[issue37132] Add a module for integer related math functions

[Mark Dickinson]

Mark Dickinson <dickinsm at gmail.com> added the comment:

Some questions:

- What's the plan for the existing functions `math.gcd` and `math.factorial`? Do they eventually get deprecated, or do we keep `gcd` and `factorial` in both `math` and `imath`?

- Does PEP 399 apply here? If so, we'll need a pure Python version as well as a C version

- Should `imath.isqrt` be renamed to `imath.sqrt`?

- What's the actual benefit of this separation?

This feels like a really big change to be making a day before feature freeze; I'm not convinced that we don't need a PEP for this. How bad would it be if we have to defer until 3.9?

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<https://bugs.python.org/issue37132>
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