In numpy.distutils.system info: default_x11_lib_dirs = libpaths(['/usr/X11R6/lib','/usr/X11/lib', '/usr/lib'], platform_bits) default_x11_include_dirs = ['/usr/X11R6/include','/usr/X11/include', '/usr/include'] These defaults won't work on the forthcoming Ubuntu 11.10, which installs X into /usr/lib/X11 and /usr/include/X11. Darren