[issue13224] Change str(x) to return only the qualname for some types

[Nick Coghlan]

Nick Coghlan added the comment:

That said, bringing over my overall comment from the PR review: 

I think the number of additional changes needed in the test suite and the standard library highlights the compatibility restoration busy-work risks of actually making this change:

- while test_structures and test_xmlrpc show the kinds of error messages that the change is aimed at improving (and I think it does indeed improve them), it still requires the kind of test case change that is going to be awkward from projects spanning multiple distinct versions of CPython

- most of the other cases were for code that actually wanted the current formatting, and needed to be updated to explicitly request repr() (either by calling it directly, or by switching to !r or %r in a formatting string)

Perhaps a less disruptive way of tackling the problem with the verbosity of name access would be to add a new `getname()` builtin that understood how to get the names of various things (e.g. via `__class__`), and preferred __qualname__ to __name__ when both were available? Then Guido's original motivating example could be written as:

    print(f"{getname(err)}: {err}") # f-string
    print("{}: {}".format(getname(err), err) # str.format
    print("%s: %s" % (getname(err), err)) # printf-style

As a new builtin, it could be trivially added to cross-version compatibility libraries like six and python-future, whereas directly changing the behaviour of __str__ on the affected builtin types isn't really something that can be readily emulated on old versions.

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