like this:

There are a couple of new things here. First, note that you can indicate style information with the style attribute on an HTML tag. This is generally a bad idea, but it's possible for cases just like this where you want to control the style of individual elements in very specific ways. Second, you can specify an RGB colour in CSS by specifying three percentages as in rgb(100%, 50%, 0%). This isn't used as commonly as the hexadecimal method we've used in the course up to now, but it is supported by modern web browsers and will be much easier to work with in our program. In this example, the colour will have a lot of red (100%=F), half green (50%?7) and no blue (0%=0) Here's how you calculate the in-between colours: I'm going to assume the percentage of red the user specified for the first colour is an integer in red1 and the amount of red for colour two is in red2. The number of steps the user requested is in nsteps. If you want the amount of red (as a percent) for colour block i, you can do this (assuming i goes from 0 to nsteps-1): fraction = (i+1.0)/nsteps r = (1-fraction)*red1 + fraction*red2 After this, the variable r will contain the correct percent (as a floating point value). The calculation for green and blue are exactly the same. (You don't have to repeat the calculation of fraction, of course.) Here are some other points about how the program should behave: ? You will have to apply a style sheet to the

tags so they are large enough to see. Something like this might be appropriate: colourblock { width: 10em; height: 1em; } ? Your program must never output more than 150 total colours, no matter how many the user asks for. If the users asks for more, it should only output 150. Having a limitation like this is an essential security measure. If not, someone could ask for 1000000 steps; this would overload the server and someone would probably come asking you why you used so much of the University's bandwidth. [Actually, the course web server automatically limits the size of the page your script can create. This isn't the case on most web servers so you should get into the habit of paying attention to the amount of output you generate. Python scripts on the server are limited to 60k of output.] ? You don't have to worry about catching errors in the user's input. That is, don't worry about the possibility of them entering "abcd" as the number of steps. ? You have to be careful about the spacing when outputting the RGB percentage values. You will have to convert the numbers to strings and concatenate them. For example, this statement will output part of the style attribute: print 'style="background-color: rgb(' + str(r) + '%' ? All of your XHTML (including generated XHTML) and CSS must be valid. I have no idea how to begin!! can you help me? Thank you, Andrea Semenik From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 13:33:50 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 07:33:50 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] browser encoding standards? In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140433n3c19d682je69bdd7eeffc5502@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 13, 2009 at 7:55 PM, Alan Gauld wrote: > OK, What kind of meta tag should I include? > I have a couple, but not very many meta tags in my files. I try to > minimalise > content and maintain HTML 3.2 compatibility for oldr browsers. > > What would a content-type meta line look like to get round this > quoting problem? My O'Reilly pocket reference suggests: > > > > Would that suffice? Yes, that should do it. The other alternative, if you have control of the web server, is to set the actual content-type header sent by the server. The meta tag is a way to simulate that from the contents of the page. Kent From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 13:39:08 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 07:39:08 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] assigning list to keys In-Reply-To: <20090714065818.29280@gmx.net> References: <20090714065818.29280@gmx.net> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140439x2ff491ddq5257da4a1857824a@mail.gmail.com> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 2:58 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Hello, > > The other day I needed to pack a dictionary, the value of each key was a list. In the code I was packing the list and the dictionary at the same time. First I tried something like this: > > list = [] > dict = {} > x = 1 > > dict['int'] = list.append(x) I don't know what you mean by "pack a dictionary". A fairly common requirement is for a dictionary that maps keys to a list of values, and a way to accumulate the values from a list of key, value pairs where the keys may repeat. collections.defaultdict is helpful for this, for example: In [3]: from collections import defaultdict In [4]: d = defaultdict(list) In [5]: pairs = [ ('int', 1), ('float', 2.5), ('int', 3), ('float', 3.14) ] In [6]: for k, v in pairs: ...: d[k].append(v) In [7]: d Out[7]: defaultdict(, {'int': [1, 3], 'float': [2.5, 3.1400000000000001]}) The value of d[k] will be a list, either an empty list or a previously created one, so d[k].append() adds a new value to the list. Kent From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 13:48:20 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 07:48:20 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] University student struggling! In-Reply-To: <1879712445.255321247527427509.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> References: <1312341294.252961247527187979.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> <1879712445.255321247527427509.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140448j4961ca76g39cbf63d163c74e0@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 13, 2009 at 7:23 PM, Andrea Semenik wrote: > I have no idea how to begin!! can you help me? What have you done so far? Do you know how to serve and form and respond to form submission? Do you know how to dynamically generate and serve a page of HTML? What are you using to program the server, is it CGI? Here is a place to start: - create a page that shows a form allowing the user to specify the colors - make a CGI that receives the form submission and displays the two specified colors Kent From bgailer at gmail.com Tue Jul 14 14:58:43 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 08:58:43 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] University student struggling! In-Reply-To: <1879712445.255321247527427509.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> References: <1879712445.255321247527427509.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> Message-ID: <4A5C8103.9050201@gmail.com> Andrea Semenik wrote: > > I have no idea how to begin!! can you help me? > It sounds like this is not the first assignment in the course. True? If so did you complete them successfully? If so is there anything in the prior assignments that you can build on? Also note that your question includes Python, web servers, HTML. Have you asked the question in other fora? Is there a link to this and prior problems that we can visit? -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From bgailer at gmail.com Tue Jul 14 15:03:21 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 09:03:21 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] assigning list to keys In-Reply-To: <4A5C34B2.8020708@compuscan.co.za> References: <20090714065818.29280@gmx.net> <4A5C34B2.8020708@compuscan.co.za> Message-ID: <4A5C8219.20400@gmail.com> Christian Witts wrote: > Todd Matsumoto wrote: >> Hello, >> >> The other day I needed to pack a dictionary, the value of each key >> was a list. In the code I was packing the list and the dictionary at >> the same time. First I tried something like this: >> >> list = [] >> dict = {} >> x = 1 >> >> dict['int'] = list.append(x) >> >> The result was {'int': None}. Why is the value None? >> >> Cheers, >> >> T >> > Hi, > > Appending to a list does so in-place and returns None. If you wish to > do what you posted you will need to do it in 2 steps with: > > list.append(x) > dict['int'] = list Don't you mean dict['int'] = list[-1]? > > You should also avoid shadowing built-in names like "list", "dict", > "file" etc as you can very easily end up with unexplained errors. > > Hope that helps. > -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Tue Jul 14 15:41:27 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 15:41:27 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type Message-ID: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> Hi, Does anyone know how to do a unittest assert for a type? So If you have a program returning a Decimal, lets say Decimal("1"), and you want to make sure that what is returned is a Decimal object. At first I thought of importing Decimal and making my own Decimal("1") and doing an assertEquals, but this implies I know what the return type is before getting it. Cheers, T -- Jetzt kostenlos herunterladen: Internet Explorer 8 und Mozilla Firefox 3 - sicherer, schneller und einfacher! http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/atbrowser From a.t.hofkamp at tue.nl Tue Jul 14 15:45:18 2009 From: a.t.hofkamp at tue.nl (A.T.Hofkamp) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 15:45:18 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> Message-ID: <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Hi, > > Does anyone know how to do a unittest assert for a type? > > So If you have a program returning a Decimal, lets say Decimal("1"), and you want to make sure that what is returned is a Decimal object. > > At first I thought of importing Decimal and making my own Decimal("1") and doing an assertEquals, but this implies I know what the return type is before getting it. For new-style classes, you should be able to do type(result) is Decimal (since the class is a singleton, 'is' should work). Albert From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Tue Jul 14 15:59:19 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 15:59:19 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> Message-ID: <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> Okay, Thanks that worked. I still needed to import the Decimal class and I'm not sure that is okay. The reason why is I'm receiving the Decimal value from another program, if I already know that the value will be a Decimal why test it? Perhaps I'm getting to caught up in this test-driven development thing. Cheers, T -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > Datum: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 15:45:18 +0200 > Von: "A.T.Hofkamp" > An: Todd Matsumoto > CC: "tutor at python.org" > Betreff: Re: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type > Todd Matsumoto wrote: > > Hi, > > > > Does anyone know how to do a unittest assert for a type? > > > > So If you have a program returning a Decimal, lets say Decimal("1"), and > you want to make sure that what is returned is a Decimal object. > > > > At first I thought of importing Decimal and making my own Decimal("1") > and > doing an assertEquals, but this implies I know what the return type is > before > getting it. > > > For new-style classes, you should be able to do > > > type(result) is Decimal > > > > (since the class is a singleton, 'is' should work). > > > Albert -- GRATIS f?r alle GMX-Mitglieder: Die maxdome Movie-FLAT! Jetzt freischalten unter http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/maxdome01 From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 16:18:32 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 10:18:32 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140718w53dcc1afve10a5a13e5ba1796@mail.gmail.com> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 9:45 AM, A.T.Hofkamp wrote: > Todd Matsumoto wrote: >> >> Hi, >> >> Does anyone know how to do a unittest assert for a type? > For new-style classes, you should be able to do > > > type(result) is Decimal When possible, it's better to use assertEqual() rather than a plain assert_() because you will get a better error message on failure. If you write self.assert_(type(result) is Decimal) on failure you will get an uninformative message like "assertion failed" If you write self.assertEqual(type(result), Decimal) you will get an error more like "float != Decimal" Kent From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 16:58:32 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 10:58:32 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140758t23096c43s4c504d9632f373d2@mail.gmail.com> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 9:59 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Okay, > > Thanks that worked. > > I still needed to import the Decimal class and I'm not sure that is okay. Sure, why not? > The reason why is I'm receiving the Decimal value from another program, if I already know that the value will be a Decimal why test it? Well, why are you testing it? What was the motivation for your original question? It's fine to right a test that verifies that the other program is doing what you expect. That's all any passing test really does, is verify expected behaviour. The benefit is that if the behaviour ever changes your test will fail and you will find out. Kent From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 14 17:08:11 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 11:08:11 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] University student struggling! In-Reply-To: <1484470798.379921247583717935.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> References: <989876474.379661247583646747.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> <1484470798.379921247583717935.JavaMail.root@jaguar8.sfu.ca> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907140808t2e885ccjbae7781fdedcb178@mail.gmail.com> Forwarding to the list with my reply. Please use Reply All to respond to the list. On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 11:01 AM, Andrea Semenik wrote: > Thank you so much for your quick response. This is really the first assignment of its kind with this course, there was no warm up to get us familiar with python. the only thing we had to do was program a page that showed the current time. But that was easy because all we had to do was use time.asctime(). For this assignment this is what I have done > > import cgi > form = cgi.FieldStorage() > > # print HTTP/HTML header stuff > print "Content-type: text/html" > print > print""" > > > Colour Blend > > > > """ > print > > print "

", form["red1"].value, "

" > print "

", form["green1"].value, "

" > print "

", form["blue1"].value, "

" > print "

", form["red2"].value, "

" > print "

", form["green2"].value, "

" > print "

", form["blue2"].value, "

" > print "

", form["steps"].value, "

" > print > > > I am not sure if that is even right. My page is now showing the values that were input by the user on the previous page. But I feel like that could be the start to something. like there is another step that will then connect these values into making a color box. But I just don't know, I have been trying to read as much as I can about python, but I am overwhelmed. This is a good start. Can you modify this program to show the actual colors in a

, rather than just echoing the numbers? Kent From jcook713 at gmail.com Tue Jul 14 19:11:48 2009 From: jcook713 at gmail.com (J Cook) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 13:11:48 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... Message-ID: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> Hello, I have some autogenerated code from Selenium which I cannot figure out how to pass some command line variables to. For example I could export the same in Perl and it would be for example:


use strict;
use warnings;
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
use Test::WWW::Selenium;
use Test::More "no_plan";
use Test::Exception;

my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
                                     port => 4444,
                                     browser => "*chrome",
                                     browser_url => 	 
"http://www.google.com/" );

$sel->open_ok("/");
$sel->type_ok("q", "red sox");

I could then go in and add something like: my ($arg1) = shift || "default"; which would pick up the first command line parameter and then I could do something like: $sel->(type_ok, $arg1); All is good here, now Selenium will export the following for Python:


from selenium import selenium
import unittest, time, re

class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.verificationErrors = []
         self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", 
"http://www.google.com/")
         self.selenium.start()

     def test_new(self):
         sel = self.selenium
         sel.open("/")
         sel.type("q", "red sox")

     def tearDown(self):
         self.selenium.stop()
         self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)

if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

Now I am confused on how to pass a command line parameter here. Any suggestions? I would like to be able to run something like: $ python selenium-google-test.py "yankees" Suggestions? TIA Justin From vinces1979 at gmail.com Tue Jul 14 19:36:06 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 11:36:06 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... In-Reply-To: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is very powerful there are numerous ways to access cli variables, the quickest import sys print sys.srgv sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args ./selenium-google-test.py yankees will out put: ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] so args = sys.argv args[0] == 'yankees' True for a more functional way, check out http://docs.python.org/library/getopt.html On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 11:11 AM, J Cook wrote: > Hello, > > I have some autogenerated code from Selenium which I cannot figure out how > to pass some command line variables to. For example I could export the same > in Perl and it would be for example: > >


> use strict;
> use warnings;
> use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
> use Test::WWW::Selenium;
> use Test::More "no_plan";
> use Test::Exception;
>
> my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
>                                    port => 4444,
>                                    browser => "*chrome",
>                                    browser_url =>       "
> http://www.google.com/" );
>
> $sel->open_ok("/");
> $sel->type_ok("q", "red sox");
>

> > I could then go in and add something like: > > my ($arg1) = shift || "default"; > > which would pick up the first command line parameter and then I could do > something like: > > $sel->(type_ok, $arg1); > > All is good here, now Selenium will export the following for Python: > >


> from selenium import selenium
> import unittest, time, re
>
> class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
>    def setUp(self):
>        self.verificationErrors = []
>        self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", "
> http://www.google.com/")
>        self.selenium.start()
>
>    def test_new(self):
>        sel = self.selenium
>        sel.open("/")
>        sel.type("q", "red sox")
>
>    def tearDown(self):
>        self.selenium.stop()
>        self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
>
> if __name__ == "__main__":
>    unittest.main()
>

> > Now I am confused on how to pass a command line parameter here. Any > suggestions? I would like to be able to run something like: > > $ python selenium-google-test.py "yankees" > > Suggestions? > > > TIA > > Justin > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 14 20:09:17 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 19:09:17 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Saving class instances References: <158478C6-08DE-48CE-97EA-3508F10EDDDE@gmail.com> Message-ID: "Thomas Scrace" wrote > Good to know I wasn't being totally dense. Now that I have got the > pickle thing under my belt I am going to have a go at sqllite. Again, you might find the database topic ijn my tuorial a useful starting point for using SqlLite from Python... -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 14 20:13:46 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 19:13:46 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> Message-ID: "J Cook" wrote > Now I am confused on how to pass a command line parameter here. Any > suggestions? I would like to be able to run something like: > > $ python selenium-google-test.py "yankees" Try the Talking to the User topic in my tutorial, it includes a section on accessing command line args. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From jcook713 at gmail.com Tue Jul 14 21:36:40 2009 From: jcook713 at gmail.com (J Cook) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 15:36:40 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5CDE48.6020405@gmail.com> Ok, So I added the following:


from selenium import selenium
import unittest, time, re
import sys # added this

q = sys.argv[1] # added this
print q # added this just to see

class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.verificationErrors = []
         self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", 
"http://www.google.com/")
         self.selenium.start()

     def test_new(self):
         sel = self.selenium
         sel.open("/")
         sel.type("q", q) # this is where I want the argument to end up

     def tearDown(self):
         self.selenium.stop()
         self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)

if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

I run the following: $ python selenium-google-test.py yankees yankees Traceback (most recent call last): File "selenium-google-test.py", line 24, in unittest.main() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 816, in __init__ self.parseArgs(argv) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 843, in parseArgs self.createTests() File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 849, in createTests self.module) File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 613, in loadTestsFromNames suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names] File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 584, in loadTestsFromName parent, obj = obj, getattr(obj, part) AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'yankees' How do I get the argument over to where I need it to be? Justin vince spicer wrote: > First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is very powerful > > there are numerous ways to access cli variables, > > the quickest > > import sys > print sys.srgv > > sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args > > ./selenium-google-test.py yankees > will out put: > > ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] > > so > > args = sys.argv > > args[0] == 'yankees' > True > > for a more functional way, check out > http://docs.python.org/library/getopt.html > > > > On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 11:11 AM, J Cook > wrote: > > Hello, > > I have some autogenerated code from Selenium which I cannot figure > out how to pass some command line variables to. For example I could > export the same in Perl and it would be for example: > >


>     use strict;
>     use warnings;
>     use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
>     use Test::WWW::Selenium;
>     use Test::More "no_plan";
>     use Test::Exception;
> 
>     my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
>                                        port => 4444,
>                                        browser => "*chrome",
>                                        browser_url =>      
>     "http://www.google.com/" );
> 
>     $sel->open_ok("/");
>     $sel->type_ok("q", "red sox");
>

> > I could then go in and add something like: > > my ($arg1) = shift || "default"; > > which would pick up the first command line parameter and then I > could do something like: > > $sel->(type_ok, $arg1); > > All is good here, now Selenium will export the following for Python: > >


>     from selenium import selenium
>     import unittest, time, re
> 
>     class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
>        def setUp(self):
>            self.verificationErrors = []
>            self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome",
>     "http://www.google.com/")
>            self.selenium.start()
> 
>        def test_new(self):
>            sel = self.selenium
>            sel.open("/")
>            sel.type("q", "red sox")
> 
>        def tearDown(self):
>            self.selenium.stop()
>            self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
> 
>     if __name__ == "__main__":
>        unittest.main()
>


> from selenium import selenium
> import unittest, time, re
> import sys # added this
>
> q = sys.argv[1] # added this
> print q # added this just to see
>
> class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
>    def setUp(self):
>        self.verificationErrors = []
>        self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome", "
> http://www.google.com/")
>        self.selenium.start()
>
>    def test_new(self):
>        sel = self.selenium
>        sel.open("/")
>        sel.type("q", q) # this is where I want the argument to end up
>
>    def tearDown(self):
>        self.selenium.stop()
>        self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
>
> if __name__ == "__main__":
>    unittest.main()
>

> > I run the following: > > $ python selenium-google-test.py yankees > yankees > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "selenium-google-test.py", line 24, in > unittest.main() > File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 816, in __init__ > self.parseArgs(argv) > File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 843, in parseArgs > self.createTests() > File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 849, in createTests > self.module) > File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 613, in loadTestsFromNames > suites = [self.loadTestsFromName(name, module) for name in names] > File "/usr/lib/python2.6/unittest.py", line 584, in loadTestsFromName > parent, obj = obj, getattr(obj, part) > AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'yankees' > > How do I get the argument over to where I need it to be? > > Justin > > vince spicer wrote: > >> First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is very powerful >> >> there are numerous ways to access cli variables, >> >> the quickest >> >> import sys >> print sys.srgv >> >> sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args >> >> ./selenium-google-test.py yankees >> will out put: >> >> ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] >> >> so >> >> args = sys.argv >> >> args[0] == 'yankees' >> True >> >> for a more functional way, check out >> http://docs.python.org/library/getopt.html >> >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 11:11 AM, J Cook > jcook713 at gmail.com>> wrote: >> >> Hello, >> >> I have some autogenerated code from Selenium which I cannot figure >> out how to pass some command line variables to. For example I could >> export the same in Perl and it would be for example: >> >>


>>    use strict;
>>    use warnings;
>>    use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
>>    use Test::WWW::Selenium;
>>    use Test::More "no_plan";
>>    use Test::Exception;
>>
>>    my $sel = Test::WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
>>                                       port => 4444,
>>                                       browser => "*chrome",
>>                                       browser_url =>          "
>> http://www.google.com/" );
>>
>>    $sel->open_ok("/");
>>    $sel->type_ok("q", "red sox");
>>

>> >> I could then go in and add something like: >> >> my ($arg1) = shift || "default"; >> >> which would pick up the first command line parameter and then I >> could do something like: >> >> $sel->(type_ok, $arg1); >> >> All is good here, now Selenium will export the following for Python: >> >>


>>    from selenium import selenium
>>    import unittest, time, re
>>
>>    class NewTest(unittest.TestCase):
>>       def setUp(self):
>>           self.verificationErrors = []
>>           self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 4444, "*chrome",
>>    "http://www.google.com/")
>>           self.selenium.start()
>>
>>       def test_new(self):
>>           sel = self.selenium
>>           sel.open("/")
>>           sel.type("q", "red sox")
>>
>>       def tearDown(self):
>>           self.selenium.stop()
>>           self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)
>>
>>    if __name__ == "__main__":
>>       unittest.main()
>>

>> >> Now I am confused on how to pass a command line parameter here. Any >> suggestions? I would like to be able to run something like: >> >> $ python selenium-google-test.py "yankees" >> >> Suggestions? >> >> >> TIA >> >> Justin >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> >> -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Wed Jul 15 04:36:14 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 22:36:14 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907140758t23096c43s4c504d9632f373d2@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907140758t23096c43s4c504d9632f373d2@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5D409E.2030408@ieee.org> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 9:59 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: >> The reason why is I'm receiving the Decimal value from another program, if I already know that the value will be a Decimal why test it? >> > > How are you receiving it? File, pickle, pipe, socket, exit() return value? When I first read your question, I assumed you meant "from another module." But if it's another process, then you'd better tell us how you're actually getting the value. Maybe it's a Decimal because you just got done converting it to one. DaveA From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Wed Jul 15 08:25:11 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:25:11 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5D7647.2070000@compuscan.co.za> vince spicer wrote: > First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is very powerful > > there are numerous ways to access cli variables, > > the quickest > > import sys > print sys.srgv > > sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args > > ./selenium-google-test.py yankees > will out put: > > ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] > > so > > args = sys.argv > > args[0] == 'yankees' > True That would be false, the first argument (list index zero) is the script name. You would need to do args = sys.argv[1:] if you want to dump the filename from the list. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Wed Jul 15 08:14:48 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:14:48 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <4A5D409E.2030408@ieee.org> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907140758t23096c43s4c504d9632f373d2@mail.gmail.com> <4A5D409E.2030408@ieee.org> Message-ID: <20090715061448.32920@gmx.net> Hi, Thanks for all the comments so far. DaveA, I'm receiving the value via pyODBC, after running a query on a database. The test is to first make sure the value is a Decimal (pyODBC returns a Decimal object if what is coming from the database is a decimal type). So if I don't have a value that is a Decimal object something is wrong. Cheers, T -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > Datum: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 22:36:14 -0400 > Von: Dave Angel > An: > CC: Todd Matsumoto , tutor at python.org > Betreff: Re: Re: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type > On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 9:59 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > >> The reason why is I'm receiving the Decimal value from another program, > if I already know that the value will be a Decimal why test it? > >> > > > > > How are you receiving it? File, pickle, pipe, socket, exit() return > value? When I first read your question, I assumed you meant "from > another module." But if it's another process, then you'd better tell us > how you're actually getting the value. Maybe it's a Decimal because you > just got done converting it to one. > > DaveA -- Jetzt kostenlos herunterladen: Internet Explorer 8 und Mozilla Firefox 3 - sicherer, schneller und einfacher! http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/chbrowser From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Wed Jul 15 13:41:53 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 13:41:53 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects Message-ID: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> Hi, Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators work, and __call__ (able) objects? I'm having trouble getting my head around these techniques (concepts). Cheers, T -- Neu: GMX Doppel-FLAT mit Internet-Flatrate + Telefon-Flatrate f?r nur 19,99 Euro/mtl.!* http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/dsl02 From kent37 at tds.net Wed Jul 15 14:33:33 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:33:33 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 7:41 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Hi, > > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators work, and __call__ (able) objects? Decorators: http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/kk/00001.html Kent From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 16:19:19 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:19:19 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... In-Reply-To: <4A5D7647.2070000@compuscan.co.za> References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> <4A5D7647.2070000@compuscan.co.za> Message-ID: <1e53c510907150719u1752fc54n2f4d7df3fb1c3949@mail.gmail.com> good catch, my mistake args[1] == 'yankees' True On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 12:25 AM, Christian Witts wrote: > vince spicer wrote: > >> First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is very powerful >> >> there are numerous ways to access cli variables, >> >> the quickest >> >> import sys >> print sys.srgv >> >> sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args >> >> ./selenium-google-test.py yankees >> will out put: >> >> ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] >> >> so >> >> args = sys.argv >> >> args[0] == 'yankees' >> True >> > That would be false, the first argument (list index zero) is the script > name. You would need to do > args = sys.argv[1:] > if you want to dump the filename from the list. > > -- > Kind Regards, > Christian Witts > > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 16:20:26 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:20:26 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> simple example of calling a class class myKlass(object): On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 6:33 AM, Kent Johnson wrote: > On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 7:41 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > > Hi, > > > > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > Decorators: > http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/kk/00001.html > > Kent > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 16:22:14 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:22:14 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907150722k374d1881l69bfc1069b423629@mail.gmail.com> simple example of calling a class class myKlass(object): def __call__(self, *args, **kws): print "i was called" >> test = myKlass() >> test() >> i was called > > > > On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 6:33 AM, Kent Johnson wrote: > >> On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 7:41 AM, Todd Matsumoto >> wrote: >> > Hi, >> > >> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators >> work, and __call__ (able) objects? >> >> Decorators: >> http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/kk/00001.html >> >> Kent >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Wed Jul 15 14:24:09 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:54:09 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] just one question Message-ID: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Hi, i want to ask one thing that suppose i have a .txt file having content like:--- 47 8 ALA H H 7.85 0.02 1 48 8 ALA HA H 2.98 0.02 1 49 8 ALA HB H 1.05 0.02 1 50 8 ALA C C 179.39 0.3 1 51 8 ALA CA C 54.67 0.3 1 52 8 ALA CB C 18.85 0.3 1 53 8 ALA N N 123.95 0.3 1 107 15 ALA H H 8.05 0.02 1 108 15 ALA HA H 4.52 0.02 1 109 15 ALA HB H 1.29 0.02 1 110 15 ALA C C 177.18 0.3 1 111 15 ALA CA C 52.18 0.3 1 112 15 ALA CB C 20.64 0.3 1 113 15 ALA N N 119.31 0.3 1 154 21 ALA H H 7.66 0.02 1 155 21 ALA HA H 4.05 0.02 1 156 21 ALA HB H 1.39 0.02 1 157 21 ALA C C 179.35 0.3 1 158 21 ALA CA C 54.33 0.3 1 now what i want that i will make another .txt file in which first it will write the position of ALA lets say 8, 15, 21 then its name ALA and then the fifth column value for only three atoms C,CA and CB. Means it will be someting like: 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = if some value is not there then it will leave that as blank.I am new in python but this is what we want, so how can i do it using python script. Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 16:44:09 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:44:09 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> one way is: import re infile = open("test.txt", "r") #: open read mode outfile = open("out.tx", "w") #: open write mode for line in infile: values = re.split("\s+", line) # split values on spaces EX: ['47', '8', 'ALA', 'H', 'H', '7.85', '0.02', '1'] outfile.write("%s %s C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" % (values[1], values[2], values[5], values[6], values[7])) infile.close() outfile.close() not tested but should work Vince On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 6:24 AM, wrote: > Hi, > > i want to ask one thing that suppose i have a .txt file having content > like:--- > > > 47 8 ALA H H 7.85 0.02 1 > 48 8 ALA HA H 2.98 0.02 1 > 49 8 ALA HB H 1.05 0.02 1 > 50 8 ALA C C 179.39 0.3 1 > 51 8 ALA CA C 54.67 0.3 1 > 52 8 ALA CB C 18.85 0.3 1 > 53 8 ALA N N 123.95 0.3 1 > 107 15 ALA H H 8.05 0.02 1 > 108 15 ALA HA H 4.52 0.02 1 > 109 15 ALA HB H 1.29 0.02 1 > 110 15 ALA C C 177.18 0.3 1 > 111 15 ALA CA C 52.18 0.3 1 > 112 15 ALA CB C 20.64 0.3 1 > 113 15 ALA N N 119.31 0.3 1 > 154 21 ALA H H 7.66 0.02 1 > 155 21 ALA HA H 4.05 0.02 1 > 156 21 ALA HB H 1.39 0.02 1 > 157 21 ALA C C 179.35 0.3 1 > 158 21 ALA CA C 54.33 0.3 1 > > now what i want that i will make another .txt file in which first it will > write the position of ALA lets say 8, 15, 21 then its name ALA and then > the fifth column value for only three atoms C,CA and CB. > > Means it will be someting like: > > 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 > 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 > 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = > > if some value is not there then it will leave that as blank.I am new in > python but this is what we want, so how can i do it using python script. > > > > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cjhynes36 at hotmail.com Wed Jul 15 17:19:32 2009 From: cjhynes36 at hotmail.com (chris Hynes) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 15:19:32 +0000 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers Message-ID: I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: name=raw_input() I now want: "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) so that when I type: print Chris the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 So that I can understand this deeper, I know that "name" is just a pointer to the object "Chris". I don't want to just change the pointer to something else, like "zeros((3,3))" but I want to make "Chris" become the pointer or the name of the pointer. At least that's what I think I want. _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From roadierich at googlemail.com Wed Jul 15 17:29:53 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:29:53 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: 2009/7/15 vince spicer : > one way is: > > import re > > infile = open("test.txt", "r") #: open read mode > outfile = open("out.tx", "w") #: open write mode > > for line in infile: > ??? values = re.split("\s+", line) # split values on spaces EX: ['47', '8', > 'ALA', 'H', 'H', '7.85', '0.02', '1'] > ??? outfile.write("%s? %s C =? %s? CA =? %s CB = %s" % (values[1], > values[2], values[5], values[6], values[7])) > > infile.close() > outfile.close() > > not tested but should work > > Vince > That isn't what they're after at all. Something more like from __future__ import with_statement #only works on version 2.5 and later from collections import defaultdict from decimal import Decimal atoms = defaultdict(dict) with open("INPUT_FILENAME_HERE") as f: for line in f: n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) #modify these lines to fit your needs: positionsNeeded = (8, 15, 21) atomsNeeded = ("C", "CA", "CB") for position in positionsNeeded: print position, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" % tuple(atoms[position].get(a,"") for a in atomsNeeded) You would then call it with something like $python myscipt.py > output.txt -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From roadierich at googlemail.com Wed Jul 15 17:33:00 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:33:00 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: 2009/7/15 chris Hynes : > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > name=raw_input() > > I now want: > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > so that when I type: > > print Chris > > the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 > > So that I can understand this deeper, I know that "name" is just a pointer > to the object "Chris". I don't want to just change the pointer to something > else, like "zeros((3,3))" but I want to make "Chris" become the pointer or > the name of the pointer. At least that's what I think I want. > > ________________________________ > Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. Get it on your > BlackBerry or iPhone. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > Sorry if I've sent this twice... Why would you want to do that? The closest you can get to that is using exec, but exec is usually considered a code smell. I'd say you're trying to do the wrong thing. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From bgailer at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 17:41:29 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 11:41:29 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> chris Hynes wrote: > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > name=raw_input() > > I now want: > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) This is a FAQ. In Python one is discouraged from dynamically creating variable names. Preferred is a dictionary. names = {} # empty dictionary name=raw_input() names[name]=zeroes((3,3)) print names["Chris"] -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From jcook713 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 17:06:55 2009 From: jcook713 at gmail.com (J Cook) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 11:06:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to pass command line variables to this python code... In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907150719u1752fc54n2f4d7df3fb1c3949@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A5CBC54.5050004@gmail.com> <1e53c510907141036p29f2c86du559ce4f93d8f4aa3@mail.gmail.com> <4A5D7647.2070000@compuscan.co.za> <1e53c510907150719u1752fc54n2f4d7df3fb1c3949@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5DF08F.9090109@gmail.com> Yeah, I figured that. I got it to work thanks, but I still don't understand how exactly. Coming from Perl I am used to a more procedural type of programming. BTW - Selenium is a great tool for web testing, and the way it will translate your web clickstream into your choice of languages rocks. Justin vince spicer wrote: > good catch, my mistake > > args[1] == 'yankees' > True > > > On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 12:25 AM, Christian Witts > > wrote: > > vince spicer wrote: > > First off, selenium is a great tool and the python driver is > very powerful > > there are numerous ways to access cli variables, > > the quickest > > import sys > print sys.srgv > > sys.argv will it output a array of all command line args > > ./selenium-google-test.py yankees > will out put: > > ['selenium-google-test.py', 'yankees'] > > so > > args = sys.argv > > args[0] == 'yankees' > True > > That would be false, the first argument (list index zero) is the > script name. You would need to do > args = sys.argv[1:] > if you want to dump the filename from the list. > > -- > Kind Regards, > Christian Witts > > > From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 17:44:19 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 09:44:19 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1e53c510907150844i5278527bocfe4d747b3ffb33e@mail.gmail.com> not sure exactly why you would want to that, but you could assign attributes to a class EX: class storage: pass >> store = Storage() >> name=raw_input() >> setattr(store, name, zeros(3,3)) >> print store.Chris On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 9:19 AM, chris Hynes wrote: > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > name=raw_input() > > I now want: > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > so that when I type: > > print Chris > > the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 > > So that I can understand this deeper, I know that "name" is just a pointer > to the object "Chris". I don't want to just change the pointer to something > else, like "zeros((3,3))" but I want to make "Chris" become the pointer or > the name of the pointer. At least that's what I think I want. > > ------------------------------ > Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. Get it on your > BlackBerry or iPhone. > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From kent37 at tds.net Wed Jul 15 17:44:30 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 11:44:30 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907150844r46ab0d5ie77d4d24528bb5b6@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 11:19 AM, chris Hynes wrote: > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > name=raw_input() > > I now want: > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > so that when I type: > > print Chris > > the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 The usual way to solve this is to use a dictionary: name = raw_input() values = dict() values[name] = zeros((3, 3)) print values[name] Kent From wescpy at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 20:44:31 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 11:44:31 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907151144y4a546a03s52433635945777f5@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 8:29 AM, Rich Lovely wrote: > 2009/7/15 vince spicer : >> : >> import re >> : >> ??? values = re.split("\s+", line) # split values on spaces EX: ['47', '8', > > That isn't what they're after at all. > Something more like > : > ? ? ? ?n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() > : on a side note, i also discourage the use of regular expressions for this problem when a simpler solution like line.split() will suffice. bringing up an old jwz quote: 'Some people, when confronted with a problem, think ?I know, I'll use regular expressions.? Now they have two problems.' best regards, -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From wescpy at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 21:02:05 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 12:02:05 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907150722k374d1881l69bfc1069b423629@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150722k374d1881l69bfc1069b423629@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> >>> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators >>> > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > simple example of calling a class > > class myKlass(object): > > def __call__(self, *args, **kws): > print "i was called" > > >>> test = myKlass() > >>> test() > i was called close. the example was right, but the description wasn't accurate... you meant, "calling an instance." i'm going to plagarize and rip this right out of section 14.1.4 from "Core Python Programming:" "Python provides the __call__() special method for classes, which allows a programmer to create objects (instances) that are callable. By default, the __call__() method is not implemented, meaning that most instances are not callable. However, if this method is overridden in a class de?nition, instances of such a class are made callable. Calling such instance objects is equivalent to invoking the __call__() method. Naturally, any arguments given in the instance call are passed as arguments to __call__()." as far as decorators go, kent's tutorial is great place to start. here are 2 more articles plus PEP 318, where they were defined: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cpdecor.html http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808 http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318 in addition, i devoted section 11.3.6 of Core Python to decorators. finally, it should be mentioned that starting in 2.6, you can now decorate *classes*, as seen here in PEP 3129: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3129/ hope this helps! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 21:13:42 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 13:13:42 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150722k374d1881l69bfc1069b423629@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907151213o66e396bch761288ae616fa326@mail.gmail.com> agreed much better description, thanks On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 1:02 PM, wesley chun wrote: > >>> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators > >>> > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > > > simple example of calling a class > > > > class myKlass(object): > > > > def __call__(self, *args, **kws): > > print "i was called" > > > > >>> test = myKlass() > > >>> test() > > i was called > > > close. the example was right, but the description wasn't accurate... > you meant, "calling an instance." i'm going to plagarize and rip this > right out of section 14.1.4 from "Core Python Programming:" > > "Python provides the __call__() special method for classes, which allows a > programmer to create objects (instances) that are callable. By default, the > __call__() method is not implemented, meaning that most instances are > not callable. However, if this method is overridden in a class de?nition, > instances of such a class are made callable. Calling such instance objects > is > equivalent to invoking the __call__() method. Naturally, any arguments > given in the instance call are passed as arguments to __call__()." > > as far as decorators go, kent's tutorial is great place to start. here > are 2 more articles plus PEP 318, where they were defined: > > http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cpdecor.html > http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808 > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318 > > in addition, i devoted section 11.3.6 of Core Python to decorators. > > finally, it should be mentioned that starting in 2.6, you can now > decorate *classes*, as seen here in PEP 3129: > > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3129/ > > hope this helps! > -- wesley > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 > "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 > http://corepython.com > > wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com > python training and technical consulting > cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca > http://cyberwebconsulting.com > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Wed Jul 15 21:19:16 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 21:19:16 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <20090715191916.162090@gmx.net> hi kent, thanks, i read through the link but still haven't got my head around this concept. will read on. cheers, t -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > Datum: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 08:33:33 -0400 > Von: Kent Johnson > An: Todd Matsumoto > CC: tutor at python.org > Betreff: Re: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects > On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 7:41 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: > > Hi, > > > > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > Decorators: > http://personalpages.tds.net/~kent37/kk/00001.html > > Kent -- GRATIS f?r alle GMX-Mitglieder: Die maxdome Movie-FLAT! Jetzt freischalten unter http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/maxdome01 From ctcast at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 20:55:08 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 13:55:08 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file Message-ID: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a single text file. say I had a file with names and numbers: bob 100 sue 250 jim 300 I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines into an integer but I don't know how to iterate through all the lines and just get the integers and store them or iterate through the lines and just get the names and store them. please help. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From mindboggler12 at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 21:54:16 2009 From: mindboggler12 at gmail.com (jonathan wallis) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 15:54:16 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] help Message-ID: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> i have a duel loop that looks like this while y > 0 and x > 0: i cant figure out if there is a way to make so if one loop ends it says something different than if the other loop ends. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From motoom at xs4all.nl Wed Jul 15 23:14:36 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:14:36 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5E46BC.4060406@xs4all.nl> Chris Castillo wrote: > I don't know how to iterate through all the lines and just get the > integers and store them or iterate through the lines and just get the > names and store them. You could use the int() function to try to convert a line to an integer, and if that fails with a ValueError exception, assume that it is a name. names=[] numbers=[] for line in open("mixed.txt"): try: nr=int(line) # it's an integer numbers.append(line) except ValueError: # it's not an integer names.append(line) f=open("numbers.txt","wt") f.write("".join(numbers)) f.close() f=open("names.txt","wt") f.write("".join(names)) f.close() -- "The ability of the OSS process to collect and harness the collective IQ of thousands of individuals across the Internet is simply amazing." - Vinod Valloppillil http://www.catb.org/~esr/halloween/halloween4.html From sli1que at yahoo.com Wed Jul 15 23:10:07 2009 From: sli1que at yahoo.com (Eric Walker) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 14:10:07 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] help In-Reply-To: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> References: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <839971.53884.qm@web65412.mail.ac4.yahoo.com> > >From: jonathan wallis >To: tutor at python.org >Sent: Wednesday, July 15, 2009 12:54:16 PM >Subject: [Tutor] help > >>i have a duel loop that looks like this while y > 0 and x > 0: >i cant figure out if there is a way to make so if one loop ends it says something different than if the other loop ends. this is only one loop. Are you saying you want to know if the y went to zero or the x went to zero? From motoom at xs4all.nl Wed Jul 15 23:26:42 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 23:26:42 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] help In-Reply-To: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> References: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5E4992.5050103@xs4all.nl> jonathan wallis wrote: > i cant figure out if there is a way to make so if one loop ends it says > something different than if the other loop ends. Maybe you could use two separate tests and break out of the loop if x or y gets too low. Because the tests are separated you could say something different for each case. For example: import random x=y=9 while True: print "x is %d, y is %d" % (x,y) if x<=0: print "Loop stopped because X was too low" break if y<=0: print "Loop stopped because Y was too low" break # do something with x and y if random.random()>0.5: x-=1 else: y-=1 -- "The ability of the OSS process to collect and harness the collective IQ of thousands of individuals across the Internet is simply amazing." - Vinod Valloppillil http://www.catb.org/~esr/halloween/halloween4.html From bgailer at gmail.com Wed Jul 15 23:38:42 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 17:38:42 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> Please always reply-all so a copy goes to the list. chris Hynes wrote: > Ah, there you go, that's what I want to do, dynamically create > variable names. Then I could interactively create as many arrays as I > want to, say Chris1, Chris2, Chris3 and each of these would be > different array with different results. > > But based on what you showed me I'm going to have to at least type: > > print names["Chris"] > > as opposed to just typing: > > print Chris True. As others have pointed out you may use exec to dynamically create variables. Most Python applications pretty quickly evolve beyond simple command line interfaces. At that point dealing with dynamically created names becomes a pain. With a little finessing you can create a class instance with attributes that are names such as Chris. Then you could >>> print c.Chris -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From kent37 at tds.net Thu Jul 16 04:23:34 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 22:23:34 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> References: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907151923l6a089694q922d6f3ff99caaea@mail.gmail.com> > chris Hynes wrote: >> >> Ah, there you go, that's what I want to do, dynamically create variable >> names. Then I could interactively create as many arrays as I want to, say >> Chris1, Chris2, Chris3 and each of these would be different array with >> different results. >> >> But based on what you showed me I'm going to have to at least type: >> >> print names["Chris"] >> >> as opposed to just typing: >> >> print Chris I'm not sure you have really thought this through. The user typed "Chris", and that value is stored in 'name'. It might just as well have been "Bob" or "Kent". So you can't really say print Chris you need something like print the_thing_called(name) which you might as well spell as print values[name] Kent From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 04:33:13 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 20:33:13 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Can't transform a list of tokens into a text Message-ID: <9356b9f30907151933q64799096we74c0e03a890dc00@mail.gmail.com> Hello, I have a file that was a resulted from a POS-Tagging program, after some transformations, I wanted to restore to it's normal form. So, I used sed to remove the POS-Tags and have something like this: --- Example begins No , thanks.+ at + # this + at + I inserted to mark paragraphs, because the POS-Tagger don't keep paragraph marks He said , " No , thanks . " OK ? --- Example ends --- And I want to transform into this: No, thanks. He said, "No, thanks." OK? --- End example I tried different approaches, and dealing with the quote marks is what is defeating my attempts: I had originally this code: import cStringIO ##import string myoutput = cStringIO.StringIO() f = open(r'C:\mytools\supersed\tradunew.txt') lista = [line.strip() for line in f] punct = '!#$%)*,-.:;<=>?@/\\]^_`}~??' for i, item in enumerate(lista): if item == '"' and lista[i + 1] not in punct: myoutput.write(item) spacer = True elif '+ at +' in item: donewline = item.replace('+ at +','\n ') myoutput.write(donewline) elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: myoutput.write(item) elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: myoutput.write(item) elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: myoutput.write(item) spacer = False elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: myoutput.write(item) spacer = False elif item in '([{?': myoutput.write(item) else: myoutput.write(item + " ") newlist = myoutput.getvalue().splitlines() myoutput.close() f = open(r'C:\mytools\supersed\traducerto-k.txt', 'w') for line in newlist: f.write(line.lstrip()+'\n') f.close() #=== I tried this version to post in this forum but that gives me an error. I don't know why I don't get an error with the code above which is essentially the same: # -*- coding: cp1252 -*- result = '' lista = [ 'No', ',', 'thanks.+ at +', 'He', 'said', ',', '"', 'no', ',', 'thanks', '.', '"', 'OK', '?', 'Hi'] punct = '!#$%)*,-.:;<=>?@/\\]^_`}~??' for i, item in enumerate(lista): if item == '"' and lista[i + 1] not in punct: result +=item spacer = True elif '+ at +' in item: donewline = item.replace('+ at +','\n ') result += donewline elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: result += item elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: result += item elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: result += item spacer = False elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: result += item spacer = False elif item in '([{?': result += item else: result += (item + " ") print result #== The error is this: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\mytools\jointags-v4.py", line 17, in elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: IndexError: list index out of range I'm using python 2.6.2 with PyScripter IDE I have tried a so many variations that I'm not sure what I'm doing any more.... I'm just trying to avoid some post-processing with sed again. Thankful, Eduardo From roadierich at googlemail.com Thu Jul 16 04:34:48 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 03:34:48 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Fwd: The why In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: chris Hynes Date: 2009/7/15 Subject: The why To: roadierich at googlemail.com Well, I'm trying to create an interactive program, let's say I'm running the program, I ask the user to give the array a name, I then do some computations and store the results in that array. While I'm still running the program I might decide to create several more arrays of the same type/dimension with names of my choosing same types of computation. When I'm done, I might have several arrays created, all with different names that I have given them. In the ipython mode I could call up any of these arrays off and on again as I want to visually compare them to each other. I mean I guess what I could do is go back to my code, name the array Chris, let a calculation use x=2, save, run the program, go back in to the code, edit it so that the array is named Bob along with changing x=3, save, run the program a second time. When I'm done I'll now have two arrays, one named Chris the other Bob with different results because I changed some other input paramenters. I just now thought of maybe making one huge array, storing all the results of x=2 and use a conditional satement like if x=2, then name was Chris. But it would be so much easier if I could type print Chris or print Bob and it woulds spit out what those arrays were. > From: roadierich at googlemail.com > Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:33:00 +0100 > Subject: Re: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers > To: cjhynes36 at hotmail.com > CC: tutor at python.org > > 2009/7/15 chris Hynes : > > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ > > > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > > > name=raw_input() > > > > I now want: > > > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > > > so that when I type: > > > > print Chris > > > > the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 > > > > So that I can understand this deeper, I know that "name" is just a pointer > > to the object "Chris". I don't want to just change the pointer to something > > else, like "zeros((3,3))" but I want to make "Chris" become the pointer or > > the name of the pointer. At least that's what I think I want. > > > > ________________________________ > > Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. Get it on your > > BlackBerry or iPhone. > > _______________________________________________ > > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > > > > > Sorry if I've sent this twice... > > Why would you want to do that? > > The closest you can get to that is using exec, but exec is usually > considered a code smell. I'd say you're trying to do the wrong thing. > > -- > Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely > There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, > those who do not, and those who are off by one. ________________________________ Windows Live?: Keep your life in sync. Check it out. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From ali.jan at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 05:34:08 2009 From: ali.jan at gmail.com (Muhammad Ali) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 09:34:08 +0600 Subject: [Tutor] Can't transform a list of tokens into a text In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907151933q64799096we74c0e03a890dc00@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30907151933q64799096we74c0e03a890dc00@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <8acb5ef80907152034i56f6baeaqc6e7f6da7d919650@mail.gmail.com> Try changing all instances of list[i + 1] to list[i] On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 8:33 AM, Eduardo Vieira wrote: > #=== > I tried this version to post in this forum but that gives me an error. > I don't know why I don't get an error with the code above which is > essentially the same: > # -*- coding: cp1252 -*- > > result = '' > lista = [ > 'No', ',', 'thanks.+ at +', > 'He', 'said', ',', '"', 'no', ',', 'thanks', '.', '"', 'OK', '?', 'Hi'] > > punct = '!#$%)*,-.:;<=>?@/\\]^_`}~??' > for i, item in enumerate(lista): > > if item == '"' and lista[i + 1] not in punct: > result +=item > spacer = True > elif '+ at +' in item: > donewline = item.replace('+ at +','\n ') > result += donewline > elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: > result += item > elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: > result += item > elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: > result += item > spacer = False > elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: > result += item > spacer = False > elif item in '([{?': > result += item > else: > result += (item + " ") > > print result > > #== > The error is this: > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 244, in run_nodebug > File "C:\mytools\jointags-v4.py", line 17, in > elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: > IndexError: list index out of range > > I'm using python 2.6.2 with PyScripter IDE > I have tried a so many variations that I'm not sure what I'm doing any > more.... > I'm just trying to avoid some post-processing with sed again. > > Thankful, > > Eduardo > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- http://alitechtips.blogspot.com/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Thu Jul 16 08:08:49 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 08:08:49 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5EC3F1.7030406@compuscan.co.za> Chris Castillo wrote: > I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a single text > file. > > say I had a file with names and numbers: > > bob > 100 > sue > 250 > jim > 300 > > I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines into an integer > but I don't know how to iterate through all the lines and just get the > integers and store them or iterate through the lines and just get the > names and store them. > > please help. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > You could do it with a list comprehension >>> names = [] >>> numbers = [] >>> [numbers.append(int(line.strip())) if line.strip().isdigit() else names.append(line.strip()) for line in open('test.txt','rb') if line.strip()] [None, None, None, None, None, None] >>> names, numbers (['bob', 'sue', 'jim'], [100, 250, 300]) The list comprehension would unfold to for line in open('test.txt', 'rb'): if line.strip(): if line.strip().isdigit(): numbers.append(line.strip()) else: names.append(line.strip()) And from there you can do what you like with the lists. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From johan at accesstel.com.au Thu Jul 16 07:56:39 2009 From: johan at accesstel.com.au (Johan Geldenhuys) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 15:56:39 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements In-Reply-To: References: <20090610032630.HKZY2116.nskntotgx01p.mx.bigpond.com@JohanPC> Message-ID: <001101ca05da$32052d90$960f88b0$@com.au> I have another question about writing the xml tree to a file. Now, I have parsed and changed my xml tree, but I want to create the same tree multiple times with different values and write it to one file. Let's use this code: import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET doc = ET.parse('signal1.xml') signal_node = doc.getroot()[0] signal_node.set('name', 'Test_Name') I have this in a function and it returns the signal_node everytime I call it, but with a different values. So, How do I take the returned xml and write that to one xml file? Thanks Johan -----Original Message----- From: tutor-bounces+johan=accesstel.com.au at python.org [mailto:tutor-bounces+johan=accesstel.com.au at python.org] On Behalf Of Stefan Behnel Sent: Thursday, June 11, 2009 4:37 PM To: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements Hi, it's funny how many times I see Python users go: "I have an XML problem, so I'll use minidom." Because then they have two problems. Johan Geldenhuys wrote: > I have a rather complex XML file and I need to change some values inside > this file. > > So far I have been using minidom, but I can't find the thing I am looking > for. > > My code so far: > """ > from xml.dom import minidom > > xmlFile = 'signal1.xml' > xmlDocument = minidom.parse(xmlFile) > > SignalsNode = xmlDocument.firstChild > signalNode = SignalsNode.childNodes[1] > > signalNode.removeAttribute("name") > signalNode.setAttribute("name", "Test_Name") > signalNode.getAttribute("name") > > descElem = signalNode.childNodes[1] That is a lot of code just to say import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET doc = ET.parse('signal1.xml') signal_node = doc.getroot()[0] signal_node.set('name', 'Test_Name') > I know how to manipulate the value of the attributes, but I can't seem to > change the values of eg: "Description" description = signal_node[0] description.text = "New value" > Snippet from my XML file: > > """ > > > > - What's that "" bit? > - name="Model_X" type="Flyer"> > > Some description > > Model_X > > > > - > > normal > > Model X 1 > > > > - type="close"> > > minor > > Model X 2 > > > > > > > """ Stefan _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - http://www.avg.com Version: 8.0.138 / Virus Database: 270.12.93/2206 - Release Date: 6/27/2009 5:55 PM From tmatsumoto at gmx.net Thu Jul 16 08:09:52 2009 From: tmatsumoto at gmx.net (Todd Matsumoto) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 08:09:52 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907150533j1f89d5edwaebeb331ca97bb3a@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150720i5475bff7g4b7e4e24f8810e04@mail.gmail.com> <1e53c510907150722k374d1881l69bfc1069b423629@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <20090716060952.89850@gmx.net> Thanks guys, In the example the __call__ method has *args and **kws as arguments. Is that required? Also when, in what situation would you use callable objects? Cheers, T -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > Datum: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 12:02:05 -0700 > Von: wesley chun > An: vince spicer , tmatsumoto at gmx.net > CC: Kent Johnson , tutor at python.org > Betreff: Re: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects > >>> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how @decorators > >>> > work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > > > simple example of calling a class > > > > class myKlass(object): > > > > def __call__(self, *args, **kws): > > print "i was called" > > > > >>> test = myKlass() > > >>> test() > > i was called > > > close. the example was right, but the description wasn't accurate... > you meant, "calling an instance." i'm going to plagarize and rip this > right out of section 14.1.4 from "Core Python Programming:" > > "Python provides the __call__() special method for classes, which allows a > programmer to create objects (instances) that are callable. By default, > the > __call__() method is not implemented, meaning that most instances are > not callable. However, if this method is overridden in a class > de?nition, > instances of such a class are made callable. Calling such instance objects > is > equivalent to invoking the __call__() method. Naturally, any arguments > given in the instance call are passed as arguments to __call__()." > > as far as decorators go, kent's tutorial is great place to start. here > are 2 more articles plus PEP 318, where they were defined: > > http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cpdecor.html > http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808 > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318 > > in addition, i devoted section 11.3.6 of Core Python to decorators. > > finally, it should be mentioned that starting in 2.6, you can now > decorate *classes*, as seen here in PEP 3129: > > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3129/ > > hope this helps! > -- wesley > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 > "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 > http://corepython.com > > wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com > python training and technical consulting > cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca > http://cyberwebconsulting.com -- Jetzt kostenlos herunterladen: Internet Explorer 8 und Mozilla Firefox 3 - sicherer, schneller und einfacher! http://portal.gmx.net/de/go/atbrowser From vinces1979 at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 08:28:50 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (Vince Spicer) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 00:28:50 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects In-Reply-To: <20090716060952.89850@gmx.net> References: <20090715114153.32910@gmx.net> <78b3a9580907151202p7ec9a45bm14a4c3b043b7d989@mail.gmail.com> <20090716060952.89850@gmx.net> Message-ID: <200907160028.50789.vinces1979@gmail.com> no the __call__ function can is like any function def __call__(self, passedin): or simply def __call__(self) *args and **kws explained > http://www.saltycrane.com/blog/2008/01/how-to- use-args-and-kwargs-in-python/ On Thursday 16 July 2009 12:09:52 am Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Thanks guys, > > In the example the __call__ method has *args and **kws as arguments. Is > that required? > > Also when, in what situation would you use callable objects? > > Cheers, > > T > -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > > > Datum: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 12:02:05 -0700 > > Von: wesley chun > > An: vince spicer , tmatsumoto at gmx.net > > CC: Kent Johnson , tutor at python.org > > Betreff: Re: [Tutor] decorators, __call__ (able) objects > > > > >>> > Can some one give, or point to some good examples of how > > >>> > @decorators work, and __call__ (able) objects? > > > > > > simple example of calling a class > > > > > > class myKlass(object): > > > > > > def __call__(self, *args, **kws): > > > print "i was called" > > > > > > >>> test = myKlass() > > > >>> test() > > > > > > i was called > > > > close. the example was right, but the description wasn't accurate... > > you meant, "calling an instance." i'm going to plagarize and rip this > > right out of section 14.1.4 from "Core Python Programming:" > > > > "Python provides the __call__() special method for classes, which allows > > a programmer to create objects (instances) that are callable. By default, > > the > > __call__() method is not implemented, meaning that most instances are > > not callable. However, if this method is overridden in a class > > de?nition, > > instances of such a class are made callable. Calling such instance > > objects is > > equivalent to invoking the __call__() method. Naturally, any arguments > > given in the instance call are passed as arguments to __call__()." > > > > as far as decorators go, kent's tutorial is great place to start. here > > are 2 more articles plus PEP 318, where they were defined: > > > > http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-cpdecor.html > > http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=240808 > > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318 > > > > in addition, i devoted section 11.3.6 of Core Python to decorators. > > > > finally, it should be mentioned that starting in 2.6, you can now > > decorate *classes*, as seen here in PEP 3129: > > > > http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3129/ > > > > hope this helps! > > -- wesley > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > > "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 > > "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 > > http://corepython.com > > > > wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com > > python training and technical consulting > > cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca > > http://cyberwebconsulting.com From rabidpoobear at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 09:18:18 2009 From: rabidpoobear at gmail.com (Luke Paireepinart) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 02:18:18 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Fwd: The why In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: You need to read what dictionaries are. Essentially, any time you think "oh I need to keep separate variables for these values, but I won't know what their names are until runtime!" the correct answer is to not try to manipulate them into variables, but to use them as dictionary keys, or organize them into some other data structure that you can recall later. Quick example: x = {} import random while 1: name = raw_input("Name? ") if name.strip() == 'quit': break x[name] = random.randrange(100) print x >>> Name? bob Name? jack Name? thomas Name? quit {'thomas': 39, 'bob': 69, 'jack': 42} On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 9:34 PM, Rich Lovely wrote: > ---------- Forwarded message ---------- > From: chris Hynes > Date: 2009/7/15 > Subject: The why > To: roadierich at googlemail.com > > > Well, I'm trying to create an interactive program, let's say I'm > running the program, I ask the user to give the array a name, I then > do some computations and store the results in that array. While I'm > still running the program I might decide to create several more arrays > of the same type/dimension with names of my choosing same types of > computation. When I'm done, I might have several arrays created, all > with different names that I have given them. In the ipython mode I > could call up any of these arrays off and on again as I want to > visually compare them to each other. > > I mean I guess what I could do is go back to my code, name the array > Chris, let a calculation use x=2, save, run the program, go back in to > the code, edit it so that the array is named Bob along with changing > x=3, save, run the program a second time. When I'm done I'll now have > two arrays, one named Chris the other Bob with different results > because I changed some other input paramenters. > > I just now thought of maybe making one huge array, storing all the > results of x=2 and use a conditional satement like if x=2, then name > was Chris. But it would be so much easier if I could type print Chris > or print Bob and it woulds spit out what those arrays were. > >> From: roadierich at googlemail.com >> Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2009 16:33:00 +0100 >> Subject: Re: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers >> To: cjhynes36 at hotmail.com >> CC: tutor at python.org >> >> 2009/7/15 chris Hynes : >> > I guess I have to start somewhere to ask............ >> > >> > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: >> > >> > name=raw_input() >> > >> > I now want: >> > >> > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) >> > >> > so that when I type: >> > >> > print Chris >> > >> > the return will be an array of zero's 3x3 >> > >> > So that I can understand this deeper, I know that "name" is just a pointer >> > to the object "Chris". I don't want to just change the pointer to something >> > else, like "zeros((3,3))" but I want to make "Chris" become the pointer or >> > the name of the pointer. At least that's what I think I want. >> > >> > ________________________________ >> > Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. Get it on your >> > BlackBerry or iPhone. >> > _______________________________________________ >> > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org >> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > >> > >> >> Sorry if I've sent this twice... >> >> Why would you want to do that? >> >> The closest you can get to that is using exec, but exec is usually >> considered a code smell. I'd say you're trying to do the wrong thing. >> >> -- >> Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely >> There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, >> those who do not, and those who are off by one. > > ________________________________ > Windows Live?: Keep your life in sync. Check it out. > > > -- > Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely > There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, > those who do not, and those who are off by one. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From srilyk at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 10:29:49 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 03:29:49 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index Message-ID: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> Hi, My question is more about style/timing than anything else. In my program I'm taking a word and generating "blanks" in that word. For example, the word cat could generate: _at c_t ca_ I have two different ways I can put _ in the word: word = 'cat' ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') and # I'm not using a constant, but randomly generating where the blank appears word[:1] + '_' + word[1+1:] So, when I use the timeit module I get these results: In [78]: timeit.Timer("''.join(list('foo'))").timeit() Out[78]: 2.9940109252929688 In [80]: timeit.Timer("'foo'[:2]+'_'+'foo'[2+1:]").timeit() Out[80]: 0.63733291625976562 Quite a significant difference. So my question(s): Which method should I use/is more pythonic? Which method do you/have you used? And the ubiquitous 'Why?' Normally I would lean towards the first method because reassigning a value in a list seems more natural than string concatenation. In this particular application I'm not exactly worried about performance - on even an archaic computer I don't think one would notice. TIA for your input, Wayne -- To be considered stupid and to be told so is more painful than being called gluttonous, mendacious, violent, lascivious, lazy, cowardly: every weakness, every vice, has found its defenders, its rhetoric, its ennoblement and exaltation, but stupidity hasn?t. - Primo Levi -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Thu Jul 16 11:06:52 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:06:52 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5EEDAC.2040005@compuscan.co.za> Wayne wrote: > Hi, > > My question is more about style/timing than anything else. > > In my program I'm taking a word and generating "blanks" in that word. > For example, the word cat could generate: > _at > c_t > ca_ > > I have two different ways I can put _ in the word: > word = 'cat' > > ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') > > and > > # I'm not using a constant, but randomly generating where the blank > appears > word[:1] + '_' + word[1+1:] > > So, when I use the timeit module I get these results: > > In [78]: timeit.Timer("''.join(list('foo'))").timeit() > Out[78]: 2.9940109252929688 > > In [80]: timeit.Timer("'foo'[:2]+'_'+'foo'[2+1:]").timeit() > Out[80]: 0.63733291625976562 > > Quite a significant difference. > > So my question(s): Which method should I use/is more pythonic? Which > method do you/have you used? And the ubiquitous 'Why?' > > Normally I would lean towards the first method because reassigning a > value in a list seems more natural than string concatenation. In this > particular application I'm not exactly worried about performance - on > even an archaic computer I don't think one would notice. > > TIA for your input, > Wayne > -- > To be considered stupid and to be told so is more painful than being > called gluttonous, mendacious, violent, lascivious, lazy, cowardly: > every weakness, every vice, has found its defenders, its rhetoric, its > ennoblement and exaltation, but stupidity hasn?t. - Primo Levi > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > Strings are essentially a list already of characters. What would be slowing down your preferred method #1 would be your explicit cast to a list and then re-joining that list. Strings support item assignment so you can save quite a few cycles just doing word = 'cat' word[1] = '_' which would result in word printing 'c_t'. I'm assuming your use case would be just a call to random with bounds zero -> length of string - 1 and then using that index to replace the character with an underscore and it is much simpler and faster to just use the strings build in index and item assignment. Hope that helps. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Thu Jul 16 11:12:05 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:12:05 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907160132l2ebebd46o6815f5bd91b6cefb@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EC3F1.7030406@compuscan.co.za> <50e459210907160132l2ebebd46o6815f5bd91b6cefb@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5EEEE5.9090104@compuscan.co.za> Chris Castillo wrote: > why does your 3rd and fourth lines have brackets? > > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 1:08 AM, Christian Witts > > wrote: > > Chris Castillo wrote: > > I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a > single text file. > > say I had a file with names and numbers: > > bob > 100 > sue > 250 > jim > 300 > > I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines into an > integer but I don't know how to iterate through all the lines > and just get the integers and store them or iterate through > the lines and just get the names and store them. > > please help. > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > > You could do it with a list comprehension > > >>> names = [] > >>> numbers = [] > >>> [numbers.append(int(line.strip())) if line.strip().isdigit() > else names.append(line.strip()) for line in open('test.txt','rb') > if line.strip()] > [None, None, None, None, None, None] > >>> names, numbers > (['bob', 'sue', 'jim'], [100, 250, 300]) > > The list comprehension would unfold to > > for line in open('test.txt', 'rb'): > if line.strip(): > if line.strip().isdigit(): > numbers.append(line.strip()) > else: > names.append(line.strip()) > > And from there you can do what you like with the lists. > > -- > Kind Regards, > Christian Witts > > > >>> [numbers.append(int(line.strip())) if line.strip().isdigit() else names.append(line.strip()) for line in open('test.txt','rb') if line.strip()] [None, None, None, None, None, None] Are you referring to these lines ? If so, the reason is that for Python to recognize it as a list comprehension it needs to be wrapped in square brackets, if you were to use () instead to wrap around it it would become a generator expression (something which is incredibly powerful for larger amounts of data as it iterates when it needs to instead of pre-building everything. And the following line with the Nones on is because that is the output of the calls to .append. Normally you wouldn't see it in your application though. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Thu Jul 16 11:32:01 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:32:01 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <333efb450907160200p54ca27a7r422333c353a9ea3@mail.gmail.com> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EEDAC.2040005@compuscan.co.za> <333efb450907160200p54ca27a7r422333c353a9ea3@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5EF391.1050001@compuscan.co.za> Wayne wrote: > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 4:06 AM, Christian Witts > > wrote: > > > > Strings are essentially a list already of characters. What would > be slowing down your preferred method #1 would be your explicit > cast to a list and then re-joining that list. Strings support > item assignment so you can save quite a few cycles just doing > > word = 'cat' > word[1] = '_' > > > Not in python they don't! > In [97]: word[1]='_' > --------------------------------------------------------------------------- > TypeError Traceback (most recent call > last) > > /home/wayne/programming/python/sight_words/ in () > > TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment > > But of course I already knew that from experience :-P > > -Wayne > Whoops, early morning, lack of coffee, some deadlines on my head to blame for that. :p Rebuilding strings would be faster using concatenation than casting to list and joining, it is the method I prefer when cutting things out. I also find it looks neater and is easier to read. Also '%s%s%s' % (a[:idx], '_', a[idx+1:]) would be preferred over a[:idx] + '_' + a[idx+1:] -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From gregor.lingl at aon.at Thu Jul 16 11:22:35 2009 From: gregor.lingl at aon.at (Gregor Lingl) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:22:35 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <4A5EEDAC.2040005@compuscan.co.za> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EEDAC.2040005@compuscan.co.za> Message-ID: <4A5EF15B.3010803@aon.at> Christian Witts schrieb: > Wayne wrote: >> Hi, >> ... >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > Strings are essentially a list already of characters. What would be > slowing down your preferred method #1 would be your explicit cast to a > list and then re-joining that list. Strings support item assignment > so you can save quite a few cycles just doing > > word = 'cat' > word[1] = '_' > > which would result in word printing 'c_t'. That's simply not true in Python. Try it out! >>> word = "cat" >>> word[1] = "_" Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in word[1] = "_" TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment >>> Gregor > I'm assuming your use case would be just a call to random with bounds > zero -> length of string - 1 and then using that index to replace the > character with an underscore and it is much simpler and faster to just > use the strings build in index and item assignment. > > Hope that helps. > From stefan_ml at behnel.de Thu Jul 16 11:23:25 2009 From: stefan_ml at behnel.de (Stefan Behnel) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:23:25 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements In-Reply-To: <001101ca05da$32052d90$960f88b0$@com.au> References: <20090610032630.HKZY2116.nskntotgx01p.mx.bigpond.com@JohanPC> <001101ca05da$32052d90$960f88b0$@com.au> Message-ID: Hi, a new question usually merits a new thread. Especially after a longer time, replies to older threads tend to remain unread as people simply don't scroll down far enough to notice them. You were lucky. :) Johan Geldenhuys wrote: > I have another question about writing the xml tree to a file. > > Now, I have parsed and changed my xml tree, but I want to create the same > tree multiple times with different values and write it to one file. > > > Let's use this code: > > import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET > doc = ET.parse('signal1.xml') > signal_node = doc.getroot()[0] > signal_node.set('name', 'Test_Name') > > I have this in a function and it returns the signal_node everytime I call > it, but with a different values. > > So, How do I take the returned xml and write that to one xml file? I'm not sure what you mean here. Do you mean: "multiple XML trees into a single file"? Or each in its own file? BTW, you don't need to re-parse the tree if all you want is to modify it and write it back out. You can either keep changing the tree and write it out multiple times, or deep-copy it (or parts of it) and start over for each step. Although I guess that parsing might be faster than deep-copying, especially for ElementTree. Stefan From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Thu Jul 16 11:51:29 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:51:29 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907160225w3b49430dy1e853e24e461b38@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EC3F1.7030406@compuscan.co.za> <50e459210907160132l2ebebd46o6815f5bd91b6cefb@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EEEE5.9090104@compuscan.co.za> <50e459210907160225w3b49430dy1e853e24e461b38@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5EF821.2090800@compuscan.co.za> Chris Castillo wrote: > Oh okay. gotcha. > so I have what I want basically. I just need to check to see if each > number meets a certain criteria and output something like the > following to a text file. Should I be going about this a different way > or should I still use lists? > > bob below average > sue above average > jim perfect > > > > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 4:12 AM, Christian Witts > > wrote: > > Chris Castillo wrote: > > why does your 3rd and fourth lines have brackets? > > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 1:08 AM, Christian Witts > > >> wrote: > > Chris Castillo wrote: > > I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a > single text file. > > say I had a file with names and numbers: > > bob > 100 > sue > 250 > jim > 300 > > I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines > into an > integer but I don't know how to iterate through all the > lines > and just get the integers and store them or iterate through > the lines and just get the names and store them. > > please help. > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > > > > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > You could do it with a list comprehension > > >>> names = [] > >>> numbers = [] > >>> [numbers.append(int(line.strip())) if > line.strip().isdigit() > else names.append(line.strip()) for line in > open('test.txt','rb') > if line.strip()] > [None, None, None, None, None, None] > >>> names, numbers > (['bob', 'sue', 'jim'], [100, 250, 300]) > > The list comprehension would unfold to > > for line in open('test.txt', 'rb'): > if line.strip(): > if line.strip().isdigit(): > numbers.append(line.strip()) > else: > names.append(line.strip()) > > And from there you can do what you like with the lists. > > -- Kind Regards, > Christian Witts > > > > >>> [numbers.append(int(line.strip())) if line.strip().isdigit() > else names.append(line.strip()) for line in open('test.txt','rb') > if line.strip()] > [None, None, None, None, None, None] > > Are you referring to these lines ? > If so, the reason is that for Python to recognize it as a list > comprehension it needs to be wrapped in square brackets, if you > were to use () instead to wrap around it it would become a > generator expression (something which is incredibly powerful for > larger amounts of data as it iterates when it needs to instead of > pre-building everything. And the following line with the Nones on > is because that is the output of the calls to .append. Normally > you wouldn't see it in your application though. > > -- > Kind Regards, > Christian Witts > > > Ok, I see what you want to do now. The best case for this would be to unfold it into a proper loop instead to maintain readability Name = None Number = None fOut = open('output.txt', 'wb') for line in open('test.txt', 'rb'): line = line.strip() if line: if line.isdigit(): Number = int(line) # Do whatever processing you want now else: Name = line if Name and Number: # Checks to see if Name, Number have values fOut.write('%s\t%s\r\n' % (Name, Number)) Name, Number = None, None # This is done so that you have to have a name and number # before writing to the file, it also then resets the # state of Name, Number to None before continuing fOut.close() What this will do is read in the file a line at a time, if the line is empty is continues to the next one without processing. If the line contains data it will check if it's numeric and if so populate the Number variable and if non-numeric populate the Name variable (gross assumption that it would indeed be a name and not something arbitrary like punctuation etc). Once both variables have been set that data would be written out to file for storing. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From stevenbird1 at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 04:38:53 2009 From: stevenbird1 at gmail.com (Steven Bird) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 12:38:53 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] [nltk-users] Can't transform a list of tokens into a text In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907151933q64799096we74c0e03a890dc00@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30907151933q64799096we74c0e03a890dc00@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <97e4e62e0907151938u675a9a77i18610015ff23f03e@mail.gmail.com> 2009/7/16 Eduardo Vieira : > > Hello, I have a file that was a resulted from a POS-Tagging program, > after some transformations, I wanted to restore to it's normal form. > So, I used sed to remove the POS-Tags and have something like this: Please show us some output from the POS-Tagging program (before the sed processing). -Steven Bird From andreengels at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 12:44:13 2009 From: andreengels at gmail.com (Andre Engels) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 12:44:13 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <4A5EF15B.3010803@aon.at> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> <4A5EEDAC.2040005@compuscan.co.za> <4A5EF15B.3010803@aon.at> Message-ID: <6faf39c90907160344j44899828qdf57af78e79e1349@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 11:22 AM, Gregor Lingl wrote: > That's simply not true in Python. Try it out! > >>>> word = "cat" >>>> word[1] = "_" > Traceback (most recent call last): > ?File "", line 1, in > ? word[1] = "_" > TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment And the reason for that, undoubtedly, is that strings are immutable. -- Andr? Engels, andreengels at gmail.com From kent37 at tds.net Thu Jul 16 12:45:45 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 06:45:45 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Fwd: The why In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907160345g261123c4x7c77ad099eea365a@mail.gmail.com> > From: chris Hynes > Date: 2009/7/15 > Subject: The why > To: roadierich at googlemail.com > > > Well, I'm trying to create an interactive program, let's say I'm > running the program, I ask the user to give the array a name, I then > do some computations and store the results in that array. While I'm > still running the program I might decide to create several more arrays > of the same type/dimension with names of my choosing same types of > computation. When I'm done, I might have several arrays created, all > with different names that I have given them. In the ipython mode I > could call up any of these arrays off and on again as I want to > visually compare them to each other. You could write your program as a library with functions that create your arrays. For example in myfuncs.py put: def make_zeros(): return zeros((3,3)) Then in ipython: from myfuncs import * # usually import * is discouraged but this is a reasonable use chris = make_zeros() bob = make_zeros() etc. Kent Please Reply All to reply to the list. From kent37 at tds.net Thu Jul 16 12:50:31 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 06:50:31 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907160350t51f2531bjb167b192b747a248@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 4:29 AM, Wayne wrote: > Hi, > > My question is more about style/timing than anything else. > > In my program I'm taking a word and generating "blanks" in that word. For > example, the word cat could generate: > _at > c_t > ca_ > > I have two different ways I can put _ in the word: > word = 'cat' > > ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') Not in any Python I ever used... In [1]: word = 'cat' In [2]: In [3]: ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') ------------------------------------------------------------ File "", line 1 SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression (, line 1) > > and > > # I'm not using a constant, but randomly generating where the blank appears > word[:1] + '_' + word[1+1:] > > So, when I use the timeit module I get these results: > > In [78]: timeit.Timer("''.join(list('foo'))").timeit() > Out[78]: 2.9940109252929688 > > In [80]: timeit.Timer("'foo'[:2]+'_'+'foo'[2+1:]").timeit() > Out[80]: 0.63733291625976562 > > Quite a significant difference. > > So my question(s): Which method should I use/is more pythonic? Which method > do you/have you used? And the ubiquitous 'Why?' Um, the second method is faster and has the advantage of working :-) Seems like a no-brainer to me! Kent From roadierich at googlemail.com Thu Jul 16 12:56:46 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:56:46 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: <25432.210.212.36.65.1247720486.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> <9887.210.212.36.65.1247680711.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <25432.210.212.36.65.1247720486.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: 2009/7/16 : > Thanks for your help I tried your commands like:--- > > from __future__ import with_statement #only works on version 2.5 and later > from collections import defaultdict > from decimal import Decimal > > atoms = defaultdict(dict) > > with open("file1.txt") as f: > ? ?for line in f: > ? ? ? ?n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() > ? ? ? ?atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) > ? ? ? ?atomsNeeded = ("C", "CA", "CB") > > for k, v in atoms.iteritems(): > ? ?print k, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" %tuple(v.get(a,"") for a in > atomsNeeded) > > but it is giving error like:---- > > Traceback (most recent call last): > ?File "a1.py", line 9, in > ? ?n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() > ValueError: need more than 0 values to unpack > > What I should do. > > > >> 2009/7/15 ?: >>> It is working but the only problem is that it is not taking the values >>> of >>> C, CA and CB from fifth column in front of them i tried in this way >>> like: >>> >>>>>> from __future__ import with_statement >>>>>> from collections import defaultdict >>>>>> from decimal import Decimal >>>>>> atoms = defaultdict(dict) >>>>>> with open("file1.txt") as f: >>> ... ? ? ?for line in f: >>> ... ? ? ? ? ?n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() >>> ... ? ? ? ? ?atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) >>> ... ? ? ? ? ?positionsNeeded = (8, 15, 21) >>> ... ? ? ? ? ?atomsNeeded = ("C", "CA", "CB") >>> ... ? ? ? ? ?for position in positionsNeeded: >>> ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ?print position, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" % >>> tuple(atoms[position].get(a,"values[5]") for a in atomsNeeded) >>> ... >>> 8 ALA C = values[5] CA = values[5] CB = values[5] >>> 15 ALA C = values[5] CA = values[5] CB = values[5] >>> 21 ALA C = values[5] CA = values[5] CB = values[5] >>> Traceback (most recent call last): >>> ?File "", line 3, in >>> ValueError: need more than 0 values to unpack >>> >>> I want that whatever be the corresponding value of C,CA and CB is there >>> in >>> 5th column it will write that, and one more thing that the input file i >>> am >>> having is very big so i can't its 5th column values, but position it >>> should mention >>> >>> so if my file is something like this:--- >>> >>> Amrita Kumari >>> Research Fellow >>> IISER Mohali >>> Chandigarh >>> INDIA >>> >>> >> >> So what you're saying, (I think) is you don't want to have the >> positionsNeeded line. >> >> The problem with the code you tried, is that you've got the last for >> loop indented, whereas it wasn't in my code. ?You have also changed "" >> into "values[5]", and you wonder why it's appearing in your output? >> >> Change the final for loop to the following, and it will do what I >> think you want it to do. >> >> for k, v in atoms.iteritems(): >> ? ? print k, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" %tuple(v.get(a,"") for a in >> atomsNeeded) >> >> Make sure it is at the left hand margin, with no spaces before the "for". >> >> Otherwise, think carefully about what you want your program to do, and >> how you can explain it, because I'm not sure anyone here really knows >> what you want your code to do. >> >> Also, please don't fill up the email with any more examples of input >> and output. ?We've seen it three times now, I think we know what it >> should look like in that sense. >> >> -- >> Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely >> There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, >> those who do not, and those who are off by one. >> > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > That sounds like there is a blank line in the input file. Therefire it should be safe to catch the exception and ignore it. Change the top of the with/for blocks as follows: with open("file1.txt") as f: for line in f: try: n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() except ValueError: continue else: atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From roadierich at googlemail.com Thu Jul 16 14:18:33 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 13:18:33 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: <17854.210.212.36.65.1247745207.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> <9887.210.212.36.65.1247680711.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <25432.210.212.36.65.1247720486.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <17854.210.212.36.65.1247745207.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: Please use reply-all, so that emails go to the list as well. 2009/7/16 : > Thankyou for help it is working and giving the result but the only problem > is that it is making a very big file as it is searching for each position > of ALA and first writting its C value then CA then CB like that, is it > possible that it will do all these things but in the output it will give > only the possible of C, CA and CB for each position of ALA:.. > > Like instead of giving all these:--- > > 23 ALA C = ?CA = ?CB = > 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 > 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 > 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 > 23 ALA C = ?CA = ?CB = > 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 > ..... > > it will only give:---- > > 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 > 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 > 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 > 23 ALA C = 179.93 CA = 55.84 CB = 17.55 > 33 ALA C = 179.24 CA = 55.58 CB = 19.75 > 38 ALA C = 178.95 CA = 54.33 CB = 18.30 > > > Thanks, > Amrita > > > > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > Either you're not entering the code correctly, or the input file is different to what you've shown us so far. I think you need to send me a copy of the input file - or at least a larger sample than we've had so far so we can see what we're dealing with. The code should be: from __future__ import with_statement from collections import defaultdict from decimal import Decimal atoms = defaultdict(dict) with open("file1.txt") as f: for line in f: try: n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() except ValueError: continue else: atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) #modify these lines to fit your needs: positionsNeeded = (8, 15, 21) atomsNeeded = ("C", "CA", "CB") for k, v in atoms.iteritems(): print k, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" % tuple(v.get(a,"") for a in atomsNeeded) Check you've got the indentation (the spaces at the start of lines) correct, exactly how it is above: this is VERY important in python. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From srilyk at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 14:45:14 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 07:45:14 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Replace a character by index In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907160350t51f2531bjb167b192b747a248@mail.gmail.com> References: <333efb450907160129p2e89b8c7k4027bcdaa9bdb238@mail.gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907160350t51f2531bjb167b192b747a248@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907160545n4d78a8f3s2c35753bd2da6569@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 5:50 AM, Kent Johnson wrote: > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 4:29 AM, Wayne wrote:> I have > two different ways I can put _ in the word: > > word = 'cat' > > > > ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') > > Not in any Python I ever used... > In [1]: word = 'cat' > > In [2]: > > In [3]: ''.join(list(word)[1] = '_') > ------------------------------------------------------------ > File "", line 1 > SyntaxError: keyword can't be an expression (, line 1) > Um, the second method is faster and has the advantage of working :-) whoops! What I meant to say was something a bit more like: word = list(word) word[1] = '_' word = ''.join(word) But that's a bit harder to put in a timer so I just used ''.join(list('foo')) Evidently my early morning translation for brevity also translated out successful syntax, doh! -Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cjhynes36 at hotmail.com Thu Jul 16 16:38:36 2009 From: cjhynes36 at hotmail.com (chris Hynes) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 14:38:36 +0000 Subject: [Tutor] interactive naming of pointers In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907151923l6a089694q922d6f3ff99caaea@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907151923l6a089694q922d6f3ff99caaea@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: Yeah, I'm not sure if I'm explaining myself well or maybe I'm just trying to make the code too interactive. in my code I would type something like: x=zeros((3,3)) so the pointer called "x" is created by the programmer, but within the code. What if I wanted to prompt my keyboard user to type in a word, like "Chris" and then the program would create: Chris=zeros((3,3)) Whatever code could make this happen I could loop through it several times, create various array names, and when the operator was done, they would have several arrays created with names of their choosing. When I'm in ipython mode, I would have to type Chris=zeros((3,3)), then Bob=zeros((3,3)) and then Kent=zero((3,3)), three separate statements (and gosh what if I wanted more than just these three?). I want my user to create names for their pointers instead of it already being in the code. > I'm not sure you have really thought this through. The user typed > "Chris", and that value is stored in 'name'. It might just as well > have been "Bob" or "Kent". So you can't really say > print Chris > you need something like > print the_thing_called(name) > which you might as well spell as > print values[name] > > Kent _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From johan at accesstel.com.au Thu Jul 16 14:07:22 2009 From: johan at accesstel.com.au (Johan Geldenhuys) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 22:07:22 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements and writing to a file In-Reply-To: References: <20090610032630.HKZY2116.nskntotgx01p.mx.bigpond.com@JohanPC> <001101ca05da$32052d90$960f88b0$@com.au> Message-ID: <002e01ca060d$fa1aead0$ee50c070$@com.au> Thanks Stefan (decided to continue with a new thread name), I basically wants to create a loop that creates a tree, appends it to the previous tree and write it all to one file...If that makes sense. At the moment my tree is something like this: """ WhatEver """ Now I want to read a dictionary from somewhere and put new values in the name and description. I know how to do that. Now I want to create a loop that creates a new tree: """ HowDee """ Now I want to append these to the data I want to write to a single xml file. """ WhatEver HowDee """ I was thinking of creating a new root element and appending each as a subelement and then writing the root element to the file... I just need some pointers on how to do that. Thanks Johan -----Original Message----- From: tutor-bounces+johan=accesstel.com.au at python.org [mailto:tutor-bounces+johan=accesstel.com.au at python.org] On Behalf Of Stefan Behnel Sent: Thursday, July 16, 2009 7:23 PM To: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements Hi, a new question usually merits a new thread. Especially after a longer time, replies to older threads tend to remain unread as people simply don't scroll down far enough to notice them. You were lucky. :) Johan Geldenhuys wrote: > I have another question about writing the xml tree to a file. > > Now, I have parsed and changed my xml tree, but I want to create the same > tree multiple times with different values and write it to one file. > > > Let's use this code: > > import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET > doc = ET.parse('signal1.xml') > signal_node = doc.getroot()[0] > signal_node.set('name', 'Test_Name') > > I have this in a function and it returns the signal_node everytime I call > it, but with a different values. > > So, How do I take the returned xml and write that to one xml file? I'm not sure what you mean here. Do you mean: "multiple XML trees into a single file"? Or each in its own file? BTW, you don't need to re-parse the tree if all you want is to modify it and write it back out. You can either keep changing the tree and write it out multiple times, or deep-copy it (or parts of it) and start over for each step. Although I guess that parsing might be faster than deep-copying, especially for ElementTree. Stefan _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.387 / Virus Database: 270.13.16/2240 - Release Date: 07/15/09 17:58:00 From stefan_ml at behnel.de Thu Jul 16 17:07:00 2009 From: stefan_ml at behnel.de (Stefan Behnel) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 17:07:00 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] XML: changing value of elements and writing to a file In-Reply-To: <002e01ca060d$fa1aead0$ee50c070$@com.au> References: <20090610032630.HKZY2116.nskntotgx01p.mx.bigpond.com@JohanPC> <001101ca05da$32052d90$960f88b0$@com.au> <002e01ca060d$fa1aead0$ee50c070$@com.au> Message-ID: Johan Geldenhuys wrote: > Thanks Stefan (decided to continue with a new thread name), ... which isn't quite enough. As long as you reply to the mail, e-mail/news readers will still sort it into the original thread, so many people will not see it. > I basically wants to create a loop that creates a tree, appends it to the > previous tree and write it all to one file...If that makes sense. > > At the moment my tree is something like this: > """ > > WhatEver > > """ > > Now I want to read a dictionary from somewhere and put new values in the > name and description. I know how to do that. Now I want to create a loop > that creates a new tree: > """ > > HowDee > > """ > > Now I want to append these to the data I want to write to a single xml file. > > """ > > WhatEver > > > HowDee > > """ > > I was thinking of creating a new root element and appending each as a > subelement and then writing the root element to the file... That's exactly the right thing since XML requires a single root element. You can do it like this: root = ET.Element("newroot") for key, value in some_dict.iteritems(): signal = ET.SubElement(root, "Signal", name=key) ET.SubElement(signal, "Description").text = value Reading this might help: http://effbot.org/zone/element.htm http://codespeak.net/lxml/tutorial.html#the-element-class Stefan From digitalman66 at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 15:26:53 2009 From: digitalman66 at gmail.com (Glen Zangirolami) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 08:26:53 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> All lines that come back from a text file come back as strings. You can use string methods to detect the data like so: f = open('test.txt') lines = f.readlines() numbers = [] strings = [] for line in lines: if line.strip().isdigit(): numbers.append(int(line)) else: strings.append(line.strip()) print numbers print strings On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 1:55 PM, Chris Castillo wrote: > I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a single text > file. > > say I had a file with names and numbers: > > bob > 100 > sue > 250 > jim > 300 > > I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines into an integer but > I don't know how to iterate through all the lines and just get the integers > and store them or iterate through the lines and just get the names and store > them. > > please help. > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 18:22:51 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 11:22:51 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] interactive naming of pointers In-Reply-To: References: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907151923l6a089694q922d6f3ff99caaea@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907160922x51970ccfx54d0f3d2781ad779@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 9:38 AM, chris Hynes wrote: > Yeah, I'm not sure if I'm explaining myself well or maybe I'm just trying > to make the code too interactive. > > in my code I would type something like: > > x=zeros((3,3)) > > so the pointer called "x" is created by the programmer, but within the > code. What if I wanted to prompt my keyboard user to type in a word, like > "Chris" and then the program would create: > > Chris=zeros((3,3)) > > Whatever code could make this happen I could loop through it several times, > create various array names, and when the operator was done, they would have > several arrays created with names of their choosing. When I'm in ipython > mode, I would have to type Chris=zeros((3,3)), then Bob=zeros((3,3)) and > then Kent=zero((3,3)), three separate statements (and gosh what if I wanted > more than just these three?). I want my user to create names for their > pointers instead of it already being in the code. > That's what a dictionary effectively does. In [1]: grid = {} In [3]: grid['chris'] = [1, 2, 3] In [4]: grid['bob'] = [3, 2, 1] In [5]: def func(grid): ...: value = raw_input("Enter the name: ") ...: grid[value] = [1,1,1] ...: ...: In [6]: grid Out[6]: {'bob': [3, 2, 1], 'chris': [1, 2, 3]} In [7]: func(grid) Enter the name: Mr. Mann In [8]: grid Out[8]: {'Mr. Mann': [1, 1, 1], 'bob': [3, 2, 1], 'chris': [1, 2, 3]} In [9]: grid['bob'] Out[9]: [3, 2, 1] The key values are unique, just like they would be if you declared them as: chris = [1,2,3] Of course I suppose if you REALLY wanted to use the provided names as variables you could do something that is both pointless and insane: def use_variable(): vname = raw_input("Enter the name of the variable: ") value = raw_input("Enter the value: ") f = open('insane.py', 'w') f.write(vname+'='+value) f.close() use_variable() from insane import * Tested: In [11]: use_var() Enter the var name: foo Enter the value: 'bar' In [12]: from insane import * In [13]: foo Out[13]: 'bar' But really, never, ever do this even if it's possible. I can't think of one single reason that it would be a) a good idea, or b) necessary. Of course I may be wrong and there is a single reason, but your case is not it. > Whatever code could make this happen I could loop through it several times, create various array names, and when the operator > > was done, they would have several arrays created with names of their choosing. It's been stated several times in several ways that dictionaries do this. So use a dictionary! -Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Thu Jul 16 18:28:41 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 21:58:41 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] just one question In-Reply-To: References: <21219.210.212.36.65.1247660649.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1e53c510907150744g3494a2fdgc9684f6e91771539@mail.gmail.com> <9887.210.212.36.65.1247680711.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <25432.210.212.36.65.1247720486.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <17854.210.212.36.65.1247745207.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <18376.210.212.36.65.1247761721.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Thankyou very much sir now it is working......it is giving that result which i wanted. Thankyou very much.......... Thanks, Amrita > Please use reply-all, so that emails go to the list as well. > > 2009/7/16 : >> Thankyou for help it is working and giving the result but the only >> problem >> is that it is making a very big file as it is searching for each >> position >> of ALA and first writting its C value then CA then CB like that, is it >> possible that it will do all these things but in the output it will give >> only the possible of C, CA and CB for each position of ALA:.. >> >> Like instead of giving all these:--- >> >> 23 ALA C = ?CA = ?CB = >> 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 >> 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 >> 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 >> 23 ALA C = ?CA = ?CB = >> 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 >> ..... >> >> it will only give:---- >> >> 8 ALA C = 179.39 CA = 54.67 CB = 18.85 >> 15 ALA C = 177.18 CA = 52.18 CB = 20.64 >> 21 ALA C = 179.35 CA = 54.33 CB = 17.87 >> 23 ALA C = 179.93 CA = 55.84 CB = 17.55 >> 33 ALA C = 179.24 CA = 55.58 CB = 19.75 >> 38 ALA C = 178.95 CA = 54.33 CB = 18.30 >> >> >> Thanks, >> Amrita >> >> >> >> >> >> Amrita Kumari >> Research Fellow >> IISER Mohali >> Chandigarh >> INDIA >> >> > > Either you're not entering the code correctly, or the input file is > different to what you've shown us so far. > > I think you need to send me a copy of the input file - or at least a > larger sample than we've had so far so we can see what we're dealing > with. > > The code should be: > > from __future__ import with_statement > from collections import defaultdict > from decimal import Decimal > > atoms = defaultdict(dict) > > with open("file1.txt") as f: > for line in f: > try: > n, pos, ala, at, symb, weight, rad, count = line.split() > except ValueError: > continue > else: > atoms[int(pos)][at] = Decimal(weight) > > #modify these lines to fit your needs: > positionsNeeded = (8, 15, 21) > atomsNeeded = ("C", "CA", "CB") > > for k, v in atoms.iteritems(): > print k, "ALA C = %s CA = %s CB = %s" % tuple(v.get(a,"") for a in > atomsNeeded) > > Check you've got the indentation (the spaces at the start of lines) > correct, exactly how it is above: this is VERY important in python. > > -- > Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely > There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, > those who do not, and those who are off by one. > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Thu Jul 16 20:25:51 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 19:25:51 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers References: Message-ID: "chris Hynes" wrote > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > name=raw_input() > > I now want: > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > so that when I type: > > print Chris This is a common misapprehension by beginners. But let me ask you something. Since you will be writing your program code, including the print Chris line, how will you know in advance what names your userrs are going to input? I think you will find it easier to create a dictiobnary of user names with their associated values: name = raw_input() names[name] = value name = raw_input("Which name was it?") print names[name] or even: for name in names: print names[name] HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From ctcast at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 20:20:01 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 13:20:01 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> *so far I have this and the format is what i want:* ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Set all necessary variables name = None fileOut = open('outputFile.txt', 'w') total = 0 averageScore = 0 numofScores = 0 score = 0 # Header for output file fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 40) + "\n") # Iterate line by line through file to get names and their corresponding scores for line in open('bowlingscores.txt', 'r'): line = line.strip() if line: if line.isdigit(): score = int(line) numofScores += 1 total += score averageScore = total / numofScores # Get average score # Decides where bowler stands compared to the average score if score < averageScore: score = "\tBelow average" elif score > averageScore and score != 300: score = "\tAbove average!" elif score == 300: score = "\tPerfect score!" else: name = line # Checks to see if name and score have values if name and score: fileOut.write('%s\t%s\r\n' % (name, score)) name, score = None, None fileOut.close() ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *the problem is that it's not comparing the first bowler's score to the average score and the output file looks like this: * Bowling Report ---------------------------------------- David 120 Hector Perfect score! Mary Below average * is the logic in my if-elif statements wrong or is it just skipping the first bowler's score? * On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 8:26 AM, Glen Zangirolami wrote: > All lines that come back from a text file come back as strings. You can use > string methods to detect the data like so: > f = open('test.txt') > lines = f.readlines() > numbers = [] > strings = [] > > for line in lines: > if line.strip().isdigit(): > numbers.append(int(line)) > else: > strings.append(line.strip()) > > print numbers > print strings > > > > On Wed, Jul 15, 2009 at 1:55 PM, Chris Castillo wrote: > >> I'm having some trouble reading multiple data types from a single text >> file. >> >> say I had a file with names and numbers: >> >> bob >> 100 >> sue >> 250 >> jim >> 300 >> >> I have a few problems. I know how to convert the lines into an integer but >> I don't know how to iterate through all the lines and just get the integers >> and store them or iterate through the lines and just get the names and store >> them. >> >> please help. >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cjhynes36 at hotmail.com Thu Jul 16 20:58:21 2009 From: cjhynes36 at hotmail.com (chris Hynes) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 18:58:21 +0000 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: That's just it, you won't know in advance what names the user will type in. Maybe I mean to say dynamically create pointers. For instance, In the morning, I might be working with data regarding methanol and do several iterations and save those iterations in separate arrays with some type of methanol basename (I guess I could just save everything in a huge multidimensional array but it helps me to compartmentalize in to separate smaller arrays by name), later that afternoon I might we doing some formaldehyde calculations so I want those arrays to have some kind of aldehyde name associated with it. I could recall an earlier methanol array that was created. I could go back in to my code and change names. Or I thought I could just leave my program running and just keep on typing in new names as I need them, kind of like giving birth to as many arrays with whatever names as I see fit. Several people have suggested I use dictionary function, and I'll probably do that. Hmmm, is it possible to concantenate a raw_input on to a pointer? Oh well, in the end I think I'm just going to create a mutidimensional array and just access sub parts of it as I need to. Thanks for your help. > To: tutor at python.org > From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com > Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 19:25:51 +0100 > Subject: Re: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers > > > "chris Hynes" wrote > > > I want the user to input a name, say "Chris". I know I can use the code: > > > > name=raw_input() > > > > I now want: > > > > "Chris"=zeros((3,3)) > > > > so that when I type: > > > > print Chris > > > This is a common misapprehension by beginners. > But let me ask you something. Since you will be writing your > program code, including the > > print Chris > > line, how will you know in advance what names your userrs are > going to input? > > I think you will find it easier to create a dictiobnary of user names > with their associated values: > > name = raw_input() > names[name] = value > > name = raw_input("Which name was it?") > print names[name] > > or even: > > for name in names: > print names[name] > > HTH, > > > -- > Alan Gauld > Author of the Learn to Program web site > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From lie.1296 at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 22:33:17 2009 From: lie.1296 at gmail.com (Lie Ryan) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 06:33:17 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] help In-Reply-To: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> References: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: jonathan wallis wrote: > i have a duel loop that looks like this while y > 0 and x > 0: > i cant figure out if there is a way to make so if one loop ends it says > something different than if the other loop ends. > while x > 0 or y > 0: ... if x > 0: print 'x is greater than 0' elif y > 0: print 'y is greater than 0' print 'what should happen when both x>0 and y>0 is true?' From pedrooconnell at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 22:55:16 2009 From: pedrooconnell at gmail.com (pedro) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 16:55:16 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] pyparsing complex search Message-ID: Hi, well mabe it's not so complex (just for me). I have this code which works fine: #start########################################################### from pyparsing import * data = """23 different size pry bars hammer the pitchfork pound felt paper staple the felt paper every to inches staple hammer""" def reportACertainWord( st , locn , toks ): theWord = toks[0] if theWord == Word(nums): print "Found '%s' on line %d at column %d" % (theWord, lineno( locn , st ), col( locn , st )) print "The full line of text was:" print "'%s'" % line( locn , st ) print (" "*col( locn , st ))+" ^" print returnedWords = Word(alphanums).setParseAction( reportACertainWord ) OneOrMore(returnedWords).parseString(data) #end################################################################ But what I want to search for is any number plus the word after it. I thought the following code would do it but it doesn't (I only changed the if line). Any help would be appreciated. Pete #start########################################################### from pyparsing import * data = """23 different size pry bars hammer the pitchfork pound felt paper staple the felt paper every to inches staple hammer""" def reportACertainWord( st , locn , toks ): theWord = toks[0] if theWord == Word(nums) + Word( alphas ): print "Found '%s' on line %d at column %d" % (theWord, lineno( locn , st ), col( locn , st )) print "The full line of text was:" print "'%s'" % line( locn , st ) print (" "*col( locn , st ))+" ^" print returnedWords = Word(alphanums).setParseAction( reportACertainWord ) OneOrMore(returnedWords).parseString(data) #end################################################################ From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 22:56:47 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 14:56:47 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Reconstructing phrases from tagged text Message-ID: <9356b9f30907161356o661d29c4l8e41883364b5e9e2@mail.gmail.com> Hello, I'm scratching my head into solving a problem of transforming a POS-Tagged text in a normal text. My biggest problem is that I can't get the quotes to be placed properly. I had tried a different approach but was advised in the nltk list to use this example, but it does not solve the quoting problem... #== Here's the sample code === # -*- coding: cp1252 -*- input = """Titelman NOM riu-se V+P rir em PRP em seu ADJ seu t?pico ADJ t?pico modo NOM modo grosseiro ADJ grosseiro e CONJ e respondeu V responder : SENT : " QUOTE " Voc? P voc? prende V prender a DET a criminosos NOM criminoso e CONJ e a DET a pessoas NOM pessoa m?s ADJ mau , VIRG , mas CONJ mas eu P eu deten??o NOM deten??o s? ADJ s? aos PRP+DET a anabatistas NOM , VIRG , quem PR quem levam V levar vidas NOM vida boas ADJ bom e CONJ e nunca ADV nunca fazem V fazer uso NOM uso da PRP+DET de viol?ncia NOM viol?ncia " QUOTE " . SENT . Ouvi V ouvir dizer V dizer que CONJSUB que o DET o servidor ADJ servidor p?blico NOM p?blico lhe P lhe deu V dar uma DET uma boa ADJ bom resposta NOM resposta : SENT : " QUOTE " Se P se eu P eu deten??o NOM deten??o a PRP a toda ADJ todo a DET a gente NOM gente m? ADJ mau e CONJ e voc? P voc? prende V prender a PRP a toda ADJ todo a DET a gente NOM gente boa ADJ bom , VIRG , quem PR quem ficar? V ficar ? SENT ? " QUOTE " + at + V + at + V ? V Sabes NOM ? SENT ? """ PUNCT = '!#$%)*,-.:;<=>?@/\\]^_`}~??' LINEBREAK = '+ at +' tokens = [line.split()[0] for line in input.splitlines()] # instead output = [] for t in tokens: if t == LINEBREAK: output.append('\n') else: if t not in PUNCT: output.append(' ') output.append(t) print ''.join(output) #== It ouputs this: Titelman riu-se em seu t?pico modo grosseiro e respondeu: " Voc? prende a criminosos e a pessoas m?s, mas eu deten??o s? aos anabatistas, quem levam vidas boas e nunca fazem uso da viol?ncia ". Ouvi dizer que o servidor p?blico lhe deu uma boa resposta: " Se eu deten??o a toda a gente m? e voc? prende a toda a gente boa, quem ficar?? " ? Sabes? You see, the quotes have spaces in between: My old code that didn't do the job as good was this (hairy) one: The removing of tags I had already done with "sed". myoutput = cStringIO.StringIO() f = open(r'C:\mytools\supersed\tradunew.txt') lista = [line.strip() for line in f] punct = '!#$%)*,-.:;<=>?@/\\]^_`}~??' for i, item in enumerate(lista): if item == '"' and lista[i + 1] not in punct: myoutput.write(item) spacer = True elif '+ at +' in item: donewline = item.replace('+ at +','\n ') myoutput.write(donewline) elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: myoutput.write(item) elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] in punct: myoutput.write(item) elif item in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: myoutput.write(item) spacer = False elif item not in punct and lista[i + 1] == '"' and spacer: myoutput.write(item) spacer = False elif item in '([{?': myoutput.write(item) else: myoutput.write(item + " ") newlist = myoutput.getvalue().splitlines() myoutput.close() f = open(r'C:\mytools\supersed\traducerto-k.txt', 'w') for line in newlist: f.write(line.lstrip()+'\n') f.close() So a text like this: --- Example begins No , thanks.+ at + # this + at + I inserted to mark paragraphs, because the POS-Tagger don't keep paragraph marks He said , " No , thanks . " OK ? --- Example ends --- And I want to transform into this: No, thanks. He said, "No, thanks." OK? --- End example Thanks. From bgailer at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 23:08:46 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 17:08:46 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A5F96DE.90205@gmail.com> Chris Castillo wrote: > *so far I have this and the format is what i want:* > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > # Set all necessary variables > name = None > fileOut = open('outputFile.txt', 'w') > > total = 0 > averageScore = 0 > numofScores = 0 > score = 0 > > # Header for output file > fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 40) + "\n") > > # Iterate line by line through file to get names and their > corresponding scores > for line in open('bowlingscores.txt', 'r'): > line = line.strip() > if line: > if line.isdigit(): > score = int(line) > numofScores += 1 > total += score > > averageScore = total / numofScores # Get average score > > # Decides where bowler stands compared to the average score > if score < averageScore: > score = "\tBelow average" > elif score > averageScore and score != 300: > score = "\tAbove average!" > elif score == 300: > score = "\tPerfect score!" > else: > name = line > > # Checks to see if name and score have values > if name and score: > fileOut.write('%s\t%s\r\n' % (name, score)) > name, score = None, None > > > fileOut.close() > ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ > *the problem is that it's not comparing the first bowler's score to > the average score and the output file looks like this: > * > Bowling Report > ---------------------------------------- > David 120 > > Hector Perfect score! > > Mary Below average > * > is the logic in my if-elif statements wrong or is it just skipping the > first bowler's score? > * You must process all the scores before computing averages. This means saving each player's score. Use a dictionary with the name as the key and the score as the value. Then go thru the dictionary to compute and report averages. -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From lie.1296 at gmail.com Thu Jul 16 23:12:28 2009 From: lie.1296 at gmail.com (Lie Ryan) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 07:12:28 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] interactive naming of pointers In-Reply-To: <333efb450907160922x51970ccfx54d0f3d2781ad779@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A5DF8A9.1010105@gmail.com> <4A5E4C62.50209@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907151923l6a089694q922d6f3ff99caaea@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907160922x51970ccfx54d0f3d2781ad779@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: Wayne wrote: > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 9:38 AM, chris Hynes > wrote: > > Yeah, I'm not sure if I'm explaining myself well or maybe I'm just > trying to make the code too interactive. > > in my code I would type something like: > > x=zeros((3,3)) > > so the pointer called "x" is created by the programmer, but within > the code. What if I wanted to prompt my keyboard user to type in a > word, like "Chris" and then the program would create: > > Chris=zeros((3,3)) > > Whatever code could make this happen I could loop through it several > times, create various array names, and when the operator was done, > they would have several arrays created with names of their choosing. > When I'm in ipython mode, I would have to type Chris=zeros((3,3)), > then Bob=zeros((3,3)) and then Kent=zero((3,3)), three separate > statements (and gosh what if I wanted more than just these three?). > I want my user to create names for their pointers instead of it > already being in the code. > > > That's what a dictionary effectively does. In fact, in python, global name resolution is merely syntax sugar for accessing the global names dictionary. If you want to have an interactive prompting in your own program and the prompting can assign names and stuffs, you should create your own namespace instead of corrupting the interpreter's global namespace (which is a huge security risk and is a latent source of bugs). something like: mynames = {} inputting = True while inputting: name = raw_input('name? ') data = make_zero() mynames[name] = data inputting = not raw_input('continue? (leave blank to continue) ') browsing = True while browsing: name = raw_input('name? ') print mynames[name] browsing = not raw_input('continue? (leave blank to continue) ') or if you don't mind using eval/exec: # a poor man's python interpreter global_ns = {} while True: prompt = raw_input('>>>') exec prompt in global_ns From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Thu Jul 16 23:32:06 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 22:32:06 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] help References: <57b8984c0907151254i4c78f736mb1d014618b707de7@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "jonathan wallis" wrote >i have a duel loop that looks like this > > while y > 0 and x > 0: This is not any kind of loop its a while expression. It should have a body and that would then constitute a single while loop not a dual loop ( a duel lop has something to do with repeatedly settling matters of honor! :-) > i cant figure out if there is a way to make so if one > loop ends it says something different than if the > other loop ends. I'm not certain what you mean by that but I assume you mean you want to determine which variable went out of bounds? If so you can use the else clause of a while loop: while x > 0 and y > 0: choice = raw_input('x or y?') if choice == 'x': x = 0 else: y = 0 else: if x <= 0: print 'it was x' else: print 'it was y' HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From ptmcg at austin.rr.com Thu Jul 16 23:57:24 2009 From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 16:57:24 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] pyparsing complex search In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <743518F679A34D1A84AB5888F956FB83@AWA2> Pedro - If you are trying to extract a simple pattern like a numeric word followed by an alpha word, I would suggest using one of the scanString or searchString methods. scanString is probably the better choice, since you seem to need not only the matching tokens, but also the location within the input string where the match occurs. scanString(sourcestring) is a generator function. For every match, scanString returns: - tokens - the matched tokens themselves (as a ParseResults object) - startloc - starting location of the matched tokens - endloc - ending location of the matched tokens Here is your test program, rewritten to use scanString (I inserted the number '75' in the source string so you can see the results of having multiple matches): from pyparsing import * data = """23 different size pry bars hammer the 75 pitchfork pound felt paper staple the felt paper every to inches staple hammer""" numbrword = Word(nums) alphaword = Word(alphas) for match,locn,endloc in (numbrword+alphaword).scanString(data): num,wrd = match st = data print "Found '%s/%s' on line %d at column %d" % \ (num,wrd, lineno(locn , st ), col( locn , st )) print "The full line of text was:" print "'%s'" % line( locn , st ) print (" "*col( locn , st ))+"^" print With this output: Found '23/different' on line 1 at column 1 The full line of text was: '23 different size pry bars' ^ Found '75/pitchfork' on line 2 at column 12 The full line of text was: 'hammer the 75 pitchfork' ^ Look at the difference between this program and your latest version. The pattern you parsed for is simply "OneOrMore(Word(alphanums))" - to debug a parse action, try using the decorator that comes with pyparsing, traceParseAction, like this: @traceParseAction def reportACertainWord( st , locn , toks ): and it will print out the tokens passed into and out of the parse action. It would have shown you that you weren't just matching ['23', 'different'], but the entire input string. Using scanString is a little simpler than writing a parse action. Also, since scanString is a generator, it will return matches as it finds them. So if you have this file: 123 paper clips ... 10Gb of intervening non-matching text... 456 paper planes scanString will return the match for '123 paper' right away, before processing the intervening 10Gb of non-matching text. Best of luck in your pyparsing efforts! -- Paul From davea at ieee.org Fri Jul 17 02:47:26 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 20:47:26 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type In-Reply-To: <20090715061448.32920@gmx.net> References: <20090714134127.29270@gmx.net> <4A5C8BEE.7040105@tue.nl> <20090714135919.146540@gmx.net> <1c2a2c590907140758t23096c43s4c504d9632f373d2@mail.gmail.com> <4A5D409E.2030408@ieee.org> <20090715061448.32920@gmx.net> Message-ID: <4A5FCA1E.5050100@ieee.org> Todd Matsumoto wrote: > Hi, > > Thanks for all the comments so far. > > DaveA, I'm receiving the value via pyODBC, after running a query on a database. The test is to first make sure the value is a Decimal (pyODBC returns a Decimal object if what is coming from the database is a decimal type). So if I don't have a value that is a Decimal object something is wrong. > > Cheers, > > T > -------- Original-Nachricht -------- > >> Datum: Tue, 14 Jul 2009 22:36:14 -0400 >> Von: Dave Angel >> An: >> CC: Todd Matsumoto , tutor at python.org >> Betreff: Re: Re: [Tutor] unittests, testing a type >> > > >> On Tue, Jul 14, 2009 at 9:59 AM, Todd Matsumoto wrote: >> >>>> The reason why is I'm receiving the Decimal value from another program, >>>> >> if I already know that the value will be a Decimal why test it? >> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> >> How are you receiving it? File, pickle, pipe, socket, exit() return >> value? When I first read your question, I assumed you meant "from >> another module." But if it's another process, then you'd better tell us >> how you're actually getting the value. Maybe it's a Decimal because you >> just got done converting it to one. >> >> DaveA >> > > If the value is being passed back from another module, and you therefore want to do an exact test on the type, just do if type(a) == decimal.Decimal: On the other hand, if you just want to know if it's a particular type, or some subclass of that type, use isinstance();. DaveA From pedrooconnell at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 04:03:07 2009 From: pedrooconnell at gmail.com (pedro) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 22:03:07 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] pyparsing complex search References: <743518F679A34D1A84AB5888F956FB83@AWA2> Message-ID: Hi Paul. Thanks. I would like to get better at pyparsing. Can you recommend a good resource for learning. I am finding that what info I have found on the subject (on the web) isn't really explaining it from the ground up as much as I would like. Cheers Pete From davea at ieee.org Fri Jul 17 04:24:04 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 22:24:04 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] objects becoming pointers In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: <4A5FE0C4.8050705@ieee.org> chris Hynes wrote: > That's just it, you won't know in advance what names the user will type in. Maybe I mean to say dynamically create pointers. For instance, > > In the morning, I might be working with data regarding methanol and do several iterations and save those iterations in separate arrays with some type of methanol basename (I guess I could just save everything in a huge multidimensional array but it helps me to compartmentalize in to separate smaller arrays by name), later that afternoon I might we doing some formaldehyde calculations so I want those arrays to have some kind of aldehyde name associated with it. I could recall an earlier methanol array that was created. > > I could go back in to my code and change names. Or I thought I could just leave my program running and just keep on typing in new names as I need them, kind of like giving birth to as many arrays with whatever names as I see fit. > > Several people have suggested I use dictionary function, and I'll probably do that. Hmmm, is it possible to concantenate a raw_input on to a pointer? > > Oh well, in the end I think I'm just going to create a mutidimensional array and just access sub parts of it as I need to. Thanks for your help. > > What language are you planning to write this in? Python doesn't have pointers. And variables created in one run of the program are not visible next time it runs. And it doesn't have arrays, nor multidimensional anything. Nor "dictionary functions." Who is the user? Is it the same person writing the code, and you just refer to yourself in the 3rd person? Once your code is running, and getting names, it's a bit late to be entering print statements into your code. Are you perhaps running this whole thing from the interpreter prompt? A dictionary is a data structure, like a list is. Each item in a dictionary has a key and a value. Certainly dictionary values may be lists, and keys can be strings like "methanol" or "Chris". From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 05:21:14 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 23:21:14 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup Message-ID: Hi, I am interested in gathering simple weather data using Beautiful Soup, but am having trouble understanding what I'm doing. I have searched the archives and so far haven't found enough to get me moving forward. Basically I am trying to start off this example: Grabbing Weather Underground Data with BeautifulSoup http://flowingdata.com/2007/07/09/grabbing-weather-underground-data-with-beautifulsoup/ But I get to the exact same problem that this other person got to in this post: http://groups.google.com/group/beautifulsoup/browse_thread/thread/13eb3dbf713b8a4a Unfortunately, that post never gives enough help for me to understand how to solve that person's or my problem. What I want to understand is how to find the bits of data you want--in this case, say, today's average temperature and whether it was clear or cloudy--within a web page, and then indicate that to Beautiful Soup. Thanks, Che _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live?: Keep your life in sync. http://windowslive.com/explore?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_BR_life_in_synch_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ptmcg at austin.rr.com Fri Jul 17 05:36:56 2009 From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire) Date: Thu, 16 Jul 2009 22:36:56 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] pyparsing complex search In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: > Hi Paul. Thanks. I would like to get better at pyparsing. Can you > recommend a good resource for learning. I am finding that what info I > have found on the subject (on the web) isn't really explaining it from > the ground up as much as I would like. Hrmmm, not sure what to recommend - I might just point you back to what you have already tried. Where are you looking and what are you finding? The pyparsing source package comes with a directory of examples and htmldoc class documentation. If you just used the easy_install or the Win32 install package, these directories get omitted - try downloading the source package from SourceForge. There is also quite a bit of info at the pyparsing wiki, at http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com. The Discussion tab on the home page has over 1200 posted messages in various discussion threads of people seeking help. You can also visit the Documentation page for some links to presentations that have been given on pyparsing. For basic getting-started type stuff, I'd recommend: - the PyCon'06 presentations I gave - Introduction to Pyparsing - http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyCon2006/Talks#1 An Interactive Adventure Game Engine Built Using Pyparsing - http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyCon2006/Talks#4 - the OnLAMP article (free, but a little old now) - http://onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2006/01/26/pyparsing.html - the 3 articles I wrote for Python Magazine in the past year (not free, you'll have to buy back-issues) Writing a simple Interpreter/Compiler with Pyparsing - http://pymag.phparch.com/c/issue/view/74 Advanced Pyparsing: Implementing a JSON Parser Using Results Names - http://pymag.phparch.com/c/issue/view/79 Create Your Own Domain-Specific Language in Python With Imputil and Pyparsing - http://pymag.phparch.com/c/issue/view/96 - the O'Reilly e-book I wrote (also not free, costs $10) - Getting Started with Pyparsing - http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596514235/ Does this help? -- Paul From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Fri Jul 17 08:45:55 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 07:45:55 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup References: Message-ID: "Che M" wrote Grabbing Weather Underground Data with BeautifulSoup http://flowingdata.com/2007/07/09/grabbing-weather-underground-data-with-beautifulsoup/ But I get to the exact same problem that this other person got to in this post: http://groups.google.com/group/beautifulsoup/browse_thread/thread/13eb3dbf713b8a4a > Unfortunately, that post never gives enough help for me to > understand how to solve that person's or my problem. The posts basocally say go and look at the HTML and find the right tags for the data you need. This is fubndamental to any kind of web scraping, you need to understand the HTML tree well enough to identify where yourt data exists. How familiar are you with HTML and its structures? Can you view the source in your browser and identify the heirarchy of tags to the place where your data lives? > What I want to understand is how to find the bits of data you > want--in this case, say, today's average temperature and whether > it was clear or cloudy--within a web page, Go to the web page and use View Source from your browser. Then its down to you to interpret the HTML. Somne experimentation with print statements might be necessary to check you have the right place. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 10:01:29 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 04:01:29 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: > The posts basocally say go and look at the HTML and find the > right tags for the data you need. This is fubndamental to any kind of web > scraping, you need to understand the HTML tree well enough to identify > where yourt data exists. > > How familiar are you with HTML and its structures? Reasonably familiar. > Can you view the source in your browser and identify the heirarchy > of tags to the place where your data lives? I can view the source, and have made my own web pages (HTML, CSS). I am less sure about the hierarchy of tags. For example, here is the section around the current temperature:

West of Town, Jamestown, Pennsylvania (PWS)

Updated: 3:00 AM EDT on July 17, 2009

60.3 °F

The 60.3 is the value I want to extract. It appears to be down within a hierarchy something like:

But I am far from sure I got all that right; it is not easy to look at HTML and match

with

. Unless I am missing something? Do I have to use all of the above in my Beautiful Soup? CM _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From motoom at xs4all.nl Fri Jul 17 12:27:36 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:27:36 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: <4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> Che M wrote: > The 60.3 is the value I want to extract. soup.find("div",id="curcondbox").findNext("span","b").renderContents() -- "The ability of the OSS process to collect and harness the collective IQ of thousands of individuals across the Internet is simply amazing." - Vinod Valloppillil http://www.catb.org/~esr/halloween/halloween4.html From brsata at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 09:12:16 2009 From: brsata at gmail.com (=?UTF-8?B?YmFyxLHFnyBhdGE=?=) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 10:12:16 +0300 Subject: [Tutor] How to limit logs Message-ID: hi, i'm writing a log client to recieve logs from socket connection and display on a textbox now i have a few question i used Pmw.ScrolledText but i don't now its buffer size. how can i limit it? and i want to create a log file with logging module but i want to limit log size for example if user sets log file limit to 1000 lines, i have to save last 1000 line on the fly and refresh it until program closed. Any idea ? tkanks... -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From kent37 at tds.net Fri Jul 17 14:09:10 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 08:09:10 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907170509o32692f28l47b6c71125ff978f@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 11:21 PM, Che M wrote: > Hi, > > I am interested in gathering simple weather data using Beautiful Soup, but > am having trouble understanding what I'm doing.? I have searched the > archives and so far haven't found enough to get me moving forward. > > Basically I am trying to start off this example: > > Grabbing Weather Underground Data with BeautifulSoup > http://flowingdata.com/2007/07/09/grabbing-weather-underground-data-with-beautifulsoup/ > > But I get to the exact same problem that this other person got to in this > post: > http://groups.google.com/group/beautifulsoup/browse_thread/thread/13eb3dbf713b8a4a > > Unfortunately, that post never gives enough help for me to understand how to > solve that person's or my problem. > > What I want to understand is how to find the bits of data you want--in this > case, say, today's average temperature and whether it was clear or > cloudy--within a web page, and then indicate that to Beautiful Soup. One thing that might help is to use the Lite page, if you are not already. It has much less formatting and extraneous information to wade through. You might also look for a site that has weather data formatted for computer. For example the NOAA has forcast data available as plain text: http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=NWS&issuedby=BOX&product=CCF&format=txt&version=1&glossary=0 Kent From stefan_ml at behnel.de Fri Jul 17 14:40:40 2009 From: stefan_ml at behnel.de (Stefan Behnel) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:40:40 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

Message-ID: Che M wrote: >

West of Town, Jamestown, Pennsylvania (PWS)

Updated: 3:00 AM EDT on July 17, 2009

> >

> > > >

> 60.3 °F >

> > The 60.3 is the value I want to extract. It appears to be down within a hierarchy > something like: > >

> > You may consider using lxml's cssselect module: from lxml import html doc = html.parse("http://some/url/to/parse.html") spans = doc.cssselect("div.bluebox > #curcondbox span.b") print spans[0].text However, I'd rather go for the other "60.3" value using XPath: print doc.xpath('//span[@pwsvariable="tempf"]/@value') Stefan From srilyk at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 16:12:57 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 09:12:57 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] How to limit logs In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <333efb450907170712j17a7207al73836c77c4c83ef7@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 2:12 AM, bar?? ata wrote: > hi, > i'm writing a log client to recieve logs from socket connection and display > on a textbox > now i have a few question > i used Pmw.ScrolledText but i don't now its buffer size. how can i limit > it? > and i want to create a log file with logging module but i want to limit log > size > for example if user sets log file limit to 1000 lines, i have to save last > 1000 line on the fly and refresh it until program closed. Any idea ? I don't know if this is the "best" solution, but while the program is open if you simply truncate the file each time and just keep a list of no larger than 1000 lines and write each of those, that would work. Another option is to keep those 1000 lines and just seek to the beginning and rewrite the file each time. This could get pretty expensive as far as disk access goes, though. I don't think there's really a way in python to implement the disk access part, but a circular array (or file write) would work perfect in this situation. But with python, I'd probably just open the file in read/write mode (assuming you want to preserve the log from the previous run), seek to the beginning and write whatever is in the lines. Each time I add a line I'd check len(lines) > 1000: del(lines[0]), then write the lines and seek back to the front of the file. I don't know if there's a more efficient way to do it in python, but that's what I'd do. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From msh at blisses.org Fri Jul 17 17:08:43 2009 From: msh at blisses.org (Matt Herzog) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 11:08:43 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] sftp get single file Message-ID: <20090717150843.GA20678@chicago.blisses.org> Hello All. I need to use paramiko to sftp get a single file from a remote server. The remote file's base name will be today's date (%Y%m%d) dot tab. I need help joining the today with the .tab extension. Do I need globbing? example: 20090716.tab #!/usr/bin/env python import paramiko import glob import os import time hostname = 'sftp.booboo.com' port = 22 username = 'booboo' password = '07N4219?' # glob_pattern='*.tab' today = time.strftime("%Y%m%d") remotepath = today.tab localpath = '/home/data/text' if __name__ == "__main__": t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port)) t.connect(username=username, password=password) sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) sftp.get(remotepath, localpath) t.close() -- I fear you speak upon the rack, Where men enforced do speak anything. - William Shakespeare From sander.sweers at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 17:42:35 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 17:42:35 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] sftp get single file In-Reply-To: <20090717150843.GA20678@chicago.blisses.org> References: <20090717150843.GA20678@chicago.blisses.org> Message-ID: 2009/7/17 Matt Herzog : > Hello All. > > I need to use paramiko to sftp get a single file from a remote server. > The remote file's base name will be today's date (%Y%m%d) dot tab. > I need help joining the today with the .tab extension. Do I need globbing? > > example: 20090716.tab > > #!/usr/bin/env python > import paramiko > import glob > import os > import time > hostname = 'sftp.booboo.com' > port = 22 > username = 'booboo' > password = '07N4219?' > # glob_pattern='*.tab' > today = time.strftime("%Y%m%d") > remotepath = today.tab > localpath = '/home/data/text' > > if __name__ == "__main__": > ? ?t = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port)) > ? ?t.connect(username=username, password=password) > ? ?sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t) > ? ?sftp.get(remotepath, localpath) > ? ?t.close() > -- You don't need glob if you know in advance what the filename is. Print example below. --- import time today = time.localtime() datestr = time.strftime("%Y%m%d",today) ext = ".tab" print datestr + ext --- Greets Sander From amit.pureenergy at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 18:04:26 2009 From: amit.pureenergy at gmail.com (Amit Sethi) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 21:34:26 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] Very wierd namespace problem Message-ID: I am not able to understand this , perhaps it is an aspect of python I do not understand .... Now usually I would think that for a class class a: ... def __init__(self): ... pass ... def __something__(self): ... pass >>> b=a() >>> dir(b) ['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', '__something__'] This should be correct .... so now i can refer one of these functions from the object of the same class as obj.__something__() now I have created a class with some functions defined in it but the thing is that they are named in a completely different manner?????(or so I think) <__main__.SmPriceWindow instance at 0x9dd448c> ['_SmPriceWindow__add_columns', '_SmPriceWindow__create_model', '_SmPriceWindow__review_button_click', '_SmPriceWindow__show_all', '_SmPriceWindow__url_button_click', '__doc__', '__init__', '__module__', 'model', 'tree', 'window'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "smnotebook3.py", line 135, in price_button_pressed sw.__show_all() AttributeError: SmPriceWindow instance has no attribute '__show_all' I have refered to these functions(__add_columns ,__create_model etc ... as self.__add_columns as would be expected in the class itself ) This functionality is unexpected according to me .... Since I cannot take much of the space here explaining the code I have pasted here: http://pastebin.com/mddf7a43 -- A-M-I-T S|S From kent37 at tds.net Fri Jul 17 18:12:52 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:12:52 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] sftp get single file In-Reply-To: References: <20090717150843.GA20678@chicago.blisses.org> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907170912o4b7a80beq5867ce03d919054f@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 11:42 AM, Sander Sweers wrote: > import time > > today = time.localtime() > datestr = time.strftime("%Y%m%d",today) > ext = ".tab" > > print datestr + ext You can include literal characters in the format string: In [4]: time.strftime("%Y%m%d.tab",today) Out[4]: '20090717.tab' Kent From pedrooconnell at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 18:26:42 2009 From: pedrooconnell at gmail.com (pedro) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:26:42 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] != -1: versus == 1 Message-ID: Hi I have been trying to understand a python script and I keep coming across this kind of structure that says "If it is not equal to negative one" ################################ for line in theLines: if line.find("Source Height") != -1: #etc... ################################### Is there some special reason for this. Why not just write "If it is equal to one" ######################### for line in theLines: if line.find("Source Height") == 1: #etc... ################################### Pete From bill at celestial.net Fri Jul 17 18:37:00 2009 From: bill at celestial.net (Bill Campbell) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 09:37:00 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] != -1: versus == 1 In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <20090717163700.GA1763@ayn.mi.celestial.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009, pedro wrote: > Hi I have been trying to understand a python script and I keep coming > across this kind of structure > that says "If it is not equal to negative one" > > ################################ > for line in theLines: > if line.find("Source Height") != -1: > #etc... > ################################### > > Is there some special reason for this. Why not just write "If it is > equal to one" The string find method returns -1 if the string is not found, otherwise it returns the 0-based index into the string matching the argument to find. The test above will return -1 if ``Source Heigtht'' is not in line, and one generally wants to have the test return True if there is something to do. The alternative would be to say ``if not line.find('Source Height') == -1: ...'' Bill -- INTERNET: bill at celestial.com Bill Campbell; Celestial Software LLC URL: http://www.celestial.com/ PO Box 820; 6641 E. Mercer Way Voice: (206) 236-1676 Mercer Island, WA 98040-0820 Fax: (206) 232-9186 Skype: jwccsllc (206) 855-5792 Windows is a computer virus with a user interface!! From sander.sweers at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 18:37:25 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 18:37:25 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] != -1: versus == 1 In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: 2009/7/17 pedro : > ################################ > for line in theLines: > ? if line.find("Source Height") != -1: > #etc... > ################################### > > Is there some special reason for this. Why not just write "If it is equal to > one" Yes, str.find() returns -1 on failure. See below the documentation for str.find() | find(...) | S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int | | Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, | such that sub is contained within s[start:end]. Optional | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. | | Return -1 on failure. Idle example: >>> teststr = 'a' >>> teststr.find('a') 0 >>> teststr.find('b') -1 Greets Sander From keithabt at beyondbb.com Fri Jul 17 18:43:08 2009 From: keithabt at beyondbb.com (keithabt at beyondbb.com) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:43:08 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Form values Message-ID: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> Hi, I am reading values from a form and writing them to a text file. I keep getting a syntax error for outfile=open("filename", "a")I cant see it, does any body else. fileName = "requests.txt" # Create instance of FieldStorage Form = cgi.FieldStorage() # Get data from fields if Form and Form['submit'].value == "Submit": the_name = Form.getvalue('name') the_email = Form.getvalue('email') the_address = Form.getvalue('address') the_telephone = Form.getvalue('telephone') IpAddress = cgi.escape(os.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]); Time = "(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime()) entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + IpAddress + '|' + Time + "\n" outfile=open("fileName", "a") outfile.write(entry) outfile.close() From kent37 at tds.net Fri Jul 17 19:02:00 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:02:00 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Very wierd namespace problem In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907171002t61db5ad3r4d726a524bb1d27b@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 12:04 PM, Amit Sethi wrote: > now I have created a class with some functions defined in it but the > thing is that they are named in a completely different manner?????(or > so I think) > > <__main__.SmPriceWindow instance at 0x9dd448c> > ['_SmPriceWindow__add_columns', '_SmPriceWindow__create_model', > '_SmPriceWindow__review_button_click', '_SmPriceWindow__show_all', > '_SmPriceWindow__url_button_click', '__doc__', '__init__', > '__module__', 'model', 'tree', 'window'] > Traceback (most recent call last): > ?File "smnotebook3.py", line 135, in price_button_pressed > ? ?sw.__show_all() > AttributeError: SmPriceWindow instance has no attribute '__show_all' > > I have refered to these functions(__add_columns ,__create_model etc > ... as self.__add_columns as would be expected in the class itself ?) Names beginning with __ are 'mangled' to make them sort of secret. This is a feature: http://docs.python.org/reference/expressions.html#index-889 Kent From emile at fenx.com Fri Jul 17 19:13:57 2009 From: emile at fenx.com (Emile van Sebille) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 10:13:57 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Form values In-Reply-To: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> References: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> Message-ID: On 7/17/2009 9:43 AM keithabt at beyondbb.com said... > Hi, I am reading values from a form and writing them to a text file. I keep getting > a syntax error for outfile=open("filename", "a")I cant see it, does any body else. > There isn't an error in the statement. Try to pare down your code to a short example that causes the error. Then post the actual error and code segment. It's more likely there's an unfinished something before this line... Emile > > fileName = "requests.txt" > # Create instance of FieldStorage > Form = cgi.FieldStorage() > > # Get data from fields > if Form and Form['submit'].value == "Submit": > > the_name = Form.getvalue('name') > the_email = Form.getvalue('email') > the_address = Form.getvalue('address') > the_telephone = Form.getvalue('telephone') > > > IpAddress = cgi.escape(os.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]); > Time = "(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime()) > > entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + > IpAddress + '|' + Time + "\n" > > > > > outfile=open("fileName", "a") > outfile.write(entry) > outfile.close() > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 19:33:03 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:33:03 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: <4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> Message-ID: > Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:27:36 +0200 > From: motoom at xs4all.nl > To: tutor at python.org > CC: pine508 at hotmail.com > Subject: Re: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup > > Che M wrote: > > > The 60.3 is the value I want to extract. > > soup.find("div",id="curcondbox").findNext("span","b").renderContents() Thanks, but that isn't working for me. Here's my code: --------- import urllib2 from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup url = "http://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=43085" page = urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page) daytemp = soup.find("div",id="curcondbox").findNext("span","b").renderContents() print "Today's temperature in Worthington is: ", daytemp --------- When I try this, I get this error: HTMLParseError: malformed start tag, at line 1516, column 60 Could someone suggest how to proceed? Thanks. CM _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From kent37 at tds.net Fri Jul 17 19:36:15 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:36:15 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Form values In-Reply-To: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> References: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907171036w44d4eca3k9b2d87aec2bd6146@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 12:43 PM, wrote: > Hi, I am reading values from a form and writing them to a text file. I keep getting > a syntax error for outfile=open("filename", "a")I cant see it, does any body else. Indentation problems can cause mysterious syntax errors. Use a text editor that can show spaces and tabs and make sure your indentation is consistent. Kent From motoom at xs4all.nl Fri Jul 17 19:40:17 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 19:40:17 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> Message-ID: <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl> Che M wrote: > Thanks, but that isn't working for me. That's because BeautifulSoup isn't able to parse that webpage, not because the statement I posted doesn't work. I had BeautifulSoup parse the HTML fragment you posted earlier instead of the live webpage. This is actually the first time I see that BeautifulSoup is NOT able to parse a webpage... Greetings, From lie.1296 at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 19:42:28 2009 From: lie.1296 at gmail.com (Lie Ryan) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 03:42:28 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] != -1: versus == 1 In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: pedro wrote: > Hi I have been trying to understand a python script and I keep coming > across this kind of structure > that says "If it is not equal to negative one" > > ################################ > for line in theLines: > if line.find("Source Height") != -1: > #etc... > ################################### > > Is there some special reason for this. Why not just write "If it is > equal to one" > > ######################### > for line in theLines: > if line.find("Source Height") == 1: > #etc... > ################################### Nothing special, it just they have different meaning (and different results). The former (!= -1) tests whether the str.find() method does not fail finding "Source Height" (i.e. str.find() succeeds finding "Source Height") while the latter tests whether "Source Height" is in the second position in the string. But if it were me, I'd write the former (!= -1) with 'in' operator: for line in theLines: if "Source Height" in line: ... From bgailer at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 19:48:10 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:48:10 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907162259s35568073h858081b9cf8df5dd@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> <4A5F96DE.90205@gmail.com> <50e459210907162259s35568073h858081b9cf8df5dd@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A60B95A.9090205@gmail.com> Chris Castillo wrote: > how would i go about adding the names to a dictionary as a key and the > scores as a value in this code? > > # refactored for better use of Python, correct logic, and flow scores = {} # empty dictionary total = 0 for line in open("bowlingscores.txt", "r"): if line.strip().isdigit(): score = int(line) scores[name] = score total += score else: name = line.strip() averageScore = total / len(scores) fileOut = open("bowlingaverages.txt", "w") fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 50) + "\n") for name, score in scores.items(): if score == 300: score = "\tPerfect score!" elif score < averageScore: score = "\tBelow average" elif score > averageScore: score = "\tAbove average!" else: score = "\tAverage!" print name, score -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 19:50:42 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 13:50:42 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907170509o32692f28l47b6c71125ff978f@mail.gmail.com> References: <1c2a2c590907170509o32692f28l47b6c71125ff978f@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: > Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 08:09:10 -0400 > Subject: Re: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup > From: kent37 at tds.net > To: pine508 at hotmail.com > CC: tutor at python.org > > On Thu, Jul 16, 2009 at 11:21 PM, Che M wrote: > > Hi, > > > > I am interested in gathering simple weather data using Beautiful Soup, but > > am having trouble understanding what I'm doing. I have searched the > > archives and so far haven't found enough to get me moving forward. > > > > Basically I am trying to start off this example: > > > > Grabbing Weather Underground Data with BeautifulSoup > > http://flowingdata.com/2007/07/09/grabbing-weather-underground-data-with-beautifulsoup/ > > > > But I get to the exact same problem that this other person got to in this > > post: > > http://groups.google.com/group/beautifulsoup/browse_thread/thread/13eb3dbf713b8a4a > > > > Unfortunately, that post never gives enough help for me to understand how to > > solve that person's or my problem. > > > > What I want to understand is how to find the bits of data you want--in this > > case, say, today's average temperature and whether it was clear or > > cloudy--within a web page, and then indicate that to Beautiful Soup. > > One thing that might help is to use the Lite page, if you are not > already. It has much less formatting and extraneous information to > wade through. I was not aware Weather Underground had a Lite page; thank you, that is good to know. It was easier to figure things out in that HTML. I am getting closer, but still a bit stuck. Here is my code for the Lite page: ------------ import urllib2 from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup url = "http://www.wund.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=Worthington%2C+OH" page = urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page) daytemp = soup.find("div",id="main").findNext("h3").renderContents() print "Today's temperature in Worthington is: ", daytemp ------------- This works, but gives this output: >>> Today's temperature in Worthington is: 75 °F Of course, I just want the 75, not the HTML tags, etc. around it. But I am not sure how to indicate that in Beautiful Soup. So, for example, if I change the soup.find line above to this (to incorporate the ): daytemp = soup.find("div",id="main").findNext("h3", "span").renderContents() then I get the following error: AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'renderContents' (I also don't understand what the point of having a tag with no style content in the page?) Any help is appreciated. This still feels kind of arcane, but I want to understand the general approach to doing this, as later I want to try other weather facts or screen scraping generally. Thanks. CM You might also look for a site that has weather data > formatted for computer. For example the NOAA has forcast data > available as plain text: > http://forecast.weather.gov/product.php?site=NWS&issuedby=BOX&product=CCF&format=txt&version=1&glossary=0 > > Kent _________________________________________________________________ Lauren found her dream laptop. Find the PC that?s right for you. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/choosepc/?ocid=ftp_val_wl_290 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From motoom at xs4all.nl Fri Jul 17 20:02:22 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 20:02:22 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References: <1c2a2c590907170509o32692f28l47b6c71125ff978f@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A60BCAE.1050103@xs4all.nl> Che M wrote: > "http://www.wund.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=Worthington%2C+OH" > > Any help is appreciated. That would be: daytemp = soup.find("div",id="main").findNext("span").renderContents() -- "The ability of the OSS process to collect and harness the collective IQ of thousands of individuals across the Internet is simply amazing." - Vinod Valloppillil http://www.catb.org/~esr/halloween/halloween4.html From sander.sweers at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 20:04:00 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 20:04:00 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl> References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl> Message-ID: 2009/7/17 Michiel Overtoom : > This is actually the first time I see that BeautifulSoup is NOT able to > parse a webpage... Depends on which version is used. If 3.1 then it is much worse with malformed html than prior releases. See [1] for more info. Greets Sander [1] http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/3.1-problems.html From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 20:28:58 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:28:58 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: <4A60BCAE.1050103@xs4all.nl> References: <1c2a2c590907170509o32692f28l47b6c71125ff978f@mail.gmail.com> <4A60BCAE.1050103@xs4all.nl> Message-ID: > Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 20:02:22 +0200 > From: motoom at xs4all.nl > To: tutor at python.org > CC: pine508 at hotmail.com > Subject: Re: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup > > Che M wrote: > > > "http://www.wund.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=Worthington%2C+OH" > > > > Any help is appreciated. > > That would be: > > daytemp = soup.find("div",id="main").findNext("span").renderContents() > Thank you, that works! I'll go try some more things and read more of the documentation and if I bump into more confusions I may have more questions. Che _________________________________________________________________ Lauren found her dream laptop. Find the PC that?s right for you. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/choosepc/?ocid=ftp_val_wl_290 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Fri Jul 17 20:37:07 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 00:07:07 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files Message-ID: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Hi, I have two large different column datafiles now i want to join them as single multi-column datafile:-- I tried the command:------ >>> file('ala', 'w').write(file('/home/amrita/alachems/chem2.txt', 'r').read()+file('/home/amrita/pdbfile/pdb2.txt', 'r').read()) but it is priniting second file after first, whereas i want to join them columwise like:--- FileA FileB FileC 12 14 12 14 15 + 16 = 15 16 18 17 18 17 20 19 20 19 What command I should use? Thanks, Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From pedrooconnell at gmail.com Fri Jul 17 20:40:02 2009 From: pedrooconnell at gmail.com (pedro) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:40:02 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] != -1: versus == 1 References: Message-ID: Thanks for the replies. I think my mistake was assuming that "1" meant "true" when if fact it means "index 1". Whe I tested for "== 1", since "Source Height" was coincidentally at index 1 it returned something which looked like it worked. Thanks for the clarification. And thanks for the suggestion to use "in" that is much more readable. Pete From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 20:42:27 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:42:27 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl> Message-ID: > 2009/7/17 Michiel Overtoom : > > This is actually the first time I see that BeautifulSoup is NOT able to > > parse a webpage... > > Depends on which version is used. If 3.1 then it is much worse with > malformed html than prior releases. See [1] for more info. > > Greets > Sander > > [1] http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/3.1-problems.html Yes....I just read about the 3.1 problems, and switched to 3.07a, re-ran the exact same code as befor...and it worked perfectly this time. (For those novices who are unsure of how to install a previous version, I found that I only had to simply clear out what BS files I had already under site-packages, and just put the Beautiful Soup.py 3.0.7a file found on the website into that site-packages folder...very easy). Lots of useful information today, thank you to everyone. Che _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Get 25 GB of free online storage. http://windowslive.com/online/skydrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_SD_25GB_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From keithabt at beyondbb.com Fri Jul 17 20:52:07 2009 From: keithabt at beyondbb.com (keithabt at beyondbb.com) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:52:07 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] sending to file Message-ID: I have a form and script that works. I can enter values into the fields, however the data will not show up on the server in the text file. The properties for the file is 0777. Can the form cause this problem?

Please feel out the entire form:

Name:
Email Address:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:

""" fileName = "requests.txt" # Create instance of FieldStorage Form = cgi.FieldStorage() # Get data from fields if Form and Form['submit'].value == "Submit": the_name = Form.getvalue('name') the_email = Form.getvalue('email') the_address = Form.getvalue('address') the_telephone = Form.getvalue('telephone') IpAddress = cgi.escape(os.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]); Time = "(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime()) entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + IpAddress + '|' + Time + "\n" Outfile=open("fileName", "a") Outfile.write(entry) Outfile.close() From keithabt at beyondbb.com Fri Jul 17 20:55:47 2009 From: keithabt at beyondbb.com (keithabt at beyondbb.com) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:55:47 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] sending to a file Message-ID: <84.85.27067.339C06A4@mxo5.broadbandsupport.net> I have a form and script that works. I can enter values into the fields, however the data will not show up on the server in the text file. The properties for the file is 0777. Can the form cause this problem? -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: 28359-form method.docx Type: application/octet-stream Size: 13284 bytes Desc: not available URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Fri Jul 17 20:59:11 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 19:59:11 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: wrote > but it is priniting second file after first, whereas i want to join them > columwise like:--- > > FileA FileB FileC > 12 14 12 14 > 15 + 16 = 15 16 > 18 17 18 17 > 20 19 20 19 > I'm not sure what the plus sign in the second line signifies but otherwise it looks like you will need to process each file line by line and concatenate each string. for line1 in fileA: line2 = fileB.readline() fileC.write("%s\t%s" % line1,line2) You might need to strip the lines before writing them... -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From emile at fenx.com Fri Jul 17 21:14:13 2009 From: emile at fenx.com (Emile van Sebille) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:14:13 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: On 7/17/2009 11:37 AM amrita at iisermohali.ac.in said... > Hi, > > I have two large different column datafiles now i want to join them as > single multi-column datafile:-- > > I tried the command:------ > >>>> file('ala', 'w').write(file('/home/amrita/alachems/chem2.txt', > 'r').read()+file('/home/amrita/pdbfile/pdb2.txt', 'r').read()) > > but it is priniting second file after first, whereas i want to join them > columwise like:--- > > FileA FileB FileC > 12 14 12 14 > 15 + 16 = 15 16 > 18 17 18 17 > 20 19 20 19 > > What command I should use? Assuming it's this simple, otherwise flavor to taste... delim= '\t' file('ala', 'w').writelines( [ delim.join([ii,jj] for ii,jj in zip( [xx.strip() for xx in file('/home/amrita/alachems/chem2.txt','r').readlines() ], file('/home/amrita/pdbfile/pdb2.txt', 'r').readlines() ) ] ) Emile From kent37 at tds.net Fri Jul 17 22:27:54 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 16:27:54 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 3:14 PM, Emile van Sebille wrote: > delim= '\t' > > file('ala', 'w').writelines( > ?[ delim.join([ii,jj] for ii,jj in > ? ?zip( > ? ? ?[xx.strip() for xx in > ? ? ? ?file('/home/amrita/alachems/chem2.txt','r').readlines() > ? ? ? ?], > ? ? ?file('/home/amrita/pdbfile/pdb2.txt', 'r').readlines() > ? ? ?) > ? ?] > ?) Maybe you could break that up a bit? This is the tutor list, not a one-liner competition! Kent From emile at fenx.com Fri Jul 17 23:25:42 2009 From: emile at fenx.com (Emile van Sebille) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:25:42 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: On 7/17/2009 1:27 PM Kent Johnson said... > On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 3:14 PM, Emile van Sebille wrote: > >> delim= '\t' >> >> file('ala', 'w').writelines( >> [ delim.join([ii,jj] for ii,jj in >> zip( >> [xx.strip() for xx in >> file('/home/amrita/alachems/chem2.txt','r').readlines() >> ], >> file('/home/amrita/pdbfile/pdb2.txt', 'r').readlines() >> ) >> ] >> ) > > Maybe you could break that up a bit? > This is the tutor list, not a > one-liner competition! > Yeah, I knew that -- but as the OP submitted a one-liner to start with, I simply responded in kind. That's why I put the flavor-to-taste comment on... Emile From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 23:27:33 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 17:27:33 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl>

Message-ID: OK, got the very basic case to work when using Beautiful Soup 3.0.7a and scraping the Weather Underground Lite page. That gives me the current temperature, etc. Good. But now I would like the average temperature from, say, yesterday. I am again having trouble finding elements in the soup. This is the code: ---------------------- import urllib2 from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup url = "http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KPAJAMES1&month=7&day=16&year=2009" page = urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page) table = soup.find("td",id="dataTable tm10") print table ------------------------ When I look at the page source for that page, there is this section, which contains the "dataTable tm10" table I want to zoom in on: ------------ -------------- And yet when I run the above code, what it prints is: >> None In other words, it is not finding that table. Why? Help appreciated again. Che _________________________________________________________________ Lauren found her dream laptop. Find the PC that?s right for you. http://www.microsoft.com/windows/choosepc/?ocid=ftp_val_wl_290 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Fri Jul 17 23:49:23 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:49:23 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] large strings and garbage collection Message-ID: This was discussed in a previous post but I didn't see a solution. Say, you have for i in veryLongListOfStringValues: s += i As per previous post (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.tutor/54029/focus=54139), (quoting verbatim) "... the following happens inside the python interpreter: 1. get a reference to the current value of s. 2. get a reference to the string value i. 3. compute the new value += i, store it in memory, and make a reference to it. 4. drop the old reference of s (thus free-ing "abc") 5. give s a reference to the newly computed value. After step 3 and before step 4, the old value of s is still referenced by s, and the new value is referenced internally (so step 5 can be performed). In other words, both the old and the new value are in memory at the same time after step 3 and before step 4, and both are referenced (that is, they cannot be garbage collected). ... " As s gets very large, how do you deal with this situation to avoid a memory error or what I think will be a general slowing down of the system if the for-loop is repeated a large number of times. Dinesh -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 18 00:27:32 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 23:27:32 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] sending to file References: Message-ID: wrote >I have a form and script that works. I can enter values into the fields, >however > the data will not show up on the server in the text file. The properties > for the > file is 0777. Can the form cause this problem? Does the problem only occur when running it on the web server or does it occur if you run it as yourself? Do you know where the file is trying to write to? Is it the cgi-bin folder or the root folder? What are the permissions of the folder? 777 is probably a bad idea! But let's get the file created first and worry about security later! :-) > action="http://web.nmsu.edu/~keithabt/cgi-bin/07_index.cgi"> >

Please feel out the entire form:

	Current:	High:	Low:	Average:
Temperature:	73.6 °F	83.3 °F	64.2 °F	74.1 °F

> > > > > > > > > >

Name:
Email Address:
Mailing Address:
Telephone Number:	value="telephone">

> > > > """ > fileName = "requests.txt" > # Create instance of FieldStorage > Form = cgi.FieldStorage() > > # Get data from fields > if Form and Form['submit'].value == "Submit": > the_name = Form.getvalue('name') > the_email = Form.getvalue('email') > the_address = Form.getvalue('address') > the_telephone = Form.getvalue('telephone') > > > IpAddress = cgi.escape(os.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]); > Time = "(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime()) > > entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + > IpAddress > + '|' + Time + "\n" We'll have more success if you send us the real code. The variables here don't match those above... > > Outfile=open("fileName", "a") > Outfile.write(entry) > Outfile.close() HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 18 00:32:12 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 23:32:12 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] large strings and garbage collection References: Message-ID: "Dinesh B Vadhia" wrote > This was discussed in a previous post but I didn't see a solution. Say, > you have > > for i in veryLongListOfStringValues: > s += i In general avoid string addition. (Although recent versions of Python have optimised it somewhat) > As s gets very large, how do you deal with this situation to avoid > a memory error or what I think will be a general slowing down > of the system if the for-loop is repeated a large number of times. Avoid string addition. join() is one way, a format string might also work - but I haven't benchmarked that for memory or speed fmt = "%s" * len(biglist) s = fmt % tuple(biglist) Just some ideas... -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From roadierich at googlemail.com Sat Jul 18 00:49:23 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 23:49:23 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Form values In-Reply-To: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> References: <1E.C8.09691.C1AA06A4@mxo4.broadbandsupport.net> Message-ID: 2009/7/17 : > Hi, I am reading values from a form and writing them to a text file. I keep getting > a syntax error for outfile=open("filename", "a")I cant see it, does any body else. > > > fileName = "requests.txt" > # Create instance of FieldStorage > Form = cgi.FieldStorage() > > # Get data from fields > if Form and Form['submit'].value == "Submit": > > ? ? ? ?the_name = Form.getvalue('name') > ? ? ? ?the_email = Form.getvalue('email') > ? ? ? ?the_address = Form.getvalue('address') > ? ? ? ?the_telephone = Form.getvalue('telephone') > > > ? ? ? ?IpAddress = ?cgi.escape(os.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]); > ? ? ? ?Time = "(time.localtime()):", time.asctime(time.localtime()) > > ? ? ? ?entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + > IpAddress + '|' + Time + "\n" > > > > > ? ? ? ?outfile=open("fileName", "a") > ? ? ? ?outfile.write(entry) > ? ? ? ?outfile.close() > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > There is an error before there: In the line entry = name + '|' + email + '|' + address + '|' + telephone + '|' + IpAddress + '|' + Time + "\n" None of the names are defined except IpAddress and Time. Everything else has "the_" prepended when it is defined earlier in the code, but, as you can see, not in the line were they are accessed. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From wescpy at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 00:50:35 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 15:50:35 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> > Maybe you could break that up a bit? This is the tutor list, not a > one-liner competition! rather than one-liners, we can try to create the most "Pythonic" solution. below's my entry. :-) cheers, -wesley myMac$ cat parafiles.py #!/usr/bin/env python from itertools import izip from os.path import exists def parafiles(*files): vec = (open(f) for f in files if exists(f)) data = izip(*vec) [f.close() for f in vec] return data for data in parafiles('fileA.txt', 'fileB.txt'): print ' '.join(d.strip() for d in data) myMac$ cat fileA.txt FileA 12 15 18 20 myMac$ cat fileB.txt FileB 14 16 18 20 22 myMac$ parafiles.py FileA FileB 12 14 15 16 18 18 20 20 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From sander.sweers at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 01:09:32 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 01:09:32 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl>

Message-ID: 2009/7/17 Che M : > table = soup.find("td",id="dataTable tm10") Almost right. attrs should normall be a dict so {'class':'dataTable tm10'} but you can use a shortcut, read on. > ------------------------ > > When I look at the page source for that page, there is this section, which > contains the "dataTable tm10" table I want to zoom in on: > > ------------ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -------------- The tag you are looking for is table not td. The tag td is inside the table tag. So with shortcut it looks like, table = soup.find("table","dataTable tm10") or without shortcut, table = soup.find("table",{'class':'dataTable tm10'}) Greets Sander From roadierich at googlemail.com Sat Jul 18 01:19:23 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 00:19:23 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] large strings and garbage collection In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: 2009/7/17 Dinesh B Vadhia : > This was discussed in a previous post but I didn't see a solution.? Say, you > have > > for i in veryLongListOfStringValues: > ??? s += i > > As per previous post > (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.tutor/54029/focus=54139), > (quoting verbatim) "... the following happens inside the python interpreter: > > 1. get a reference to the current value of s. > 2. get a reference to the string value i. > 3. compute the new value += i, store it in memory, and make a reference to > it. > 4. drop the old reference of s (thus free-ing "abc") > 5. give s a reference to the newly computed value. > > After step 3 and before step 4, the old value of s is still referenced by s, > and the new value is referenced internally (so step 5 can be performed). In > other words, both the old and the new value are in memory at the same time > after step 3 and before step 4, and both are referenced (that is, they > cannot be garbage collected). ... " > > As s gets very large, how do you deal with this situation to avoid a memory > error or what I think will be a general slowing down of the system if the > for-loop is repeated a large number of times. > > Dinesh > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > If all you are doing is concatenating a list of strings, use the str.join() method, which is designed for the job: >>> listOfStrings ['And', 'now', 'for', 'something', 'completely', 'different.'] >>> print " ".join(listOfStrings) And now for something completely different. >>> print "_".join(listOfStrings) And_now_for_something_completely_different. If you need to perform other operations first, you can pass a generator expression as the argument, for example: >>> " ".join((s.upper() if n%2 else s.lower()) for n, s in enumerate(listOfStrings)) 'and NOW for SOMETHING completely DIFFERENT.' Hope that helps you. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From srilyk at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 01:27:52 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 18:27:52 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] sending to a file In-Reply-To: <83.13.27067.AD6F06A4@mxo5.broadbandsupport.net> References: <83.13.27067.AD6F06A4@mxo5.broadbandsupport.net> Message-ID: <333efb450907171627s6e53b28ajfd8b85c14d3918c5@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 5:10 PM, wrote: > > > On Fri Jul 17 17:51 , Wayne sent: > > >On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 1:55 PM, wrote: > > > > > > > > > >I have a form and script that works. I can enter values into the fields, > however > > > >the data will not show up on the server in the text file. The properties > for the > > > >file is 0777. Can the form cause this problem? > >Are the properties for the parent directories set to read/write? > >-Wayne > > Yes, they are for the owner. > If the script is being executed from a user that's not the owner, you'll have problems. Try letting the script create the file and see if you still have problems. HTH, Wayne -- To be considered stupid and to be told so is more painful than being called gluttonous, mendacious, violent, lascivious, lazy, cowardly: every weakness, every vice, has found its defenders, its rhetoric, its ennoblement and exaltation, but stupidity hasn?t. - Primo Levi -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From pine508 at hotmail.com Sat Jul 18 02:32:50 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 20:32:50 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl>

Message-ID: > Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 01:09:32 +0200 > From: sander.sweers at gmail.com > To: tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup > > 2009/7/17 Che M : > > table = soup.find("td",id="dataTable tm10") > > Almost right. attrs should normall be a dict so {'class':'dataTable > tm10'} but you can use a shortcut, read on. > > > ------------------------ > > > > When I look at the page source for that page, there is this section, which > > contains the "dataTable tm10" table I want to zoom in on: > > > > ------------ > >

	Current:	High:	Low:	Average:
Temperature:	> 73.6 °F >	> 83.3 °F >	> 64.2 °F >	> 74.1 °F >

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > -------------- > > The tag you are looking for is table not td. The tag td is inside the > table tag. So with shortcut it looks like, > > table = soup.find("table","dataTable tm10") > > or without shortcut, > > table = soup.find("table",{'class':'dataTable tm10'}) > > Greets > Sander Thank you. I was able to find the table in the soup this way. After a surprising amount of tinkering (for some reason this Soup is more like chowder than broth for me still), I was able to get my goal, that 74.1 above, using this: ------------------- import urllib2 from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup url = "http://www.wunderground.com/weatherstation/WXDailyHistory.asp?ID=KPAJAMES1&month=7&day=16&year=2009" page = urllib2.urlopen(url) soup = BeautifulSoup(page) table = soup.find("table","dataTable tm10") #find the table tbody = table.find("tbody") #find the table's body alltd = tbody.findAll('td') #find all the td's temp_full = alltd[4] #identify the 4th td, the one I want. print 'temp_full = ', temp_full temp = temp_full.findNext('span','b').renderContents() #into the span and b and render print 'temp = ', temp ---------------------- Does this seem like the right (most efficient/readable) way to do this? Thanks for your time. CM _________________________________________________________________ Hotmail? has ever-growing storage! Don?t worry about storage limits. http://windowslive.com/Tutorial/Hotmail/Storage?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_HM_Tutorial_Storage_062009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Sat Jul 18 08:31:57 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 23:31:57 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] large strings and garbage collection In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: join with generator expression is what was needed. terrific! From: Rich Lovely Sent: Friday, July 17, 2009 4:19 PM To: Dinesh B Vadhia Cc: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] large strings and garbage collection 2009/7/17 Dinesh B Vadhia : > This was discussed in a previous post but I didn't see a solution. Say, you > have > > for i in veryLongListOfStringValues: > s += i > > As per previous post > (http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.tutor/54029/focus=54139), > (quoting verbatim) "... the following happens inside the python interpreter: > > 1. get a reference to the current value of s. > 2. get a reference to the string value i. > 3. compute the new value += i, store it in memory, and make a reference to > it. > 4. drop the old reference of s (thus free-ing "abc") > 5. give s a reference to the newly computed value. > > After step 3 and before step 4, the old value of s is still referenced by s, > and the new value is referenced internally (so step 5 can be performed). In > other words, both the old and the new value are in memory at the same time > after step 3 and before step 4, and both are referenced (that is, they > cannot be garbage collected). ... " > > As s gets very large, how do you deal with this situation to avoid a memory > error or what I think will be a general slowing down of the system if the > for-loop is repeated a large number of times. > > Dinesh > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > If all you are doing is concatenating a list of strings, use the str.join() method, which is designed for the job: >>> listOfStrings ['And', 'now', 'for', 'something', 'completely', 'different.'] >>> print " ".join(listOfStrings) And now for something completely different. >>> print "_".join(listOfStrings) And_now_for_something_completely_different. If you need to perform other operations first, you can pass a generator expression as the argument, for example: >>> " ".join((s.upper() if n%2 else s.lower()) for n, s in enumerate(listOfStrings)) 'and NOW for SOMETHING completely DIFFERENT.' Hope that helps you. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Sat Jul 18 08:28:55 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 11:58:55 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <11872.210.212.36.65.1247898535.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Thankyou sir it is working.....but one more thing i want to ask that if my file will have entries like:--- fileA and fileB 12 10 13 12 14 15 means if their no. of entries will not match then how to combine them(both input files have more than one column). Thanks, Amrita >> Maybe you could break that up a bit? This is the tutor list, not a >> one-liner competition! > > rather than one-liners, we can try to create the most "Pythonic" > solution. below's my entry. :-) > > cheers, > -wesley > > myMac$ cat parafiles.py > #!/usr/bin/env python > > from itertools import izip > from os.path import exists > > def parafiles(*files): > vec = (open(f) for f in files if exists(f)) > data = izip(*vec) > [f.close() for f in vec] > return data > > for data in parafiles('fileA.txt', 'fileB.txt'): > print ' '.join(d.strip() for d in data) > > myMac$ cat fileA.txt > FileA > 12 > 15 > 18 > 20 > > myMac$ cat fileB.txt > FileB > 14 > 16 > 18 > 20 > 22 > > myMac$ parafiles.py > FileA FileB > 12 14 > 15 16 > 18 18 > 20 20 > > - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 > "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 > http://corepython.com > > wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com > python training and technical consulting > cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca > http://cyberwebconsulting.com > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From roadierich at googlemail.com Sat Jul 18 08:59:29 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 07:59:29 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <11872.210.212.36.65.1247898535.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> <11872.210.212.36.65.1247898535.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: 2009/7/18 : > Thankyou sir it is working.....but one more thing i want to ask that if my > file will have entries like:--- > > fileA and fileB > 12 ? ? ? ? 10 > 13 ? ? ? ? 12 > 14 > 15 > > means if their no. of entries will not match then how to combine them(both > input files have more than one column). > > Thanks, > Amrita > > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > That depends entirely on what you want to happen when you encounter a row that doesn't have an entry in one of the files. The previous code, using izip(), will stop at the end of the shortest file. If you want to pad the short file, (i.e. add values to make it the same length as the longer file) you can use itertools.izip_longest(). Look it up in the docs for usage. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From wescpy at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 09:46:32 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 00:46:32 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> <11872.210.212.36.65.1247898535.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907180046q79a2f45crfe28c418c342d302@mail.gmail.com> >> Thankyou sir it is working.....but one more thing i want to ask that if my >> file will have entries like:--- >> >> fileA and fileB >> 12 ? ? ? ? 10 >> 13 ? ? ? ? 12 >> 14 >> 15 >> >> means if their no. of entries will not match then how to combine them(both >> input files have more than one column). this is up to you and what type of solution you want to implement. rich (see below) has a great idea that you can use to address your situation. one thing that is *very* important is to not just copy a working solution that tutors have posted, but to truly study each snippet of code to fully understand exactly how every line works, because you will have to come up with solutions on your own at some point, so this should be a good lesson to learn. so far, several examples have been posted, but you should compare and contrast them, and decide for yourself which ones you like, which ones you don't, and why (or why not). you will become a much better Python programmer in a shorter period of time! the tutors are here to help get you jumpstarted with the language, and not necessarily to always provide you with an answer. > That depends entirely on what you want to happen when you encounter a > row that doesn't have an entry in one of the files. ?The previous > code, using izip(), will stop at the end of the shortest file. ?If you > want to pad the short file, (i.e. add values to make it the same > length as the longer file) you can use itertools.izip_longest(). ?Look > it up in the docs for usage. excellent idea... i would highly encourage everyone to study this module. it has breaktaking Python code, much in line with snippets you'd find in the Cookbook, and yes, i expose students to this in my intro Python course! http://docs.python.org/library/itertools.html cheers, -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Python Web Development with Django", Addison Wesley, (c) 2009 http://withdjango.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From wescpy at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 09:57:42 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 00:57:42 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907180046q79a2f45crfe28c418c342d302@mail.gmail.com> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> <11872.210.212.36.65.1247898535.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <78b3a9580907180046q79a2f45crfe28c418c342d302@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907180057l270a45f5n20541f08d6afb8cd@mail.gmail.com> on a related note, there is a module called fileinput that doesn't do what you (the OP) need for this particular problem, but it is one to keep in mind for the future as there may be a situation for which it is the right tool. it doesn't get a lot of buzz but can come in handy -- for me, it was in a code golf* contest. :-) http://docs.python.org/library/fileinput.html * - on the topic of code golf -- http://codegolf.com -- certainly, solutions for these contests shouldn't be placed in production, but they are fun and interesting challenges while exercising your knowledge of a programming language. best regards, -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From sander.sweers at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 14:28:38 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 14:28:38 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl>

Message-ID: 2009/7/18 Che M : > table = soup.find("table","dataTable tm10")? #find the table > tbody = table.find("tbody")????????????????? #find the table's body You can do this in one step. tbody = soup.find('tbody') Greets Sander From cpeachey at sfu.ca Sat Jul 18 04:53:44 2009 From: cpeachey at sfu.ca (Cassandra Peachey) Date: Fri, 17 Jul 2009 19:53:44 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Help with % conversion to output colour Message-ID: <224729952.4378001247885624183.JavaMail.root@jaguar7.sfu.ca> Hi, I'm working on an assignment that requires the user RGB requested output to create a colour block in fractional steps.? I'm pretty much down to the last bit, however, I've hit a road block in that my percentages are not showing as a colour block but as the

tag percentages. Any suggestions on what I'm missing to output the %'s into the colour block showing colour? Thanks for any help. Cassandra import cgi form = cgi.FieldStorage() # print HTTP/HTML header stuff print "Content-type: text/html" print print""" Colour Blend

Colour Blend

Here is a mix of the colours you specified:

""" red1 = int(form["red1"].value) green1 = int(form["green1"].value) blue1 = int(form["blue1"].value) red2 = int(form["red2"].value) green2 = int(form["green2"].value) blue2 = int(form["blue2"].value) nsteps = int(form["steps"].value) if nsteps > 150: ??? nsteps = 150 for i in range(0,nsteps-1): ??? fraction = (i+1.0)/nsteps ??? r = (1-fraction)*red1 + fraction*red2 ??? g = (1-fraction)*green1 + fraction*green2 ??? b = (1-fraction)*blue1 + fraction*blue2 ??? print '

" print "" -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From motoom at xs4all.nl Sat Jul 18 14:37:56 2009 From: motoom at xs4all.nl (Michiel Overtoom) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 14:37:56 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] weather scraping with Beautiful Soup In-Reply-To: References:

<4A605218.7010702@xs4all.nl> <4A60B781.3090208@xs4all.nl>

Message-ID: <4A61C224.8050601@xs4all.nl> Sander Sweers wrote: > 2009/7/18 Che M : >> table = soup.find("table","dataTable tm10") #find the table >> tbody = table.find("tbody") #find the table's body > > You can do this in one step. > > tbody = soup.find('tbody') Yeah, but what if the document contains multiple tables, and you want explicitely the one with the class 'dataTable tm10'? In such a case it doesn't hurt to progressively narrow down on the wanted element. It also makes the scrape code more robust against page changes. Someone could add an extra table to the start of the page to host a search box, for example. From bgailer at gmail.com Sat Jul 18 15:50:44 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 09:50:44 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Help with % conversion to output colour In-Reply-To: <224729952.4378001247885624183.JavaMail.root@jaguar7.sfu.ca> References: <224729952.4378001247885624183.JavaMail.root@jaguar7.sfu.ca> Message-ID: <4A61D334.6070202@gmail.com> Cassandra Peachey wrote: > > Hi, > > > > I'm working on an assignment that requires the user RGB requested > output to create a colour block in fractional steps. I'm pretty much > down to the last bit, however, I've hit a road block in that my > percentages are not showing as a colour block but as the

tag > percentages. > > > > Any suggestions on what I'm missing to output the %'s into the colour > block showing colour? > > > > Thanks for any help. > > Cassandra > > > > import cgi > form = cgi.FieldStorage() > > # print HTTP/HTML header stuff > print "Content-type: text/html" > print > print""" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";> > > > Colour Blend > > > >

Colour Blend

Here is a mix of the colours you specified:

""" > > red1 = int(form["red1"].value) > green1 = int(form["green1"].value) > blue1 = int(form["blue1"].value) > > red2 = int(form["red2"].value) > green2 = int(form["green2"].value) > blue2 = int(form["blue2"].value) > > nsteps = int(form["steps"].value) > > if nsteps > 150: > nsteps = 150 > > for i in range(0,nsteps-1): > fraction = (i+1.0)/nsteps > r = (1-fraction)*red1 + fraction*red2 > g = (1-fraction)*green1 + fraction*green2 > b = (1-fraction)*blue1 + fraction*blue2 > print '

" > The output of that is (e.g.)

" > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From tycho at tycho.ws Sat Jul 18 18:18:25 2009 From: tycho at tycho.ws (Tycho Andersen) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 11:18:25 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Very wierd namespace problem In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907171002t61db5ad3r4d726a524bb1d27b@mail.gmail.com> References: <1c2a2c590907171002t61db5ad3r4d726a524bb1d27b@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <49b3a7400907180918jc554edal446f768e5c30a15e@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 12:02 PM, Kent Johnson wrote: > Names beginning with __ are 'mangled' to make them sort of secret. > This is a feature: > http://docs.python.org/reference/expressions.html#index-889 Just to add a bit, this interpreter session may be enlightening: >>> class a: ... def __method(): ... pass ... >>> dir(a()) ['__doc__', '__module__', '_a__method'] \t From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Sat Jul 18 23:42:54 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 14:42:54 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID: During recent program testing, I ran a few Python programs from a Windows XP batch file which causes a memory error for one of the programs. If I run the same set of programs from the Python interpreter no memory error occurs. Any idea why this might be? Dinesh -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sun Jul 19 00:17:16 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 23:17:16 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file References: Message-ID: "Dinesh B Vadhia" wrote > During recent program testing, I ran a few Python programs > from a Windows XP batch file which causes a memory error > for one of the programs. If I run the same set of programs > from the Python interpreter no memory error occurs. > Any idea why this might be? I'm not sure I understand what you are doing? Are you saying that in your bat file you entered commands like python file1.py python file2.py python file3.py And when you executed that bat file it gave a memory error? If so was that for a specific python file or was it for the bat file itself? And are you also saying that if you start a command window and type at the DOS prompt: C:\> python file1.py C:\> python file2.py C:\> python file3.py You don't get any errors? How are you running the bat file? Are you running it from the same DOS prompt that you run the python commansds or are you starting it some other way? Can you clarify please? -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From jeff at dcsoftware.com Sun Jul 19 00:24:10 2009 From: jeff at dcsoftware.com (Jeff Johnson) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 15:24:10 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A624B8A.6050906@dcsoftware.com> Need more information. Python works on Windows as good as anything else. Maybe even better. Dinesh B Vadhia wrote: > During recent program testing, I ran a few Python programs from a > Windows XP batch file which causes a memory error for one of the > programs. If I run the same set of programs from the Python interpreter > no memory error occurs. Any idea why this might be? > > Dinesh Jeff Jeff Johnson jeff at dcsoftware.com Phoenix Python User Group - sunpiggies at googlegroups.com From ctcast at gmail.com Sun Jul 19 07:15:16 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 00:15:16 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <4A60B95A.9090205@gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> <4A5F96DE.90205@gmail.com> <50e459210907162259s35568073h858081b9cf8df5dd@mail.gmail.com> <4A60B95A.9090205@gmail.com> Message-ID: <50e459210907182215i3a8fda9eo38e3312f3e17eaae@mail.gmail.com> so could I also replace the score of each bowler (key value) in the dictionary with a new key such as "below average" or "above average" according to each if-elif-else structure and then write to a text file in the following format? Jim Above Average Sue Below Average Bob Perfect score On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 12:48 PM, bob gailer wrote: > Chris Castillo wrote: > >> how would i go about adding the names to a dictionary as a key and the >> scores as a value in this code? >> >> >> # refactored for better use of Python, correct logic, and flow > > scores = {} # empty dictionary > total = 0 > for line in open("bowlingscores.txt", "r"): > if line.strip().isdigit(): > score = int(line) > scores[name] = score > total += score > else: > name = line.strip() > averageScore = total / len(scores) > fileOut = open("bowlingaverages.txt", "w") > fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 50) + "\n") > for name, score in scores.items(): > if score == 300: > score = "\tPerfect score!" > elif score < averageScore: > score = "\tBelow average" > elif score > averageScore: > score = "\tAbove average!" > else: > score = "\tAverage!" > print name, score > > > -- > Bob Gailer > Chapel Hill NC > 919-636-4239 > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Sun Jul 19 07:25:53 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 22:25:53 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file In-Reply-To: <4A624B8A.6050906@dcsoftware.com> References: <4A624B8A.6050906@dcsoftware.com> Message-ID: Not much more information available. Have a batch file (eg. 'test.bat') with entries: python "program a.py" python "program b.py" python "program c.py" python "program e.py" ... One of the programs (eg. 'program c.py') fails with a memory error when performing a pickle.dump: Traceback (most recent call last): ... File "....py", line 176, in pickleObject pickle.dump(self, f, 2) MemoryError When the programs are run in the same order from the Python interpreter there are no memory errors. This has happened before and it seems odd behavior. Dinesh From: Jeff Johnson Sent: Saturday, July 18, 2009 3:24 PM To: Dinesh B Vadhia Cc: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Need more information. Python works on Windows as good as anything else. Maybe even better. Dinesh B Vadhia wrote: > During recent program testing, I ran a few Python programs from a > Windows XP batch file which causes a memory error for one of the > programs. If I run the same set of programs from the Python interpreter > no memory error occurs. Any idea why this might be? > > Dinesh Jeff Jeff Johnson jeff at dcsoftware.com Phoenix Python User Group - sunpiggies at googlegroups.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sun Jul 19 08:18:08 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 07:18:08 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file References: <4A624B8A.6050906@dcsoftware.com> Message-ID: "Dinesh B Vadhia" wrote > Not much more information available. > Have a batch file (eg. 'test.bat') with entries: > > python "program a.py" > python "program b.py" > python "program c.py" > > One of the programs (eg. 'program c.py') fails with a > memory error when performing a pickle.dump: > > Traceback (most recent call last): > ... > File "....py", line 176, in pickleObject > pickle.dump(self, f, 2) > MemoryError > > When the programs are run in the same order from the > Python interpreter there are no memory errors. Can you elaborate on how you run the programs. It looks like an environmental issue so we need to know exactly what you are doing. How do you run the bat file? How do you run the programs "from the Python interpreter" Are you using Windows Explorer or a CMD wondow? or the Start->Run dialog etc? Which folders are you starting from in each case? > This has happened before and it seems odd behavior. So how did you fix it before? I've never seen or heard of this before. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Sun Jul 19 14:40:41 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 05:40:41 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID: 1. Run Python Programs with Batch file Python programs run from a Windows XP batch file (test.bat) in a CMD window initiated from Windows Explorer. All programs except one execute successfully which stops with a memory error but batch file continues to execute other Python programs (as it should). 2. Run Python Programs with Python Interpreter Fire up Python Interpreter, open .py program, Run. When the program with the memory error in 1. is run independently as in 2. it works. Dinesh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Message: 4 Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 07:18:08 +0100 From: "Alan Gauld" To: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID: Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="Windows-1252"; reply-type=original "Dinesh B Vadhia" wrote > Not much more information available. > Have a batch file (eg. 'test.bat') with entries: > > python "program a.py" > python "program b.py" > python "program c.py" > > One of the programs (eg. 'program c.py') fails with a > memory error when performing a pickle.dump: > > Traceback (most recent call last): > ... > File "....py", line 176, in pickleObject > pickle.dump(self, f, 2) > MemoryError > > When the programs are run in the same order from the > Python interpreter there are no memory errors. Can you elaborate on how you run the programs. It looks like an environmental issue so we need to know exactly what you are doing. How do you run the bat file? How do you run the programs "from the Python interpreter" Are you using Windows Explorer or a CMD wondow? or the Start->Run dialog etc? Which folders are you starting from in each case? > This has happened before and it seems odd behavior. So how did you fix it before? I've never seen or heard of this before. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From goodpotatoes at yahoo.com Sun Jul 19 07:34:53 2009 From: goodpotatoes at yahoo.com (gpo) Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 22:34:53 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] UnicodeEncodeError Message-ID: <24554280.post@talk.nabble.com> I'm doing a simple excercise in reading a file, and printing each line. However, I'm getting this error. The file is a windows txt file, ecoded in ANSI(ascii). I don't understand why Pythin is displaying a Unicode error. Here is my script: f=open('I:\\PythonScripts\\statement.txt') for line in f: print (line) f.close() statement.txt is just a copy of the text from an article at (http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/43296/98/) into notepad. The error I get is: Traceback (most recent call last): File "I:\PythonScripts\fileloop.py", line 9, in print (line) File "C:\Python31\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 19, in encode return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0] UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\u2014' in position 10: character maps to I've looked this up, and see that others have had a similar error; however, I don't see any thing saying what I should be encoding to/from since my input and output files are both ascii. -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/UnicodeEncodeError-tp24554280p24554280.html Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From bgailer at gmail.com Sun Jul 19 14:53:38 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 08:53:38 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A631752.5060202@gmail.com> Dinesh B Vadhia wrote: > 1. Run Python Programs with Batch file > Python programs run from a Windows XP batch file (test.bat) in a CMD > window initiated from Windows Explorer. All programs except one > execute successfully which stops with a memory error but batch file > continues to execute other Python programs (as it should). What happens if you open a CMD window, run program 1, close CMD window, and repeat for the other programs? -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From metolone+gmane at gmail.com Sun Jul 19 18:47:02 2009 From: metolone+gmane at gmail.com (Mark Tolonen) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 09:47:02 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] UnicodeEncodeError References: <24554280.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: "gpo" wrote in message news:24554280.post at talk.nabble.com... > > I'm doing a simple excercise in reading a file, and printing each line. > However, I'm getting this error. The file is a windows txt file, ecoded > in > ANSI(ascii). I don't understand why Pythin is displaying a Unicode error. > > Here is my script: > > f=open('I:\\PythonScripts\\statement.txt') > for line in f: > print (line) > f.close() > > statement.txt is just a copy of the text from an article at > (http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/43296/98/) into notepad. > > The error I get is: > > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "I:\PythonScripts\fileloop.py", line 9, in > print (line) > File "C:\Python31\lib\encodings\cp437.py", line 19, in encode > return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_map)[0] > UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\u2014' in > position > 10: character maps to > > I've looked this up, and see that others have had a similar error; > however, > I don't see any thing saying what I should be encoding to/from since my > input and output files are both ascii. Notepad doesn't encode in ASCII. What it calls "ANSI" is the default file system encoding, which on US Windows is cp1252. I see you are using Python 3.1. When not given an explicit encoding, Python 3.1 defaults to the default file system encoding. It successfully reads the file, which happens to contain non-ASCII data. cp1252 supports the Unicode character \u2014 (EM DASH). However, when you try to print the file on the console, the console's default encoding is cp437 and doesn't support this character. On Python 3.1 there is a function, ascii(), that will display the contents of a string using ascii-only. Try print(ascii(line)). Another trick is to switch to Lucida Console font and change the console's code page to 1252 with the command "chcp 1252". This font and code page supports the EM DASH and will display the text properly with print(line). You can also use a shell that supports the full Unicode character set such as Idle or PythonWin instead of the console. -Mark From dkuhlman at rexx.com Sun Jul 19 20:56:15 2009 From: dkuhlman at rexx.com (Dave Kuhlman) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 11:56:15 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <20090719185615.GA5356@cutter.rexx.com> On Sun, Jul 19, 2009 at 05:40:41AM -0700, Dinesh B Vadhia wrote: > > 1. Run Python Programs with Batch file > > Python programs run from a Windows XP batch file (test.bat) in a CMD > window initiated from Windows Explorer. All programs except one > execute successfully which stops with a memory error but batch file > continues to execute other Python programs (as it should). > > > > 2. Run Python Programs with Python Interpreter > > Fire up Python Interpreter, open .py program, Run. > Dinesh - Please tell us how you did this. Did you type "python" at a command prompt and then see the ">>>" prompt? If so how did you "open .py program, Run"? Or, did you start Idle (or some other IDE) then click File-->Open, then run with the Run-->RunModule menu item? You have been asked several times for more information. You really need to read: http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html There are people on this list who are very generous with their time. It's a valuable resource. Please don't waste it. I don't mean to be rude. But, you will help us all, yourself included, if you think carefully when asking a question. - Dave -- Dave Kuhlman http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman From punkbohemian at yahoo.com Sun Jul 19 22:34:09 2009 From: punkbohemian at yahoo.com (Michael) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 13:34:09 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] hitting a wall (not a collision detection question :P) Message-ID: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> I have virtually no background in programming. I'm currently teaching myself python using the following books: Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional by Magnus Lie Hetland Beginning Python by Peter Norton et. al. Making Use of Python by Rashi Gupta Learning Python? by Mark Lutz as well as a variety of tutorials I picked up off the web. I'm using v.2.5.2, and I'm trying to upgrade to 2.6.2, but I'm running Linux/Ubuntu so the upgrade is giving me problems. The main reason I'm not using 3.1 is because all my books talk about 2.x. Ultimately, my goal is to delve into pygame and make some games and maybe some multimedia applications. I'd like my first project to be an old-school style RPG (e.g. Final Fantasy), as something with such simple graphics and interface would be a good benchmark of where I want to go from there. I've been progressing steadily, until now. At this point, I have a pretty solid understanding of strings, integers, tuples, lists, dictionaries, etc. and everything up to functions vs. methods and the basics of classes and OOP. This is where I'm hitting a wall. It's at this point the all the books go off in different directions and I'm not sure a) what I'm learning, b) why I'm learning it, and c) how this is going to help me get to my goals. I'm not really even understanding much of what these books are talking about at this point anyway. It's like a few chapters after "Classes and OOP" were torn out of all of them. So, I'm just wondering what I should be doing at this point. Sorry for the vague question, but I'm pretty lost right now and this is about as specific as I can be. Thanks in advance for any help. Michae -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Sun Jul 19 22:39:30 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 13:39:30 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID: Hi Dave Sorry, I wasn't being obtuse. Here is more info: 1. Run Python Programs with Batch file - OS (correction): Windows 64-bit Vista SP2 - Python 2.5.4 64 bit (AMD64) - The Python programs run from a Windows batch file (test.bat) in a CMD window initiated from Windows Explorer. All programs except one execute successfully which stops with a memory error but the batch file continues to execute the other Python programs (as it should). 2. Run Python Programs with Python Interpreter - Start Idle, File/Open .py program, Run/Run Module - When the program with the memory error in 1. is run independently with Idle it works. Bob Gailer suggested running the Python programs individually in CMD one after the other. This is sensible but my test programs run for days and the full suite of programs take longer. The programs are memory intensive (the 64-bit machine has 8gb ram). Hence, it is not easy to test this scenario right now. It seems to me as if Windows is not freeing up memory between Python invocations in the batch file but can't be sure. I said earlier that this has happened before but the fix, as now, is to run the program individually with Idle. Hth ... Dinesh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Message: 5 Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 11:56:15 -0700 From: Dave Kuhlman To: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID: <20090719185615.GA5356 at cutter.rexx.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii On Sun, Jul 19, 2009 at 05:40:41AM -0700, Dinesh B Vadhia wrote: > > 1. Run Python Programs with Batch file > > Python programs run from a Windows XP batch file (test.bat) in a CMD > window initiated from Windows Explorer. All programs except one > execute successfully which stops with a memory error but batch file > continues to execute other Python programs (as it should). > > > > 2. Run Python Programs with Python Interpreter > > Fire up Python Interpreter, open .py program, Run. > Dinesh - Please tell us how you did this. Did you type "python" at a command prompt and then see the ">>>" prompt? If so how did you "open .py program, Run"? Or, did you start Idle (or some other IDE) then click File-->Open, then run with the Run-->RunModule menu item? You have been asked several times for more information. You really need to read: http://catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html There are people on this list who are very generous with their time. It's a valuable resource. Please don't waste it. I don't mean to be rude. But, you will help us all, yourself included, if you think carefully when asking a question. - Dave -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From david at pythontoo.com Sun Jul 19 22:56:32 2009 From: david at pythontoo.com (David) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 16:56:32 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] hitting a wall (not a collision detection question :P) In-Reply-To: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> References: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <4A638880.1060601@pythontoo.com> Michael wrote: > I have virtually no background in programming.. I'm currently teaching > myself python using the following books: > > Beginning Python - From Novice to Professional by Magnus Lie Hetland > Beginning Python by Peter Norton et. al. > Making Use of Python by Rashi Gupta > Learning Python by Mark Lutz > > as well as a variety of tutorials I picked up off the web. I'm using > v.2.5.2, and I'm trying to upgrade to 2.6.2, but I'm running > Linux/Ubuntu so the upgrade is giving me problems. The main reason I'm > not using 3.1 is because all my books talk about 2.x. > > Ultimately, my goal is to delve into pygame and make some games and > maybe some multimedia applications. I'd like my first project to be an > old-school style RPG (e.g. Final Fantasy), as something with such simple > graphics and interface would be a good benchmark of where I want to go > from there. > > I've been progressing steadily, until now. At this point, I have a > pretty solid understanding of strings, integers, tuples, lists, > dictionaries, etc. and everything up to functions vs. methods and the > basics of classes and OOP. This is where I'm hitting a wall. It's at > this point the all the books go off in different directions and I'm not > sure a) what I'm learning, b) why I'm learning it, and c) how this is > going to help me get to my goals. I'm not really even understanding much > of what these books are talking about at this point anyway. It's like a > few chapters after "Classes and OOP" were torn out of all of them. > > So, I'm just wondering what I should be doing at this point. Sorry for > the vague question, but I'm pretty lost right now and this is about as > specific as I can be. Thanks in advance for any help. > > Michae > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor I am new to Python and never programed before. What has helped me is to think of something you want to automate, as an example I visit a few different sites each day to view new bugs reported. I made a program that emails me the differences from what I have gathered before. I take a piece of paper and write down the steps that I think this will take then start doing small pieces at a time and check each one to make sure it works, plus this gives me encouragement to continue. -david -- Powered by Gentoo GNU/Linux http://linuxcrazy.com From rabidpoobear at gmail.com Sun Jul 19 23:57:49 2009 From: rabidpoobear at gmail.com (Luke Paireepinart) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 16:57:49 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] hitting a wall (not a collision detection question :P) In-Reply-To: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> References: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: > Ultimately, my goal is to delve into pygame and make some games and maybe > some multimedia applications. I'd like my first project to be an old-school > style RPG (e.g. Final Fantasy), as something with such simple graphics and > interface would be a good benchmark of where I want to go from there I can recommend the book "Game Development with Python and Pygame" by Will McGugan. This may help you when you are working on the game, but you can also just use online resources if you'd like (that's what I did initially.) > > I've been progressing steadily, until now. At this point, I have a pretty > solid understanding of strings, integers, tuples, lists, dictionaries, etc. > and everything up to functions vs. methods and the basics of classes and > OOP. This is where I'm hitting a wall. It's at this point the all the books > go off in different directions and I'm not sure a) what I'm learning, b) why > I'm learning it, and c) how this is going to help me get to my goals. You're at the point now that you should start working on your own simple programs that do things you need to. The best way to learn is to come up with a problem and figure out how to solve it yourself. If you need any hints, we'd be happy to help. See, the thing about programming is that there are a lot of really advanced topics that don't necessarily help you or aren't necessarily useful for every problem. For example, Regular Expressions are very powerful and for certain applications, they're nearly indispensible. However, whenever I write a game in Pygame, I don't hardly ever use them. So writing an application you want to write will help you see the bigger picture, and how all the things you've learned so far can be utilized to achieve whatever goal you desire. Honestly if you already understand OOP and classes, you're a lot further along than a lot of people are. When I started writing Python I didn't understand OOP at all. In fact I went through quite a few programs without using it whatsoever. Later on, when I learned what OOP was, I went back and modified my programs and in some cases it simplified them quite a bit. But in some cases it wasn't even necessary and was maybe even more confusing to use OOP. I'm a Computer Science grad student right now, but everything that gets covered in class I've already learned through my own experimentation with Python, to a pretty large extent. You can learn a great deal independently, if you really want to. Free online resources and books go into incredibly advanced detail that you aren't expected to grasp immediately. It's a progressive thing. Try writing some simple apps and if you come up with a problem that you can't solve with the tools you have already learned how to use (or can't solve easily - most things in Python should be easy), let us know and we'll tell you which next section of the book you should read. HTH, -Luke From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 20 00:22:47 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:22:47 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file References: Message-ID: "Dinesh B Vadhia" wrote > Bob Gailer suggested running the Python programs individually > in CMD one after the other. This is sensible but my test programs > run for days and the full suite of programs take longer. OK, But it can't take longer than in IDLE? Or even in the bat file. So you can start the program running and then iconify it. The reason this is important is that IDLE catches some errors that the normal python interpreter does not So IDLE may be masking a real problem in your code. However... > The programs are memory intensive (the 64-bit machine > has 8gb ram). Hence, it is not easy to test this scenario > right now. Have you chedked in Task Manager how much RAM the python programs use up - they should be visible in the process tab. If it is a lot then maybe we can rewrite the code to use less memory (Or maybe leak less memory). > It seems to me as if Windows is not freeing up memory > between Python invocations in the batch file but can't be > sure. Windows should free up the memory, but it might depend on how you run the programs. In your earlier post you said the bat file contained lines like python foo.py python bar.py You could try usng the start command instead, as in: start foo.py You might want to explore the /I, /B and /WAIT options start gives you a lot more control over the execution environment. Notice you don;t need the 'python' because start uses the file association. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 20 00:36:03 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:36:03 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] hitting a wall (not a collision detection question :P) References: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: "Michael" wrote > ...everything up to functions vs. methods and the basics of classes > and OOP. This is where I'm hitting a wall. It's at this point the all the > books go off in different directions OK, First thing is don;t worry about it, you are far from alone. Many, Many programmers (even long term pros) find the transition from functions to objects really hard to adjust to. Not surprising, since it doers require a new way of thinking about program structure. Eventually the OOP way will become second nature, in fact you might even find it hard to think about ordinary functions after a while! But it can take a while. > and I'm not sure a) what I'm learning, b) why I'm learning it, > and c) how this is going to help me get to my goals. It might be good to throw us some specific questions and we can try to answer them. General questions tend to produce vague answers! You can try my tutorial on OOP to see if that helps. Follow it up with the case study to see OOP in action. > I'm not really even understanding much of what these books > are talking about at this point anyway. Again, anything you are unsure about tell us and we can try to explain. That isd what this klist is really good at because there are many different perspectives who have all gone through the same learning curve. Someone likely has the same way if thinking about it as you do! > It's like a few chapters after "Classes and OOP" were torn out of all of > them. :-) > So, I'm just wondering what I should be doing at this point. Start writing code. Don't worry about OOP too much but look out for when you use objects in normal python code - like strings and files for example - and see how the library writers did things. Look for things in your code that sound like they might be objects, try writing a class to bring together the data and the functions that work on that data. The more you use objects and classes the more familiar they become and what works and doesn't work becomes obvious. Until you use them it all remains somewhat academic. > this is about as specific as I can be. Go back to those tutorials and find the bits you aren't sure about and just ask - what does this mean? How should I use this? And why? Is this a sensible way to program this? etc etc... We will try to help. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 20 00:39:10 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 23:39:10 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] UnicodeEncodeError References: <24554280.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: "Mark Tolonen" wrote > ... I see you are using Python 3.1. ... > > You can also use a shell that supports the full Unicode character set > such as Idle or PythonWin instead of the console. As a matter of interest - and somewhat off topic - does anyone know if there is a Python 3 (3.0 or 3.1) version of Pythonwin out yet? Too lazy to look :-) Alan G From cosmicsand27 at yahoo.com Mon Jul 20 01:12:50 2009 From: cosmicsand27 at yahoo.com (Raj Medhekar) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 16:12:50 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Using insert method on a list matrix Message-ID: <980911.94039.qm@web43411.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> I would like to know how I could use the insert method in a List matrix eg. for the matrix below M=[[1,2,3], [3,2,1], [4,3,2]] if wanted to insert the string 'pod' in list [0] before [1] in list [0] in M using the built in method insert How would I go about doing this? I've tried may List Comprehension possibilities but none of then worked. Below are some of the things I tried. >>> M=[[1,2,3], [3,2,1], [4,3,2]] >>> M.insert([1][1], 'pod') Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in M.insert([1][1], 'pod') IndexError: list index out of range >>> [row[0] for row in M.insert(1, 'pod')] Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in [row[0] for row in M.insert(1, 'pod')] TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable >>> M.insert(1,'pod') >>> M [[1, 2, 3], 'pod', 'pod', [3, 2, 1], [4, 3, 2]] >>> M.insert[0](1,'pod') Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in M.insert[0](1,'pod') TypeError: 'builtin_function_or_method' object is unsubscriptable Any help is greatly appreciated! Thanks! -Raj -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ksterling at mindspring.com Mon Jul 20 02:16:11 2009 From: ksterling at mindspring.com (Ken Oliver) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 20:16:11 -0400 (EDT) Subject: [Tutor] Using insert method on a list matrix Message-ID: <25022013.1248048971478.JavaMail.root@elwamui-norfolk.atl.sa.earthlink.net> An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From metolone+gmane at gmail.com Mon Jul 20 02:53:30 2009 From: metolone+gmane at gmail.com (Mark Tolonen) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 17:53:30 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] UnicodeEncodeError References: <24554280.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: "Alan Gauld" wrote in message news:h407ah$lcg$1 at ger.gmane.org... > > "Mark Tolonen" wrote >> ... I see you are using Python 3.1. ... >> >> You can also use a shell that supports the full Unicode character set >> such as Idle or PythonWin instead of the console. > > As a matter of interest - and somewhat off topic - does anyone > know if there is a Python 3 (3.0 or 3.1) version of Pythonwin out yet? > > Too lazy to look :-) Yes. PythonWin 214 is the latest version and supports 3.0 and 3.1. -Mark From pine508 at hotmail.com Mon Jul 20 03:01:48 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 21:01:48 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] hitting a wall (not a collision detection question :P) In-Reply-To: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> References: <384462.43602.qm@web57508.mail.re1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: So, I'm just wondering what I should be doing at this point. Sorry for the vague question, but I'm pretty lost right now and this is about as specific as I can be. Thanks in advance for any help. Michae I started from scratch a 3 years ago and my advice would be: - Accept confusion. Marinate in it. Don't fight it. Clarity will come, with time. It is easy to get overwhelmed early. Take a break, get some hours of slow wave sleep, it will be clearer next time you engage it, probably. - "I'm in a hurry, so dress me slowly". Clarity and rushing don't mix well ever, but it is particularly bad with computer code. - Make your function names meaningful: long enough to tell what they do. Make functions verbs, like GetDatabaseInformation(), and not just Database() or worse, D(). (This is my opinion, at least). And comment your own practice code with explanations if that is helpful to you. - Keep a notebook/file of what you have learned and where to find it again online if you need to refresh. - Use this list and other lists (if there is a pyGame list, e.g.). Great people in the Python community. Ask good questions, too: http://catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html - Once you have the basics a bit beyond "Hello, World!", don't just try to learn everything--learn *per task*. So find what task you want, and try something simple to begin, establish that, and then move on. - Tutorials I've enjoyed and learned from: Alan Gauld's Learning to Program http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/ Effbot's Guide to the Standard Python Library http://effbot.org/zone/librarybook-index.htm Various Beginner video screencasts on ShowMeDo, incl. lots on beginning Python. www.showMeDo.com Good luck, Che _________________________________________________________________ Bing? brings you maps, menus, and reviews organized in one place. Try it now. http://www.bing.com/search?q=restaurants&form=MLOGEN&publ=WLHMTAG&crea=TXT_MLOGEN_Local_Local_Restaurants_1x1 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ctcast at gmail.com Mon Jul 20 04:56:30 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2009 21:56:30 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] reading complex data types from text file In-Reply-To: <50e459210907182215i3a8fda9eo38e3312f3e17eaae@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907151155w30a924faneda1d2ac8ffc33db@mail.gmail.com> <24a9d1f30907160626l4d9ec239i996e22e7a42231b1@mail.gmail.com> <50e459210907161120i5176e1do744a399cb26eb6d@mail.gmail.com> <4A5F96DE.90205@gmail.com> <50e459210907162259s35568073h858081b9cf8df5dd@mail.gmail.com> <4A60B95A.9090205@gmail.com> <50e459210907182215i3a8fda9eo38e3312f3e17eaae@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <50e459210907191956v43e446ecs8cb0b662ea37467b@mail.gmail.com> okay so I figured my program out. I am posting the final version so if someone else is having problems with something like this it may benefit the community. (comments are included to help those who might not understand the code) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ''' Program reads names of bowlers and their corresponding scores, then writes their names to a new text file with a description of either below average, average, above average or a perfect score ''' scores = {} # empty dictionary total = 0 #initalize total to 0 value for line in open("bowlingscores.txt", "r"): # iterate through txt file with names and scores if line.strip().isdigit(): score = int(line) # convert score into int type scores[name] = score # add scores to dictionary total += score # add score to running total else: name = line.strip() # if the line isn't a digit name will be the key in the dictionary averageScore = total / len(scores) # get average of all scores fileOut = open("bowlingaverages.txt", "w") # create a file to write names and scores to fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 50) + "\n") # header for name, score in scores.items(): #iterate through each score in the dictionary to get an score value for each player if score == 300: score = "\tPerfect score!\n" scores[name] = score elif score < averageScore: score = "\tBelow average\n" scores[name] = score elif score > averageScore: score = "\tAbove average!\n" scores[name] = score else: score = "\tAverage!\n" scores[name] = score for items in scores.items(): #iterate through the items in the dictionary and format them to the output file fileOut.write("%s%s\n" % items) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- your output for this code should look like this inside the text file: *Bowling Report -------------------------------------------------- sue Below average bill Above average! nat Below average tom Perfect score!* Thanks to everyone who helped me with this. On Sun, Jul 19, 2009 at 12:15 AM, Chris Castillo wrote: > so could I also replace the score of each bowler (key value) in the > dictionary with a new key such as "below average" or "above average" > according to each if-elif-else structure and then write to a text file in > the following format? > > Jim Above Average > Sue Below Average > Bob Perfect score > > > On Fri, Jul 17, 2009 at 12:48 PM, bob gailer wrote: > >> Chris Castillo wrote: >> >>> how would i go about adding the names to a dictionary as a key and the >>> scores as a value in this code? >>> >>> >>> # refactored for better use of Python, correct logic, and flow >> >> scores = {} # empty dictionary >> total = 0 >> for line in open("bowlingscores.txt", "r"): >> if line.strip().isdigit(): >> score = int(line) >> scores[name] = score >> total += score >> else: >> name = line.strip() >> averageScore = total / len(scores) >> fileOut = open("bowlingaverages.txt", "w") >> fileOut.write("Bowling Report\n" + ("-" * 50) + "\n") >> for name, score in scores.items(): >> if score == 300: >> score = "\tPerfect score!" >> elif score < averageScore: >> score = "\tBelow average" >> elif score > averageScore: >> score = "\tAbove average!" >> else: >> score = "\tAverage!" >> print name, score >> >> >> -- >> Bob Gailer >> Chapel Hill NC >> 919-636-4239 >> > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From yam.matt at gmail.com Mon Jul 20 09:04:32 2009 From: yam.matt at gmail.com (Mazhar Hussain) Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2009 13:04:32 +0600 Subject: [Tutor] Pygame Message-ID: Hello All! My name is Mazhar Hussain, and I am new to python, in fact, I am new to programming as a whole. I dont know if its the right list to talk about this. I am really interested in 2d games, especially 2d games. I am also interested in making games. I searched for a lot of programming languages but I didnt like anyone of them, either they were too hard to learn or not suitable to make games. But then I found Python. I had heard that it was very easy to learn and great for making games, it also had a binding for SDL called pygame. But the main games I want to create are: a pokemon clone, a megaman battle network clone and a world of goo like game. I just want to know if I can make these type of games with pygame(before learning python). If it can then I'll start learning python right away but if it cant then I think I may better find another language. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 20 09:33:29 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2009 08:33:29 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Using insert method on a list matrix References: <980911.94039.qm@web43411.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: "Raj Medhekar" wrote >I would like to know how I could use the insert method in a > List matrix OK, A list "matrix" is just a list containing other lists. TThere is nothing special about it, it is just an ordinary list. You could do it in two steps: firstList = M[0] firstList.insert(0,'pod') But it is just as easy to do it directly... > eg. for the matrix below > > M=[[1,2,3], [3,2,1], [4,3,2]] > > if wanted to insert the string 'pod' in list [0] before [1] in list [0] > in M You said it right the first time. You want to insert 'pod' into list[0], ie M[0] So you must call the insert method of that object and specify the index of the insertion there: 0 in your case. M[0].insert(...) >>>> M=[[1,2,3], [3,2,1], [4,3,2]] >>>> M.insert([1][1], 'pod') This makes no sense since insert() takes a single index because lists (always!) have a single dimension. In M's case it is a list of 3 elements, which elements just happen to be lists too. Also insert does not expect the index to be in brackets. >>>> [row[0] for row in M.insert(1, 'pod')] insert() returns None so the loop in this comprehension breaks, But you do get the insert syntax right this time. M should now look like M=[[1,2,3], 'pod', [3,2,1], [4,3,2]] >>>> M.insert(1,'pod') >>>> M > [[1, 2, 3], 'pod', 'pod', [3, 2, 1], [4, 3, 2]] You got it right here too but you are inserting it into M not into the first element of M. >>>> M.insert[0](1,'pod') So, one more time, it should be M[0].insert(0,'pod') HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 20 09:42:38 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2009 08:42:38 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Pygame References: Message-ID: "Mazhar Hussain" wrote > Hello All! My name is Mazhar Hussain, and I am new to python, Welcome to the tutor list > new to programming as a whole. I dont know if its the right list to talk > about this. Yes, we are here to help people learning Python, many of whom are also learning programming. There are a set of tutorials on the Python web site specifically designed for new programmers, here: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers You will notice one of these is specifically targetted at games writers. > I am really interested in 2d games, especially 2d games. I am also > interested in making games. I guess you might like games? > called pygame. But the main games I want to create are: a pokemon clone, > a > megaman battle network clone and a world of goo like game. I can't really help there, I've only heard of pokemon and never even seen it! Buty Pygame can produce a lot of games and even standard python can deliver simple interactive games. Unless you want the very fastest shoot 'em up type games Pygame should suffice. And if you do want the fastest shoot 'em up you have an awful lot of learning to do first!! :-) > If it can then I'll start learning python right away but if it cant then > I > think I may better find another language. If you start learning python you will probably learn the fundamentals of programming much faster than if you use abnother language. Even if you then move to something else more "hard core" - like C++ - you will find the lessons you learned in Python still apply. Once you know one programming language learning a new one is very much easier. Finally, stick to Python v2 just now, Python v3 is not best suited to beginners yet. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com Mon Jul 20 11:08:26 2009 From: dineshbvadhia at hotmail.com (Dinesh B Vadhia) Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2009 02:08:26 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] python interpreter vs bat file Message-ID:

') self.response.out.write('

') : invalid syntax (main.py, line 206) ??????args?= ('invalid syntax', (r'C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py', 206, 78, " \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n")) ??????filename?= r'C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py' ??????lineno?= 206 ??????message?= '' ??????msg?= 'invalid syntax' ??????offset?= 78 ??????print_file_and_line?= None ??????text?= " \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n" -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 00:11:42 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:11:42 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Reading text until a certain point References: <5cb309e70907240839q6d87ba0eh757123259b3efaad@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Stefan Lesicnik" wrote > I have a file that has text in a certain format. Lets assume > > ''' > name: stefan > id: 12345 > color: blue > name: joe > id: 54321 > color: red > ''' > > The format is predictable. I understand for non predictable text, you > would > have to use pyparser or the like to build a match. There are lots of ways to do this, I might use a class which takes an open file and reads the three lines and extracts the data as part of the contructor... Untested pseudo code: class Item(object): def __init__(self, aFile): data = aFile.readline().strip().split(:) setattr(self, data[0], data[1]) items = [] f = open('myfile.txt') while f: items.append(Item(f)) This of course breaks my own rule about not having objects for data only but the intelligent constructor makes it worth it. :-) Also there might well be other things you want to do to these elements having collected them... > The problem being i dont really do something per line? I would like to > say > something like, for line until the next 'name', make that 1 element. > So i would like to then have a list or dict (this probably makes sense > for a > dict) with that group. I would then probably split it into various > elements. Just one alternative... -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From wescpy at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 00:25:30 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2009 15:25:30 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Syntax Problem In-Reply-To: <424472.18191.qm@web53602.mail.re2.yahoo.com> References: <424472.18191.qm@web53602.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907241525g3e5d75e0lcd42320eda7c852@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 24, 2009 at 2:34 PM, Jesse Harris wrote: > for d in Decks.all(): #loop thru all available decks > ????????? self.response.out.write('

') > self.response.out.write('

') > > : invalid syntax (main.py, line 206) > ??????args?= ('invalid syntax', (r'C:\Program > Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py', 206, 78, " > \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n")) > ??????filename?= r'C:\Program > Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py' > ??????lineno?= 206 > ??????message?= '' > ??????msg?= 'invalid syntax' > ??????offset?= 78 > ??????print_file_and_line?= None > ??????text?= " > \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n" can't really tell from the TB what the problem is, but perhaps changing the leading tabs to spaces may help, and make sure there is a clean linebreak between pair of lines in the for-loop (and also have leading spaces in front of the 2nd line). -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Python Web Development with Django", Addison Wesley, (c) 2009 http://withdjango.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 00:42:10 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:42:10 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Reading text until a certain point References: <5cb309e70907240839q6d87ba0eh757123259b3efaad@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Alan Gauld" wrote > class Item(object): > def __init__(self, aFile): > data = aFile.readline().strip().split(:) > setattr(self, data[0], data[1]) The last two lines should of course be repeated 3 times... Either in a loop or - for just 3 items - maybe hard coded... > items = [] > f = open('myfile.txt') > while f: # stop when file is empty > items.append( Item(f) ) # process 3 lines I also should have added that you need some exception handling in case the dta doesn't fit cleanly... but I did say it was pseudo code :-) Alan G From quasipedia at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 02:06:17 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 02:06:17 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Need to be pointed in the right direction for file organisation. Message-ID: <1248480377.15998.29.camel@jabbar> Hello everybody, I am new to python programming, but - thanks to "dive into python" - I had no difficulties in picking up the basics of the language and experimenting on my own with PyGTK and STORM. While I am working my way up to a more pythonic and cleaner style in the code, one thing that I have very confused ideas about is how I should organise my code, in terms of classes and files. I read and understood the basic definitions of module and packages (as explained in the abovementioned book) but yet now that I am developing a GUI application with PyGTK I found myself very confused on how I should best organise my code across various files. I would be very grateful if some of the fellow subscribers would take the time to point me out in the right direction. Don't hold back those answers that you might think are too obvious: I am very new to the topic so it might well be that what I miss is some broad concept, rather than some advanced very specific "trick" in the domain of PyGTK apps. Thanks in advance for your time and support, Mac. From amit.pureenergy at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 02:27:42 2009 From: amit.pureenergy at gmail.com (Amit Sethi) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 01:27:42 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] How to force stop a thread Message-ID: Hi , I am trying to implement python threads in a gtk based app . Now the thing is that in the application I have to fetch a lot of data from various sources from web. During this time I wish to show a dialog that indicates it to the user . During the same time I want to fetch data as well . Now to implement this I have done: a=Wait_dialog() gtk.gdk.threads_init() lock=thread.allocate_lock() thread.start_new_thread(show_dialog,(lock,a)) thread.start_new_thread(fetch,(lock,a)) Now I wish to stop the thread that shows the dialog so I can destroy the dialog and continue with normal app I am not able to understand how to do that ... Also is this the best way to do this kind of thing??? -- A-M-I-T S|S From cynicalairrick at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 05:34:12 2009 From: cynicalairrick at gmail.com (Luis Galvan) Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2009 20:34:12 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Reading and Manipulating XML Data Message-ID: <5cd723fd0907242034y39e20c2ane64e9acfd7abddae@mail.gmail.com> Being new to Python and programming, I'm having a very difficult time studying and finding helpful (beginner) documentation on XML. I'm at the point where I have learned the syntax and am just starting to get my feet wet with learning how to utilize it. (and by "utilizing it" I mean making useful programs) I've tackled a couple simple challenges by reading Mr. Wesley Chun's fantastic book, Core Python Programming, but now I want to move on to something a bit more ambitious where I don't necessarily have a helping hand along the way. A challenge I'm giving myself to further develop my programming skills is to make a script that can read an XML file from a specific game that has its own defined tags, etc and will allow you to manipulate the tags and their child contents. I've read about XML Parsing before and I'm hoping it can help me achieve this goal, however, the definition of XML Parsing seams a little foggy to me, which is where I need help. The 'net always gives me an exaggerated technical answer that is simply way over my head, so I'm asking, does parsing mean to read and manipulate data? If not, can someone provide an answer in lay man's terms? The last part of my question brings me back to the first part of this message. I can't seem to find any documentation on the internet that is ideal to the beginning programmer regarding XML parsing. There is either scarce documentation on modules such as minidom or just too little of a single article. For example, I was looking at a small article the other day teaching a little bit about parsing, but it was just so brief that it left me wanting more. You can't learn to bake a cake by forgetting the eggs, milk, and flour! Sorry for that horrible analogy, but I was hoping it would compliment my rant nicely. To make a long question short, what exactly is the complete definition of parsing in lay man's terms (I'm pretty sure I get the idea anyway, I just want to be sure) and what are some decent python xml parsing guides out there? Any help is much appreciated! -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ctcast at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 08:40:00 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 01:40:00 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File Message-ID: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> Okay I really need help with the program I am writing. I've can't seem to figure out what I need to do and have tried several different methods. I need to read in a text file in python that contains the following: Student Name ( could be unknown amount in file ) Numeric Grade ( could be unknown amount in file also ) Numeric Grade Numeric Grade 0 (zero value to terminate and move on to next student and their grades) I need to print the following to the screen: Student Name Numeric Grade, Numeric Grade, Numeric grade, etc.. - ( then A, B C, D, or F average ) PLEASE HELP ME. I need to put the grades into a list and process each student's grades before processing the next student's grades so that I can print each Name, their grades, and average on the same line ( like above ). Thanks -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From wescpy at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 08:52:40 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2009 23:52:40 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907242352y52da053aqe2621b17c5b5edb4@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 24, 2009 at 11:40 PM, Chris Castillo wrote: > Okay I really need help with the program I am writing. I've can't seem to > figure out what I need to do and have tried several different methods. hi chris, and welcome to Python! the tutors here are very helpful to those who are new to programming and/or new to Python. the best thing to do with regards to your issue is to show us some of those "different methods" that you used, and tell us what are the problems that you're encountering with each of them. cut-n-paste the exact errors if possible too. also keep in mind that we cannot just come up with a solution for you, especially if it is for a class assignment, project, or homework. we can help you work through a problem however. best of luck! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 10:16:50 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 09:16:50 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Reading and Manipulating XML Data References: <5cd723fd0907242034y39e20c2ane64e9acfd7abddae@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Luis Galvan" wrote > little foggy to me, which is where I need help. The 'net always gives me > an > exaggerated technical answer that is simply way over my head, so I'm > asking, > does parsing mean to read and manipulate data? If not, can someone > provide > an answer in lay man's terms? Others are better qualified than me to answer this but I'll have a go anyway... Parsing is about taking raw datya and making sense of it.. To try to turn a stream of data into meaningful tokens or values. The stream needs to be in a clearly defined structure (such as XML or a programming language grammar). The parser reads the stream and breaks it into meaningful values, such as tags etc for XML. It will usually build these up as a tree structure so that you can navigate the tree to locate sopecific bits of information. Thats as simple as I can describe it. If that's too basic come back with more specific questions. > The last part of my question brings me back to the first part of this > message. I can't seem to find any documentation on the internet that is > ideal to the beginning programmer regarding XML parsing. Have you read the ElementTree tutorial by Fred Lundh? Its fairly comprehensive and etree comes as opart of the standard Python library. I'd certainly recommend etree over minidom! http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm > ...what are some decent python xml parsing guides out > there? Any help is much appreciated! You could try reading Text Processing in Python which is a book but also available online at: http://gnosis.cx/TPiP/ HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 10:23:41 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 09:23:41 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Need to be pointed in the right direction for fileorganisation. References: <1248480377.15998.29.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: "Mac Ryan" wrote > While I am working my way up to a more pythonic and cleaner style in > the code, one thing that I have very confused ideas about is how I > should organise my code, in terms of classes and files. I don't think there is any definitive answer. - Put reusable components into modules. - Don't necessarily create a module per class, but rather gather related classes into a single module. - Build modules "bottom up" so that depenedencies tend to go one way, with higher level modules importing lower level ones. Beyond that there are many different approaches to organisation. They all have strengths and weaknesses. The good news is that Python is such a high level language that you rarely have projects with so many modules that you need to create sophisticated directory structures. Usually everything can fit in one project folder. (Zope, Django etc being good examples of exceptions! :-) -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From davea at ieee.org Sat Jul 25 11:33:13 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 05:33:13 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] What kind of number is this In-Reply-To: <652641e90907240854j56b2d078rc6424f95c8aef941@mail.gmail.com> References: <652641e90907240854j56b2d078rc6424f95c8aef941@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6AD159.8090404@ieee.org> Emad Nawfal (9E'/ FHAD) wrote: > Hi Tutors, > I have a bunch of text files that have many occurrences like the following > which I believe, given the context, are numbers: > > ١٨٧٢ > > ٥٧ > > ٢٠٠٨ > > etc. > > So, can somebody please explain what kind of numbers these are, and how I > can get the original numbers back. The files are in Arabic and were > downloaded from an Arabic website. > I'm running python2.6 on Ubuntu 9.04 > > Those are standard html encodings for some Unicode characters. Skipper has identified one of them as the digit '1' written in Arabic. I presume the others will also be recognizable to you, since you apparently know Arabic. The following text should be copied to a flie with extension .html Then you run that in a browser, to see the characters. DaveA Test Arabic Characters

Table of characters
1632 - ٠
1633 - ١
1634 - ٢
1635 - ٣
1636 - ٤
1637 - ٥
1638 - ٦
1639 - ٧
1640 - ٨
1641 - ٩

From davea at ieee.org Sat Jul 25 12:10:53 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 06:10:53 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Syntax Problem In-Reply-To: <424472.18191.qm@web53602.mail.re2.yahoo.com> References: <424472.18191.qm@web53602.mail.re2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <4A6ADA2D.2050900@ieee.org> Jesse Harris wrote: > for d in Decks.all(): #loop thru all available decks > self.response.out.write('

') > self.response.out.write('

') > > : invalid syntax (main.py, line 206) > > args = > ('invalid syntax', (r'C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py', 206, 78, " \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n")) > > filename = > r'C:\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\bangagears2\main.py' > > lineno = > 206 > > message = > '' > > msg = > 'invalid syntax' > > offset = > 78 > > print_file_and_line = > None > > text = > " \t\tself.response.out.write(''+d.description)\n" > > > > There are so many things wrong I'm not sure where to begin. This excerpt of code isn't nearly enough to compile, since it references lots of symbols not defined. And it's not formatted the same as your original. Your original definitely had tabs in it, as well as the normal spaces for indenting, which is asking for trouble. You shouldn't use the name 'self' when you're not inside a method definition (it's not an error, but it is sure confusing). If I take my best guess at some class and method definitions, and paste this fragment into a method of a class, and fix the indenting to what I might guess you were planning, it compiles and runs without problems. But I expected that, since the error is supposed to be in column 78, and you didn't have that many columns in your posting. Even if I add back in the two tabs you omitted, and count them as eight characters each, we're still ten characters short. Finally the error line displayed is not included in your excerpt. Since the error message used ellipses in its quoting of the line, we can't see it all. But if I had to guess, I'd say it was a case of mismatched quotation marks. Or two lines combined together (note the two occurrences of self.response.out.write() ) DaveA From davea at ieee.org Sat Jul 25 12:26:45 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 06:26:45 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6ADDE5.80709@ieee.org> Chris Castillo wrote: > Okay I really need help with the program I am writing. I've can't seem to > figure out what I need to do and have tried several different methods. > > I need to read in a text file in python that contains the following: > > Student Name ( could be unknown amount in file ) > Numeric Grade ( could be unknown amount in file also ) > Numeric Grade > Numeric Grade > 0 (zero value to terminate and move on to next student and their grades) > > I need to print the following to the screen: > Student Name Numeric Grade, Numeric Grade, Numeric grade, etc.. - ( then > A, B C, D, or F average ) > > PLEASE HELP ME. I need to put the grades into a list and process each > student's grades before processing the next student's grades so that I can > print each Name, their grades, and average on the same line ( like above ). > Thanks > > Generally, when I help someone with his homework, I expect him to have put some visible effort into solving the problem. So you've tried several different methods. Post the code from the most likely one of them, with a description of why it isn't doing what you needed, and one of us will probably be able to give you a hint to get past the trouble spot. Don't post generalities, but actual code. The whole thing should be less than a dozen lines. DaveA From emadnawfal at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 14:14:38 2009 From: emadnawfal at gmail.com (=?UTF-8?B?RW1hZCBOYXdmYWwgKNi52YXYp9ivINmG2YjZgdmEKQ==?=) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:14:38 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] What kind of number is this In-Reply-To: <4A6AD159.8090404@ieee.org> References: <652641e90907240854j56b2d078rc6424f95c8aef941@mail.gmail.com> <4A6AD159.8090404@ieee.org> Message-ID: <652641e90907250514m1566287aq75f675fd6336057f@mail.gmail.com> On 7/25/09, Dave Angel wrote: > Emad Nawfal (9E'/ FHAD) wrote: >> Hi Tutors, >> I have a bunch of text files that have many occurrences like the following >> which I believe, given the context, are numbers: >> >> ١٨٧٢ >> >> ٥٧ >> >> ٢٠٠٨ >> >> etc. >> >> So, can somebody please explain what kind of numbers these are, and how I >> can get the original numbers back. The files are in Arabic and were >> downloaded from an Arabic website. >> I'm running python2.6 on Ubuntu 9.04 >> >> > Those are standard html encodings for some Unicode characters. Skipper > has identified one of them as the digit '1' written in Arabic. I > presume the others will also be recognizable to you, since you > apparently know Arabic. The following text should be copied to a flie > with extension .html Then you run that in a browser, to see the > characters. > > DaveA > > > > > > Test Arabic Characters > > >

> Table of characters
> 1632 - ٠
> 1633 - ١
> 1634 - ٢
> 1635 - ٣
> 1636 - ٤
> 1637 - ٥
> 1638 - ٦
> 1639 - ٧
> 1640 - ٨
> 1641 - ٩
>

> > > > Thank you very much Skipper and Dave. Your replies have been very useful. -- ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????.....???? ??????? "No victim has ever been more repressed and alienated than the truth" Emad Soliman Nawfal Indiana University, Bloomington -------------------------------------------------------- From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Sat Jul 25 14:36:42 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:36:42 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] import rsvg Message-ID: Hello, I have searched high and low but for the life of me I am unable to locate this module. >>> import cairo >>> import rsvg Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ImportError: No module named rsvg >>> Basically from my previous post I would like to now manipulate the SVG files and export them as PNG. I am following the http://guillaume.segu.in/blog/code/43/svg-to-png/ post. Is there an up to date method of doing this? Dave From norman at khine.net Sat Jul 25 14:46:33 2009 From: norman at khine.net (Norman Khine) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 13:46:33 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] import rsvg In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <9c2c8ffb0907250546g24556efbj6ae5699a16afa35e@mail.gmail.com> maybe because you need to install Gnome-Python On Sat, Jul 25, 2009 at 1:36 PM, wrote: > Hello, > I have searched high and low but for the life of me I am unable to locate this module. > >>>> import cairo >>>> import rsvg > Traceback (most recent call last): > ?File "", line 1, in > ImportError: No module named rsvg >>>> > > > Basically from my previous post I would like to now manipulate the SVG files and export them as PNG. I am following the http://guillaume.segu.in/blog/code/43/svg-to-png/ post. > > Is there an up to date method of doing this? > > Dave > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From bgailer at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 15:34:06 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 09:34:06 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907242340u356bd09fjd7e85aa0068c9f6c@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6B09CE.7080807@gmail.com> I concur with wesley and dave re homework. Some questions to consider: do you know how to open a file? do you know how to read a line from an opened file? do you know how to incorporate reading lines in a loop? do you know how to determine whether a character is "numeric"? do you know how to print a line? what is the criteria for determining A, B C, D, or F average? -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Sat Jul 25 16:41:47 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 20:11:47 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value Message-ID: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532907.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Hi, I have a file having lines:- 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = Now i want to make two another file in which i want to put those lines for which C is missing and another one for which N,CA and C all are missing, With these commands:- import re f = open('chem.txt') for line in f: if re.search('C = ',line): print line I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get those one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still i am not getting. Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 17:48:21 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 16:48:21 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532907.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: wrote > With these commands:- > > import re > f = open('chem.txt') > for line in f: > if re.search('C = ',line): > print line > > I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get those > one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still i > am not getting. Don;t do a Google search, just read the re documentation, including the HowTo, looking for how to detect the end of a line. Alan G. From metolone+gmane at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 18:09:33 2009 From: metolone+gmane at gmail.com (Mark Tolonen) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 09:09:33 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] What kind of number is this References: <652641e90907240854j56b2d078rc6424f95c8aef941@mail.gmail.com><4A6AD159.8090404@ieee.org> <652641e90907250514m1566287aq75f675fd6336057f@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Emad Nawfal (???? ????)" wrote in message news:652641e90907250514m1566287aq75f675fd6336057f at mail.gmail.com... > On 7/25/09, Dave Angel wrote: >> Emad Nawfal (9E'/ FHAD) wrote: >>> Hi Tutors, >>> I have a bunch of text files that have many occurrences like the >>> following >>> which I believe, given the context, are numbers: >>> >>> ١٨٧٢ >>> >>> ٥٧ >>> >>> ٢٠٠٨ >>> >>> etc. >>> >>> So, can somebody please explain what kind of numbers these are, and how >>> I >>> can get the original numbers back. The files are in Arabic and were >>> downloaded from an Arabic website. >>> I'm running python2.6 on Ubuntu 9.04 >> Those are standard html encodings for some Unicode characters. [snip] You might find re.sub() useful to process your text files. It will replace the HTML encodings with the actual Unicode character. >>> import re >>> data = >>> u"١٨٧٢٥٧٢٠٠٨" >>> s = re.sub(r'&#(\d+);',lambda m: unichr(int(m.group(1))),data) >>> s u'\u0661\u0668\u0667\u0662\u0665\u0667\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668' >>> print s 1872572008 And this can be helpful for identifying Unicode characters: >>> import unicodedata >>> for c in s: ... print unicodedata.name(c) ... ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT -Mark From ldl08 at gmx.net Sat Jul 25 19:17:41 2009 From: ldl08 at gmx.net (David) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 01:17:41 +0800 Subject: [Tutor] sqlite: don't understand a code snippet Message-ID: <4A6B3E35.3020304@gmx.net> Dear tutors, I am trying to teach myself the way Python's works with databases. I decided to start with SQLite, and am looking at Summerfield's 'Programming in Python 3'. I got a code snippet that I don't fully understand (the comments are mine): def get_and_set_director(db, director): # try to fetch existing director ID from db director_id = get_director_id(db, director) # if director ID was found in db, return ID if director_id is not None: return director_id cursor = db.cursor() # insert new director record cursor.execute("INSERT INTO directors (name) VALUES (?)", (director,)) db.commit() # retrieve and return new director ID from db return get_director_id(db, director) Here is what I think is going on: The function get_and_set_director() gets the director ID from the db by calling the function get_director-id() and returns its value. If the director ID is not in the db then, from outside the get_and_set_director() function, the ID gets inserted to the db via the commit() method. Finally, the director ID is returned (from the db) by once again calling the get_director_id() function. Question: where does a new the director ID come from? Thanks for your directions! David From quasipedia at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 20:44:36 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 20:44:36 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Need to be pointed in the right direction for file organisation. Message-ID: <1248547476.26716.28.camel@jabbar> Thank you Alan for the prompt reply, > - Put reusable components into modules. OK: the use of files as "libraries" is quite clear to me and indeed I am already doing that. What is not clear is if I should _only_ put in modules stuff that is reusable, or if there are other widely accepted ways to user files. For example, in the GTK application I am currently developing I have a notebook widget (sort of tabbed windows which are visible only one at a time). I was therefore thinking about separating the classes for each "tabbed window" in different files, under the impression that this would make the program faster / with a smaller memory footprint, as only the needed file will be loaded into memory [In PHP you can reach quite a gain in terms of speed if yo do so]. Would this be considered a proper way to code in python? Another concern of mine was the readability of the source code, and I was wondering indeed if there was a "pythonic style" that was commonly understood as "the right one" [I'm thinking to those kind of guidelines like "put the import directive at the top of the file", but for file organisation] > - Build modules "bottom up" so that depenedencies tend to > go one way, with higher level modules importing lower level ones. I'm not sure I got it completely, does this mean that the file structure should be a hint of how dependency works, with ancestors nested in the subfolders of the children classes or something similar? Anyhow, thanks a lot for having answered so promptly! :) Mac. > > While I am working my way up to a more pythonic and cleaner style in > > the code, one thing that I have very confused ideas about is how I > > should organise my code, in terms of classes and files. > > I don't think there is any definitive answer. > > - Put reusable components into modules. > > - Don't necessarily create a module per class, but rather gather > related classes into a single module. > > - Build modules "bottom up" so that depenedencies tend to > go one way, with higher level modules importing lower level ones. > From ctcast at gmail.com Sat Jul 25 20:44:29 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (ctcast at gmail.com) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 18:44:29 +0000 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <4A6B09CE.7080807@gmail.com> Message-ID: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> grades = [] names = [] gradeTotal = 0 numStudents = 0 inputFile = open("input.txt", "r" for line in inputFile: if line.strip().isdigit(): grade = float(line) if grade != 0.0: gradeTotal += grade grade = grades.append(grade) else: name = line.strip() name = names.append(name) This just loops over the entire file basically and just continually adds the grades to the grades list and names to the names list. How do I just process each student's set of grades before moving on to the next one (since there is a zero terminating value telling the loop that a new student and his or her grades are about to follow) By the way I'm not worrying about determining the letter grade average right now, i'm importing a module I wrote after I figure this part out. On Jul 25, 2009 8:34am, bob gailer wrote: > I concur with wesley and dave re homework. > Some questions to consider: > do you know how to open a file? > do you know how to read a line from an opened file? > do you know how to incorporate reading lines in a loop? > do you know how to determine whether a character is "numeric"? > do you know how to print a line? > what is the criteria for determining A, BC, D, or F average? > -- > Bob Gailer > Chapel Hill NC > 919-636-4239 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From roadierich at googlemail.com Sat Jul 25 21:26:07 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 20:26:07 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] sqlite: don't understand a code snippet In-Reply-To: <4A6B3E35.3020304@gmx.net> References: <4A6B3E35.3020304@gmx.net> Message-ID: 2009/7/25 David : > Dear tutors, > > I am trying to teach myself the way Python's works with databases. > I decided to start with SQLite, and am looking at Summerfield's > 'Programming in Python 3'. > I got a code snippet that I don't fully understand (the comments are mine): > > > def get_and_set_director(db, director): > ? ?# try to fetch existing director ID from db > ? ?director_id = get_director_id(db, director) > ? ?# if director ID was found in db, return ID > ? ?if director_id is not None: > ? ?return director_id > cursor = db.cursor() > # insert new director record > cursor.execute("INSERT INTO directors (name) VALUES (?)", > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? (director,)) > db.commit() > # retrieve and return new director ID from db > return get_director_id(db, director) > > Here is what I think is going on: > > The function get_and_set_director() gets the director ID from the db > by calling the function get_director-id() and returns its value. > > If the director ID is not in the db then, from outside the > get_and_set_director() function, the ID gets inserted to the db via > the commit() method. Finally, the director ID is returned (from the db) > by once again calling the get_director_id() function. > > Question: where does a new the director ID come from? > > Thanks for your directions! > > David > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > It sounds as if the directors table has an AUTO_INCREMENT column, which will automatically assign itself the next value sequentially when you insert an entry into the table. i.e. The first inserted entry gets an ID of 1, the next 2, and so on. This is stored in a column in the table. The get_director_id(...) function will do something like the following query: cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM directors WHERE name == \"%s\"", (name,)) I don't know how well I've explained it, but this is the normal technique for generating unique ids for rows in a database. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sat Jul 25 21:50:27 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 20:50:27 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Need to be pointed in the right direction for file organisation. References: <1248547476.26716.28.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: "Mac Ryan" wrote > time). I was therefore thinking about separating the classes for each > "tabbed window" in different files, under the impression that this would > make the program faster / with a smaller memory footprint, as only the > needed file will be loaded into memory The gains would be minimal, and its dcertainly not common practice. In fact having more modules loaded might even make performance worse! I'd certainly categorize that as premature optimisation! > Another concern of mine was the readability of the source code, and I > was wondering indeed if there was a "pythonic style" that was commonly > understood as "the right one" Not for file organisation. There is the package concept so if you have a lot of related modules you could create a package structure, but most of Python's organisation guidelines tend to focus on maximising reuse rather than organizing the current project, in my experience at least. >> - Build modules "bottom up" so that depenedencies tend to >> go one way, with higher level modules importing lower level ones. > > I'm not sure I got it completely, does this mean that the file structure > should be a hint of how dependency works, No, just that you should try to keep low level functuions etc in separate files and have the higher level, more abstract modules import them. Rather than mixing low level, implementation dependant coded with more abstract - and therefore more portable module code. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From keithabt at beyondbb.com Sat Jul 25 21:53:19 2009 From: keithabt at beyondbb.com (keithabt at beyondbb.com) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 15:53:19 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] reading into a text file Message-ID: Hi I am trying to read a html document into a text file to looks at it for the purpose of spliting the data. I am not sure I am doing this right. I have my html document, my text file and a python script I called convt.py on the desktop in a folder. I opened up IDLE (python GUI) opened the folder on my desk top and then went to run module. I keep getting an error saying "No such file or directory: 'source.txt' I am new to python so I really don't know if I am doing this right. Any suggestions? #!/usr/bin/python u=open("source.txt").read() lines = u.split("

") print lines[1] From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sun Jul 26 00:07:50 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:07:50 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] reading into a text file References: Message-ID: wrote > Hi I am trying to read a html document into a text file Hi, welcome to the tutor list. First thing to point out is that HTML files are just text files with a particular structure. But so far as reading them in Python goes they are no different to any other text file. > purpose of spliting the data. Now this is where it gets interesting, it depends what exactly you are trying to "split". What do you mean by the "data"? If its the HTML elements there are specialised Python tools that will make this a lot easier. But if it is simply splitting into separate lines, read on... > I am not sure I am doing this right. I have my html > document, my text file and a python script I called > convt.py on the desktop Its usually a bad idea in Windows to do anythiong on the Desktop, keep that as a place for putting icons to launch programs. Put working files into separate project folders. > in a folder. I assume this means a folder on your Desktop? That's slightly better but still leaves problems because the true path to your folder is: C:\Documents and Settings\YourName\Desktop\YourFolder Which Windows tries to hide most of the time! Personally I'd recommend creating a "Projects" or "Work" folder at the top level of one of your drives (if you have more than one) and moving your folder under that. Then the full path becomes D:\Work\MyFolder Which is a lot easier to deal with and less likely to run into Windows "cleverness" issues. > I opened up IDLE (python GUI) opened the folder on my desk top and then > went to run module. OK, I'm still not 100% clear on what you are doing here but this is probably a good time to get to know the Windows command prompt. (Take a look at the box on the Getting Started topic in my tutorial for a brief intro.) Thats a better way to run your programs on real data IMHO. > I keep getting an error saying "No such file or directory: 'source.txt' If you start a command prompt Start->Run Type CMD, Hit OK At the prompt C:\WINDOWS> or similar type python myscript.py It should now find it. > I am new to python so I really don't know if I am doing this right. > > #!/usr/bin/python > u=open("source.txt").read() > lines = u.split("

") > print lines[1] You are splitting by the sequence of

. That is each "line" starts with a paragraph tag followed immediately by a bold tag, is that really what you want? If so it looks fine. You could modify your program so that it takes the filename at the command line, so you can process more than one file: python myscript foo.html or python myscript.py bar.html for example HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From darthkaboda at msn.com Sun Jul 26 02:15:36 2009 From: darthkaboda at msn.com (Darth Kaboda) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 17:15:36 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet Message-ID: I'm starting to learn Python as it seems to be adopted by many companies that I've been looking to apply to. I used the book Learning Phython to get the basics of the language and many of the gotcha's. I think I know enough of the basic features of the language to start playing around and can understand most code I've seen so far by looking at some of the posts here. The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way as I've been a Visual Basic programmer for so long and a C++ programmer before that. So would like to have people look at a simplistic class (shuffles lists of objects wrote it for shuffling cards but with Phython could be used for any "list" type object) I wrote to give me some feedback on the style of it. Any feedback is appreciated. Thanks, Brian -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: shuffler.py URL: From davea at dejaviewphoto.com Sat Jul 25 23:37:55 2009 From: davea at dejaviewphoto.com (Dave Angel) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 17:37:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> References: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> Message-ID: <4A6B7B33.9020702@dejaviewphoto.com> ctcast at gmail.com wrote: > grades = [] > names = [] > gradeTotal = 0 > numStudents = 0 > > inputFile = open("input.txt", "r" > > for line in inputFile: > if line.strip().isdigit(): > grade = float(line) > if grade != 0.0: > gradeTotal += grade > grade = grades.append(grade) > else: > name = line.strip() > name = names.append(name) > > This just loops over the entire file basically and just continually > adds the grades to the grades list and names to the names list. How do > I just process each student's set of grades before moving on to the > next one (since there is a zero terminating value telling the loop > that a new student and his or her grades are about to follow) > > By the way I'm not worrying about determining the letter grade average > right now, i'm importing a module I wrote after I figure this part out. > > On Jul 25, 2009 8:34am, bob gailer wrote: >> I concur with wesley and dave re homework. > > There are syntax errors of at least two kinds here. The first is you're missing a trailing parenthesis. And the second is you lost all your indentation when you retyped the code. It'd really be better if you pasted the actual code instead. Not much of a problem in this case, at least if I guess the same as you had, but in many cases the indentation *is* the problem. Next problem is that you're assuming that list.append() returns something useful. It doesn't return anything, which is to say it returns "None." So it's not useful to do: grade = grades.append(grade) just leave off the left half of that. And likewise leave off the name= from the other call to append(). The next problem is that you have two independent lists, but no way to correlate which elements of one correspond to which elements of the other. So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it afterwards? I'll assume that you'd answer that it's enough to just be able to print it out. In that case, you just need some well placed print statements. Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough information to print out one student's information. And in this case, you don't need a list of students, just the name of the current one. Do you expect any numbers to be non-integers? I'd assume so because you used the float() function instead of int(). But isdigit() is going to be a problem if there's a decimal in there. DaveA From fredp101 at mac.com Sun Jul 26 01:24:13 2009 From: fredp101 at mac.com (Fred @ Mac) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 16:24:13 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Need to start learning again Message-ID: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> I started learning python, but then life got busy... I need some help finding good resources to start learning again. My main need for python at first would be to write small programs to perform system commands. Like moving files around, copying or deleting files, and perhaps some simple interface construction so I can create a window to show the status of the little programs i plan to write. Any help would be appreciated. From cynicalairrick at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 02:51:57 2009 From: cynicalairrick at gmail.com (Luis Galvan) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 17:51:57 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Need to start learning again In-Reply-To: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> References: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> Message-ID: <5cd723fd0907251751m7ef802b6j37c80be85a043b8e@mail.gmail.com> Check out thenewboston's video tutorials at Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=EA1FEF17E1E5C0DA They're fairly recent and they definitely got me started with learning the syntax. After you're through with those, he also has a series on wxPython. A couple ebooks you'd be interested in would be Dive into Python or A Byte of Python, both very thorough and descriptive, the latter being a bit easier to newer programmers. A great book might consider purchasing would be Wesley Chun's Core Python Programming. This is only a slice of the cake though, try Googling around for more resources. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From andreas at kostyrka.org Sun Jul 26 03:02:27 2009 From: andreas at kostyrka.org (Andreas Kostyrka) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 03:02:27 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> Some things: 1) It's Python, not Phython. 2) Slightly shorter solution to your problem: import random input = range(53) random.shuffle(input) print input 3) The important part here is that reimplementing something that is in the standard library does not make sense usually. 4) A more sensible implementation of shuffle comes directly out of random.py: def shuffle(self, x, random=None, int=int): """x, random=random.random -> shuffle list x in place; return None. Optional arg random is a 0-argument function returning a random float in [0.0, 1.0); by default, the standard random.random. """ if random is None: random = self.random for i in reversed(xrange(1, len(x))): # pick an element in x[:i+1] with which to exchange x[i] j = int(random() * (i+1)) x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] Notice that it is not exactly optimal, one could easily replace the reversed(xrange()) expression with a 3 parameter version of xrange: for i in xrange(len(x) - 1, 0, -1): Andreas Am Samstag, den 25.07.2009, 17:15 -0700 schrieb Darth Kaboda: > I'm starting to learn Python as it seems to be adopted by many > companies that I've been looking to apply to. I used the book Learning > Phython to get the basics of the language and many of the gotcha's. I > think I know enough of the basic features of the language to start > playing around and can understand most code I've seen so far by > looking at some of the posts here. > > The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way as I've been > a Visual Basic programmer for so long and a C++ programmer before > that. So would like to have people look at a simplistic class > (shuffles lists of objects wrote it for shuffling cards but > with Phython could be used for any "list" type object) I wrote to give > me some feedback on the style of it. > > Any feedback is appreciated. > > Thanks, > Brian > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: not available Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 197 bytes Desc: Dies ist ein digital signierter Nachrichtenteil URL: From darthkaboda at msn.com Sun Jul 26 04:02:30 2009 From: darthkaboda at msn.com (Darth Kaboda) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 19:02:30 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> References: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> Message-ID: > Subject: Re: [Tutor] First code snipet > From: andreas at kostyrka.org > To: darthkaboda at msn.com > CC: tutor at python.org > Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 03:02:27 +0200 > > Some things: > > 1) It's Python, not Phython. > 2) Slightly shorter solution to your problem: > > import random > > input = range(53) > random.shuffle(input) > print input > > 3) The important part here is that reimplementing something that is in > the standard library does not make sense usually. > > 4) A more sensible implementation of shuffle comes directly out of > random.py: > > def shuffle(self, x, random=None, int=int): > """x, random=random.random -> shuffle list x in place; return > None. > > Optional arg random is a 0-argument function returning a random > float in [0.0, 1.0); by default, the standard random.random. > """ > > if random is None: > random = self.random > for i in reversed(xrange(1, len(x))): > # pick an element in x[:i+1] with which to exchange x[i] > j = int(random() * (i+1)) > x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] > > Notice that it is not exactly optimal, one could easily replace the > reversed(xrange()) expression with a 3 parameter version of xrange: > for i in xrange(len(x) - 1, 0, -1): > > Andreas > > > > Am Samstag, den 25.07.2009, 17:15 -0700 schrieb Darth Kaboda: > > I'm starting to learn Python as it seems to be adopted by many > > companies that I've been looking to apply to. I used the book Learning > > Phython to get the basics of the language and many of the gotcha's. I > > think I know enough of the basic features of the language to start > > playing around and can understand most code I've seen so far by > > looking at some of the posts here. > > > > The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way as I've been > > a Visual Basic programmer for so long and a C++ programmer before > > that. So would like to have people look at a simplistic class > > (shuffles lists of objects wrote it for shuffling cards but > > with Phython could be used for any "list" type object) I wrote to give > > me some feedback on the style of it. > > > > Any feedback is appreciated. > > > > Thanks, > > Brian > > _______________________________________________ > > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor Thanks for the correction not sure why I typed it that way after typing it correctly in the first sentence, must have wondered off somewhere in my mind I guess. Oops I guess I should have also mentioned what I was trying to accomplish with this class. I wanted to mimic how a deck of cards get's shuffled in the real world. i.e. split the deck and shuffle the two halves together. Brian -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 05:38:26 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 22:38:26 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Need to start learning again In-Reply-To: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> References: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907252038s52be1b2dp70ea7b8469153ccf@mail.gmail.com> On Sat, Jul 25, 2009 at 6:24 PM, Fred @ Mac wrote: > I started learning python, but then life got busy... I need some help > finding good resources to start learning again. > I learned everything I know from Google ;) or at least sources provided by Google. I'd also recommend Python for System Administrators by Noah Gift and Jeremy Jones. If it's available at your local public library, I'd check it out (and well worth the $15 price used). > > My main need for python at first would be to write small programs to > perform system commands. Like moving files around, copying or deleting > files, and perhaps some simple interface construction so I can create a > window to show the status of the little programs i plan to write. Python for Sys admins covers all of the above. If you want a very simple interface, I'd go with Tkinter. It's a lot easier to use than some of the bigger GUIs, like GTK, but it also sacrifices a lot of features to go with that simplicity. A couple of folks on this mailing list have python tutorials that are certainly worth a read. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 05:52:04 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 22:52:04 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <333efb450907252052o6474d745t77d44f99cab7cd68@mail.gmail.com> On Sat, Jul 25, 2009 at 7:15 PM, Darth Kaboda wrote: > I'm starting to learn Python as it seems to be adopted by many companies > that I've been looking to apply to. I used the book Learning Phython to get > the basics of the language and many of the gotcha's. I think I know enough > of the basic features of the language to start playing around and can > understand most code I've seen so far by looking at some of the posts here. > > The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way as I've been a > Visual Basic programmer for so long and a C++ programmer before that. So > would like to have people look at a simplistic class (shuffles lists of > objects wrote it for shuffling cards but with Phython could be used for any > "list" type object) I wrote to give me some feedback on the style of it. > > Any feedback is appreciated. > There's a spot in your code that could be turned into a function. I'm not sure what you'd call it, but where you "lay down" 1-4 cards. Since you're doing the same thing for each stack, you may as well turn it into a function and just call it for each stack. Pretty cool idea for something to do, though. -Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From pine508 at hotmail.com Sun Jul 26 05:58:05 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 23:58:05 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Need to start learning again In-Reply-To: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> References: <775C659F-B21F-47FC-B831-7C810A14E15D@mac.com> Message-ID: > From: fredp101 at mac.com > To: tutor at python.org > Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 16:24:13 -0700 > Subject: [Tutor] Need to start learning again > > I started learning python, but then life got busy... I need some help > finding good resources to start learning again. > > My main need for python at first would be to write small programs to > perform system commands. Like moving files around, copying or > deleting files, and perhaps some simple interface construction so I > can create a window to show the status of the little programs i plan > to write. > > Any help would be appreciated. For file manipulation, take a look at this: http://effbot.org/librarybook/os.htm And yes, Tkinter probably would make things easier for a simple GUI. _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? Hotmail?: Celebrate the moment with your favorite sports pics. Check it out. http://www.windowslive.com/Online/Hotmail/Campaign/QuickAdd?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_QA_HM_sports_photos_072009&cat=sports -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sun Jul 26 09:39:31 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 08:39:31 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet References: Message-ID: "Darth Kaboda" wrote > The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way > ...So would like to have people look at a simplistic class > rpile = pile1[0:0] #get blank copy of the passed in object types. This will return an empty list regardless of the type of passed in object. The only possible difference is a subclassed list but if its been well implemented you shouldn't care! I'd just go with: rpile = [] > for x in range(0,i): Its usual in Python to omit the first 0 for x in range(i): is all that's needed. Otherwise it looks OK to me. You might be able to leverage the stdlib more effectively, for example there is a shuffle type menthod for randomising a single list. And zip() to merge two lists... -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From ctcast at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 11:57:35 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 04:57:35 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <4A6B7B33.9020702@dejaviewphoto.com> References: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> <4A6B7B33.9020702@dejaviewphoto.com> Message-ID: <50e459210907260257v59540abblbefd4b79b01bba48@mail.gmail.com> ya i was kind of in a hurry composing the email earlier. sorry for the typos and misunderstanding. This is what I actually have. grades = [] names = [] gradeTotal = 0 numStudents = 0 inputFile = open("input.txt", "r") for line in inputFile: if line.strip().isdigit(): grade = float(line) if grade != 0.0: gradeTotal += grade grade = grades.append(grade) else: name = line.strip() name = names.append(name) So even If I take the stuff out that you said, My structure still wouldn't be right because I'm processing everything all at once with no way to reference any of the grades with the student. How do I structure this differently to do that? That's what I'm having trouble with. On 7/25/09, Dave Angel wrote: > ctcast at gmail.com wrote: >> grades = [] >> names = [] >> gradeTotal = 0 >> numStudents = 0 >> >> inputFile = open("input.txt", "r" >> >> for line in inputFile: >> if line.strip().isdigit(): >> grade = float(line) >> if grade != 0.0: >> gradeTotal += grade >> grade = grades.append(grade) >> else: >> name = line.strip() >> name = names.append(name) >> >> This just loops over the entire file basically and just continually >> adds the grades to the grades list and names to the names list. How do >> I just process each student's set of grades before moving on to the >> next one (since there is a zero terminating value telling the loop >> that a new student and his or her grades are about to follow) >> >> By the way I'm not worrying about determining the letter grade average >> right now, i'm importing a module I wrote after I figure this part out. >> >> On Jul 25, 2009 8:34am, bob gailer wrote: >>> I concur with wesley and dave re homework. >> >> > There are syntax errors of at least two kinds here. The first is you're > missing a trailing parenthesis. And the second is you lost all your > indentation when you retyped the code. It'd really be better if you > pasted the actual code instead. Not much of a problem in this case, at > least if I guess the same as you had, but in many cases the indentation > *is* the problem. > > Next problem is that you're assuming that list.append() returns > something useful. It doesn't return anything, which is to say it returns > "None." So it's not useful to do: > grade = grades.append(grade) > > just leave off the left half of that. And likewise leave off the name= > from the other call to append(). > > The next problem is that you have two independent lists, but no way to > correlate which elements of one correspond to which elements of the > other. So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for > post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it > afterwards? > > I'll assume that you'd answer that it's enough to just be able to print > it out. In that case, you just need some well placed print statements. > Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough > information to print out one student's information. And in this case, > you don't need a list of students, just the name of the current one. > > Do you expect any numbers to be non-integers? I'd assume so because you > used the float() function instead of int(). But isdigit() is going to > be a problem if there's a decimal in there. > > DaveA > > From davea at ieee.org Sun Jul 26 12:57:19 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 06:57:19 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <50e459210907260257v59540abblbefd4b79b01bba48@mail.gmail.com> References: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> <4A6B7B33.9020702@dejaviewphoto.com> <50e459210907260257v59540abblbefd4b79b01bba48@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6C368F.7070505@ieee.org> Chris Castillo wrote: > ya i was kind of in a hurry composing the email earlier. sorry for the > typos and misunderstanding. This is what I actually have. > > grades = [] > names = [] > gradeTotal = 0 > numStudents = 0 > > inputFile = open("input.txt", "r") > > for line in inputFile: > if line.strip().isdigit(): > grade = float(line) > if grade != 0.0: > gradeTotal += grade > grade = grades.append(grade) > else: > name = line.strip() > name = names.append(name) > > > So even If I take the stuff out that you said, My structure still > wouldn't be right because I'm processing everything all at once with > no way to reference any of the grades with the student. How do I > structure this differently to do that? That's what I'm having trouble > with. > > On 7/25/09, Dave Angel wrote: > >> ctcast at gmail.com wrote: >> >>> grades = [] >>> names = [] >>> gradeTotal = 0 >>> numStudents = 0 >>> >>> inputFile = open("input.txt", "r" >>> >>> for line in inputFile: >>> if line.strip().isdigit(): >>> grade = float(line) >>> if grade != 0.0: >>> gradeTotal += grade >>> grade = grades.append(grade) >>> else: >>> name = line.strip() >>> name = names.append(name) >>> >>> This just loops over the entire file basically and just continually >>> adds the grades to the grades list and names to the names list. How do >>> I just process each student's set of grades before moving on to the >>> next one (since there is a zero terminating value telling the loop >>> that a new student and his or her grades are about to follow) >>> >>> By the way I'm not worrying about determining the letter grade average >>> right now, i'm importing a module I wrote after I figure this part out. >>> >>> On Jul 25, 2009 8:34am, bob gailer wrote: >>> >>>> I concur with wesley and dave re homework. >>>> >>> >>> >>> >> There are syntax errors of at least two kinds here. The first is you're >> missing a trailing parenthesis. And the second is you lost all your >> indentation when you retyped the code. It'd really be better if you >> pasted the actual code instead. Not much of a problem in this case, at >> least if I guess the same as you had, but in many cases the indentation >> *is* the problem. >> >> Next problem is that you're assuming that list.append() returns >> something useful. It doesn't return anything, which is to say it returns >> "None." So it's not useful to do: >> grade = grades.append(grade) >> >> just leave off the left half of that. And likewise leave off the name= >> from the other call to append(). >> >> The next problem is that you have two independent lists, but no way to >> correlate which elements of one correspond to which elements of the >> other. So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for >> post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it >> afterwards? >> >> I'll assume that you'd answer that it's enough to just be able to print >> it out. In that case, you just need some well placed print statements. >> Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough >> information to print out one student's information. And in this case, >> you don't need a list of students, just the name of the current one. >> >> Do you expect any numbers to be non-integers? I'd assume so because you >> used the float() function instead of int(). But isdigit() is going to >> be a problem if there's a decimal in there. >> >> DaveA >> >> >> (In a mailing list like this one, putting a response at the top of your message is called top-posting, and makes it harder for the next person to see the sequence of messages.) As I said before: *So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it afterwards?* I tried to assume an answer, but it looks like you stopped reading before that point. So I'll try again, with a little more detail. Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough information to print out one student's information. You know the current student, you know all his scores. So you could print it out at that point in the loop, rather than waiting till the entire program is past. If you're not sure what I'm talking about, first put in a test for the 0 line. Add in a single print that prints out name and grades at that point. You do know that you can print a list, just the same as any other variable? Once you see you have enough data at that point, you'll have to make a minor change to eliminate this student's data from getting printed again for the next one. Then it's just a question of formatting the print nicely. So you replace the single print with a function call, passing it the name and grades, and format the information in that function. And if you won't try what I said, then at least answer the question. DaveA From ceasar102 at yahoo.com Sun Jul 26 13:23:19 2009 From: ceasar102 at yahoo.com (ammar azif) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 04:23:19 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Need help in making this code more pythonic Message-ID: <505096.28381.qm@web56807.mail.re3.yahoo.com> Hello, I need some suggestions on how to make this code pythonic. The program basically runs a simulation of an object that moves on a 2D plane. The object keeps on moving from its current coordinate to? randomly picked adjacent coordinates with the object is not allowed to move move to a previously covered coordinate point as the rule. If the object is unable to move the program will terminate. Some of the concerns I have in mind is the code in the move method in Person class. I am sure there are some built-in methods or features in python that I could use to improve the implementation of that method. Hope you guys can enlighten me. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ceasar102 at yahoo.com Sun Jul 26 13:35:18 2009 From: ceasar102 at yahoo.com (ammar azif) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 04:35:18 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Need help in making this code more pythonic Message-ID: <302638.67834.qm@web56802.mail.re3.yahoo.com> Sorry I forgot to attach the code file. Here it is. --- On Sun, 7/26/09, ammar azif wrote: From: ammar azif Subject: [Tutor] Need help in making this code more pythonic To: tutor at python.org Date: Sunday, July 26, 2009, 6:23 AM Hello, I need some suggestions on how to make this code pythonic. The program basically runs a simulation of an object that moves on a 2D plane. The object keeps on moving from its current coordinate to? randomly picked adjacent coordinates with the object is not allowed to move move to a previously covered coordinate point as the rule. If the object is unable to move the program will terminate. Some of the concerns I have in mind is the code in the move method in Person class. I am sure there are some built-in methods or features in python that I could use to improve the implementation of that method. Hope you guys can enlighten me. -----Inline Attachment Follows----- _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist? -? Tutor at python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: personmoving.py Type: text/x-python Size: 2493 bytes Desc: not available URL: From ldl08 at gmx.net Sun Jul 26 13:35:45 2009 From: ldl08 at gmx.net (David) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 19:35:45 +0800 Subject: [Tutor] sqlite: don't understand a code snippet In-Reply-To: References: <4A6B3E35.3020304@gmx.net> Message-ID: <4A6C3F91.5050602@gmx.net> Rich, thanks a lot -- that was the problem. David Rich Lovely wrote: > 2009/7/25 David : > >> Dear tutors, >> >> I am trying to teach myself the way Python's works with databases. >> I decided to start with SQLite, and am looking at Summerfield's >> 'Programming in Python 3'. >> I got a code snippet that I don't fully understand (the comments are mine): >> >> >> def get_and_set_director(db, director): >> # try to fetch existing director ID from db >> director_id = get_director_id(db, director) >> # if director ID was found in db, return ID >> if director_id is not None: >> return director_id >> cursor = db.cursor() >> # insert new director record >> cursor.execute("INSERT INTO directors (name) VALUES (?)", >> (director,)) >> db.commit() >> # retrieve and return new director ID from db >> return get_director_id(db, director) >> >> Here is what I think is going on: >> >> The function get_and_set_director() gets the director ID from the db >> by calling the function get_director-id() and returns its value. >> >> If the director ID is not in the db then, from outside the >> get_and_set_director() function, the ID gets inserted to the db via >> the commit() method. Finally, the director ID is returned (from the db) >> by once again calling the get_director_id() function. >> >> Question: where does a new the director ID come from? >> >> Thanks for your directions! >> >> David >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> > > It sounds as if the directors table has an AUTO_INCREMENT column, > which will automatically assign itself the next value sequentially > when you insert an entry into the table. i.e. The first inserted > entry gets an ID of 1, the next 2, and so on. This is stored in a > column in the table. The get_director_id(...) function will do > something like the following query: > > cursor.execute("SELECT id FROM directors WHERE name == \"%s\"", (name,)) > > I don't know how well I've explained it, but this is the normal > technique for generating unique ids for rows in a database. > > From davea at ieee.org Sun Jul 26 13:49:36 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 07:49:36 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: References: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> Message-ID: <4A6C42D0.7000900@ieee.org> Darth Kaboda wrote: > > > >> Subject: Re: [Tutor] First code snipet >> From: andreas at kostyrka.org >> To: darthkaboda at msn.com >> CC: tutor at python.org >> Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 03:02:27 +0200 >> >> Some things: >> >> 1) It's Python, not Phython. >> 2) Slightly shorter solution to your problem: >> >> import random >> >> input = range(53) >> random.shuffle(input) >> print input >> >> 3) The important part here is that reimplementing something that is in >> the standard library does not make sense usually. >> >> 4) A more sensible implementation of shuffle comes directly out of >> random.py: >> >> def shuffle(self, x, random=None, int=int): >> """x, random=random.random -> shuffle list x in place; return >> None. >> >> Optional arg random is a 0-argument function returning a random >> float in [0.0, 1.0); by default, the standard random.random. >> """ >> >> if random is None: >> random = self.random >> for i in reversed(xrange(1, len(x))): >> # pick an element in x[:i+1] with which to exchange x[i] >> j = int(random() * (i+1)) >> x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i] >> >> Notice that it is not exactly optimal, one could easily replace the >> reversed(xrange()) expression with a 3 parameter version of xrange: >> for i in xrange(len(x) - 1, 0, -1): >> >> Andreas >> >> >> >> Am Samstag, den 25.07.2009, 17:15 -0700 schrieb Darth Kaboda: >> >>> I'm starting to learn Python as it seems to be adopted by many >>> companies that I've been looking to apply to. I used the book Learning >>> Phython to get the basics of the language and many of the gotcha's. I >>> think I know enough of the basic features of the language to start >>> playing around and can understand most code I've seen so far by >>> looking at some of the posts here. >>> >>> The one worry I have is not coding things the Phython way as I've been >>> a Visual Basic programmer for so long and a C++ programmer before >>> that. So would like to have people look at a simplistic class >>> (shuffles lists of objects wrote it for shuffling cards but >>> with Phython could be used for any "list" type object) I wrote to give >>> me some feedback on the style of it. >>> >>> Any feedback is appreciated. >>> >>> Thanks, >>> Brian >>> _______________________________________________ >>> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >>> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >>> > > > > Thanks for the correction not sure why I typed it that way after typing it correctly in the first sentence, must have wondered off somewhere in my mind I guess. > > > > Oops I guess I should have also mentioned what I was trying to accomplish with this class. I wanted to mimic how a deck of cards get's shuffled in the real world. i.e. split the deck and shuffle the two halves together. > > > > Brian > > > > > Good point. It is important to state your goal for the code, preferably in comments in your code, as well as in the message asking us the question. Suggest you include a doc-string for each class and method declaration. But it's important to tell us how you expect to use it, as well. If it's for your own learning, then it's pretty good as it is. But if you intend to show it to prospective employers, there are a lot of ways to clean it up. So... Unlike Java, not everything needs to be in a class. This shuffler class accomplishes nothing that the module doesn't already do. The only instance attribute you use is rgen, and that could just as readily have been a global (visible within the entire module). Naming is important. I think I would have factored it into three functions cut() and ripple(). shuffle() simply calls cut(), then ripple(). You need to know the library better. Andreas already mentioned the std library random.shuffle(), and you correctly explained why you didn't use it. But there are other library functions that would make your code more concise, more readable, and maybe faster. Starting with shuffle() (which I'd call ripple()) Because Python makes it easy to swap two variables in-place, it's common to swap arguments directly, rather than copy them to local attributes. So I'd replace the first 4 lines with: if self.rgen.randint(0,1): #randomly decide which pile is shuffled down first inpile2, inpile1 = inpile1, inpile2 len() is very fast, so there's no need for a separate variable to keep track of the lengths of inpile1 and inpile2. So eliminate all refs to pile1c and pile2. In the while, just use while len(inpile1) and len(inpile2): Lists have no type associated with them. Each object in a list has its own type. So there's no meaning to constructing an empty list out of another one. rpile = [] pop(0) is slow, compared with pop(-1). If you used the latter, you would have to do a reverse on the list when you were done to keep the realism. And that would make the code less readable. So I think this is an unnecessary optimization. But keep it in mind if you're ever dealing with thousands of items in a list. Peeling them off from the front one at a time will be slow. The logic of popping a random number of cards from one list, and appending them to the result could be done the same way you do the cut(), using slices. I think it would be worth it if you made a separate function out of it, to call from whichever deck was being operated on. Where you do the if i < pile1c you could instead use the min() function. i = min(len(inpile1), self.rgen.randint(1,4)) At the end of the function, the if pile1c: elif ... logic could be replaced by rpile.extend(inpile1).extend(inpile2) as there's no harm in extending with an empty list. HTH, DaveA From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Sun Jul 26 14:53:15 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 13:53:15 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet References: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> <4A6C42D0.7000900@ieee.org> Message-ID: "Dave Angel" wrote > len() is very fast, so there's no need for a separate variable to keep > track of the lengths of inpile1 and inpile2. So eliminate all refs to > pile1c and pile2. In the while, just use > while len(inpile1) and len(inpile2): Or even simpler: while inpile1 and inpile2: An empty list is false too. > pop(0) is slow, compared with pop(-1). I didn't know that, but timing seems to suggest about 50% slower. Interesting. Alan G. From roadierich at googlemail.com Sun Jul 26 16:38:52 2009 From: roadierich at googlemail.com (Rich Lovely) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 15:38:52 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Need help in making this code more pythonic In-Reply-To: <302638.67834.qm@web56802.mail.re3.yahoo.com> References: <302638.67834.qm@web56802.mail.re3.yahoo.com> Message-ID: > --- On Sun, 7/26/09, ammar azif wrote: > > From: ammar azif > Subject: [Tutor] Need help in making this code more pythonic > To: tutor at python.org > Date: Sunday, July 26, 2009, 6:23 AM > > Hello, > > I need some suggestions on how to make this code pythonic. The program > basically runs a simulation of an object that moves on a 2D plane. The > object keeps on moving from its current coordinate to? randomly picked > adjacent coordinates with the object is not allowed to move move to a > previously covered coordinate point as the rule. If the object is unable to > move the program will terminate. Some of the concerns I have in mind is the > code in the move method in Person class. I am sure there are some built-in > methods or features in python that I could use to improve the implementation > of that method. Hope you guys can enlighten me. > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > A Couple of pointers: Rather than having a dict with all values == None, you can use a set (which is effectively the same thing, but looks cleaner and is easier to read). Us the "k in d" operator rather than d.has_key(k) x = position[0] y = position[1] is more pythonically written x,y = position using tuple unpacking. rather than using cannot_move = True and then if cannot_move: You'd be more pythonic to use if not potential_positions: An empty list is false in a boolean context, a list with one or more items is true. Rather than using random.rand_int(len(...)) to generate an index, you can go straight to the result by using random.choice(...) You might also want to add some docstrings to your class and its move method, so that you can tell at a glance what the class does. A docstring is simple a string on the first (non-blank) line after the definition: def move(self): "Moves person one space in a random direction. It is not permitted to move to a previous occupied position" Finally, you might want to put the code doing the actual work into a "if __name__ == "__main__": block, so that you can import the script as a module, and not get extra output. Take a look at some of the files in the standard library to see what I mean. -- Rich "Roadie Rich" Lovely There are 10 types of people in the world: those who know binary, those who do not, and those who are off by one. From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Sun Jul 26 16:33:31 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 10:33:31 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: Hello, I have a directory containing svg/Flag_of_United_States.svg etc... Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg Flag_of_the_United_States.svg Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg Also I have a CSV file like "us", "United States" "es", "Spain" .... How can I rename the svg files so that they become: flag-us.svg flag-es.svg etc.. David From mail at timgolden.me.uk Sun Jul 26 17:13:38 2009 From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 16:13:38 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6C72A2.1030309@timgolden.me.uk> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Hello, > I have a directory containing svg/Flag_of_United_States.svg etc... > > > Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg > Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg > Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg > Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg > Flag_of_the_United_States.svg > Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg > > > Also I have a CSV file like > > "us", "United States" > "es", "Spain" > > .... > > How can I rename the svg files so that they become: > > flag-us.svg > flag-es.svg This is one of those ones where it helps if you have a go first and tell us how far you got, or where the problem lies. Otherwise you're likely to get a lot of sarcastically helpful replies along the lines of: move Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg flag-sc.svg To get you started if you're nowhere at the moment, you want to create a dictionary from your csv which maps the long name to the short name so that can then parse the file name to find the long name, use the dictionary to find the short name, and then issue a rename command to the new name. TJG From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Sun Jul 26 18:08:50 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 12:08:50 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: OK, I know that. Here is what I have so far, but I get stuck on the mapping of the filename with the csv file. >>> import os >>> files = [file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')] >>> files ['Flag_of_Abkhazia.svg', 'Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg', 'Flag_of_Albania.svg', 'Flag_of_Algeria.svg', 'Flag_of_Andorra.svg', 'Flag_of_Angola.svg', 'Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg', 'Flag_of_Argentina.svg', 'Flag_of_Armenia.svg', 'Flag_of_Australia.svg'] >>> import csv >>> reader = csv.reader(open("country.csv")) >>> for row in reader: ... print row ['"km";"Comoros"'] ['"dj";"Djibouti"'] ['"er";"Eritrea"'] ['"et";"Ethiopia"'] .... Here is where I am at. Not sure how to map the two. Dave -------- Original Message -------- From: Tim Golden Apparently from: tutor-bounces+davidwilson=safe-mail.net at python.org To: Cc: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 16:13:38 +0100 > davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > > Hello, > > I have a directory containing svg/Flag_of_United_States.svg etc... > > > > > > Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg > > Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands.svg > > Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg > > Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg > > Flag_of_the_United_States.svg > > Flag_of_the_Vatican_City.svg > > > > > > Also I have a CSV file like > > > > "us", "United States" > > "es", "Spain" > > > > .... > > > > How can I rename the svg files so that they become: > > > > flag-us.svg > > flag-es.svg > > > This is one of those ones where it helps if you have > a go first and tell us how far you got, or where > the problem lies. Otherwise you're likely to get > a lot of sarcastically helpful replies along the lines > of: > > move Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg flag-sc.svg > > > To get you started if you're nowhere at the moment, > you want to create a dictionary from your csv which maps > the long name to the short name so that can then > parse the file name to find the long name, use the > dictionary to find the short name, and then issue > a rename command to the new name. > > TJG > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor From mail at timgolden.me.uk Sun Jul 26 19:32:43 2009 From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 18:32:43 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6C933B.4080207@timgolden.me.uk> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is what I have so far, but I get stuck on the mapping of the filename with the csv file. > >>>> import os >>>> files = [file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')] >>>> files > ['Flag_of_Abkhazia.svg', 'Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg', 'Flag_of_Albania.svg', 'Flag_of_Algeria.svg', 'Flag_of_Andorra.svg', 'Flag_of_Angola.svg', 'Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg', 'Flag_of_Argentina.svg', 'Flag_of_Armenia.svg', 'Flag_of_Australia.svg'] > >>>> import csv >>>> reader = csv.reader(open("country.csv")) >>>> for row in reader: > ... print row > > ['"km";"Comoros"'] > ['"dj";"Djibouti"'] > ['"er";"Eritrea"'] > ['"et";"Ethiopia"'] > .... > > Here is where I am at. > Not sure how to map the two. OK. Good stuff so far. You may not actually need that auxiliary list of files, but no problem really. Are you familiar with a dictionary in Python? It maps a key to a value. Here, you want the long names to be the keys and the short names to be values. If you were putting them together by hand (as a constant) it would look something like this: countries = { "Comoros" : "km", "Ethiopia" : "et", } and you could look up like this: ethiopia_tld = countries['Ethiopia'] So what you have to do is to use one of the dictionary constructors (hint: help (dict)) to create a dictionary out of the list of lists which you csv reader produced. You'll need to swap the elements round as the csv has the code first, but you want the country first. Does that take you any further forward? TJG From ctcast at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 21:27:18 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 14:27:18 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Reading Data From File In-Reply-To: <4A6C368F.7070505@ieee.org> References: <00163630f5c96d364f046f8c1ca7@google.com> <4A6B7B33.9020702@dejaviewphoto.com> <50e459210907260257v59540abblbefd4b79b01bba48@mail.gmail.com> <4A6C368F.7070505@ieee.org> Message-ID: <50e459210907261227x75abac4aq1f317279ab34d944@mail.gmail.com> On 7/26/09, Dave Angel wrote: > Chris Castillo wrote: >> ya i was kind of in a hurry composing the email earlier. sorry for the >> typos and misunderstanding. This is what I actually have. >> >> grades = [] >> names = [] >> gradeTotal = 0 >> numStudents = 0 >> >> inputFile = open("input.txt", "r") >> >> for line in inputFile: >> if line.strip().isdigit(): >> grade = float(line) >> if grade != 0.0: >> gradeTotal += grade >> grade = grades.append(grade) >> else: >> name = line.strip() >> name = names.append(name) >> >> >> So even If I take the stuff out that you said, My structure still >> wouldn't be right because I'm processing everything all at once with >> no way to reference any of the grades with the student. How do I >> structure this differently to do that? That's what I'm having trouble >> with. >> >> On 7/25/09, Dave Angel wrote: >> >>> ctcast at gmail.com wrote: >>> >>>> grades = [] >>>> names = [] >>>> gradeTotal = 0 >>>> numStudents = 0 >>>> >>>> inputFile = open("input.txt", "r" >>>> >>>> for line in inputFile: >>>> if line.strip().isdigit(): >>>> grade = float(line) >>>> if grade != 0.0: >>>> gradeTotal += grade >>>> grade = grades.append(grade) >>>> else: >>>> name = line.strip() >>>> name = names.append(name) >>>> >>>> This just loops over the entire file basically and just continually >>>> adds the grades to the grades list and names to the names list. How do >>>> I just process each student's set of grades before moving on to the >>>> next one (since there is a zero terminating value telling the loop >>>> that a new student and his or her grades are about to follow) >>>> >>>> By the way I'm not worrying about determining the letter grade average >>>> right now, i'm importing a module I wrote after I figure this part out. >>>> >>>> On Jul 25, 2009 8:34am, bob gailer wrote: >>>> >>>>> I concur with wesley and dave re homework. >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> There are syntax errors of at least two kinds here. The first is you're >>> missing a trailing parenthesis. And the second is you lost all your >>> indentation when you retyped the code. It'd really be better if you >>> pasted the actual code instead. Not much of a problem in this case, at >>> least if I guess the same as you had, but in many cases the indentation >>> *is* the problem. >>> >>> Next problem is that you're assuming that list.append() returns >>> something useful. It doesn't return anything, which is to say it returns >>> "None." So it's not useful to do: >>> grade = grades.append(grade) >>> >>> just leave off the left half of that. And likewise leave off the name= >>> from the other call to append(). >>> >>> The next problem is that you have two independent lists, but no way to >>> correlate which elements of one correspond to which elements of the >>> other. So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for >>> post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it >>> afterwards? >>> >>> I'll assume that you'd answer that it's enough to just be able to print >>> it out. In that case, you just need some well placed print statements. >>> Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough >>> information to print out one student's information. And in this case, >>> you don't need a list of students, just the name of the current one. >>> >>> Do you expect any numbers to be non-integers? I'd assume so because you >>> used the float() function instead of int(). But isdigit() is going to >>> be a problem if there's a decimal in there. >>> >>> DaveA >>> >>> >>> > (In a mailing list like this one, putting a response at the top of your > message is called top-posting, and makes it harder for the next person > to see the sequence of messages.) > > As I said before: > *So you have a choice to make. Do you need all the data for > post-processing, or is it enough that you print it out, and discard it > afterwards?* > > I tried to assume an answer, but it looks like you stopped reading > before that point. So I'll try again, with a little more detail. > > Each time you come to a line with a zero in it, you have enough > information to print out one student's information. You know the > current student, you know all his scores. So you could print it out at > that point in the loop, rather than waiting till the entire program is past. > > If you're not sure what I'm talking about, first put in a test for the 0 > line. Add in a single print that prints out name and grades at that > point. You do know that you can print a list, just the same as any > other variable? > > > Once you see you have enough data at that point, you'll have to make a > minor change to eliminate this student's data from getting printed again > for the next one. > > Then it's just a question of formatting the print nicely. So you > replace the single print with a function call, passing it the name and > grades, and format the information in that function. > > And if you won't try what I said, then at least answer the question. > > DaveA > > No I didn't stop reading your reply. I just figured since I said in my original post of my problem that I needed to process the information for one student before moving on to the next that you wouldn't disregard that information. From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Sun Jul 26 21:34:09 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 15:34:09 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: OK I am lost ;( I changed the code to: >>> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >>> for row in reader: ... print row ... ['bi', 'Burundi'] ['km', 'Comoros'] ['dj', 'Djibouti'] ['er', 'Eritrea'] ... Now each row is a list with two items each. But when I do this: >>> dic = [] >>> for row in reader: ... newdic.append({row[0]: row[1]}) ... >>> dic [] I get an empty dictionary -------- Original Message -------- From: Tim Golden Apparently from: tutor-bounces+davidwilson=safe-mail.net at python.org To: Cc: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 18:32:43 +0100 > davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > > Here is what I have so far, but I get stuck on the mapping of the filename with the csv file. > > > >>>> import os > >>>> files = [file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')] > >>>> files > > ['Flag_of_Abkhazia.svg', 'Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg', 'Flag_of_Albania.svg', 'Flag_of_Algeria.svg', 'Flag_of_Andorra.svg', 'Flag_of_Angola.svg', 'Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg', 'Flag_of_Argentina.svg', 'Flag_of_Armenia.svg', 'Flag_of_Australia.svg'] > > > >>>> import csv > >>>> reader = csv.reader(open("country.csv")) > >>>> for row in reader: > > ... print row > > > > ['"km";"Comoros"'] > > ['"dj";"Djibouti"'] > > ['"er";"Eritrea"'] > > ['"et";"Ethiopia"'] > > .... > > > > Here is where I am at. > > Not sure how to map the two. > > > OK. Good stuff so far. You may not actually need > that auxiliary list of files, but no problem really. > > Are you familiar with a dictionary in Python? It maps > a key to a value. Here, you want the long names to > be the keys and the short names to be values. If you > were putting them together by hand (as a constant) > it would look something like this: > > countries = { > "Comoros" : "km", > "Ethiopia" : "et", > } > > and you could look up like this: > > ethiopia_tld = countries['Ethiopia'] > > So what you have to do is to use one of the dictionary > constructors (hint: help (dict)) to create a dictionary > out of the list of lists which you csv reader produced. > You'll need to swap the elements round as the csv has > the code first, but you want the country first. > > Does that take you any further forward? > > TJG > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor From mail at timgolden.me.uk Sun Jul 26 21:41:10 2009 From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 20:41:10 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6CB156.6090606@timgolden.me.uk> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > OK I am lost ;( > > I changed the code to: > >>>> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >>>> for row in reader: > ... print row > ... > ['bi', 'Burundi'] > ['km', 'Comoros'] > ['dj', 'Djibouti'] > ['er', 'Eritrea'] > > ... > > Now each row is a list with two items each. > > But when I do this: > >>>> dic = [] >>>> for row in reader: > ... newdic.append({row[0]: row[1]}) > ... >>>> dic > [] > > I get an empty dictionary Well, you actually get an empty list :) To instantiate an empty dictionary, you use curly brackets: d = {} To add something to a dictionary, you use: d[] = Try something like this: import csv reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") countries = {} # note the curly brackets for row in reader: code, name = row # handy Python tuple unpacking countries[name] = code Once you're used to the idea, you can get reasonably slick with dictionary initialisers and generator expressions: import csv reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") countries = dict ((row[1], row[0]) for row in reader) And once you're really confident (and if you're a fan of one-liners) you can get away with this: import csv countries = dict ( (name, code) for \ (code, name) in \ csv.reader (open ("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") ) BTW, I tend to open csv files with "rb" as it seems to avoid line-ending issues with the csv module. YMMV. TJG From j8ooth at gmail.com Sun Jul 26 22:33:19 2009 From: j8ooth at gmail.com (j booth) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 16:33:19 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace Message-ID: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> Hello, I am scanning a text file and replacing words with alternatives. My difficulty is that all occurrences are replaced (even if they are part of another word!).. This is an example of what I have been using: for line in fileinput.FileInput("test_file.txt",inplace=1): > line = line.replace(original, new) > print line, > fileinput.close() original and new are variables that have string values from functions.. original finds each word in a text file and old is a manipulated replacement. Essentially, I would like to replace only the occurrence that is currently selected-- not the rest. for example: python is great, but my python knowledge is limited! regardless, I enjoy > pythonprogramming returns something like: snake is great, but my snake knowledge is limited! regardless, I enjoy > snakeprogramming thanks so much! -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From pine508 at hotmail.com Mon Jul 27 00:05:33 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 18:05:33 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace In-Reply-To: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> References: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: > I am scanning a text file and replacing words with alternatives. My difficulty > is that all occurrences are replaced (even if they are part of another word!).. Could you search for the string ' word ' with the white spaces around it? Shouldn't that only replace words that are not part of another word? > Essentially, I would like to replace only the occurrence that is currently > selected-- not the rest. for example: What do you mean by a word being "currently selected"? That phrase and "scanning a text file" don't make sense to me together. How is the user reading the text to select the word that is to be replaced? (Or maybe I am not understanding something?) CM _________________________________________________________________ Bing? brings you maps, menus, and reviews organized in one place. Try it now. http://www.bing.com/search?q=restaurants&form=MLOGEN&publ=WLHMTAG&crea=TXT_MLOGEN_Local_Local_Restaurants_1x1 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From j8ooth at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 00:23:01 2009 From: j8ooth at gmail.com (j booth) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 18:23:01 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace In-Reply-To: References: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1afd95d30907261523j53799604k5385bca52fd7d008@mail.gmail.com> oops, I mean that the script opens a file and splits it into words; Then it takes each word and searches for an alternative online; with the alternative now stored in a variable, it simply needs to be written back over the original word in the same file. at the moment this might solve the problem, but I need to make sure: for line in fileinput.FileInput("test_file.txt",inplace=1): > line = line.replace(original, new, 1) > > does this make more sense? On Sun, Jul 26, 2009 at 6:05 PM, Che M wrote: > > > I am scanning a text file and replacing words with alternatives. My > difficulty > > is that all occurrences are replaced (even if they are part of another > word!).. > > Could you search for the string ' word ' with the white spaces around it? > Shouldn't > that only replace words that are not part of another word? > > > Essentially, I would like to replace only the occurrence that is > currently > > selected-- not the rest. for example: > > What do you mean by a word being "currently selected"? That phrase and > "scanning a text file" don't make sense to me together. How is the user > reading the text to select the word that is to be replaced? (Or maybe I am > not understanding something?) > > CM > > ------------------------------ > Bing? brings you maps, menus, and reviews organized in one place. Try it > now. > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 00:41:35 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 18:41:35 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace In-Reply-To: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> References: <1afd95d30907261333s20387fd8p3d8cb42f0d1dc49a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6CDB9F.6080006@ieee.org> j booth wrote: > Hello, > > I am scanning a text file and replacing words with alternatives. My > difficulty is that all occurrences are replaced (even if they are part of > another word!).. > > This is an example of what I have been using: > > for line in fileinput.FileInput("test_file.txt",inplace=1): > >> line = line.replace(original, new) >> print line, >> fileinput.close() >> > > > original and new are variables that have string values from functions.. > original finds each word in a text file and old is a manipulated > replacement. Essentially, I would like to replace only the occurrence that > is currently selected-- not the rest. for example: > > python is great, but my python knowledge is limited! regardless, I enjoy > >> pythonprogramming >> > > > returns something like: > > snake is great, but my snake knowledge is limited! regardless, I enjoy > >> snakeprogramming >> > > > thanks so much! > > Not sure what you mean by "currently selected," you're processing a line at a time, and there are multiple legitimate occurrences of the word in the line. The trick is to define what you mean by "word." replace() has no such notion. So we want to write a function such as: given three strings, line, inword, and outword. Find all occurrences of inword in the line, and replace all of them with outword. The definition of word is a group of alphabetic characters (a-z perhaps) that is surrounded by non-alphabetic characters. The approach that I'd use is to prepare a translated copy of the line as follows: Replace each non-alphabetic character with a space. Also insert a space at the beginning and one at the end. Now, take the inword, and similarly add spaces at begin and end. Now search this modified line for all occurrences of this modified inword, and make a list of the indices where it is found. In your example line, there would be 2 items in the list. Now, using the original line, use that list of indices to substitute the outword in the appropriate places. Use slices to do it, preferably from right to left, so the indices will work even though the string is changing. (The easiest way to do right to left is to reverse() the list. DaveA From darthkaboda at msn.com Mon Jul 27 05:15:58 2009 From: darthkaboda at msn.com (Darth Kaboda) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 20:15:58 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: <4A6C42D0.7000900@ieee.org> References: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> <4A6C42D0.7000900@ieee.org> Message-ID: > Good point. It is important to state your goal for the code, preferably > in comments in your code, as well as in the message asking us the > question. Suggest you include a doc-string for each class and method > declaration. > > But it's important to tell us how you expect to use it, as well. If > it's for your own learning, then it's pretty good as it is. But if you > intend to show it to prospective employers, there are a lot of ways to > clean it up. > > > So... > > Unlike Java, not everything needs to be in a class. This shuffler class > accomplishes nothing that the module doesn't already do. The only > instance attribute you use is rgen, and that could just as readily have > been a global (visible within the entire module). > > Naming is important. I think I would have factored it into three > functions cut() and ripple(). shuffle() simply calls cut(), then ripple(). > > You need to know the library better. Andreas already mentioned the std > library random.shuffle(), and you correctly explained why you didn't use > it. But there are other library functions that would make your code > more concise, more readable, and maybe faster. > > Starting with shuffle() (which I'd call ripple()) > > Because Python makes it easy to swap two variables in-place, it's common > to swap arguments directly, rather than copy them to local attributes. > So I'd replace the first 4 lines with: > if self.rgen.randint(0,1): #randomly decide which pile is shuffled > down first > inpile2, inpile1 = inpile1, inpile2 > > len() is very fast, so there's no need for a separate variable to keep > track of the lengths of inpile1 and inpile2. So eliminate all refs to > pile1c and pile2. In the while, just use > while len(inpile1) and len(inpile2): > > Lists have no type associated with them. Each object in a list has its > own type. So there's no meaning to constructing an empty list out of > another one. > rpile = [] > > pop(0) is slow, compared with pop(-1). If you used the latter, you > would have to do a reverse on the list when you were done to keep the > realism. And that would make the code less readable. So I think this > is an unnecessary optimization. But keep it in mind if you're ever > dealing with thousands of items in a list. Peeling them off from the > front one at a time will be slow. > > The logic of popping a random number of cards from one list, and > appending them to the result could be done the same way you do the > cut(), using slices. I think it would be worth it if you made a > separate function out of it, to call from whichever deck was being > operated on. > > Where you do the if i < pile1c you could instead use the min() > function. > i = min(len(inpile1), self.rgen.randint(1,4)) > > At the end of the function, the if pile1c: elif ... logic could be > replaced by > rpile.extend(inpile1).extend(inpile2) > > as there's no harm in extending with an empty list. > > HTH, DaveA > Dave and Alan, Thank you for the advice and showing me some of the small nuances I haven't quite figured out yet. I used both of your suggestions to change the class the updated code is attached if you'd like to see. I tried putting the two extends in the same line and that didn't work as extend doesn't return anything so ended up putting them on consecutive lines without the if statement. Instead of doing the pop method I took your advice and tried it with slices instead along with extends. Shortened the code a bit. One note on pop method is pop() and pop(-1) the same thing? Looks like it based on what I've read but not 100% confident in that answer. On the class versus module I wasn't sure where I'd end up taking this idea so went ahead and coded it as a class. If I actually do much more with this, other then just as a coding exercise to help learn Python, I might be adding things to this or using it as a superclass. Examples of expansion ability to queue up decks, have multiple shufflers going at the same time in a program etc... So without knowing all the options in Python figured the class gave me the greatest flexibility. Yeah otherwise I'd have just made a module and still might switch it if I expand on this depending on what the needs turn out to be. Again thanks to everyone for looking at my code and the quick and helpful feedback. Hoping to do start coding a larger project soon so you'll probably get some questions from me. Thanks, Brian -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: -------------- next part -------------- An embedded and charset-unspecified text was scrubbed... Name: shuffler2.py URL: From cynicalairrick at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 07:44:56 2009 From: cynicalairrick at gmail.com (Luis Galvan) Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 22:44:56 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Reading and Manipulating XML Data In-Reply-To: References: <5cd723fd0907242034y39e20c2ane64e9acfd7abddae@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <5cd723fd0907262244h4bb6357fjebe76f4ef74a6d8b@mail.gmail.com> Hi Alan, I'm liking how clean Element tree is, thanks for the quick reply! Nice definition by the way, I think its a bit clearer now. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From rdmoores at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 09:54:13 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 00:54:13 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? Message-ID: I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the command line shows I'm using 2.62: C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. Advice, please. Thanks, Dick Moores From fomcl at yahoo.com Mon Jul 27 10:10:41 2009 From: fomcl at yahoo.com (Albert-Jan Roskam) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 01:10:41 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace In-Reply-To: <4A6CDB9F.6080006@ieee.org> Message-ID: <936455.35974.qm@web110708.mail.gq1.yahoo.com> Hi! Did you consider using a regex? import re re.sub("python\s", "snake ", "python is cool, pythonprogramming...") Cheers!! Albert-Jan --- On Mon, 7/27/09, Dave Angel wrote: > From: Dave Angel > Subject: Re: [Tutor] simple text replace > To: "j booth" > Cc: tutor at python.org > Date: Monday, July 27, 2009, 12:41 AM > j booth wrote: > > Hello, > > > > I am scanning a text file and replacing words with > alternatives. My > > difficulty is that all occurrences are replaced (even > if they are part of > > another word!).. > > > > This is an example of what I have been using: > > > >? ???for line in > fileinput.FileInput("test_file.txt",inplace=1): > >??? > >>? ? ? ???line = > line.replace(original, new) > >>? ? ? ???print line, > >>? ? ? > ???fileinput.close() > >>? ??? > > > > > > original and new are variables that have string values > from functions.. > > original finds each word in a text file and old is a > manipulated > > replacement. Essentially, I would like to replace only > the occurrence that > > is currently selected-- not the rest. for example: > > > > python is great, but my python knowledge is limited! > regardless, I enjoy > >??? > >> pythonprogramming > >>? ??? > > > > > > returns something like: > > > > snake is great, but my snake knowledge is limited! > regardless, I enjoy > >??? > >> snakeprogramming > >>? ??? > > > > > > thanks so much! > > > >??? > Not sure what you mean by "currently selected," you're > processing a line at a time, and there are multiple > legitimate occurrences of the word in the line. > > The trick is to define what you mean by "word."? > replace() has no such notion.? So we want to write a > function such as: > > given three strings, line, inword, and outword.? Find > all occurrences of inword in the line, and replace all of > them with outword.? The definition of word is a group > of alphabetic characters (a-z perhaps) that is surrounded by > non-alphabetic characters. > > The approach that I'd use is to prepare a translated copy > of the line as follows:???Replace each > non-alphabetic character with a space.? Also insert a > space at the beginning and one at the end.? Now, take > the inword, and similarly add spaces at begin and end.? > Now search this modified line for all occurrences of this > modified inword, and make a list of the indices where it is > found.? In your example line, there would be 2 items in > the list. > > Now, using the original line, use that list of indices to > substitute the outword in the appropriate places.? Use > slices to do it, preferably from right to left, so the > indices will work even though the string is changing.? > (The easiest way to do right to left is to reverse() the > list. > > DaveA > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist? -? Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Mon Jul 27 11:10:49 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 05:10:49 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: Here is what I have so far: import os import csv countries = {} reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) for row in reader: code, name = row countries[name] = code files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) print len(files) for file in files: file = file.strip('.svg') print file # if countries.has_key(file): # print file When I run this I get: Flag_of_Uganda Flag_of_the_United_State Flag_of_Abkhazia Flag_of_Montenegro Flag_of_Qatar Flag_of_Gabon Flag_of_Uzbekistan Flag_of_Kiribati Flag_of_Armenia Flag_of_Panama Flag_of_Monaco Flag_of_Australia Flag_of_Liechtenstein Flag_of_Tunisia Flag_of_Georgia Flag_of_Palau Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic ... The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' I guess after this I can compare the value with the key and map the tld? Or is it better to use regex and then search from the list of countries? But how??? -------- Original Message -------- From: Tim Golden Apparently from: tutor-bounces+davidwilson=safe-mail.net at python.org To: Cc: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 20:41:10 +0100 > davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > > OK I am lost ;( > > > > I changed the code to: > > > >>>> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") > >>>> for row in reader: > > ... print row > > ... > > ['bi', 'Burundi'] > > ['km', 'Comoros'] > > ['dj', 'Djibouti'] > > ['er', 'Eritrea'] > > > > ... > > > > Now each row is a list with two items each. > > > > But when I do this: > > > >>>> dic = [] > >>>> for row in reader: > > ... newdic.append({row[0]: row[1]}) > > ... > >>>> dic > > [] > > > > I get an empty dictionary > > Well, you actually get an empty list :) > To instantiate an empty dictionary, you use curly brackets: > > d = {} > > To add something to a dictionary, you use: > > d[] = > > Try something like this: > > > import csv > > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") > countries = {} # note the curly brackets > for row in reader: > code, name = row # handy Python tuple unpacking > countries[name] = code > > > > > Once you're used to the idea, you can get reasonably slick > with dictionary initialisers and generator expressions: > > import csv > > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") > countries = dict ((row[1], row[0]) for row in reader) > > And once you're really confident (and if you're a > fan of one-liners) you can get away with this: > > import csv > countries = dict ( > (name, code) for \ > (code, name) in \ > csv.reader (open ("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") > ) > > > BTW, I tend to open csv files with "rb" as it seems to > avoid line-ending issues with the csv module. YMMV. > > TJG > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Mon Jul 27 11:30:11 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 11:30:11 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6D73A3.4000907@compuscan.co.za> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is what I have so far: > > import os > import csv > > countries = {} > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > for row in reader: > code, name = row > countries[name] = code > > files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) > print len(files) > > for file in files: > file = file.strip('.svg') > print file > # if countries.has_key(file): > # print file > > When I run this I get: > > Flag_of_Uganda > Flag_of_the_United_State > Flag_of_Abkhazia > Flag_of_Montenegro > Flag_of_Qatar > Flag_of_Gabon > Flag_of_Uzbekistan > Flag_of_Kiribati > Flag_of_Armenia > Flag_of_Panama > Flag_of_Monaco > Flag_of_Australia > Flag_of_Liechtenstein > Flag_of_Tunisia > Flag_of_Georgia > Flag_of_Palau > Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic > ... > > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State > > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' > > I guess after this I can compare the value with the key and map the tld? > > Or is it better to use regex and then search from the list of countries? But how??? > > -------- Original Message -------- > From: Tim Golden > Apparently from: tutor-bounces+davidwilson=safe-mail.net at python.org > To: > Cc: tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory > Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 20:41:10 +0100 > > >> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: >> >>> OK I am lost ;( >>> >>> I changed the code to: >>> >>> >>>>>> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >>>>>> for row in reader: >>>>>> >>> ... print row >>> ... >>> ['bi', 'Burundi'] >>> ['km', 'Comoros'] >>> ['dj', 'Djibouti'] >>> ['er', 'Eritrea'] >>> >>> ... >>> >>> Now each row is a list with two items each. >>> >>> But when I do this: >>> >>> >>>>>> dic = [] >>>>>> for row in reader: >>>>>> >>> ... newdic.append({row[0]: row[1]}) >>> ... >>> >>>>>> dic >>>>>> >>> [] >>> >>> I get an empty dictionary >>> >> Well, you actually get an empty list :) >> To instantiate an empty dictionary, you use curly brackets: >> >> d = {} >> >> To add something to a dictionary, you use: >> >> d[] = >> >> Try something like this: >> >> >> import csv >> >> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> countries = {} # note the curly brackets >> for row in reader: >> code, name = row # handy Python tuple unpacking >> countries[name] = code >> >> >> >> >> Once you're used to the idea, you can get reasonably slick >> with dictionary initialisers and generator expressions: >> >> import csv >> >> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> countries = dict ((row[1], row[0]) for row in reader) >> >> And once you're really confident (and if you're a >> fan of one-liners) you can get away with this: >> >> import csv >> countries = dict ( >> (name, code) for \ >> (code, name) in \ >> csv.reader (open ("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> ) >> >> >> BTW, I tend to open csv files with "rb" as it seems to >> avoid line-ending issues with the csv module. YMMV. >> >> TJG >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > Strip will remove those characters until it hits a character not in the set. You could use file.split('.svg')[0] -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Mon Jul 27 11:32:28 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 11:32:28 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6D742C.7000903@compuscan.co.za> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is what I have so far: > > import os > import csv > > countries = {} > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > for row in reader: > code, name = row > countries[name] = code > > files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) > print len(files) > > for file in files: > file = file.strip('.svg') > print file > # if countries.has_key(file): > # print file > > When I run this I get: > > Flag_of_Uganda > Flag_of_the_United_State > Flag_of_Abkhazia > Flag_of_Montenegro > Flag_of_Qatar > Flag_of_Gabon > Flag_of_Uzbekistan > Flag_of_Kiribati > Flag_of_Armenia > Flag_of_Panama > Flag_of_Monaco > Flag_of_Australia > Flag_of_Liechtenstein > Flag_of_Tunisia > Flag_of_Georgia > Flag_of_Palau > Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic > ... > > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State > > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' > > I guess after this I can compare the value with the key and map the tld? > > Or is it better to use regex and then search from the list of countries? But how??? > > -------- Original Message -------- > From: Tim Golden > Apparently from: tutor-bounces+davidwilson=safe-mail.net at python.org > To: > Cc: tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory > Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2009 20:41:10 +0100 > > >> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: >> >>> OK I am lost ;( >>> >>> I changed the code to: >>> >>> >>>>>> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >>>>>> for row in reader: >>>>>> >>> ... print row >>> ... >>> ['bi', 'Burundi'] >>> ['km', 'Comoros'] >>> ['dj', 'Djibouti'] >>> ['er', 'Eritrea'] >>> >>> ... >>> >>> Now each row is a list with two items each. >>> >>> But when I do this: >>> >>> >>>>>> dic = [] >>>>>> for row in reader: >>>>>> >>> ... newdic.append({row[0]: row[1]}) >>> ... >>> >>>>>> dic >>>>>> >>> [] >>> >>> I get an empty dictionary >>> >> Well, you actually get an empty list :) >> To instantiate an empty dictionary, you use curly brackets: >> >> d = {} >> >> To add something to a dictionary, you use: >> >> d[] = >> >> Try something like this: >> >> >> import csv >> >> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> countries = {} # note the curly brackets >> for row in reader: >> code, name = row # handy Python tuple unpacking >> countries[name] = code >> >> >> >> >> Once you're used to the idea, you can get reasonably slick >> with dictionary initialisers and generator expressions: >> >> import csv >> >> reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> countries = dict ((row[1], row[0]) for row in reader) >> >> And once you're really confident (and if you're a >> fan of one-liners) you can get away with this: >> >> import csv >> countries = dict ( >> (name, code) for \ >> (code, name) in \ >> csv.reader (open ("countries.csv"), delimiter=";") >> ) >> >> >> BTW, I tend to open csv files with "rb" as it seems to >> avoid line-ending issues with the csv module. YMMV. >> >> TJG >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > Hit send a little early there. Strip will remove those characters until it hits a character not in the set. You could use file.split('.svg')[0] You could also use split to get rid of the Flag_of_ by doing file = file.split('.svg')[0].split('_')[2] or you could use replace for it file = file.split('.svg')[0].replace('Flag_of_', '') -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From mail at timgolden.me.uk Mon Jul 27 11:21:13 2009 From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 10:21:13 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6D7189.6010409@timgolden.me.uk> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is what I have so far: > > import os > import csv > > countries = {} > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > for row in reader: > code, name = row > countries[name] = code > > files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) You don't really need the set () here, as I doubt your operating system allows two files of the same name in the same directory. Also, you can use os.listdir (".") if you want. > print len(files) > > for file in files: > file = file.strip('.svg') > print file > # if countries.has_key(file): > # print file > [... snip ...] > > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg > when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State Yes, this is a common gotcha when using strip. Check out the docs of strip: """ Help on built-in function strip: strip(...) S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ The parameter to strip -- if given -- is a string of chars, any and all of which are stripped from the ends of the string. It is not a *string* which is stripped in its entirety; it is a list of characters. So here, Python is stripping any of ".", "s", "v", "g" from the ends of your string. I suggest you put together a little function, eg: def rstrip_string (look_in, look_for): if look_in.endswith (look_for): return look_in[:-len (look_for)] else: return look_in which you can then call: files = [rstrip_string (f, ".svg") for f in files] > > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' Same sort of idea. > > I guess after this I can compare the value with the key and map the tld? > > Or is it better to use regex and then search from the list of countries? But how??? regex would be possible here, but probably overkill. You're very nearly there. Assuming the format of the strings is consistently simple, you can take shortcuts as above. If it's possible that one file has "flag_of" while another has "flag-of" and another "flags-of" then you might need to get fancier. TJG From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 11:22:57 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 10:22:57 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory References: Message-ID: wrote > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg > when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State Thats because strip removes all of the characters in the given string. You would probably be better removing the extension using the os.path.splitext() function. > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' You could try replacing with a null string. Do the second one first followed by the first if necessary, using the string.replace() method. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 12:37:48 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 06:37:48 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] simple text replace In-Reply-To: <936455.35974.qm@web110708.mail.gq1.yahoo.com> References: <936455.35974.qm@web110708.mail.gq1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <4A6D837C.8060003@ieee.org> Albert-Jan Roskam wrote: > Hi! > > Did you consider using a regex? > > import re > re.sub("python\s", "snake ", "python is cool, pythonprogramming...") > > Cheers!! > Albert-Jan > > > --- On Mon, 7/27/09, Dave Angel wrote: > > >> From: Dave Angel >> Subject: Re: [Tutor] simple text replace >> To: "j booth" >> Cc: tutor at python.org >> Date: Monday, July 27, 2009, 12:41 AM >> j booth wrote: >> >>> Hello, >>> >>> I am scanning a text file and replacing words with >>> >> alternatives. My >> >>> difficulty is that all occurrences are replaced (even >>> >> if they are part of >> >>> another word!).. >>> >>> This is an example of what I have been using: >>> >>> for line in >>> >> fileinput.FileInput("test_file.txt",inplace=1): >> >>> >>> >>>> line = >>>> >> line.replace(original, new) >> >>>> print line, >>>> >>>> >> fileinput.close() >> >>>> >>>> >>> original and new are variables that have string values >>> >> from functions.. >> >>> original finds each word in a text file and old is a >>> >> manipulated >> >>> replacement. Essentially, I would like to replace only >>> >> the occurrence that >> >>> is currently selected-- not the rest. for example: >>> >>> python is great, but my python knowledge is limited! >>> >> regardless, I enjoy >> >>> >>> >>>> pythonprogramming >>>> >>>> >>> returns something like: >>> >>> snake is great, but my snake knowledge is limited! >>> >> regardless, I enjoy >> >>> >>> >>>> snakeprogramming >>>> >>>> >>> thanks so much! >>> >>> >>> >> Not sure what you mean by "currently selected," you're >> processing a line at a time, and there are multiple >> legitimate occurrences of the word in the line. >> >> The trick is to define what you mean by "word." >> replace() has no such notion. So we want to write a >> function such as: >> >> given three strings, line, inword, and outword. Find >> all occurrences of inword in the line, and replace all of >> them with outword. The definition of word is a group >> of alphabetic characters (a-z perhaps) that is surrounded by >> non-alphabetic characters. >> >> The approach that I'd use is to prepare a translated copy >> of the line as follows: Replace each >> non-alphabetic character with a space. Also insert a >> space at the beginning and one at the end. Now, take >> the inword, and similarly add spaces at begin and end. >> Now search this modified line for all occurrences of this >> modified inword, and make a list of the indices where it is >> found. In your example line, there would be 2 items in >> the list. >> >> Now, using the original line, use that list of indices to >> substitute the outword in the appropriate places. Use >> slices to do it, preferably from right to left, so the >> indices will work even though the string is changing. >> (The easiest way to do right to left is to reverse() the >> list. >> >> DaveA >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> (Please don't top-post on this list. The message then appears out of order. Append new responses to end, or inline when appropriate) Yes, a regex would make a lot of sense here. But a person should not take on regular expressions till they have lots of experience with the rest of the language. Besides, it's pretty easy to have subtle bugs, even with such a simple case. For example your re string would erroneously convert the word "newpython", and miss the last two occurrences of the real word "python" near the end of the string. import re print st = re.sub("python\s", "snake ", "python is cool, pythonprogramming... newpython becomes python, or python") Output: snake is cool, pythonprogramming... newsnake becomes python, or python (gives the wrong answer, in three places) DaveA From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 12:56:26 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 06:56:26 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] First code snipet In-Reply-To: References: <1248570147.28544.249.camel@andi-lap> <4A6C42D0.7000900@ieee.org> Message-ID: <4A6D87DA.8070609@ieee.org> Darth Kaboda wrote: >> Good point. It is important to state your goal for the code, preferably >> in comments in your code, as well as in the message asking us the >> question. Suggest you include a doc-string for each class and method >> declaration. >> >> But it's important to tell us how you expect to use it, as well. If >> it's for your own learning, then it's pretty good as it is. But if you >> intend to show it to prospective employers, there are a lot of ways to >> clean it up. >> >> >> So... >> >> Unlike Java, not everything needs to be in a class. This shuffler class >> accomplishes nothing that the module doesn't already do. The only >> instance attribute you use is rgen, and that could just as readily have >> been a global (visible within the entire module). >> >> Naming is important. I think I would have factored it into three >> functions cut() and ripple(). shuffle() simply calls cut(), then ripple(). >> >> You need to know the library better. Andreas already mentioned the std >> library random.shuffle(), and you correctly explained why you didn't use >> it. But there are other library functions that would make your code >> more concise, more readable, and maybe faster. >> >> Starting with shuffle() (which I'd call ripple()) >> >> Because Python makes it easy to swap two variables in-place, it's common >> to swap arguments directly, rather than copy them to local attributes. >> So I'd replace the first 4 lines with: >> if self.rgen.randint(0,1): #randomly decide which pile is shuffled >> down first >> inpile2, inpile1 = inpile1, inpile2 >> >> len() is very fast, so there's no need for a separate variable to keep >> track of the lengths of inpile1 and inpile2. So eliminate all refs to >> pile1c and pile2. In the while, just use >> while len(inpile1) and len(inpile2): >> >> Lists have no type associated with them. Each object in a list has its >> own type. So there's no meaning to constructing an empty list out of >> another one. >> rpile = [] >> >> pop(0) is slow, compared with pop(-1). If you used the latter, you >> would have to do a reverse on the list when you were done to keep the >> realism. And that would make the code less readable. So I think this >> is an unnecessary optimization. But keep it in mind if you're ever >> dealing with thousands of items in a list. Peeling them off from the >> front one at a time will be slow. >> >> The logic of popping a random number of cards from one list, and >> appending them to the result could be done the same way you do the >> cut(), using slices. I think it would be worth it if you made a >> separate function out of it, to call from whichever deck was being >> operated on. >> >> Where you do the if i < pile1c you could instead use the min() >> function. >> i = min(len(inpile1), self.rgen.randint(1,4)) >> >> At the end of the function, the if pile1c: elif ... logic could be >> replaced by >> rpile.extend(inpile1).extend(inpile2) >> >> as there's no harm in extending with an empty list. >> >> HTH, DaveA >> >> > > > Dave and Alan, > > > > Thank you for the advice and showing me some of the small nuances I haven't quite figured out yet. I used both of your suggestions to change the class the updated code is attached if you'd like to see. > > > > I tried putting the two extends in the same line and that didn't work as extend doesn't return anything so ended up putting them on consecutive lines without the if statement. > > > > Instead of doing the pop method I took your advice and tried it with slices instead along with extends. Shortened the code a bit. One note on pop method is pop() and pop(-1) the same thing? Looks like it based on what I've read but not 100% confident in that answer. > > > > On the class versus module I wasn't sure where I'd end up taking this idea so went ahead and coded it as a class. If I actually do much more with this, other then just as a coding exercise to help learn Python, I might be adding things to this or using it as a superclass. Examples of expansion ability to queue up decks, have multiple shufflers going at the same time in a program etc... So without knowing all the options in Python figured the class gave me the greatest flexibility. Yeah otherwise I'd have just made a module and still might switch it if I expand on this depending on what the needs turn out to be. > > > > Again thanks to everyone for looking at my code and the quick and helpful feedback. Hoping to do start coding a larger project soon so you'll probably get some questions from me. > > > > Thanks, > > Brian > > You're certainly welcome. Sorry I blew it on extend(). I should have known better; not just remembered. Python is pretty consistent - when a method modifies its self-data, it generally doesn't return it as well. For example sort() returns None, while sorted() returns the new list. As for pop(-1): it'll always take from the end of the list, rather than the beginning for pop(0). That's faster, but the result ends up backwards. So you call reverse() on the result to get it back to where you began. I hope I pointed out that it's a minor optimization for small lists, and that it might obscure clarity. However, the notion that -1 refers to the end of a list or string is a useful one to learn, for both indexing and slicing. From some perspectives, a module is analogous to a class for which all methods are class methods (java static). And that in turn is very similar to a class for which only one instance will ever be created. As your class currently stands, the only reason I can imagine needing a second instance is if you were operating on more than one deck simultaneously, and wanted random() to be repeatable between runs, so you would be separately maintaining the random seed for each deck. However, you're quite right that other methods and instance attributes might make it necessary to be a class. DaveA From kent37 at tds.net Mon Jul 27 13:01:32 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:01:32 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907270401y648cc412k39eca501a3f6a192@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 5:10 AM, wrote: > files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) > print len(files) > > for file in files: > ? ?file = file.strip('.svg') > ? ?print file > # ? ?if countries.has_key(file): > # ? ? ? print file > > When I run this I get: > > Flag_of_Uganda > ... > > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State > > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' I suggest you use glob.glob() instead of os.listdir(): files = glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg) Then you know that each file name starts with Flag_of_ and ends with .svg. To remove them, since they are fixed strings you can just use slicing; file = file[8:-4] if file.startswith('the_'): file = file[4:] Kent From gregor.lingl at aon.at Mon Jul 27 13:27:33 2009 From: gregor.lingl at aon.at (Gregor Lingl) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 13:27:33 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Dick Moores schrieb: > I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting > with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP > environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the > command line shows I'm using 2.62: > > C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python > Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit > (Intel)] on win32 > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. > > > So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using > 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on > E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: > Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit > (Intel)] on win32 > Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. > > And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. > > Advice, please. > I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the program, which is used to 'open' it. In Windows explorer choose menu extras/directory options, then choose tab file types and select PYW type then press button 'advacned...' or somethng like this at the bottom of the tab, chose 'open' and the button to change this. If you see the entry "C:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "%1" %* change this to Python26 My translations from the German button captions to English might not be correct. Hope this helps anyway. Regards, Gregor > Thanks, > > Dick Moores > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > > From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Mon Jul 27 14:26:23 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 08:26:23 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: Here is the updated viersion: --- import glob import csv from os import rename countries = {} reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) for row in reader: code, name = row countries[name] = code files = set([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) for file in files: file = file[8:-4] if file.startswith('the_'): file = file[4:] if countries.has_key(file): b = 'flag-'+ countries[file] + '.svg' print b rename(file, b) But I cannot get the rename to take effect and I get an error: $ python rename_svg.py Uganda flag-ug.svg Traceback (most recent call last): File "rename_svg.py", line 21, in rename(file, b) OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory What am I missing? -------- Original Message -------- From: Kent Johnson Apparently from: kent3737 at gmail.com To: davidwilson at safe-mail.net Cc: mail at timgolden.me.uk, tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:01:32 -0400 > On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 5:10 AM, wrote: > > > files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) > > print len(files) > > > > for file in files: > > ? ?file = file.strip('.svg') > > ? ?print file > > # ? ?if countries.has_key(file): > > # ? ? ? print file > > > > When I run this I get: > > > > Flag_of_Uganda > > ... > > > > The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State > > > > Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' > > I suggest you use glob.glob() instead of os.listdir(): > > files = glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg) > > Then you know that each file name starts with Flag_of_ and ends with > .svg. To remove them, since they are fixed strings you can just use > slicing; > file = file[8:-4] > if file.startswith('the_'): > file = file[4:] > > Kent From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Mon Jul 27 15:04:00 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 15:04:00 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6DA5C0.4060108@compuscan.co.za> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is the updated viersion: > > --- > > import glob > import csv > from os import rename > > > countries = {} > reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > for row in reader: > code, name = row > countries[name] = code > > files = set([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) > > for file in files: > file = file[8:-4] > if file.startswith('the_'): > file = file[4:] > if countries.has_key(file): > b = 'flag-'+ countries[file] + '.svg' > print b > rename(file, b) > > But I cannot get the rename to take effect and I get an error: > > $ python rename_svg.py > Uganda flag-ug.svg > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "rename_svg.py", line 21, in > rename(file, b) > OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory > > What am I missing? > > -------- Original Message -------- > From: Kent Johnson > Apparently from: kent3737 at gmail.com > To: davidwilson at safe-mail.net > Cc: mail at timgolden.me.uk, tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory > Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:01:32 -0400 > > >> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 5:10 AM, wrote: >> >> >>> files = set([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) >>> print len(files) >>> >>> for file in files: >>> file = file.strip('.svg') >>> print file >>> # if countries.has_key(file): >>> # print file >>> >>> When I run this I get: >>> >>> Flag_of_Uganda >>> ... >>> >>> The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State >>> >>> Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' >>> >> I suggest you use glob.glob() instead of os.listdir(): >> >> files = glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg) >> >> Then you know that each file name starts with Flag_of_ and ends with >> .svg. To remove them, since they are fixed strings you can just use >> slicing; >> file = file[8:-4] >> if file.startswith('the_'): >> file = file[4:] >> >> Kent >> > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > You changed the name contained in file from the original so it now cannot find what you are referring to. Try not to shadow built-in names like file by the way, it can cause unintended side-effects. Make changes to this effect: for filename in files: fn = filename[8:-4] if fn.startswith('the_'): fn = fn[4:] if fn in countries: # Dictionaries can be accessed this way and it looks cleaner. new_filename = 'flag-%s.svg' % countries[fn] # String formatting is neater and faster than concatenation rename(filename, new_filename) -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 15:01:58 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 09:01:58 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6DA546.3080005@ieee.org> davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > Here is the updated viersion: > > --- > > import glob > import csv > from os import rename > > > countries =} > reader =sv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > for row in reader: > code, name =ow > countries[name] =ode > > files =et([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) > > for file in files: > file =ile[8:-4] > if file.startswith('the_'): > file =ile[4:] > if countries.has_key(file): > b =flag-'+ countries[file] + '.svg' > print b > rename(file, b) > > But I cannot get the rename to take effect and I get an error: > > $ python rename_svg.py > Uganda flag-ug.svg > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "rename_svg.py", line 21, in > rename(file, b) > OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory > > What am I missing? > > -------- Original Message -------- > From: Kent Johnson > Apparently from: kent3737 at gmail.com > To: davidwilson at safe-mail.net > Cc: mail at timgolden.me.uk, tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory > Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:01:32 -0400 > > >> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 5:10 AM, wrote: >> >> >>> files =et([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) >>> print len(files) >>> >>> for file in files: >>> file =ile.strip('.svg') >>> print file >>> # if countries.has_key(file): >>> # print file >>> >>> When I run this I get: >>> >>> Flag_of_Uganda >>> ... >>> >>> The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State >>> >>> Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' >>> >> I suggest you use glob.glob() instead of os.listdir(): >> >> files =lob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg) >> >> Then you know that each file name starts with Flag_of_ and ends with >> .svg. To remove them, since they are fixed strings you can just use >> slicing; >> file =ile[8:-4] >> if file.startswith('the_'): >> file =ile[4:] >> >> Kent >> > > (Please don't top-post on this mailing list. It hopelessly confuses which order the quoted messages come.) > One reason the rename() will fail is that you're changing file between the for loop and the rename. Incidentally, file is a lousy name to use, since it already has a meaning in the std lib. It's the type of the object you get from open(), or from glob.glog(). I didn't check the rest, but for this change, you'd get: for infile in files: country = infile[8:-4] if country.startswith('the_'): country = country[4:] if countries.has_key(file): b = 'flag-'+ countries[country] + '.svg' print b rename(file, b) BTW, several other characters were dropped in your email. Did you retype the code (bad), or use cut/paste? DaveA From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 15:03:25 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 09:03:25 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: <4A6DA59D.6040906@ieee.org> Gregor Lingl wrote: >

Dick > Moores schrieb: >> I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting >> with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP >> environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the >> command line shows I'm using 2.62: >> >> C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python >> Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit >> (Intel)] on win32 >> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >> >> So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using >> 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on >> E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: >> Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit >> (Intel)] on win32 >> Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >> >> And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. >> >> Advice, please. >> > I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the > program, which is used to 'open' it. > > In Windows explorer choose menu extras/directory options, > then choose tab file types and select PYW type > then press button 'advacned...' or somethng like this at the bottom > of the tab, chose 'open' and the button to change this. > > If you see the entry > > "C:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "%1" %* > > change this to Python26 > > My translations from the German button captions to > English might not be correct. Hope this helps anyway. > > Regards, > Gregor > > >> Thanks, >> >> Dick Moores >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> >> > For future reference, assoc and ftype are commandline tools that let you examine and modify those file associations. Very useful if you have to go back and forth between two versions. DaveA From rdmoores at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 15:58:53 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 06:58:53 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 04:27, Gregor Lingl wrote: > Dick Moores schrieb: >> >> I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting >> with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP >> environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the >> command line shows I'm using 2.62: >> >> C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python >> Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit >> (Intel)] on win32 >> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >> >> So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using >> 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on >> E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: >> Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit >> (Intel)] on win32 >> Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >> >> And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. >> >> Advice, please. >> > > I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the > program, which is used to 'open' it. > > In Windows explorer choose menu extras/directory options, > then choose tab file types and select PYW type > then press button 'advacned...' or somethng like this at the bottom > of the tab, chose 'open' and the button to change this. > > If you see the entry > > "C:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "%1" %* > > change this to Python26 Yes! After I did that, now when I call E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw the IDLE that opens uses 2.62. But I also want to use Ulipad, actually my main Python editor. When I call E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\UliPad.pyw (by clicking on it in Explorer), Ulipad no longer opens. Before I made the change you suggested, at least Ulipad would open using 2.51. What can I do to use both IDLE and Ulipad with 2.62? Dick From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Mon Jul 27 16:14:24 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 10:14:24 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Message-ID: Thank you all for your help. -------- Original Message -------- From: Dave Angel Apparently from: SRS0=PAJG=DU=ieee.org=davea at srs.perfora.net To: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Cc: kent37 at tds.net, tutor at python.org Subject: Re: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 09:01:58 -0400 > davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > > Here is the updated viersion: > > > > --- > > > > import glob > > import csv > > from os import rename > > > > > > countries =} > > reader =sv.reader(open("countries.csv")) > > for row in reader: > > code, name =ow > > countries[name] =ode > > > > files =et([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) > > > > for file in files: > > file =ile[8:-4] > > if file.startswith('the_'): > > file =ile[4:] > > if countries.has_key(file): > > b =flag-'+ countries[file] + '.svg' > > print b > > rename(file, b) > > > > But I cannot get the rename to take effect and I get an error: > > > > $ python rename_svg.py > > Uganda flag-ug.svg > > Traceback (most recent call last): > > File "rename_svg.py", line 21, in > > rename(file, b) > > OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory > > > > What am I missing? > > > > -------- Original Message -------- > > From: Kent Johnson > > Apparently from: kent3737 at gmail.com > > To: davidwilson at safe-mail.net > > Cc: mail at timgolden.me.uk, tutor at python.org > > Subject: Re: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory > > Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 07:01:32 -0400 > > > > > >> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 5:10 AM, wrote: > >> > >> > >>> files =et([file for file in os.listdir(os.getcwd()) if file.endswith('svg')]) > >>> print len(files) > >>> > >>> for file in files: > >>> file =ile.strip('.svg') > >>> print file > >>> # if countries.has_key(file): > >>> # print file > >>> > >>> When I run this I get: > >>> > >>> Flag_of_Uganda > >>> ... > >>> > >>> The problem is that for example the file Flag_of_the_United_States.svg when I use the strip('.svg') it is returned as Flag_of_the_United_State > >>> > >>> Also, How do I remove 'Flag_of', 'Flag_of_the_' > >>> > >> I suggest you use glob.glob() instead of os.listdir(): > >> > >> files =lob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg) > >> > >> Then you know that each file name starts with Flag_of_ and ends with > >> .svg. To remove them, since they are fixed strings you can just use > >> slicing; > >> file =ile[8:-4] > >> if file.startswith('the_'): > >> file =ile[4:] > >> > >> Kent > >> > > > > (Please don't top-post on this mailing list. It hopelessly confuses which order the quoted messages come.) > > > > One reason the rename() will fail is that you're changing file between > the for loop and the rename. Incidentally, file is a lousy name to use, > since it already has a meaning in the std lib. It's the type of the > object you get from open(), or from glob.glog(). > > > I didn't check the rest, but for this change, you'd get: > > for infile in files: > country = infile[8:-4] > if country.startswith('the_'): > country = country[4:] > if countries.has_key(file): > b = 'flag-'+ countries[country] + '.svg' > print b > rename(file, b) > > > BTW, several other characters were dropped in your email. Did you > retype the code (bad), or use cut/paste? I just cut and paste from vim. Here is the final code: import glob import csv from os import rename countries = {} reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) for row in reader: code, name = row countries[name] = code files = set([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) for filename in files: fn = filename[8:-4] if fn.startswith('the_'): fn = fn[4:] if fn in countries: new_filename = 'flag-%s.svg' % countries[fn] rename(filename, new_filename) > > DaveA From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 18:27:45 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 17:27:45 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] renaming files within a directory References: Message-ID: wrote > files = set([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) > > for file in files: > file = file[8:-4] Yu probably want to keep the filename unouched and use a variable like country here. > if file.startswith('the_'): > file = file[4:] > if countries.has_key(file): > b = 'flag-'+ countries[file] + '.svg' > print b > rename(file, b) You are trying to use file in the rename but you have modified the filename so it is no longer valid. I'd use filename as the variable in the for loop and country for the modified version used to access the dictionary. > $ python rename_svg.py > Uganda flag-ug.svg Where does the Uganda come from? Loooks like the real code has an extra print statement somewhere? HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 18:32:39 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 17:32:39 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: "Dick Moores" wrote >> I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the >> program, which is used to 'open' it. >> > Yes! After I did that, now when I call > E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw the IDLE that opens uses 2.62. > > But I also want to use Ulipad, actually my main Python editor. When I > call E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\UliPad.pyw (by clicking on it in Explorer), > Ulipad no longer opens. Before I made the change you suggested, at > least Ulipad would open using 2.51. What can I do to use both IDLE and > Ulipad with 2.62? What I do for these things is create a shortcut which specifies the full path to the interpreter and to the pyw file. I also set the working foldeer to wherever is most appropriate - usually my project folder. That's fairly bulletproof in my experience! HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 18:35:08 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 10:35:08 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] problem with csv dictreader Message-ID: <9356b9f30907270935k508018fbv38ad0c434fa6d7e5@mail.gmail.com> Hello, I'm enjoying learning python but then I come across some basic things that makes me stumped... I have 2 csv files and I want to see which ones are duplicates based on two criteria email, or telephone. The order of fields in both csv files are different. Here are a sample bogus data: import csv bv = """NAME,BVADDRTELNO1,BVADDREMAIL Company1, 1234567788, this at that.com CompanyA, 1231234455, that at this.com CompanyC, 1011011111, new at this.com CompanyD, 2222222222, old at olde.com """ site = """Company,Email,Phone "Company3","nothing at nada.com","1234560000" "CompanyD","old at olde.com","2222222222" "Company1","this at that.com","1234567788" """ bv = bv.upper() # This is just to make the data more homogeneous and detect duplicates more easily site = site.upper() bvreader = csv.DictReader(bv.splitlines(True)) sitelist = csv.DictReader(site.splitlines(True)) for row in sitelist: for line in bvreader: if row['EMAIL'] == line['BVADDREMAIL']: print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] #===== My questions are: Why nothing is being printed? Two rows should be printed right? What would be better for the outer loop, the bigger list or the small list? The biglist (bvreader) is under 2100 lines (244Kb) and the smaller list (sitelist) can be 20 lines or less. Thanks. Eduardo From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Mon Jul 27 19:16:26 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 13:16:26 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] subprocess.call Message-ID: Hello again, >From my previous post I would now like to transform the SVG images using the svg2png library, but am having difficulties in making it work. Here is the code: import glob import csv from os import rename import subprocess countries = {} reader = csv.reader(open("countries.csv")) for row in reader: code, name = row countries[name] = code files = set([file for file in glob.glob('Flag_of_*.svg')]) for filename in files: fn = filename[8:-4] if fn.startswith('the_'): fn = fn[4:] if fn in countries: new_filename = 'flag-%s' % countries[fn] subprocess.call(['svg2png --width=17 --height=12 %s %s' \ % (filename, new_filename + '.png')]) $ python rename_svg.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "rename_svg.py", line 22, in % (filename, new_filename + '.png')]) File "/home/dwilson/usr/local/python2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 444, in call return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait() File "/home/dwilson/usr/local/python2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 595, in __init__ errread, errwrite) File "/home/dwilson/usr/local/python2.6/lib/python2.6/subprocess.py", line 1092, in _execute_child raise child_exception OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory Where am I doing this wrong? Dave From ctcast at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 20:13:31 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 13:13:31 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek Message-ID: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> so I have a string: 1 4|-| 50 |_33+. I love [#ick3n 4nd ch3353. Don't you love +|_|2|\e7 \/\/1+# the |#a|-|i|_7? and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: fileIn = open("encrypted.txt", "r").read() def eng2leet(astring): astring = astring.replace("4","a") astring = astring.replace("8","b") astring = astring.replace("[","c") astring = astring.replace("|)","d") astring = astring.replace("3","e") astring = astring.replace("|#","f") astring = astring.replace("6","g") astring = astring.replace("#","h") astring = astring.replace("1","i") astring = astring.replace("]","j") astring = astring.replace("|\\","k") astring = astring.replace("|_","l") astring = astring.replace("|-|","m") astring = astring.replace("|\\","n") astring = astring.replace("0","o") astring = astring.replace("|*","p") astring = astring.replace("0\\","q") astring = astring.replace("2","r") astring = astring.replace("5","s") astring = astring.replace("+","t") astring = astring.replace("|_|","u") astring = astring.replace("\/","v") astring = astring.replace("\/\/","w") astring = astring.replace("><","x") astring = astring.replace("7","y") astring = astring.replace("7_","z") return astring print eng2leet(fileIn) Only problem is that when it needs to translate a U or a W it prints an L or 2 V's. Need some help please. Thanks -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 20:14:19 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:14:19 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: <4A6DEE7B.7020805@ieee.org> Dick Moores wrote: > On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 04:27, Gregor Lingl wrote: > >> Dick Moores schrieb: >> >>> I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting >>> with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP >>> environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the >>> command line shows I'm using 2.62: >>> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python >>> Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit >>> (Intel)] on win32 >>> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> >>> So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using >>> 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on >>> E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: >>> Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit >>> (Intel)] on win32 >>> Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> >>> And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. >>> >>> Advice, please. >>> >>> >> I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the >> program, which is used to 'open' it. >> >> In Windows explorer choose menu extras/directory options, >> then choose tab file types and select PYW type >> then press button 'advacned...' or somethng like this at the bottom >> of the tab, chose 'open' and the button to change this. >> >> If you see the entry >> >> "C:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "%1" %* >> >> change this to Python26 >> > > Yes! After I did that, now when I call > E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw the IDLE that opens uses 2.62. > > But I also want to use Ulipad, actually my main Python editor. When I > call E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\UliPad.pyw (by clicking on it in Explorer), > Ulipad no longer opens. Before I made the change you suggested, at > least Ulipad would open using 2.51. What can I do to use both IDLE and > Ulipad with 2.62? > > Dick > > I don't know IDLE, so I don't really know how it decides which Python to use. In this thread Gregor suggested fixing the file association, which is certainly reasonable. And I suggested what to me is an easier way to fix associations. But there may be another way that I just don't know about, such as some environment variable. You could send email to idle-dev at python.org. One other thought: Idle.bat is located in the install directory of python. So perhaps it locates the python that it's running with. Could you try running it more explicitly? Make your own bat file that instead of start idle.pyw %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 looks like e: cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* I do know that when you double-click on a xxx.pyw file in Explorer, it will use the association to decide which program, and there's only one program you can have there. My preference is to have it execute the program, not start IDLE, a text editor, or any IDE. You may feel differently, but if you agree with me, then you might want to add UliPad.exe in the context menu of explorer. If you do that successfully, then when you right-click on a .pyw file, one of your choices will be "Run Ulipad." The following is pretty-much pasted from some notes I took quite a while ago, and may not be quite right. So if you're not pretty familiar with the registry, you probably shouldn't experiment just based on this. >>>In the Windows registry, add a new key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Directory\shell >>>Make its default value the item text you want in the context menu. >>>Add a new key under it, "command", and make its default value the command line you want to execute. Will look like this: >>>"complete path to ulipad.exe" %1 %* >>>See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd807139(VS.85).aspx for more details In addition to adding it to right-click menu, you could also add it to the "open-with" list, or to "Send-To" list. I don't have any cookbook for any of these, but I've done each at one time or another. DaveA From sisson.j at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 20:38:14 2009 From: sisson.j at gmail.com (J Sisson) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 13:38:14 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4297a9020907271138s521f86c7ue1e1913b7982f379@mail.gmail.com> You need a deterministic algorithm for conversion. It's impossible (without analyzing the context of the word) to translate "|_|#" (it's either "lf" or "uh", but which?). On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 1:13 PM, Chris Castillo wrote: > so I have a string: > > 1 4|-| 50 |_33+. I love [#ick3n 4nd ch3353. Don't you love +|_|2|\e7 > \/\/1+# the |#a|-|i|_7? > > > and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: > > fileIn = open("encrypted.txt", "r").read() > > def eng2leet(astring): > astring = astring.replace("4","a") > astring = astring.replace("8","b") > astring = astring.replace("[","c") > astring = astring.replace("|)","d") > astring = astring.replace("3","e") > astring = astring.replace("|#","f") > astring = astring.replace("6","g") > astring = astring.replace("#","h") > astring = astring.replace("1","i") > astring = astring.replace("]","j") > astring = astring.replace("|\\","k") > astring = astring.replace("|_","l") > astring = astring.replace("|-|","m") > astring = astring.replace("|\\","n") > astring = astring.replace("0","o") > astring = astring.replace("|*","p") > astring = astring.replace("0\\","q") > astring = astring.replace("2","r") > astring = astring.replace("5","s") > astring = astring.replace("+","t") > astring = astring.replace("|_|","u") > astring = astring.replace("\/","v") > astring = astring.replace("\/\/","w") > astring = astring.replace("><","x") > astring = astring.replace("7","y") > astring = astring.replace("7_","z") > return astring > > print eng2leet(fileIn) > > Only problem is that when it needs to translate a U or a W it prints an L > or 2 V's. Need some help please. Thanks > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -- Computers are like air conditioners... They quit working when you open Windows. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davidwilson at Safe-mail.net Mon Jul 27 20:40:27 2009 From: davidwilson at Safe-mail.net (davidwilson at Safe-mail.net) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:40:27 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] subprocess.call Message-ID: OK I think I found my error, here is what I did: flags = set([file for file in glob.glob('flag-*.svg')]) def call(cmd): subprocess.call([cmd], shell=True) for flag in flags: name = flag[:-4] out = name+'.png' call('svg2png --width=17 --height=12 %s %s' \ % (flag, out)) Is this better? From davea at dejaviewphoto.com Mon Jul 27 20:13:54 2009 From: davea at dejaviewphoto.com (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:13:54 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: <4A6DEE62.70305@dejaviewphoto.com> Dick Moores wrote: > On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 04:27, Gregor Lingl wrote: > >> Dick Moores schrieb: >> >>> I've taken a long break from Python, and now I want to try scripting >>> with 2.62. I downloaded and installed 2.62, changed Win XP >>> environmental variables to use Python26. Entering python at the >>> command line shows I'm using 2.62: >>> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Riley>python >>> Python 2.6.2 (r262:71605, Apr 14 2009, 22:40:02) [MSC v.1500 32 bit >>> (Intel)] on win32 >>> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> >>> So I'm able to try out the new features of 2.6 (I had been using >>> 2.51), but I can't get IDLE to use 2.6. When I click on >>> E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw, I get an IDLE instance that says: >>> Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit >>> (Intel)] on win32 >>> Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. >>> >>> And of course, the new 2.6 features don't work. >>> >>> Advice, please. >>> >>> >> I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the >> program, which is used to 'open' it. >> >> In Windows explorer choose menu extras/directory options, >> then choose tab file types and select PYW type >> then press button 'advacned...' or somethng like this at the bottom >> of the tab, chose 'open' and the button to change this. >> >> If you see the entry >> >> "C:\Python25\pythonw.exe" "%1" %* >> >> change this to Python26 >> > > Yes! After I did that, now when I call > E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw the IDLE that opens uses 2.62. > > But I also want to use Ulipad, actually my main Python editor. When I > call E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\UliPad.pyw (by clicking on it in Explorer), > Ulipad no longer opens. Before I made the change you suggested, at > least Ulipad would open using 2.51. What can I do to use both IDLE and > Ulipad with 2.62? > > Dick > > I don't know IDLE, so I don't really know how it decides which Python to use. In this thread Gregor suggested fixing the file association, which is certainly reasonable. And I suggested what to me is an easier way to fix associations. But there may be another way that I just don't know about, such as some environment variable. You could send email to idle-dev at python.org. One other thought: Idle.bat is located in the install directory of python. So perhaps it locates the python that it's running with. Could you try running it more explicitly? Make your own bat file that instead of start idle.pyw %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 looks like e: cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* I do know that when you double-click on a xxx.pyw file in Explorer, it will use the association to decide which program, and there's only one program you can have there. My preference is to have it execute the program, not start IDLE, a text editor, or any IDE. You may feel differently, but if you agree with me, then you might want to add UliPad.exe in the context menu of explorer. If you do that successfully, then when you right-click on a .pyw file, one of your choices will be "Run Ulipad." The following is pretty-much pasted from some notes I took quite a while ago, and may not be quite right. So if you're not pretty familiar with the registry, you probably shouldn't experiment just based on this. >>>In the Windows registry, add a new key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Directory\shell >>>Make its default value the item text you want in the context menu. >>>Add a new key under it, "command", and make its default value the command line you want to execute. Will look like this: >>>"complete path to ulipad.exe" %1 %* >>>See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd807139(VS.85).aspx for more details In addition to adding it to right-click menu, you could also add it to the "open-with" list, or to "Send-To" list. I don't have any cookbook for any of these, but I've done each at one time or another. DaveA From ctcast at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 20:51:39 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 13:51:39 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: <4297a9020907271138s521f86c7ue1e1913b7982f379@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> <4297a9020907271138s521f86c7ue1e1913b7982f379@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <50e459210907271151q6b492746h2dd646d1ec127e27@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 1:38 PM, J Sisson wrote: > You need a deterministic algorithm for conversion. It's impossible > (without analyzing the context of the word) to translate "|_|#" (it's either > "lf" or "uh", but which?). > > > > > On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 1:13 PM, Chris Castillo wrote: > >> so I have a string: >> >> 1 4|-| 50 |_33+. I love [#ick3n 4nd ch3353. Don't you love +|_|2|\e7 >> \/\/1+# the |#a|-|i|_7? >> >> >> and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: >> >> fileIn = open("encrypted.txt", "r").read() >> >> def eng2leet(astring): >> astring = astring.replace("4","a") >> astring = astring.replace("8","b") >> astring = astring.replace("[","c") >> astring = astring.replace("|)","d") >> astring = astring.replace("3","e") >> astring = astring.replace("|#","f") >> astring = astring.replace("6","g") >> astring = astring.replace("#","h") >> astring = astring.replace("1","i") >> astring = astring.replace("]","j") >> astring = astring.replace("|\\","k") >> astring = astring.replace("|_","l") >> astring = astring.replace("|-|","m") >> astring = astring.replace("|\\","n") >> astring = astring.replace("0","o") >> astring = astring.replace("|*","p") >> astring = astring.replace("0\\","q") >> astring = astring.replace("2","r") >> astring = astring.replace("5","s") >> astring = astring.replace("+","t") >> astring = astring.replace("|_|","u") >> astring = astring.replace("\/","v") >> astring = astring.replace("\/\/","w") >> astring = astring.replace("><","x") >> astring = astring.replace("7","y") >> astring = astring.replace("7_","z") >> return astring >> >> print eng2leet(fileIn) >> >> Only problem is that when it needs to translate a U or a W it prints an L >> or 2 V's. Need some help please. Thanks >> >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> >> > > > -- > Computers are like air conditioners... > They quit working when you open Windows. so is their some other way to go about this? -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Mon Jul 27 21:08:08 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 15:08:08 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6DFB18.9070809@ieee.org> Chris Castillo wrote: > so I have a string: > > 1 4|-| 50 |_33+. I love [#ick3n 4nd ch3353. Don't you love +|_|2|\e7 > \/\/1+# the |#a|-|i|_7? > > > and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: > > fileIn = open("encrypted.txt", "r").read() > > def eng2leet(astring): > astring = astring.replace("4","a") > astring = astring.replace("8","b") > astring = astring.replace("[","c") > astring = astring.replace("|)","d") > astring = astring.replace("3","e") > astring = astring.replace("|#","f") > astring = astring.replace("6","g") > astring = astring.replace("#","h") > astring = astring.replace("1","i") > astring = astring.replace("]","j") > astring = astring.replace("|\\","k") > astring = astring.replace("|_","l") > astring = astring.replace("|-|","m") > astring = astring.replace("|\\","n") > astring = astring.replace("0","o") > astring = astring.replace("|*","p") > astring = astring.replace("0\\","q") > astring = astring.replace("2","r") > astring = astring.replace("5","s") > astring = astring.replace("+","t") > astring = astring.replace("|_|","u") > astring = astring.replace("\/","v") > astring = astring.replace("\/\/","w") > astring = astring.replace("><","x") > astring = astring.replace("7","y") > astring = astring.replace("7_","z") > return astring > > print eng2leet(fileIn) > > Only problem is that when it needs to translate a U or a W it prints an L or > 2 V's. Need some help please. Thanks > > Your problem is in the order of substitution. If you put the "v" test *after* the "w" test, you'll avoid one of your problems. And put the "l" test after the "u" test. And you didn't mention it, but "z" should come before "y". This is because some of your strings are substrings of others. A more general rule might be to put all the four-character substitutions first, then do all the three-character ones, then two, then one. That's not guaranteed to work, but by inspection I think it will. Another problem that could have hit you is that "\" is an escape character in strings. So you're taking advantage of the fact that \/ (for example) doesn't happen to be a valid escape sequence. The usual workaround is to use raw strings. For another example, look at the string for "n". Did you want two backslashes? You'll only get one as it sits. Did you mean for "k" and "n" to be the same? DaveA From rdmoores at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 21:09:15 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 12:09:15 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 09:32, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Dick Moores" wrote > >>> I suggest you have to change the association of *.pyw files to the >>> program, which is used to 'open' it. >>> >> Yes! After I did that, now when I call >> E:\Python26\Lib\idlelib\idle.pyw the IDLE that opens uses 2.62. >> >> But I also want to use Ulipad, actually my main Python editor. When I >> call E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\UliPad.pyw (by clicking on it in Explorer), >> Ulipad no longer opens. Before I made the change you suggested, at >> least Ulipad would open using 2.51. What can I do to use both IDLE and >> Ulipad with 2.62? > > What I do for these things is create a shortcut which specifies the full > path to the interpreter and to the pyw file. I also set the working foldeer > to wherever is most appropriate - usually my project folder. That's fairly > bulletproof in my experience! Alan, here's what have now to call Ulipad: the shortcut shown at . It opens Ulipad, but a Ulipad that uses 2.51, not 2.62 in its shell, but does use 2.62 to run scripts (Ulipad asked me which interpreter I wanted to use for that). So it seems I've almost got Ulipad where I want it. Perhaps the developer can help me get its shell to use 2.62 as well. I made a shortcut for IDLE that opens an IDLE that uses 2.62 (it's image is at ). Thanks, Dick From ctcast at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 21:23:28 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:23:28 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: <4A6DFB18.9070809@ieee.org> References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> <4A6DFB18.9070809@ieee.org> Message-ID: <50e459210907271223r275534a9r17202ca065265c97@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 2:08 PM, Dave Angel wrote: > Chris Castillo wrote: > >> so I have a string: >> >> 1 4|-| 50 |_33+. I love [#ick3n 4nd ch3353. Don't you love +|_|2|\e7 >> \/\/1+# the |#a|-|i|_7? >> >> >> and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: >> >> fileIn = open("encrypted.txt", "r").read() >> >> def eng2leet(astring): >> astring = astring.replace("4","a") >> astring = astring.replace("8","b") >> astring = astring.replace("[","c") >> astring = astring.replace("|)","d") >> astring = astring.replace("3","e") >> astring = astring.replace("|#","f") >> astring = astring.replace("6","g") >> astring = astring.replace("#","h") >> astring = astring.replace("1","i") >> astring = astring.replace("]","j") >> astring = astring.replace("|\\","k") >> astring = astring.replace("|_","l") >> astring = astring.replace("|-|","m") >> astring = astring.replace("|\\","n") >> astring = astring.replace("0","o") >> astring = astring.replace("|*","p") >> astring = astring.replace("0\\","q") >> astring = astring.replace("2","r") >> astring = astring.replace("5","s") >> astring = astring.replace("+","t") >> astring = astring.replace("|_|","u") >> astring = astring.replace("\/","v") >> astring = astring.replace("\/\/","w") >> astring = astring.replace("><","x") >> astring = astring.replace("7","y") >> astring = astring.replace("7_","z") >> return astring >> >> print eng2leet(fileIn) >> >> Only problem is that when it needs to translate a U or a W it prints an L >> or >> 2 V's. Need some help please. Thanks >> >> >> > Your problem is in the order of substitution. If you put the "v" test > *after* the "w" test, you'll avoid one of your problems. And put the "l" > test after the "u" test. And you didn't mention it, but "z" should come > before "y". This is because some of your strings are substrings of others. > A more general rule might be to put all the four-character substitutions > first, then do all the three-character ones, then two, then one. That's not > guaranteed to work, but by inspection I think it will. > > Another problem that could have hit you is that "\" is an escape character > in strings. So you're taking advantage of the fact that \/ (for example) > doesn't happen to be a valid escape sequence. The usual workaround is to > use raw strings. For another example, look at the string for "n". Did you > want two backslashes? You'll only get one as it sits. > > Did you mean for "k" and "n" to be the same? > > DaveA > > Yes that solved it and caught all exceptions (after changing the typo I had for the n) I really did not think about changing the order like that. I feel stupid for not thinking of that. Thank you for your insight. -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From sander.sweers at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 21:25:16 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 21:25:16 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] subprocess.call In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1248722716.5921.11.camel@infirit.homelinux.org> On Mon, 2009-07-27 at 14:40 -0400, davidwilson at Safe-mail.net wrote: > OK I think I found my error, here is what I did: > > flags = set([file for file in glob.glob('flag-*.svg')]) > > def call(cmd): > subprocess.call([cmd], shell=True) You hardly ever need shell=True. And using [cmd] is close but still not the way. Change it to simply cmd and read on. I would create an intermediate step creating the command you want suprocess to run. The first 3 parts never change in your script below. c = ['svg2png', '--width=17', '--height=12'] > for flag in flags: > name = flag[:-4] > out = name+'.png' You can add a list to a list so I would write the below as. call(c + [flag, out]) > call('svg2png --width=17 --height=12 %s %s' \ > % (flag, out)) > This should make subprocess take your full command. Whether the command is correct is another question ;-) Greets Sander From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 21:50:44 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (ALAN GAULD) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 19:50:44 +0000 (GMT) Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> Message-ID: <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> > > What I do for these things is create a shortcut which specifies the full > > path to the interpreter and to the pyw file. I also set the working foldeer > > to wherever is most appropriate - usually my project folder. That's fairly > > bulletproof in my experience! > > Alan, here's what have now to call Ulipad: the shortcut shown in the > attached image. It opens Ulipad, but a Ulipad that uses 2.51, not 2.62 So edit the Target field of the shortcut to say: E:\Python26\pythonw.exe E:\Programs\Ulipad37\ulipad.pyw Or whatever combination of interpreter and editor you want. In other words explicitly specify both the interpreter and the file rather than relying on Windows file associations. And if that fails to work, the lasst resort is to write a batch file that calls the right file with the rigt interpreter and then create a shortcut to that! > at E:\Python26\pythonw.exe (is that what you mean by the > interpreter?). Yes that is the interpreter. Alan G. From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 22:02:34 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 21:02:34 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Chris Castillo" wrote > and I am trying to turn it into english with the following code: > > def eng2leet(astring): > astring = astring.replace("4","a") > astring = astring.replace("8","b") > astring = astring.replace("[","c") > astring = astring.replace("|)","d") You might want to investigate the maketrans and translate functions in the string module. The seem to be quite similar in intent to what you are trying to do? HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From rdmoores at gmail.com Mon Jul 27 23:03:26 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 14:03:26 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> Message-ID: On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 12:50, ALAN GAULD wrote: > > >> > What I do for these things is create a shortcut which specifies the full >> > path to the interpreter and to the pyw file. I also set the working foldeer >> > to wherever is most appropriate - usually my project folder. That's fairly >> > bulletproof in my experience! >> >> Alan, here's what have now to call Ulipad: the shortcut shown in the >> attached image. It opens Ulipad, but a Ulipad that uses 2.51, not 2.62 > > So edit the Target field of the shortcut to say: > > E:\Python26\pythonw.exe E:\Programs\Ulipad37\ulipad.pyw No, I'd already tried that. Doesn't work. Nothing happens. > Or whatever combination of interpreter and editor you want. That is the correct combination. > In other words explicitly specify both the interpreter and the file rather than > relying on Windows file associations. > > And if that fails to work, the lasst resort is to write a batch file that calls > the right file with the rigt interpreter and then create a shortcut to that! Any chance you could write that batch file for me? Dick From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Mon Jul 27 23:32:02 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 22:32:02 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> Message-ID: "Dick Moores" wrote >> So edit the Target field of the shortcut to say: >> >> E:\Python26\pythonw.exe E:\Programs\Ulipad37\ulipad.pyw > > No, I'd already tried that. Doesn't work. Nothing happens. OK, You could try changing pythonw.exe tyo python.exe to bring up a console and watch for errors there.... Or just try typing the command into a console session till you get one that works! >> In other words explicitly specify both the interpreter and the file >> rather than >> relying on Windows file associations. >> >> And if that fails to work, the lasst resort is to write a batch file >> that calls >> the right file with the rigt interpreter and then create a shortcut to >> that! > > Any chance you could write that batch file for me? Look at the one used for IDLE in standard python - idle.bat. Just copy and edit it as suggested by someone earlier. Finally, never having used ulipad, is it the interpreter called by the editor that you are trying to change? Or the interpretor that runs the editor? When you say "nothing happens" do you mean the editor doesn't start? Or just that it still uses the wrong version of Python? If it's the interpreter used by the editor to run programs that may be defined in ulipad's config details somewhere - either an ini file or in the registry. In which case find it and edit it manually. Or it could be by ulipad reading it from the environment - in which case there won't be much you can do! HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From rdmoores at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 00:19:49 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 15:19:49 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> Message-ID: On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 14:32, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Dick Moores" wrote > >>> So edit the Target field of the shortcut to say: >>> >>> E:\Python26\pythonw.exe E:\Programs\Ulipad37\ulipad.pyw >> >> No, I'd already tried that. Doesn't work. Nothing happens. > > OK, You could try changing pythonw.exe tyo python.exe to > bring up a console and watch for errors there.... I get a console for a fraction of a second. Can't read anything it says. > Or just try typing the command into a console session till > you get one that works! >>> In other words explicitly specify both the interpreter and the file >>> rather than >>> relying on Windows file associations. >>> >>> And if that fails to work, the lasst resort is to write a batch file that >>> calls >>> the right file with the rigt interpreter and then create a shortcut to >>> that! >> >> Any chance you could write that batch file for me? > > Look at the one used for IDLE in standard python - idle.bat. > > Just copy and edit it as suggested by someone earlier. I'm not sure how to edit it. What's required for Ulipad is quite different, I believe. This is what I got from Dave Angel: e: cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* And I can't decipher it. What is the "..\..\"? I would like to learn how to write simple batch files, however, quite aside from writing one to solve my Ulipad problem. > Finally, never having used ulipad, is it the interpreter called by the > editor > that you are trying to change? Or the interpretor that runs the editor? The latter, I believe. > When you say "nothing happens" do you mean the editor doesn't start? Yes. > Or just that it still uses the wrong version of Python? > > If it's the interpreter used by the editor to run programs that may be > defined in ulipad's config details somewhere - either an ini file or > in the registry. ?In which case find it and edit it manually. > Or it could be by ulipad reading it from the environment - in which > case there won't be much you can do! I think I'll wait until the developer, who is in China (Beijing, I believe), wakes up and gets back to his computer. It's 6:19 am there now. If I understood him correctly, the version of Python Ulipad's shell uses should be the same as the version of Python it uses to run scripts inside Ulipad. But in my case, the shell runs 2.51; 2.62 runs my scripts. Thanks very much Alan, and everybody! If I get this solved, I'll write back. Dick From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 28 00:28:23 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 18:28:23 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907271528j1b9fae0blde9d54e14bdc0cca@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 4:02 PM, Alan Gauld wrote: > You might want to investigate the maketrans and translate functions in the > string module. > > The seem to be quite similar in intent to what you are trying to do? No, those will only do 1-for-1 character substitutions. Kent From memorylasts at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 00:17:51 2009 From: memorylasts at gmail.com (Ryan V) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 15:17:51 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Help... Message-ID: For this source code, i am getting some errors, and not sure how to fix it, as i am returning all the values. it is telling me that there is no value for the variables i am returning. any help is greatly appreciated! Source #main function def main(): print 'The menu is:' print 'Yum Yum Burger for $0.99' print 'Grease Yum Fries for $0.79' print 'Soda Yum For $1.09' mealOrder = input_meal() burgerPrice = input_burger() friesPrice = input_fries() sodaPrice = input_soda() mealEnd = input_mealEnd() calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) # print_info(total) def input_meal(): print 'If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1' print 'If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2' print 'If you want the Soda Yum please press 3' print 'If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4' mealOrder = input('Enter Now - ') if mealOrder == '1' : input_burger() elif mealOrder == '2' : input_fries() elif mealOrder == '3' : input_soda() elif mealOrder == '4' : calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) def input_burger(): amountBurger = input('How many burgers would you like?') burgerPrice = amountBurger * 0.99 input_mealEnd() return burgerPrice def input_fries(): amountFries = input('How many Fries would you like?') friesPrice = amountFries * 0.79 input_mealEnd() return friesPrice def input_soda(): amountSoda = input('How many sodas would you like?') sodaPrice = amountSoda * 1.09 input_mealEnd() return sodaPrice def input_mealEnd(): mealEnd = raw_input('Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)') if mealEnd == 'yes' : calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) elif mealEnd == 'no' : input_meal() #Calculation of meal cost def calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice): totalFood = burgerPrice + friesPrice + sodaPrice totalTax = totalFood * .06 total = totalTax + totalFood print 'The total price for food is $', totalFood print 'The Tax is $', totalTax print 'The total is $', total #Displays total, and what you ordered #def print_info(total): # print 'The meal price is $', total #call main function main() and here is the output i am getting The menu is: Yum Yum Burger for $0.99 Grease Yum Fries for $0.79 Soda Yum For $1.09 If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 Enter Now - 1 How many burgers would you like?2 Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 Enter Now - 2 How many Fries would you like?2 Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 Enter Now - 3 How many sodas would you like?2 Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)yes *Traceback (most recent call last): File "...", line 74, in main() File "...", line 16, in main sodaPrice = input_soda() File "...", line 51, in input_soda input_mealEnd() File "...", line 57, in input_mealEnd calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) NameError: global name 'burgerPrice' is not defined* -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From bgailer at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 00:52:12 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 18:52:12 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Eng to Leet Speek In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907271528j1b9fae0blde9d54e14bdc0cca@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907271113s70348b5fm85c9ccd34280a253@mail.gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907271528j1b9fae0blde9d54e14bdc0cca@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A6E2F9C.1010801@gmail.com> Kent Johnson wrote: > On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 4:02 PM, Alan Gauld wrote: > > >> You might want to investigate the maketrans and translate functions in the >> string module. >> >> The seem to be quite similar in intent to what you are trying to do? >> > > No, those will only do 1-for-1 character substitutions. Which could be applied to all the 1 character substitutions after dealing with the multi-character ones. -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From paras80 at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 00:47:41 2009 From: paras80 at gmail.com (Paras K.) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 18:47:41 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Getting Data from a Web Page Message-ID: First let me say this mailing list is GREAT!!! Has helped me out through many things. I have written some code with Python that currently goes through a directory of all csv files and pulls out the lines that are needed by this program. These csv files have the following information: IP Address, Activity, Count, Date Currently the code looks at the IP address and if it is part of the range overall range then it writes it to a new csv file. I have two things that I would like to improve on: 1) If the IP address falls within a specific range I want it to add an indicator at the end of it like -- NONDHCP IP (I believe I know how to do this, but any suggestion would be great) 2) If the IP is a DHCP IP -- I want it to be able to get the data from a webpage -- this webpage has like user information and etc. Is there any way to do that? Thank You for all your help in advance!!! -- Paras -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From pine508 at hotmail.com Tue Jul 28 01:39:25 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 19:39:25 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] self.name vs. passing a name Message-ID: This is another very basic structural question, related to one I asked last week, and again is not necessarily germane only to Python. Let's say you have a sequence of two calculations or manipulations you need to do, each one done as a function called by an overall calculate_something() function. The "answer" to each function is then used in the next function. I can think of two ways to make that answer available for use in the next function: 1) pass it in, or 2) declare it as self.answer and then it is available to the whole class instance. What are the dis/advantages to these two different ways? Here are examples, with only the overall calculate_something() function shown: 1.Pass the variable to the second function. def calculate_something(self): answer = self.do_first_calculation() #1st function returns answer self.do_second_calculation(answer) #2nd is passed answer and uses it. 2. Create the variable in the class instance scope and use that in the second function. def calculate_something(self): self.do_first_calculation() #1st function creates self.answer self.do_second_calculation() #2nd uses self.answer Both of these approaches can work, but I would like to better understand when it is best to do one or the other. Obviously if I know I will need to make self.answer available for use by other functions, I would want to choose (2). But what other considerations should I, well, consider? Thanks, Che _________________________________________________________________ NEW mobile Hotmail. Optimized for YOUR phone. Click here. http://windowslive.com/Mobile?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_CS_MB_new_hotmail_072009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 01:40:34 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (ALAN GAULD) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 23:40:34 +0000 (GMT) Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <839711.54252.qm@web86711.mail.ird.yahoo.com> > I get a console for a fraction of a second. Can't read anything it says. > > > Or just try typing the command into a console session till > > you get one that works! > So what happens when you run the same command from a console? That should leave the errors visible. > I'm not sure how to edit it. What's required for Ulipad is quite > different, I believe. It shouldn't be, it just calls the interpreter with the pyw file to launch the editor and passes along any other command line arguments given to the bat file. > This is what I got from Dave Angel: > e: > cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ > ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* > > And I can't decipher it. What is the "..\..\"? .. means the folder one level up, so ..\..\pythonw.exe means backup two levelsand call pythonw.exe there > I would like to learn how to write simple batch files, however, quite > aside from writing one to solve my Ulipad problem. It is a useful skill. > > that you are trying to change? Or the interpretor that runs the editor? > > The latter, I believe. OK, thats what I initially thought, but then wondered... > > When you say "nothing happens" do you mean the editor doesn't start? > > Yes. I'd definitely try running from a command prompt. > I think I'll wait until the developer, who is in China (Beijing, I > believe), wakes up and gets back to his computer. That might be best :-) > now. If I understood him correctly, the version of Python Ulipad's > shell uses should be the same as the version of Python it uses to run > scripts inside Ulipad. But in my case, the shell runs 2.51; 2.62 runs > my scripts. Now I'm confused again. What do you mean by the shell? Does Ulipad have a shell window like IDLE? If so it is almost certainly using the same interpreter as is running the editor itself (because the shell is probavbly using exec() ) The version of Python used to run your scripts could be anything however. Alan G. From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 28 03:39:30 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 21:39:30 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] self.name vs. passing a name In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907271839u4ebb2ee6qcfe9503bff37fa32@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 7:39 PM, Che M wrote: > 1.Pass the variable to the second function. > > def calculate_something(self): > ??? answer = self.do_first_calculation()??? #1st function returns answer > ??? self.do_second_calculation(answer)??? #2nd is passed answer and uses it. > > 2. Create the variable in the class instance scope and use that in the > second function. > > def calculate_something(self): > ??? self.do_first_calculation()???????????????? #1st function creates > self.answer > ??? self.do_second_calculation()???????????? #2nd uses self.answer > > Both of these approaches can work, but I would like to better understand > when it is best to do one or the other. i would use the first method. - it makes explicit that do_first_calculation() is computing something needed by the second - you could give the variable a better name which would make it easier to understand calculate_something() - answer is not part of the state of self and it has no meaning outside of calculate_something(), so don't clutter up self with the extra value. kent From mobiledreamers at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 05:31:25 2009 From: mobiledreamers at gmail.com (mobiledreamers at gmail.com) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 20:31:25 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] [Baypiggies] Egnyte: hiring In-Reply-To: <20090728024611.GA4649@panix.com> References: <20090728024611.GA4649@panix.com> Message-ID: Seems interesting http://fotoroll.com/searchvideo?q=vineet%20jain,%20ceo%20of%20egnyte&id=0&type=video On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 7:46 PM, Aahz wrote: > My new company (I just started today) closed a big venture capital round > (also today) and is looking to hire more people, preferably with Python > experience: > > Senior Linux Engineer: > http://sfbay.craigslist.org/pen/sof/1292008176.html > > Senior Platforms Engineer: > http://sfbay.craigslist.org/pen/sof/1291776907.html > > Venture announcement: > http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=21777 > > I can't say a lot about the company myself yet, but I've gotten a good > impression of the team and the business plan. Find out more here: > http://www.egnyte.com/ > -- > Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com) <*> > http://www.pythoncraft.com/ > > "Many customs in this life persist because they ease friction and promote > productivity as a result of universal agreement, and whether they are > precisely the optimal choices is much less important." --Henry Spencer > _______________________________________________ > Baypiggies mailing list > Baypiggies at python.org > To change your subscription options or unsubscribe: > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/baypiggies > -- Bidegg worlds best auction site http://bidegg.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cynicalairrick at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 05:32:24 2009 From: cynicalairrick at gmail.com (Luis Galvan) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 20:32:24 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] No Elegant XML Output in ElementTree? Message-ID: <5cd723fd0907272032t241f338l706785bea248d03a@mail.gmail.com> Hi tutors, Okay, so I just started to learn ElementTree (and XML processing in general) and I just can't, for the life of me, find a way to output the XML file in an actual hierarchic presentation. What I mean by this is that it all outputs on a single line. For example, I create an element tree in python: ____________________________ from xml.etree.ElementTree import ElementTree, SubElement, Element # Create example tree. root = Element("BFTypedBinder") root.set("binderType", "codename") # There's no point in this loop, it's only here for kicks. while True: x = raw_input("Yes or No? ") if x == "Yes": head = SubElement(root, "sample") title = SubElement(head, "sample2") title.text = "Sample Text" body = SubElement(root, "sample3") body.set("this", "that") body.text = "Done" break elif x == "No": break # Save output. tree = ElementTree(root) tree.write(xml.xml) ___________________________ Output using Notepad: Sample TextDone If I open xml.xml in Notepad, the whole tree is printed on one line, which isn't what I want. Of course, if I double click the file itself, it looks normal, but I still need the data itself to look hierarchic as well (It's a personal preference, and much more convenient when editing in a text editor). A few months back when I was attempting to learn Minidom, it didn't have this problem. I have looked through python.org's online documentation on ET and there's no method, class, or function that could help me achieve this, at least that I'm aware of. I know I might have to write a solution myself, but before I try (which would probably be disasterous), is there some existing built-in class in here that can help me without having to "reinvent the wheel"? -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From marc.tompkins at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 07:55:44 2009 From: marc.tompkins at gmail.com (Marc Tompkins) Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 22:55:44 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] No Elegant XML Output in ElementTree? In-Reply-To: <5cd723fd0907272032t241f338l706785bea248d03a@mail.gmail.com> References: <5cd723fd0907272032t241f338l706785bea248d03a@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <40af687b0907272255m14f1f8b4re639d03d74c8ebb9@mail.gmail.com> On Mon, Jul 27, 2009 at 8:32 PM, Luis Galvan wrote: > Hi tutors, > Okay, so I just started to learn ElementTree (and XML processing in > general) and I just can't, for the life of me, find a way to output the XML > file in an actual hierarchic presentation. What you want is generically called "prettyprinting". I don't use ElementTree myself (I use Amara/Akara), so I don't know whether effbot followed through on this, but take a look at this page: http://effbot.org/zone/element-lib.htm I also found this page: http://renesd.blogspot.com/2007/05/pretty-print-xml-with-python.html and in the comments there's this, which looks pretty simple: To pretty print an ElementTree: from xml.minidom import parseString from xml.etree import ElementTree def prettyPrint(element): txt = ElementTree.tostring(element) print minidom.parseString(txt).toprettyxml() Substitute output to a file for "print", and you're done.In Amara, I do this: def Save(self): outFile = open(self.fileName,'w+b') self.xDoc.xml(outFile,indent=u'yes') outFile.close() but that's not much help for etree, I know... -- www.fsrtechnologies.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From cwitts at compuscan.co.za Tue Jul 28 08:15:18 2009 From: cwitts at compuscan.co.za (Christian Witts) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 08:15:18 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Help... In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6E9776.8070501@compuscan.co.za> Ryan V wrote: > For this source code, i am getting some errors, and not sure how to > fix it, as i am returning all the values. it is telling me that there > is no value for the variables i am returning. any help is greatly > appreciated! > Source > #main function > def main(): > print 'The menu is:' > print 'Yum Yum Burger for $0.99' > print 'Grease Yum Fries for $0.79' > print 'Soda Yum For $1.09' > mealOrder = input_meal() > burgerPrice = input_burger() > friesPrice = input_fries() > sodaPrice = input_soda() > mealEnd = input_mealEnd() > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > # print_info(total) > > def input_meal(): > print 'If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1' > print 'If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2' > print 'If you want the Soda Yum please press 3' > print 'If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4' > mealOrder = input('Enter Now - ') > if mealOrder == '1' : > input_burger() > elif mealOrder == '2' : > input_fries() > elif mealOrder == '3' : > input_soda() > elif mealOrder == '4' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > > def input_burger(): > amountBurger = input('How many burgers would you like?') > burgerPrice = amountBurger * 0.99 > input_mealEnd() > return burgerPrice > > def input_fries(): > amountFries = input('How many Fries would you like?') > friesPrice = amountFries * 0.79 > input_mealEnd() > return friesPrice > > def input_soda(): > amountSoda = input('How many sodas would you like?') > sodaPrice = amountSoda * 1.09 > input_mealEnd() > return sodaPrice > > def input_mealEnd(): > mealEnd = raw_input('Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes > or no)') > if mealEnd == 'yes' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > elif mealEnd == 'no' : > input_meal() > > #Calculation of meal cost > def calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice): > totalFood = burgerPrice + friesPrice + sodaPrice > totalTax = totalFood * .06 > total = totalTax + totalFood > print 'The total price for food is $', totalFood > print 'The Tax is $', totalTax > print 'The total is $', total > #Displays total, and what you ordered > #def print_info(total): > # print 'The meal price is $', total > > #call main function > main() > and here is the output i am getting > > The menu is: > Yum Yum Burger for $0.99 > Grease Yum Fries for $0.79 > Soda Yum For $1.09 > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 1 > How many burgers would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 2 > How many Fries would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 3 > How many sodas would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)yes > *Traceback (most recent call last): > File "...", line 74, in > main() > File "...", line 16, in main > sodaPrice = input_soda() > File "...", line 51, in input_soda > input_mealEnd() > File "...", line 57, in input_mealEnd > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > NameError: global name 'burgerPrice' is not defined* > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > You're caliing calc_total() in your input_mealEnd() function and in the scope of that function there are no variables names burgerPrice, friesPrice or sodaPrice. -- Kind Regards, Christian Witts From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 10:48:26 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 09:48:26 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Help... References: Message-ID: "Ryan V" wrote > as i am returning all the values. it is telling me that there is no value > for the variables i am returning. any help is greatly appreciated! You are returning the values to variables in the main function. But in Python variables inside functions (aka local variables) are only visible inside that fuinction, they are NOT cvisible to functions that are called from inside the same function. So yor variables in main() are not visible to the input_xxxx set of functions. They are visible to calc_price because you pass them in as arguments. > def main(): > print 'The menu is:' > print 'Yum Yum Burger for $0.99' > print 'Grease Yum Fries for $0.79' > print 'Soda Yum For $1.09' > mealOrder = input_meal() > burgerPrice = input_burger() > friesPrice = input_fries() > sodaPrice = input_soda() > mealEnd = input_mealEnd() > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > # print_info(total) > > def input_meal(): > print 'If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1' > print 'If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2' > print 'If you want the Soda Yum please press 3' > print 'If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4' Whee would the user enter no instead of yes? At this stage of the program you haven't asked them to enter yes or no. BTW from a presentation point of view you might want to put the menu in a long string using triple quotes which will help you align the menu options: print ''' If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 ''' > mealOrder = input('Enter Now - ') In Python 2.x using input() is considered a bad idea since it allows users to (deliberately or by accident) enter python code that could do damage to your program or even your computer! Its better to use raw_input() and convert the result to the required type, such as int. mealOrder = int( raw_input('Enter Now - ') ) Slightly more typing but much safer. > if mealOrder == '1' : > input_burger() > elif mealOrder == '2' : > input_fries() > elif mealOrder == '3' : > input_soda() > elif mealOrder == '4' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) But this won't work because you are inside input_meal() which doesn''t have any variables called burgerPrice etc. However, this also means that you are going to call calc_total twice, since after you return from input_meal() you also call calc_total in main(). I suspect you don't want that, instead you want to return the values back to main so that calc_total there can do the calculation after all the data collection has been completed? > def input_burger(): > amountBurger = input('How many burgers would you like?') > burgerPrice = amountBurger * 0.99 > input_mealEnd() > return burgerPrice Now this is where it gets really complicated. You call input_MealEnd here which in turn can call input_meal which in turn can call input_burger and so on. This kind of deep cyclic tree of function calls is called recursion and is not the best way to control the flow of your code. Look at using loops and branches to do that at the top level. The top level function should control the flow of your program, the lower level functions should perform only one step and return a value. > def input_fries(): > amountFries = input('How many Fries would you like?') > friesPrice = amountFries * 0.79 > input_mealEnd() > return friesPrice Notice that these other functions are exactly the same as each other apart from the names you used for the variables. You could therefore write one function that takes the food and price as parameters: > def input_food(food, price): > amount = int( raw_input('How many %s would you like?' % food) ) > thePrice = amount * price > return thePrice You would then call it as: friesPrice = input_food('fries', 0.79) > def input_mealEnd(): > mealEnd = raw_input('Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or > no)') > if mealEnd == 'yes' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > elif mealEnd == 'no' : > input_meal() And here we have yet another call to calc_total.... > #Calculation of meal cost > def calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice): > totalFood = burgerPrice + friesPrice + sodaPrice > totalTax = totalFood * .06 > total = totalTax + totalFood > print 'The total price for food is $', totalFood > print 'The Tax is $', totalTax > print 'The total is $', total Its probably better not to print the values in a rfunction that claims to calculate. Instead return the values so that a display function can print them suitable formatted. That way you can easily change the display(to HTML say) without changing the calculation functions. So instead of the print lines simply return the three values: return totalFood, totalTax, total > #Displays total, and what you ordered > #def print_info(total): > # print 'The meal price is $', total Then I'd extend this to print all of the values that were in the calc_total function > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)yes > *Traceback (most recent call last): > File "...", line 74, in > main() > File "...", line 16, in main > sodaPrice = input_soda() > File "...", line 51, in input_soda > input_mealEnd() > File "...", line 57, in input_mealEnd > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > NameError: global name 'burgerPrice' is not defined* Remember the local variables of function A are not visible to functions that are called by A HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 10:54:04 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 09:54:04 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] self.name vs. passing a name References: Message-ID: "Che M" wrote > Let's say you have a sequence of two calculations ...each one > done as a function called by an overall calculate_something() function. > The "answer" to each function is then used in the next function. > I can think of two ways to make that answer available ... > 1) pass it in, or > 2) declare it as self.answer The first is the best solution in the general case however, 1) if your functions are methods of a class AND 2) you can use the intermediate result for something useful elsewhere in the class then you could use the second method. Otherwise the second merthod is just a variation in storing the result in a global variable wjhich is generally considered a bad design style. In general keep data as close to its point of use as possible. HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From davea at ieee.org Tue Jul 28 11:20:23 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 05:20:23 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <4A6EC2D7.2080006@ieee.org> Dick Moores wrote: > > > I'm not sure how to edit it. What's required for Ulipad is quite > different, I believe. > > This is what I got from Dave Angel: > e: > cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ > ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* > > And I can't decipher it. What is the "..\..\"? > > Just ask. The double-dots are the standard way of indicating "the directory above the previous one." That's useful knowledge not only within batch files but also within shortcuts and within Python programs. The batch file starts by changing to the E: drive. Then it changes to the explicit directory \Python26\Lib\idlelib, and because of the leading slash, that refers to an absolute directory, irrespective of what the current directory happened to be earlier. The 3rd line means that we want to run a program pythonw.exe, located two directories up from the current one, *without changing" the current directory. It could have been written: e:\Python26\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* but then if you ever changed to a different version, or installed on a different drive or directory, you'd have two places in the batch file to change. I like using relative directories where possible. Finally, the %* at the end means copy whatever other parameters were passed to the batch file, as additional parameters to the program. > I would like to learn how to write simple batch files, however, quite > aside from writing one to solve my Ulipad problem. > > > From davea at ieee.org Tue Jul 28 12:04:12 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 06:04:12 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Help... In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6ECD1C.6050406@ieee.org> Ryan V wrote: > For this source code, i am getting some errors, and not sure how to fix it, > as i am returning all the values. it is telling me that there is no value > for the variables i am returning. any help is greatly appreciated! > Source > #main function > def main(): > print 'The menu is:' > print 'Yum Yum Burger for $0.99' > print 'Grease Yum Fries for $0.79' > print 'Soda Yum For $1.09' > mealOrder = input_meal() > burgerPrice = input_burger() > friesPrice = input_fries() > sodaPrice = input_soda() > mealEnd = input_mealEnd() > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > # print_info(total) > > def input_meal(): > print 'If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1' > print 'If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2' > print 'If you want the Soda Yum please press 3' > print 'If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4' > mealOrder = input('Enter Now - ') > if mealOrder == '1' : > input_burger() > elif mealOrder == '2' : > input_fries() > elif mealOrder == '3' : > input_soda() > elif mealOrder == '4' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > > def input_burger(): > amountBurger = input('How many burgers would you like?') > burgerPrice = amountBurger * 0.99 > input_mealEnd() > return burgerPrice > > def input_fries(): > amountFries = input('How many Fries would you like?') > friesPrice = amountFries * 0.79 > input_mealEnd() > return friesPrice > > def input_soda(): > amountSoda = input('How many sodas would you like?') > sodaPrice = amountSoda * 1.09 > input_mealEnd() > return sodaPrice > > def input_mealEnd(): > mealEnd = raw_input('Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or > no)') > if mealEnd == 'yes' : > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > elif mealEnd == 'no' : > input_meal() > > #Calculation of meal cost > def calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice): > totalFood = burgerPrice + friesPrice + sodaPrice > totalTax = totalFood * .06 > total = totalTax + totalFood > print 'The total price for food is $', totalFood > print 'The Tax is $', totalTax > print 'The total is $', total > #Displays total, and what you ordered > #def print_info(total): > # print 'The meal price is $', total > > #call main function > main() > and here is the output i am getting > > The menu is: > Yum Yum Burger for $0.99 > Grease Yum Fries for $0.79 > Soda Yum For $1.09 > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 1 > How many burgers would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 2 > How many Fries would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)no > If you want the Yum Yum Burger please press 1 > If you want the Grease Yum Fries please press 2 > If you want the Soda Yum please press 3 > If you entered no instead of yes just hit 4 > Enter Now - 3 > How many sodas would you like?2 > Would you like to end your order? (Enter yes or no)yes > *Traceback (most recent call last): > File "...", line 74, in > main() > File "...", line 16, in main > sodaPrice = input_soda() > File "...", line 51, in input_soda > input_mealEnd() > File "...", line 57, in input_mealEnd > calc_total(burgerPrice, friesPrice, sodaPrice) > NameError: global name 'burgerPrice' is not defined* > > Please tell us - is this your first programming language, or are you comfortable with another, and you need to see how Python differs from it? I suspect it's your first. The main problem is that you're trying to use a function meal_end() to do flow control that needs to be in main(). Each time the user says "no" to "Would you like to end your order" you don't loop back to the same place, you call a new copy of input_meal(). (That's called recursion, and it's very useful, but not here). But you never return to the first copy of input_meal(). So you end up with several copies of that function. And only when all of them return (which won't happen) would you get back to main(). You need a loop (while or for), not recursion. Second problem is that you're calling functions that return values, and only some of the time recording those actual values anywhere. When/if input_meal() calls input_burger(), it doesn't save the result anywhere. So if it did return, main() still couldn't get the value, it's already lost. Third problem is that you have function input_mealEnd() that defines only one variable, but then expect three others to somehow have useful values. Fourth is that you don't have a good way to terminate the program. Where do you expect to go after printing the current order? You might expect to start a new order, or something else, but that would require that you be back at main(), or returning from main(). The best answer to the loop problem is to make a loop either in main() or in input_meal(). Currently it's not clear which one you had intended to be the loop, since they both expect to ask for all the items. Since input_meal() never returns, main() never gets its chance to ask, nor to save the results. But basically, you have to consolidate these two functions, and make most of the function a while-loop. The best answer to the problem of the local variables is to define a class. In fact, all these functions should probably be methods of that class. Then you'd have an instance of the class for each customer, and member data (attributes) for each of the things she can order. But I expect that classes are a later lesson in your course. So you probably need to arrange that all data is propagated back to your primary loop, so it's all visible at the same time. So, to fix the problems: truncate main() after the call to input_meal(). let input_meal() do all the work for this customer, and maybe main() will someday ask for next customer or something like that. input_meal() needs to be a while loop You need to start by initializing the three variables burgerPrice, friesPrice, and sodaPrice to 0, so they'll always have some value. Initlialize meal_order to 0 as well, and loop while it's not equal to 4. Now, when input_meal calls each of those functions, you have two choices, based on the answer to the following question. What do you want to happen if the customer chooses "burgers" twice, and enters two different amounts? Does he get both orders, or does the second value replace the first? That will determine what you do with the return value of input_burger(), for example. Now, when the while loop finishes, you can print the totals and return to main(). You're done with that customer. DaveA From davea at ieee.org Tue Jul 28 12:18:20 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 06:18:20 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] self.name vs. passing a name In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6ED06C.5020107@ieee.org> Che M wrote: > This is another very basic structural question, related to one I asked last week, and again is not necessarily germane only to Python. > > Let's say you have a sequence of two calculations or manipulations you need to do, each one done as a function called by an overall calculate_something() function. The "answer" to each function is then used in the next function. I can think of two ways to make that answer available for use in the next function: 1) pass it in, or 2) declare it as self.answer and then it is available to the whole class instance. > > What are the dis/advantages to these two different ways? Here are examples, with only the overall calculate_something() function shown: > > 1.Pass the variable to the second function. > > def calculate_something(self): > answer = self.do_first_calculation() #1st function returns answer > self.do_second_calculation(answer) #2nd is passed answer and uses it. > > 2. Create the variable in the class instance scope and use that in the second function. > > def calculate_something(self): > > self.do_first_calculation() #1st function creates self.answer > > self.do_second_calculation() #2nd uses self.answer > > Both of these approaches can work, but I would like to better understand when it is best to do one or the other. Obviously if I know I will need to make self.answer available for use by other functions, I would want to choose (2). But what other considerations should I, well, consider? > > Thanks, > Che > > > You call these functions, but since you have the "self" argument, I'll assume it's a method instead. use #2 only if the "answer" is relevant for further operations, AND (is time-consuming to calculate compared to the memory consumed by storing it, OR if calculating it has side effects) prefer #1 because: it doesn't take up space in the object it goes away when the particular method ends, not when the object is destroyed (rule -- the sooner the better) it doesn't clutter the namespace of the class From rdmoores at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 12:35:59 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 03:35:59 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: <4A6EC2D7.2080006@ieee.org> References: <4A6D8F25.5070300@aon.at> <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> <4A6EC2D7.2080006@ieee.org> Message-ID: On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 02:20, Dave Angel wrote: > Dick Moores wrote: >> >> >> I'm not sure how to edit it. What's required for Ulipad is quite >> different, I believe. >> >> This is what I got from Dave Angel: >> e: >> cd \Python26\Lib\idlelib\ >> ..\..\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* >> >> And I can't decipher it. What is the "..\..\"? >> >> > > Just ask. The double-dots are the standard way of indicating "the > directory above the previous one." That's useful knowledge not only within > batch files but also within shortcuts and within Python programs. > > The batch file starts by changing to the E: drive. Then it changes to the > explicit directory \Python26\Lib\idlelib, and because of the leading slash, > that refers to an absolute directory, irrespective of what the current > directory happened to be earlier. The 3rd line means that we want to run a > program pythonw.exe, located two directories up from the current one, > *without changing" the current directory. It could have been written: > > e:\Python26\pythonw.exe idle.pyw %* > > but then if you ever changed to a different version, or installed on a > different drive or directory, you'd have two places in the batch file to > change. I like using relative directories where possible. > > Finally, the %* at the end means copy whatever other parameters were passed > to the batch file, as additional parameters to the program. Thanks, Dave. Very informative. Dick From vnbang2003 at yahoo.com Tue Jul 28 15:10:39 2009 From: vnbang2003 at yahoo.com (VIJAY KUMAR) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:40:39 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] Django test case problem In-Reply-To: <24680724.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: <556769.22953.qm@web95309.mail.in2.yahoo.com> Hi, ?? I am running testcase from django when I run them from models.py it run. ?? But when I put the same in test.py in the same directory where models is define it not even getting called. ? My structure django application is? mysite Settings.py ???????? Urls.py ??????????Polls ???????????????? __int__.py ?????????????????models.py ???????????????? test.py ???????????????? views.py I used this command to run the test cases?? python manage.py test polls Can some help me know what am I missing or should need to do something? so my testcase from test.py start get executed. I tried to follow this link for the same http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/testing/ ? ? ? with thanks Vijay ? Love Cricket? Check out live scores, photos, video highlights and more. Click here http://cricket.yahoo.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Tue Jul 28 15:23:00 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:53:00 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Sorry to say, but till now I have not got the solution of my problem, I tried with this command:- import re if __name__ == '__main__': data = open('chem.txt').readlines() for line in data: RE = re.compile('C = (.)',re.M) matches = RE.findall(line) for m in matches: print line but with this also I am getting those lines for which C value is there. > Hi, > > I have a file having lines:- > > 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 > 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = > 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = > > Now i want to make two another file in which i want to put those lines for > which C is missing and another one for which N,CA and C all are missing, > > With these commands:- > > import re > f = open('chem.txt') > for line in f: > if re.search('C = ',line): > print line > > I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get those > one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still i > am not getting. > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From bgailer at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 16:17:36 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 10:17:36 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: > Sorry to say, but till now I have not got the solution of my problem, I > tried with this command:- > > import re > > # assuming H = , N = , CA = , HA = and C = always present in that order if __name__ == '__main__': data = open('chem.txt').readlines() for line in data: line = line.split('=') if not line[5]: # C value missing if len(line[2])==1 and len(line[3])==1: # N and CA values missing print "all missing", line else: print "C missing", line > > >> Hi, >> >> I have a file having lines:- >> >> 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 >> 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = >> 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = >> >> Now i want to make two another file in which i want to put those lines for >> which C is missing and another one for which N,CA and C all are missing, >> >> With these commands:- >> >> import re >> f = open('chem.txt') >> for line in f: >> if re.search('C = ',line): >> print line >> >> I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get those >> one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still i >> am not getting. >> >> Amrita Kumari >> Research Fellow >> IISER Mohali >> Chandigarh >> INDIA >> >> >> -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 16:48:13 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 08:48:13 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Messages not going through (testing again) Message-ID: <9356b9f30907280748mb711b9ex894e59769bb89a79@mail.gmail.com> Hello, this is just a test. I have posted 2 different messages and they have never reached this list. Eduardo From madhav.bnk at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 16:52:23 2009 From: madhav.bnk at gmail.com (B.Nanda Kishore) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 20:22:23 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] [BangPypers] Django test case problem In-Reply-To: <556769.22953.qm@web95309.mail.in2.yahoo.com> References: <24680724.post@talk.nabble.com> <556769.22953.qm@web95309.mail.in2.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <26030bef0907280752m6e1086bbj51135d603e56f8c@mail.gmail.com> By default django looks for a file called *tests.py*(plural) and not * test.py*. Check that and let us know. Regards, Nandakishore On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 6:40 PM, VIJAY KUMAR wrote: > Hi, > > I am running testcase from django when I run them from models.py it > run. > > But when I put the same in test.py in the same directory where models > is define it not even getting called. > > My structure django application is mysite > > Settings.py > > Urls.py > > Polls > > __int__.py > > models.py > > test.py > > views.py > > I used this command to run the test cases python manage.py test polls > > Can some help me know what am I missing or should need to do something so > my testcase from test.py start get executed. > > I tried to follow this link for the same > http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/testing/ > > > > > > > > with thanks > > Vijay > > > ------------------------------ > Love Cricket? Check out live scores, photos, video highlights and more. Click > here . > _______________________________________________ > BangPypers mailing list > BangPypers at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/bangpypers > > -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From ataulla at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 17:15:01 2009 From: ataulla at gmail.com (Ataulla S H) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 20:45:01 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] Messages not going through (testing again) In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907280748mb711b9ex894e59769bb89a79@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30907280748mb711b9ex894e59769bb89a79@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: welcome to Tutor :) On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 8:18 PM, Eduardo Vieira wrote: > Hello, this is just a test. I have posted 2 different messages and > they have never reached this list. > > Eduardo > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- Ataulla SH web:www.kring.com personal blog:www.ataulla.objectis.net KRING Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. 1st Floor, Tower B, Infinity Towers, DLF II, Gurgaon-122 002 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From shawn at skrite.net Tue Jul 28 17:45:46 2009 From: shawn at skrite.net (shawn bright) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 10:45:46 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? Message-ID: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> Hey all, I have an app that runs in a GUI written in pygtk. It spawns several threads, and runs all the time. It is mission critical that we can never have two instances of this running at once. So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there is an instance of that something already running? I am doing this in python 2.5 on Ubuntu, if that matters ( which i suspect it does ). thanks, shawn From shawn at skrite.net Tue Jul 28 18:22:02 2009 From: shawn at skrite.net (shawn bright) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 11:22:02 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? In-Reply-To: <2ac5d4850907280910l979968dp8edc453c51e01245@mail.gmail.com> References: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> <2ac5d4850907280910l979968dp8edc453c51e01245@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <384c93600907280922y3cd7ed0fme04b2bef4fdec3f@mail.gmail.com> Thanks for the pointers Wayne, Tino, Looks easier than i had thought. sk On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 11:10 AM, Tino Dai wrote: > On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 11:45 AM, shawn bright wrote: >> >> So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there >> is an instance of that something already running? >> > > There are a lot of ways to do this. Writing to a file on the filesystem and > having the 2nd process check for that file. Have the thread write to a log > file every x seconds and having the 2nd process check for that. Having some > sort of ipc mechanism set up (http://docs.python.org/library/ipc.html). Have > a semaphore mechanism set up. > (http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/semaphore-objects.html) > > HTH, > Tino > > > > From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Tue Jul 28 18:59:19 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 22:29:19 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> Message-ID: <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> It is not giving any value, without any error ph08001 at sys53:~> python trial.py ph08001 at sys53:~> it is coming out from shell. Thanks for help. Amrita > amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: >> Sorry to say, but till now I have not got the solution of my problem, I >> tried with this command:- >> >> import re >> >> > # assuming H = , N = , CA = , HA = and C = always present in that order > if __name__ == '__main__': > data = open('chem.txt').readlines() > for line in data: > line = line.split('=') > if not line[5]: # C value missing > if len(line[2])==1 and len(line[3])==1: # N and CA values missing > print "all missing", line > else: > print "C missing", line > >> >> >>> Hi, >>> >>> I have a file having lines:- >>> >>> 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 >>> 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = >>> 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = >>> >>> Now i want to make two another file in which i want to put those lines >>> for >>> which C is missing and another one for which N,CA and C all are >>> missing, >>> >>> With these commands:- >>> >>> import re >>> f = open('chem.txt') >>> for line in f: >>> if re.search('C = ',line): >>> print line >>> >>> I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get >>> those >>> one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still >>> i >>> am not getting. >>> >>> Amrita Kumari >>> Research Fellow >>> IISER Mohali >>> Chandigarh >>> INDIA >>> >>> >>> > > > -- > Bob Gailer > Chapel Hill NC > 919-636-4239 > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From cfuller084 at thinkingplanet.net Tue Jul 28 18:51:39 2009 From: cfuller084 at thinkingplanet.net (Chris Fuller) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 11:51:39 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? In-Reply-To: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> References: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <200907281151.39699.cfuller084@thinkingplanet.net> On Tuesday 28 July 2009 10:45, shawn bright wrote: > Hey all, > > I have an app that runs in a GUI written in pygtk. It spawns several > threads, and runs all the time. > It is mission critical that we can never have two instances of this > running at once. > > So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there > is an instance of that something already running? > > I am doing this in python 2.5 on Ubuntu, if that matters ( which i > suspect it does ). The usual way is with file locks, but these are tricky to do in a cross platform way, and I find that when the program crashes unexpectedly, it can take awhile for the locks to get cleaned up by the operating system. What I do is open an UDP socket. The code is dead simple: from socket import socket, AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM def check_port(addr): s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) try: s.bind( addr ) except SocketError, e: if type(e.args) == tuple: if e[0] == errno.EADDRINUSE: return True raise else: s.close() return False def check_port(addr): return check_port(addr, SOCK_DGRAM) # returns False if the port is bound def socket_lock(port, check_only=False): s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM) addr = ('localhost', port) if not check_port(addr): if not check_only: s.bind( addr ) return s else: return True else: return False addr is the address tuple used by the socket module. First element is hostname (usually "localhost"), and the second element is the port number. Note that you need root/Administrator privileges to open a port under 1024. Cheers From quasipedia at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 19:11:12 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 19:11:12 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? In-Reply-To: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> References: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <1248801072.507.1.camel@jabbar> I am not an expert, but if I got you correctly, what you want to achieve is a "singleton": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern if you watch at the sample implementation, there is a Python example too. Mac. On Tue, 2009-07-28 at 10:45 -0500, shawn bright wrote: > Hey all, > > I have an app that runs in a GUI written in pygtk. It spawns several > threads, and runs all the time. > It is mission critical that we can never have two instances of this > running at once. > > So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there > is an instance of that something already running? > > I am doing this in python 2.5 on Ubuntu, if that matters ( which i > suspect it does ). > > thanks, > shawn > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor From bgailer at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 19:22:19 2009 From: bgailer at gmail.com (bob gailer) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 13:22:19 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <4A6F33CB.4080800@gmail.com> amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: > It is not giving any value, without any error > > ph08001 at sys53:~> python trial.py > ph08001 at sys53:~> > it is coming out from shell. > Try this. I embedded the test data to simplify testing: data = """48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C =""".split('\n') for line in data: line2 = line.split('=') if not line2[5]: # C value missing if len(line2[2]) <= 5 and len(line2[3]) <= 5: # N and CA values missing print "all missing", line else: print "C missing", line -- Bob Gailer Chapel Hill NC 919-636-4239 From quasipedia at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 19:22:11 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 19:22:11 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Two problems related to dispathing. Message-ID: <1248801731.507.12.camel@jabbar> Hello, I'm working on an application in which I need the main loop to call the same method on a number of objects. I came up with this solution that seem to work, but I was wondering if there is a better / more pythonic solution to the problem. def invokeAll(method, data): """This function is a dispatcher: it invokes all the content types of the application calling 'contenttype.method(data)'""" return [getattr(content, method)(data) for content in contents] I am also unsatisfied by how I generate the content list I use in the above function. In fact, as I have the need to access the object both individually and with the dispatcher, I am doing something like this every time I instantiate a new object: mycontent = ContentA() contents.append(mycontent) ...but although I "feel" this is silly, I can't imagine how to get it better (i.e. a single call that will make available the object with his unique name and append it to the list of contents. Thank you in advance for your input, Mac. From shawn at skrite.net Tue Jul 28 19:32:51 2009 From: shawn at skrite.net (shawn bright) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 12:32:51 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? In-Reply-To: <1248801072.507.1.camel@jabbar> References: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> <1248801072.507.1.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: <384c93600907281032y71b43dfbj24fa62eebd959c3@mail.gmail.com> Hey all, i used the popen with getpid() option. working well so far, thanks to all of you. shawn On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 12:11 PM, Mac Ryan wrote: > I am not an expert, but if I got you correctly, what you want to achieve > is a "singleton": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton_pattern if you > watch at the sample implementation, there is a Python example too. > > Mac. > > On Tue, 2009-07-28 at 10:45 -0500, shawn bright wrote: >> Hey all, >> >> I have an app that runs in a GUI written in pygtk. It spawns several >> threads, and runs all the time. >> It is mission critical that we can never have two instances of this >> running at once. >> >> So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there >> is an instance of that something already running? >> >> I am doing this in python 2.5 on Ubuntu, if that matters ( which i >> suspect it does ). >> >> thanks, >> shawn >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > From kent37 at tds.net Tue Jul 28 19:47:52 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 13:47:52 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Two problems related to dispathing. In-Reply-To: <1248801731.507.12.camel@jabbar> References: <1248801731.507.12.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907281047v49652d42he4201ba76c8fde76@mail.gmail.com> On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 1:22 PM, Mac Ryan wrote: > def invokeAll(method, data): > ? ?"""This function is a dispatcher: it invokes all the content types > ? ?of the application calling 'contenttype.method(data)'""" > ? ?return [getattr(content, method)(data) for content in contents] In Python 2.6 you can use operator.methodcaller() to do this: def invokeAll(method, data): caller = operator.methodcaller(method, data) return map(caller, contents) > mycontent = ContentA() > contents.append(mycontent) This is not so bad. You could also make a class member of the base class that keeps track of instances: class ContentA(object): contents = [] def __init__(self): contents.append(self) Kent From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 19:56:02 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 18:56:02 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: wrote > Sorry to say, but till now I have not got the solution of my problem, I > tried with this command:- > > import re > > if __name__ == '__main__': > data = open('chem.txt').readlines() > for line in data: > RE = re.compile('C = (.)',re.M) The regex still does not match the end of line. The regex character for end of line is $ thus you should find something like > RE = re.compile('C =$') You might need to allow for whitespace between the = and $... If the blanks are not at the end of the line things get slightly more complicated HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 20:03:27 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 19:03:27 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Two problems related to dispathing. References: <1248801731.507.12.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: "Mac Ryan" wrote > above function. In fact, as I have the need to access the object both > individually and with the dispatcher, I am doing something like this > every time I instantiate a new object: > > > mycontent = ContentA() > contents.append(mycontent) > > > ...but although I "feel" this is silly, I can't imagine how to get it > better (i.e. a single call that will make available the object with his > unique name and append it to the list of contents. There is no simpler solution without changing the class. If you can do that you could pass the container to the constructor and get the class to add itself to the container.... HTH, Alan G. From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Tue Jul 28 20:00:25 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 19:00:25 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] how to know if process is running? References: <384c93600907280845o689d02a5k4cdba1d22c919659@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "shawn bright" wrote > So, my question is, how can i write something that will know if there > is an instance of that something already running? > > I am doing this in python 2.5 on Ubuntu, if that matters ( which i > suspect it does ). I suspect the simplest way is to use the ps command and grep. Wrap your code in a shell script that checks ps before launching the script. If thats not acceptable call ps from subprocess module as soon as you start, hopefuilly that won;t break anything although the processes will be running together briefly. If so you could do the check then fork() or exec() to create the real new process... Finally you can write a signal file into /tmp and then look for that file on startup. Don't forget to delete it when you exit though! Lots of options depending on how hard core you need to be! HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From quasipedia at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 21:32:06 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 21:32:06 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Two problems related to dispathing. In-Reply-To: References: <1248801731.507.12.camel@jabbar> Message-ID: <1248809526.3693.1.camel@jabbar> On Tue, 2009-07-28 at 19:03 +0100, Alan Gauld wrote: > There is no simpler solution without changing the class. > If you can do that you could pass the container to the constructor > and get the class to add itself to the container.... Kent, Alan... thank you very much, indeed I finally adopted the solution that both of you suggested, and I am now an happy man! :) Mac. From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Tue Jul 28 21:33:53 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 01:03:53 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <4A6F33CB.4080800@gmail.com> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F33CB.4080800@gmail.com> Message-ID: <9486.210.212.36.65.1248809633.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> with these data it is giving output but when I tried if __name__ == '__main__': data = open('chem.txt').readlines() for line in data: line2 = line.split('=') if not line2[5]: # C value missing if len(line2[2]) <= 5 and len(line2[3]) <= 5: # N and CA values missing print "all missing", line else: print "C missing", line by putting data in .txt file then it is not giving output. Actually I have few large data file what I want that I will put those lines in one file for which only C value is missing and in another one I will put those line for which N, CA and C all values are missing. Thanks for help. Amrita > amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: >> It is not giving any value, without any error >> >> ph08001 at sys53:~> python trial.py >> ph08001 at sys53:~> >> it is coming out from shell. >> > Try this. I embedded the test data to simplify testing: > > data = """48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 > 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = > 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C =""".split('\n') > for line in data: > line2 = line.split('=') > if not line2[5]: # C value missing > if len(line2[2]) <= 5 and len(line2[3]) <= 5: # N and CA values > missing > print "all missing", line > else: > print "C missing", line > > -- > Bob Gailer > Chapel Hill NC > 919-636-4239 > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From shantanoo at gmail.com Tue Jul 28 22:28:21 2009 From: shantanoo at gmail.com (=?UTF-8?B?4KS24KSC4KSk4KSo4KWC?=) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 01:58:21 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <9486.210.212.36.65.1248809633.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F33CB.4080800@gmail.com> <9486.210.212.36.65.1248809633.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: You may like to have a look @ pyparsing module. URL: http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/ HTH. regards, shantanoo On 29-Jul-09, at 1:03 AM, amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: > with these data it is giving output but when I tried > > if __name__ == '__main__': > data = open('chem.txt').readlines() > for line in data: > line2 = line.split('=') > if not line2[5]: # C value missing > if len(line2[2]) <= 5 and len(line2[3]) <= 5: # N and CA values > missing > print "all missing", line > else: > print "C missing", line > > by putting data in .txt file then it is not giving output. Actually > I have > few large data file what I want that I will put those lines in one > file > for which only C value is missing and in another one I will put > those line > for which N, CA and C all values are missing. > > Thanks for help. > Amrita > >> amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: >>> It is not giving any value, without any error >>> >>> ph08001 at sys53:~> python trial.py >>> ph08001 at sys53:~> >>> it is coming out from shell. >>> >> Try this. I embedded the test data to simplify testing: >> >> data = """48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 >> 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = >> 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C =""".split('\n') >> for line in data: >> line2 = line.split('=') >> if not line2[5]: # C value missing >> if len(line2[2]) <= 5 and len(line2[3]) <= 5: # N and CA values >> missing >> print "all missing", line >> else: >> print "C missing", line >> >> -- >> Bob Gailer >> Chapel Hill NC >> 919-636-4239 >> > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor From davea at ieee.org Tue Jul 28 23:26:10 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 17:26:10 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <13706.210.212.36.65.1248532908.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <11693.210.212.36.65.1248787380.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <4A6F0880.9@gmail.com> <23352.210.212.36.65.1248800359.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <4A6F6CF2.6090001@ieee.org> amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: > It is not giving any value, without any error > > ph08001 at sys53:~> python trial.py > ph08001 at sys53:~> > it is coming out from shell. > > Thanks for help. > Amrita > > >> amrita at iisermohali.ac.in wrote: >> >>> Sorry to say, but till now I have not got the solution of my problem, I >>> tried with this command:- >>> >>> import re >>> >>> >>> >> # assuming H = , N = , CA = , HA = and C = always present in that order >> if __name__ == '__main__': >> data = open('chem.txt').readlines() >> for line in data: >> line = line.split('=') >> if not line[5]: # C value missing >> if len(line[2])==1 and len(line[3])==1: # N and CA values missing >> print "all missing", line >> else: >> print "C missing", line >> >> >>> >>>> Hi, >>>> >>>> I have a file having lines:- >>>> >>>> 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 >>>> 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = >>>> 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = >>>> >>>> Now i want to make two another file in which i want to put those lines >>>> for >>>> which C is missing and another one for which N,CA and C all are >>>> missing, >>>> >>>> With these commands:- >>>> >>>> import re >>>> f = open('chem.txt') >>>> for line in f: >>>> if re.search('C = ',line): >>>> print line >>>> >>>> I am getting those lines for which C value is there but how to get >>>> those >>>> one for which it doesn't have any value, i did google search but still >>>> i >>>> am not getting. >>>> >>>> Amrita Kumari >>>> Research Fellow >>>> IISER Mohali >>>> Chandigarh >>>> INDIA >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >> -- >> Bob Gailer >> Chapel Hill NC >> 919-636-4239 >> >> > > > Amrita Kumari > Research Fellow > IISER Mohali > Chandigarh > INDIA > > > If you add a strip() ,method call to Bob's line2 definition, it should work with your data, when read from file. line2 = line.strip().split('=') But you should realize his code assumes the data fits rather rigid rules. Before you use such code, you should make sure the data will fit it correctly. For example, a blank line will crash the loop. A line with the four variables in some other order will not work. A fifth variable on a line will make it not work. DaveA From pine508 at hotmail.com Wed Jul 29 02:21:17 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 20:21:17 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] self.name vs. passing a name In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: > > The "answer" to each function is then used in the next function. > > I can think of two ways to make that answer available ... > > 1) pass it in, or > > 2) declare it as self.answer Thank you Alan, Kent, and Dave. Full agreement, and it makes sense to me. (Maybe this is also an example of "explicit is better than implicit"?) Che _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? Hotmail?: Celebrate the moment with your favorite sports pics. Check it out. http://www.windowslive.com/Online/Hotmail/Campaign/QuickAdd?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_QA_HM_sports_photos_072009&cat=sports -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From burgess.nick at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 04:36:07 2009 From: burgess.nick at gmail.com (Nick Burgess) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 22:36:07 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's Message-ID: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> Good evening List, I am trying to have this script search for an IP or nearest subnet match in a dir of csv's. It works with an absolute match, It will be receiving a whole IP address, so if there is no absolute match no data is returned, however if it is listed somewhere in a subnet I want to know. I need it to search and loop through the 32 bit, then the 24 bit, 16, 8. I am stumped at how to cut of the numbers on the right with the period as the delimiter. I have looked at strip, split need a clue what else to try. Thanks! args.append(arg.strip("\n")) args = list(set(args)) for arg in args: for f in files: pattern = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) <---- I am thinking loop 4 times and do something different here ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') for row in ff: if any(pattern.search(cell) for cell in row): print f print ', '.join(row) From pedrooconnell at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 04:44:36 2009 From: pedrooconnell at gmail.com (pedro) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 22:44:36 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] "File exists, overwrite?" dialog help Message-ID: Hi I am learning python for use in Nuke (image compositing software). I would like to test if a file exists and receive a warning if it does. To do a Nuke command line render, it looks something like this: /Applications/Nuke5.1v5/Nuke5.1v5.app/Contents/MacOS/Nuke5.1v5 -iX WriteComp '/Volumes/sgtb/comp_v05.nk' Where "WriteComp" is the name of a write node within the nuke script '/Volumes/sgtb/comp_v05.nk'. The problem with the above command line command is that it overwrites the files that "WriteComp" points to without warning me. So what I would like to do is have the command line (or python) ask "File exists, overwrite?" Below I have some code which tests whether the file already exists by parsing the Nuke script. It is working fine. I am not sure how to combine the script below with the command line command above so that the above command won't be executed unless I am first asked "File exists, overwrite?" #################start import re, linecache, shutil, sys, os theFile = (sys.argv[1]) lines = theFile.readlines() theFile.close() pattern = re.compile(' name WriteComp') for i, line in enumerate(lines): if pattern.search(line): theWriteFilePath = linecache.getline(theFile.name, i-1) #nukeFilePathAsString = nukeFilePathContainerAsString = '/'.join((theWriteFilePath.split()[1]).split('/')[:-1]) nukeImageAsString = '/'.join((theWriteFilePath.split()[1]).split('/')[-1:]) nukeImageWithZeroesAsString = nukeImageAsString.split('.')[0] + '.0001.' + nukeImageAsString.split('.')[2] thePythonFriendlyFilePath = nukeFilePathContainerAsString + '/'+ nukeImageWithZeroesAsString #print thePythonFriendlyFilePath if os.path.exists(thePythonFriendlyFilePath): print 'yes' #########################end Thanks Pete From peterjohnanderson at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 05:30:26 2009 From: peterjohnanderson at gmail.com (pja) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 13:30:26 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] Problem with multiple input Message-ID: <4A6FC252.8020405@gmail.com> Hi! I am trying to teach myself Python (using John Zelle's book "Python Programming"). One major problem is that the book is written for Python 2.x and I am using Python 3.1 (and don't want to switch back). There is a sample script for calculating the sum and difference of two numbers: # sum_and_difference.py def sumDiff(x,y): total = x + y diff = x - y return total, diff def main(): # Introduction print("This program calculates the sum and difference of two numbers.") # number1 = float(input("Enter the first number: ")) # number2 = float(input("Enter the second number: ")) number1, number2 = (input("Please enter two numbers: ").split()) number1, number2 = float(number1), float(number2) total, diff = sumDiff(number1, number2) diff = abs(diff) print("The sum is", total, "and the difference is", diff) main() I have commented out the two lines where user input is collected (that works fine) and tried to replace the two lines with a single input line. The example code works but I don't think it is either optimum or elegant. Could someone help me with the "correct" Python way of doing this. Also the working code only woks with input numbers that are separated by a space. How would I do this with numbers that are separated by a comma? Thanks in advance. Regards, Peter -- *Peter Anderson* There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things?Niccolo Machiavelli, /The Prince/, ch. 6 From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Wed Jul 29 05:51:00 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 04:51:00 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] Problem with multiple input References: <4A6FC252.8020405@gmail.com> Message-ID: "pja" wrote > One major problem is that the book is written for Python 2.x and I am > using Python 3.1 (and don't want to switch back). Very few books/tutorials exist yet for v3. But you seem to be coping with the differences adequately. My tutorial for v3 is almost half-way complete, you might find it useful as a secondary resource: http://www.alan-g.me.uk/l2p/ def main(): # Introduction print("This program calculates the sum and difference of two numbers.") # number1 = float(input("Enter the first number: ")) # number2 = float(input("Enter the second number: ")) number1, number2 = (input("Please enter two numbers: ").split()) number1, number2 = float(number1), float(number2) > The example code works but I don't think it is either optimum or > elegant. Could someone help me with the "correct" Python way of doing That loooks OK although its a little bit unusual to request two input values on one line - just because of the difficulty of parsing the result. Its hard enough to get users to input correct values one at a time! Never mind formatting two values... as you discovered: > Also the working code only woks with input numbers that are separated by > a space. How would I do this with numbers that are separated by a comma? However you can pass a string to split() that will split the line on any of the characters in the string. So in your case you could request a split using spaces and commas - and I suggest adding semi colons and tabs too? number1, number2 = (input("Please enter two numbers: ").split(" ,;\t")) HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From ptmcg at austin.rr.com Wed Jul 29 06:36:49 2009 From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire) Date: Tue, 28 Jul 2009 23:36:49 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <99D25C8FCB81490FAF2463D73CC3D54F@AWA2> Ok, I've seen various passes at this problem using regex, split('='), etc., but the solutions seem fairly fragile, and the OP doesn't seem happy with any of them. Here is how this problem looks if you were going to try breaking it up with pyparsing: - Each line starts with an integer, and the string "ALA" - "ALA" is followed by a series of "X = 1.2"-type attributes, where the value part might be missing. And to implement (with a few bells and whistles thrown in for free): data = """48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C =""".splitlines() from pyparsing import * # define some basic data expressions integer = Word(nums) real = Combine(Word(nums) + "." + Word(nums)) # use parse actions to automatically convert numeric # strings to actual numbers at parse time integer.setParseAction(lambda tokens:int(tokens[0])) real.setParseAction(lambda tokens:float(tokens[0])) # define expressions for 'X = 1.2' assignments; note that the # value might be missing, so use Optional - we'll fill in # a default value of 0.0 if no value is given keyValue = Word(alphas.upper()) + '=' + \ Optional(real|integer, default=0.0) # define overall expression for the data on a line dataline = integer + "ALA" + OneOrMore(Group(keyValue))("kvdata") # attach parse action to define named values in the returned tokens def assignDataByKey(tokens): for k,_,v in tokens.kvdata: tokens[k] = v dataline.setParseAction(assignDataByKey) # for each line in the input data, parse it and print some of the data fields for d in data: print d parsedData = dataline.parseString(d) print parsedData.dump() print parsedData.CA print parsedData.N print Prints out: 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 [48, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 8.3300000000000001], ['N', '=', 120.77], ['CA', '=', 55.18], ['HA', '=', 4.1200000000000001], ['C', '=', 181.5]] - C: 181.5 - CA: 55.18 - H: 8.33 - HA: 4.12 - N: 120.77 - kvdata: [['H', '=', 8.3300000000000001], ['N', '=', 120.77], ['CA', '=', 55.18], ['HA', '=', 4.1200000000000001], ['C', '=', 181.5]] 55.18 120.77 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = [104, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 7.7000000000000002], ['N', '=', 121.20999999999999], ['CA', '=', 54.32], ['HA', '=', 4.21], ['C', '=', 0.0]] - C: 0.0 - CA: 54.32 - H: 7.7 - HA: 4.21 - N: 121.21 - kvdata: [['H', '=', 7.7000000000000002], ['N', '=', 121.20999999999999], ['CA', '=', 54.32], ['HA', '=', 4.21], ['C', '=', 0.0]] 54.32 121.21 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = [85, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 8.5999999999999996], ['N', '=', 0.0], ['CA', '=', 0.0], ['HA', '=', 4.6500000000000004], ['C', '=', 0.0]] - C: 0.0 - CA: 0.0 - H: 8.6 - HA: 4.65 - N: 0.0 - kvdata: [['H', '=', 8.5999999999999996], ['N', '=', 0.0], ['CA', '=', 0.0], ['HA', '=', 4.6500000000000004], ['C', '=', 0.0]] 0.0 0.0 Learn more about pyparsing at http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com. -- Paul From amrita at iisermohali.ac.in Wed Jul 29 07:13:09 2009 From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in (amrita at iisermohali.ac.in) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 10:43:09 +0530 (IST) Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <99D25C8FCB81490FAF2463D73CC3D54F@AWA2> References: <99D25C8FCB81490FAF2463D73CC3D54F@AWA2> Message-ID: <4956.210.212.36.65.1248844389.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Thanks for help Sir but with these commands it is showing error:- ph08001 at sys53:~> python trip.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "trip.py", line 6, in from pyparsing import * ImportError: No module named pyparsing > Ok, I've seen various passes at this problem using regex, split('='), > etc., > but the solutions seem fairly fragile, and the OP doesn't seem happy with > any of them. Here is how this problem looks if you were going to try > breaking it up with pyparsing: > - Each line starts with an integer, and the string "ALA" > - "ALA" is followed by a series of "X = 1.2"-type attributes, where the > value part might be missing. > > And to implement (with a few bells and whistles thrown in for free): > > data = """48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 > 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = > 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C =""".splitlines() > > > from pyparsing import * > > # define some basic data expressions > integer = Word(nums) > real = Combine(Word(nums) + "." + Word(nums)) > > # use parse actions to automatically convert numeric > # strings to actual numbers at parse time > integer.setParseAction(lambda tokens:int(tokens[0])) > real.setParseAction(lambda tokens:float(tokens[0])) > > # define expressions for 'X = 1.2' assignments; note that the > # value might be missing, so use Optional - we'll fill in > # a default value of 0.0 if no value is given > keyValue = Word(alphas.upper()) + '=' + \ > Optional(real|integer, default=0.0) > > # define overall expression for the data on a line > dataline = integer + "ALA" + OneOrMore(Group(keyValue))("kvdata") > > # attach parse action to define named values in the returned tokens > def assignDataByKey(tokens): > for k,_,v in tokens.kvdata: > tokens[k] = v > dataline.setParseAction(assignDataByKey) > > # for each line in the input data, parse it and print some of the data > fields > for d in data: > print d > parsedData = dataline.parseString(d) > print parsedData.dump() > print parsedData.CA > print parsedData.N > print > > > Prints out: > > 48 ALA H = 8.33 N = 120.77 CA = 55.18 HA = 4.12 C = 181.50 > [48, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 8.3300000000000001], ['N', '=', 120.77], ['CA', > '=', > 55.18], ['HA', '=', 4.1200000000000001], ['C', '=', 181.5]] > - C: 181.5 > - CA: 55.18 > - H: 8.33 > - HA: 4.12 > - N: 120.77 > - kvdata: [['H', '=', 8.3300000000000001], ['N', '=', 120.77], ['CA', '=', > 55.18], ['HA', '=', 4.1200000000000001], ['C', '=', 181.5]] > 55.18 > 120.77 > > 104 ALA H = 7.70 N = 121.21 CA = 54.32 HA = 4.21 C = > [104, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 7.7000000000000002], ['N', '=', > 121.20999999999999], > ['CA', '=', 54.32], ['HA', '=', 4.21], ['C', '=', 0.0]] > - C: 0.0 > - CA: 54.32 > - H: 7.7 > - HA: 4.21 > - N: 121.21 > - kvdata: [['H', '=', 7.7000000000000002], ['N', '=', 121.20999999999999], > ['CA', '=', 54.32], ['HA', '=', 4.21], ['C', '=', 0.0]] > 54.32 > 121.21 > > 85 ALA H = 8.60 N = CA = HA = 4.65 C = > [85, 'ALA', ['H', '=', 8.5999999999999996], ['N', '=', 0.0], ['CA', '=', > 0.0], ['HA', '=', 4.6500000000000004], ['C', '=', 0.0]] > - C: 0.0 > - CA: 0.0 > - H: 8.6 > - HA: 4.65 > - N: 0.0 > - kvdata: [['H', '=', 8.5999999999999996], ['N', '=', 0.0], ['CA', '=', > 0.0], ['HA', '=', 4.6500000000000004], ['C', '=', 0.0]] > 0.0 > 0.0 > > > Learn more about pyparsing at http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com. > > -- Paul > > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > Amrita Kumari Research Fellow IISER Mohali Chandigarh INDIA From ptmcg at austin.rr.com Wed Jul 29 07:44:43 2009 From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 00:44:43 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] how to get blank value In-Reply-To: <4956.210.212.36.65.1248844389.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> References: <99D25C8FCB81490FAF2463D73CC3D54F@AWA2> <4956.210.212.36.65.1248844389.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> Message-ID: <6433EFD2D2B4414DAD52DDA3E98E0116@AWA2> > -----Original Message----- > From: amrita at iisermohali.ac.in [mailto:amrita at iisermohali.ac.in] > Sent: Wednesday, July 29, 2009 12:13 AM > To: Paul McGuire > Cc: tutor at python.org > Subject: Re: [Tutor] how to get blank value > > Thanks for help Sir but with these commands it is showing error:- > > ph08001 at sys53:~> python trip.py > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "trip.py", line 6, in > from pyparsing import * > ImportError: No module named pyparsing > Wow. You are on your own from here, you will have to do *some* work for yourself. This problem should definitely be within the abilities of a "Research Fellow" to solve. Did you even see the link I added at the bottom of my earlier post? From ldl08 at gmx.net Wed Jul 29 08:29:43 2009 From: ldl08 at gmx.net (David) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 14:29:43 +0800 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function Message-ID: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Dear Tutors, whenever I make use of the help() function, I have a good chance of getting an error. I have not yet understood this tool very well. Take the modules operator and random as examples. The former is built-in, the latter not. Do I wish to see the help files, I have to use a different syntax: help(random) help('operator') I figured this by trial and error, and I am keen to find out when the help() function is to be supplied with a string, and when no '' is required. It certainly does not seem intuitive to me! Many thanks, David From peter.anderson at internode.on.net Wed Jul 29 08:16:51 2009 From: peter.anderson at internode.on.net (Peter Anderson) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 16:16:51 +1000 Subject: [Tutor] Problem with multiple input In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <4A6FE953.5010403@internode.on.net> Alan, Thanks heaps for the quick feedback. I think you are right about multiple inputs on the one line. Looks elegant but is hard work. Regards, Peter -- *Peter Anderson* There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, or more uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of a new order of things?Niccolo Machiavelli, /The Prince/, ch. 6 From bala.biophysics at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 13:51:12 2009 From: bala.biophysics at gmail.com (Bala subramanian) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 13:51:12 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] curve fitting Message-ID: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> Friends, I wish to do some curve fitting with python by defining my own equations. Could someone please give some guidance or examples on doing the same. Thanks, Bala -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 14:13:19 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 07:13:19 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's In-Reply-To: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> References: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 9:36 PM, Nick Burgess wrote: > Good evening List, > > I am trying to have this script search for an IP or nearest subnet > match in a dir of csv's. It works with an absolute match, It will be > receiving a whole IP address, so if there is no absolute match no data > is returned, however if it is listed somewhere in a subnet I want to > know. I need it to search and loop through the 32 bit, then the 24 > bit, 16, 8. I am stumped at how to cut of the numbers on the right > with the period as the delimiter. I have looked at strip, split need a > clue what else to try. > > Thanks! > > > > args.append(arg.strip("\n")) > args = list(set(args)) > for arg in args: > for f in files: > pattern = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) <---- I > am thinking loop 4 times and do something different here > ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') > for row in ff: > if any(pattern.search(cell) for cell in row): > print f > print ', '.join(row) It's often helpful to provide example data and solutions so we know exactly what you're looking for. If we understand quickly, chances are we'll reply just as quickly. If you have the IPs 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.10 192.168.2.2 192.169.1.1 And you were looking for 192.168.1.2, do you want it to return nothing? Or both 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.10? Or only 192.168.1.1 as it's the closest match? Also, I don't know if I'd do re.compile on the raw sys.argv data, but perhaps filter it - just compiling is error prone and possibly a security hole. Even if you're doing it just for yourself, I'd still try to make it as break-proof as possible. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 14:39:32 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 07:39:32 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function In-Reply-To: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> References: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Message-ID: <333efb450907290539p25e1f0d4u7c2cc51685ce6e14@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 1:29 AM, David wrote: > Dear Tutors, > > whenever I make use of the help() function, I have a good chance of > getting an error. I have not yet understood this tool very well. > > Take the modules operator and random as examples. The former is > built-in, the latter not. > Do I wish to see the help files, I have to use a different syntax: > > help(random) > help('operator') > > I figured this by trial and error, and I am keen to find out when the > help() function is to be supplied with a string, and when no '' is > required. It certainly does not seem intuitive to me! >>> operator Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'operator' is not defined >>> help('operator') >>> random Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'random' is not defined >>> help(random) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'random' is not defined >>> help('random') (produces the helpfile) This goes back to pythons objects. If something is an object in python, you can probably pass it to help(), otherwise you need to pass a string. >>> operator = 'foo' >>> help(operator) Welcome to ASCII Assassin! (1) Start Game (2) Instructions :> I guess that's an easter egg... so I'm off to play ASCII Assassin! HTH, Wayne -- To be considered stupid and to be told so is more painful than being called gluttonous, mendacious, violent, lascivious, lazy, cowardly: every weakness, every vice, has found its defenders, its rhetoric, its ennoblement and exaltation, but stupidity hasn?t. - Primo Levi -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From burgess.nick at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 14:43:12 2009 From: burgess.nick at gmail.com (Nick Burgess) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 08:43:12 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's In-Reply-To: <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> References: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> And you were looking for 192.168.1.2, do you want it to return nothing? Or both 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.10? Or only 192.168.1.1 as it's the closest match? I would like it to return both, all possible matches. The data looks something like this in the CSV's, Server foo.bar.org 10.2.2.2 such&such org Apache farm subnet 10.2.3.0/24 so&so corp. the format is random The script will be ran from a third party tool so only one argument can be passed to it which will be an entire IP address. If within the CSV's there is no 32 bit match there could be a subnet that might match, thats why I need it to loop over the dots. If there is a 32 bit and a subnet match both will be returned which is desirable . I figured out a way to cut of the ends from the dots using the following code, string.rsplit('.',1)[:1]; looping over this and incrementing the first digit cuts of the octets from the IP correctly. My problem now is that the rsplit returns a list and I need a string. I am stuck on how to use the rsplit. Thanks. ipAdres = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) print ipAdres.pattern print ipAdres.pattern.rsplit('.',1)[:1] for arg in args: for f in files: ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') for row in ff: if any(ipAdres.search(cell) for cell in row): print f print ', '.join(row) On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 8:13 AM, Wayne wrote: > On Tue, Jul 28, 2009 at 9:36 PM, Nick Burgess > wrote: >> >> Good evening List, >> >> I am trying to have this script search for an IP or nearest subnet >> match in a dir of csv's. It works with an absolute match, ?It will be >> receiving a whole IP address, so if there is no absolute match no data >> is returned, however if it is listed somewhere in a subnet I want to >> know. ? I need it to search and loop through the 32 bit, then the 24 >> bit, 16, 8. ?I am stumped at how to cut of the numbers on the right >> with the period as the delimiter. I have looked at strip, split need a >> clue what else to try. >> >> Thanks! >> >> >> >> ? ? ? ?args.append(arg.strip("\n")) >> args = list(set(args)) >> for arg in args: >> ? ?for f in files: >> ? ? ? ?pattern = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? <---- ? I >> am thinking loop 4 times and do something different here >> ? ? ? ?ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') >> ? ? ? ?for row in ff: >> ? ? ? ? ? ?if any(pattern.search(cell) for cell in row): >> ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?print f >> ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?print ', '.join(row) > > It's often helpful to provide example data and solutions so we know exactly > what you're looking for. If we understand quickly, chances are we'll reply > just as quickly. > > If you have the IPs > > 192.168.1.1 > 192.168.1.10 > 192.168.2.2 > 192.169.1.1 > > And you were looking for 192.168.1.2, do you want it to return nothing? Or > both 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.10? Or only 192.168.1.1 as it's the closest > match? > > Also, I don't know if I'd do re.compile on the raw sys.argv data, but > perhaps filter it - just compiling is error prone and possibly a security > hole. Even if you're doing it just for yourself, I'd still try to make it as > break-proof as possible. > > HTH, > Wayne > > From srilyk at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 15:05:58 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 08:05:58 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's In-Reply-To: <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> References: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907290605l7190b374yab2b3539116338df@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 7:43 AM, Nick Burgess wrote: > And you were looking for 192.168.1.2, do you want it to return nothing? Or > both 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.10? Or only 192.168.1.1 as it's the closest > match? > > I would like it to return both, all possible matches. > > The data looks something like this in the CSV's, > > Server foo.bar.org 10.2.2.2 such&such org > Apache farm subnet 10.2.3.0/24 so&so corp. > > the format is random > > The script will be ran from a third party tool so only one argument > can be passed to it which will be an entire IP address. If within the > CSV's there is no 32 bit match there could be a subnet that might > match, thats why I need it to loop over the dots. If there is a 32 > bit and a subnet match both will be returned which is desirable . http://www.velocityreviews.com/forums/t356058-regular-expressions-and-matches.html That will give you the regex for matching any IP addresses. If you use the findall method http://docs.python.org/library/re.html then it will give you a list of IPs (as strings). If you packed each of these IPs into a dictionary you could use this to get the key: for ip in iplist: key = ip[:ip.rfind('.')] # Gets everything but the last bit if mydict.get(key): mydict[key].append(ip) else: mydict[key] = [ip] Then you just have to do something like mydict.get(sys.argv[1][:sys.argv[1].rfind('.')] Which will return None or the list of IPs. Although now that I'm thinking a little more about it, that's probably excessive for your needs - you can just do this: matches = [] ipnet = sys.argv[1][:sys.argv[1].rfind('.')] for ip in iplist: if ip.startswith(ipnet): matches.append(ip) and that should give you a list of all IPs within that same subnet. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eike.welk at gmx.net Wed Jul 29 15:42:31 2009 From: eike.welk at gmx.net (Eike Welk) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 15:42:31 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] curve fitting In-Reply-To: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> References: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> On Wednesday 29 July 2009, Bala subramanian wrote: > Friends, > > I wish to do some curve fitting with python by defining my own > equations. Could someone please give some guidance or examples on > doing the same. You can use the Numpy/Scipy libraries for that. I think they have examples for curve fitting on their website. But unfortunately the website is down (or my Internet is broken). http://www.scipy.org/ There are also special mailing lists for Numpy/Scipy/Matplotlib users, to which you should subscribe. This one would be good for your question: http://projects.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/scipy-user If I understand you right, you have a formula with some parameters. Now you are searching for parameter values so that the formula really goes through the data points. This is a task for optimization functions. Kind regards, Eike. From jsseabold at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 15:59:55 2009 From: jsseabold at gmail.com (Skipper Seabold) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 09:59:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] curve fitting In-Reply-To: <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> References: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> Message-ID: On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 9:42 AM, Eike Welk wrote: > On Wednesday 29 July 2009, Bala subramanian wrote: >> Friends, >> >> I wish to do some curve fitting with python by defining my own >> equations. Could someone please give some guidance or examples on >> doing the same. > What kind of curve fitting exactly? Linear equations? Can you provide an example? > You can use the Numpy/Scipy libraries for that. I think they have > examples for curve fitting on their website. But unfortunately the > website is down (or my Internet is broken). > > http://www.scipy.org/ > There were some problems with the site yesterday as well. Scipy would be a good place to start. I am in the home stretch of completing a google summer of code project to integrate some mostly linear statistical models (different flavors of least squares fitting, generalized linear models, robust statistics, generalized additive models, etc.) into SciPy, which might also be of interest to you depending on your needs (some info here ). There are also some "cookbook" examples from the scipy page that show some recipes for doing some basic curve fitting (OLS, interpolation) with the available tools. > There are also special mailing lists for Numpy/Scipy/Matplotlib users, > to which you should subscribe. This one would be good for your > question: > http://projects.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/scipy-user > > > If I understand you right, you have a formula with some parameters. > Now you are searching for parameter values so that the formula really > goes through the data points. This is a task for optimization > functions. > > Kind regards, > Eike. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From martin at linux-ip.net Wed Jul 29 16:04:28 2009 From: martin at linux-ip.net (Martin A. Brown) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 09:04:28 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's In-Reply-To: <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> References: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hello, : The script will be ran from a third party tool so only one : argument can be passed to it which will be an entire IP address. : If within the CSV's there is no 32 bit match there could be a : subnet that might match, thats why I need it to loop over the : dots. If there is a 32 bit and a subnet match both will be : returned which is desirable . : : I figured out a way to cut of the ends from the dots using the : following code, : : string.rsplit('.',1)[:1]; You, very likely, know something about your data that I do not, however, I couldn't help but notice that your choice of octet boundaries is not really quite sufficient when trying to find the network in which a given host would live. The /24, /16 and /8 boundaries are used in classful routing (class C, class B and class A respectively), which has largely been supplanted by CIDR. Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR) allows for netmasks which do not fall on the octet boundaries. Consider the IP 66.102.1.104. Here are some of the network addresses (prefixes) that could contain that host: 66.102.1.104/32 66.102.1.104/31 66.102.1.104/30 66.102.1.104/29 66.102.1.96/28 66.102.1.96/27 66.102.1.64/26 66.102.1.0/25 66.102.1.0/24 66.102.0.0/23 66.102.0.0/22 If you found any of these in your input data, that would indicate that the host 66.102.1.104 would be inside that network. With that said, here's a little function (my bad reimplementation of something probably in an IP handling library like ipaddr [0]) that will return a list of prefixes in string form which you can search for in your input text. Remember when searching for IPs in their string form that you should anchor (at absolute least) at the beginning of the string. In short, without the anchoring, you'll get three results, where only one should actually match. (Imagine looking for '4.17.112.0/24' without an anchor at the front. You'd also match '24.17.112.0/24' and '174.17.112.0/24'.) : looping over this and incrementing the first digit cuts of the : octets from the IP correctly. My problem now is that the rsplit : returns a list and I need a string. I am stuck on how to use the : rsplit. Thanks. : : : ipAdres = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) : print ipAdres.pattern : print ipAdres.pattern.rsplit('.',1)[:1] : for arg in args: : for f in files: : ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') : for row in ff: : if any(ipAdres.search(cell) for cell in row): : print f : print ', '.join(row) Good luck in your text searching! - -Martin [0] An IP address handling library that is much richer than the hastily-written snippet below: http://code.google.com/p/ipaddr-py/ #! /usr/bin/env python # # import sys import struct import socket maxmasklen = 32 def list_networks( ip, minmasklen=8, defaultmasklen=32 ): if ip is None: raise ValueError, "Supply an IP to this function" mask = defaultmasklen ip = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton( ip )) networks = list() while mask >= minmasklen: bits = maxmasklen - mask ip = ( ( ( ip[0] >> bits ) << bits ), ) net = socket.inet_ntoa( struct.pack( '>L', ip[0] ) ) + '/' + str( mask ) networks.append( net ) mask -= 1 return networks if __name__ == '__main__': for ip in sys.argv[1:]: networks = list_networks( ip ); for network in networks: print network print # -- end of file - -- Martin A. Brown http://linux-ip.net/ -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux) Comment: pgf-0.72 (http://linux-ip.net/sw/pine-gpg-filter/) iD8DBQFKcFbwHEoZD1iZ+YcRApGhAJ9fJxjEigCeCZ7cpDSa9uCoAadl+QCfYkhI 7fR7P0mZRsBl4lbleqkDoqw= =ns0F -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- From martin at linux-ip.net Wed Jul 29 16:04:28 2009 From: martin at linux-ip.net (Martin A. Brown) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 09:04:28 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] searching for an ip and subnets in a dir of csv's In-Reply-To: <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> References: <3a13c8e50907281936g747c5f68t982c0fa0f9a8e55e@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907290513m1a7c7415m5fbbc24c15d68625@mail.gmail.com> <3a13c8e50907290543q11839438sb0d513a8154dbd16@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA1 Hello, : The script will be ran from a third party tool so only one : argument can be passed to it which will be an entire IP address. : If within the CSV's there is no 32 bit match there could be a : subnet that might match, thats why I need it to loop over the : dots. If there is a 32 bit and a subnet match both will be : returned which is desirable . : : I figured out a way to cut of the ends from the dots using the : following code, : : string.rsplit('.',1)[:1]; You, very likely, know something about your data that I do not, however, I couldn't help but notice that your choice of octet boundaries is not really quite sufficient when trying to find the network in which a given host would live. The /24, /16 and /8 boundaries are used in classful routing (class C, class B and class A respectively), which has largely been supplanted by CIDR. Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR) allows for netmasks which do not fall on the octet boundaries. Consider the IP 66.102.1.104. Here are some of the network addresses (prefixes) that could contain that host: 66.102.1.104/32 66.102.1.104/31 66.102.1.104/30 66.102.1.104/29 66.102.1.96/28 66.102.1.96/27 66.102.1.64/26 66.102.1.0/25 66.102.1.0/24 66.102.0.0/23 66.102.0.0/22 If you found any of these in your input data, that would indicate that the host 66.102.1.104 would be inside that network. With that said, here's a little function (my bad reimplementation of something probably in an IP handling library like ipaddr [0]) that will return a list of prefixes in string form which you can search for in your input text. Remember when searching for IPs in their string form that you should anchor (at absolute least) at the beginning of the string. In short, without the anchoring, you'll get three results, where only one should actually match. (Imagine looking for '4.17.112.0/24' without an anchor at the front. You'd also match '24.17.112.0/24' and '174.17.112.0/24'.) : looping over this and incrementing the first digit cuts of the : octets from the IP correctly. My problem now is that the rsplit : returns a list and I need a string. I am stuck on how to use the : rsplit. Thanks. : : : ipAdres = re.compile(sys.argv[1]) : print ipAdres.pattern : print ipAdres.pattern.rsplit('.',1)[:1] : for arg in args: : for f in files: : ff = csv.reader(open (f, 'rb'), delimiter=' ', quotechar='|') : for row in ff: : if any(ipAdres.search(cell) for cell in row): : print f : print ', '.join(row) Good luck in your text searching! - -Martin [0] An IP address handling library that is much richer than the hastily-written snippet below: http://code.google.com/p/ipaddr-py/ #! /usr/bin/env python # # import sys import struct import socket maxmasklen = 32 def list_networks( ip, minmasklen=8, defaultmasklen=32 ): if ip is None: raise ValueError, "Supply an IP to this function" mask = defaultmasklen ip = struct.unpack('>L',socket.inet_aton( ip )) networks = list() while mask >= minmasklen: bits = maxmasklen - mask ip = ( ( ( ip[0] >> bits ) << bits ), ) net = socket.inet_ntoa( struct.pack( '>L', ip[0] ) ) + '/' + str( mask ) networks.append( net ) mask -= 1 return networks if __name__ == '__main__': for ip in sys.argv[1:]: networks = list_networks( ip ); for network in networks: print network print # -- end of file - -- Martin A. Brown http://linux-ip.net/ -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux) Comment: pgf-0.72 (http://linux-ip.net/sw/pine-gpg-filter/) iD8DBQFKcFbwHEoZD1iZ+YcRApGhAJ9fJxjEigCeCZ7cpDSa9uCoAadl+QCfYkhI 7fR7P0mZRsBl4lbleqkDoqw= =ns0F -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- From davea at ieee.org Wed Jul 29 17:22:55 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 11:22:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function In-Reply-To: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> References: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Message-ID: <4A70694F.1000007@ieee.org> David wrote: > Dear Tutors, > > whenever I make use of the help() function, I have a good chance of > getting an error. I have not yet understood this tool very well. > > Take the modules operator and random as examples. The former is > built-in, the latter not. > Do I wish to see the help files, I have to use a different syntax: > > help(random) > help('operator') > > I figured this by trial and error, and I am keen to find out when the > help() function is to be supplied with a string, and when no '' is > required. It certainly does not seem intuitive to me! > > Many thanks, > > David > > > As far as I know, the only difference between the two forms is that with the quotes, you can get help on a module that has *not* been imported, while if a module had been imported, you can leave off the quotes. For those two modules, you need the quotes till you import them. I don't see any difference between them, at least in :Python 2.6.2 For things that are really built-in, such as the function open(), you can get help without importing anything, since it's already visible. So you can say help(open), or help(property). DaveA From cosmicsand27 at yahoo.com Wed Jul 29 17:59:02 2009 From: cosmicsand27 at yahoo.com (Raj Medhekar) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 08:59:02 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Web crawling! Message-ID: <97233.1648.qm@web43406.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> Does anyone know a good webcrawler that could be used in tandem with the Beautiful soup parser to parse out specific elements from news sites like BBC and CNN? Thanks! -Raj -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eike.welk at gmx.net Wed Jul 29 18:14:21 2009 From: eike.welk at gmx.net (Eike Welk) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 18:14:21 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] curve fitting In-Reply-To: <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> References: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> Message-ID: <200907291814.22141.eike.welk@gmx.net> On Wednesday 29 July 2009, Eike Welk wrote: > You can use the Numpy/Scipy libraries for that. I think they have > examples for curve fitting on their website. This page contains examples: http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/FittingData - Eike. From jsseabold at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 18:26:45 2009 From: jsseabold at gmail.com (Skipper Seabold) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:26:45 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] curve fitting In-Reply-To: <288df32a0907290727i8b3f521sa4c0f689720e2f8d@mail.gmail.com> References: <288df32a0907290451t3ace762dgd902cc928b23dd35@mail.gmail.com> <200907291542.32380.eike.welk@gmx.net> <288df32a0907290727i8b3f521sa4c0f689720e2f8d@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 10:27 AM, Bala subramanian wrote: > I have to do the following: > > Eq 1) F = A * FB + (1-A) FO --------- (1) > > Eq 2) A = 1/2a0 [ ( ao + x + bo) - { ( ao + x + bo)2 - 4 aobo ) }0.5 ] > ............................. (2) > > KNOWN: F, FB, FO, ao, > UNKNOWN:? bo > > I have to fit the data first to Eq 1, find A and then fit it to Eq 2 to find > bo. I know python programming but am very new to this kind of analysis. I > would greatly appreciate if you could provide me some guidance on how to do > the same. > > Thanks, > Bala > It's good practice to reply-all to a mailing list and not to top post (replying at the top of an email), so it's easier to read and follow the discussion. What is your fitting criterion? Ie., are you trying to minimize the sum of squared errors (least squares), etc. There are different fitting criteria depending on what kind of data you have and where your noise is expected to come from. It looks like you could do this with a least squares fit if you want, putting linear constraints on the coefficients (which should be a part of the scipy.models soon), or you could rearrange the equations to get your unknown in only one place. Eq 1 would then be F = FO + A * (FB - FA) You can do similarly for equation 2 I think but didn't look closely. I'm still not sure what everything is in those equations. If you ask over on the scipy-user list and include the equations and a data example, you will almost certainly get some more help. Cheers, Skipper > > On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 3:59 PM, Skipper Seabold > wrote: >> >> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 9:42 AM, Eike Welk wrote: >> > On Wednesday 29 July 2009, Bala subramanian wrote: >> >> Friends, >> >> >> >> I wish to do some curve fitting with python by defining my own >> >> equations. Could someone please give some guidance or examples on >> >> doing the same. >> > >> >> What kind of curve fitting exactly? ?Linear equations? ?Can you >> provide an example? >> >> > You can use the Numpy/Scipy libraries for that. I think they have >> > examples for curve fitting on their website. But unfortunately the >> > website is down (or my Internet is broken). >> > >> > http://www.scipy.org/ >> > >> >> There were some problems with the site yesterday as well. ?Scipy would >> be a good place to start. ?I am in the home stretch of completing a >> google summer of code project to integrate some mostly linear >> statistical models (different flavors of least squares fitting, >> generalized linear models, robust statistics, generalized additive >> models, etc.) into SciPy, which might also be of interest to you >> depending on your needs (some info here >> ). ?There are also some "cookbook" >> examples from the scipy page that show some recipes for doing some >> basic curve fitting (OLS, interpolation) with the available tools. >> >> > There are also special mailing lists for Numpy/Scipy/Matplotlib users, >> > to which you should subscribe. This one would be good for your >> > question: >> > http://projects.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/scipy-user >> > >> > >> > If I understand you right, you have a formula with some parameters. >> > Now you are searching for parameter values so that the formula really >> > goes through the data points. This is a task for optimization >> > functions. >> > >> > Kind regards, >> > Eike. >> > _______________________________________________ >> > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org >> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor >> > >> _______________________________________________ >> Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > From eike.welk at gmx.net Wed Jul 29 19:23:49 2009 From: eike.welk at gmx.net (Eike Welk) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 19:23:49 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Fwd: Re: curve fitting Message-ID: <200907291923.50059.eike.welk@gmx.net> Forwarding Skipper's other message, which must have somehow been lost: ---------- Forwarded Message ---------- Subject: Re: [Tutor] curve fitting Date: Wednesday 29 July 2009 From: Skipper Seabold To: Eike Welk On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 9:42 AM, Eike Welk wrote: > On Wednesday 29 July 2009, Bala subramanian wrote: >> Friends, >> >> I wish to do some curve fitting with python by defining my own >> equations. Could someone please give some guidance or examples on >> doing the same. > What kind of curve fitting exactly? Linear equations? Can you provide an example? > You can use the Numpy/Scipy libraries for that. I think they have > examples for curve fitting on their website. But unfortunately the > website is down (or my Internet is broken). > > http://www.scipy.org/ > There were some problems with the site yesterday as well. Scipy would be a good place to start. I am in the home stretch of completing a google summer of code project to integrate some mostly linear statistical models (different flavors of least squares fitting, generalized linear models, robust statistics, generalized additive models, etc.) into SciPy, which might also be of interest to you depending on your needs (some info here ). There are also some "cookbook" examples from the scipy page that show some recipes for doing some basic curve fitting (OLS, interpolation) with the available tools. > There are also special mailing lists for Numpy/Scipy/Matplotlib users, > to which you should subscribe. This one would be good for your > question: > http://projects.scipy.org/mailman/listinfo/scipy-user > > > If I understand you right, you have a formula with some parameters. > Now you are searching for parameter values so that the formula really > goes through the data points. This is a task for optimization > functions. > > Kind regards, > Eike. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > ------------------------------------------------------- From ctcast at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 19:55:27 2009 From: ctcast at gmail.com (Chris Castillo) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:55:27 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] (no subject) Message-ID: <50e459210907291055n6311813cvcac121646a8e579e@mail.gmail.com> # Module demonstrates use of lists and set theory principles def Unite(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, join both into 1 new list newList = [] for item in set1: newList.append(item) for item in set2: newList.append(item) newList.sort() return newList def Intersect(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, check for commonalities, output commonalities to 1 new list newList = [] for item in set1: if item in set1 and item in set2: newList.append(item) newList.sort() return newList def Negate(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, return negation of 1st list newList = [] for item in set1: if item in set2: set1.remove(item) newList = set1 return newList could this be done in a more elegant fashion? From tomar.arun at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 20:43:46 2009 From: tomar.arun at gmail.com (Arun Tomar) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 00:13:46 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] Web crawling! In-Reply-To: <97233.1648.qm@web43406.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> References: <97233.1648.qm@web43406.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <202c460907291143s33599035j68672f2b63da2036@mail.gmail.com> Hi! Raj. On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 9:29 PM, Raj Medhekar wrote: > Does anyone know a good webcrawler that could be used in tandem with the > Beautiful soup parser to parse out specific elements from news sites like > BBC and CNN? Thanks! > -Raj > As i didn't find any good webcrawler as per my clients need, so i wrote one for them, but it's specific for their need only. i can't disclose any more details about it. In short, i'm using my app to crawl the specific sites, then parse it with beautiful soup and extract all the links on that page, then visit the links and search for the keywords on those pages. If the keyword is occurs more than the specified limit then it's a useful link and store it in the database or else leave it. -- Regards, Arun Tomar blog: http://linuxguy.in website: http://www.solutionenterprises.co.in -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 20:53:32 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:53:32 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Web crawling! In-Reply-To: <97233.1648.qm@web43406.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> References: <97233.1648.qm@web43406.mail.sp1.yahoo.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907291153q4d0fde0dhb237bdb876083978@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 9:59 AM, Raj Medhekar wrote: > Does anyone know a good webcrawler that could be used in tandem with the > Beautiful soup parser to parse out specific elements from news sites like > BBC and CNN? Thanks! > -Raj > > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > I have used httplib2 http://code.google.com/p/httplib2/ to crawl sites(with auth/cookies) and lxml (html xpath) to parse out links. but you could use builtin urllib2 to request pages if no auth/cookie support is required, here is a simple example import urllib2 from lxml import html page = urllib2.urlopen("http://this.page.com ") data = html.fromstring(page.read()) all_links = data.xpath("//a") # all links on the page for link in all_links: print link.attrib["href"] -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From goodpotatoes at yahoo.com Wed Jul 29 19:35:45 2009 From: goodpotatoes at yahoo.com (gpo) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 10:35:45 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Issues with regex escaping on \{ Message-ID: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> My regex is being run in both Python v2.6 and v3.1 For this example, I'll give one line. This lines will be read out of log files. I'm trying to get the GUID for the User ID to query a database with it, so I'd like a sub match. Here is the code ----------------- import re line = '>Checking Privilege for UserId: {88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF}. Returned hr = 0' pUserID=re.compile('UserID: \{(.+)\}',re.I) #Sub match is one or more characters between the first set of squigglies immediately following 'UserID: ' #the output is: (re.search(pUserID,line)).group(1) '88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF' ----------- Why isn't the match terminating after it finds the first \} ? -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Issues-with-regex-escaping-on-%5C%7B-tp24724060p24724060.html Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. From relipse at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 20:32:37 2009 From: relipse at gmail.com (tearsfornations) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 11:32:37 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Parsing Bible verses In-Reply-To: <5e58f2e40905252255x31c20568uf6ebd1687e294fd7@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30905211426v3b684694if8ef0fc730e82258@mail.gmail.com> <8633E44E09394855BC66724793935E49@kisc.edu.np> <9356b9f30905252248m43541578m78f0bb7a998ba7a6@mail.gmail.com> <5e58f2e40905252255x31c20568uf6ebd1687e294fd7@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <24725020.post@talk.nabble.com> hey, i recently was working on some custom bible software and created an sqlite3 database of a few different bibles, one of which is the American Standard Version (ASV) which you can download here http://tearsfornations.hostcell.net/bibledoth/asv.bible.sqlite3 here is the create tables CREATE TABLE bible_info ( description VARCHAR(55), abbreviation VARCHAR(7), comments TEXT, font VARCHAR(15), format VARCHAR(10), strongs BOOLEAN ); CREATE TABLE [bible_verses] ( [b] int(4) NULL, [c] int(4) NULL, [v] int(4) NULL, [t] text NULL, PRIMARY KEY ([b],[c],[v]) ); John Fouhy wrote: > > 2009/5/26 Eduardo Vieira : >> Now, a little farther on the topic of a Bible database. I'm not sure >> how I should proceed. I don't really have the db file I need, I will >> have to generate it somehow, from a bible software, because the >> version I want is for Portuguese. I have found a bible in sql, a bible >> in MS Access to give me some ideas on how to structure my database. >> But my question is do I really need a sql database for my need, since >> I will be only reading from it? Never adding or updating. One like >> sqlite. Would a pickled dictionary from Bible_reference to verse be >> faster? Should I work with anydbm? > > If you don't want to use a database, you should probably use the shelve > module. > > However, there is really no particular reason not to use a relational > database. It seems a solution fairly well suited to your problem. > Python has a database supplied these days: sqlite3. I suggest using > that, rather than MS Access. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Parsing-Bible-verses-tp23660711p24725020.html Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. From vinces1979 at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 21:18:04 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 13:18:04 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Issues with regex escaping on \{ In-Reply-To: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> References: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907291218y4dd1ec30h506eea1b543763a9@mail.gmail.com> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 11:35 AM, gpo wrote: > > My regex is being run in both Python v2.6 and v3.1 > For this example, I'll give one line. This lines will be read out of log > files. I'm trying to get the GUID for the User ID to query a database with > it, so I'd like a sub match. Here is the code > ----------------- > import re > line = '>Checking Privilege for UserId: > {88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: > {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF}. Returned hr = 0' > pUserID=re.compile('UserID: \{(.+)\}',re.I) #Sub match is one or more > characters between the first set of squigglies immediately following > 'UserID: ' > > #the output is: > (re.search(pUserID,line)).group(1) > '88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: > {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF' > ----------- > Why isn't the match terminating after it finds the first \} ? > -- > View this message in context: > http://www.nabble.com/Issues-with-regex-escaping-on-%5C%7B-tp24724060p24724060.html > Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > your grouping (.+) appears to be greedy, you can make it non-greedy with a question mark EX: pUserID=re.compile('UserID:\s+{(.+?)}',re.I) Vince -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Wed Jul 29 21:29:17 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 15:29:17 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] manipulating lists In-Reply-To: <50e459210907291055n6311813cvcac121646a8e579e@mail.gmail.com> References: <50e459210907291055n6311813cvcac121646a8e579e@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A70A30D.7010301@ieee.org> (You omitted a title, so I made one up. Hope it's okay) Chris Castillo wrote: > # Module demonstrates use of lists and set theory principles > > def Unite(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, join both into 1 new list > newList = [] > for item in set1: > newList.append(item) > for item in set2: > newList.append(item) > newList.sort() > return newList > > def Intersect(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, check for > commonalities, output commonalities to 1 new list > newList = [] > for item in set1: > if item in set1 and item in set2: > newList.append(item) > newList.sort() > return newList > > def Negate(set1, set2): # evaluate 2 lists, return negation of 1st list > newList = [] > for item in set1: > if item in set2: > set1.remove(item) > newList = set1 > return newList > > > could this be done in a more elegant fashion? > > Note: don't ever use tabs in source code. Use spaces to indent - preferably 4 each. If you accidentally mix spaces and tabs, you could have very mysterious bugs Just by inspection - untested code: #Use docstring. Use extend rather than append in loop. Use slice notation to make a copy of the items in the list def Unite(set1, set2): """ evaluate 2 lists, join both into 1 new list""" newList = set1[:] newList.extend(set2) return sorted(newList) def Intersect(set1, set2): """ evaluate 2 lists, check for commonalities, output commonalities to 1 new list""" newList = [] for item in set1: if item in set2: newList.append(item) return sorted(newList) #This one was buggy; it modified set1 in place, and returned another reference to it def Negate(set1, set2): """ evaluate 2 lists, items that are in first list, but not in second """ newList = set1[:] for item in set2: newList.remove(item) return newList #Question: did you mean to sort this one too? Now, could these be improved further? Absolutely. Using list comprehensions or similar techniques, some of these loops could be one-liners. But I'm guessing you're a beginner in Python, and it's more important that you get used to writing readable, robust code than clever code. One thing I do recommend, even at this stage, is to study set(). DaveA From bill at celestial.net Wed Jul 29 21:39:37 2009 From: bill at celestial.net (Bill Campbell) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:39:37 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Issues with regex escaping on \{ In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907291218y4dd1ec30h506eea1b543763a9@mail.gmail.com> References: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> <1e53c510907291218y4dd1ec30h506eea1b543763a9@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <20090729193937.GA26359@ayn.mi.celestial.com> On Wed, Jul 29, 2009, vince spicer wrote: >On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 11:35 AM, gpo wrote: > >> >> My regex is being run in both Python v2.6 and v3.1 >> For this example, I'll give one line. This lines will be read out of log >> files. I'm trying to get the GUID for the User ID to query a database with >> it, so I'd like a sub match. Here is the code >> ----------------- >> import re >> line = '>Checking Privilege for UserId: >> {88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: >> {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF}. Returned hr = 0' >> pUserID=re.compile('UserID: \{(.+)\}',re.I) #Sub match is one or more >> characters between the first set of squigglies immediately following >> 'UserID: ' >> >> #the output is: >> (re.search(pUserID,line)).group(1) >> '88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, PrivilegeId: >> {71AD2527-8494-4654-968D-FE61E9A6A9DF' >> ----------- >> Why isn't the match terminating after it finds the first \} ? ... >your grouping (.+) appears to be greedy, you can make it non-greedy with a >question mark As a general rule, it's a Good Idea(tm) to write regular expressions using the raw quote syntax. Instead of: re.compile('UserID: \{(.+)\}',...) Use: re.compile(r'UserID: \{(.+)\}',...) The alternative is to backwhack any special characters with an appropriate number if ``\'' characters, whatever that may be. Bill -- INTERNET: bill at celestial.com Bill Campbell; Celestial Software LLC URL: http://www.celestial.com/ PO Box 820; 6641 E. Mercer Way Voice: (206) 236-1676 Mercer Island, WA 98040-0820 Fax: (206) 232-9186 Skype: jwccsllc (206) 855-5792 Government is a broker in pillage, and every election is a sort of advance auction in stolen goods. -- H.L. Mencken From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Wed Jul 29 21:49:13 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 20:49:13 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function References: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Message-ID: "David" wrote > whenever I make use of the help() function, I have a good chance of > getting an error. I have not yet understood this tool very well. You need to import the module to maker the name visible > help(random) > help('operator') > > I figured this by trial and error, error mainly. What you are seeing is the help for the string 'operator' - which is the same as the help for any other string - the builtin string methods. Comparte it with >>> help('') HTH, -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Wed Jul 29 21:52:36 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 20:52:36 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function References: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Message-ID: > help('operator') > > I figured this by trial and error, and I am keen to find out when the Oops, always try before posting! And don;t assume... I juast vdid and you are right, it does give help on an unimported module! Sorry, how embarrassing! :-) Alan G From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Wed Jul 29 21:54:41 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 20:54:41 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] (no subject) References: <50e459210907291055n6311813cvcac121646a8e579e@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Chris Castillo" wrote ># Module demonstrates use of lists and set theory principles > > could this be done in a more elegant fashion? Yes use the Python set type. Alan G From wescpy at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 22:17:45 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 13:17:45 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Issues with regex escaping on \{ In-Reply-To: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> References: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907291317sc33403epb4bd55ffaed4c992@mail.gmail.com> in addition to the good advice from vince (watch out for greediness regardless of what you're looking for) and bill (use raw strings... regexes are one of their primary use cases!), another thing that may help with the greediness issue are the character sets you're using inside to match with. for example, if you know the string inside the curly braces, e.g., {88F96ED2-D471-DE11-95B6-0050569E7C88}, are numbers and letters and dashes, you can use "[\w-]+" which means one or more alphanumeric characters plus the dash. the use of ".+" is just *asking* for greedy gobbling up of characters like "}" because "." means match any single character. hope this helps! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From wescpy at gmail.com Wed Jul 29 22:27:23 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 13:27:23 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] implementing set operations [was Re: (no subject)] Message-ID: <78b3a9580907291327p36bf7bd7kaa2b2aa87db4a4eb@mail.gmail.com> > could this be done in a more elegant fashion? in addition to alan's obvious solution, if you wanted to roll your own, you have a good start. my comments below. > def Unite(set1, set2): ? ? ? ? ?# evaluate 2 lists, join both into 1 new list > ? ? ? ?newList = [] > ? ? ? ?for item in set1: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?newList.append(item) > ? ? ? ?for item in set2: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?newList.append(item) > ? ? ? ?newList.sort() > ? ? ? ?return newList - as a style point, use lowercase for all function and variable names. Capping the first letter is recommended only for class names. - changing it from "unite" to "union" would make it slightly more accurate - why the sort()? sets, are by default, unordered data structures... think of drawing its elements inside the circles in Venn diagrams. - if you do end up using Python sets, use the set() factory function in 2.x, i.e, newSet = set(set1) + set(set2); or set literals in Python 3.x, i.e., mySet = {1, 5, -4, 42}, if you have the exact elements > def Intersect(set1, set2): ? ? ? ? ? ? ?# evaluate 2 lists, check for > commonalities, output commonalities to 1 new list > ? ? ? ?newList = [] > ? ? ? ?for item in set1: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?if item in set1 and item in set2: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?newList.append(item) > ? ? ? ?newList.sort() > ? ? ? ?return newList - the "item in set1 and " in the if-statement is redundant. blow it away - i think you can build it using a listcomp > def Negate(set1, set2): ? ? ? ? # evaluate 2 lists, return negation of 1st list > ? ? ? ?newList = [] > ? ? ? ?for item in set1: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?if item in set2: > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?set1.remove(item) > ? ? ? ?newList = set1 > ? ? ? ?return newList - you probably don't want to call set1.remove(). lists are immutable, and you would've change the contents of set1. it's best if you made newList a copy of set1, i.e., newList = list(set1) or newList = set1[:], and *then* did your for-loop - better yet, use a list comp with an if to build newList to avoid all of the shenanigans i just described hope this helps! -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Core Python Programming", Prentice Hall, (c)2007,2001 "Python Fundamentals", Prentice Hall, (c)2009 http://corepython.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From wescpy at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 00:04:15 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 15:04:15 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] implementing set operations [was Re: (no subject)] In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907291327p36bf7bd7kaa2b2aa87db4a4eb@mail.gmail.com> References: <78b3a9580907291327p36bf7bd7kaa2b2aa87db4a4eb@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907291504i3ac5bea2h4b7c3f6bdf687aa3@mail.gmail.com> > - you probably don't want to call set1.remove(). lists are immutable, > and you would've change the contents of set1. sorry, make that "mutable." sets, dicts, and lists are standard Python types that are mutable. -wesley From amit.pureenergy at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 00:45:23 2009 From: amit.pureenergy at gmail.com (Amit Sethi) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 04:15:23 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] Currency conversion module in python Message-ID: Hi , Does anybody know of any currency conversion module in python -- A-M-I-T S|S From wescpy at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 10:06:33 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 01:06:33 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] how to join two different files In-Reply-To: <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> References: <2359.210.212.36.65.1247855827.squirrel@www.iisermohali.ac.in> <1c2a2c590907171327h57c2ce7fi7169d546f0b0663a@mail.gmail.com> <78b3a9580907171550t2325312cgc5d938b05e11a22e@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <78b3a9580907300106g60186af9jf33f118cc12e7efd@mail.gmail.com> >> Maybe you could break that up a bit? This is the tutor list, not a >> one-liner competition! > > rather than one-liners, we can try to create the most "Pythonic" solution. below's my entry. :-) > > myMac$ cat parafiles.py > #!/usr/bin/env python > > from itertools import izip > from os.path import exists > > def parafiles(*files): > ? ?vec = (open(f) for f in files if exists(f)) > ? ?data = izip(*vec) > ? ?[f.close() for f in vec] > ? ?return data > > for data in parafiles('fileA.txt', 'fileB.txt'): > ? ?print ' '.join(d.strip() for d in data) i proposed this problem as a code golfing competition to my co-workers, and after tweaking it slightly to take filenames from the command-line instead of as function parameters, i reduced my original solution to: from itertools import izip from os.path import exists from sys import argv vec = (open(f) for f in argv[1:] if exists(f)) for d in izip(*vec): print ' '.join(c.strip() for c in d) for f in vec: f.close() if this was a code golf competition, and i was more careless about leaking filehandles (or letting Python deal with it), i can actually reduce it to an ugly (yet elegant) 1-liner serving as an example of how *not* to code in production: print '\n'.join(' '.join(c.strip() for c in d) for d in izip(*(open(f) for f in argv[1:] if exists(f)))) note that the only list used here is sys.argv (using map() or [listcomp] creates lists which use memory... superfluous if only iterating across them once). anyway, please don't try this at work folks. :-) cheers, -- wesley - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - "Python Web Development with Django", Addison Wesley, (c) 2009 http://withdjango.com wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com python training and technical consulting cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca http://cyberwebconsulting.com From zebra05 at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 10:02:39 2009 From: zebra05 at gmail.com (OkaMthembo) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 10:02:39 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Currency conversion module in python In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: Hi Amit, this might be what you want..hopefully with a dollop of humor :) http://lmgtfy.com/?q=currency+conversion+module+in+python&l=1 Cheers On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 12:45 AM, Amit Sethi wrote: > Hi , Does anybody know of any currency conversion module in python > > -- > A-M-I-T S|S > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- Lloyd Dube -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From prasadaraon50 at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 10:39:15 2009 From: prasadaraon50 at gmail.com (prasad rao) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 14:09:15 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? Message-ID: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> hello I wanted to prevent other users of my computers to read my files. So tried to creat a module to achieve it. I used a flag to deside which methods to be called on the object. somehow it is not working.I realise after 2 days of struggle that as it is usuel , I am blind to my faults. I tested all the metheds except main() in idle interactively,found them working. So there is a bug in the main(), kan anyone point it out to me? #! usr/bin/env python import ast,random,os,zlib,string key=5 class Cripto(object): def __init__(self,afile): self.afile=afile def __digi(self,astring): y=[] for x in astring: y.append(ord(x)) y=str(y) return y def __undigi(self,astring): alist=ast.literal_eval(astring) y=[] for x in alist: y.append(chr(x)) astring=''.join(y) return astring def __gen_string(self): s='' nl=random.sample(string.ascii_letters,key) for x in nl:s+=x return s def __lengthen(self,astring): s=list(astring) ns='' for x in s: ns+=x ns+=gen_string() return ns def __shorten(self,astring): s=list(astring) ns='' for x in range(0,len(s),key+1): ns+=s[x] return ns def __compress(self,astring): astring=zlib.compress(astring) return astring def __decompress(self,astring): astring=zlib.decompress(astring) return astring def main(self): sorce=open(self.afile,'r') data=(sorce.readlines()) dest=open ((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),'w') if data[:1]=='flag1\n': ns='flag0\n' data=data[1:] for line in data: nl=__compress((__digi(__lengthen(line.strip()))))+'\n' ns+=nl dest.write(ns) elif data[:1]=='flag0\n': ns='flag1\n' data=data[1:] for line in data: nl=__decompress((__undigi(__shorten(line.strip()))))+'\n' ns+=nl dest.write(ns) sorce.close() dest.close() os.remove(self.afile) os.rename((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),self.afile) #======== a=Cripto('C:/pp.txt') a.main() <\code> -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From prasadaraon50 at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 15:49:53 2009 From: prasadaraon50 at gmail.com (prasad rao) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 19:19:53 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <9e3fac840907300649v9335345s867474a2ae311b05@mail.gmail.com> On 7/30/09, Rich Lovely wrote: > > 2009/7/30 prasad rao prasadaraon50 at gmail.com: >I'm sure there are modules available for PGP that are either part of > >the stdlib, or available from a quick google. PGP (or GPG) encryopts > I never know there is an encryption module in stdlib. What is its name? Prasad -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 16:11:42 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 09:11:42 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <9e3fac840907300649v9335345s867474a2ae311b05@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> <9e3fac840907300649v9335345s867474a2ae311b05@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907300711n6fdc0a64jb66c2b3407ef7c30@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 8:49 AM, prasad rao wrote: > > > On 7/30/09, Rich Lovely wrote: >> >> 2009/7/30 prasad rao prasadaraon50 at gmail.com: > > > > > >I'm sure there are modules available for PGP that are either part of >> >the stdlib, or available from a quick google. PGP (or GPG) encryopts >> > > I never know there is an encryption module in stdlib. > What is its name? > If you're only partially concerned (i.e. don't care about 'real' encryption) you can use some of the string library encryptions. def test_encod(mystr): mystr = str(mystr) print "%s zip encoded: %s" % (mystr, mystr.encode('zip')) print "%s rot13 encoded: %s" % (mystr, mystr.encode('rot13')) print "%s hex encoded: %s" % (mystr, mystr.encode('hex')) print "%s Base 64 encoded: %s" % (mystr, mystr.encode('base64')) In [41]: test_encode("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dogs") The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dogs zip encoded: x? ?HU(,?L?VH*?/?SH??P?*?-(V?/K-R(J?$VU*???l)M The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dogs rot13 encoded: Gur dhvpx oebja sbk whzcf bire gur ynml qbtf The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dogs hex encoded: 54686520717569636b2062726f776e20666f78206a756d7073206f76657220746865206c617a7920646f6773 The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dogs Base 64 encoded: VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wcyBvdmVyIHRoZSBsYXp5IGRvZ3M= So you could easily convert with encode and then reconvert with decode. Another option would be a simple XOR of your data ( from here: http://www.evanfosmark.com/2008/06/xor-encryption-with-python/ ) from itertools import izip, cycle def xor_crypt_string(data, key): return ''.join(chr(ord(x) ^ ord(y)) for (x,y) in izip(data, cycle(key))) On the page provided someone also gave their code that can encrypt files. Of course any of these methods presume you're just trying to keep the casual snoop from getting access to your data. Anyone with time/inclination/tools can go ahead and break most encryptions. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Thu Jul 30 17:02:46 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 11:02:46 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A71B616.6050200@ieee.org> prasad rao wrote: > hello > I wanted to prevent other users of my computers to read my files. > So tried to creat a module to achieve it. > I used a flag to deside which methods to be called on the object. > somehow it is not working.I realise after 2 days of struggle that > as it is usuel , I am blind to my faults. > I tested all the metheds except main() in idle interactively,found them > working. > So there is a bug in the main(), kan anyone point it out to me? > > > > > #! usr/bin/env python > > import ast,random,os,zlib,string > key=5 > class Cripto(object): > def __init__(self,afile): > self.afile=afile > def __digi(self,astring): > y=[] > for x in astring: > y.append(ord(x)) > y=str(y) > > return y > def __undigi(self,astring): > > alist=ast.literal_eval(astring) > y=[] > for x in alist: > y.append(chr(x)) > astring=''.join(y) > return astring > def __gen_string(self): > s='' > nl=random.sample(string.ascii_letters,key) > for x in nl:s+=x > return s > > def __lengthen(self,astring): > s=list(astring) > ns='' > for x in s: > ns+=x > ns+=gen_string() > return ns > def __shorten(self,astring): > > s=list(astring) > ns='' > for x in range(0,len(s),key+1): > ns+=s[x] > return ns > def __compress(self,astring): > astring=zlib.compress(astring) > return astring > def __decompress(self,astring): > astring=zlib.decompress(astring) > return astring > def main(self): > sorce=open(self.afile,'r') > data=(sorce.readlines()) > dest=open ((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),'w') > if data[:1]=='flag1\n': > ns='flag0\n' > data=data[1:] > for line in data: > nl=__compress((__digi(__lengthen(line.strip()))))+'\n' > ns+=nl > dest.write(ns) > elif data[:1]=='flag0\n': > ns='flag1\n' > data=data[1:] > for line in data: > nl=__decompress((__undigi(__shorten(line.strip()))))+'\n' > ns+=nl > dest.write(ns) > > sorce.close() > dest.close() > > os.remove(self.afile) > os.rename((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),self.afile) > > > #======== > a=Cripto('C:/pp.txt') > a.main() > > > <\code> > > First problem is the indentation. It won't compile as it is. I'll assume that was somehow a pasting error. Next problem is where you're comparing for 'flag1' Your line if data[:1] == 'flag1\n' is comparing a list on the left side to a string on the right. If it were me, I'd replace that test, and the similar one below it, with if data[0].rstrip()=='flag1': The reason for the rstrip() is to make it easier for a test harness, where it may be a pain to get the newlines on each line. Also, it's harder to spot a whitespace error. Next problem/question is whether this is only going to be used for files that happen to begin with a line flag1. If so, it should be documented as part of the code, along with all the other missing documentation/docstrings. That's as far as I went; I did not test the actual encoding logic But some free advice for next time: When you ask a question, please supply a compilable program, and either test data, or enough description that we can build such. And please tell us what the symptom is. "it is not working." is not very descriptive. DaveA From goodpotatoes at yahoo.com Wed Jul 29 21:47:57 2009 From: goodpotatoes at yahoo.com (gpo) Date: Wed, 29 Jul 2009 12:47:57 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Tutor] Issues with regex escaping on \{ In-Reply-To: <1e53c510907291218y4dd1ec30h506eea1b543763a9@mail.gmail.com> References: <24724060.post@talk.nabble.com> <1e53c510907291218y4dd1ec30h506eea1b543763a9@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <24726284.post@talk.nabble.com> Thanks! The ? got rid of the greediness! vince spicer wrote: > > On Wed, Jul 29, 2009 at 11:35 AM, gpo wrote: > > > your grouping (.+) appears to be greedy, you can make it non-greedy with a > question mark > > EX: > > pUserID=re.compile('UserID:\s+{(.+?)}',re.I) > > Vince > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > -- View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Issues-with-regex-escaping-on-%5C%7B-tp24724060p24726284.html Sent from the Python - tutor mailing list archive at Nabble.com. From ironhawk at hickorytech.net Thu Jul 30 16:36:00 2009 From: ironhawk at hickorytech.net (Randy Seys) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 09:36:00 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] Companion CD for Python Book Message-ID: <7E4C636A1E154FBF8DF7A66E004D22A7@prv1.mico.com> Hi, I recently purchased a used book with the title Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, Second Edition, by Michael Dawson. The book is supposed include a companion CD, but the CD is broken. I've already contacted the publisher for a replacement, but they were not able to help me. If someone has this CD, would it be possible for me to receive a zip file of the CD contents? Any other ideas on how I could get a copy of this CD? Thank you for any help you can pass my way. Regards, Randy S Mankato, MN -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From prasadaraon50 at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 18:32:17 2009 From: prasadaraon50 at gmail.com (prasad rao) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 22:02:17 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <4A71B616.6050200@ieee.org> References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> <4A71B616.6050200@ieee.org> Message-ID: <9e3fac840907300932v78690d6eke438f41acd62bfa6@mail.gmail.com> On 7/30/09, Dave Angel wrote: > > prasad rao wrote: > >> hello >> >> >"it is not working." is not very descriptive. >> >> >> DaveA >> > Hello! Sorry, I forgot to mention the problem. It simply wipes clean the file,resulting in empty file. Yes .I should compare with a string.Hope I will get it right with that correction. Thank you Wayne. I never know string module can be used for encryption. I will try all those methods(shown by you) in my module. Thank you all Prasad -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Thu Jul 30 19:29:59 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 13:29:59 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <9e3fac840907300932v78690d6eke438f41acd62bfa6@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> <4A71B616.6050200@ieee.org> <9e3fac840907300932v78690d6eke438f41acd62bfa6@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A71D897.2010402@ieee.org> prasad rao wrote: > On 7/30/09, Dave Angel wrote: > >> prasad rao wrote: >> >> >>> hello >>> >>> >>>> "it is not working." is not very descriptive. >>>> >>> DaveA >>> >>> >> Hello! Sorry, I forgot to mention the problem. >> > It simply wipes clean the file,resulting in empty file. > Yes .I should compare with a string.Hope I will get it > right with that correction. > > That's due to another bug in the main() method. You have an if, elif, but no else clause when you're checking the first line. So if you have a file that does *not* begin with the magic string, it'll get truncated. Probably not part of your spec. DaveA From steve at alchemy.com Thu Jul 30 19:57:29 2009 From: steve at alchemy.com (Steve Willoughby) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 10:57:29 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <333efb450907300711n6fdc0a64jb66c2b3407ef7c30@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907300139q5cd01e1es7c8dbff0f0952290@mail.gmail.com> <9e3fac840907300649v9335345s867474a2ae311b05@mail.gmail.com> <333efb450907300711n6fdc0a64jb66c2b3407ef7c30@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <20090730175729.GA91144@dragon.alchemy.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 09:11:42AM -0500, Wayne wrote: > If you're only partially concerned (i.e. don't care about 'real' encryption) > you can use some of the string library encryptions. Please don't get used to calling these "encryption". They have nothing at all to do with encrypting data. (Well, ROT13 does, I suppose, but not seriously). They are for "encoding" which is simply representing data in a different FORMAT. They do not encrypt data. Yes, people have actually tried "encrypting" passwords sent between browsers and web apps using base64 and suchlike. BIG mistake. You do say that somewhat, but I think using the word "encryption" or implying that these represent a casual level of encryption, is just leading to trouble. These are things a lot of people can decode in their heads. Libraries like the Python Cryptography Toolkit provide real encryption very easily if you need encryption. > Of course any of these methods presume you're just trying to keep the casual > snoop from getting access to your data. Anyone with time/inclination/tools > can go ahead and break most encryptions. In one line of code, you can convert a string to base64 or hex and get a string that would take anyone caring to about 2 seconds to reverse, using tools as simple as most text editors, python itself, or for that matter some network monitoring programs which might pick up that data in flight would just automatically decode that for you. However, in only another line or so of code, you can encrypt your data using AES or Blowfish or whatever, which would require highly specialized tools, extremely expensive equipment, and if you were not either a major government, independently wealthy and very motivated to get that data, it's not going to be broken. -- Steve Willoughby | Using billion-dollar satellites steve at alchemy.com | to hunt for Tupperware. From pine508 at hotmail.com Thu Jul 30 20:18:05 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 14:18:05 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Currency conversion module in python In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: Did you actually look at what happens when you click that link? (i.e. where you are brought to?). Because upon viewing this I achieved enlightenment! :D Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 10:02:39 +0200 From: zebra05 at gmail.com To: amit.pureenergy at gmail.com CC: tutor at python.org Subject: Re: [Tutor] Currency conversion module in python Hi Amit, this might be what you want..hopefully with a dollop of humor :) http://lmgtfy.com/?q=currency+conversion+module+in+python&l=1 Cheers On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 12:45 AM, Amit Sethi wrote: Hi , Does anybody know of any currency conversion module in python -- A-M-I-T S|S _______________________________________________ Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor -- Lloyd Dube _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? Hotmail?: Celebrate the moment with your favorite sports pics. Check it out. http://www.windowslive.com/Online/Hotmail/Campaign/QuickAdd?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_QA_HM_sports_photos_072009&cat=sports -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From marvboyes at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 21:19:55 2009 From: marvboyes at gmail.com (Marv Boyes) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 15:19:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable Message-ID: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> Hello, all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been able to find something that works. I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in the Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, I'm stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the resulting list of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the terminal. So when I do, say, 'print urls' I get something like this: http://server.com/thing1 http://server.com/thing2 http://server.com/thing3 And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list to a separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more explicit; something like this: Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 And so on. I know this should be extremely easy, but I appear to be having some manner of mental block. Any and all guidance would be greatly appreciated; many thanks in advance. From vinces1979 at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 21:28:07 2009 From: vinces1979 at gmail.com (vince spicer) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 13:28:07 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> Message-ID: <1e53c510907301228uee5b24crae0e823c6378ece0@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 1:19 PM, Marv Boyes wrote: > Hello, all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been able > to find something that works. > > I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in the > Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, I'm > stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the resulting list > of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the terminal. So when I do, say, > 'print urls' I get something like this: > > http://server.com/thing1 > http://server.com/thing2 > http://server.com/thing3 > > And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list to a > separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more explicit; > something like this: > > Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 > Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 > > And so on. I know this should be extremely easy, but I appear to be having > some manner of mental block. Any and all guidance would be greatly > appreciated; many thanks in advance. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > Hello, you could use a dictionary to assign a key value and a descrption, but without seeing some data this is very rough data = {} for line in response: key, value = response.split(",") # line is "myname, http://blah.com" data[key] = value #then later for key, value in data.items(): print "Link To %s : %s" % key, value -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From kent37 at tds.net Thu Jul 30 21:39:47 2009 From: kent37 at tds.net (Kent Johnson) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 15:39:47 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> Message-ID: <1c2a2c590907301239g52622080v9a13a0ae7304fdc8@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 3:19 PM, Marv Boyes wrote: > Hello, all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been able > to find something that works. > > I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in the > Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, I'm > stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the resulting list > of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the terminal. So when I do, say, > 'print urls' I get something like this: > > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/thing1 > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/thing2 > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/thing3 > > And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list to a > separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more explicit; > something like this: > > ? ? ? ?Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 > ? ? ? ?Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 It looks like your "list" of URLs is a string containing one URL per line. If you put it in an actual list, you can process it more flexibly. Something like urlList = urls.splitlines() for i, url in enumerate(urlList): print "Link to Thing%s: %s" % (i, url) Kent From marvboyes at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 22:26:11 2009 From: marvboyes at gmail.com (Marv Boyes) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 16:26:11 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <1c2a2c590907301239g52622080v9a13a0ae7304fdc8@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907301239g52622080v9a13a0ae7304fdc8@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A7201E3.10209@gmail.com> I'm very sorry; I should have been more explicit in what it is I'm working with. The response from the server consists of a pair of hashes and a list of URLs for doing different things with the file the hashes represent. So the full response is like this: file_hash delete_hash http://server.com/file_hash.ext http://server.com/file_hashA.ext http://server.com/file_hashB.ext http://server.com/file_hashC.ext http://server.com/delete/deletehash I'm hoping to assign each line of that response to a separate variable so I can format the output on a case-by-case basis, e.g.: direct_link = print "Direct link to file: %s' % direct_link -or- delete_file = print "Delete the file: %s' % delete_file I've got seven lines worth of server response, their order is significant, and I need to be able to present each value in an arbitrary way. I won't necessarily be presenting these values to the user in the same order they come in the server response. Some of the values I'll need to use elsewhere in the script to do other things, but it won't be necessary to present those values to the user. I'm not sure I'm even making sense to myself. Kent Johnson wrote: > On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 3:19 PM, Marv Boyes wrote: >> Hello, all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been able >> to find something that works. >> >> I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in the >> Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, I'm >> stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the resulting list >> of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the terminal. So when I do, say, >> 'print urls' I get something like this: >> >> http://server.com/thing1 >> http://server.com/thing2 >> http://server.com/thing3 >> >> And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list to a >> separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more explicit; >> something like this: >> >> Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 >> Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 > > It looks like your "list" of URLs is a string containing one URL per > line. If you put it in an actual list, you can process it more > flexibly. Something like > > urlList = urls.splitlines() > for i, url in enumerate(urlList): > print "Link to Thing%s: %s" % (i, url) > > Kent > From wescpy at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 22:36:40 2009 From: wescpy at gmail.com (wesley chun) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 13:36:40 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] Currency conversion module in python In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <78b3a9580907301336l47fbe772qd7752fff58cff5a0@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 11:18 AM, Che M wrote: > Did you actually look at what happens when you click that > link?? (i.e. where you are brought to?). > > Because upon viewing this I achieved enlightenment!? :D lucky you... i achieved recursion. :-) From jeremy.d.hoon at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 22:45:39 2009 From: jeremy.d.hoon at gmail.com (Jeremy Hoon) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 16:45:39 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <4A7201E3.10209@gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907301239g52622080v9a13a0ae7304fdc8@mail.gmail.com> <4A7201E3.10209@gmail.com> Message-ID: <3c1c0ef50907301345y661b7596t11f004bcc78e0c07@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 4:26 PM, Marv Boyes wrote: > I'm very sorry; I should have been more explicit in what it is I'm working > with. > > The response from the server consists of a pair of hashes and a list of URLs > for doing different things with the file the hashes represent. So the full > response is like this: > > ? ? ? ?file_hash > ? ? ? ?delete_hash > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/file_hash.ext > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/file_hashA.ext > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/file_hashB.ext > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/file_hashC.ext > ? ? ? ?http://server.com/delete/deletehash > > I'm hoping to assign each line of that response to a separate variable so I > can format the output on a case-by-case basis, e.g.: > > ? ? ? ?direct_link = > ? ? ? ?print "Direct link to file: %s' % direct_link > > ? ? ? ?-or- > > ? ? ? ?delete_file = > ? ? ? ?print "Delete the file: %s' % delete_file > > I've got seven lines worth of server response, their order is significant, > and I need to be able to present each value in an arbitrary way. I won't > necessarily be presenting these values to the user in the same order they > come in the server response. Some of the values I'll need to use elsewhere > in the script to do other things, but it won't be necessary to present those > values to the user. > > I'm not sure I'm even making sense to myself. > > > Kent Johnson wrote: >> >> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 3:19 PM, Marv Boyes wrote: >>> >>> Hello, all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been >>> able >>> to find something that works. >>> >>> I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in >>> the >>> Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, I'm >>> stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the resulting >>> list >>> of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the terminal. So when I do, >>> say, >>> 'print urls' I get something like this: >>> >>> ? ? ? http://server.com/thing1 >>> ? ? ? http://server.com/thing2 >>> ? ? ? http://server.com/thing3 >>> >>> And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list to >>> a >>> separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more explicit; >>> something like this: >>> >>> ? ? ? Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 >>> ? ? ? Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 >> >> It looks like your "list" of URLs is a string containing one URL per >> line. If you put it in an actual list, you can process it more >> flexibly. Something like >> >> urlList = urls.splitlines() >> for i, url in enumerate(urlList): >> ?print "Link to Thing%s: %s" % (i, url) >> >> Kent >> > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > Hi Marv, While I'm not convinced hard-coding variables to list items is the best solution here, you could achieve it with tuple unpacking: urllist = urls.split() # urllist should have three items in it, otherwise an exception is raised. # You will need to adapt this to the length of your list of urls. link_one,link_two,link_three = urllist print "the first link:", link_one print "the second link:", link_two Best, Jeremy From davea at ieee.org Thu Jul 30 23:13:22 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:13:22 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A720CF2.4070700@ieee.org> Marv Boyes wrote: > Hello, > all. This is probably embarrassingly basic, but I haven't been able to > find something that works. > > I'm working on a script that needs to manipulate a list (not 'list' in > the Python sense) of URLs returned in a server response. Right now, > I'm stripping the XML tags from that response and assigning the > resulting list of URLs to a variable so I can print it in the > terminal. So when I do, say, 'print urls' I get something like this: > > http://server.com/thing1 > http://server.com/thing2 > http://server.com/thing3 > > And so on. What I would _like_ to do is assign each line of that list > to a separate variable, so that I can format my output to be more > explicit; something like this: > > Link to Thing1: http://server.com/thing1 > Link to Thing2: http://server.com/thing2 > > And so on. I know this should be extremely easy, but I appear to be > having some manner of mental block. Any and all guidance would be > greatly appreciated; many thanks in advance. > > Usually, when people say they want to assign items from a list to separate variables, it's because they don't understand lists. But I'll give you several (untested) fragments, and see if one of them comes close to what you really want. Assuming URLs is your current list, and that it has exactly 3 items in it. here, there, everwhere = URLs will give you those three variables, each assigned to one of the URL strings print "Link to Thing1", URLs[0] print "Link to Thing2", URLs[1] print "Link to Thing3", URLs[2] lets you print them out individually, without wasting any separate assignments, or giving them explicit names for index, item in enumerate(URLs): print "Link to Thing%s" % index, item will print out your original request, and even work if you change the list to have 4 or 5 items HTH DaveA From quasipedia at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 23:31:47 2009 From: quasipedia at gmail.com (Mac Ryan) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 23:31:47 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Troubles with the mailing list. Message-ID: <1248989507.13327.33.camel@jabbar> Hi all, having seen a few people in the past days sending "trial messages" on the list I figured it out that I must not be the only one to experience problems with it. I even set up the "notification" feature that sends you an acknowledgement message when your mail is received from the server, but as a matter of facts, I did not even got that back for my previous message. I was just wondering if the list-owners are aware of the problem or not, and if anything can be done to fix it. Mac. PS: I also notice that some messages (quoted in replies) are not reaching my mbox or are reaching it after I got a reply to them. This could be a problem on my side though. Anybody experiencing similar issues? (I am using gmail, btw). From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 23:47:27 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 15:47:27 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Problems understanding control flow Message-ID: <9356b9f30907301447v25fb5232i1c2f7d4a6172e241@mail.gmail.com> Hello, list. I can't understand why the print statement is not printed with the operator '==', but is printed when using 'in'. Here's the code: #=== import csv bv = """NAME,BVADDRTELNO1,BVADDREMAIL Company1, 1234567788, this at that.com CompanyA, 1231234455, that at this.com CompanyC, 1011011111, new at this.com CompanyD, 2222222222, old at olde.com """ site = """Company,Email,Phone "Company3","nothing at nada.com","1234560000" "CompanyD","old at olde.com","2222222222" "Company1","this at that.com","1234567788" """ bv = bv.upper() # This is just to make the data more homogeneous and detect duplicates more easily site = site.upper() bvreader = csv.DictReader(bv.splitlines()) sitelist = csv.DictReader(site.splitlines()) bvreaderone = list(bvreader) # this does not work: for row in sitelist: for line in bvreaderone: if row['EMAIL'] == line['BVADDREMAIL']: print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] # but this does work: for row in sitelist: for line in bvreaderone: if row['EMAIL'] in line['BVADDREMAIL']: print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] #== Regards, Eduardo From sinistaminista at gmail.com Thu Jul 30 23:45:16 2009 From: sinistaminista at gmail.com (Tommie) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 15:45:16 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Companion CD for Python Book Message-ID: <380c570b0907301445u593f0bafu28c485b45556dbd3@mail.gmail.com> >Randy S wrote: >Hi, >I recently purchased a used book with the title >Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner, >Second Edition, by Michael Dawson. The book is >supposed include a companion CD, but the CD is >broken. I've already contacted the publisher for a >replacement, but they were not able to help me. If >someone has this CD, would it be possible for me to >receive a zip file of the CD contents? Any other >ideas on how I could get a copy of this CD? >Thank you for any help you can pass my way. >Regards, >Randy S >Mankato, MN I recall reading in an Amazon review last week that someone had similar trouble with this title and was unable to get help from the publisher, but the author was able to help after an email through his website. You may want to look that avenue up.-- Tommie "Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain - and most fools do." --Dale Carnegie -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From sander.sweers at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 00:49:39 2009 From: sander.sweers at gmail.com (Sander Sweers) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 00:49:39 +0200 Subject: [Tutor] Problems understanding control flow In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907301447v25fb5232i1c2f7d4a6172e241@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30907301447v25fb5232i1c2f7d4a6172e241@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: 2009/7/30 Eduardo Vieira : With == you are testing if the 2 values are exactly the same. So 'one' == 'one' will return True but 'one; == 'one two' will return False. With in you test if the value is part of a another value. So using the same value as above 'one' in 'one' will return True but 'one' in 'one two' will also return True as 'one' is part of the second string. The same logic applies to lists and dicts. 'one' == ['one', 'two'] will return False as the the 2 values are not exactly the same but 'one' in ['one', 'two'] will return True. > # this does not work: > for row in sitelist: > ? for line in bvreaderone: If you are getting unexpected results add in print statements to see what is the data that you are working with. I would add the below 2 print statements to see what you are now actually comparing. Same applies to the other working example. : print 'Value row['EMAIL'] is: %s' % row['EMAIL'] print 'Value of line['BVADDREMAIL'] is: %s' % line['BVADDREMAIL'] > ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] == line['BVADDREMAIL']: Here you are testing if the value of row['EMAIL'] is exactly the same as line['BVADDREMAIL']: which is not the case so the test returns False and the below print statement is not executed. > ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] > > # but this does work: > for row in sitelist: > ? for line in bvreaderone: > ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] in line['BVADDREMAIL']: Here you test if the value row['E_MAIL'] is part of line['BVADDREMAIL']:which is True. > ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] Someone did a way better job writing this down some time a go but can't find the post online. I hope you see now what the difference is between the 2. Greets Sander From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 01:56:21 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:56:21 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Problems understanding control flow In-Reply-To: References: <9356b9f30907301447v25fb5232i1c2f7d4a6172e241@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <9356b9f30907301656r1772acfen37fbc2f3decd8dae@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 4:49 PM, Sander Sweers wrote: > 2009/7/30 Eduardo Vieira : > > With == you are testing if the 2 values are exactly the same. So 'one' > == 'one' will return True but 'one; == 'one two' will return False. > > With in you test if the value is part of a another value. So using the > same value as above 'one' in 'one' will return True but 'one' in 'one > two' will also return True as 'one' is part of the second string. > > The same logic applies to lists and dicts. 'one' == ['one', 'two'] > will return False as the the 2 values are not exactly the same but > 'one' in ['one', 'two'] will return True. > >> # this does not work: >> for row in sitelist: >> ? for line in bvreaderone: > > If you are getting unexpected results add in print statements to see > what is the data that you are working with. I would add the below 2 > print statements to see what you are now actually comparing. Same > applies to the other working example. > : > ? ?print 'Value row['EMAIL'] is: %s' % row['EMAIL'] > ? ?print 'Value of line['BVADDREMAIL'] is: %s' % line['BVADDREMAIL'] > >> ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] == line['BVADDREMAIL']: > > Here you are testing if the value of row['EMAIL'] is exactly the same > as line['BVADDREMAIL']: which is not the case so the test returns > False and the below print statement is not executed. > >> ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] >> >> # but this does work: >> for row in sitelist: >> ? for line in bvreaderone: >> ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] in line['BVADDREMAIL']: > > Here you test if the value row['E_MAIL'] is part of > line['BVADDREMAIL']:which is True. > >> ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] > > Someone did a way better job writing this down some time a go but > can't find the post online. I hope you see now what the difference is > between the 2. Thanks for pointing out this, Sander. Yes, a print statement revealed the right after commas... In this case I should enable the option from the csv module to ignore such white spaces. Eduardo From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 01:57:41 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 17:57:41 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] Problems understanding control flow In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907301656r1772acfen37fbc2f3decd8dae@mail.gmail.com> References: <9356b9f30907301447v25fb5232i1c2f7d4a6172e241@mail.gmail.com> <9356b9f30907301656r1772acfen37fbc2f3decd8dae@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <9356b9f30907301657n1ce70896g5b1170dad08f6047@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 5:56 PM, Eduardo Vieira wrote: > On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 4:49 PM, Sander Sweers wrote: >> 2009/7/30 Eduardo Vieira : >> >> With == you are testing if the 2 values are exactly the same. So 'one' >> == 'one' will return True but 'one; == 'one two' will return False. >> >> With in you test if the value is part of a another value. So using the >> same value as above 'one' in 'one' will return True but 'one' in 'one >> two' will also return True as 'one' is part of the second string. >> >> The same logic applies to lists and dicts. 'one' == ['one', 'two'] >> will return False as the the 2 values are not exactly the same but >> 'one' in ['one', 'two'] will return True. >> >>> # this does not work: >>> for row in sitelist: >>> ? for line in bvreaderone: >> >> If you are getting unexpected results add in print statements to see >> what is the data that you are working with. I would add the below 2 >> print statements to see what you are now actually comparing. Same >> applies to the other working example. >> : >> ? ?print 'Value row['EMAIL'] is: %s' % row['EMAIL'] >> ? ?print 'Value of line['BVADDREMAIL'] is: %s' % line['BVADDREMAIL'] >> >>> ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] == line['BVADDREMAIL']: >> >> Here you are testing if the value of row['EMAIL'] is exactly the same >> as line['BVADDREMAIL']: which is not the case so the test returns >> False and the below print statement is not executed. >> >>> ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] >>> >>> # but this does work: >>> for row in sitelist: >>> ? for line in bvreaderone: >>> ? ? ? if row['EMAIL'] in line['BVADDREMAIL']: >> >> Here you test if the value row['E_MAIL'] is part of >> line['BVADDREMAIL']:which is True. >> >>> ? ? ? ? ? print line['NAME'], row['COMPANY'] >> >> Someone did a way better job writing this down some time a go but >> can't find the post online. I hope you see now what the difference is >> between the 2. > Thanks for pointing out this, Sander. Yes, a print statement revealed > the right after commas... In this case I should enable the option from > the csv module to ignore such white spaces. > > Eduardo > I meant a print statement revealed the extra space right after commas... From davea at ieee.org Fri Jul 31 02:46:42 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Thu, 30 Jul 2009 20:46:42 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] Assigning each line of text to a separate variable In-Reply-To: <4A7201E3.10209@gmail.com> References: <4A71F25B.5030208@gmail.com> <1c2a2c590907301239g52622080v9a13a0ae7304fdc8@mail.gmail.com> <4A7201E3.10209@gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A723EF2.6070001@ieee.org> Marv Boyes wrote: > I'm very > sorry; I should have been more explicit in what it is I'm working with. > > The response from the server consists of a pair of hashes and a list > of URLs for doing different things with the file the hashes represent. > So the full response is like this: > > file_hash > delete_hash > http://server.com/file_hash.ext > http://server.com/file_hashA.ext > http://server.com/file_hashB.ext > http://server.com/file_hashC.ext > http://server.com/delete/deletehash > > I'm hoping to assign each line of that response to a separate variable > so I can format the output on a case-by-case basis, e.g.: > > direct_link = > print "Direct link to file: %s' % direct_link > > -or- > > delete_file = > print "Delete the file: %s' % delete_file > > I've got seven lines worth of server response, their order is > significant, and I need to be able to present each value in an > arbitrary way. I won't necessarily be presenting these values to the > user in the same order they come in the server response. Some of the > values I'll need to use elsewhere in the script to do other things, > but it won't be necessary to present those values to the user. > > I'm not sure I'm even making sense to myself. > > Assuming the server response is in a single string, which consists of 7 strings separated by newlines. response = server_getdata(....) responseList = response.splitlines() file_hash, delete_hash, direct_link, other_link, other_link3, other_link4, delete_file = responseList DaveA From prasadaraon50 at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 06:29:54 2009 From: prasadaraon50 at gmail.com (prasad rao) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 09:59:54 +0530 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? Message-ID: <9e3fac840907302129g76731d05s661441f3058972f1@mail.gmail.com> hello I removed the bugs.But still getting error report. >>import mcript Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in import mcript File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 78, in a.main() File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 58, in main nl=__compress(__digi(__lengthen(line.strip())))+'\n' NameError: global name '_Cripto__compress' is not defined There is no string '_Cripto__compress' any whare in the script. So I dont know what corrections Ineed to make in the script. I am giving my code below again again . #! usr/bin/env python import ast,random,os,zlib,string key=5 class Cripto(object): def __init__(self,afile): self.afile=afile def __digi(self,astring): y=[] for x in astring: y.append(ord(x)) y=str(y) return y def __undigi(self,astring): alist=ast.literal_eval(astring) y=[] for x in alist: y.append(chr(x)) astring=''.join(y) return astring def __gen_string(self): s='' nl=random.sample(string.ascii_letters,key) for x in nl:s+=x return s def __lengthen(self,astring): s=list(astring) ns='' for x in s: ns+=x ns+=gen_string() return ns def __shorten(self,astring): s=list(astring) ns='' for x in range(0,len(s),key+1): ns+=s[x] return ns def __compress(self,astring): astring=zlib.compress(astring) return astring def __decompress(self,astring): astring=zlib.decompress(astring) return astring def main(self): sorce=open(self.afile,'r') data=(sorce.readlines()) dest=open((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),'w') if (data[0]).strip()=='flag1': ns='flag0\n' data=data[1:] for line in data: nl= __compress(__digi(__lengthen(line.strip())))+'\n' ns+=nl dest.write(ns) elif data[0].strip()=='flag0': ns='flag1\n' data=data[1:] for line in data: nl= __shorten((__undigi(__decompress(line.strip()))))+'\n' ns+=nl dest.write(ns) else:prind 'File does not begin with the flag' sorce.close() dest.close() os.remove(self.afile) os.rename((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),self.afile) #======== a=Cripto('C:/pp.txt') a.main() <\code> -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From srilyk at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 07:16:43 2009 From: srilyk at gmail.com (Wayne) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 00:16:43 -0500 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <9e3fac840907302129g76731d05s661441f3058972f1@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907302129g76731d05s661441f3058972f1@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <333efb450907302216u45fd1fdehceb6bfeb25b50d6e@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 30, 2009 at 11:29 PM, prasad rao wrote: > hello > I removed the bugs.But still getting error report. > > > >>import mcript > > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in > import mcript > File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 78, in > a.main() > File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 58, in main > That line tells you where the problem is > nl=__compress(__digi(__lengthen(line.strip())))+'\n' > That's the code that produced the error > NameError: global name '_Cripto__compress' is not defined > You're trying to call a method __compress which doesn't exist. self.__compress exists, but __compress doesn't. HTH, Wayne -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From davea at ieee.org Fri Jul 31 12:26:55 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 06:26:55 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] flag to call methods on objects? In-Reply-To: <9e3fac840907302129g76731d05s661441f3058972f1@mail.gmail.com> References: <9e3fac840907302129g76731d05s661441f3058972f1@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A72C6EF.4030506@ieee.org> prasad rao wrote: > hello > I removed the bugs.But still getting error report. > > > >>> import mcript >>> > > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in > import mcript > File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 78, in > a.main() > File "C:\Python26\mcript.py", line 58, in main > nl=__compress(__digi(__lengthen(line.strip())))+'\n' > NameError: global name '_Cripto__compress' is not defined > > There is no string '_Cripto__compress' any whare in the script. > > So I dont know what corrections Ineed to make in the script. > > I am giving my code below again again . > > > > #! usr/bin/env python > > import ast,random,os,zlib,string > key=5 > class Craipto(object): > def __init__(self,afile): > self.afile=afile > def __digi(self,astring): > y=[] > for x in astring: > y.append(ord(x)) > y=str(y) > > return y > def __undigi(self,astring): > > alist=ast.literal_eval(astring) > y=[] > for x in alist: > y.append(chr(x)) > astring=''.join(y) > return astring > def __gen_string(self): > s='' > nl=random.sample(string.ascii_letters,key) > for x in nl:s+=x > return s > > def __lengthen(self,astring): > s=list(astring) > ns='' > for x in s: > ns+=x > ns+=gen_string() > return ns > def __shorten(self,astring): > > s=list(astring) > ns='' > for x in range(0,len(s),key+1): > ns+=s[x] > return ns > def __compress(self,astring): > astring=zlib.compress(astring) > return astring > def __decompress(self,astring): > astring=zlib.decompress(astring) > return astring > def main(self): > sorce=open(self.afile,'r') > data=(sorce.readlines()) > dest=open((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),'w') > if (data[0]).strip()=='flag1': > > ns='flag0\n' > data=data[1:] > for line in data: > nl= __compress(__digi(__lengthen(line.strip())))+'\n' > ns+=nl > dest.write(ns) > elif data[0].strip()=='flag0': > ns='flag1\n' > data=data[1:] > for line in data: > nl= __shorten((__undigi(__decompress(line.strip()))))+'\n' > ns+=nl > dest.write(ns) > else:prind 'File does not begin with the flag' > > sorce.close() > dest.close() > > os.remove(self.afile) > os.rename((os.path.split(self.afile)[0]+os.sep+'temp'),self.afile) > > > #======== > a=Cripto('C:/pp.txt') > a.main() > > <\code> > > I still see four problems. Your runtime error occurs because you omitted the "self" on the call to self.__compress(). In fact, you omit it nearly everywhere. Without it, Python will look for a global name, which doesn't exist. Second problem is that you spelled "print" as "prind" in your else clause. Third is that when you do detect that the file doesn't begin properly, you still truncate the file to nothing. The else clause should be roughly: else: print "File is malformed, no signature at beginning" sorce.close() dest.close() os.remove( the temp file ) return Fourth is that you're separating the "lines" of the encoded file with a newline character, but I suspect that zlib.compress makes no promises about avoiding that character(0a). If I'm right, you'll need another approach. Either escape the byte sequence in __compress(), or use a count instead of a separator. In either case, you'll need binary mode for that part of the file I/O, if you want to be able to run on Windows. There are a few other comments I could make about the code. First, why did you make it a class? Perhaps your last language was Java, which forces you into that particular paradigm? You never use self in any of the methods except for __init__() and main(). And once main() is finished, you now longer need the object. That should tell you that you could make them all regular functions, and pass the filename directly to main(). Next, why the double-underscore prefix on most of the methods? The only effect that has on execution is that the error message shows a "mangled" version of the function name. When it's a global, it mangles it with the module name (_Cripto__compress), and when it's a method, it uses the class name. DaveA From rdmoores at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 14:06:53 2009 From: rdmoores at gmail.com (Dick Moores) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 05:06:53 -0700 Subject: [Tutor] How to use Python 2.6 with IDLE? In-Reply-To: References: <829301.66121.qm@web86707.mail.ird.yahoo.com> <4A6EC2D7.2080006@ieee.org> Message-ID: Finally, success! Thanks to help from the Ulipad list. Python is built on wxPython. I upgraded wxPython to v2.8. Then found that even with 2.8 I was getting an error saying that I didn't have the comtypes module. After downloading and installing comtypes I now have Ulipad's shell running 2.6.2 and also Ulipad running scripts within Ulipad written in 2.6.2. See , which shows the Ulipad's shell window on the left, executing correctly a bit of code using a new 2.6 feature, and also the "Messages" window showing the correct output of the script 26.py . I call Ulipad with a Win XP shortcut, . The contents of the "Target:" textbox is "E:\Python26\pythonw.exe E:\Programs\Ulipad3.7\Ulipad.pyw" (no quotes). Dick Moores From ldl08 at gmx.net Fri Jul 31 16:09:02 2009 From: ldl08 at gmx.net (David) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 22:09:02 +0800 Subject: [Tutor] concerning help() function In-Reply-To: References: <4A6FEC57.10103@gmx.net> Message-ID: <4A72FAFE.70004@gmx.net> Thanks to you all -- good stuff, as always! David Alan Gauld wrote: >> help('operator') >> >> I figured this by trial and error, and I am keen to find out when the > > Oops, always try before posting! And don;t assume... > > I juast vdid and you are right, it does give help on an unimported > module! > > Sorry, how embarrassing! :-) > > Alan G > > > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist - Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 17:15:38 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 09:15:38 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python In-Reply-To: References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> Message-ID: <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> On Thu, Jul 23, 2009 at 1:24 PM, Che M wrote: > > >> Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2009 14:05:36 +0800 >> From: ldl08 at gmx.net >> To: Tutor at python.org >> Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python >> >> Dear List, >> >> in order to memorize which Python sequences are mutable or immutable, I >> focused on the SHAPE of the brackets that are associated with each type >> of sequence. >> >> For instance, a *list* is characterised by square brackets, []. >> My mnemonic device to memorize that lists are mutable is this: "the >> brackets have sharp edges, they could be trimmed, taking their edges off". >> >> The same thing happens with *dictionaries* (which, okay, are not >> sequences). Anyway, their brackets, {}, have sharp edges, hence they are >> mutable. >> >> *Tuples*, in turn, have perfectly 'round' brackets, (), and these >> brackets obviously can't be improved upon by taking anything off them. >> Hence: tuples are immutable. >> >> That leaves us with *strings*, which are also not mutable. Here we have >> no brackets, and this particular mnemonic device breaks down. >> >> What I am interested in is finding out whether you use similar >> techniques, and if so, which ones? How, for examples, do you make sense >> of all those special characters that make regular expressions powerful? >> Do you rely on rote learning, or do you employ some other technique? >> >> I reckon that if we could come up with some tips and techniques as to >> how to uncloud the thick information fog that any beginning programmer >> has to wade through, the very first steps in learning Python could be >> made more easy. >> >> What insights can you share? > Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are false, the last is false, etc? I find it so hard to remember that... Eduardo From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Fri Jul 31 18:09:48 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 17:09:48 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Eduardo Vieira" wrote > Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean > results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are > false, the last is false, etc? Hmm, I don't try to remember those, I just work it out based on the meaning. A and B is true only if both A and B are True A or B is true if either A or B is True. Thats it really, what's to remember? I guess for a non native English speaker it might be more difficult because you need to translate and/or into the native language? But I assume every language has an equivalent for both of those concepts? In hardware engineering its more complex because you have nand and nor gates to deal with too, but they don't apply in software - at least not directly. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ From robert.lummis at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 18:27:37 2009 From: robert.lummis at gmail.com (Robert Lummis) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 12:27:37 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python In-Reply-To: References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <71d330f00907310927s534f1030j40ebdaad3c970fd5@mail.gmail.com> Understand that "if A or B" is short for the phrase "if either A or B is true", or more fully "if A is true or B is true". When I add "is true" then the logic seems obvious to me without memorizing anything. Likewise, "if A and B" means "if A and B are both true", which is the same as "if A is true and B is true". On Fri, Jul 31, 2009 at 12:09 PM, Alan Gauld wrote: > > "Eduardo Vieira" wrote > >> Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean >> results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are >> false, the last is false, etc? > > Hmm, I don't try to remember those, I just work it out based on the meaning. > A and B is true only if both A and B are True > A or B is true if either A or B is True. > > Thats it really, what's to remember? > > I guess for a non native English speaker it might be more difficult because > you need to translate and/or into the native language? > But I assume every language has an equivalent for both of those concepts? > > In hardware engineering its more complex because you have nand and nor gates > to deal with too, but they don't apply in software - at least not directly. > > > -- > Alan Gauld > Author of the Learn to Program web site > http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ > > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > -- Robert Lummis From davea at ieee.org Fri Jul 31 19:51:30 2009 From: davea at ieee.org (Dave Angel) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 13:51:30 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python In-Reply-To: <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <4A732F22.8090409@ieee.org> Eduardo Vieira wrote: > > > Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean > results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are > false, the last is false, etc? > I find it so hard to remember that... > Eduardo > > I don't blame you for finding it hard to remember. The English language (and probably most others, but I wouldn't know) lets people abuse these meanings, but programming insists you get it right. If you think of 0 for False, and 1 for True, then or is plus a sum is nonzero if a is 1 or if b is 1 (or both) and is times a product is only nonzero if both a and b are 1 xor is minus a difference is zero only if a is the same as b (both True, or both False) In simple electrical circuitry, 'or' is switches in parallel, 'and' is switches in series. In programming terms, and is nested ifs, while or is two ifs at the same level, either of which does the same thing. def and(a, b): if a: if b: print "this is the and of the two" return True else: return False def or(a, b): if a: print "this is the or" return True if b: print "this is the or" return True return False DaveA From pine508 at hotmail.com Fri Jul 31 20:27:57 2009 From: pine508 at hotmail.com (Che M) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 14:27:57 -0400 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python In-Reply-To: References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: > To: tutor at python.org > From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com > Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 17:09:48 +0100 > Subject: Re: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python > > > "Eduardo Vieira" wrote > > > Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean > > results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are > > false, the last is false, etc? > > Hmm, I don't try to remember those, I just work it out based on > the meaning. > > A and B is true only if both A and B are True > A or B is true if either A or B is True. > > Thats it really, what's to remember? I tend to agree, but since he asked for a mnemonic... What Python Needs to Return a Boolean AND: Both I demand! OR: One or more. So, if A and B are False: [think "Both I demand...are False") if A or B are False: [think "One or more...are False") if A and B are True: [think "Both I demand...are True") etc. Che _________________________________________________________________ Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Store, access, and share your photos. See how. http://windowslive.com/Online/SkyDrive?ocid=TXT_TAGLM_WL_CS_SD_photos_072009 -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: From eduardo.susan at gmail.com Fri Jul 31 20:42:58 2009 From: eduardo.susan at gmail.com (Eduardo Vieira) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 12:42:58 -0600 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python In-Reply-To: References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net> <9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: <9356b9f30907311142k3375c1a5t7702953014b4c5c6@mail.gmail.com> On Fri, Jul 31, 2009 at 12:27 PM, Che M wrote: > > >> To: tutor at python.org >> From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com >> Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 17:09:48 +0100 >> Subject: Re: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python >> >> >> "Eduardo Vieira" wrote >> >> > Hello, would anybody have a good memorization technique for boolean >> > results? Like when using 'or'/'and' what it returns when both are >> > false, the last is false, etc? >> >> Hmm, I don't try to remember those, I just work it out based on >> the meaning. >> >> A and B is true only if both A and B are True >> A or B is true if either A or B is True. >> >> Thats it really, what's to remember? > > I tend to agree, but since he asked for a mnemonic... > > What Python Needs to Return a Boolean > AND:? Both I demand! > OR:??? One or more. > > So, > > if A and B are False: > ?[think "Both I demand...are False") > if A or B are False: > ?[think "One or more...are False") > if A and B are True: > ?[think "Both I demand...are True") > etc. > > Che > > > ________________________________ > Windows Live? SkyDrive?: Store, access, and share your photos. See how. > _______________________________________________ > Tutor maillist ?- ?Tutor at python.org > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor > > It's not that it's so hard, but I still have to stop and think for a while... "humm, how's that?" Like in the IDLE 2 and 4 and 0 Result: 0 2 and 4 and 5 Result: 5 2 and 0 and 6 Result: 0 So, what I need to memorize is that with AND, if there's a false item, then that false is returned, otherwise the last one is returned With OR, the first one is returned if true, otherwise, the next "true" value is returned 2 or 3 or 0 Result: 2 2 or 0 or 3 Result: 2 0 or 2 or 3 Result: 2 0 or '' or 4 Result: 4 Do you see how this can demand a little more of brainwork? Eduardo From alan.gauld at btinternet.com Fri Jul 31 20:51:10 2009 From: alan.gauld at btinternet.com (Alan Gauld) Date: Fri, 31 Jul 2009 19:51:10 +0100 Subject: [Tutor] mnemonics to better learn Python References: <4A67FDB0.50502@gmx.net><9356b9f30907310815r73b66b15h16fb539f71077088@mail.gmail.com> <9356b9f30907311142k3375c1a5t7702953014b4c5c6@mail.gmail.com> Message-ID: "Eduardo Vieira" wrote > Like in the IDLE > 2 and 4 and 0 > Result: 0 Ah! Now I see. Its the results of short-circuit evaluation you want a nmemonic for, not the and/or logic itself I agree thats much harder to figure out, you do kind of have to work through the tests until the first failure for and or the first success for or. It might be cute to have an aide d'memoire for that. -- Alan Gauld Author of the Learn to Program web site http://www.alan-g.me.uk/

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