void)
 {
-    PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout);
-    PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
+    PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     PyObject *tmp;
     int status = 0;
 
     if (fout != NULL && fout != Py_None && !file_is_closed(fout)) {
-        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fout, &PyId_flush);
+        tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fout, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (tmp == NULL) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable(fout);
             status = -1;
@@ -1638,7 +1626,7 @@ flush_std_files(void)
     }
 
     if (ferr != NULL && ferr != Py_None && !file_is_closed(ferr)) {
-        tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(ferr, &PyId_flush);
+        tmp = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(ferr, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (tmp == NULL) {
             PyErr_Clear();
             status = -1;
@@ -2227,10 +2215,6 @@ create_stdio(const PyConfig *config, PyObject* io,
     const char* newline;
     PyObject *line_buffering, *write_through;
     int buffering, isatty;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(open);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(isatty);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(TextIOWrapper);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(mode);
     const int buffered_stdio = config->buffered_stdio;
 
     if (!is_valid_fd(fd))
@@ -2249,16 +2233,15 @@ create_stdio(const PyConfig *config, PyObject* io,
         mode = "wb";
     else
         mode = "rb";
-    buf = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "isiOOOO",
-                                 fd, mode, buffering,
-                                 Py_None, Py_None, /* encoding, errors */
-                                 Py_None, Py_False); /* newline, closefd */
+    buf = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(open), "isiOOOO",
+                               fd, mode, buffering,
+                               Py_None, Py_None, /* encoding, errors */
+                               Py_None, Py_False); /* newline, closefd */
     if (buf == NULL)
         goto error;
 
     if (buffering) {
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(raw);
-        raw = _PyObject_GetAttrId(buf, &PyId_raw);
+        raw = PyObject_GetAttr(buf, &_Py_ID(raw));
         if (raw == NULL)
             goto error;
     }
@@ -2274,9 +2257,9 @@ create_stdio(const PyConfig *config, PyObject* io,
 #endif
 
     text = PyUnicode_FromString(name);
-    if (text == NULL || _PyObject_SetAttrId(raw, &PyId_name, text) < 0)
+    if (text == NULL || PyObject_SetAttr(raw, &_Py_ID(name), text) < 0)
         goto error;
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(raw, &PyId_isatty);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(raw, &_Py_ID(isatty));
     if (res == NULL)
         goto error;
     isatty = PyObject_IsTrue(res);
@@ -2319,9 +2302,9 @@ create_stdio(const PyConfig *config, PyObject* io,
         goto error;
     }
 
-    stream = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_TextIOWrapper, "OOOsOO",
-                                    buf, encoding_str, errors_str,
-                                    newline, line_buffering, write_through);
+    stream = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(TextIOWrapper), "OOOsOO",
+                                  buf, encoding_str, errors_str,
+                                  newline, line_buffering, write_through);
     Py_CLEAR(buf);
     Py_CLEAR(encoding_str);
     Py_CLEAR(errors_str);
@@ -2333,7 +2316,7 @@ create_stdio(const PyConfig *config, PyObject* io,
     else
         mode = "r";
     text = PyUnicode_FromString(mode);
-    if (!text || _PyObject_SetAttrId(stream, &PyId_mode, text) < 0)
+    if (!text || PyObject_SetAttr(stream, &_Py_ID(mode), text) < 0)
         goto error;
     Py_CLEAR(text);
     return stream;
@@ -2432,7 +2415,7 @@ init_sys_streams(PyThreadState *tstate)
     if (std == NULL)
         goto error;
     PySys_SetObject("__stdin__", std);
-    _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdin, std);
+    _PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(stdin), std);
     Py_DECREF(std);
 
     /* Set sys.stdout */
@@ -2443,7 +2426,7 @@ init_sys_streams(PyThreadState *tstate)
     if (std == NULL)
         goto error;
     PySys_SetObject("__stdout__", std);
-    _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stdout, std);
+    _PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(stdout), std);
     Py_DECREF(std);
 
 #if 1 /* Disable this if you have trouble debugging bootstrap stuff */
@@ -2472,7 +2455,7 @@ init_sys_streams(PyThreadState *tstate)
         Py_DECREF(std);
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stderr, std) < 0) {
+    if (_PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(stderr), std) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(std);
         goto error;
     }
@@ -2522,7 +2505,7 @@ _Py_FatalError_PrintExc(PyThreadState *tstate)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    ferr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (ferr == NULL || ferr == Py_None) {
         /* sys.stderr is not set yet or set to None,
            no need to try to display the exception */
@@ -2547,7 +2530,7 @@ _Py_FatalError_PrintExc(PyThreadState *tstate)
     Py_XDECREF(tb);
 
     /* sys.stderr may be buffered: call sys.stderr.flush() */
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(ferr, &PyId_flush);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(ferr, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (res == NULL) {
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
     }
@@ -2899,9 +2882,8 @@ Py_ExitStatusException(PyStatus status)
 static void
 wait_for_thread_shutdown(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(_shutdown);
     PyObject *result;
-    PyObject *threading = _PyImport_GetModuleId(&PyId_threading);
+    PyObject *threading = PyImport_GetModule(&_Py_ID(threading));
     if (threading == NULL) {
         if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
             PyErr_WriteUnraisable(NULL);
@@ -2909,7 +2891,7 @@ wait_for_thread_shutdown(PyThreadState *tstate)
         /* else: threading not imported */
         return;
     }
-    result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(threading, &PyId__shutdown);
+    result = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(threading, &_Py_ID(_shutdown));
     if (result == NULL) {
         PyErr_WriteUnraisable(threading);
     }
diff --git a/Python/pythonrun.c b/Python/pythonrun.c
index 6f170a4dd63eb..b34a22391822b 100644
--- a/Python/pythonrun.c
+++ b/Python/pythonrun.c
@@ -38,20 +38,6 @@
 #endif
 
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__main__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(excepthook);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(last_traceback);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(last_type);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(last_value);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(ps1);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(ps2);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-_Py_static_string(PyId_string, "<string>");
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -130,14 +116,15 @@ _PyRun_InteractiveLoopObject(FILE *fp, PyObject *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flag
         flags = &local_flags;
     }
 
-    PyObject *v = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_ps1);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *v = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(ps1));
     if (v == NULL) {
-        _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_ps1, v = PyUnicode_FromString(">>> "));
+        _PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(ps1), v = PyUnicode_FromString(">>> "));
         Py_XDECREF(v);
     }
-    v = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_ps2);
+    v = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(ps2));
     if (v == NULL) {
-        _PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_ps2, v = PyUnicode_FromString("... "));
+        _PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(ps2), v = PyUnicode_FromString("... "));
         Py_XDECREF(v);
     }
 
@@ -199,31 +186,25 @@ static int
 PyRun_InteractiveOneObjectEx(FILE *fp, PyObject *filename,
                              PyCompilerFlags *flags)
 {
-    PyObject *m, *d, *v, *w, *oenc = NULL, *mod_name;
+    PyObject *m, *d, *v, *w, *oenc = NULL;
     mod_ty mod;
     PyArena *arena;
     const char *ps1 = "", *ps2 = "", *enc = NULL;
     int errcode = 0;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(encoding);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__main__);
-
-    mod_name = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___main__); /* borrowed */
-    if (mod_name == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     if (fp == stdin) {
         /* Fetch encoding from sys.stdin if possible. */
-        v = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdin);
+        v = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdin));
         if (v && v != Py_None) {
-            oenc = _PyObject_GetAttrId(v, &PyId_encoding);
+            oenc = PyObject_GetAttr(v, &_Py_ID(encoding));
             if (oenc)
                 enc = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(oenc);
             if (!enc)
                 PyErr_Clear();
         }
     }
-    v = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_ps1);
+    v = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(ps1));
     if (v != NULL) {
         v = PyObject_Str(v);
         if (v == NULL)
@@ -236,7 +217,7 @@ PyRun_InteractiveOneObjectEx(FILE *fp, PyObject *filename,
             }
         }
     }
-    w = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_ps2);
+    w = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(ps2));
     if (w != NULL) {
         w = PyObject_Str(w);
         if (w == NULL)
@@ -271,7 +252,7 @@ PyRun_InteractiveOneObjectEx(FILE *fp, PyObject *filename,
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    m = PyImport_AddModuleObject(mod_name);
+    m = PyImport_AddModuleObject(&_Py_ID(__main__));
     if (m == NULL) {
         _PyArena_Free(arena);
         return -1;
@@ -520,37 +501,28 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, PyObject **filename,
 {
     Py_ssize_t hold;
     PyObject *v;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(msg);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(filename);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(lineno);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(offset);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(end_lineno);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(end_offset);
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(text);
 
     *message = NULL;
     *filename = NULL;
 
     /* new style errors.  `err' is an instance */
-    *message = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_msg);
+    *message = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(msg));
     if (!*message)
         goto finally;
 
-    v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_filename);
+    v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(filename));
     if (!v)
         goto finally;
     if (v == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(v);
-        *filename = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_string);
-        if (*filename == NULL)
-            goto finally;
+        *filename = &_Py_STR(anon_string);
         Py_INCREF(*filename);
     }
     else {
         *filename = v;
     }
 
-    v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_lineno);
+    v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(lineno));
     if (!v)
         goto finally;
     hold = PyLong_AsSsize_t(v);
@@ -559,7 +531,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, PyObject **filename,
         goto finally;
     *lineno = hold;
 
-    v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_offset);
+    v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(offset));
     if (!v)
         goto finally;
     if (v == Py_None) {
@@ -574,7 +546,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, PyObject **filename,
     }
 
     if (Py_TYPE(err) == (PyTypeObject*)PyExc_SyntaxError) {
-        v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_end_lineno);
+        v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(end_lineno));
         if (!v) {
             PyErr_Clear();
             *end_lineno = *lineno;
@@ -590,7 +562,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, PyObject **filename,
             *end_lineno = hold;
         }
 
-        v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_end_offset);
+        v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(end_offset));
         if (!v) {
             PyErr_Clear();
             *end_offset = -1;
@@ -611,7 +583,7 @@ parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, PyObject **filename,
         *end_offset = -1;
     }
 
-    v = _PyObject_GetAttrId(err, &PyId_text);
+    v = PyObject_GetAttr(err, &_Py_ID(text));
     if (!v)
         goto finally;
     if (v == Py_None) {
@@ -745,8 +717,7 @@ _Py_HandleSystemExit(int *exitcode_p)
 
     if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
         /* The error code should be in the `code' attribute. */
-        _Py_IDENTIFIER(code);
-        PyObject *code = _PyObject_GetAttrId(value, &PyId_code);
+        PyObject *code = PyObject_GetAttr(value, &_Py_ID(code));
         if (code) {
             Py_DECREF(value);
             value = code;
@@ -761,7 +732,8 @@ _Py_HandleSystemExit(int *exitcode_p)
         exitcode = (int)PyLong_AsLong(value);
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *sys_stderr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+        PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+        PyObject *sys_stderr = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
         /* We clear the exception here to avoid triggering the assertion
          * in PyObject_Str that ensures it won't silently lose exception
          * details.
@@ -824,17 +796,17 @@ _PyErr_PrintEx(PyThreadState *tstate, int set_sys_last_vars)
 
     /* Now we know v != NULL too */
     if (set_sys_last_vars) {
-        if (_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_last_type, exception) < 0) {
+        if (_PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(last_type), exception) < 0) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
-        if (_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_last_value, v) < 0) {
+        if (_PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(last_value), v) < 0) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
-        if (_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_last_traceback, tb) < 0) {
+        if (_PySys_SetAttr(&_Py_ID(last_traceback), tb) < 0) {
             _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
         }
     }
-    hook = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_excepthook);
+    hook = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(excepthook));
     if (_PySys_Audit(tstate, "sys.excepthook", "OOOO", hook ? hook : Py_None,
                      exception, v, tb) < 0) {
         if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_RuntimeError)) {
@@ -979,9 +951,8 @@ print_exception_file_and_line(struct exception_print_context *ctx,
 {
     PyObject *f = ctx->file;
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(print_file_and_line);
     PyObject *tmp;
-    int res = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(*value_p, &PyId_print_file_and_line, &tmp);
+    int res = _PyObject_LookupAttr(*value_p, &_Py_ID(print_file_and_line), &tmp);
     if (res <= 0) {
         if (res < 0) {
             PyErr_Clear();
@@ -1051,14 +1022,12 @@ print_exception_message(struct exception_print_context *ctx, PyObject *type,
 {
     PyObject *f = ctx->file;
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__module__);
-
     assert(PyExceptionClass_Check(type));
 
     if (write_indented_margin(ctx, f) < 0) {
         return -1;
     }
-    PyObject *modulename = _PyObject_GetAttrId(type, &PyId___module__);
+    PyObject *modulename = PyObject_GetAttr(type, &_Py_ID(__module__));
     if (modulename == NULL || !PyUnicode_Check(modulename)) {
         Py_XDECREF(modulename);
         PyErr_Clear();
@@ -1067,8 +1036,8 @@ print_exception_message(struct exception_print_context *ctx, PyObject *type,
         }
     }
     else {
-        if (!_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(modulename, &PyId_builtins) &&
-            !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIId(modulename, &PyId___main__))
+        if (!_PyUnicode_Equal(modulename, &_Py_ID(builtins)) &&
+            !_PyUnicode_Equal(modulename, &_Py_ID(__main__)))
         {
             int res = PyFile_WriteObject(modulename, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
             Py_DECREF(modulename);
@@ -1168,9 +1137,7 @@ print_exception_note(struct exception_print_context *ctx, PyObject *value)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__note__);
-
-    PyObject *note = _PyObject_GetAttrId(value, &PyId___note__);
+    PyObject *note = PyObject_GetAttr(value, &_Py_ID(__note__));
     if (note == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -1549,11 +1516,13 @@ _PyErr_Display(PyObject *file, PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *t
     }
     if (print_exception_recursive(&ctx, value) < 0) {
         PyErr_Clear();
+        _PyObject_Dump(value);
+        fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
     }
     Py_XDECREF(ctx.seen);
 
     /* Call file.flush() */
-    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(file, &PyId_flush);
+    PyObject *res = _PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(file, &_Py_ID(flush));
     if (!res) {
         /* Silently ignore file.flush() error */
         PyErr_Clear();
@@ -1566,7 +1535,8 @@ _PyErr_Display(PyObject *file, PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *t
 void
 PyErr_Display(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb)
 {
-    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    PyObject *file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (file == NULL) {
         _PyObject_Dump(value);
         fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
@@ -1587,20 +1557,16 @@ PyRun_StringFlags(const char *str, int start, PyObject *globals,
     PyObject *ret = NULL;
     mod_ty mod;
     PyArena *arena;
-    PyObject *filename;
-
-    filename = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId_string); /* borrowed */
-    if (filename == NULL)
-        return NULL;
 
     arena = _PyArena_New();
     if (arena == NULL)
         return NULL;
 
-    mod = _PyParser_ASTFromString(str, filename, start, flags, arena);
+    mod = _PyParser_ASTFromString(
+            str, &_Py_STR(anon_string), start, flags, arena);
 
     if (mod != NULL)
-        ret = run_mod(mod, filename, globals, locals, flags, arena);
+        ret = run_mod(mod, &_Py_STR(anon_string), globals, locals, flags, arena);
     _PyArena_Free(arena);
     return ret;
 }
@@ -1662,17 +1628,18 @@ flush_io(void)
     /* Save the current exception */
     PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &traceback);
 
-    f = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    f = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stderr));
     if (f != NULL) {
-        r = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(f, &PyId_flush);
+        r = _PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(f, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (r)
             Py_DECREF(r);
         else
             PyErr_Clear();
     }
-    f = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout);
+    f = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
     if (f != NULL) {
-        r = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(f, &PyId_flush);
+        r = _PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(f, &_Py_ID(flush));
         if (r)
             Py_DECREF(r);
         else
diff --git a/Python/specialize.c b/Python/specialize.c
index b95bdf73e8bf6..21759231d28e6 100644
--- a/Python/specialize.c
+++ b/Python/specialize.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "Python.h"
 #include "pycore_code.h"
 #include "pycore_dict.h"
+#include "pycore_global_strings.h"  // _Py_ID()
 #include "pycore_long.h"
 #include "pycore_moduleobject.h"
 #include "pycore_object.h"
@@ -596,8 +597,6 @@ specialize_module_load_attr(
 {
     PyModuleObject *m = (PyModuleObject *)owner;
     PyObject *value = NULL;
-    PyObject *getattr;
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__getattr__);
     assert((owner->ob_type->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT) == 0);
     PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)m->md_dict;
     if (dict == NULL) {
@@ -608,13 +607,8 @@ specialize_module_load_attr(
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_NON_STRING_OR_SPLIT);
         return -1;
     }
-    getattr = _PyUnicode_FromId(&PyId___getattr__); /* borrowed */
-    if (getattr == NULL) {
-        SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_OVERRIDDEN);
-        PyErr_Clear();
-        return -1;
-    }
-    Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_GetItemHint(dict, getattr, -1,  &value);
+    Py_ssize_t index = _PyDict_GetItemHint(dict, &_Py_ID(__getattr__), -1,
+                                           &value);
     assert(index != DKIX_ERROR);
     if (index != DKIX_EMPTY) {
         SPECIALIZATION_FAIL(opcode, SPEC_FAIL_MODULE_ATTR_NOT_FOUND);
@@ -1223,7 +1217,6 @@ binary_subscr_fail_kind(PyTypeObject *container_type, PyObject *sub)
 }
 #endif
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__getitem__);
 
 #define SIMPLE_FUNCTION 0
 
@@ -1268,7 +1261,7 @@ _Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(
         goto success;
     }
     PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(container);
-    PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_LookupId(cls, &PyId___getitem__);
+    PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_Lookup(cls, &_Py_ID(__getitem__));
     if (descriptor && Py_TYPE(descriptor) == &PyFunction_Type) {
         PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)descriptor;
         PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
@@ -1385,8 +1378,7 @@ _Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(PyObject *container, PyObject *sub, _Py_CODEUNIT *ins
         }
         goto fail;
     }
-    _Py_IDENTIFIER(__setitem__);
-    PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_LookupId(container_type, &PyId___setitem__);
+    PyObject *descriptor = _PyType_Lookup(container_type, &_Py_ID(__setitem__));
     if (descriptor && Py_TYPE(descriptor) == &PyFunction_Type) {
         PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)descriptor;
         PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
@@ -1474,7 +1466,6 @@ builtin_call_fail_kind(int ml_flags)
 #endif
 
 static PyMethodDescrObject *_list_append = NULL;
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(append);
 
 static int
 specialize_method_descriptor(
@@ -1486,7 +1477,8 @@ specialize_method_descriptor(
         return -1;
     }
     if (_list_append == NULL) {
-        _list_append = (PyMethodDescrObject *)_PyType_LookupId(&PyList_Type, &PyId_append);
+        _list_append = (PyMethodDescrObject *)_PyType_Lookup(&PyList_Type,
+                                                             &_Py_ID(append));
     }
     assert(_list_append != NULL);
     if (nargs == 2 && descr == _list_append) {
diff --git a/Python/sysmodule.c b/Python/sysmodule.c
index acb03781a4f14..57bf04dd306ae 100644
--- a/Python/sysmodule.c
+++ b/Python/sysmodule.c
@@ -55,17 +55,21 @@ module sys
 
 #include "clinic/sysmodule.c.h"
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(_);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(__sizeof__);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(_xoptions);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(buffer);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(builtins);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(encoding);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(path);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(warnoptions);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(write);
+PyObject *
+_PySys_GetAttr(PyThreadState *tstate, PyObject *name)
+{
+    PyObject *sd = tstate->interp->sysdict;
+    if (sd == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyObject *exc_type, *exc_value, *exc_tb;
+    _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &exc_type, &exc_value, &exc_tb);
+    /* XXX Suppress a new exception if it was raised and restore
+     * the old one. */
+    PyObject *value = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(sd, name);
+    _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc_type, exc_value, exc_tb);
+    return value;
+}
 
 static PyObject *
 sys_get_object_id(PyThreadState *tstate, _Py_Identifier *key)
@@ -147,6 +151,13 @@ _PySys_SetObjectId(_Py_Identifier *key, PyObject *v)
     return sys_set_object_id(interp, key, v);
 }
 
+int
+_PySys_SetAttr(PyObject *key, PyObject *v)
+{
+    PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+    return sys_set_object(interp, key, v);
+}
+
 static int
 sys_set_object_str(PyInterpreterState *interp, const char *name, PyObject *v)
 {
@@ -258,9 +269,8 @@ sys_audit_tstate(PyThreadState *ts, const char *event,
         /* Disallow tracing in hooks unless explicitly enabled */
         PyThreadState_EnterTracing(ts);
         while ((hook = PyIter_Next(hooks)) != NULL) {
-            _Py_IDENTIFIER(__cantrace__);
             PyObject *o;
-            int canTrace = _PyObject_LookupAttrId(hook, &PyId___cantrace__, &o);
+            int canTrace = _PyObject_LookupAttr(hook, &_Py_ID(__cantrace__), &o);
             if (o) {
                 canTrace = PyObject_IsTrue(o);
                 Py_DECREF(o);
@@ -631,7 +641,7 @@ sys_displayhook_unencodable(PyObject *outf, PyObject *o)
     const char *stdout_encoding_str;
     int ret;
 
-    stdout_encoding = _PyObject_GetAttrId(outf, &PyId_encoding);
+    stdout_encoding = PyObject_GetAttr(outf, &_Py_ID(encoding));
     if (stdout_encoding == NULL)
         goto error;
     stdout_encoding_str = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(stdout_encoding);
@@ -648,12 +658,12 @@ sys_displayhook_unencodable(PyObject *outf, PyObject *o)
     if (encoded == NULL)
         goto error;
 
-    if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(outf, &PyId_buffer, &buffer) < 0) {
+    if (_PyObject_LookupAttr(outf, &_Py_ID(buffer), &buffer) < 0) {
         Py_DECREF(encoded);
         goto error;
     }
     if (buffer) {
-        result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(buffer, &PyId_write, encoded);
+        result = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(buffer, &_Py_ID(write), encoded);
         Py_DECREF(buffer);
         Py_DECREF(encoded);
         if (result == NULL)
@@ -699,7 +709,7 @@ sys_displayhook(PyObject *module, PyObject *o)
     static PyObject *newline = NULL;
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
-    builtins = _PyImport_GetModuleId(&PyId_builtins);
+    builtins = PyImport_GetModule(&_Py_ID(builtins));
     if (builtins == NULL) {
         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
             _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
@@ -715,9 +725,9 @@ sys_displayhook(PyObject *module, PyObject *o)
     if (o == Py_None) {
         Py_RETURN_NONE;
     }
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(builtins, &PyId__, Py_None) != 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, &_Py_ID(_), Py_None) != 0)
         return NULL;
-    outf = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId_stdout);
+    outf = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(stdout));
     if (outf == NULL || outf == Py_None) {
         _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError, "lost sys.stdout");
         return NULL;
@@ -744,7 +754,7 @@ sys_displayhook(PyObject *module, PyObject *o)
     }
     if (PyFile_WriteObject(newline, outf, Py_PRINT_RAW) != 0)
         return NULL;
-    if (_PyObject_SetAttrId(builtins, &PyId__, o) != 0)
+    if (PyObject_SetAttr(builtins, &_Py_ID(_), o) != 0)
         return NULL;
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
@@ -1676,7 +1686,7 @@ _PySys_GetSizeOf(PyObject *o)
         return (size_t)-1;
     }
 
-    method = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &PyId___sizeof__);
+    method = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(o, &_Py_ID(__sizeof__));
     if (method == NULL) {
         if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
             _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
@@ -2218,7 +2228,7 @@ _PySys_ReadPreinitXOptions(PyConfig *config)
 static PyObject *
 get_warnoptions(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
-    PyObject *warnoptions = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId_warnoptions);
+    PyObject *warnoptions = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(warnoptions));
     if (warnoptions == NULL || !PyList_Check(warnoptions)) {
         /* PEP432 TODO: we can reach this if warnoptions is NULL in the main
         *  interpreter config. When that happens, we need to properly set
@@ -2234,7 +2244,7 @@ get_warnoptions(PyThreadState *tstate)
         if (warnoptions == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (sys_set_object_id(tstate->interp, &PyId_warnoptions, warnoptions)) {
+        if (sys_set_object(tstate->interp, &_Py_ID(warnoptions), warnoptions)) {
             Py_DECREF(warnoptions);
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -2252,7 +2262,7 @@ PySys_ResetWarnOptions(void)
         return;
     }
 
-    PyObject *warnoptions = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId_warnoptions);
+    PyObject *warnoptions = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(warnoptions));
     if (warnoptions == NULL || !PyList_Check(warnoptions))
         return;
     PyList_SetSlice(warnoptions, 0, PyList_GET_SIZE(warnoptions), NULL);
@@ -2306,7 +2316,7 @@ int
 PySys_HasWarnOptions(void)
 {
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
-    PyObject *warnoptions = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId_warnoptions);
+    PyObject *warnoptions = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(warnoptions));
     return (warnoptions != NULL && PyList_Check(warnoptions)
             && PyList_GET_SIZE(warnoptions) > 0);
 }
@@ -2314,7 +2324,7 @@ PySys_HasWarnOptions(void)
 static PyObject *
 get_xoptions(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {
-    PyObject *xoptions = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId__xoptions);
+    PyObject *xoptions = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(_xoptions));
     if (xoptions == NULL || !PyDict_Check(xoptions)) {
         /* PEP432 TODO: we can reach this if xoptions is NULL in the main
         *  interpreter config. When that happens, we need to properly set
@@ -2330,7 +2340,7 @@ get_xoptions(PyThreadState *tstate)
         if (xoptions == NULL) {
             return NULL;
         }
-        if (sys_set_object_id(tstate->interp, &PyId__xoptions, xoptions)) {
+        if (sys_set_object(tstate->interp, &_Py_ID(_xoptions), xoptions)) {
             Py_DECREF(xoptions);
             return NULL;
         }
@@ -3032,7 +3042,7 @@ _PySys_SetPreliminaryStderr(PyObject *sysdict)
     if (pstderr == NULL) {
         goto error;
     }
-    if (_PyDict_SetItemId(sysdict, &PyId_stderr, pstderr) < 0) {
+    if (PyDict_SetItem(sysdict, &_Py_ID(stderr), pstderr) < 0) {
         goto error;
     }
     if (PyDict_SetItemString(sysdict, "__stderr__", pstderr) < 0) {
@@ -3157,7 +3167,7 @@ PySys_SetPath(const wchar_t *path)
     if ((v = makepathobject(path, DELIM)) == NULL)
         Py_FatalError("can't create sys.path");
     PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
-    if (sys_set_object_id(interp, &PyId_path, v) != 0) {
+    if (sys_set_object(interp, &_Py_ID(path), v) != 0) {
         Py_FatalError("can't assign sys.path");
     }
     Py_DECREF(v);
@@ -3214,7 +3224,7 @@ PySys_SetArgvEx(int argc, wchar_t **argv, int updatepath)
                 Py_FatalError("can't compute path0 from argv");
             }
 
-            PyObject *sys_path = sys_get_object_id(tstate, &PyId_path);
+            PyObject *sys_path = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(path));
             if (sys_path != NULL) {
                 if (PyList_Insert(sys_path, 0, path0) < 0) {
                     Py_DECREF(path0);
@@ -3241,7 +3251,7 @@ sys_pyfile_write_unicode(PyObject *unicode, PyObject *file)
     if (file == NULL)
         return -1;
     assert(unicode != NULL);
-    PyObject *result = _PyObject_CallMethodIdOneArg(file, &PyId_write, unicode);
+    PyObject *result = _PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(file, &_Py_ID(write), unicode);
     if (result == NULL) {
         return -1;
     }
@@ -3296,7 +3306,7 @@ sys_pyfile_write(const char *text, PyObject *file)
  */
 
 static void
-sys_write(_Py_Identifier *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
+sys_write(PyObject *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
 {
     PyObject *file;
     PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
@@ -3305,7 +3315,7 @@ sys_write(_Py_Identifier *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
-    file = sys_get_object_id(tstate, key);
+    file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, key);
     written = PyOS_vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, va);
     if (sys_pyfile_write(buffer, file) != 0) {
         _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
@@ -3325,7 +3335,7 @@ PySys_WriteStdout(const char *format, ...)
     va_list va;
 
     va_start(va, format);
-    sys_write(&PyId_stdout, stdout, format, va);
+    sys_write(&_Py_ID(stdout), stdout, format, va);
     va_end(va);
 }
 
@@ -3335,12 +3345,12 @@ PySys_WriteStderr(const char *format, ...)
     va_list va;
 
     va_start(va, format);
-    sys_write(&PyId_stderr, stderr, format, va);
+    sys_write(&_Py_ID(stderr), stderr, format, va);
     va_end(va);
 }
 
 static void
-sys_format(_Py_Identifier *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
+sys_format(PyObject *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
 {
     PyObject *file, *message;
     PyObject *error_type, *error_value, *error_traceback;
@@ -3348,7 +3358,7 @@ sys_format(_Py_Identifier *key, FILE *fp, const char *format, va_list va)
     PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
 
     _PyErr_Fetch(tstate, &error_type, &error_value, &error_traceback);
-    file = sys_get_object_id(tstate, key);
+    file = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, key);
     message = PyUnicode_FromFormatV(format, va);
     if (message != NULL) {
         if (sys_pyfile_write_unicode(message, file) != 0) {
@@ -3368,7 +3378,7 @@ PySys_FormatStdout(const char *format, ...)
     va_list va;
 
     va_start(va, format);
-    sys_format(&PyId_stdout, stdout, format, va);
+    sys_format(&_Py_ID(stdout), stdout, format, va);
     va_end(va);
 }
 
@@ -3378,6 +3388,6 @@ PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)
     va_list va;
 
     va_start(va, format);
-    sys_format(&PyId_stderr, stderr, format, va);
+    sys_format(&_Py_ID(stderr), stderr, format, va);
     va_end(va);
 }
diff --git a/Python/traceback.c b/Python/traceback.c
index 4d6cbaae8da6c..f2ae38e56c330 100644
--- a/Python/traceback.c
+++ b/Python/traceback.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "code.h"                 // PyCode_Addr2Line etc
 #include "frameobject.h"          // PyFrame_GetBack()
 #include "pycore_ast.h"           // asdl_seq_*
+#include "pycore_call.h"          // _PyObject_CallMethodFormat()
 #include "pycore_compile.h"       // _PyAST_Optimize
 #include "pycore_fileutils.h"     // _Py_BEGIN_SUPPRESS_IPH
 #include "pycore_frame.h"         // _PyFrame_GetCode()
@@ -32,11 +33,6 @@
 /* Function from Parser/tokenizer.c */
 extern char* _PyTokenizer_FindEncodingFilename(int, PyObject *);
 
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(TextIOWrapper);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(close);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(open);
-_Py_IDENTIFIER(path);
-
 /*[clinic input]
 class TracebackType "PyTracebackObject *" "&PyTraceback_Type"
 [clinic start generated code]*/
@@ -317,6 +313,7 @@ _Py_FindSourceFile(PyObject *filename, char* namebuf, size_t namelen, PyObject *
     const char* filepath;
     Py_ssize_t len;
     PyObject* result;
+    PyObject *open = NULL;
 
     filebytes = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(filename);
     if (filebytes == NULL) {
@@ -333,11 +330,13 @@ _Py_FindSourceFile(PyObject *filename, char* namebuf, size_t namelen, PyObject *
         tail++;
     taillen = strlen(tail);
 
-    syspath = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_path);
+    PyThreadState *tstate = _PyThreadState_GET();
+    syspath = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(path));
     if (syspath == NULL || !PyList_Check(syspath))
         goto error;
     npath = PyList_Size(syspath);
 
+    open = PyObject_GetAttr(io, &_Py_ID(open));
     for (i = 0; i < npath; i++) {
         v = PyList_GetItem(syspath, i);
         if (v == NULL) {
@@ -364,7 +363,7 @@ _Py_FindSourceFile(PyObject *filename, char* namebuf, size_t namelen, PyObject *
             namebuf[len++] = SEP;
         strcpy(namebuf+len, tail);
 
-        binary = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "ss", namebuf, "rb");
+        binary = _PyObject_CallMethodFormat(tstate, open, "ss", namebuf, "rb");
         if (binary != NULL) {
             result = binary;
             goto finally;
@@ -376,6 +375,7 @@ _Py_FindSourceFile(PyObject *filename, char* namebuf, size_t namelen, PyObject *
 error:
     result = NULL;
 finally:
+    Py_XDECREF(open);
     Py_DECREF(filebytes);
     return result;
 }
@@ -448,10 +448,11 @@ display_source_line_with_margin(PyObject *f, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int
     }
 
     io = PyImport_ImportModule("io");
-    if (io == NULL)
+    if (io == NULL) {
         return -1;
-    binary = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_open, "Os", filename, "rb");
+    }
 
+    binary = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(open), "Os", filename, "rb");
     if (binary == NULL) {
         PyErr_Clear();
 
@@ -480,14 +481,15 @@ display_source_line_with_margin(PyObject *f, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int
         PyMem_Free(found_encoding);
         return 0;
     }
-    fob = _PyObject_CallMethodId(io, &PyId_TextIOWrapper, "Os", binary, encoding);
+    fob = _PyObject_CallMethod(io, &_Py_ID(TextIOWrapper),
+                               "Os", binary, encoding);
     Py_DECREF(io);
     PyMem_Free(found_encoding);
 
     if (fob == NULL) {
         PyErr_Clear();
 
-        res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(binary, &PyId_close);
+        res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(binary, &_Py_ID(close));
         Py_DECREF(binary);
         if (res)
             Py_DECREF(res);
@@ -506,7 +508,7 @@ display_source_line_with_margin(PyObject *f, PyObject *filename, int lineno, int
             break;
         }
     }
-    res = _PyObject_CallMethodIdNoArgs(fob, &PyId_close);
+    res = PyObject_CallMethodNoArgs(fob, &_Py_ID(close));
     if (res) {
         Py_DECREF(res);
     }
diff --git a/Tools/c-analyzer/TODO b/Tools/c-analyzer/TODO
index 4b9b2857e1d1e..55338ebc855d0 100644
--- a/Tools/c-analyzer/TODO
+++ b/Tools/c-analyzer/TODO
@@ -156,8 +156,6 @@ Objects/codeobject.c:PyCode_NewEmpty():emptystring               static PyObject
 Objects/exceptions.c:_check_for_legacy_statements():exec_prefix  static PyObject *exec_prefix
 Objects/exceptions.c:_check_for_legacy_statements():print_prefix static PyObject *print_prefix
 Objects/funcobject.c:PyFunction_NewWithQualName():__name__       static PyObject *__name__
-Objects/typeobject.c:object___reduce_ex___impl():objreduce       static PyObject *objreduce
-Objects/typeobject.c:resolve_slotdups():pname                    static PyObject *pname
 Objects/unicodeobject.c:unicode_empty                            static PyObject *unicode_empty
 Objects/unicodeobject.c:unicode_latin1                           static PyObject *unicode_latin1[256]
 Python/_warnings.c:is_internal_frame():bootstrap_string          static PyObject *bootstrap_string
diff --git a/Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py b/Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py
index a06d201fd6144..b184e74898940 100644
--- a/Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py
+++ b/Tools/scripts/generate_global_objects.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import argparse
-import ast
-import builtins
-import collections
 import contextlib
+import glob
 import os.path
+import re
 import sys
 
 
@@ -12,6 +10,298 @@
 INTERNAL = os.path.join(ROOT, 'Include', 'internal')
 
 
+STRING_LITERALS = {
+    'empty': '',
+    'dot': '.',
+    'comma_sep': ', ',
+    'percent': '%',
+    'dbl_percent': '%%',
+
+    '"anonymous" labels': None,
+    'anon_dictcomp': '<dictcomp>',
+    'anon_genexpr': '<genexpr>',
+    'anon_lambda': '<lambda>',
+    'anon_listcomp': '<listcomp>',
+    'anon_module': '<module>',
+    'anon_setcomp': '<setcomp>',
+    'anon_string': '<string>',
+    'dot_locals': '.<locals>',
+}
+IDENTIFIERS = [
+    'Py_Repr',
+    'TextIOWrapper',
+    'WarningMessage',
+    '_',
+    '__IOBase_closed',
+    '__abc_tpflags__',
+    '__abs__',
+    '__abstractmethods__',
+    '__add__',
+    '__aenter__',
+    '__aexit__',
+    '__aiter__',
+    '__all__',
+    '__and__',
+    '__anext__',
+    '__annotations__',
+    '__args__',
+    '__await__',
+    '__bases__',
+    '__bool__',
+    '__build_class__',
+    '__builtins__',
+    '__bytes__',
+    '__call__',
+    '__cantrace__',
+    '__class__',
+    '__class_getitem__',
+    '__classcell__',
+    '__complex__',
+    '__contains__',
+    '__copy__',
+    '__del__',
+    '__delattr__',
+    '__delete__',
+    '__delitem__',
+    '__dict__',
+    '__dir__',
+    '__divmod__',
+    '__doc__',
+    '__enter__',
+    '__eq__',
+    '__exit__',
+    '__file__',
+    '__float__',
+    '__floordiv__',
+    '__format__',
+    '__fspath__',
+    '__ge__',
+    '__get__',
+    '__getattr__',
+    '__getattribute__',
+    '__getinitargs__',
+    '__getitem__',
+    '__getnewargs__',
+    '__getnewargs_ex__',
+    '__getstate__',
+    '__gt__',
+    '__hash__',
+    '__iadd__',
+    '__iand__',
+    '__ifloordiv__',
+    '__ilshift__',
+    '__imatmul__',
+    '__imod__',
+    '__import__',
+    '__imul__',
+    '__index__',
+    '__init__',
+    '__init_subclass__',
+    '__instancecheck__',
+    '__int__',
+    '__invert__',
+    '__ior__',
+    '__ipow__',
+    '__irshift__',
+    '__isabstractmethod__',
+    '__isub__',
+    '__iter__',
+    '__itruediv__',
+    '__ixor__',
+    '__le__',
+    '__len__',
+    '__length_hint__',
+    '__loader__',
+    '__lshift__',
+    '__lt__',
+    '__ltrace__',
+    '__main__',
+    '__matmul__',
+    '__missing__',
+    '__mod__',
+    '__module__',
+    '__mro_entries__',
+    '__mul__',
+    '__name__',
+    '__ne__',
+    '__neg__',
+    '__new__',
+    '__newobj__',
+    '__newobj_ex__',
+    '__next__',
+    '__note__',
+    '__or__',
+    '__origin__',
+    '__package__',
+    '__parameters__',
+    '__path__',
+    '__pos__',
+    '__pow__',
+    '__prepare__',
+    '__qualname__',
+    '__radd__',
+    '__rand__',
+    '__rdivmod__',
+    '__reduce__',
+    '__reduce_ex__',
+    '__repr__',
+    '__reversed__',
+    '__rfloordiv__',
+    '__rlshift__',
+    '__rmatmul__',
+    '__rmod__',
+    '__rmul__',
+    '__ror__',
+    '__round__',
+    '__rpow__',
+    '__rrshift__',
+    '__rshift__',
+    '__rsub__',
+    '__rtruediv__',
+    '__rxor__',
+    '__set__',
+    '__set_name__',
+    '__setattr__',
+    '__setitem__',
+    '__setstate__',
+    '__sizeof__',
+    '__slotnames__',
+    '__slots__',
+    '__spec__',
+    '__str__',
+    '__sub__',
+    '__subclasscheck__',
+    '__subclasshook__',
+    '__truediv__',
+    '__trunc__',
+    '__warningregistry__',
+    '__weakref__',
+    '__xor__',
+    '_abc_impl',
+    '_blksize',
+    '_dealloc_warn',
+    '_finalizing',
+    '_find_and_load',
+    '_fix_up_module',
+    '_get_sourcefile',
+    '_handle_fromlist',
+    '_initializing',
+    '_is_text_encoding',
+    '_lock_unlock_module',
+    '_showwarnmsg',
+    '_shutdown',
+    '_slotnames',
+    '_strptime_time',
+    '_uninitialized_submodules',
+    '_warn_unawaited_coroutine',
+    '_xoptions',
+    'add',
+    'append',
+    'big',
+    'buffer',
+    'builtins',
+    'clear',
+    'close',
+    'code',
+    'copy',
+    'copyreg',
+    'decode',
+    'default',
+    'defaultaction',
+    'difference_update',
+    'dispatch_table',
+    'displayhook',
+    'enable',
+    'encoding',
+    'end_lineno',
+    'end_offset',
+    'errors',
+    'excepthook',
+    'extend',
+    'filename',
+    'fileno',
+    'fillvalue',
+    'filters',
+    'find_class',
+    'flush',
+    'get',
+    'get_source',
+    'getattr',
+    'ignore',
+    'importlib',
+    'intersection',
+    'isatty',
+    'items',
+    'iter',
+    'keys',
+    'last_traceback',
+    'last_type',
+    'last_value',
+    'latin1',
+    'lineno',
+    'little',
+    'match',
+    'metaclass',
+    'mode',
+    'modules',
+    'mro',
+    'msg',
+    'n_fields',
+    'n_sequence_fields',
+    'n_unnamed_fields',
+    'name',
+    'obj',
+    'offset',
+    'onceregistry',
+    'open',
+    'parent',
+    'partial',
+    'path',
+    'peek',
+    'persistent_id',
+    'persistent_load',
+    'print_file_and_line',
+    'ps1',
+    'ps2',
+    'raw',
+    'read',
+    'read1',
+    'readable',
+    'readall',
+    'readinto',
+    'readinto1',
+    'readline',
+    'reducer_override',
+    'reload',
+    'replace',
+    'reset',
+    'return',
+    'reversed',
+    'seek',
+    'seekable',
+    'send',
+    'setstate',
+    'sort',
+    'stderr',
+    'stdin',
+    'stdout',
+    'strict',
+    'symmetric_difference_update',
+    'tell',
+    'text',
+    'threading',
+    'throw',
+    'unraisablehook',
+    'values',
+    'version',
+    'warnings',
+    'warnoptions',
+    'writable',
+    'write',
+    'zipimporter',
+]
+
+
 #######################################
 # helpers
 
@@ -64,6 +354,38 @@ def block(self, prefix, suffix="", *, continuation=None):
 END = '/* End auto-generated code */'
 
 
+def generate_global_strings():
+    filename = os.path.join(INTERNAL, 'pycore_global_strings.h')
+
+    # Read the non-generated part of the file.
+    with open(filename) as infile:
+        before = ''.join(iter_to_marker(infile, START))[:-1]
+        for _ in iter_to_marker(infile, END):
+            pass
+        after = infile.read()[:-1]
+
+    # Generate the file.
+    with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as outfile:
+        printer = Printer(outfile)
+        printer.write(before)
+        printer.write(START)
+        with printer.block('struct _Py_global_strings', ';'):
+            with printer.block('struct', ' literals;'):
+                for name, literal in STRING_LITERALS.items():
+                    if literal is None:
+                        outfile.write('\n')
+                        printer.write(f'// {name}')
+                    else:
+                        printer.write(f'STRUCT_FOR_STR({name}, "{literal}")')
+            outfile.write('\n')
+            with printer.block('struct', ' identifiers;'):
+                for name in sorted(IDENTIFIERS):
+                    assert name.isidentifier(), name
+                    printer.write(f'STRUCT_FOR_ID({name})')
+        printer.write(END)
+        printer.write(after)
+
+
 def generate_runtime_init():
     # First get some info from the declarations.
     nsmallposints = None
@@ -106,19 +428,174 @@ def generate_runtime_init():
                 with printer.block('.bytes_characters =', ','):
                     for i in range(256):
                         printer.write(f'_PyBytes_CHAR_INIT({i}),')
+                printer.write('')
+                # Global strings.
+                with printer.block('.strings =', ','):
+                    with printer.block('.literals =', ','):
+                        for name, literal in STRING_LITERALS.items():
+                            if literal is None:
+                                printer.write('')
+                            else:
+                                printer.write(f'INIT_STR({name}, "{literal}"),')
+                    with printer.block('.identifiers =', ','):
+                        for name in sorted(IDENTIFIERS):
+                            assert name.isidentifier(), name
+                            printer.write(f'INIT_ID({name}),')
         printer.write(END)
         printer.write(after)
 
 
+#######################################
+# checks
+
+def err(msg):
+    print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+
+
+GETTER_RE = re.compile(r'''
+    ^
+    .*?
+    (?:
+        (?:
+            _Py_ID
+            [(]
+            ( \w+ )  # <identifier>
+            [)]
+         )
+        |
+        (?:
+            _Py_STR
+            [(]
+            ( \w+ )  # <literal>
+            [)]
+         )
+     )
+''', re.VERBOSE)
+TYPESLOTS_RE = re.compile(r'''
+    ^
+    .*?
+    (?:
+        (?:
+            SLOT0 [(] .*?, \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <slot0>
+            [)]
+         )
+        |
+        (?:
+            SLOT1 [(] .*?, \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <slot1>
+            , .* [)]
+         )
+        |
+        (?:
+            SLOT1BIN [(] .*?, .*?, \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <slot1bin>
+            , \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <reverse>
+            [)]
+         )
+        |
+        (?:
+            SLOT1BINFULL [(] .*?, .*?, .*?, \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <slot1binfull>
+            , \s*
+            ( \w+ )  # <fullreverse>
+            [)]
+         )
+        |
+        ( SLOT \d .* [^)] $ )  # <wrapped>
+     )
+''', re.VERBOSE)
+
+def check_orphan_strings():
+    literals = set(n for n, s in STRING_LITERALS.items() if s)
+    identifiers = set(IDENTIFIERS)
+    files = glob.iglob(os.path.join(ROOT, '**', '*.[ch]'), recursive=True)
+    for i, filename in enumerate(files, start=1):
+        print('.', end='')
+        if i % 5 == 0:
+            print(' ', end='')
+        if i % 20 == 0:
+            print()
+        if i % 100 == 0:
+            print()
+        with open(filename) as infile:
+            wrapped = None
+            for line in infile:
+                identifier = literal = reverse = None
+
+                line = line.splitlines()[0]
+                if wrapped:
+                    line = f'{wrapped.rstrip()} {line}'
+                    wrapped = None
+
+                if os.path.basename(filename) == '_warnings.c':
+                    m = re.match(r'^.* = GET_WARNINGS_ATTR[(][^,]*, (\w+),', line)
+                    if m:
+                        identifier, = m.groups()
+                elif os.path.basename(filename) == 'typeobject.c':
+                    m = TYPESLOTS_RE.match(line)
+                    if m:
+                        (slot0,
+                         slot1,
+                         slot1bin, reverse,
+                         slot1binfull, fullreverse,
+                         wrapped,
+                         ) = m.groups()
+                        identifier = slot0 or slot1 or slot1bin or slot1binfull
+                        reverse = reverse or fullreverse
+
+                if not identifier and not literal:
+                    m = GETTER_RE.match(line)
+                    if not m:
+                        continue
+                    identifier, literal = m.groups()
+
+                if literal:
+                    if literals and literal in literals:
+                        literals.remove(literal)
+                if identifier:
+                    if identifiers and identifier in identifiers:
+                        identifiers.remove(identifier)
+                if reverse:
+                    if identifiers and reverse in identifiers:
+                        identifiers.remove(reverse)
+                if not literals and not identifiers:
+                    break
+            else:
+                continue
+            break
+    if i % 20:
+        print()
+    if not literals and not identifiers:
+        return
+    print('ERROR:', file=sys.stderr)
+    if literals:
+        err(' unused global string literals:')
+        for name in sorted(literals):
+            err(f'   {name}')
+    if identifiers:
+        if literals:
+            print()
+        err(' unused global identifiers:')
+        for name in sorted(identifiers):
+            err(f'   {name}')
+
+
 #######################################
 # the script
 
-def main() -> None:
+def main(*, check=False) -> None:
+    generate_global_strings()
     generate_runtime_init()
 
+    if check:
+        check_orphan_strings()
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    argv = sys.argv[1:]
-    if argv:
-        sys.exit(f'ERROR: got unexpected args {argv}')
-    main()
+    import argparse
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument('--check', action='store_true')
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    main(**vars(args))



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