From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 16:09:24 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 21:09:24 +0100
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>

danielx wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
[...]
>>Yes, but it is the line "tok = ''" that seems to cause tok to be now a
>>variable of the inner function's scope (rather than the variable tok of
>>breakLine).
> 
> 
> OHH! Yes, that sounds like it could be it. Wow, to me, that behavior is
> eXtremely unexpected (there's lisp popping up its ugly head again :P).
> So you're saying that because an assignment to tok appears later within
> the def for addTok, that the line if len(tok) won't try to look in
> enclosing local scopes? (If such things even exist...)
> 
> Gerhard's reply sounded not so confident. Can we have someone who
> "really" knows weigh in on this? Thanks!
> 
Would I do? If there's a binding to a name *anywhere* in the function's 
body then that name is treated as local to the function. This is a 
matter of static analysis, and is irrespective of where in the body the 
assignment is found.

Of course, you could always test this yourself in interactive mode ...

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 18:48:01 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:48:01 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<7xbqr6lp9e.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<m7azg.1566$W93.336@dukeread05>
	<7x8xmavhj3.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <WIazg.1570$W93.502@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> I'm just using Python to prototype, so I cannot use any of these great
>> features of the language.
> 
> I think when writing a prototype, you should use whatever features you
> want, except maybe at the upper levels of program organization.  The
> idea of prototyping is to get something done quickly, that you can use
> for integration and user testing earlier in the development cycle.  So
> you should use whatever Python features are available to make
> prototyping faster.  You shouldn't expect the prototype code to
> closely match the final C code, if that slows you down.  If you want
> code that closely resembles C code, you might as well write in C
> directly.


Some truth in that.

Thanks,

Philippe



From heuristic at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 08:41:24 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 13:41:24 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607030541r72730360u805041634101878e@mail.gmail.com>

Hey there.

I was wondering whether Python had any support out-of-the-box for
database functionality, or database-like functionality.

For instance a lot of shared hosts have Python installed, but not the
MySQL extension, the flexible of these would install it, but most of
the time they wouldn't bother.

I was really looking for something like SQLite which ships bundled
with PHP these days. Or any standard way of connecting to generic
databases out of the box, i.e. MySQL.


Thanks for reading.
Alex Biddle.


From mail at microcorp.co.za  Fri Jul 28 02:40:24 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:40:24 +0200
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org><1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<fhthc2he1bdo025ms2ugk6ct2skbhq6cr1@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <000301c6b213$84f04760$03000080@hendrik>

"Dennis Lee Bieber" <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> Wrote:

| On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:17:56 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall"
| <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
|
| > Ah, alright, I think I understand, so threading works well for sharing
| > python objects.  Would a scenario for this be something like a a job
| > queue (say Queue.Queue) for example.  This is a situation in which each
| > process/thread needs access to the Queue to get the next task it must
| > work on.  Does that sound right?  Would the same apply to multiple
| > threads needed access to a dictionary? list?
| >
| Python's Queue module is only (to my knowledge) an internal
| (thread-shared) communication channel; you'd need something else to work
| IPC -- VMS mailboxes, for example (more general than UNIX pipes with
| their single reader/writer concept)
|
| > "shared memory" mean something more low-level like some bits that don't
| > necessarily mean anything to python but might mean something to your
| > application?
| >
| Most OSs support creation and allocation of memory blocks with an
| attached name; this allows multiple processes to map that block of
| memory into their address space. The contents of said memory block is
| totally up to application agreements (won't work well with Python native
| objects).
|
| mmap()
|
| is one such system. By rough description, it maps a disk file into a
| block of memory, so the OS handles loading the data (instead of, say,
| file.seek(somewhere_long) followed by file.read(some_data_type) you
| treat the mapped memory as an array and use x = mapped[somewhere_long];
| if somewhere_long is not yet in memory, the OS will page swap that part
| of the file into place). The "file" can be shared, so different
| processes can map the same file, and thereby, the same memory contents.
|
| This can be useful, for example, with multiple identical processes
| feeding status telemetry. Each process is started with some ID, and the
| ID determines which section of mapped memory it is to store its status
| into. The controller program can just do a loop over all the mapped
| memory, updating a display with whatever is current -- doesn't matter if
| process_N manages to update a field twice while the monitor is
| scanning... The display always shows the data that was current at the
| time of the scan.
|
| Carried further -- special memory cards can (at least they were
| where I work) be obtained. These cards have fiber-optic connections. In
| a closely distributed system, each computer has one of these cards, and
| the fiber-optics link them in a cycle. Each process (on each computer)
| maps the memory of the card -- the cards then have logic to relay all
| memory changes, via fiber, to the next card in the link... Thus, all the
| closely linked computers "share" this block of memory.

This is nice to share inputs from the real world - but there are some hairy
issues if it is to be used for general purpose consumption - unless there are
hardware restrictions to stop machines stomping on each other's memories - i.e.
the machines have to be *polite* and *well behaved* - or you can easily have a
major smash...
A structure has to agreed on, and respected...

 - Hendrik




From valpassing at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:57:53 2006
From: valpassing at gmail.com (valpa)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:57:53 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151920673.305615.187210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I don't care about security issue by now :), because every one in my
compony know the username/password. It's a shared password. I just want
to login into Unix boxes in an efficiently. so I needn't open a xterm
console and type telent ..... usr/pwd for a unix box, and open another
xterm, type telnet ...usr/pwd, and so on...


Nicko wrote:
> placid wrote:
> > Jim Segrave wrote:
> > > In article <1151814697.201988.17140 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
> > > valpa <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > >I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> > > >telnet on to them and configure them.
> > > >It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> > > >each server.
> > >
> > > Don't use telnet. it's clumsy and has security issues.
> >
> > if youre behind a firewall then it shouldnt matter.
>
> No, no, no!  If you have 20 unix servers then this is likely not a tiny
> company.  Most security breaches (according to the FBI/CSI computer
> crime survey) are perpetrated by insiders.  If you log in using telnet,
> and have to enter passwords that allow configurations to be changed,
> then anyone on the local net can get those passwords.  Use SSH instead.
>  Even SSH with passwords is hugely more secure than telnet.
> 
> Nicko



From rdjdvd at inwind.it  Tue Jul  4 11:09:19 2006
From: rdjdvd at inwind.it (.)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:09:19 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7760.1152006161.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7760.1152006161.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152025758.451448.69410@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi Terry.

I see:
http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/news.html
"...by translating RPython to Javascript..."

It isn't an implementation.

--
JavaScript implementation of Python
http://groups.google.it/group/JSython/


Terry Hancock ha scritto:

> . wrote:
>
> >  What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?
> >
> >  -- JavaScript implementation of Python
> >  http://groups.google.it/group/JSython/
>
> Follow the PyPy link.  The other replies were about increasing
> execution speed, not ease of implementation.
>
> Implement the "RPython" part in Javascript, then use
> the PyPy project to fill in the rest?  That way, you don't
> even have to maintain most of it.
>
> http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/news.html
>
> Cheers,
> Terry
>
>
> --
> Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
> Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:12:37 -0700
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	CANADA VISA, AUSTRALIA VISA , immigration, VISA Sponsorship, USA VISA
Message-ID: <1151932357.876857.102000@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

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From iainking at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 04:37:46 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:37:46 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153324175.358568.294920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153323649.171612.74510@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153324175.358568.294920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153384665.921378.313450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> Iain, thanks - very helpful.
>
> Really I'm trying to write a simulation program that goes through a
> number of objects that are linked to one another and does calculations
> at each object. The calculations might be backwards or fowards (i.e.
> starting at the supply or demand ends of the system and then working
> through the objects). And also, I might have multiple objects linked to
> a single object (upstream or downstream) - e.g. compressor -- multiple
> combusters - turbine
>
> I like your idea of using something like a setStreams method to
> establish the linking. The streams do reflect each other, although
> having many-to-one and vice versa will complicate that. I have not
> quite got my head around having multiple links. In C++ I would be
> thinking about something like a linked-list but I'm not sure that's the
> right approach here.
>
> Dave

You don't need linked-lists : python has a list type built in.
Example:

class Component():

    upstream = []
    downstream = []

    def addUpstream(self, c):
        self.upstream.append(c)
        if not self in c.downstream:
            c.addDownstream(self)

    def addDownstream(self, c):
        self.downstream.append(c)
        if not self in c.upstream:
            c.addUpstream(self)

    def remUpstream(self, c):
        c.downstream.remove(self)
        self.upstream.remove(c)

    def remDownstream(self, c):
        c.upstream.remove(self)
        self.downstream.remove(c)

    def cascadeDownTest(self):
        print self
        # this could run forever if you connect components in a circle:
        for c in self.downstream:
            c.cascadeDownTest() 

Iain



From jemejones at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 08:57:55 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:57:55 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
In-Reply-To: <rv19b2l77e7e3tl0rt2s0cosa8kb84rfbl@4ax.com>
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<rv19b2l77e7e3tl0rt2s0cosa8kb84rfbl@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152709075.269514.151720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 11 Jul 2006 06:45:42 -0700, dbandler at gmail.com declaimed the
> following in comp.lang.python:
>
> 	Could it be that the SERVER is limiting things to 5
> concurrent/parallel connections from any single IP?
>
> 	I know I've encountered sites that only allowed two FTP downloads at
> a time...

This is what I was starting to think as well.  The only thing that
looked funky with the OP's code was that it looked like he was writing
everything to a filename of "" (unless he's intentionally modified his
code to not show where he's setting that).

- Jeremy M. Jones



From durumdara at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 03:57:15 2006
From: durumdara at gmail.com (Durumdara)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 09:57:15 +0200
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
In-Reply-To: <8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <9e384ef60607310057u50e238c9kec458c3ce2669ca6@mail.gmail.com>

Hi !

If you don't want to use MS-specific things, you can use the normal pipes.
See this code. If you want to use non-blocking version, you need to create a
thread that handle the reads/writes.

import os, sys, time, binascii, cPickle

bpath,bname=os.path.split(sys.argv[0])

def Log(Msg,IsMaster,First=False):
    fn=sys.argv[0]+'.'+['c','m'][int(IsMaster)]+'.log'
    mode='aw'[int(First)]
    f=open(fn,mode)
    f.write('\n%s:\n'%time.time())
    f.write('%s\n'%Msg)
    f.flush()
    f.close()

def ReadTextPacket(SourceStream):
    packet=SourceStream.read(6)
    psize=int(packet)
    packet=SourceStream.read(psize)
    return packet

def WriteTextPacket(DestStream,Packet):
    Packet=str(Packet)
    DestStream.write('%06d'%len(Packet))
    DestStream.write(Packet)
    DestStream.flush()

'''
def ReadBinPacket(SourceStream):
    txtpacket=ReadTextPacket(SourceStream)
    pckpacket=binascii.unhexlify(txtpacket)
    obj=cPickle.loads(pckpacket)
    return obj

def WriteBinPacket(DestStream,Obj):
    pckpacket=cPickle.dumps(Obj)
    txtpacket=binascii.hexlify(pckpacket)
    WriteTextPacket(DestStream,txtpacket)
'''

if 'C' in sys.argv:
    #Log('Client started',0,1)
    while 1:
        #Log('Waiting for packet',0,0)
        data=ReadTextPacket(sys.stdin)
        #Log('Packet received',0,0)
        #Log('The packet is: %s'%([data]),0,0)
        #Log('Print the result',0,0)
        WriteTextPacket(sys.stdout,"Master wrote: %s"%([data]))
        if data.strip()=='quit':
            #Log('Quit packet received',0,0)
            break
    #Log('Client finished',0,0)
else:
    #Log('Master started',1,1)
    #Log('Start subprocess',1,0)
    import time
    st=time.time()
    child_stdin,child_stdout=os.popen2(r'c:\python24\python.exe %s
C'%(bname))
    for i in range(1000):
        #Log('Send packet',1,0)
        WriteTextPacket(child_stdin,['Alma'*100,i])
        #Log('Waiting for packet',1,0)
        s=ReadTextPacket(child_stdout)
        #Log('Packet is: %s'%([s]),1,0)
        #Log('Print packet',1,0)
        #print "Client's answer",[s]
        import time
        time.sleep(0.1)
    #Log('Send packet',1,0)
    WriteTextPacket(child_stdin,'quit')
    #Log('Waiting for packet',1,0)
    s=ReadTextPacket(child_stdout)
    #Log('Packet is: %s'%([s]),1,0)
    #Log('Print packet',1,0)
    #print "Client's answer",[s]
    #Log('Master finished',1,0)
    print time.time()-st

dd


2006/7/28, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com>:
>
> On 27 Jul 2006 22:26:25 -0700, "placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> declaimed the
> following in comp.lang.python:
>
> >
> > readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use
> > read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected
> > functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its
> > not constant so i cant use this too.
> >
> > Any ideas of solving this problem?
> >
>         Use a thread that reads one character at a time; when it sees
> whatever signals "end of line" (it sounds like you're reading a progress
> bar implemented via <cr>overwrite). Combine the characters into a
> string, return the string to the main program via a queue.
>
>         If there is no such "end of line" character, but there IS a
> noticeable delay between "writes", a more complex method might suffice
> -- in which one thread does the byte reads, setting a time value on each
> read; a related thread then does a sleep() loop, checking the "last read
> time" against the pause length -- if close enough to the pause duration,
> combine and return...
>
>         Alternatively, take a good old style terminal keyboard (a VT100
> Tempest-rated model should be ideal), and use it to beat Bill Gates over
> the head until he agrees to push a high-priority upgrade to the command
> line I/O system... or makes files work with select() (so you can combine
> the time-out with the byte read)
>
> --
>         Wulfraed        Dennis Lee Bieber               KD6MOG
>         wlfraed at ix.netcom.com           wulfraed at bestiaria.com
>                 HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
>         (Bestiaria Support Staff:               web-asst at bestiaria.com)
>                 HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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From jjlee at reportlab.com  Wed Jul 19 17:42:45 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:42:45 GMT
Subject: Python linker
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <87mzb5fezu.fsf@reportlab.com>

Sion Arrowsmith <siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk> writes:
[...]
> Who's going to notice if your executable is a couple of M slimmer?

Anybody with a modem.


John


From konrad.hinsen at laposte.net  Thu Jul 13 10:43:15 2006
From: konrad.hinsen at laposte.net (Konrad Hinsen)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:43:15 +0200
Subject: Compiling Python using the Portland Group compiler
In-Reply-To: <1152731707.538277.203690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8074.1152714402.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152731707.538277.203690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <2B5AE0B0-32A2-4AB5-B374-F54BE0576F52@laposte.net>

Nick,

> I would  try to find out if pgcc has any compatibility switches. I saw
> you turned optimization "off" but sometimes there is more you can do
> disable some of the advanced behind the scenes magic. So apply all
> those switches, run the tests and then try them one by one to find out
> how many you can enable before test fail again. If you compiled it as
> 64bit application, try to compile as a regular 32bit and see what
> happens.

Thanks for your suggestions. I already looked for switches that could  
possibly change the interpretation of the C code, but I found nothing  
other than the usual ANSI and C9x compatibility switches, which only  
change the amount of warnings.

However, I will take up your suggestion and see if I can compile a 32- 
bit executable.

Konrad.
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Konrad Hinsen
Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
Saint Aubin - BP 48
91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
E-Mail: hinsen ?t cnrs-orleans.fr
---------------------------------------------------------------------




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 05:30:45 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:30:45 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44bcaa47$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke wrote:
> 
> 
>>I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>non-computer language):
>>
>>1. While list, pop.
>>
>>2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>
>>Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>>damned.
>>:)
> 
> 
> One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
> type, even if it doesn't.

Python has a boolean type.

> That means, never assume that arbitrary values
> can be interpreted as true or false,

There's nothing to assume, and nothing arbitrary in it. It's all clearly
defined in whole letters in the language references.

> always put in an explicit comparison
> if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.

The fact that the expression is used in the context of a if statement is
clearly enough to denote a boolean expression. Explicitly testing
against a boolean is uselessly redundant - and doesn't change anything,
since it's always a boolean expression. FWIW, getting rid of theses
"explicit" redundant tests was one of the first things I learned about
programming.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul 17 13:47:21 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:47:21 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.17.17.47.20.582820@gmx.net>

In <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1 at news.t-online.com>, Fabian Steiner wrote:

> This is what I got so far:
> 
>      def getAllChildren(self, children=[]):
>          if self.children:
>              children.extend(self.children)
>              for child in self.children:
>                  child.getAllChildren(children)
>          return children
> 
> Unfortunately, it doesn't work like expected since the default parameter 
> children=[] is evaluated only once. That's why the children list becomes 
> larger and larger after calling the method several times but I can't 
> think of another possibility.
> 
> Do you have any ideas?

    def get_all_children(self, accumulator=None):
        if accumulator is None:
            accumulator = list()
        accumulator.extend(self.children)
        for child in self.children:
            child.get_all_children(accumulator)
        return accumulator

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch



From kevin at dotsyntax.com  Tue Jul 18 21:48:51 2006
From: kevin at dotsyntax.com (Kevin Watters)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 01:48:51 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: No need to close file?
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>
	<1153256652.118174.238080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9jj5l$li5$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <loom.20060719T034521-146@post.gmane.org>

There's always the new 'with' statement in Python 2.5.  So instead of

> f = open('foo', 'r')
> try:
>    for line in f:
>      print line
> finally:
>    f.close()
> 

...you do:

with open('foo','r') as f:
    for line in f:
        print line

It's at least a little bit cleaner, and it will close the file if there's an
exception as well.

(See http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/pep-343.html and don't forget to include

from __future__ import with_statement

at the top of the file)



From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 12:50:29 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:50:29 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>

Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> >         // Inside this block, a has type int{17..21} and b has type
> >         // int{18..22}
> 
> No what happens if right here you code
>    b := 16;
> 
> Does that again change the type of "b"? Or is that an illegal 
> instruction, because "b" has the "local type" of (18..22)?

It arranges that the expression "b" after that line (barring further 
changes) has type int{16..16}, which would make the later call to 
signContract illegal.

> If the former (i.e., if reassigning to "b" changes the "static type" of 
> b, then the term you're looking for is not type, but "typestate".

We're back into discussion terminology, then.  How fun.  Yes, the word 
"typestate" is used to describe this in a good bit of literature.  
Nevertheless, a good number of authors -- including all of them that I'm 
aware of in programming language type theory -- would agree that "type" 
is a perfectly fine word.

When I said b has a type of int{18..22}, I meant that the type that will 
be inferred for the expression "b" when it occurs inside this block as 
an rvalue will be int{18..22}.  The type of the variable didn't change, 
because variables don't *have* types.  Expressions (or, depending on 
your terminology preference, terms) have types.  An expression "b" that 
occurs after your assignment is a different expression from the one that 
occurs before your assignment, so it's entirely expected that in the 
general case, it may have a different type.

It's also the case (and I didn't really acknowledge this before) that 
the expression "b" when used as an lvalue has a different type, which is 
determined according to different rules.  As such, the assignment to b 
was not at all influenced by the new type that was arranged for the 
expression "b" as an rvalue.

(I'm using lvalue and rvalue intuitively; in practice, these would be 
assigned on a case-by-case basis along the lines of actual operators or 
language syntax.)

> In other words, this is the same sort of test that disallows using an 
> unassigned variable in a value-returning expression.

Yes, it is.

> When
>    { int a; int b; b := a; }
> returns a compile-time error because "a" is uninitialized at the 
> assignment, that's not the "type" of a, but the typestate. Just FYI.

If you wish to say "typestate" to mean this, be my guest.  It is also 
correct to say "type".

> It actually works quite well if the language takes advantage of it 
> consistantly and allows you to designate your expected typestates and such.

I'm not aware of a widely used language that implements stuff like this.  
Are you?

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 21:57:33 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:57:33 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1154051853.878429.66070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Paul Rubin wrote:
> Actually I don't understand the need for SSH.

Who are you and what have you done with the real Paul Rubin?

> This is traffic over a
> LAN, right?  Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted?  That's unusual; SSH
> is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the
> local network is usually trusted.  Hopefully it's not wireless.

I think not running telnet and rsh daemons is a good policy anyway.


-- 
--Bryan



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 03:21:35 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 09:21:35 +0200
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <e8l21u$923$1@sea.gmane.org>

Jack wrote:

> When I try TooFPy with the SOAP and XML-RPC sample client code
> provided in TooFPy tutorials, a log entry shows up quickly on web server
> log window, but it takes a long time (5 seconds or longer)

okay, 5 seconds...

> No, I'm not using any accelerator. The code is extremely simple (from 
> toofpy):
> 
> # XML-RPC test
> import xmlrpclib
> srv = xmlrpclib.Server('http://localhost:4334/RPC2/greeting')
> print srv.greeting('you', 5)

and a "5" as the second argument in the greeting call.  I wonder what 
that does ? ;-)

(if you need a hint, look for "waits the given number of seconds" on 
this page:

http://pyds.muensterland.org/wiki/toolserverframeworkforpythonquickstartguide.html

)

</F>



From timr at probo.com  Thu Jul  6 02:21:32 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 06:21:32 GMT
Subject: Very practical question
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <frapa2hf33quo4pdftti5963v8at3iaem2@4ax.com>

"madpython" <madpython at gmail.com> wrote:

>I've been doing an application with Tkinter widgets. Nothing really
>fancy just routine stuff. Though I have no problems with it by now I
>guess it would be reasonable to ask about a thing that's been bothering
>me a bit. Look at this piece of code:
>
>class A(object):
>    def a(self):
>        return "a from A"
>
>class B(object):
>    def interClassCall(self):
>        print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a()

The others have given you good advice about better ways to do this, but I'd
like to point out that this one line is equivalent to:

        print c.a.a()
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From guthrie at mum.edu  Sun Jul  9 23:58:26 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:58:26 -0500
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>

Steven Bethard wrote:
> Gregory Guthrie wrote:
> 
>> For example,
>>    - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says 
>> len(w).
>  
> Why would ``x.len()`` be any more convenient than ``len(x)``? Your 
> preference here seems pretty arbitrary.
-- Perhaps;
but having all standard operations as a method seems more regular (to 
me), and allows a simple chained operation format of a series of method 
calls, instead of alternating prefix function calls, and post-fix method 
invocations; e.g.
       x.lower().strip().toList().sort().join()
seems cleaner and simpler than the usage below, where the pre/post 
alternation is visually more complex.

I think the mix of OO like methods, and global functions, is not ideal.
> 
>>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
>>
>>     This would allow things like:
>>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
> 
> 
> Use sorted():
> 
>     key = ','.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))
-- Thanks!
(Is the comma in ',' just a typo?)
> 
> 
>>    - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for 
>> dictionaries, and more += like operations;
>>    For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
>>         dict[key] += [word]
> 
> 
> Get Python 2.5 and use collections.defaultdict:
-- Great, thanks.
> 
> Python 2.5a2 (trunk:46491M, May 27 2006, 14:43:55) [MSC v.1310 32 bit 
> (Intel)] on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>  >>> import collections
>  >>> d = collections.defaultdict(int)
>  >>> d['a'] += 5
>  >>> d['b'] += 2
>  >>> d
> defaultdict(<type 'int'>, {'a': 5, 'b': 2})
> 
> STeVe


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Tue Jul 18 14:14:03 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 11:14:03 -0700
Subject: tkinter help
In-Reply-To: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153246443.293173.229600@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

add a xscrollcommand and/or yscrollcommand keyword argument to the
construction of your listbox.

def func(*a):
    print "i'm a callback!"

L = Tkinter.Listbox(root, yscrollcommand=func)    # note no parens
after func


groves wrote:
> hi eveyrbody , i have started working on python tkinter,
> While I was working on one of the tkinter classes..named listbox
> widget. I had a slight problem.
>
> Now let me tell you that i was able to create a simple listbox which
> had 6 options which one can select, but Now what I want is that from
> the available menu, if I select an option it should give me another
> menu associated with that option. Its like digging up that option to do
> advance search.
>
> Please I need help as I am making my project
> Thanks to eveyrbody who will take time to read this and solve it .



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Fri Jul 28 04:58:48 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:58:48 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<mailman.8646.1154071426.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <clkyg.21883$Cn6.1217@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> wrote in message
news:mailman.8646.1154071426.27775.python-list at python.org...
> "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:
>
> | Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64,
and
> | 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying:
> |
> | def darkness(img,x,y):
> |     return  (RedVal(img,x,y) << 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) << 6) +
> | (BlueVal(img,x,y) << 3)
> |
> |
> | -- Paul
>
> *grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift,
save a
> copy, shift twice more and add the copy...
>
> - Hendrik
>
Sadly, my timeit results show this saves only a little time, and
shift-copy-shiftsomemore-and-add is even slower then just doing the original
floating point multiply.  The biggest win is in prelookup of Image.GetXXX
functions.

-- Paul




From RayLang at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 17:14:06 2006
From: RayLang at gmail.com (Boomshiki)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 21:14:06 GMT
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
	<slrnebk9vb.7u9.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <y_xug.50164$B91.20086@edtnps82>

After some consideration that is the approach I will head actually. Thank 
you for the help swaying my decision.


"Sybren Stuvel" > In that case, I'd really go with Mark's idea of turning it 
into a web
> service. You could use XML-RPC over SSL to secure the communication
> between a client program and the (secret-code) server.
>
> Of course, you could also go the 100% web approach, but that has the
> downside that you have to work with HTML instead of a proper GUI like
> Qt, and that you'll have to support all kinds of different browsers
> (MSIE is really bad with CSS support, for instance.)
>
> Sybren
> -- 
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                             Frank Zappa 




From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Sat Jul  1 18:06:08 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 22:06:08 GMT
Subject: missing feature classes and missing fields
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7691.1151774664.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <200607010642.MAA21799@WS0005.indiatimes.com>
	<mailman.7691.1151774664.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <klCpg.513989$le3.12797996@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

Gary Herron schreef:
> subramanian2003 wrote:
>> Hello All,
>>
>>     How can I check missing feature classes in a folder/personal geodatabase using python script. And how can I check  missing fields in shape files. And also I want to check the attribute values using python.
>>
>> Thnx,
>> Subramanian.
>>
>>
>>
>>   
> This list is usually very helpful, however, I think you are going to
> need to be more specific to get an answer here.
> 
> For instance,
> 
> What's are "missing feature classes"?
> What's a "folder/personal geodatabase"?
> What's are "missing fields"?
> What's a "shape file"?
> On what object to you wish to check "attribute values"?

AFAIK, shape files are files with geospatial information used by ESRI 
(http://www.esri.com/) products (and others). Features are the objects 
in the geospatial database (roads, bridges, buildings, ...) and the 
features have attributes and the attributes have values (e.g. a road may 
have an attribute 'width' with a value '10 m').

But I still can't answer the question. I don't even know if there's a 
way for python to read shape files. Maybe there's something to be found 
at http://www.freegis.org/ or http://www.opensourcegis.org/.


-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul  4 21:22:23 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 06:52:23 +0530
Subject: CSpace - call for developers!
Message-ID: <44AB144F.9010807@tachyontech.net>

Hi All

CSpace aims to be the next generation in realtime communication. It is
an opensource python application, which provides a platform for secure,
decentralized, user-to-user communication.

The platform provides a connect(user,service) primitive, similar to the
sockets API connect(ip,port). Applications built on top of this platform
can simply invoke connect(user,service) to establish a secure,
nat/firewall friendly connection. Currently TextChat, FileTransfer and
RemoteDesktop applications are available on CSpace.

CSpace is still a work in progress, and I would like to invite everybody
who's interested, to help in improving this product!

CSpace Website: http://cspace.in

Regards
Sreeram

PS: My CSpace KeyID is 20. Feel free to add me to your contact list and
message me!

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From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 02:33:19 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 01:33:19 -0500
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
In-Reply-To: <7xmzazsisk.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>	<7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>	<mailman.8439.1153715132.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xmzazsisk.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <ea1pj4$3g7$1@sea.gmane.org>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Robert Kern <robert.kern at gmail.com> writes:
>>    G = int(ceil(log(U) / log(1.0 - p)))
> 
> I usually owuld write that as int(ceil(log(U, 1.0 - p))).

Knock yourself out. I was cribbing from my C implementation in numpy.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From markscala at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 23:01:27 2006
From: markscala at gmail.com (markscala at gmail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 20:01:27 -0700
Subject: vmware/python web dev
Message-ID: <1153278087.153658.110580@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

someone has made a "virtual appliance" specialized for python web
development. it has a huge list of included software.

if you're interested, see:
http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/appliances/directory/289



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 12 10:04:50 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:04:50 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b50185$0$29132$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

cz schrieb:
>> The list above is not a valid Python list. What is it that you store in that list?
>>
>> Or is it maybe a dictionary?
>>
>> Stefan
> 
> Thanks for your help. How can I find out about what this is? As I said
> it's generated by a insufficiently documented module. So if this is a
> user defined datatype, is there still a possibility to find the name of
> the data fields storing the xx, xy, ... ?

Maybe you should read a bit about Python classes and built-in functions like
"dir()", "type()", "vars()", ...

http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html#SECTION008300000000000000000
http://docs.python.org/tut/node11.html
http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html

Just start an interactive Python session and play with the object you are
trying to explore. That should get you going.

Stefan


From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Thu Jul  6 04:35:36 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 10:35:36 +0200
Subject: Need "Billy the Kid" modul for windows
Message-ID: <e8iht6$311$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

Hey,

There is a nice modul called "BtK" at 
http://home.student.utwente.nl/g.v.berg/btk/

Has someone a link for btk-python on windows?

Thx,


Spooky 



From tron.thomas at verizon.net  Fri Jul 21 21:20:25 2006
From: tron.thomas at verizon.net (tron.thomas at verizon.net)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 18:20:25 -0700
Subject: How to use pdb?
In-Reply-To: <wihzmf39z8e.fsf@panix3.panix.com>
References: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<wihzmf39z8e.fsf@panix3.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1153531225.848251.181150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


R. Bernstein wrote:
> Perhaps what you are looking for is:
>   python /usr/lib/python2.4/pdb.py Myprogram.py

I tried this and it did not work.  pdb did not load the file so it
could be debugged.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 05:33:08 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 11:33:08 +0200
Subject: Perl Dictionary Convert
References: <mailman.7824.1152131388.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.09.33.08.57080@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7824.1152131388.27775.python-list at python.org>, Tom Grove
wrote:

> I have a server program that I am writing an interface to and it returns 
> data in a perl dictionary.  Is there a nice way to convert this to 
> something useful in Python?

You could write a little parser with pyparsing:

source = """\
{
  Calendar =  {
    Access =  { anyone = lr;};
    Class =  IPF.Appointment;
    Messages =  0;
    Size =  0;
    UIDNext =  1;
    UIDValidity =  287898056;
    Unseen =  0;
  };
  Contacts =  {
    Class =  IPF.Contact;
    Messages =  0;
    Size =  0;
    UIDNext =  1;
    UIDValidity =  287898056;
    Unseen =  0;
  };
}
"""

from pyparsing import alphas, alphanums, nums, Dict, Forward, Group, \
                      Literal, OneOrMore, Suppress, Word

OPEN_BRACE = Suppress('{')
CLOSE_BRACE = Suppress('}')
ASSIGN = Suppress('=')
STATEMENT_END = Suppress(';')
identifier = Word(alphas, alphanums + '.')
number = Word(nums).setParseAction(lambda s, loc, toks: int(toks[0]))
dictionary = Forward()
value = identifier | number | dictionary
item = Group(identifier + ASSIGN + value + STATEMENT_END)
dictionary << Dict(OPEN_BRACE + OneOrMore(item) + CLOSE_BRACE)

result = dictionary.parseString(source)
print result['Contacts']['Class']

Output is: IPF.Contact

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From gdamjan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 20:09:08 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 02:09:08 +0200
Subject: threading+ftp+import => block
References: <44c4ca96$0$11791$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44c6b26a$0$15782$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

Panard wrote:

> Hi,
> I'm experiencing a strange problem while trying to manage a ftp connection
> into a separate thread.
> 
> I'm on linux, python 2.4.3
> 
> Here is a test :
> ------ ftp_thread.py ------
> import ftplib
> import threading
> import datetime
> 
> class test( threading.Thread ) :
>         ftp_conn = ftplib.FTP("localhost","user","pass")
>         def run( self ) :
>                 print self.ftp_conn.pwd()
>                 self.ftp_conn.dir("/")
>                 print datetime.date.today()
> def t() :
>         t = test()
>         t.start()
>         t.join()
> t()
> -------
> 
> If I do :
> $ python ftp_thread.py
> /
> drwxrwsr-x   2 panard   ftp          4096 Jul 24 12:48 archives
> 2006-07-24
> ==> Works perfectly
> 
> But :
> $ python
>>>> import ftp_thread
> /
> <program block>

This has been documented in the blog posts titled "How well you know Python"
(find it on google)

The problem is that, once you run "import ftp_thread" a lock is set in the
Python interpreter, so then you can't start a new thread... (this from the
back of my mind).



-- 
damjan


From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul  3 10:30:10 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 14:30:10 -0000
Subject: Time out question
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1> <1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>
	<slrneai1i6.p42.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <12aiafi46nos12f@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-03, Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> wrote:
> Alex Martelli <aleax at mac.com> wrote:
>>  DarkBlue <nomail at nixmail.com> wrote:
>> >  try for 10 seconds
>> >    if database.connected :
>> >     do your remote thing
>> >  except raise after 10 seconds
>> >    abort any connection attempt
>> >    do something else 
>> 
>>  Sure, see function setdefaulttimeout in module socket.  Just call it as
>>  you wish before trying the DB connection and catch the resulting
>>  exception.
>
> It would be nice to have language support for the general case, ie a
> general purpose timeout.

I just use signal.alarm():

import signal,sys

def alarmHandler(signum, frame):
    raise 'Timeout'

signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarmHandler)

while 1:
    try:
        signal.alarm(5)
        t = sys.stdin.readline()
        signal.alarm(0)
        print t
    except 'Timeout':
        print "too slow"

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I will SHAVE and
                                  at               buy JELL-O and bring my
                               visi.com            MARRIAGE MANUAL!!


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul  7 07:51:20 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:51:20 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneasilo.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-07, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
>>AP> was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>>AP> more complicated. 
>
> What do you mean with `the lefthand variable'? Especially when talking
> about `complicated lefthand sides'?

The name on the left side of an assignment that refers to a variable,
as opposed to names that are attributes.

>>AP> Sure people may prefer to speak about (re)binding
>>AP> vs mutating variables, but just because I didn't use the prefered terms,
>>AP> starting to doubt my understanding of the language, seems a bit
>>AP> premature IMO. I'm sure there are areas where my understanding of
>>AP> the language is shaky, metaclasses being one of them, but understanding
>>AP> how names are searched doesn't seem to be one of them.
>
> You didn't understand it in your OP. Maybe your understanding has gained in
> the meantime?

I don't rule out that I gained some understanding without noticing it.
Maybe my choice of words was poor then.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From originalbrownster at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 08:25:38 2006
From: originalbrownster at gmail.com (OriginalBrownster)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:25:38 -0700
Subject: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.28.06.27.16.298283@gmx.net>
References: <1154055565.502991.252710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.28.06.27.16.298283@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1154089537.978708.274040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1154055565.502991.252710 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
> OriginalBrownster wrote:
>
> > I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework
> > to use python to power my application.
> >
> > [...]
> >
> > my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I
> > want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they
> > want to save that file?.
>
> Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory.  So that's not
> your business.
>
> After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for
> instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that
> archive to the user.
>
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


THanks Marc,

That makes sense. I can zip the files to a temp directory. However,
How do I deliver the archive to them?...



From cdsmith at twu.net  Tue Jul 11 11:43:48 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 09:43:48 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
	<C1Psg.56632$181.30396@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1d751dd472b86d989783@news.altopia.net>

David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> I don't think that placing too much emphasis on any individual example is
> the right way of thinking about this. What matters is that, over the range
> of typical programs written in the language, the value of the increased
> confidence in program correctness outweighs the effort involved in both
> adding annotations, and understanding whether any remaining run-time checks
> are guaranteed to succeed.

Are you really that short on people to disagree with?

In this particular branch of this thread, we were discussing George's 
objection that it would be ridiculous for a type system to check that a 
variable should be greater than 18.  There is no such thing as placing 
too much emphasis on what we were actually discussing.  If you want to 
discuss something else, feel free to post about it.  Why does it bother 
you that I'm considering George's point?

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sun Jul  9 14:05:55 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 18:05:55 GMT
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<1152460915.363598.268980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7Absg.25343$Bh.17017@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"faulkner" <faulkner612 at comcast.net> wrote in message
news:1152460915.363598.268980 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
> you want a directory watching daemon. it isn't hard at all to build
> from scratch.
> first, determine which directories should be watched.
> then, os.walk each directory, building a mapping from filename to mtime
> [modified time; os.path.getmtime].
> next is your main event loop. this while loop consists of os.walk-ing
> each directory again, comparing the current mtime to the corresponding
> entry in the mapping. if they differ, or if a filename isn't in the
> mapping, something happened, at which point you can logick out whether
> a file was moved, deleted, changed, or created.
>
> so many folks have looked for this that i'll just write a generic one
> and put it in the cheeseshop. look for "dirmon" in about a week.
>
>
Ahem... (sorry for premature usenet-post-ication...)

While I am a big fan of "brute force", there are OS services (at least on
Windows) for doing just this function, with asynchronous callbacks when
files are created, deleted, etc.

Here is a link that does a much better comparison of several options than I
could (including your brute force version):
http://tgolden.sc.sabren.com/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html

Good luck!
-- Paul




From hackerblinks at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 19:44:08 2006
From: hackerblinks at gmail.com (Adam Blinkinsop)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 16:44:08 -0700
Subject: ImportError raised in script, not interactive session.
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8763.1154388250.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154385724.409445.295570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8763.1154388250.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154389448.700403.33260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Jordan R McCoy wrote:
> If this isn't the case, what are you using for TARGET_DIR?

${TARGET_DIR} = /home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/lib/python
I've started the interactive session from several different
directories, and never had a problem.

My make output (note the second item in sys.path):
--
cd /home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/bin &&
PYTHONPATH="/home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/lib/python"
./test.py
 *** sys.path: ['/home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/bin',
'/home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/lib/python',
'/usr/lib/python24.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.4',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk',
'/usr/lib64/python2.4/lib-dynload', '/usr/lib/portage/pym',
'/usr/lib64/python2.4/site-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./test.py", line 6, in ?
    from overwatch.view import console
ImportError: No module named view
make: *** [test] Error 1
--

Oh, and:
--
$ ls /home/blinks/projects/overwatch/target/lib/python/
overwatch
--

Thanks for the help!  If you want a copy of the project to reproduce,
it's on Subversion at http://tools.assembla.com/svn/Overwatch/trunk
(should be readable).



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 05:07:32 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 02:07:32 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


thebjorn wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > thebjorn wrote:
> > > John Machin wrote:
> > > > thebjorn wrote:
> [...]
> > > > Holy code bloat, Batman! Try this:
> > > >
> > > >     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)
> > >
> > > yuck :-)
> >
> > But this:
> >     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0) is not yuck???
>
> Correct.
>
> > > [...]
> > > > It's the irregular-size months that cause the problems. If you can work
> > > > out the months difference, then just floor_div by 12 to get the years
> > > > difference.
> > >
> > > I don't agree that the irregular sized months cause a problem in this
> > > case. They do cause a problem if you're asking "when is today + one
> > > month?", i.e. there isn't an unambiguous answer to that question in
> > > general (e.g. if today was January 31). We're asking a different kind
> > > of question though: "has it been at least one month since January 31?",
> > > the answer would be no on Feb 29 and yes on Mar 1.
> >
> > If a bank were paying you interest on a monthly basis, and you
> > deposited money on Jan 31 and pulled it out on the last day of
> > February, that would count as one month. This is what I call the "today
> > - yesterday == 1" rule. For computing things like duration of employee
> > service, you need the "today - yesterday == 2" rule -- on the
> > assumption that service counts from start of business yesterday to
> > close of business today. So hire date of 1 Feb to fire date of (last
> > day of Feb) would count as one month.
>
> You give a good argument that the concept of a month is fuzzy

Sorry,  I can't imagine where you got "fuzzy" from. Perhaps you mean
some other word. The concept is capable of being expressed precisely.

> I still
> don't believe that it makes the concept of a year fuzzy (or that the
> fuzziness of month needs to be accounted for when computing years).

The point is to ensure that (say) 24 months of employment and 2 years
of employment are determined in a consistent fashion.

>
> > Sorry, I don't understand. Why are you speechless? What would I want to
> > use the calendar module for? Apart from the leap() function and the
> > table of days in a month, the calendar module doesn't have any of the
> > functionality that one would expect in a general-purpose date class.
>
> Well, I thought replacing a 4 line function with 31 lines, 13 of which
> duplicated functionality in the standard library was overkill.

I think you missed the point that the lines I quoted were straight out
of a self-contained library that existed (in C as well as Python) way
before the datetime module was a gleam in Fred & the timbot's eyes.
Even if I had noticed a leap year function in the calendar module, I
would probably not have used it. The Python version of the module was
just a stopgap while I fiddled with getting a C extension going. The C
leap year function doesn't have any of that modulo stuff in it.

> I came
> up with this yesterday which seems sufficient?
>
>     def yeardiff(a, b):
>       y = a.year - b.year
>       if (a.month, a.day) < (b.month, b.day): # tuple comparison
>           y -= 1
>       return y

At least it doesn't blow up when b is leapyear-02-29. It just gives the
wrong answer when a is nonleapyear-02-28. E.g. it gives 0 years
difference  from 1992-02-29 to 1993-02-28 instead of 1.



From dnew at san.rr.com  Thu Jul 13 13:01:00 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:01:00 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> Yes, technically you are right. But this makes a pretty weak notion of 
> mutability. All stateful data structures had to stay within their 
> lexical scope, and could never be passed to a function. 

Not really. The way Hermes handles this is with destructive assignment. 
Each variable holds a value, and you (almost) cannot have multiple 
variables referring to the same value.

If you want to assign Y to X, you use
    X := Y
after which Y is considered to be uninitialized. If you want X and Y to 
have the same value, you use
    X := copy of Y
after which X and Y have the same value but are otherwise unrelated, and 
changes to one don't affect the other.

(As almost an aside, the non-scalar data structures were very similar to 
SQL data tables.)

If you declare (the equivalent to) a function, you can indicate whether 
the paramters matching the arguments are passed destructively, or are 
read-only, or are copy-in-copy-out. So you could declare a function, for 
example, that you pass a table into, and if it's marked as a read-only 
parameter, the compiler ensures the callee does not modify the table and 
the compiler generates code to pass a pointer. One could also mark a 
variable (for example) as uninitialized on entry, intialized on return, 
and uninitalized on the throw of an exception, and this could be used 
(for example) for the read-a-line-from-a-socket routine.

The only value that came close to being shared is an outgoing connection 
to a procedure; the equivalent of the client side of a socket. For 
these, you could make copies, and each copy would point to the same 
receiver. The receiving process could change over time, by passing its 
end of the socket in a message to some other process (live code 
upgrading, for example).

Since everything could be passed as part of a message, including code, 
procedures, tables, and "inports" and "outports" (the ends of sockets), 
I don't see that it had any problems with first classness.

> OK, if you prefer: it is an aspect of first-class mutability - which is 
> present in almost all imperative languages I know. :-)

I disagree. It's entirely possible to make sophisticated imperitive 
languages with assignment and without aliasing.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 05:42:21 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:42:21 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrnech2jt.vp1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-25, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
>> On 2006-07-25 04:06:24, Steve Holden wrote:
>> 
> Since Python has no "local variable declaration", there must be a rule
> to distinguish local names from names living in the enclosing
> namespaces. The rule is: unless previously declared 'global' (ie
> module-level) with the appropriate statement, any name bound in the
> local namespace is local. If declared 'global', it has to exist in the
> global namespace.
>
> This was much more simple to understand when we didn't have nested
> functions - we mostly had global and local scope.

But having only a global an local scope, didn't prevent nested
functions. The nested functions just didn't have nested scopes
and that had it's own problems.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Mon Jul 17 23:52:41 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:52:41 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8154.1152860217.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8154.1152860217.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153194761.224888.75300@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> if you use malloc to allocate a memory block and store PyObject pointers
> in it, you must
>
> 1) make sure that the reference count is *incremented* (Py_INCREF) when
> you add the objects (unless the object is new; when you create an
> object, the reference count is set to 1).  this tells Python that you
> have a pointer to an object that you plan to use some time in the future.
>
> 2) make sure that the reference count is *decremented* (Py_DECREF) if
> you remove the objects  (this tells Python that *you* won't access the
> object any more; if nobody else uses it either, it can safely be removed).

OK, I'll read your 'required reading' I promise.  Let me just make the
obvious
obvious for a minute.  Your 'requirements' above only mention
Py_INCREFs and Py_DECREFs and never mention free(my_array).
Hence, I will assume the answer to my previous question is that I do
NOT
have to do free(my_array) because Py_INCREFs and Py_DECREFs will
allow garbage collection to take care of even the malloc'd part that
hold the pointers to the objects.

By the way, we are allowing garbage collector to free different
elements (pointers)
of my_array one at a time here.  I just found out that curiously
enough, you CANNOT
do this in C with primitive types.

i.e. my_int_array = malloc(5 * sizeof(int));

You CANNOT do this...
       free(&my_int_array[1]);
       free(&my_int_array[2]);
       free(&my_int_array[3]);
       ...etc.
You can ONLY free the entire enchilada all at the same time...
         free(my_int_array);

Chris



From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 08:22:58 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:22:58 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152706978.102593.290170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> I'm using a badly documented module and therefore need to find out
> about how to access the elements in a list.
> (I need to do this in  Python 1.5.3)

I presume this is the same in 1.5 use dir():

>>> import os
>>> dir(os)
['F_OK', 'O_APPEND', 'O_BINARY', 'O_CREAT', 'O_EXCL', 'O_NOINHERIT',
'O_RANDOM',
 'O_RDONLY', 'O_RDWR', 'O_SEQUENTIAL', 'O_SHORT_LIVED', 'O_TEMPORARY',
'O_TEXT',

(etc)



From okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr  Tue Jul  4 06:56:38 2006
From: okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr (Omer KORKMAZ)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 13:56:38 +0300
Subject: sys.exit call from pythonw.exe gives error
Message-ID: <CDF9DBF39668804188BBA04A91BFCB47FDBAB3@albatros.havelsan.intranet>

I wrote a python GUI with tkInter and installed it on a windows machine
with the .pyw extension, so it will be executed from pythonw.exe instead
of python.exe, since I didn't want the console window to appear.
My application exits with a call to sys.exit. However, when this call is
executed under pythonw.exe I get an error popup window with the
following messeage:
 
---- start quote ----
Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library
Runtime Error!
Program: C:\Python24\pythonw.exe
 
This application has requested the Runtime to terminate in an unusual
way.
Please contact the application support team for more information
---- end quote ----

 

 

Did you find a solution for this problem?

 

Best Regards,

 

Omer Korkmaz

Ext: 3138

 


Dikkat:
Bu elektronik posta mesaji kisisel ve ozeldir. Eger size gonderilmediyse lutfen gondericiyi bilgilendirip mesaji siliniz.Firmamiza gelen ve giden mesajlar virus taramasindan gecirilmekte, guvenlik nedeni ile kontrol edilerek saklanmaktadir.Mesajdaki gorusler  gondericiye ait olup HAVELSAN A.S. resmi gorusu olmak zorunda degildir.


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From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Thu Jul 20 02:24:33 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 11:54:33 +0530
Subject: restricted environment
In-Reply-To: <1153352773.212473.22590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153352773.212473.22590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BF21A1.9080502@tachyontech.net>

Gabriele *darkbard* Farina wrote:
> The first attempt to reach my goal was to override the __import__
> function to limit it working on modules that can be used and on custom
> import directories that can be accessed. Then I executed the scripts
> using exec. There is any security problem related to this solution ?

This won't work. Creating a secure restricted execution environment is
very hard. FYI, there is an ongoing discussion on python-dev about a new
attempt at something like rexec for python 2.6+.

[sreeram;]

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From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 11:00:15 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:00:15 GMT
Subject: xpath question...
References: <mailman.7934.1152420733.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <871wsuq0w0.fsf@reportlab.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> writes:

> i have the following section of test code where i'm trying to get the
> attribute of a frame
>    <frame  src="....">
> 
> i'm trying to print/get the src value. the xpath query that i have displays
> the "src" attribute in the Xpather/Firefox plugin. however, i can't quite
> figure out how to get the underlying value in my test app...
> 
>   sxpath = "/html/frameset/frame[2]/attribute::src"
>     # s contains HTML not XML text
>   d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
> 
>   #get the tr list
>   tr1 = d.xpath(sxpath)
> 
>   url = tr1[0]
> 
>   #get the url/link >>semester page
>   #link = br.find_link(nr=1)
> 
>   #url = link.url
>   print "link = ",url
>   sys.exit()
> 
> err output
> link =  <libxml2dom.Attribute object at 0xb7b7680c>
> 
> --------------------------------------
> 
> i'm not sure what i need to add to the line
>   url = tr1
> to resolve the issue/error...

It *looks* like "err output" is just a string you typed into your
message?  If so, that's not "an error" in the usual sense (there's no
traceback): rather, it's just output you didn't expect.

When somebody what you wrote, though, they must go through the
following laborious thought process: Is that string part of the
literal text output by your program, or are you indicating that you
saw a traceback that contains the following line ("link = ...")?  Or
is it something you just typed in to your message to indicate that the
result is unexpected to you?  If there's a traceback, post the full
traceback.  If that is the literal output, you should say so
explicitly, or make it clear through copy/paste of a shell session:

"""
$ my-test-prog.py
err output
link =  <libxml2dom.Attribute object at 0xb7b7680c>
$ 
"""

Back to your problem: The output is not unexpected, though (though I
don't know libxml2dom).  First, if you're bent on using XPath, you may
be better off with module lxml, which I think is a more recent and
friendlier wrapper of libxml2 / libxslt.  Second, you're almost there:
you're just getting back an object representing the attribute, rather
than the string you're looking for.  You simply need to ask the object
for its string representation.  How that's done depends on the module,
but it looks like you have to call a method explicitly in this case (I
can't find the libxml2dom docs easily).


John


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:15:24 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:15:24 GMT
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8123.1152799643.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8123.1152799643.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <0Astg.2470$No6.49969@news.tufts.edu>

Simon Brunning wrote:
> On 7/13/06, John Salerno <johnjsal at nospamgmail.com> wrote:
>> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as
>> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation
>> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable
>> file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as
>> how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to
>> do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from
>> your memory stick?
> 
> Google for Movable Python.
> 

Eh, call me uptight but I like using the "authentic" version of Python, 
not any kinds of special versions with extra add-ons, especially ones 
I'd have to pay for.


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 10:21:04 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 15:21:04 +0100
Subject: _mssql on Python 2.5 Beta 2
In-Reply-To: <1153749662.564489.132420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8453.1153749290.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153749662.564489.132420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2l0d$ppr$1@sea.gmane.org>

mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
>>You aren't using the same library you used with 2.4, by any chance?
>>Compiled extensions are specific to a particular major version of
>>Python, so (for example) 2.3 extension modules won't run under 2.4.
>>Though normally, IIRC, that would give you problems on import, so this
>>may be no help at all (in which case, sorry!)
> 
> 
> Steve,
> I recompiled the library for the 2.5 version.  If it makes a
> difference, I used the altinstall option for python, so it's installed
> as python2.5.
> 
Nope, sounds like you've done everything right. Sorry ...

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 10 01:12:42 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 22:12:42 -0700
Subject: possible issue with mechanize/python parsing
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607091642350.8423@localhost>
Message-ID: <05aa01c6a3df$7a9f42d0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

it appears that i'm running into a possible problem with
mechanize/browser/python rgarding the "select_form" method. i've tried the
following and get the error listed:

 br.select_form(nr = 1)
 br.select_form(name="foo")
 br.select_form(name=foo)
 br.select_form(name="foo")


here's a short test app, as well as the html to be placed in a test data
file....

everything is straight forward...

any thoughts/comments/ideas would be helpful. i have the latest mechanize
from the svn repos.

thanks

-bruce


the error i get is:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./axess.py", line 127, in ?
    br.select_form(name = "main")
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 354, in
select_form
mechanize._mechanize.BrowserStateError: not viewing HTML



test code
-------------------------------
#! /usr/bin/env python


#test python script
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
#import numarray
import httplib
from  mechanize import Browser
import mechanize

########################
#
# Parsing App Information
########################




# datafile
tfile = open("stanford.dat", 'wr+')

cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
br = Browser()


if __name__ == "__main__":
# main app


#----------------------------
# start trying to get the stanford pages
  cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
  br = Browser()

  fh = open('axess.dat')
  s = fh.read()
  fh.close()


  br.open("file:///home/test/axess.dat")

  print "foo"

  # particular cookiejar)
  br.set_cookiejar(cj)
  # Log information about HTTP redirects and Refreshes.
##br.set_debug_redirects(True)
  # Log HTTP response bodies (ie. the HTML, most of the time).

  #WARNING!!!!!! using this will apparently
  #kill the Browser instance!!!
  #br.set_debug_responses(True)
  # Print HTTP headers.
#  br.set_debug_http(True)
#  br.set_handle_redirect(True)
#  br.set_handle_referer(True)

  response = br.response()  # this is a copy of response

  #get the option/semester name
  snamepath =
"/html/body[@class='PSPAGE']/form[2]/table/tr[7]/td[3]/select/@name"

  #get the form name
  fnamepath = "/html/body[@class='PSPAGE']/form[2]/attribute::name"

  s = response.read()
  print response.read()
  print s
  #we now have the semester page...
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)

  #get option name
  sem_optname = d.xpath(snamepath)
  sem_optname = sem_optname[0].nodeValue

  print "sem = ",sem_optname

  ff = d.xpath(fnamepath)
  fname = ff[0].nodeValue
  print "fname = ",fname
  br.select_form(name = "main")

  print "ssssss"
  sys.exit()





data file
-------------------------------
<html lang='en'>
<!-- Copyright (c) 2000-2005 PeopleSoft, Inc.  All Rights Reserved. -->
<! IE/6.0/WINNT; ToolsRel=8.22.05; Page=CLASS_SRCH_ENTRY;
Component=CLASS_SEARCH; Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVICES; -->
<HEAD>
<script language='JavaScript'>
var  totalTimeoutMilliseconds = 1200000;
var  warningTimeoutMilliseconds = 1080000;
var timeOutURL =
'https://axess.stanford.edu/psp/psp_prd/?cmd=expire&languageCd=ENG';
var timeoutWarningPageURL =
'https://psweb.stanford.edu/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Script&I
CScriptProgramName=WEBLIB_TIMEOUT.PT_TIMEOUTWARNING.FieldFormula.IScript_TIM
EOUTWARNING';
</script>
<TITLE>View Schedule of Classes</TITLE>
<LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE='TEXT/CSS'
HREF='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PSSTYLEDEF_STF_ENG_1.css'>
<SCRIPT language='JavaScript'>
var baseKey_main = "";
var altKey_main = "05678\xbc\xbe\xbf\xde";
var ctrlKey_main = "JK";
var bTabOverTB_main = false;
var bTabOverPg_main = false;
var bTabOverNonPS_main = false;
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='javascript'
SRC='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PT_SCRIPTIE600_ENG_main_1.js'>
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
document.domain = "stanford.edu";
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='javascript'
SRC='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PT_PAGESCRIPT_ENG_main_1.js'>
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='javascript'
SRC='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PT_SAVEWARNINGSCRIPT_ENG_main_1.js'>
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='javascript'
SRC='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PT_ISCROSSDOMAIN_ENG_main_1.js'>
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='JavaScript'>
function submitAction_main(form, name)
{
form.ICAction.value=name;
form.ICXPos.value=getScrollX();
form.ICYPos.value=getScrollY();
form.submit();
}
</SCRIPT>
<SCRIPT LANGUAGE='javascript'
SRC='/servlets/cs/a2k_prd/cache/PT_EDITSCRIPT_ENG_main_1.js'>
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY CLASS='PSPAGE'  onLoad="
setFocus_main('STF_AX_CLAS_DRV_STRM',-1);
setEventHandlers_main('ICFirstAnchor_main', 'ICLastAnchor_main', false);
setupTimeout();
setKeyEventHandler_main();
"
 onunload=""
 >
<a name='ICFirstAnchor_main'></a>
<FORM NAME='HelpURL' METHOD=POST Action=""><INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICHelpUrl
VALUE="http://psrepos.stanford.edu:9070/PSOL/htmldoc/f1search.htm?ContextID=
CLASS_SRCH_ENTRY&LangCD=ENG"></FORM>
<table cols='2' width='100%' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' hspace='0'
vspace='0'>
<tr>
<td width='90%'></td><td width='10%' nowrap='nowrap' align='right'><a
href="http://psrepos.stanford.edu:9070/PSOL/htmldoc/f1search.htm?ContextID=C
LASS_SRCH_ENTRY&LangCD=ENG" target='help' accesskey='9' tabindex='1'
class='PSHYPERLINK'>Help</a></td></tr>
</table>
<br />
<FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="2">
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICAction VALUE=None>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICXPos VALUE=0>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICYPos VALUE=0>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICFocus VALUE="">
<input type=hidden name=ICChanged value='-1' />
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 COLS=9 WIDTH=553>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=8 HEIGHT=8></TD>
<TD WIDTH=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH=8></TD>
<TD WIDTH=4></TD>
<TD WIDTH=1></TD>
<TD WIDTH=95></TD>
<TD WIDTH=36></TD>
<TD WIDTH=148></TD>
<TD WIDTH=249></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=24></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=8  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<LABEL FOR='DERIVED_AS_LBL_TITLE_NAME_PART' CLASS='PATRANSACTIONTITLE'
>Class Search</LABEL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=29 COLSPAN=2></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=7  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<LABEL FOR='DERIVED_AS_LBL_CLASS_LBL' CLASS='PAPAGETITLE' >Select
Term</LABEL>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=20 COLSPAN=5></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<DIV CLASS='PAPAGEINSTRUCTIONS' >&nbsp;</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=20 COLSPAN=5></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<DIV CLASS='PAPAGEINSTRUCTIONS' >Select the term you wish to search, and
then click Basic Search,</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=43 COLSPAN=5></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<DIV CLASS='PAPAGEINSTRUCTIONS' >Advanced Search, or Independent Study
Search to continue.</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=55 COLSPAN=4></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<LABEL FOR='STF_AX_CLAS_DRV_STRM' CLASS='PSDROPDOWNLABEL' >*Select a
Term:</LABEL>
</TD>
<TD COLSPAN=3  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<SELECT NAME='STF_AX_CLAS_DRV_STRM' ID='STF_AX_CLAS_DRV_STRM' SIZE=1
TABINDEX=15 CLASS='PSDROPDOWNLIST' STYLE="width:207px; " >
<OPTION VALUE="1068">(1068)&nbsp; 2005-2006 Summer
<OPTION VALUE="1066">(1066)&nbsp; 2005-2006 Spring
<OPTION VALUE="1064">(1064)&nbsp; 2005-2006 Winter
<OPTION VALUE="1062">(1062)&nbsp; 2005-2006 Autumn
<OPTION VALUE="" SELECTED>
</SELECT>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD HEIGHT=122 COLSPAN=3></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 NOWRAP  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON NAME='CLASS_SRCH_BASIC' ID='CLASS_SRCH_BASIC' TABINDEX=17
VALUE="Basic Search" CLASS='PSPUSHBUTTON' STYLE="width:124px; "
ONCLICK="submitAction_main(this.form,this.name);">
</TD>
<TD NOWRAP  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON NAME='CLASS_SRCH_ADV' ID='CLASS_SRCH_ADV' TABINDEX=18
VALUE="Advanced Search" CLASS='PSPUSHBUTTON' STYLE="width:124px; "
ONCLICK="submitAction_main(this.form,this.name);">
</TD>
<TD NOWRAP  VALIGN=TOP ALIGN=LEFT>
<INPUT TYPE=BUTTON NAME='CLASS_SRCH_ADV1' ID='CLASS_SRCH_ADV1' TABINDEX=16
VALUE="Independent Study Search" CLASS='PSPUSHBUTTON' STYLE="width:152px; "
ONCLICK="submitAction_main(this.form,this.name);">
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</FORM>
<a name='ICLastAnchor_main'></a>
</BODY>
</HTML>







From phil_nospam_schmidt at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 11:05:54 2006
From: phil_nospam_schmidt at yahoo.com (Phil Schmidt)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 08:05:54 -0700
Subject: os.access() problem
Message-ID: <1152630354.206058.11920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I just got a new PC with Windows XP, and I want to run Leo on it. Leo
uses the os.access() function to check for read-only files. For some
reason, os.access(<filename>, os.W_OK) always returns false.

I wrote a 2-liner Python script to just test os.access on any file.
I have tried this with Python 2.4 and 2.5b1.
I have uninstalled and re-installed Python and Leo.
I have fiddled with file permissions on the target files as well as on
the Python installation itself.
I have used cacls to check the access control lists (and although I'm
not exactly certain what to do with this information, it appears to be
ok - I think).

None of the above has helped me to identify or fix the problem.

A scan of the Python newsgroup suggests that os.access() may not be the
best way to check for read-only, but the discussion is a bit deeper
than my understanding, so I'm not sure there's anything to it in this
case.

I realize this must be a Windows permissions thing, but I just can't
figure it out. I'm no expert in Windows security beyond basic
permissions, so I could be missing something simple. Can anyone offer
any suggestions?

Thanks,
Phil



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:11:24 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:11:24 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151779451.154552.268710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1151779451.154552.268710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151784684.655279.192040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


gavino wrote:
> list of servers L.txt
> #cat L.txt
> config file is /var/bkupexec/agent.cfg need to add "tell epobackup" to
> bottom of file
> # cat "tell epobackup" >> /var/bkupexec/agent.cfg
> agent is /etc/init.d/agent.ini stop (and then start)
> # /etc/init.d/agent.init stop
> # /etc/init.d/agent.init start
> os=redhat ent 4ES
> I intend to use root password which is same for all 100 servers.
> #now I'm stuck

Read L.txt from (not your shell as you seem to be doing) Python and
connect to each one from pxssh, and send the commands you listed. I am
afraid, you will have to readup and experiment on a smaller scale. The
sample I pointed you to is a rather simple one and you don't seem to
have even tried it.



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 00:13:05 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 04:13:05 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Summercoolness at gmail.com <Summercoolness at gmail.com> wrote:

> it seems that range() can be really slow:
>
> the following program will run, and the last line shows how long it ran
> for:
>
> import time
>
> startTime = time.time()
>
> a = 1.0
> for i in range(0, 30000):
>     if i in range (0, 10000):
>         a += 1
>     if not i % 1000: print i
>
> print a, "   ", round(time.time() - startTime, 1), "seconds"


> or is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
> be as fast?

Creating and then searching a 10,000 element list to see if a
number is between two other numbers is insane.

Using xrange as somebody else suggested is also insane.

If you want to know if a number is between two other numders,
for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.

    if 0 <= i <= 10000:

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  ANN JILLIAN'S HAIR
                                  at               makes LONI ANDERSON'S
                               visi.com            HAIR look like RICARDO
                                                   MONTALBAN'S HAIR!


From subramanian2003 at indiatimes.com  Sat Jul  1 03:47:15 2006
From: subramanian2003 at indiatimes.com (subramanian2003)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 07:47:15 -0000
Subject: missing feature classes and missing fields
Message-ID: <200607010642.MAA21799@WS0005.indiatimes.com>

Hello All,

    How can I check missing feature classes in a folder/personal geodatabase using python script. And how can I check  missing fields in shape files. And also I want to check the attribute values using python.

Thnx,
Subramanian.





From kenneth.m.mcdonald at sbcglobal.net  Fri Jul  7 14:26:42 2006
From: kenneth.m.mcdonald at sbcglobal.net (Kenneth McDonald)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 13:26:42 -0500
Subject: Idea/request for new python mailing list/newsgroup.
Message-ID: <44AEA762.4040808@sbcglobal.net>

Would a mailing list and newsgroup for "python contributions" be of 
interest? I currently have a module which is built on top of, and is 
intended to semantically replace, the 're' module. I use it constantly 
to great advantage, but have not made it public for the following reasons:

* The API should probably be cleaned up in places.
* Documentation is reasonable, but should be more organized and put into 
D'Oxygen format. It also needs to be slightly updated.
* A few more unit tests should be added.
* A few features of regular expressions are not yet available.
* Some capabilities go well beyond those of the re module, and there is 
the potential for much more.

I'd very much likes a ML/newsgroup wherein potential python contributors 
could

* Post alphas/betas and seek feedback.
* Request volunteer help to finish a project.
* Discuss details of implementation (API, useful vs. nonuseful 
functionality, etc.)
* etc. etc. etc.

For example, my library is extremely useful as is, but I currently don't 
have much time to do the things (API cleanup, doc organization, 
potential additional features) that I'd like to see before a public 
release. I also don't have the time or knowledge to set it up as an 
online project. On the other hand, I'd certainly be willing to share my 
experiences and knowledge of the current codebase. An appropriate 
mailing list or newsgroup could give feedback for when I do have time 
and, if my library is interesting enough, possibly even provide some help.

One thing to emphasize is that this should not be a list/newsgroup where 
people post requests or ideas. Requests or ideas for additional 
functionality are a dime a dozen. The sole intent of this group would be 
to provide a forum for discussion and coordination for work which is 
well under way, but needs input or further help.

Cheers,
Ken


From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Tue Jul 25 14:08:32 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 20:08:32 +0200
Subject: self question
In-Reply-To: <1153849559.477348.197160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
	<1153849559.477348.197160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea5mmt$ek0$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

dan.gass at gmail.com schrieb:
>> cnt = 1
>> def foo():
>> 	global cnt
>> 	cnt += 1
>> 	return cnt
>>
>> def bar(x=foo()):
>> 	print x
>>
>> bar()	# 2
>> bar()	# 2
>> bar()	# 2
> 
> Looks to me like you want to use the following programming pattern to
> get dynamic default arguments:
> 
> cnt = 1
> def foo():
> 	global cnt
> 	cnt += 1
> 	return cnt
> 
> def bar(x=None):
> 	if x is None:
> 		x = foo()
> 	print x
>  
> bar()	# 2
> bar()	# 3
> bar()	# 4

yes, I haven't thought of that
nowI changed my class to

class Graph:
	settings = {
		"NumNodes" : 10,
		"MinNodes" : 2,
		"MaxNodes" : 5
	}
	def randomizeEdges(self,
		lowhigh = (settings["MinNodes"], settings["MaxNodes"])):
		low, high = lowhigh
		for node in self.nodes:
			x = random.randint(low, high)
			# link the nodes


maybe the only minor point is that no relationship
can be expressed

settings = {
	"NumNode" : 10,
	"MinNode" : settings["NumNode"] / 2,
	"MaxNode" : settings["NumNode"]
}

but I think the solution is nevertheless ok


Regards, Daniel


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 03:16:53 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:16:53 +0200
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <e8d4lb$sa5$1@sea.gmane.org>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> What do you mean by 'fileformats'?  A script that automagically converts
> *anything* to text?  What about pictures?

that's a one-and-a-half-liner:

    import Image, sys; print list(Image.open(sys.argv[1]).getdata())

</F> 





From chris at kateandchris.net  Wed Jul 19 11:30:24 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 11:30:24 -0400
Subject: WSDL and SOAP?
In-Reply-To: <44B8073A.50304@tobiah.org>
References: <44B8073A.50304@tobiah.org>
Message-ID: <20060719153024.GA12761@kateandchris.net>

If you want to do it in python, pywebsvcs is the place for both SOAPpy and
ZSI, two SOAP frameworks.

The WSDL defines the service's API.  Both SOAPpy and ZSI allow you to use that
to construct SOAP messages and handle the conversion from basic python types
(int, string, etc) to SOAP encoding of those types.

-Chris
On Fri, Jul 14, 2006 at 02:06:02PM -0700, tobiah wrote:
> I need to link an event registration site to
> a housing site.  From what I can gather, I
> make a call to some url that ends in WSDL, and
> get some XML back from the housing site.  Now I'm 
> supposed to make this into an object and call it 
> here and there through SOAP?  Is that how it works?  
> 
> Is this the best place to start?:
> 
> 	http://pywebsvcs.sourceforge.net/
> 
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Toby
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 18 10:00:33 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:00:33 +0000
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153187926.407414.201530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <156vo3-ub3.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153187926.407414.201530 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
Simon Forman <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com> wrote:
>spec wrote:
>> Thanks, actually there are no args, is there something even simpler?
>>
>> Thanks
>> Frank
>
>you could try os.system()
>
>>From the docs:
>
>system(command)
			.
		[more detail]
			.
			.
I'm concerned the follow-ups in this thread have been too subtle.
Here is what you need to know:  use system().  A model such as

  import os
  os.system("my_script")

fulfills exactly the requirements the original poster described.


From jonsmirl at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 20:37:51 2006
From: jonsmirl at gmail.com (Jon Smirl)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:37:51 -0400
Subject: Help with arrays of strings
Message-ID: <pan.2006.08.01.00.37.50.587952@gmail.com>

I only have a passing acquaintance with Python and I need to modify some
existing code. This code is going to get called with 10GB of data so it
needs to be fairly fast. 

http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/ is code for converting a CVS repository to
Subversion. I'm working on changing it to convert from CVS to git.

The existing Python RCS parser provides me with the CVS deltas as
strings.I need to get these deltas into an array of lines so that I can
apply the diff commands that add/delete lines (like 10 d20, etc). What is
the most most efficient way to do this? The data structure needs to be
able to apply the diffs efficently too.

The strings have embedded @'s doubled as an escape sequence, is there an
efficient way to convert these back to single @'s?

After each diff is applied I need to convert the array of lines back into
a string, generate a sha-1 over it and then compress it with zlib and
finally write it to disk. 

The 10GB of data is Mozilla CVS when fully expanded.

Thanks for any tips on how to do this.

Jon Smirl
jonsmirl at gmail.com



From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 17 06:23:01 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:23:01 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <EJydnZRij7pN0SbZnZ2dnUVZ_sKdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de> <e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<EJydnZRij7pN0SbZnZ2dnUVZ_sKdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <e9fonb$cga$1@online.de>

Rob Warnock schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz  <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> +---------------
> | INSERT cannot be expressed in terms of assignment. INSERT creates a new 
> | record; there's no way that assignment in a language like C can create a 
> | new data structure!  The same goes for DELETE.
> +---------------
> 
> Well, what about "malloc()" & "free()"?

These do exactly what assignment cannot do.

The correspondence between SQL and C would be:
   INSERT - malloc() (create a new data structure)
   DELETE - free() (destroy a data structure)
   UPDATE - assignment (change data within a data structure)

Regards,
Jo


From claird at lairds.us  Sat Jul  8 21:52:47 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 01:52:47 +0000
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <f446o3-2u7.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1152405704.389754 at athnrd02>,
IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS  <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:
>I want to learn python.
>I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
>reading on-line tutorials.
>I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
>programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
>should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
>Any recommendations?
>Ioannis
>

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/3539b0fbd9c04db8

http://groups.google.com/groups?as_q=book+beginner&num=10&scoring=d&hl=en&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python*

http://diveintopython.org/


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 10:40:47 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 07:40:47 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem
In-Reply-To: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <20060720144048.41877.qmail@web53103.mail.yahoo.com>



--- Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:

> Note the error is permission denied.  I would guess
> that
> either the file has read-only flag set or perhaps
> the
> 'cccc' program is still running and has the file
> open
> in a separate thread so you can't delete the
> directory
> until it has completed.  You should take a look at
> the
> subprocess module and use something like (not
> tested):
> 
> retcode = call([r'cccc C:\copiedfiles\*.*',
> cmd_out])
> 
> This will wait for execution of cccc to complete
> prior
> to returning.
> 
> -Larry Bates
> 
> 
> Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
> > When I push a button to trigger the code:
> > 
> > def runCCCC(self, event):
> >         cmd_out = self.A_com()
> >         if App.runF != "":
> >             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')            
>    
> >       
> >             for item in App.runF:
> >                 App.beCopied = str(item)
> >                 shutil.copy(App.beCopied,         
> 
> > 'C:\copiedFiles')
> >             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' +
> cmd_out
> >             os.system(cmd)
> >             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
> >         else:
> >             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> > "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        
> > 
> > 
> > I encountered this error:
> > 
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line
> 1345,
> > in __call__
> >     return self.func(*args)
> >   File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line
> 61,
> > in runCCCC
> >     shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
> > ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
> > rmtree
> >     onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
> > rmtree
> >     os.remove(fullname)
> > OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
> > 'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'
> > 
> > 1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
> > inserted to a Listbox,
> > 2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
> > 3. Copying all of these files to this folder with
> the
> > same names,
> > 4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this
> folder,
> > 5. Than removing this folder.
> > 
> > Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got
> and
> > how to solve it?
> > 
> > Regards
> > 
> > 
> > __________________________________________________
> > Do You Yahoo!?
> > Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam
> protection around 
> > http://mail.yahoo.com 

Thank you very much for your reply, during my wait for
an answer I changed the code. 

1. First created the folder
2. Then copied all the files in the listbox to the
folder
3. Run CCCC
3. changed the files' permissions in the folder
4. Then try to remove the folder 

def runCCCC(self, event):
        cmd_out = self.A_com()
        if App.runF != "":
            print len(App.runF)
            os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
      
            for item in App.runF:
              
                shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')   
          
            cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
            os.system(cmd)
            for root,dir,files in
os.walk("C:\copiedFiles"):
                print len(files)
                for j in files:
                    fille = os.path.join(root,j)      
       
                    os.chmod(fille, 0700)
            shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")       
                              




I got another error this time:

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345,
in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line 56,
in runCCCC
    shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')
  File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 81, in copy
    copyfile(src, dst)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 48, in
copyfile
    fdst = open(dst, 'wb')
IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
'C:\\copiedFiles\\Generic_IO.h'

I have more than 200 files in the folder. I will have
nearly 1000 files in each execution. I don't know why
I encountered this error. I am still searching the
reason, and I will check the subprocess module in
anyway.

Regards


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu  Sun Jul  9 15:43:43 2006
From: jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu (John Hunter)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:43:43 -0500
Subject: tk filesave dialog triggers unexpected destroy event
Message-ID: <87ejwu4l8w.fsf@peds-pc311.bsd.uchicago.edu>


The following behavior surprised me.  I have a Tk window and launch a
file save dialog from it.  When the filesave dialog is finished, it
calls callbacks bound to the destroy event on the main window.  Is
this expected, and can I avoid this?

To expose the problem, run this script and click the mouse button over
the application window.  When the file save dialog is through, the
function "callback" is called, which I did not expect because I bound
this callback to the window destroy event.

Thanks for any advice.  Using Tk 1.177

JDH

import Tkinter as Tk
from tkFileDialog import asksaveasfilename

def button(event):
    fname = asksaveasfilename(
        title='Save the figure'
        )


            

window = Tk.Tk()
frame = Tk.Frame(window, width=500,height=500)
frame.bind('<Button-1>', button)
frame.pack()


def callback(*args):
    print 'called callback'
window.bind("<Destroy>", callback)

window.mainloop()




From chan.neo at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:48:19 2006
From: chan.neo at gmail.com (Netkiller)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:48:19 -0700
Subject: my newsgroup base database. (test)
In-Reply-To: <1151995580.254033.47140@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151995456.169775.106990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151995580.254033.47140@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151995699.545871.41530@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Netkiller ???

> Netkiller ???
>
> > #!/usr/bin/python
> > # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
> > """
> > Project: Network News Transport Protocol Server Program
> > Description:
> > ????????????BBS????NNTP???????
>
>


Database SQL Script follow:

-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 2.7.0-rc1
-- http://www.phpmyadmin.net
--
-- Host: localhost
-- Generation Time: Jul 04, 2006 at 02:47 PM
-- Server version: 4.1.18
-- PHP Version: 5.0.5
--
-- Database: `usenet`
--

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `article`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `article`;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `article` (
  `Number` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `MessageID` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  `body` text NOT NULL,
  `Date` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`Number`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=40 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `article`
--

INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (25, '', 'From: "NEO"
<openunix at 163.com>\r\nNewsgroups: cn.test\r\nSubject: test\r\nDate:
Fri, 30 Jun 2006 17:14:17 +0800\r\nLines: 3\r\nX-Priority:
3\r\nX-MSMail-Priority: Normal\r\nX-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook
Express 6.00.2900.2180\r\nX-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE
V6.00.2900.2180\r\nX-RFC2646: Format=Flowed; Original\r\n\r\ntest !
\r\n\r\n\r\n', '2006-06-30 17:14:17');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (26, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 11:34:54
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: aaaaaa\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\n  wrote:\r\n> test ! \r\n> \r\n> \r\n-------------\r\n',
'2006-07-04 11:34:54');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (27, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:57:07
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: bbbbbb\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nbbbbbbbbbbb\r\n', '2006-07-04 13:57:07');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (28, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:58:17
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: bbbbbb\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> bbbbbbbbbbb\r\n', '2006-07-04
13:58:17');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (29, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:28:00
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\ncccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:28:00');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (30, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:29:02
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc My Usenet
<openunix at 163.com>\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1;
format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\r\n\r\nTue wrote:\r\n>
cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:29:02');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (31, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:29:22
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc My Usenet\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nTue wrote:\r\n> Tue wrote:\r\n>> cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04
14:29:22');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (32, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:29:55
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: ddddd\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nddddd\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:29:55');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (33, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:31:32
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: dddddMy Usenet
<openunix at 163.com>\r\nContent-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1;
format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit\r\n\r\nTue wrote:\r\n>
ddddd\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:31:32');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (34, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:31:45
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: bbbbbb\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> bbbbbbbbbbb\r\n', '2006-07-04
14:31:45');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (35, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:32:04
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\ncccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:32:04');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (36, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:32:15
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:32:15');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (37, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:32:18
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:32:18');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (38, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:32:26
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:32:26');
INSERT INTO `article` VALUES (39, '', 'Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:32:32
+0800\r\nFrom: My Usenet <openunix at 163.com>\r\nUser-Agent: Thunderbird
1.5.0.4 (Windows/20060516)\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nNewsgroups:
cn.test\r\nSubject: Re: cccccc\r\nContent-Type: text/plain;
charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding:
7bit\r\n\r\nMy Usenet wrote:\r\n> cccccc\r\n', '2006-07-04 14:32:32');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

--
-- Table structure for table `list`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `list`;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `list` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `group` varchar(255) NOT NULL default '',
  `last` varchar(10) NOT NULL default '',
  `first` varchar(10) NOT NULL default '',
  `p` char(1) default 'y',
  `date` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COMMENT='RFC977 3.6.1. LIST'
AUTO_INCREMENT=3 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `list`
--

INSERT INTO `list` VALUES (1, 'cn.test', '10', '5', 'y', '0000-00-00
00:00:00');
INSERT INTO `list` VALUES (2, 'cn.comp.os', '10', '5', 'y', '2006-06-27
00:00:00');



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 10:33:55 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:33:55 GMT
Subject: python/xpath question...
References: <mailman.7866.1152202933.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <87ac7iq23w.fsf@reportlab.com>

(Damn gmane's authorizor, I think I lost four postings because the
auth messages went to my work email address (and I thought the
authorization was supposed to be one-time only per group anyway??).  I
deleted them as spam since I hadn't posted from there for days :-(
Grrr.  At least I could reconstruct this one...)

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> writes:

> for guys with python/xpath expertise..
> 
> i'm playing with xpath.. and i'm trying to solve an issue...
> 
> i have the following kind of situation where i'm trying to get certain data.
> 
> i have a bunch of tr/td...
> 
> i can create an xpath, that gets me all of the tr.. i only want to get the
> sibling tr up until i hit a 'tr' that has a 'th' anybody have an idea as to
> how this query might be created?..
[...]

((//tr/th)[2]/../following-sibling::tr/td/..)[count(.|((//tr/th)[3]/../preceding-sibling::*))=count((//tr/th)[3]/../preceding-sibling::*)]


which makes use of the following idiom for writing an intersection:

$set1[count(.|$set2)=count($set2)]


and gets the second group in the sequence you describe.  IMHO, this
illustrates what happens when XPath is pushed too far ;-) I don't see
an easier way, but perhaps I missed one.

Example code:

(Note that the expression used here doesn't get any trailing group of
tr elements if there's no terminating tr/th -- that fits your
specification, but may not be what you really wanted.  To fix that,
meditate on the above expression for an hour or two <0.8 wink>.)

#---------------------------------------------------------
def xpath(path, source):
    import StringIO
    import pprint
    from lxml import etree
    f = StringIO.StringIO(source)
    tree = etree.parse(f)
    r = tree.xpath(path)
    #return "\n".join(etree.tostring(el) for el in r)
    return pprint.pformat([etree.tostring(el) for el in r])

simple = """\
<html>
<tr><th>A</th></tr>
<tr><td>B</td></tr>
<tr><td>C</td></tr>
<tr><th>D</th></tr>
<tr><td>E</td></tr>
<tr><td>F</td></tr>
<tr><th>G</th></tr>
<tr><td>H</td></tr>
<tr><td>I</td></tr>
</html>
"""

for i in range(3):
    expr = '((//tr/th)[%s]/../following-sibling::tr/td/..)[count(.|((//tr/th)[%s]/../preceding-sibling::*))=count((//tr/th)[%s]/../preceding-sibling::*)]' % (i+1, i+2, i+2)
    print "---------------------"
    print xpath(expr, simple)
#---------------------------------------------------------


john[0]$ tst.py
---------------------
['<tr><td>B</td></tr>\n', '<tr><td>C</td></tr>\n']
---------------------
['<tr><td>E</td></tr>\n', '<tr><td>F</td></tr>\n']
---------------------
[]


Knowing what you're doing, though, you'd probably be better off with
BeautifulSoup than XPath.  Also note that mechanize (which I know
you're using) only supports BeautifulSoup 2 at present.  You can't use
BeautifulSoup 3 yet (I hope to fix that 'RSN').


John


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Mon Jul 17 05:12:49 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 02:12:49 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153127569.117917.73090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
> What the language reference should have said IMO is that in case x
> is an attribute reference, index or slicing, the primary expression
> will be evaluated only once, as will be the index or slice in the
> two latter cases.

I think the difficulty here for the author of this particular section
of the reference is in describing the mechanisms at work whilst keeping
the description at a conceptual level which can be directly connected
to the source text in a program. However, apart from providing a vague
intuition about how augmented assignment must work, the description
doesn't answer all questions effectively, particularly in cases where
the actual assignments are not simple local/global name binding
operations.

One way to consider augmented assignment is as a statement formulated
in the following way:

setvalue(namespace, name, op(getvalue(namespace, name), expr))

Consider an augmented assignment on a local name:

a += b

This could be phrased as follows:

setname(locals, "a", add(getname(locals, "a"), b))

Or really:

setname(locals, "a", add(getname(locals, "a"), getname(locals, "b")))

Consider an augmented assignment on an attribute:

a.b += c

This could also be phrased similarly:

setattr(a, "b", add(getattr(a, "b"), c))

And consider an augmented assignment on an item:

a[b] += c

This too is phrased similarly:

setitem(a, b, add(getitem(a, b), c))

So, as long as you're willing to accept that the setvalue class of
operations (setname, setattr, setitem) aren't really evaluating the
target of the assignment - strictly, the thing being replaced in the
assignment - then only the getvalue class of operations (getname,
getattr, getitem) are causing the evaluation of the target. And since
setname is just a normal name binding assignment which we know doesn't
cause the target to be evaluated, we can assume that the other
operations in that class behave similarly.

Now, one aspect of evaluation has been skipped in the above
explanation: what if we have a "complicated" expression on the left
hand side? Consider this:

a.f().x += y

We could naively write this as follows:

setattr(a.f(), "x", add(getattr(a.f(), "x"), y))

However, it looks like we are evaluating at least part of the left hand
side twice. Thus, we need to be a bit clearer about what really
happens:

namespace = a.f()
setattr(namespace, "x", add(getattr(namespace, "x"), y))

In order to avoid double evaluation, we first obtain the target
namespace (or itemspace, I suppose). Then, we perform the operations as
stated above.

So, to conclude, augmented assignment involves the evaluation of any
expression which gives the target namespace (trivial in the case of
local/global name binding, non-trivial otherwise), then a compound
operation of the form given above involving two classes of operations,
each providing operations to act on names, attributes and items.

I doubt that this explanation is simple, clear or efficient enough for
the language reference, but then any explanation shouldn't be
constrained in terms of complexity in a way that, for example, a
tutorial explanation should be. Despite cries of "you must get it now!"
from various quarters, I think this thread has been informative, and
I'd like to thank you for bringing this matter to the group's
attention, Antoon.

Paul



From larry.bates at websafe.com  Thu Jul 20 09:54:21 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:54:21 -0500
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8364.1153389454.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8364.1153389454.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>

Note the error is permission denied.  I would guess that
either the file has read-only flag set or perhaps the
'cccc' program is still running and has the file open
in a separate thread so you can't delete the directory
until it has completed.  You should take a look at the
subprocess module and use something like (not tested):

retcode = call([r'cccc C:\copiedfiles\*.*', cmd_out])

This will wait for execution of cccc to complete prior
to returning.

-Larry Bates


Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
> When I push a button to trigger the code:
> 
> def runCCCC(self, event):
>         cmd_out = self.A_com()
>         if App.runF != "":
>             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
>       
>             for item in App.runF:
>                 App.beCopied = str(item)
>                 shutil.copy(App.beCopied,          
> 'C:\copiedFiles')
>             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
>             os.system(cmd)
>             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
>         else:
>             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        
> 
> 
> I encountered this error:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345,
> in __call__
>     return self.func(*args)
>   File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line 61,
> in runCCCC
>     shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
> ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
> rmtree
>     onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
> rmtree
>     os.remove(fullname)
> OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
> 'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'
> 
> 1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
> inserted to a Listbox,
> 2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
> 3. Copying all of these files to this folder with the
> same names,
> 4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this folder,
> 5. Than removing this folder.
> 
> Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got and
> how to solve it?
> 
> Regards
> 
> 
> __________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
> http://mail.yahoo.com 



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 22:35:23 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 19:35:23 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <878xmqs6j2.fsf@gmail.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd817f$0$17267$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153273211.925635.8980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<878xmqs6j2.fsf@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1153276523.346307.156620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Jorge Godoy wrote:
> "Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> writes:
>
> > Well, I certainly can agree with that, except for the last point. :)  I
> > certainly wouldn't want to keep that unfortunate behavior around just I
> > have something to use as an argument using len to test emptiness.
>
> On the other hand, having this behavior makes it so simple to deal with some
> algorithms because on doesn't need to know if the given object does or does
> not support len()...

First of all, the unfortunate behavior I was referring to was the fact
that iterables that have unknown length are true in a boolean context,
even if they happen to be empty.  Bruno and I had a disagreement over
whether this should also be a wart for lists and such, but I think we
agree that it would be better generators and other iterators raised an
exception in a boolean context.

Getting back to your reply--can you give an example of a useful
function that needs to do what you want?  (Let's disregard iterators
and arrays for now, and focus on older Python types like lists, tuples,
strings, integers, floats, None, etc.)  Can you give me an example of a
useful function that needs to test the truth value of an object, but
that can't rely on it having a length?

The only example I can think of here is a function that does nothing
with an object except pass it to other functions.  Almost anything else
you do with an object pigeonholes it as a sequence or atomic type:
you've already assumed whether it has a length or not.


Carl Banks



From okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr  Tue Jul  4 07:02:05 2006
From: okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr (Omer KORKMAZ)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 14:02:05 +0300
Subject: sys.exit call from pythonw.exe gives error
Message-ID: <CDF9DBF39668804188BBA04A91BFCB47FDBAC5@albatros.havelsan.intranet>

 

I wrote a python GUI with tkInter and installed it on a windows machine
with the .pyw extension, so it will be executed from pythonw.exe instead
of python.exe, since I didn't want the console window to appear.
My application exits with a call to sys.exit. However, when this call is
executed under pythonw.exe I get an error popup window with the
following messeage:
 
---- start quote ----
Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library
Runtime Error!
Program: C:\Python24\pythonw.exe
 
This application has requested the Runtime to terminate in an unusual
way.
Please contact the application support team for more information
---- end quote ----

 

 

Did you find a solution for this problem?

 

Best Regards,

 

Omer Korkmaz

Ext: 3138

 


Dikkat:
Bu elektronik posta mesaji kisisel ve ozeldir. Eger size gonderilmediyse lutfen gondericiyi bilgilendirip mesaji siliniz.Firmamiza gelen ve giden mesajlar virus taramasindan gecirilmekte, guvenlik nedeni ile kontrol edilerek saklanmaktadir.Mesajdaki gorusler  gondericiye ait olup HAVELSAN A.S. resmi gorusu olmak zorunda degildir.


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From shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 12:58:13 2006
From: shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com (shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 09:58:13 -0700
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
In-Reply-To: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
Message-ID: <1152377893.184757.165790@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

The wx demos contain an embedded browser (integrates an IE window)
example.

spooky wrote:
> Hey,
>
> For windows there is a object wx.lib.iewin to integrate a browserwindow
> into a python-wx-application.
> I need a similar object, that runs under linux.
> 
> Need help!!!
> 
> Thx,
> 
> Spooky



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 16:54:45 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:54:45 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
References: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <1154379285.20290.51.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 15:21 -0400, Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
> 
>  
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

BTW, I'm assuming this example was contrived.  In real life, I wonder
why you'd ever want to use anything besides:

bits = [ 0 ] * 16
bits [ 4 ] = 1
print "Bit Array:"
print ' '.join ( bits )

Having a "set_bit" function seems redundant when the language syntax
directly supports what you are trying to do.

Regards,
Cliff

-- 



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 12:05:33 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 09:05:33 -0700
Subject: {} for set notation
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152893133.357692.310670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I really like the set notation idea. Now that sets are first class
"citizens" along with dicts, lists and tuples I think they should be
used when it makes sense to use them A keyset of a dictionary should be
viewed as a set not a list because it is a key_set_ after all. Also
sets should get back their traditional notation of '{' and '}', which
dictionaries have been in 'borrowing'  for all this time in Python.

When defining a non-empty set it could be unambiguous to share the
notation. So :
{1,2,3}  is  set([1,2,3])
while
{1:'a', 2:'b', 3:'c'} could still be the a dictionary. Of course then
{1, 2, 3:'b'} would be undefined and would raise an exception or
alternatively be equivalent to {1:None, 2:None, 3:'b'} - a dictionary.

As far as the set and dictionary notation being "confusing" it seems
that a common notation is actually  a _benefit_, after all sets and
dictionaries are not that different!  A dictionary is a mapping
(surgective explicit function?) from  a _set_ of keys to a set
(actually a bad or multiset in Python) of values. At the same time a
set can also be regarded as a degenerate dictionary as in  {1:None,
2:None, 3:None}. A similarity of notation does make sense to me.

Of course the empty set is the problem since {} could be interpreted
ambiguously as both a set or a dictionary. I think it makes sense to
give the '{}' notation to the empty _set_ as this will make more sense
as far as common sense goes. If the proposal is to have {x} be the a
set([x]) then it only makes sense for {} be a set([]). This will break
compatibility with old code and that is why it should be in Python 3000
not in 2.x.x The empty dictionary is probably best represented as {:},
it is actually more clear this way as it shows that there is a key and
a value separated by ':' and in this case they are both missing so it
is an empty dictionary.

Also the frozenset, although not used as often, could still probably
get its own notation too.
For example:
1.    ({1,2,3})  - a symmetry with tuples, which are also immutable.
The problem of a one element tuple i.e. (10,) not (10) will also be
present here. So just as there is a need to use a comma to make
(10,)=tuple([10]) one would have to use a comma to specify that a tuple
is needed and not a a frozenset() but at the same time the ({1,2,3})
could then never be reduced to {1,2,3}.
 In other words:
({1,2,3},) is  tuple({1,2,3})
({1,2,3}) is a frozenset([1,2,3]) and never just {1,2,3}.
This notation would make the parser go 'nuts'. I think the next idea
might be better:

2.  _{1,2,3}_ - the underscores '_'  intuitively could mean that the
braces are fixed blocks and will not "move"  to accomodate addition or
removal of elements i.e.  the fact that the frozenset is immutable. Or
perhaps a more verbose _{_1,2,3_}_ would be better, not sure...

3. {|1,2,3|}  or maybe  |{1,2,3}|  - same aesthetic rationale as above,
'|'s look like 'fences' that will not allow the braces to 'move', but
this would look to much like Ruby's blocks so  1 and 2 might be better.

In general a 'set' are a fundamental data structure. It has always been
secondary in traditional programming languages.  For simplicity in
implementation arrays and lists have been  used to mimic a set.  Now
that Python has a built in set it only makes sense to give it its own
notation and maybe Python 3000 is just the right time for it.

- Nick Vatamaniuc

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> >From this interesting blog entry by Lawrence Oluyede:
> http://www.oluyede.org/blog/2006/07/05/europython-day-2/
> and the Py3.0 PEPs, I think the people working on Py3.0 are doing a
> good job, I am not expert enough (so I don't post this on the Py3.0
> mailing list), but I agree with most of the things they are agreeing
> to. Few notes:
>
> - input() vanishes and raw_input() becomes sys.stdin.readline(). I
> think a child that is learning to program with Python can enjoy
> something simpler: input() meaning what raw_input() means today.
>
>
> - dict.keys() and items() returns a set view
>
> This is being discussed here too a lot, I agree that they will just
> become equivalent to iterkeys() and iteritems().
>
>
> - dict.values() a bag (multiset) view
>
> I think this isn't a good idea, I think bags can be useful but in this
> situation they make things too much complex.
>
>
> http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3100/#core-language :
> - Set literals and comprehensions: {x} means set([x]); {x, y} means
> set([x, y]). {F(x) for x in S if P(x)} means set(F(x) for x in S if
> P(x)). NB. {range(x)} means set([range(x)]), NOT set(range(x)). There's
> no literal for an empty set; use set() (or {1}&{2} :-). There's no
> frozenset literal; they are too rarely needed.
>
> I like the idea of set literals, but using {1:2} for dicts and {1, 2}
> for sets may look a bit confusing.
> And using {} for the empty dict is confusing even more, newbies will
> use it a lot for empty sets. Maybe the {:} for the empty dict and {}
> for the empty set are a bit better.
> Maybe a better syntax can be use a different denotator, to distinguis
> the two structures better. Some possibilities are nice looking but not
> easy to type:
> ?1, 2?
> Other may be confused with bitwise operators:
> |1, 2|
> Others are bad looking and not easy to type (some nationalized
> keyboards don't have the `):
> ?1, 2?
> `1, 2`
> Some of them are too much long:
> <<<1, ,2>>>
> Maybe using two nested like this is better (you can't put a dict or set
> in a set, so there are no ambiguities):
> {{1, 2}}
>
> I don't have a definitive good solution, but I think that adopting a
> bad solution is worse than using set(...). Set literals are cute but
> not necessary. Choosing things that increase the probability of bugs
> isn't good.
>
> ---------------------
>
> In the past I have suggested other possibilities for Py3.0, nothing
> really important, but few things can be interesting.
>
> - cmp() (or comp(), comp4(), etc) returns 4 values (<, ==, >, not
> comparable).
> - do - while.
> - NOT OR AND XOR as bitwise operators syntax.
> - Better syntax for octals and hex numbers.
> - obj.copy() and obj.deepcopy() methods for all objects.
> - Simplification and unification of string formatting (I have seen they
> are working on this already).
> - Intersection and subtraction among dicts.
>
> Less important things:
> - More human syntax for REs
> - Optional auto stripping of newlines during an iteration on a file.
> - String split that accepts a sequence of separators too.
> - a function in the math library to test for approximate FP equality.
> - something in cmath to do a better conversion of polar<->cartesian
> complex number conversion
> - xpermutations and xcombinations generators in the standard library.
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile



From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 12:35:38 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:35:38 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<1152543751.186771.113230@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1c2fbdc841bd58989774@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> It's never been a strong point. Made worse now that my daughter
> is one of those up-at-the-crack-of-dawn types, and not old enough
> to understand why it's not nice to jump on mommy and daddy's
> bed while they're still asleep. But aren't you actually a time zone
> or two east of me?

Yes, I confess I'm one time zone to your east, and I was posting later 
than you.  So perhaps it wasn't really past your bedtime.

> The fields of an object/struct/what have you are often hidden behind
> a method-based interface (sometimes callled "encapsulated") only
> because we can't control their values otherwise.

I believe there are actually two kinds of encapsulation.  The kind of 
encapsulation that best fits your statement there is the getter/setter 
sort, which says: "logically, I want an object with some set of fields, 
but I can't make them fields because I lose control over their values".  
That part can definitely be replaced, in a suitably powerful language, 
with static constraints.

The other half of encapsulation, though, is of the sort that 	I mentioned 
in my post.  I am intentionally choosing to encapsulate something 
because I don't actually know how it should end up being implemented 
yet, or because it changes often, or something like that.  I may 
encapsulate the implementation of current tax code specifically because 
I know that tax code changes on a year-to-year basis, and I want to 
ensure that the rest of my program works no matter how the tax code is 
modified.  There may be huge structural changes in the tax code, and I 
only want to commit to leaving a minimal interface.

In practice, the two purposes are not cleanly separated from each other.  
Most people, if asked why they write getters and setters, would respond 
not only that they want to validate against assignments to the field, 
but also that it helps isolate changes should they change the internal 
representation of the class.  A publicly visible static constraint 
language that allows the programmer to change the internal 
representation of a class obviously can't make reference to any field, 
since it may cease to exist with a change in representation.

> However for a function, the "fields" are the in and out parameters.
> The specific values in the relation that the function is aren't known
> until runtime either, (and then only the subset for which we actually
> perform computation.)
> 
> Did that make sense?

I didn't understand that last bit.

> There are certainly syntactic issues, but I believe these are amenable
> to the usual approaches. The runtime/compile time question, and
> decidability seem bigger issues to me.

Well, the point of static typing is to do what's possible without 
reaching the point of undecidability.  Runtime support for checking the 
correctness of type ascriptions certainly comes in handy when you run 
into those limits.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From spacelabstudio at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:30:16 2006
From: spacelabstudio at gmail.com (spacelabstudio at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:30:16 -0700
Subject: Weird platform dependent error: Using pty.fork()
Message-ID: <1152891016.642604.290480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I'm observing some weird behavior and have written the following
test program to demonstrate.  This works under cygwin/WinXP but not
Gentoo(kernel 2.6):

huh.py
-------------------------------------------
import pty,os,sys

# Fork
( pid, fd ) = pty.fork()

if pid == 0:
    # Child thread
    print 'Have a happy day!'
    print 'Forza Azzurri!'

else:
    # Controlling process
    # read stdout from child process
    # and send to stderr
    stream = os.fdopen( fd )
    line = stream.readline()
    while len( line ) > 0:
        sys.stderr.write(line)
        line = stream.readline()
    stream.close()
-------------------------------------------

This program runs perfectly under cygwin on Windows XP using python
2.4.3:

========================================================================
crossi at 6M0D481 ~/proj/plum
$ python huh.py
Have a happy day!
Forza Azzurri!

crossi at 6M0D481 ~/proj/plum
$ python huh.py 2>/dev/null

crossi at 6M0D481 ~/proj/plum
$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#1, May 18 2006, 07:40:45)
[GCC 3.3.3 (cygwin special)] on cygwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

crossi at 6M0D481 ~/proj/plum
$
========================================================================

But on Gentoo (2.6 kernel) with Python 2.4.3 it dies with an I/O error
when it hits the end of the stream:

========================================================================
chris at jupiter ~/proj/plum $ python huh.py
Have a happy day!
Forza Azzurri!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "huh.py", line 19, in ?
    line = stream.readline()
IOError: [Errno 5] Input/output error
chris at jupiter ~/proj/plum $ python huh.py 2>/dev/null
chris at jupiter ~/proj/plum $ python
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Jul 13 2006, 23:02:30)
[GCC 3.3.6 (Gentoo 3.3.6, ssp-3.3.6-1.0, pie-8.7.8)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
========================================================================

Anybody have any idea what's going on here?  Is there a better way to
fork and capture the output of the child process?

Thanks,
Chris



From deusfaber at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 18:28:19 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 15:28:19 -0700
Subject: starting and stopping a program from inside a python script
Message-ID: <1151965699.491050.137660@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Aloha!
 I want to terminate a process/program from within a python script.

For example,
if I have a program say foo.sh that starts running, then I can run it
from within a python script using
os.popen('foo.sh') which starts a program/process say 'bar'

At some point later,  I want to kill 'bar'. Currently, I start off the
process and then when the python script exits, the process 'bar' is
still running and I have to issue ps -ef  | grep 'bar' and then kill
it.

Is there any better way of doing this?



From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 20 08:03:43 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:03:43 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <4i99ovF2p7i7U1@uni-berlin.de>

> Lol. I actually did *un*learn the hard way.
> 
> Mystilleef, I've started programing 17 years ago, and have done it
> professionnaly for almost 10 years now. I do not pretend to be a good
> programmer, but please believe that I do know my job. I've read the Book
> too, I've tried applying it blindly, then I used my brain. Once you
> understand the real reasons behind a "rule", you also understand when
> and how to apply or not apply it.


To second that:

"""
A Foolish Consistency is the Hobgoblin of Little Minds
"""

http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/


Diez


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul  9 11:37:08 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 15:37:08 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneasilo.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2bqs1ow5r.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb01b5.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ejwuoqk5.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneb28l4.r05.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-09, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> It is conceptually different. In the line 'a = b' you don't need to
>>AP> search for the scope of a. You know it is the current scope, if you
>
> Except when it has been declared global.

Yes, I ignored that possibilitym because as far as I understood we
were discussing variables in intermediate scopes.

>>AP> want to know the scope of b on the other hand, you need to search
>>AP> for statement where it is assigned to.
>
>>AP> Sure you can set things up in the interpreter so that the same search
>>AP> routine is used, but that is IMO an implementation detail.
>
>>>> Well, it is not. But I can understand the
>>>> confusion. Namely, `a = b' introduces a binding for `a' in the local scope,
>>>> unless `a' was declared global. So the search will find `a' in the local
>>>> scope and it stops there. On the other hand `a.b = c' will not introduce a
>>>> binding for `a'. So the search for `a' may stop in the local space (if
>>>> there was another binding for `a' in the local scope) or it may need to
>>>> continue to outer scopes. The difference, however is not the
>>>> complicatedness of the lefthand side but whether the local scope contains a
>>>> binding for the variable.
>
>>AP> The complicatedness of the lefthand side, decided on whether the
>>AP> variable was introduced in the local scope or not during startup
>>AP> time. So that complicatedness decided whether the search was
>>AP> to stop at the local level or not.

> No, it doesn't. There could be another binding in the same scope.

Indeed there could be. But I hoped you would understand I was just
keeping things simple, with a simple example.

> The
> complicatedness of this particular assignment doesn't decide anything about
> how to search for 'a', but rather the presence or absence of a binding
> anywhere in the scope.

I'll word it differently. If the compiler encounters a line like 'a = b'
then you know from that line alone that the search space for a will be
limited to the local scope. If you encounter a line like 'a.c = b' then
you have no such knowledge. A line like 'a = b' will cause the compilor
that at call time variable a will be added to the local scope, a line like
'a.c = b' will not have that effect. So a line like 'a = b' has an
influence on what the search space is for variable a, while a line
like 'a.c = b' doesn't. So the complicatedness on the leftside decides
whether or not the compilor will take certain actions with regards to
the search space of the variable on the left side.

And yes I'm again ignoring global.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From pupeno at pupeno.com  Thu Jul 27 04:46:40 2006
From: pupeno at pupeno.com (Pupeno)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:46:40 +0000
Subject: Worarrounding hardcoded Option class in optparse in Python 2.3
References: <44c7e381$0$22015$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <44c87d62$0$24899$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

For the record, the copy and paste fix seems to have worked, so far.

Pupeno wrote:

> Hello,
> I am doing some extreme use of optparse, that is, extending it as
> explained on
> http://docs.python.org/lib/optparse-other-reasons-to-extend-optparse.html
> I have subclassed OptionParser and Option. MyOptionParser uses MyOption as
> option_class and in Python 2.4 it works. But I have to target Python 2.3.
> In Python 2.3 the help and version options seem to be created before even
> a parser is created and they are created using a hardcoded call to Option.
> So, they are not using MyOption. I am creating MyOption specifically for
> the help and version Option so I need the to be MyOption.
> I check out the documentation of this module for Python 2.3 and it
> recommends the same procedure:
> http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/lib/optparse-extending-other-reasons.html
> Is this a bug in Python 2.3 that was solved in 2.4 and nobody cared to
> backport ?
> At any rate, what are my options (no pun intended) ?
> I could copy and paste the fix[1] from Python 2.4 into MyOptionParser; I
> checked it carefull and it seems it would work, but I am not sure, does
> anybody know ?
> Should I override the hardcoded module variables of optparse in 2.3 ?
> (that seems like a bad, bad idea).
> I am open to suggestions.
> Thanks.

-- 
Pupeno <pupeno at pupeno.com> (http://pupeno.com)


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 04:38:00 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:38:00 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> At first I was going to post the following:
> 
> <!-- beginning of my original post -->
> 
(snip)
> 
> <!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->
> 
> but then I tried this:
> 
> 
>>>>res = Foo.__dict__['func']
>>>>res is dan
> 
> True
> 
> And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
> not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
> a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!
> This is still a little bit of magic,

FWIW, the function class implements the descriptor protocol... Here's
the "magic".

> which gets me thinking again about
> the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> and unexpected in my case,

"unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
passed as first arg when doing method calls ?

> why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> privates?

What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
restriction ?

(snip)

> BTW, I am aware of Python's name mangling feature.

Name mangling is mainly here to protect from accidental overridding. The
 convention for implementation attributes is single-leading-underscore.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sat Jul  1 17:30:48 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 07:30:48 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6e985$1@news.eftel.com>

On 2/07/2006 6:01 AM, vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
> This has been bothering me for a while. 
[snip]

Summary of OP's post: d.keys() and d.values() should return sets in 
Python 3.0.

Observations:
(1) My code [some of which dates back to Python 1.5.1] uses about 12 x 
d.items() and 11 x d.keys() for each 1 x d.values()
(2) Most cases of d.X() don't need/want the untrammelled list and could 
be replaced by d.iterX(). Example: max_frequency = max(tally.values())

Opinion: d.X() could be deprecated, but I'd rather see a 
consciousness-raising for the d.iterX() methods, and for the construct
     for key in d:

Cheers,
John




From crankycoder at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:55:46 2006
From: crankycoder at gmail.com (Victor Ng)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:55:46 -0400
Subject: build problems with Python 2.4.3 under Solaris 10
Message-ID: <a8bfd74c0607281155p680f465cy69eb0c4caae1308@mail.gmail.com>

How do I enable readline support for Python under Solaris 10?

I've got CSWreadline installed in /opt/csw from blastwave, but I'm not
having any luck getting the readline.so module compiled.

I'm using:

CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/csw/include" LDFLAGS="-L/opt/csw/lib" ./configure
--prefix=/opt/python/2.4.3 --enable-shared --disable-tkinter
--enable-readline --libdir=/opt/csw/lib  --includedir=/opt/csw/include
--enable-rpath --enable-curses

>From the SciPy page, I've modified the pyconfig.h file after configure is
run so that matplotlib will compile:

http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/CompilingMatPlotLibOnSolaris10

          2 after extracting it and running ./configure, edit the generated
pyconfig.h as follows:

   -

   i) if _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined to be 600 (i.e., if the line "#define
   _XOPEN_SOURCE 600" appears in the file), redefine it to 500

   ii) if _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is defined at all (i.e. if the line
   "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1" appears in the file), comment out its
   definition


But other than that - I haven't done anything special.  What am I doing
wrong?

vic
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From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 02:34:20 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 23:34:20 -0700
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <44b5e4b8$0$6693$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b5e4b8$0$6693$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1152772460.221208.205490@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

How do i append characters to a string?

actually my entire handler code is
class oldHandler(ContentHandler):


                def __init__(self):
  			self.fn = 0
			self.dn = 0
   			self.i=[]
			self.x=""
			self.y=""
			self.z=""
			self.t=0
                        self.xx=''

		def startElement(self, name, attrs):
			if name=='dirname':
				self.dn=1
			if name=='name':
                       		self.fn=1
			if name=='time':
				self.t=1

		def characters(self,str):
			if self.dn:
				self.x=str

			if self.fn:
                                self.y=str
			if self.t:
				self.z=str
				ss= self.x+'/'+self.y+','+self.z+ '\r \n'
				self.i.append(ss)
                def endElement(self, name):
			if name == 'dirname':
				self.dn=0
			if name=='name':
				self.fn=0
			if name=='time':
                                self.t=0


		def endDocument(self):
                    f=open('old.txt', 'w')
		    self.i.sort
                    f.writelines(self.i)
		    f.close
so my old.txt now looks like this
y+def.txt,200607130417
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
wx\abc.txt,200607130415

But i wont the output as
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
w&y\def.txt,200607130417
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
wx\abc.txt,200607130415


Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Kirt wrote:
> > i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
> > one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
> > #------------------test1.xml
> > <Directory>
> >   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
> > w&amp;y </dirname>
> >   <file>
> >   <name>def.txt</name>
> >   <time>200607130417</time>
> >   </file>
> > </Directory>
> >  <Directory>
> >   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
> > wx</dirname>
> >   <file>
> >   <name>abc.txt</name>
> >   <time>200607130415</time>
> >   </file>
> > </Directory
> >
> > now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
> > name.
> > ###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
> > from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
> > class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
> >                def __init__(self):
> >   			self.dn = 0
> >                 def startElement(self, name, attrs):
> > 			if name=='dirname':
> > 				self.dn=1
> >
> > 		def characters(self,str):
> > 			if self.dn:
> >                                print str
>
>
> The problem is here. "print" adds a newline. Don't use print, just append the
> characters (to a string or list) until the endElement callback is called.
>
>
> >                 def endElement(self, name):
> > 			if name == 'dirname':
> >                          	self.dn=0
> >
> >
> > #---------------------------------------------------------------------
> > #main code--- fname----art.py
> > import sys
> > from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
> > from handlers import	oldHandler
> >
> > ch = oldHandler()
> > saxparser = make_parser()
> >
> > saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
> > saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
> > #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
> >
> > i am getting output as:
> >
> > C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
> > &
> > y
> > C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> >
> > where as i need an output which should look like this.
> > C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
> >
> > C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> > 
> > Can someone tell me the solution for this.
> >



From timothy at open-networks.net  Fri Jul 28 23:59:02 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 13:59:02 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <44CADD06.4040908@open-networks.net>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-28, Timothy Smith <timothy at open-networks.net> wrote:
>
>   
>> i've been trying to send an 8 byte string to my parallel port
>> under freebsd. the purpose is it to control a relay board. the
>> board simply responds to the output byte coming from the port.
>> eg.  00000001 will set pin 1 high and flick the relay open.
>> todate i've attempted this with merely open() on /dev/ppi0 and
>> numpy for the byte array, but i just can't seem to get it
>> working. i know the parallel port works and i know the relay
>> board works (tested it with it's own windows ultility) so it's
>> just my crappy programming keeping me from success.
>>     
>
> I'm guessing there's an implied request for help there
> somewhere.  This would be a good start:
>
>   http://www.google.com/search?q=python+parallel+port
>
> I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
> module found here:
>
>   http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/
>
> I've not used pyparallel, but based on my experience with
> pyserial and some of Chris Liechti's other work, I'd bet
> dollars to doughnuts it's your best option.
>   
>   
yes, i did try pyparallel however it will not install on freebsd, 
setup.py errors.

and yes i've done quite a bit of googling, i never expected it to be 
this difficult. i've done work with serial ports before. never parallel but.


From bignose+hates-spam at benfinney.id.au  Sun Jul 16 09:21:03 2006
From: bignose+hates-spam at benfinney.id.au (Ben Finney)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 23:21:03 +1000
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
Message-ID: <878xmt7kjk.fsf@benfinney.id.au>

"Boomshiki" <RayLang at gmail.com> writes:

> I am aware that someone can recreate what we have done, but for them
> to cut, paste, sell is kind of a rip off.

Unless you factor that into your business model, and create compelling
value that doesn't depend on the secrecy of something you place under
the customer's control.

-- 
 \       "Try to learn something about everything and everything about |
  `\                                       something."  -- T.H. Huxley |
_o__)                                                                  |
Ben Finney



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Thu Jul 20 03:42:34 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:42:34 +1200
Subject: mysqldb problem
References: <1153317137.705813.227380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9nc41$6b3$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153317137.705813.227380 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>, liupei
wrote:

> when I set mysql some fields collate utf8_bin, and then fetch these
> fields is array.array,not the string I expected

Can you post some example code?


From saad82 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 22:43:15 2006
From: saad82 at gmail.com (saad82 at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:43:15 -0700
Subject: replacing single line of text
In-Reply-To: <1154134941.169611.297490@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154134941.169611.297490@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154313795.889842.85740@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Simon & Tim, very valuable responses. Thank you much!

Simon Forman wrote:
> saad82 at gmail.com wrote:
> > I want to be able to replace a single line in a large text file
> > (several hundred MB). Using the cookbook's method (below) works but I
> > think the replace fxn chokes on such a large chunk of text. For now, I
> > simply want to replace the 1st line (CSV header) in the file but I'd
> > also like to know a more general solution for any line in the file.
> > There's got a be quick and dirty (and cheap) way to do this... any
> > help?
> >
> > Cookbook's method:
> > output_file.write(input_file.read().replace(stext, rtext))
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Pythonner
>
> The read() method of a file will "read all data until EOF is reached"
> if you don't pass it a size argument.  If your file is "several hundred
> MB" and your RAM is not, you may have some trouble with this.
>
> I don't know how well the replace() method works on tenths-of-a-GB
> strings.
>
> The file object supports line-by-line reads through both the readline()
> and readlines() methods, but be aware that the readlines() method will
> also try to read ALL the data into memory at once unless you pass it a
> size argument.
>
> You can also iterate through the lines in an open file object like so:
>
> for line in input_file:
>     # Do something with the line here.
>
> so, if you know that you want to replace a whole actual line, you could
> do this like so:
>
> for line in input_file:
>     if line == stext:
>         output_file.write(rtext)
>     else:
>         output_file.write(line)
>
>
> Check out the docs on the file object for more info:
> http://docs.python.org/lib/bltin-file-objects.html
> 
> 
> HTH,
> ~Simon



From iainking at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 04:10:59 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 01:10:59 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152087059.154779.255730@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


Mike Kent wrote:
> Roman wrote:
> > Thanks for your help
> >
> > My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file.  So, I would
> > like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).
> >
> > I have made the following changes and it still doesn't work.
> >
> >
> > cnt = 0
> > p=[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]
> > reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
> >                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> > for line in reader:
> >     if cnt > 6:
> >        break
> >     j = 0
> >     for col in line:
> >        p[j].append(col)
> >        j=j+1
> >     cnt = cnt + 1
> >
> > print p
>
> p[j] does not give you a reference to an element inside p.  It gives
> you a new sublist containing one element from p.  You then append a
> column to that sublist.  Then, since you do nothing more with that
> sublist, YOU THROW IT AWAY.
>
> Try doing:
>
> p[j] = p[j].append(col)
>

No, this doesn't work.  append is an in-place operation, and you'll end
up setting p[j] to it's return, which is None.

Iain



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:15:51 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:15:51 -0700
Subject: import question on wx ?
In-Reply-To: <Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154024151.218887.231970@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

That right..on my console it shows python 2.4.2 and on SPE it shows
2.4.3. The wxPython is working fine in SPE i.e with Python 2.4.3.

How can I make sure that when I type python on console I get the 2.4.3
?

Every help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks


John Salerno wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > I have installed wx and everything looks fine. I have written a small
> > app that uses wx.
> >
> > When I run my program from the console like
> > ubuntu $ python PROGRAM_NAME.py
> >
> > it gives error
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "Project.py", line 6, in ?
> >     import wx
> > ImportError: No module named wx
> >
> >
> > But if I run the program from SPE (Stani's Python Editor) it just runs
> > fine.
>
> It could be that the Python version you are using to launch the app from
> the console is the preinstalled version on your system and therefore
> wxPython wasn't installed into that version. Do you have multiple
> versions of Python installed? Probably SPE is using the other version
> which *does* have wxPython in it.



From josef.cihal at siemens.com  Mon Jul  3 03:53:00 2006
From: josef.cihal at siemens.com (Cihal Josef)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:53:00 +0200
Subject: connect not possible to Oracle Datenbank as sysdba?
Message-ID: <94CEBD2AC72A3D478BC8381A196FD7CCA008CD@vie012.at.sat-automation.com>

 
Hi,
 
how can I connect to oracle database as SYSDBA
 
as usually: "sqlplus anc/psw as sysdba"
 
It is a parsing problem? (blanks,etc.?)
 
or it is not implmented in DCOracle2?
 
>DCOracle.Connect('user/psw as sysdba') -> NOK
 
normal (without sysdba clause) -> DCOracle.Connect('user/psw') -> OK
 
thanks for every idea
 
Josef
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From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul  6 13:49:34 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:49:34 +0200
Subject: lxml and SimpleXMLWriter
In-Reply-To: <1151764246.070975.39580@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151764246.070975.39580@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ad4d34$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Srijit Kumar Bhadra wrote:
> I am new to lxml. I am interested to know the equivalent code using
> lxml (http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/lxml/1.1alpha). The code is
> taken from http://effbot.org/zone/xml-writer.htm
> 
> from elementtree.SimpleXMLWriter import XMLWriter
> import sys
> 
> w = XMLWriter(sys.stdout)
> 
> html = w.start("html")
[snip]

Note that the SimpleXMLWriter is in no way related to the ElementTree
implementation. Feel free to copy the module from the elementtree package and
use it with lxml.

Stefan


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul  6 03:13:05 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:13:05 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7814.1152110745.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneape01.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-05, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>> Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword
>
> sure, and Python could also have been invented by aliens, powered by 
> space potatoes, and been illegal to inhale in Belgium.

At one time one could have reacted the same when people suggested
python could use a ternary operator. In the mean time a ternary
operator is in the pipeline. If you don't want to discuss how
python could be different with me, that is fine, but I do no
harm discussing such things with others.

> have any of your "my mental model of how Python works is more important 
> than how it actually works" ever had a point ?

Be free to correct me. But just suggesting that I'm wrong doesn't help
me in changing my mental model.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 12:36:57 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 09:36:57 -0700
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <1154104617.344681.227190@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Graham,

I won't write the program for you since I have my own program to work
on but here is an idea how to do it.
1) Need to have a function to download the page -- use the urllib
module. Like this:
import urllib
page=urllib.urlopen(URL_GOES_HERE).read()

2) Go to the page with your browser and view the source of the html.
You will need to find specific html patterns that you can use to
identify the boundaries between each race first. A good one would be
the actual title 'Race 1 results:', then you have 'Race 2 results:' and
so on until 'Race 8 results:'. From this you need to derive a regular
expression in Python (here is documenation
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html) to express all those
boundaries as one pattern it is: 'Race [0-9]+ results:'. In other words
the word 'Race' then space then a digit repeated one or more times then
another space and 'results:'. So you can do:
races_pattern=re.comple(r'Race [0-9]+ results:') # <- this is your
pattern
chunks=races_pattern.split(page) #<- split the page into chunks based
on the pattern
you will have 9 chunks if you have 8 races. The first one will be all
the stuff before the title (i.e. the start of the page), throw it away:
chunks=chunks[1:]

3) Now go back to the html source and look inside each race at the
table with the results, find a pattern for  a good boundary between
table rows. Again use the regular expressions like before to split each
table away from other junk, then each table into rows (use <tr>)

4) Look again at the source, and split each row into data cells (use
<td>).

5) Then for each of the split cell chunks remove the html tag data with

chunk=re.sub('<.*?>', '', chunk)

6) Now all you should have is pure data stored in strings in  each of
the data cell chunks  in each of the  table row in each of the table.

7) Then save to text file and import into your database.

Anyway that's the general idea, there are other ways to do it, but
that's my approach. I wrote a couple of screen scrapping applications
like this before  in Python and I used this method and it worked well
enough.

Good luck,
Nick V.




Graham Feeley wrote:
> Thanks Nick for the reply
> Of course my first post was a general posting to see if someone would be
> able to help
> here is the website which holds the data I require
> http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo
>
> The fields required are as follows
>  NSW Tab
> #      Win      Place
>  2    $4.60   $2.40
>  5                $2.70
>  1                $1.30
>  Quin    $23.00
>  Tri  $120.70
> Field names are
> Date   ( not important )
> Track................= Bendigo
> RaceNo............on web page
> Res1st...............2
> Res2nd..............5
> Res3rd..............1
> Div1..................$4.60
> DivPlc...............$2.40
> Div2..................$2.70
> Div3..................$1.30
> DivQuin.............$23.00
> DivTrif...............$120.70
> As you can see there are a total of 6 meetings involved and I would need to
> put in this parameter ( =bdgo) or (=gosf) these are the meeting tracks
>
> Hope this more enlightening
> Regards
> graham
>
> "Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au> wrote in message
> news:44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87 at news.optusnet.com.au...
> > Hi this is a plea for some help.
> > I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to
> > collect data from a web site and puts it into a access database table.
> > It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect
> > the results of those races.
> >
> > I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually.
> > I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest)
> > there are only 12 fields to extract
> > The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in
> > another project which is talking all his time.
> > I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me
> > Regards
> > Graham
> >
> >
> >



From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 16:06:36 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:06:36 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e910cd$rsu$1@news.albasani.net>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> Hrmms, well, here's an interesting situation.  So say we wanna catch 
> most exceptions but we don't necessarily know what they are going to 
> be.  For example, I have a framework that executes modules (python 
> functions), the framework wraps each function execution in a try/except 
> block in order to compensate for what *might* happen.  Upon coding the 
> framework I really have no idea what types of problems these modules 
> might have but I want to catch these errors so that I can clean up and 
> exit gracefully, not only that but I want to dump the exception to log 
> files so that we can attempt to fix it.  So, I have the option of 
> catching all standard exceptions and not list the ones I know I don't 
> want to catch.  But what about user defined exceptions?  Do I then have 
> to enforce policies on the system stating what types of exceptions can 
> be raised? 
> 
> Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"? 

Yes:

try:
    ...some code...
except (AttributeError, TypeError):
    raise
except Exception, e:
    handle all other exceptions

is the most Pythonic solution.

Georg


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sun Jul 23 11:57:56 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 10:57:56 -0500
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>
References: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>
Message-ID: <44C39C84.3090601@tim.thechases.com>

 > parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 
'limits':[0.,0.]}]*6
 > parinfo[0]['fixed'] = 1
 > parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 1
 > parinfo[4]['limits'][0]  = 50.
 >
 > The first line builds a list of six dictionaries with
 > initialised keys.  I expected that the last three lines
 > would only affect the corresponding keys of the
 > corresponding dictionnary and that I would end up with a
 > fully initialised list where only the 'fixed' key of the
 > first dict would be 1, and the first values of limited and
 > limits for dict number 4 would be 1 and 50.
 > respectively....
 >
 > This is not so! I end up with all dictionaries being
 > identical and having their 'fixed' key set to 1, and
 > limited[0]==1 and limits[0]==50.

 > I do not understand this behaviour...

The *6 creates multiple references to the same dictionary.
Thus, when you update the dictionary through one
reference/name (parinfo[0]), the things that the other
entries (parinfo[1:5]) reference that changed dictionary.

You're likely looking for something like

parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 
'limits':[0.,0.]}]
for i in xrange(1,6): parinfo.append(parinfo[0].copy())

or something like

parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 
'limits':[0.,0.]}.copy() for i in xrange(0,6)]

However, this will still reference internal lists that have
been referenced multiple times, such that

 >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
[0, 0]
 >>> parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 2
 >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
[2, 0]

Thus, you'd also want to change it to be something like

parinfo = [
     {'value':0.,
	 'fixed':0,
	 'limited':[0, 0][:],
	 'limits':[0., 0.][:]
      }.copy() for i in xrange(0, 6)]

where the slice operator is used to build a copy of the list
for each element as well (rather than keeping a reference to
the same list for each dictionary).

Hopefully this makes some sense, and helps get you on your
way.

-tkc








From Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 10:50:24 2006
From: Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net (Dennis Benzinger)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 16:50:24 +0200
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154119933.312433.264210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca76d0$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
	<1154119933.312433.264210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cb75ad$1@news.uni-ulm.de>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> Is os.system() going to be deprecated in future ?.....I read somewhere.
> [...]

Sometime in the future it will. But that won't happen soon. Read the 
second paragraph of "Backwards Compatibility" in the subprocess PEP 
<http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0324/>.


Dennis


From bayerj at in.tum.de  Tue Jul 18 02:19:05 2006
From: bayerj at in.tum.de (bayerj)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 23:19:05 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153203544.989071.224450@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I guess the python devs are not interested in implementing something
that would require new syntax and does not give something entirely new
to the language.

The good thing about python is, that the devs are only implementing
ideas that are very cool. There are a lot of cool (!= very cool) ideas
in rejected peps - but they were never implemented for good reasons.

If you *really* need privates, just use the naming convention.



From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:05:58 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:05:58 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I know this is a bad habit ... I was just doing it to show what is
disturbing me.

Obviously the "star" syntax finds the submodules because they are
loaded, but when I properly load the module alone with "import tom",
the "dot" syntax does not find "tom.core".

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> >> > from tom import *
>
> You CAN do this, but it's a bad habit.
> 
> Try:
> 
> >>import tom
> 
> Then call by tom.function()
> 
> rd



From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 15:21:27 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 19:21:27 GMT
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
References: <mailman.7690.1151773248.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44a6b763$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <XWzpg.209$iW2.37@trnddc03>

Well, I guess you have sold me on this. I will wait till I have grown up to
be a big and wise python (who is still employed) and all my growing
(scripting) scares have healed properly or maybe even forgotten by my
employers.

Thx

"Jezzz ... What could possible go wrong!"
Signed,
Mr. DoRight


"Scott David Daniels" <scott.daniels at acm.org> wrote in message
news:44a6b763$1 at nntp0.pdx.net...
> Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
> > On Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:36:02 GMT, LittlePython <littlepython at lost.com>
> > wrote:
> >> I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
> >> example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
> >> authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great
> >> as I am a "baby python" who is very green with threading....
> >
> > Threaded programming is extremely difficult.  Most good newbie
> > introductions to it consist of warnings not to use it.
>
> Just to expand on this reply -- even experts avoid threading unless
> necessary.  The real reason that everyone hates threading is that
> wrong programs can run correctly, and errors cannot be reproduced.
> Apparently, threaded programs have a "demo detector" that makes them
> go wrong in the presence of anything more than a single vice president
> (or major customer).
>
> So, the standard Python advice is to have each thread completely
> independent (sharing no data), and communicating only with instances
> of queue.Queue.  That keeps the "demo detector" in check, because
> you then have individually predictable (and hopefully testable)
> parts with a logable communication pattern.  You still may have
> trouble (to which the best reply is, "See, we told you so.").
>
> --Scott David Daniels
> scott.daniels at acm.org




From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 14:03:02 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:03:02 -0700
Subject: iter(callable, sentinel)
In-Reply-To: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>
References: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1154023382.783119.205350@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Will McGugan wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I've been using Python for years, but I recently encountered something
> in the docs I wasnt familar with. That is, using two arguements for
> iter(). Could someone elaborate on the docs and maybe show a typical use
> case for it?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> Will McGugan
>
> --
> work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
> blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com

D'oh!  You said *elaborate*...  Sorry.  Fredrik Lundh gives a great
example of it's use in this thread:
http://groups.google.ca/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/b3ab8141c492bb21/e3f71597917afaa3

Peace,
~Simon



From http  Mon Jul 17 03:57:00 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 00:57:00 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xirlwvf3n.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Arash Partow" <partow at gmail.com> writes:
> For different data types different hash functions work
> better/worse aka fewer or more collisions.

But you give no indication of which of those hashes works best for
what kind of data.  How is the user supposed to figure out which one
to choose?


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 27 07:26:42 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 04:26:42 -0700
Subject: MySql
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
	<1153997300.286168.186800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153999602.669156.89690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Sibylle Koczian wrote:
> > John Machin schrieb:
> > >
> > >     base.commit()

[...]

> > That's not really fair, because transactions were added to MySQL only a
> > short time ago (at least to the default table type). There simply hasn't
> > yet been time for every experienced MySQL user to get hit by the need to
> > commit things.

This is mentioned in the MySQLdb FAQ:

http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=32070&group_id=22307

The default behaviour has been changed to match the DB-API standard,
which probably matches the normal behaviour on most mainstream
relational database systems.

> As I said earlier, I don't use MySQL. I wasn't aware it didn't have
> transactions -- what did people use it for, then?  So is the upshot is
> that he should thump himself for using a DBMS w/o transactions,
> perhaps?

Some awareness of common practice would certainly be beneficial.
Attempting to insert data into PostgreSQL, Oracle, sqlite and so on
would produce similar results to those described. The principal
difference is that with MySQL (and presumably with things like
Microsoft Access' storage engine that no-one takes seriously anyway),
everyone has been able to get away with ignoring transactions and
considering such behaviour as normal (or not even considering that
anyone really uses anything which does anything else), and this
obviously affects software governed by such assumptions.

I suppose it's unfortunate for anyone who was using MySQLdb prior to
release 1.2.0, especially if the software didn't give any obvious
run-time warnings (not that I can say whether it did or not), but the
MySQL-centric culture of ignoring/ridiculing stuff they don't support
(and then eventually supporting it, in this case) is probably most to
blame if we have to point the finger.

Paul



From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 17 11:42:35 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 09:42:35 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>

Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> I fail to see an example that would support such a claim.
> 
> On the other hand, UPDATE can assign any value to any field of any 
> record, so it's doing exactly what an assignment does. INSERT/DELETE can 
> create resp. destroy records, which is what new and delete operators 
> would do.
> 
> I must really be missing the point.

I *think* I understand Marshall here.  When you are saying "assignment", 
you mean assignment to values of attributes within tuples of the cell.  
When Marshall is saying "assignment", he seems to mean assigning a 
completely new *table* value to a relation; i.e., wiping out the entire 
contents of the relation and replacing it with a whole new set of 
tuples.  Your assignment is indeed less powerful than DML, whereas 
Marshall's assignment is more powerful than DML.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk  Thu Jul 20 02:48:03 2006
From: jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk (jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 23:48:03 -0700
Subject: Weird MemoryError issue
In-Reply-To: <44be9342$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be90a7@news.eftel.com> <44be9342$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153378083.344035.114640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> On 20/07/2006 6:05 AM, John Machin wrote:
> > On 20/07/2006 1:58 AM, jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk wrote:
> >> def is_prime n:
> >
> > Syntax error. Should be:
> >    def is_prime n:
>
> Whoops! Take 2:
>
> Should be:
>
> def is_prime(n):

Sorry for that, I was not able to cut-paste the code at the moment, and
was in a hurry, I know it's bad.

Thanks for "xrange", I tried and it works fine.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 03:19:52 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:19:52 +0200
Subject: file.readlines() and IOError exceptions
In-Reply-To: <44B43CA9.8090906@al.com.au>
References: <44B43CA9.8090906@al.com.au>
Message-ID: <e927qm$bhq$1@sea.gmane.org>

Astan Chee wrote:

> now the file Im trying to read has recently had alot of read/writes from 
> other users/threads/etc, so every now and again I get a
> IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor

> I know this has something to do with not being able to read while some 
> filehandles are open (or is it?)..

EBADF usually means that you're trying to read from a file that's no 
longer open.  other users shouldn't be able to cause that error; I'd 
suspect sloppy thread programming...

</F>



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 06:03:59 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 03:03:59 -0700
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151906077.222770.111720@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151906077.222770.111720@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151921039.222869.308790@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

I woulkdn't interate at the same time.  zip takes two lists, and makes
a single list of tuples, not the other way around.  The easilest
solution is
feed_list = [ix.url for ix in feeds_list_select]
feed_id = [ix.id for ix in feeds_list_select]

Also, a big feature of list comprehension is it filters too... for
example
high_id_names = [ix.url for ix in feeds_list_select if ix.id > 500]
Sometimes list comprehensions just read nicely.
a wrote:
> hey guys
> this is gr8
> but in cheetah
> i use
> for test in $ix
> $test.url
> end for
> to iterate thru loop
>
> now how do i iterate feed_list and feed_id along with i,
> thanks a lot
>
> N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)
>
> or just
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
> feeds_list_select])
>
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > a wrote:
> > > hi simon thanks for your reply
> >
> > You're most welcome
> >
> >
> > > what if i want to do this
> > > 	        feed_list=[]
> > > 		feed_id=[]
> > > 		for ix in feeds_list_select:
> > > 			global feeds_list
> > > 			global feeds_id
> > > 			feeds_list.append(ix.url)
> > > 		       feeds_id.append(ix.id)
> > >
> > > ie not one variable but more variables
> > > thanks
> >
> > in a case like this I would usually reach for the zip() function, with
> > the "varargs" * calling pattern
> >
> > N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]
> >
> > feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)
> >
> >
> > or just
> >
> > feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
> > feeds_list_select])
> >
> >
> > btw, please note that the global statements in your example are
> > unnecessary..  *totally* unnecessary.  :-D



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:17:32 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:17:32 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <slrnebqf6b.63c.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebqf6b.63c.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153253852.070908.97460@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

 I think file object should be closed whether they will be garbage
collected or not. The same goes for DB  and network connections and so
on. Of course in simple short programs they don't have to, but if
someone keeps 1000 open files it might be  better to close them when
done. Besides open files (in 'w' mode) might not be able to be opened
by another process if they are not closed.  In general this is usually
a good habit to have (just like washing dishes right after a meal
rather than hoping someone will do it later eventually ;)

Regards,
Nick V.

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> T enlightened us with:
> > Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> >
> > for line in file('foo', 'r'):
> >   print line
>
> Nope, it'll get closed automatically when the file object gets garbage
> collected.
>
> Sybren
> --
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                              Frank Zappa



From durumdara at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:47:42 2006
From: durumdara at gmail.com (Dara Durum)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 15:47:42 +0200
Subject: Encode filenames to safe format
Message-ID: <9e384ef60607200647r1b12559bia8d1892f2ad799d@mail.gmail.com>

Hi !

I want to encode filenames to safe format, like in browser url (space ->
%20, etc.).
What the module and function name that helps me in this project ?

Thanx for it:
dd
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From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul  6 02:10:47 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 23:10:47 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:

> Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> this to python?
>
> strComputer = "."
> Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
>     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> "\root\cimv2")
> Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
>     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
>         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> i = 0
>
> Do While i = 0
>     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
>     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> Loop

A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
from vbs wmi to python wmi?



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 16:54:07 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 13:54:07 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneata4p.3cc.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>
	<1152299404.248235.125160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152305647.480844.279650@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thomas Nelson wrote:
> Thanks to everyone who posted.  First, I don't think my question was
> clear enough: Rob Cowie, Ant, Simon Forman, mensanator at aol.com, and Jon
> Ribbens offered solutions that don't quite work as-is, because I need
> multiple values to map to a single type.  Tim Chase and Bruno
> Destuilliers both offer very nice OOP solutions, and I think this is
> the route I will probably go.  However, for the simplest and easiest
> solution, I really like this from Peter Otten:
> inflated = [0]*5
> groups = [[0,1,3],[4],[2]]
> for value in [1,1,0,4]:
> 	inflated[value] += 1
> print [sum(inflated[i] for i in group) for group in groups]
>
> 4 lines (one more to assign the lists to name values, but that's
> minor), and intuitive.  If I had just thought of this to begin with, I
> wouldn't have bothered posting.
>
> Thanks to all for the advice.
>
> THN

I want to be sure I understand the above.

inflated is a list of counters, one for each "type code"?

groups is a list of groups of "type codes", one for each actual "type"?

The for loop simulates four calls to an "increment()" function?

The list comprehension sums all the counters that correspond to each
actual type?

so you could write:

type1, type2, type3 = groups = [[0,1,3],[4],[2]]

Is that right?


Wow, very nice.


Peace,
~Simon


It was too easy to read
 map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}
as
 map = {0:type1, 1:type2, 2:type3, 3:type4, 4:type5}

sorry.



From fcorreia at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 12:46:05 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 09:46:05 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <1152344563.826456.66010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>
	<1152200552.730834.187740@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<bbeqa2960m89nc1c6fheflfammkick4r1l@4ax.com>
	<1152206961.838399.113410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<n7ura2ldl0cgho12ftc069lp8agajnc4s1@4ax.com>
	<1152271022.346944.171220@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152344563.826456.66010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152377165.077158.145410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Frank Millman wrote:
> Filipe wrote:
> Try out the suggestions and let us know what happened. I for one will
> be very interested.

The last version of ODBTPAPI is 0.1-alpha, last updated 2004-09-25.
Which is a bit scary...
I might try it just the same though.



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 17:23:17 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:23:17 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1154380997.20290.64.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 17:58 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-31 17:28:00, Cliff Wells wrote:
> 
> >> I assume you don't agree... :)
> > 
> > I certainly don't.  [...]
> 
> > Also, saying "a few years ago I did some research" in software terms is
> > pretty much equivalent to saying "I don't know".
> 
> Exactly. So what's your point with this comment?

My point is to stop FUD right at that comment.  I don't doubt your
research from "a few years ago", but ancient research is entirely
irrelevant for making a decision *today*.

However, had I let it pass, then someone else might not make that
distinction and come away with the impression that your research was
somehow still relevant and that PostgreSQL is less reliable than MySQL.

> I stated what was my impression at the time, with the hope that others
> might want to comment. Thanks for the comment. 

You're welcome.

> OTOH, anybody who says "I know" regarding a comparison in reliability
> between databases must have pretty good data to back that up. Few have.
> Most are in the "I don't know, but my impression is that ..." group. 

Absolutely.  I can only give you anecdotal evidence myself.  Further, if
someone were to present a whitepaper of some sort demonstrating that one
is superior with regard to reliability or performance, I'd probably be
highly suspect of their motives.  

Regardless, since my job as a hoster requires that I assist customers
with database issues, I have hands-on experience with dozens of
instances of each and my *very recent* experience tells me that MySQL is
far more prone to database corruption than PostgreSQL.  In the past 6
months, I've repaired or restored at least 4 MySQL databases (and for no
apparent reason, to boot), but I've had to do the same for exactly zero
PostgreSQL installs since I started hosting over 3 years ago.  And just
to be clear, the number of PostgreSQL installs far exceeds the number of
MySQL installs.  Were there equal numbers of each I'd expect even more
MySQL problems.

Regards,
Cliff

-- 



From frank at chagford.com  Sun Jul  9 04:08:37 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 01:08:37 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:
> Hi,
> I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
> int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
> explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
> similar circumstances.
>

There has just been a long thread about this. I think I understand it
now. Here is my explanation.

Ignoring nested scopes for this exercise, references to objects (i.e.
variable names) can exist in the local namespace or the global
namespace. Python looks in the local namespace first, and if not found
looks in the global namespace.

Any name assigned to within the function is automatically deemed to
exist in the local namespace, unless overridden with the global
statement.

With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
get Unbound Local Error.

With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to, as it
is mutable. Therefore Python looks in the global namespace, finds n
there, and uses it successfully.

My 2c

Frank Millman



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 19 11:19:50 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:19:50 +0200
Subject: access to submodules
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318863.215301.52120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9lii4$osc$01$1@news.t-online.com>

TG wrote:

> if I import tom, it is supposed to load functions defined in
> tom/__init__.py and make all the modules inside accessible through the
> "dot" syntax.
> 
> Therefore, this is supposed to work :
> 
> ?> import tom
> ?> help(tom.core)
> 
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'
> 
> But if I use the baaaaad star syntax
> 
> ?> from tom import *
> ?> help(core)
> 
> this will work. 

No, it won't. Try again with a fresh interpreter (no prior imports)

>>> from tom import *
>>> core
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'core' is not defined
>>> import tom
>>> tom.core
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'

Only after an explicit import of tom.core...

>>> from tom import core
>>> del core
>>> from tom import *
>>> core
<module 'tom.core' from 'tom/core.py'>

is core added as an attribute to tom and will therefore be copied into the
namespace of a module doing a star-import.

Peter


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:34:13 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:34:13 -0700
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <1154093653.922739.309980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Your description is too general. The way to 'collect the results'
depends largely in what format the results are. If they are in an html
table you will have to parse the html data if they are in a simple
plaintext you might use a different method, and if the site renders the
numbers to images and adds some noise and font effects to them, then
you can abandon the idea altogether unless you have a good background
in OCR.

But let's assume that you data is embedded an html sourse. Even so you,
it would largely depend on the specific syntax used. Sometimes you
could  just use regular expressions, other times a full HTML parser
will be needed. Then you could have the issue of 'how to get to the
right page' and/or 'how to uniquely identify and match each of the
previously parsed rows of data to the new set of rows of data that also
have the results added to them?'

Perhaps if you post the website plus a clear and exact description of
what you want to accomplish and what has already been accomplished you
might find someone to help.

-Nick V.





Graham Feeley wrote:
> Hi this is a plea for some help.
> I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to collect
> data from a web site and puts it into a access database table.
> It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect
> the results of those races.
>
> I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually.
> I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest)
> there are only 12 fields to extract
> The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in
> another project which is talking all his time.
> I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me
> Regards
> Graham



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 05:22:59 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 02:22:59 -0700
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
In-Reply-To: <44b4afbb$0$5502$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
	<44b4afbb$0$5502$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152696179.937164.140390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Good point about isinstance. Here is a good explanation why:
http://www.canonical.org/~kragen/isinstance/
Also the frozenset should be added the list of immutable types.

Nick Vatamaniuc


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Chris Spencer wrote:
> > Before I get too carried away with something that's probably
> > unnecessary, please allow me to throw around some ideas. I've been
> > looking for a method of transparent, scalable, and human-readable object
> > persistence, and I've tried the standard lib's Shelve, Zope's ZODB,
> > Divmod's Axiom, and others. However, while they're all useful, none
> > satisfies all my criteria. So I started writing some toy code of my own:
> > http://paste.plone.org/5227
> >
> > All my code currently does is transparently keep track of object changes
> > without requiring any special coding on part of the user, and a function
> > to convert an object to a file system hierarchy of folders and files.
> > Please, let me know what you think.
>
> As you say, using filesystem for fine-grained persistance may not be the
> most efficient solution. I also wonder how (if...) you intend to address
> concurrent R/W access and transactions...
>
> A few observations and questions :
> - you should avoid tests on concrete types as much as possible - at
> least use isinstance
> - tuples are immutable containers. What about them ?
> - what about multiple references to a same object ?
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From no at spam.please  Tue Jul 18 19:25:59 2006
From: no at spam.please (Lars)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 01:25:59 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <e9jp4p$7sh$1@info.service.rug.nl>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> will make the devices world readable. While I haven't thought about any 
> security implications that might have (and am not especially 
> knowledgeable in such things to be honest), I'm convinced it is way less 
> likely to introduce any exploitable holes than suid root would.

Depending on what kind of info these devices produce, couldn't they be 
used to spy on someone typing in a password? (I can't check, I'm on 
FreeBSD.)


From eduardo.padoan at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 15:21:22 2006
From: eduardo.padoan at gmail.com (eduardo.padoan at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 12:21:22 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152115118.517322.99460@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152127282.021241.196520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> So why tell us? What are your ideas? What does your design do that the
> others don't?
Basically, the API I exemplificated in the first exemple. My initial
idea was to have a way of turn alread designed objects into persistent
ones. This is not the goal of SQLObject, for example.
Other litle difference is the 'multiplexity' (mult) argument in the
EAssociation.



From phil_nospam_schmidt at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 14:04:47 2006
From: phil_nospam_schmidt at yahoo.com (Phil Schmidt)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:04:47 -0700
Subject: sqlobject for Python 2.5
Message-ID: <1153159486.965366.100870@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'd like to get sqlobject for Python 2.5, but it appears it's not
available.

Can I use sqlobject for Python 2.4 and use it on 2.5? If so, how? I
have no experience using setuptools, but it appears that unless there's
a specific .egg file for 2.5, then I'm outta luck. True?

Thanks,
Phil



From gherron at islandtraining.com  Sat Jul  1 13:23:57 2006
From: gherron at islandtraining.com (Gary Herron)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 10:23:57 -0700
Subject: missing feature classes and missing fields
In-Reply-To: <200607010642.MAA21799@WS0005.indiatimes.com>
References: <200607010642.MAA21799@WS0005.indiatimes.com>
Message-ID: <44A6AFAD.9080907@islandtraining.com>

subramanian2003 wrote:
> Hello All,
>
>     How can I check missing feature classes in a folder/personal geodatabase using python script. And how can I check  missing fields in shape files. And also I want to check the attribute values using python.
>
> Thnx,
> Subramanian.
>
>
>
>   
This list is usually very helpful, however, I think you are going to
need to be more specific to get an answer here.

For instance,

What's are "missing feature classes"?
What's a "folder/personal geodatabase"?
What's are "missing fields"?
What's a "shape file"?
On what object to you wish to check "attribute values"?

I'm not sure I can help even if I have those answers, but I'm sure I
can't help if I don't.

Gary Herron



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Mon Jul 17 08:05:55 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:05:55 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2bqrov3ks.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> On 2006-07-14, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:

>>> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
>>> say.

>AP> If it is so clear, why don't you explain it? 

I have done that in another thread.

>>> Your problem is that you thought __setitem__ is part of evaluation,

>AP> No I think the other way around. The evaluation is part of __setitem__ 
>AP> In so far as it makes sense to talk about the evaluation of a target
>AP> in python

How can evaluation be part of __setitem__? (If we talk about targets). The
LRM says clearly that it is part of assignment. 

>>> but it isn't. It is part of assignment,

>AP> No the assignment is part of __setitem__

__setitem__(  	self, key, value)
    Called to implement assignment to self[key]

>>> while __getitem__ is part of evaluation.

>AP> How can __getitem__ be part of the evaluation of col['t'] in
>AP> a statment like

>AP>   col['t'] = 5

It isn't, because there is a difference between evaluation in the
lefthandside and in the righthandside. See the description of assignment.

>AP> The language reference about augmented assigments is not only
>AP> talking about evaluating a language element as an expression,
>AP> it is also talking about evaluating that language element as
>AP> a target. Now I'm not so sure that it makes sense to talk about
>AP> evaluating a target in python, but I see no way to avoid that
>AP> interpretation in:

In the description of assignment the distinction is made for each case of
the lefthandside. So that for example when the lefthandside is a
subscription, only the primary and the index are evaluated, but no
__getitem__ is called.

>AP>   An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
>AP>   x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In
>AP>   the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. 

>AP> x is only evaluated once in a statement like: x+= 1
>AP> This suggests x is evaluated twice in a statement like: x = x + 1
>AP> The only way to eavlaute x twice in that statement is that
>AP>   x is evaluated once as a target.
>AP> So the langauage reference is here talking about (among other things)
>AP> evaluating a target.

yes.

>AP> What the language reference should have said IMO is that in case x
>AP> is an attribute reference, index or slicing, the primary expression
>AP> will be evaluated only once, as will be the index or slice in the
>AP> two latter cases.

You should read the part about Augmented assignment statements after
carefully reading the part about assignments. Then you know already that
evaluation of the target is only about the primary and the index.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU  Tue Jul 18 14:53:36 2006
From: Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU (Michael J. Fromberger)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:53:36 -0400
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
Message-ID: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>

Consider the following class hierarchy in Python:

  class A (object):
    def __init__(self):
      print "cons A"

  class B (object):
    def __init__(self):
      print "cons B"

  class C (A):
    def __init__(self):
      super(C, self).__init__()
      print "cons C"

  class D (B):
    def __init__(self):
      super(D, self).__init__()
      print "cons D"

Now, suppose I would like to define a new class as follows:

  class E (C, D):
    ...

In the constructor for E, I would like to invoke the constructors of 
both parent classes.  The correct way to do this seems to be exemplified 
by the following:

  class E (C, D):
    def __init__(self):
      super(E, self).__init__()  # calls C constructor
      super(A, self).__init__()  # calls D constructor (**)
      print "cons E"

This works, but I find it somewhat troubling.  It seems to me that one 
should not have to "know" (i.e., write down the names of) the ancestors 
of C in order to dispatch to superclass methods in D, since C and D 
share no common ancestors south of object.

Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked 
(**) above?

Curious,
-M

-- 
Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA


From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Sun Jul 16 16:10:36 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 13:10:36 -0700
Subject: insert method in ElementTree
In-Reply-To: <1153073550.140238.70060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153073550.140238.70060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153080636.472539.232900@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

mirandacascade at yahoo.com wrote:

> My request for advice is this: instead of creating a second XML
> document that represents the output, would it be possible to expand the
> input XML document as needed?  I was thinking that the program could
> iterate through all the elements.  As it is iterating, it would check
> for the createAnotherWhenCondition attribute.  If encountered and if
> the condition were true, the program would:
> - make a copy of the parent element (perhaps with copy.copy)
> - use the insert method to insert the just-created copy
> Where I'm struggling is figuring out what the index argument should
> be in the insert method.

I recommend not using the insert method; instead, build a new list of
elements and set the parent to the new list.  Another problem is that
you have to have the parent node around, since children don't indicate
their parents.  Using getiterator won't work.  I recommend a recursive
function instead.  Something like this should do it:

def expand_children(parent):
    if len(parent) == 0:
        return
    newchildren = []
    for child in parent:
        expand_children(child) # recursively process child nodes
        if <you're supposed to create another child>:
            <remove createAnotherWhenCondition attr>
            newchildren.append(child) # or copy.copy(child)
        newchildren.append(child)
    parent[:] = newchildren # slice assign

So, basically, for each node, you build a list of children in parallel,
making duplicates as necessary, then use slice assignment to set the
parent's children to be the new list.  No more mucking around with
indexes.


Carl Banks



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 18 19:29:17 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 01:29:17 +0200
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
In-Reply-To: <1152696179.937164.140390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
	<44b4afbb$0$5502$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152696179.937164.140390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bd6d3e$0$21607$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Nick Vatamaniuc a ?crit :
(please don't top-post - corrected)

> 
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
(snip)

>>A few observations and questions :
>>- you should avoid tests on concrete types as much as possible - at
>>least use isinstance
 >
 > Good point about isinstance. Here is a good explanation why:
 > http://www.canonical.org/~kragen/isinstance/

Err... I'm sorry but justifying the use of explicit tests on concrete 
type not even taking inheritance into consideration with a paper 
explaining why type tests taking inheritance into consideration may be 
bad seems rather strange to me... Or did I missed your point here ?


From spam at spam.spam  Sat Jul 22 20:45:50 2006
From: spam at spam.spam (rsd)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 20:45:50 -0400
Subject: Sansung YH-920 + Linux + yh-925-db-0.1.py = AttributeError:
	'module' object has no attribute 'decode'
In-Reply-To: <1153609793.954581.23640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <zNtwg.164$h54.123@fe10.lga>
	<1153609793.954581.23640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <jEzwg.1992$Sc7.697@fe12.lga>

> 
> You don't say which version of Python you are running ... but my guess
> is that it's 2.3 or earlier.

Yes, you're right. I was using version 2.3.5

I'll see if I can get it working with 2.4

Thanks


From originalbrownster at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 23:02:22 2006
From: originalbrownster at gmail.com (OriginalBrownster)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 20:02:22 -0700
Subject: FOR LOOPS
Message-ID: <1154401342.560477.235640@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I am using a class called UploadedFile.
I want to create a for loop to itterate through the objects within file
name

class UploadedFile(SQLObject):
	filename = StringCol(alternateID=True)
	abspath = StringCol()
	uniqueid = IntCol()

I'll show you a snippit of the code I am trying to use it in::


        zip= ["zip.txt"]
        file_path = [myfile.filename for myfile in
UploadedFile.select(orderBy=UploadedFile.q.filename)]

        if kw:
            for filename in file_path:
                zip.append(filename)
            flash('Options selected'+ str(kw) + str(zip))
        else:
            pass

When i run this the flash displays all the values for kw...however zip
only shows up as "zip.txt" using the str function. Meaning that the FOR
LOOP is not working correctly.

Any ideas why this is happening?? perhaps someone could shoe me how to
make a proper list for this if this is incorrect.

Thank you



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 19 12:41:31 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:41:31 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153326926.822085.219150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153326926.822085.219150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153327291.435761.316560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Even if you need to do something during attachment of components it is
> more Pythonic to use properties. So you will write a method in your
> class name something like _set_up(self,upstream_obj) an  _get_up(self).
>  And then at the end of your class put up=property(_get_up, _set_up).
> You can still use the compr.up=... format.

sorry, I don't quite follow. what are properties?

> Also, you might want to re-think your OO design. It seem that all of
> your components do a lot of things in common already. For one they all
> are connected to other components like themselves, they also propably
> will have method to do some computing, perhaps send or receive stuff
> from other components, or they all will implement somekind of an event
> model. In that case you could create a generic component class and
> sublass the specific implementations from it.

yes, I already do this - I have a component class and then the other
components inherit from it.

Dave



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 16:33:46 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 13:33:46 -0700
Subject: Math package
References: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154202722.389656.244660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154205226.881465.172070@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I will write the problem a little more clearer so that you guys can
recommend me better.

In a graphs of size N ( where, N = 1e9), each node has a degree D=1000.
i.e There are overall (D*N)/2 edges in the graph. This graph needs to
be generated randomly using the program.

Now my task is to find the shortest distance from each node to every
other node. And finally I want to find is the average distance from one
node to another node in the graph. This is an average Erdos number or
equivalently what degree of seperation exists in the graph.

I can start with low values of N and D but my ultimate aim is to
simulate this graph on big values of N and D.

Every help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks


bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com:
> > I want to write a program which would have a 2 dimensional array of 1
> > billion by 1 billion. This is for computational purposes and evaluating
> > a mathematical concept similar to Erdos number.
>
> Maybe you are talking about the edges of a graph with 1e9 nodes. This
> structure is surely quite sparse, so you don't need to store the edges
> in a matrix, you can manage is as a sparse structure, and maybe you
> don't need a Blue Gene.
>
> If you find ways to clean your data, reduce the vertex and arc count,
> and if you have a lot of memory, then maybe Boost Graph for Python may
> suffice:
> http://www.osl.iu.edu/~dgregor/bgl-python/
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul 26 12:45:58 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:45:58 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153930721.406207.134340@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153930721.406207.134340@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153932358.615129.220390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> placid wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> > example
> >
> > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
> >
> > the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> > so lets say the second list contains the following
> >
> > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
> >
> > and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> > available,
> > i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> > should only print XXX4 then return.
> >
> > for i in xrange(1,10):
> >     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
> >     str = "XXX" + numpart
> >
> >       for list1_elm in list1:
> >           if list1_elm == str:
> >                break
> >           else:
> >                for list2_elm in list2:
> >                    if list2_elm == str:
> >                       break
> >                    else:
> >                       print str
> >                       return
> >
> > Cheer
>
> I don't know how close the following is to what you want ( or how
> efficient etc...).  If both lists are the same up to a certain point,
> then the first function should do, if not, try the second function.
>
> Gerard
>
> from itertools import izip, dropwhile
>
> def get_first_missing1( seq1, seq2 ):
>     i = int( seq1[0][-1] )
>     for x1, x2 in izip( seq1, seq2 ):
>         if int(x1[-1]) != i and int(x2[-1]) != i:
>             return x1[:-1] + str(i)
>         i += 1
>     return -1
>
> def get_first_missing2( seq1, seq2 ):
>     i = int( seq1[0][-1] )
>     j = int( seq2[0][-1] )
>     if j < i:
>         seq1, seq2 = seq2, seq1
>         i, j = j, i
>     return get_first_missing1( list(dropwhile(lambda s: int(s[-1]) < j,
> seq1)), seq2 )
>
> L1 = [ 'XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
> L2 = [ 'YYY1', 'YYY2', 'YYY3', 'YYY6']
>
> print get_first_missing1(L1, L2)
> print get_first_missing2(L1, L2)
> 'XXX4'
> 'XXX4'

ehm...a bit limited in what it will handle, now that I look at it! like
more than ten items in a list - '11'[-1] == '1'...no time to test
further, sorry:(

Gerard



From sjmaster at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 12:28:56 2006
From: sjmaster at gmail.com (Steve M)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 09:28:56 -0700
Subject: Unicode question
References: <mailman.8664.1154098517.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154104136.058131.12850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Ben Edwards (lists) wrote:
> I am using python 2.4 on Ubuntu dapper, I am working through Dive into
> Python.
>
> There are a couple of inconsictencies.
>
> Firstly sys.setdefaultencoding('iso-8859-1') does not work, I have to do
> sys.setdefaultencoding = 'iso-8859-1'

When you run a Python script, the interpreter does some of its own
stuff before executing your script. One of the things it does is to
delete the name sys.setdefaultencoding. This means that by the time
even your first line of code runs that name no longer exists and so you
will be unable to invoke the function as in your first attempt.

The second attempt "sys.setdefaultencoding = 'iso-8859-1' " is creating
a new name under the sys namespace and assigning it a string. This will
not have the desired effect, or probably any effect at all.

I have found that in order to change the default encoding with that
function, you can put the command in a file called sitecustomize.py
which, when placed in the appropriate location (which is
platform-dependent), will be called in time to have the desired effect.

So the order of events is something like:
1. Invoke Python on myscript.py
2. Python does some stuff and then executes sitecustomize.py
3. Python deletes the name sys.setdefaultencoding, thereby making the
function that was so-named inaccessible.
4. Python then begins executing myscript.py.


Regarding the location of sitecustomize.py, on Windows it is
C:\Python24\Lib\sitecustomize.py.

My guess is that you should put it in the same directory as the bulk of
the Python standard library files. (Also in that directory is a
subdirectory called site-packages, where you can put custom modules
that will be available for import from any of your scripts.)



From stefita at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 12:25:24 2006
From: stefita at gmail.com (Stefka)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 09:25:24 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC server-client communication
Message-ID: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I try to implement a python xml-rpc server and call it from a php
client. If the server and the client are on the same machine
(localhost) the communication between them is just fine. When I start
the server on a different host I don't get an answer.
What is missing there?? I tried also to set username and password,
cause I thought there is an authenticate issue but it didn't work
either.
Here is my code:

python server:
<code>
import SimpleXMLRPCServer
from re import *
import string

#The server object
class myFunctions:
    def myTest(self, code):
        mya = findall('#include.+',code)
        stringo = string.join(mya,', ')
        return stringo

calendar_object = myFunctions()
server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
22999))
server.register_instance(calendar_object)

#Go into the main listener loop
print "Listening on port 22999"
server.serve_forever()
</code>

php client:
<code>
<?
require_once("XML/RPC.php");

$code = '#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>';

$function = "myTest";

$param = new XML_RPC_Value(htmlspecialchars($code), "string");
$params = array($param);
$message = new XML_RPC_Message($function, $params);
$client = new XML_RPC_Client("/new2.py","xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",22999);

print_r($client);
$result = $client->send($message);
print_r($result);

$value = $result->value();
$number = $value->scalarval();
echo "<p><b>Return Value:</b> $number </p>";

echo "<p>Headers are: $number </p>";
?>
</code>

Thanx in advance :)



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 18:30:47 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 00:30:47 +0200
Subject: About __files
In-Reply-To: <e640c5490607101112i216a7b4ah462eac3c33652025@mail.gmail.com>
References: <e640c5490607101112i216a7b4ah462eac3c33652025@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e8ukel$fae$1@sea.gmane.org>

venkat pathy wrote:

>           I came across a series of functions starting with "__". For 
> example, __fun() . May I know what are all these functions ?
>  I came across __init__ like functions starting and ending with "__".
> Whether they are constructors which are overloaded ?

reading the documentation might be helpful:

     http://docs.python.org/tut/node11.html

</F>



From hanumizzle at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 20:31:43 2006
From: hanumizzle at gmail.com (hanumizzle at gmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 17:31:43 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
Message-ID: <1153614703.211074.38830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


W. D. Allen wrote:
> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>
> I have two questions:
>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and
>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?

I am a fairly experienced programmer and I have been reading Dive Into
Python. If you have prior experience, you may find it very
satisfactory. (But see a recent thread I started which points out a few
small mistakes...nothing too bad over all.) If you have less
programming experience, you may wish to look at Byte of Python. The
great thing about Python is that there is a ton of online material to
peruse...



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 10:04:46 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:04:46 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>>Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
>>>>>changed by the object.
>>>>
>>>>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
>>>>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
>>>>completely self-contained in their behavior.
>>>>
>>>
>>>Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.
>>
>>Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
>>ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
>>changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
>>by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
>>coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?
>>
> 
> 
> Are you serious?

Deadly serious. But I'm afraid you're still missing the point.

> Well, you design an object that serves as a mediator.
> All objects can then only interact with themselves and the mediator
> only. Via signals, objects learn to automatically adjust their states
> and respond to events.

signal -> message -> method call -> change state.

Spell it how you like, add as many indirection levels you want, it still
boils down to the fact that *something* triggers the state change.

> This is just one of several methods you can
> dramatically reduce coupling.

It's just one of several methods that dramatically increases complexity,
without changing anything to the fact that in the end, *practically*,
some object ObjA changes its state as a response to a message sent by ObjB.

> I'm sure glad I didn't burn my book.

No comment.

> 
>>>>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
>>>>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
>>>>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
>>>>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
>>>>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
>>>>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
>>>state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.
>>
>>Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ?
> 
> 
> That's language dependent.
> 
> 
>>Given the existence of
>>"computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
>>hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
>>default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
>>the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
>>when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?
>>
> 
> 
> I'm not advocating anything.

cf below on this.

> I'm just stating the use case for
> accessors and the wisdom behind them. My qualm with implicit accessors
> remains the name issue.

The "name issue" is *your* problem. And AFAICT, it's a "problem" because
you refuse to free your mind from a "what's in the book" mindset.

> 
>>>>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
>>>>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
>>>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
>>>>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.
>>>>
>>>>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
>>>>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
>>>>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
>>>>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
>>>>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
>>>>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
>>>>difference.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
>>
>>Indeed.
>>
>>
>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
>>
>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
>>
>>(snip)
> 
> I never advocated anything. 

You advocated
"""
1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
think about making it a property and name the property well, because
you never know...
"""

> 
>>>State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.
>>
>>The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
>>what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.
>>
>>
>>>It
>>>is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
>>>it is because I thought is was common knowledge.
>>
>>It is.
>>
>>
>>>And behaviors are not
>>>just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.
>>
>>Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
>>this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
>>methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
>>behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
>>  the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
>>and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
>>implementation-dependant.
>> 
> 
> I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
> and not language dependent semantics.

Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
private/protected" and systematically using properties ?



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jzgoda at o2.usun.pl  Tue Jul 25 15:43:11 2006
From: jzgoda at o2.usun.pl (Jarek Zgoda)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:43:11 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8544.1153856173.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz> <ea5rno$9ru$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8544.1153856173.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea5sd2$a8c$1@nemesis.news.tpi.pl>

Laszlo Nagy napisa?(a):

>> Nope. StringI is an input-only object, StringO is an output object.
>> You got a StringI because you gave a string argument to the creator.
>>
>>
>>  >>> f1 = cStringIO.StringIO()
>>  >>> f1
>> <cStringIO.StringO object at 0x186c9c00>
>>  >>> dir(f1)
>> ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__',
>> '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
>> '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close',
>> 'closed', 'flush', 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline',
>> 'readlines', 'reset', 'seek', 'softspace', 'tell', 'truncate',
>> 'write', 'writelines']
>>  >>> f2 = cStringIO.StringIO("This is the fixed content of the StringIO")
>>  >>> f2
>> <cStringIO.StringI object at 0x18661440>
>>  >>> dir(f2)
>> ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__',
>> '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__',
>> '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close',
>> 'closed', 'flush', 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline',
>> 'readlines', 'reset', 'seek', 'tell', 'truncate']
> 
> Is it possible to have a direct access in-memory file that can be
> written and read too?

Read it again. You get readable-and-writable object by *not* assigning
initial value in constructor.

-- 
Jarek Zgoda
http://jpa.berlios.de/


From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 31 14:05:16 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:05:16 +0200
Subject: getting debug from urllib2
References: <mailman.8733.1154353420.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ealgno$s41$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Ben Edwards wrote:

> Have been experimenting with HTTP stuff in python 2.4 and am having a
> problem getting debug info. If I use utllib.utlopen I get debug but if I
> user utllib2 I do not.  Below is the probram and the output I am
> getting.
> 
> Any insight?

Use the source :-) 

urllib2.build_opener() accepts prebuilt handlers:

import urllib2

url = 'http://www.mozillazine.org/atom.xml'

request = urllib2.Request(url)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=1))
feeddata = opener.open(request).read()

Peter


From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 05:08:54 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 02:08:54 -0700
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
In-Reply-To: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
References: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
Message-ID: <1152695334.662414.218420@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Chris,

Interesting concept. But why is there a need for a human readable
object persistence that is x10 slower than pickle? In other words
present a good use case with a rationale (i.e. your "criteria" that you
mentioned). The only one I can think of so far is debugging.

Also some objects are inherently not human readable (they are large, or
just binary/array data for example), or you could simply end up having
so many of them (10GB worth of disk space) that just due to the volume
they will become not very readable and you would need some kind of a
custom query mechanism (or find+grep) to search through your objects if
you wanted to read/edit values in them.

In your code comments I saw that another reason is resistance to
corruption. I think that a database that is backed up regularly is
probably a better solution. Besides, sometimes you want your failure to
be dramatic (go down with a bang!) so it gets your attention and you
can restore everything with a backup. Otherwise, with a tens of
thousands of files, some of them might end up being corrupted before
your next filesystem check gets to them, by then, the corruption could
spread (your program would load it, perform  computations, persist the
wrong results and so on),  and you wouldn't even notice it.

Hope these comments help,
Nick V.



Chris Spencer wrote:
> Before I get too carried away with something that's probably
> unnecessary, please allow me to throw around some ideas. I've been
> looking for a method of transparent, scalable, and human-readable object
> persistence, and I've tried the standard lib's Shelve, Zope's ZODB,
> Divmod's Axiom, and others. However, while they're all useful, none
> satisfies all my criteria. So I started writing some toy code of my own:
> http://paste.plone.org/5227
>
> All my code currently does is transparently keep track of object changes
> without requiring any special coding on part of the user, and a function
> to convert an object to a file system hierarchy of folders and files.
> Please, let me know what you think.
> 
> Thanks,
> Chris



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 25 12:55:39 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:55:39 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <12qrr8nnk5uc0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44C6471E.3080106@mvista.com>
	<12qrr8nnk5uc0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44C64D0B.8040503@mvista.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-25 13:30:22, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>
>   
>>> Running os.system() in multiple threads strikes me as kind of whacked.
>>> Won't they all compete to read and write stdin/stdout simultaneously? 
>>>
>>>       
>> Unfortunately this is due to the nature of the problem I am tasked with 
>> solving.  I have a large computing farm, these os.system calls are often 
>> things like ssh that do work on locations remote from the initial python 
>> task.  
>>     
>
> [...]
>
>   
>> Again, the problem I'm trying to solve doesn't work like this.  I've been
>> working on a framework to be run across a large number of distributed
>> nodes (here's where you throw out the "duh, use a distributed
>> technology" in my face).  The thing is, I'm only writing the framework,
>> the framework will work with modules, lots of them, which will be
>> written by other people.  Its going to be impossible to get people to
>> write hundreds of modules that constantly check for status messages.  
>>     
>
> Doesn't this sound like a case for using processes instead of threads?
> Where you don't have control over the thread, you can use a process and get
> the separation you need to be able to kill this task.
>
> Alternatively you could possibly provide a base class for the threads that
> handles the things you need every thread to handle. They'd not have to
> write it then; they'd not even have to know too much about it.
>
> Gerhard
>
>   
I'd be all for using processes but setting up communication between 
processes would be difficult wouldn't it?  I mean, threads have shared 
memory so making sure all threads know the current system state is an 
easy thing.  With processes wouldn't I have to setup some type of 
server/client design, where one process has the system state and then 
the other processes constantly probe the host when they need the current 
system state? 




-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 20 17:25:25 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 23:25:25 +0200
Subject: [OT] Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <7cbvb2td29oo672rciqhu08rs7fml9qgjg@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e94ub2dnd2422lpetr06o3hn7qjuar5jtk@4ax.com>
	<44bf6084$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<7cbvb2td29oo672rciqhu08rs7fml9qgjg@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44bff328$0$30106$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Dennis Lee Bieber a ?crit :
> On Thu, 20 Jul 2006 12:52:52 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers
> <onurb at xiludom.gro> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
> 
>>Granted. Actually, it *was* a typo - but it happened to also make sens,
>>so I decided it was not a typo !-)
>>
> 
> 	Ah... One of those "it's faster to just continue typing than to
> break my flow and go backwards" moments. <G> 

Almost... I noticed it while re-reading.

> (and I forgot to include
> the <G> on my prior post)

We won't hold it against you !-)


From techxplorer at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 04:22:55 2006
From: techxplorer at gmail.com (Corey Wallis)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 18:22:55 +1000
Subject: subprocess returncode always None
Message-ID: <19fa495f0607090122m3f333eb2w3bcbb7376c5fa322@mail.gmail.com>

Dear All,

I'm currently working on a project that needs to collect the output of
the JHOVE application. More information about the application is
available at this website:

http://hul.harvard.edu/jhove/

The application is written in Java and is executed by a shell script.
There are occasions where this application may get stuck in an
infinite loop. For this reason I've been trying to implement a simple
class that I can use to execute the JHOVE application and if it
doesn't complete in the required period of time to raise an exception
and kill the process.

The class is as follows, apologies for the odd line wrapping.

<snip>
class niceSubprocess(object):
    """
    A class that implements a call to the subprocess method with a timeout
    - command, the command to execute
    - params, the parameters to pass to the application
    - timeout, the amount of time in seconds to wait
    """
    def executeCommand(self, command, params, timeout):
        try:
            timeElapsed = 0

            process = subprocess.Popen((command, params), stdin =
subprocess.PIPE, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE,
close_fds = True)

            while process.poll() == None and timeElapsed < timeout:
                print process.poll()
                #print process.stdout.read()
                timeElapsed = timeElapsed + 1
                time.sleep(1)

            if process.poll() == None:
                # kill off the process, and don't be terribly nice about it
                os.kill(process.pid, signal.SIGKILL)
                raise timeoutError, timeout
            else:
                if process.stdout.read() == "":
                    raise executeError, process.stderr.read()
                else:
                    return process.stdout.read()

        except Exception, errorInfo:
            # pass the exception to the calling code
            raise errorInfo

</snip>

I'm running this on Linux and through the use of top can see the JAVA
process start and complete. The problem I have is that process.poll()
always returns None, even though the application has successfully ran
and returned output.

Can anyone shed some light on why the call to the shell script always
returns None as a return code?

With thanks.

-Corey

-- 
Corey Wallis
RUBRIC Technical Officer
University of Southern Queensland
http://www.rubric.edu.au
http://techxplorer.wordpress.com


From chris at kateandchris.net  Mon Jul 24 11:24:46 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:24:46 -0400
Subject: list of indices
In-Reply-To: <20060724151435.31874.qmail@web60322.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <20060724151435.31874.qmail@web60322.mail.yahoo.com>
Message-ID: <20060724152446.GC8234@kateandchris.net>

On Mon, Jul 24, 2006 at 08:14:35AM -0700, Julien Ricard wrote:
>    hi,
> 
>    is there any method to get only some elements of a list from a list of
>    indices. Something like:
> 
>    indices=[0,3,6]
>    new_list=list[indices]
    new_list = [list[x] for x in indicies]
> 
>    which would create a new list containing 0th, 3rd and 6th elements from
>    the original list? I do this with a loop but I'd like to know if there is
>    a simpler way.
> 
>    thanks in advance
> 
>    Jul

> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From i at mindlace.net  Wed Jul  5 18:37:21 2006
From: i at mindlace.net (emf)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 18:37:21 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc2822
In-Reply-To: <1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
Message-ID: <44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>

John Dennis wrote:

> It's not at all clear to me that mailman should be responsible for
> archiving.

While I am somewhat in agreement, the current situation is that 
archiving comes bundled with mailman and represents a significant 
weakness in its current web UI. Not doing anything about the web UI 
presented by the archives would, in my mind, represent a substantial 
failing.

> Archiving and MLM (Mailing List Manager) functionality can be
> orthogonal to each other.

I can imagine - but have never used - a mailing list where access to 
past emails is 'orthogonal' to the use of the mailing list. It is hard 
for me to see the orthogonality except inasmuch as there's often a 
different user agent involved.

> Archiving has a complex feature set if it's
> done right, and it's complex to implement.

Well, happily mailman is in the situation where archiving is not done 
right, and it seems like there's room for doing enough to a.) represent 
an improvement on the current situation and b.) lay a decent groundwork 
for plugging in different archivers or offering more of this complexity 
you speak of.

> There are many items on Mailman's UI task list which need attention and can be done
> independently of also trying to tackle the 800 pound gorilla known as
> archiving.

I am indeed taking this tack. However, even for things like the 
moderation approval page I need to parse & render emails.

> I seem to
> recall this is also Barry's preference who noted the existing pipermail
> was only a stop-gap solution so there would be some default archiver,
> but it was never the intention Mailman would have any extensive
> archiving implementation.

Like many stop gap solutions, this one is widely used, and represents 
the most visited portion of the "mailman web UI". At a bare minimum, the 
archive pages should provide decent navigation.

The requirement for a default archiver remains, and the solution I 
propose is much more override friendly than the existing one; it 
wouldn't create hundreds of webpages out of the archives, just read out 
of the existing mbox files.

> For what its worth I went looking for best of breed in open source
> archivers about 6 months ago and what I came up with was a project
> called "Lurker" (http://lurker.sourceforge.net)

Thanks! I will look into this and see what I can glean from it.

> IMHO let the archiving experts deal with archiving, let the MLM experts
> (e.g. Mailman) deal with managing mailing lists.

It is probably just a sign that I haven't explored the extant solutions 
sufficiently, but I have seen no sign that there are a variety of 
high-quality archiving solutions out there.

What appears to me to be your main point - don't let archiving get in 
the way of delivering other UI functionality - is well taken; it is not 
at all at the top of my queue.

~ethan fremen


From xah at xahlee.org  Fri Jul 21 15:16:45 2006
From: xah at xahlee.org (Xah Lee)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:16:45 -0700
Subject: On Computing and Its People
In-Reply-To: <1153290273.890438.56440@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>
	<1153151694.674061.133510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9ieii$mn6$1@online.de>
	<1153290273.890438.56440@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153509405.284210.48400@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

in the past years, i have written few hundreds of essays and tutorials
on computing. Now, i've but a index page to this collection:
http://xahlee.org/Periodic_dosage_dir/skami_prosa.html

many of these, originated from online forum. The writing style is
enticing and the content astute.

also, as many of you may know, in the past month there's some
controversy regarding me, that resulted in a small web hosting company
kicking me out, giving the legal reason of _no reason_ as by the
contract agreement (with a 30 days notice in advance). I feel there's
some public obligation to give this update. More details is at
http://xahlee.org/Periodic_dosage_dir/t2/harassment.html

i have been busy in the past month so i haven't wrote anything new
(regarding computing). Recently i started to do Java again, and will
probably soon complete the other sections of this exposition:
What are OOP's Jargons and Complexities
http://xahlee.org/Periodic_dosage_dir/t2/oop.html

   Xah
   xah at xahlee.org
 ? http://xahlee.org/



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 01:11:05 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 22:11:05 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154063465.925458.227040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

By any chance the command window hasn't been restarted after you've
changed the PATH? Strange that looks OK.

If you do  echo %PATH% what does it tell you, is Python there?

Cheers
Ray

Daniel Mark wrote:
> Hello all:
>
> I have set the PATH for Python as follows:
>
> My Computer->Properties->Advanced->Environment Variables->System
> Variables->Path
>
> ...; C:\Program Files\Python24;
>
> Then I try to run python under command line
>
> C:\>python
>
> C:\>python.exe
>
> I got nothing:)
>
> It works iff I run as follows:
>
> C:\>"Program Files\Python24\python.exe"
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >>>
>
> My question is how I can set the path so that the XP can run python
> without the full path?
> 
> 
> Thank you very much
> -Daniel



From no at spam.com  Fri Jul 14 12:52:49 2006
From: no at spam.com (El Duderino)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 09:52:49 -0700
Subject: time.clock()
In-Reply-To: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
References: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
Message-ID: <BZPtg.744$_M.530@fed1read04>

Tobiah wrote:
> Am I barking up the wrong tree?

I don't think so, time.clock() has always worked fine for me. You can 
also try time.time(). It is not as precise, but it might be sufficient 
for your needs.


From simon at brunningonline.net  Wed Jul 26 08:11:03 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 13:11:03 +0100
Subject: Problem with readlines() and uml
In-Reply-To: <1153914937.623810.235150@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153914937.623810.235150@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607260511q203aa599p93fb83bf4e5cdd5c@mail.gmail.com>

On 26 Jul 2006 04:55:37 -0700, wscrsurfdude <mark at holmes.nl> wrote:
> Sorry it is so hot in here, I make mistakes, I meant it to be an xml
> file. But still sthe same problem

Check out elementtree - <http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm>.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sat Jul  1 19:19:58 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 23:19:58 GMT
Subject: really basic question regarding arrays/function output...
References: <mailman.7696.1151792861.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <yqDpg.9621$Bh.3695@tornado.texas.rr.com>


"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:mailman.7696.1151792861.27775.python-list at python.org...
> hi...
>
> i have the following test python script.... i'm trying to figure out a
> couple of things...
>
> 1st.. how can i write the output of the "label" to an array, and then how
i
> can select a given element of the array.. i know real basic..
>
I think this is so basic, I'm not sure what you're talking about.  One does
not really "write to an array".  In fact, Python's most natural data
structure is a list, which has many array-like features (there is also an
array module, but since you are asking basic questions, I'm trying to stick
to basic Python).

To append an item to a list, use append.
To graft one list on to the end of another, use += or extend.
To access the i'th element of a list use [i] (indices are zero-based).

This is covered in far better detail in the Python tutorials.  These
fundamental data structures of Python (list, tuple, dict, set, str) are your
fundamental tools when writing Python code, so you should read up on them.

> 2nd.. where can i go to find methods of libxml2dom. i've been looking
using
> google, but can't seem to find a site pointing out the underlying methods,
> which is kind of strange...
>
Try dir and help from the Python interactive command line.  Assuming you
have installed libxml2dom, do this:

import libxml2dom
dir(libxml2dom)
help(libxml2dom)

I see that this module also contains directories for tests and tools, these
may provide you with some usage examples. (The docs directory *is* woefully
brief...)

-- Paul




From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 03:21:33 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:21:33 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153984893.730194.126140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> > Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> >
> >> bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> >>
> >>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> >>>
> >>> I don't get what threading and Twisted would to do for
> >>> you. The problem you actually have is that you sometimes
> >>> need terminate these other process running other programs.
> >>> Use spawn, fork/exec* or maybe one of the popens.
> >>>
> >>>
> >> I have a strong need for shared memory space in a large distributed
> >> environment.
> >>
> >
> > Distributed shared memory is a tough trick; only a few systems simulate
> > it.
> >
> Yea, this I understand, maybe I chose some poor words to describe what I
> wanted.

Ya' think?  Looks like you have no particular need for shared
memory, in your small distributed system.

> I think this conversation is getting hairy and confusing so  I'm
> going to try and paint a better picture of what's going on.  Maybe this
> will help you understand exactly what's going on or at least what I'm
> trying to do, because I feel like we're just running in circles.
[...]

So step out of the circles already. You don't have a Python thread
problem. You don't have a process overhead problem.

[...]
> So, I have a distributed build system. [...]

Not a trivial problem, but let's not pretend we're pushing the
state of the art here.

Looks like the system you inherited already does some things
smartly: you have ssh set up so that a controller machine can
launch various build steps on a few dozen worker machines.

[...]
> The threads invoke a series
> of calls that look like
>
> os.system(ssh <host> <command>)
>
> or for more complex operations they would just spawn a process that ran
> another python script)
>
> os.system(ssh <host> <script>)
[...]
> Alright, so this scheme that was first put in place kind of worked.
> There were some problems, for example when someone did something like
> os.system(ssh <host> <script>)  we had no good way of knowing what the
> hell happened in the script.

Yeah, that's one thing we've been telling you. The os.system()
function doesn't give you enough information nor enough control.
Use one of the alternatives we've suggested -- probably the
subprocess.Popen class.

[...]
> So, I feel like I have a couple options,
>
>  1) try moving everything to a process oriented configuration - we think
> this would be bad, from a resource standpoint as well as it would make
> things more difficult to move to a fully distributed system later, when
> I get my army of code monkeys.
>
> 2) Suck it up and go straight for the distributed system now - managers
> don't like this, but maybe its easier than I think its going to be, I dunno
>
> 3) See if we can find some other way of getting the threads to terminate.
>
> 4) Kill it and clean it up by hand or helper scripts - we don't want to
> do this either, its one of the major things we're trying to get away from.

The more you explain, the sillier that feeling looks -- that those
are your options. Focus on the problems you actually have. Track
what build steps worked as expected; log what useful information
you have about the ones that did not.

That "resource standpoint" thing doesn't really make sense. Those
os.system() calls launch *at least* one more process. Some
implementations will launch a process to run a shell, and the
shell will launch another process to run the named command. Even
so, efficiency on the controller machine is not a problem given
the scale you have described.


-- 
--Bryan



From luismgz at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:05:32 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:05:32 -0700
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <UkOsg.2452$No6.49783@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<UkOsg.2452$No6.49783@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1152644732.371045.264820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


John Salerno wrote:
> Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
>
> > I'm curious, why it didn't work?
> > I sent them an email recently, asking about mod_python support, and
> > they replied afirmatively, and very quickly. They also said that they
> > can install other scripts on demand.
> > But I never tried them though...
> > I'd like to know more about your experience with this hosting, if
> > possible.
>
> Their support was always great, and they tried several things to get it
> to work, but I soon got the feeling that although they "support"
> mod_python, they didn't really have it set up correctly. They tried
> different variations of setting up the proper handlers, but nothing ever
> worked for me, whereas other places I've tried with mod_python, it
> simply works when you go to a .psp page, for example.
>
> Perhaps by now they've fixed it. It is certainly cheap enough to give a
> shot, and they allow you a few months in which you can cancel and get a
> refund.

I see.
Perhaps the solution to these problems is configuring your handlers as
.htaccess in your web folders. This way, you don't need to ask your
hosting provider to fiddle with Apache configurations in order to suit
your needs.
I know by working on my own computer that these configurations are very
tricky...



From homepricemaps at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 00:58:32 2006
From: homepricemaps at gmail.com (homeprice maps)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 00:58:32 -0400
Subject: Fwd: please remove posting we are receiving unsolicited emails
In-Reply-To: <5032a120607082156p357ccf65ndd195c8c5aded0c0@mail.gmail.com>
References: <5032a120607082156p357ccf65ndd195c8c5aded0c0@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <5032a120607082158m1ef4b2a1s24c42b1e8863270c@mail.gmail.com>

 dear python ,

as a result of the following posting
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2006-January/318387.html   as
well as this posting

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2006-January/318938.html

we are receiving emails from people regarding services and websites we have
no relation to.

please please have this posting removed asap.

thank you

abe
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From davew at cs.haverford.edu  Sat Jul 22 08:10:30 2006
From: davew at cs.haverford.edu (David G. Wonnacott)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:10:30 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <e9sgco$dqc$01$1@news.t-online.com> (message from Peter Otten on
	Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:25:51 +0200)
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9sgco$dqc$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <200607221210.k6MCAUds030159@triluminary.cs.haverford.edu>

Many thanks to those of you who responded to my question about
anonymous functions with local variables, filling me in on

  e) do something else clever and Pythonic that I don't know about yet?

by pointing out that I can use (among other good things) lambda with
default arguments. That should suit my immediate needs well, since I
don't need to maintain state (or avoid maintaning state); I may also
look into closures (possibly anonymous ones?) and callable classes if
I need to go beyond this. And, of course, if the code is complex
enough, then one should give up the anonymous function and name it.

Rest assured that I will _not_ be attempting to write "let" in Python
and use it.

It looks like Python may be every much as big an improvement over C++
as I had hoped.

Dave Wonnacott


From byteschreck at googlemail.com  Tue Jul 18 06:38:36 2006
From: byteschreck at googlemail.com (byteschreck at googlemail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 03:38:36 -0700
Subject: Python linker
Message-ID: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I love python - I use it as a utility language to complement my C#
programming every day. However, the reason I do not use it as my
primary language is - surprise, surprise - not its lack of static type
checking, but the size of standalone executes  (which embed the python
runtime).

Would it be possible to link only the used functions into your
resulting executable? After all, a typical application might only use
20% of everything that is in the Python .dlls.

The same applies to wxPython - it would be great if you could only link
in what you need. Would it be possible to write such linkers at all
(maybe based on GCC)?



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 25 16:59:22 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 20:59:22 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8402.1153502962.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnec6g1p.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8429.1153669301.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnecd1ha.q9d.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-23, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-23 06:24:09, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>>> In general, I'd say that in this case the example was not well-chosen.
>>> After such a "shudder removal", a poster should IMO review what caused
>>> the shudder, and rephrase the original problem without the shudder.
>> 
>> The shudder is not with the poster. The poster can't predict how the
>> readers will react. 
>
> Correct. But if someone with the potential to help shudders, I might just 
> rephrase my "question" (the code) to suit that person's preferences. Why 
> not?

The point is that the shudder makes people react in an unhelpfull way.
If you think they still can be helpfull and you want to respond in
such a way that makes it more likely they will respond in a helpfull
way, sure go ahead.

>>> That might take a few iterations, but in general, either one or more of
>>> the "shudder removals" actually address the OP's issue, maybe without
>>> any individual helper understanding all of the problem (due to
>>> incomplete example code), or the iterations lead to a code that's
>>> "shudder free" and still shows the original problem -- now usually in a
>>> clearer form, because free of other issues that are not relevant to the
>>> OP's point.
>> 
>> I doubt that. 
>
> I'm not sure, but I've seen in the short time I've been here that a few of 
> the regulars both have their specific "shudder" issues, and post helpful 
> alternative solutions and corrections. So I think it definitely can help to 
> address their "shudder" issues and get this out of the way. 

Sure, but it takes time. Not everyone thinks it is worth that time.

>> My experience is that you have more chance of being helped by people who
>> try to understand where the OP is trying to go form than from those who
>> react to style issues. 
>
> No contest to that. But why not talk to the others, who in a way insist on 
> their idiom but otherwise contribute to helpful solutions, in their idiom?

That is what each person has to decide for by himself. My personal
experience is others usually have come with equally usefull
contributions without losing time harping on Python idiom.
Your milage may vary.

> My view is: I ask for help on a public forum. I get what I get... and if I 
> consider that someone who responded with something that's not immediately 
> helpful has a potential to help me better, I try to get in a dialog and 
> address what has been suggested, carving out my real problem in the idiom 
> of that person. This is my responsibility -- after all, I'm the one who 
> wants to learn how that person would solve my problem. Later then I can try 
> to separate what I want to use from that solution from what I consider 
> personal preference of the helping person.

It all depends. If that person is one of many that responded, I may
think it is not worth my time to find out how this particular person
would solve my problem. If he seems to be the only one who has a clue
I may be more inclined to get that dialog started.

>>> E.g. if someone makes a suggestion that is valid with the example code I
>>> posted but not with the real code I have, I need to post an updated
>>> example code that introduces a restriction similar to the one I
>>> actually have, which then correctly invalidates the formerly valid
>>> suggestion -- and helps getting more helpful responses.
>> 
>> Not necessarily. A valid suggestion doesn't imply a relevant suggestion.
>> 
>> If someone come with code like:
>> 
>>   if Number != 0:
>> 
>> And someone suggests that the python idiom is
>> 
>>   if Number:
>> 
>> Then that suggestion is valid, but it also is irrelevant. 
>
> Correct. But if it helps the person who suggested it to see the original 
> problem, now not hidden (for that person) under offending idiom, then the 
> change was relevant -- not for the problem, but for the communication about 
> it. 
>
> It's like if you want good stock advice from your uncle, who's experienced 
> in the matter but very formal, ask him without using the f*** word. You can 
> use it when asking your other uncle, who's also experienced but doesn't 
> really care about formalities. Tune in if you want a good channel...

That is one side of the coin. The other side is that if the formal
uncle is heard a lot without someone contradicting him from time
to time, then all the newbies will think that formal is the
way to go, creating a lot more people who are somewhat uptight.
causing a lot of time to go into getting things formal instead
of solving the problem.

> I agree that mere aesthetic changes usually don't address the problem in 
> itself. But it's just like posting here in a distant Chinese dialect won't 
> do you any good (and neither in a distant, say, Scottish dialect :). If you 
> want to get up a helpful communication, you need to use the right language. 
> Here it is English and Python :)  and if making my example code more 
> pythonic (and my textual part more English) helps me creating a better 
> communication about the issue I'm interested in, that's what I do (and what 
> I'd recommend everybody else to do). 
>
> If there is a valid reason for a part of the code being different 
> ("non-pythonic"), and that difference may be relevant, then there's a way 
> to show that reason in the example code. It may be that exactly this 
> process of boiling the code down to the relevant pieces shows you the 
> answer. That happens more often than most people realize, and is a process 
> that's quite valuable. 
>
> To apply that to your example... If there's no particular reason to write 
> "number != 0", then just repost the problem code with "number" instead and 
> you're done. But if there's a reason, try to set up your example code so it 
> shows that reason.

This goes against the advise that is given here and in other language and
programming groups: If you have a problem with particular behaviour (a
bug) reduce your program to the minimal that still produces the trouble
some behaviour. 

> This both helps people understand your problem better, 

Sure, but it seems there are people who can tangle the problem without
knowing whether or not there is a reason. They just look at the code
and figure out what it does, whithout bothering about how it should
look like and in the end that is the most helpfull attitude. 

> and may just show the reason for the problem -- after all, you most often 
> than not don't know where exactly your problem is, so you're not in a good 
> position to judge what you can leave out of the code without taking out the 
> problematic part. So: boil down your code to what shows the problem, and 
> nothing more, as much as possible, and present it in an idiom that helps 
> the others to help you. 

I don't know. It seems a waste of time a lot of the times. If I'm
talking with someone in real life about a problem and I get the
feeling that person is more interested in me wording the problem
in the proper formal way instead of caring about the problem itself,
I probably consider not longer bothering this person with my problems
unless there seems to be no alternative.

I think the same applies to newsgroups.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 11 16:17:03 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 20:17:03 +0000
Subject: tkinter cursors name&display reference
References: <1152644090.230679.186850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <viddo3-min.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1152644090.230679.186850 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 <jmdeschamps at gmail.com> wrote:
>I made a document on Tkinter cursors (mouse pointers?), pairing the
>cursor image with its name...
>Not a great deal of magic here since anyone can program something to
>see the different cursors on screen rather easily... BUT to have a
>printable reference can be nice :-)
>
>Would this be useful to anyone else?
>Could it be an addendum to Tkinter documentation?
>Should I propose it to someone or post it somewhere?
>Is pdf better than html ?
>etc,etc.
			.
			.
			.
The Tkinter Wiki <URL: http://tkinter.unpythonic.net/wiki/ >
would be a great place at least for a reference to this.  If
you have HTML or PDF that you want to publish, and no conveni-
ent Web server, e-mail me.  The Tkinter documentation and any
other places that might want this probably can use just the
reference.


From chan.neo at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:44:16 2006
From: chan.neo at gmail.com (Netkiller)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:44:16 -0700
Subject: my newsgroup base database. (test)
Message-ID: <1151995456.169775.106990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Project: Network News Transport Protocol Server Program
Description:
????????????BBS????NNTP???????
Reference:
        NNTP??? http://www.mibsoftware.com/userkt/0099.htm
         ??????
http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/RegExpInPython#head-2358765384844ed72f01658cbcde24613d941e9d

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
python-chinese
Post: send python-chinese at lists.python.cn
Subscribe: send subscribe to python-chinese-request at lists.python.cn
Unsubscribe: send unsubscribe to
python-chinese-request at lists.python.cn
Detail Info: http://python.cn/mailman/listinfo/python-chinese
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
"""

import sys
import socket
import threading
import time
import asyncore, asynchat
import string, StringIO, re
#from netkiller import *
#import testMessages
from messages import Messages

#print Messages.banner

class nntp_server (asyncore.dispatcher):

    channel_counter = 0

    def __init__ (self, host, port):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__ (self)
        self.create_socket (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.set_reuse_addr()
        self.there = (host, port)
        self.bind (self.there)
        self.listen (5)
    def handle_connect(self):
        pass
    def handle_accept (self):
        conn, addr = self.accept()
        nntp_receiver (self, (conn, addr))
    def handle_error(self):
        pass
    def handle_close (self):
        self.close()

class nntp_receiver (asynchat.async_chat):

    def __init__ (self, server, (conn, addr)):
        asynchat.async_chat.__init__ (self, conn)
        self.set_terminator ('\r\n')
        self.server = server
        self.server.channel_counter = self.server.channel_counter + 1
        self.id = self.server.channel_counter
        #self.sender = nntp_sender (self, server.there)
        #self.sender.id = self.id
        self.buffer = ''
        self.handle_connect()
        self.current_group = group_selected(None)
    def handle_connect (self):
        if self.connected :
            self.push(Messages.banner)

    def collect_incoming_data (self, data):
        self.buffer = self.buffer + data

    def found_terminator (self):
        data = self.buffer
        self.buffer = ''
        if self.get_terminator() == '\r\n':
            parse = self.isCommand(data)
            if parse:
                parse[0] = parse[0].lower()
                self.log('command:'+parse[0])
                usenet(self,parse,self.current_group)
                if parse[0] == 'post':
                    self.set_terminator ('.\r\n')
                if parse[0] == 'quit':
                    self.handle_close()
        else:
            usenet(self,['post',data],self.current_group)
            self.set_terminator ('\r\n')

        message = '<== (%d) %s' % (self.server.channel_counter,
repr(data))
        self.log(message)
        #self.log('current:'+self.current_group.get_group())
        #self.sender.push (data + '\n')
    def close_when_done():
        pass
    def handle_close (self):
        self.log('Closing')
        self.server.channel_counter = self.server.channel_counter - 1
        #self.sender.close()
        self.close()

    def isCommand(self,data):
        rcommand = (
            r'^mode [reader|stream]',
            r'^list$',r'^list
[active|active.times|newsgroups|subscriptions]',
            r'^xover [0-9]+-[0-9]+',
            r'^newgroups [0-9]+ [0-9]+ ',
            r'^group .+',
            r'^newgroups [0-9]+ [0-9]+ [a-zA-Z]',
            r'^head [0-9]+',
            r'^body [0-9]+',
            r'^article [0-9]+',
            r'^post$',r'^next$',r'^last$',
            r'^ihave$',r'^slave$',
            r'^help$',r'^quit$'
        )
        parse = []
        for command in rcommand:
            digs = re.compile(command,re.IGNORECASE)
            if digs.match(data):
                parse = data.split(' ')
                return parse
        self.push("500 command not recognized\r\n")
        return None
"""
class nntp_sender (asynchat.async_chat):

    def __init__ (self, receiver, address):
        asynchat.async_chat.__init__ (self)
        self.receiver = receiver
        self.set_terminator (None)
        self.create_socket (socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.buffer = ''
        self.set_terminator ('\n')
        self.connect (address)

    def handle_connect (self):
        print 'Connected'

    def collect_incoming_data (self, data):
        self.buffer = self.buffer + data

    def found_terminator (self):
        data = self.buffer
        self.buffer = ''
        print '==> (%d) %s' % (self.id, repr(data))
        self.receiver.push (data + '\n')

    def handle_close (self):
        self.receiver.close()
        self.close()
"""
class group_selected:
    #current = None
    def __init__(self,value):
        self.set_group(value)
    def set_group(self,value):
        self.current = value
    def get_group(self):
        return self.current

class usenet:
    #threading.Thread
    conn = None
    addr = None
    buffer = None
    msg = None
    conn = None
    current_group = None
    HELP = """\
HELP \r\n
100 Legal commands \r\n
  authinfo user Name|pass Password \r\n
  article [MessageID|Number] \r\n
  body [MessageID|Number] \r\n
  check MessageID \r\n
  date \r\n
  group newsgroup \r\n
  head [MessageID|Number] \r\n
  help \r\n
  ihave \r\n
  last \r\n
  list [active|active.times|newsgroups|subscriptions] \r\n
  listgroup newsgroup \r\n
  mode stream \r\n
  mode reader \r\n
  newgroups yymmdd hhmmss [GMT] [<distributions>] \r\n
  newnews newsgroups yymmdd hhmmss [GMT] [<distributions>] \r\n
  next \r\n
  post \r\n
  slave \r\n
  stat [MessageID|Number] \r\n
  takethis MessageID \r\n
  xgtitle [group_pattern] \r\n
  xhdr header [range|MessageID] \r\n
  xover [range] \r\n
  xpat header range|MessageID pat [morepat...] \r\n
. \r\n"""

    def __init__(self, conn,command,current_group):
        self.conn = conn
        self.buffer = buffer
        self.msg = Messages()
        self.current_group = current_group
        command[0] = command[0].lower()
        self.commands(command)
    def welcome(self):
        self.conn.send(self.msg.banner)
    def commands(self, command):
        if not buffer: return True
        if command[0] == 'mode':
            self.conn.push(self.msg.banner)
        elif command[0] == 'list':
            lists = self.msg.list()
            length = str(len(lists))
            self.conn.send("215 list of newsgroups follows\r\n")
            for group in lists:
                self.conn.push(group+"\r\n")
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] == 'group':
            current = command[1]
            isNone = self.msg.group(current)
            if not isNone:
                Responses(self.conn,411)
            else:
                self.current_group.set_group(current)
                number,first,last,group = isNone
                self.conn.push("211 " +number+' '+first+' '+last+'
'+group+ " selected\r\n")
        elif command[0] == 'newgroups':
            #newgroups = self.msg.newgroups(950803,192708,'GMT')
            #length = len(newgroups)
            self.conn.push("231 list of new newsgroups follows.\r\n")
            #for name in newgroups:
            #    self.conn.push(name+"\r\n")
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] =='article':
            MessageID = command[1]
            text = self.msg.article(MessageID)
            self.conn.push("220 "+MessageID+"
<mailman.jobs at lists.mozilla.org> article retrieved - head and body
follows\r\n")
            self.conn.push(text)
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] =='head':
            MessageID = command[1]
            self.conn.push("221 "+MessageID+"
<mailman.jobs at lists.mozilla.org>\r\n")
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] =='body':
            MessageID = command[0]
            self.conn.push("222 "+MessageID+"
<mailman.jobs at lists.mozilla.org>\r\n")
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] == 'xover':
            if not self.current_group.get_group():
                Responses(self.conn,412)
                return
            xover = command[1]
            first, last = xover.split('-')
            xovers = self.msg.xover(first,last)
            #length = len(xovers)
            self.conn.push("224 xover information follows\r\n")
            """
            412 no newsgroup has been selected
            """
            for xover in xovers:
                self.conn.push( xover + "\r\n")
            self.conn.push(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] =='xhdr':
            xhdr = command[1]
            subject, range = xhdr.split(' ')
            first, last = range.split('-')
            self.msg.xhdr('subject',first,last)
            #length = len(xover_list)
            self.conn.push("221 "+subject+" field follows\r\n")
            for xo in xover_list:
                self.conn.send( xo + "\r\n")
            self.conn.send(".\r\n")
        elif command[0] == 'post':
            if len(command) == 1:
                self.conn.push("340 send article\r\n")
            elif len(command) == 2:
                data = command[1]
                self.msg.post(data)
                Responses(self.conn,240)
        elif command[0] == 'rset':
            self.conn.push("250 OK\r\n")
        elif command[0] =='help':
            self.conn.push(self.HELP)
        elif command[0] =='quit':
            self.conn.push("205 closing connection - goodbye!\r\n")
        return True

    def close(self):
        self.conn.close()
        self.buffer = None
        self.conn = None
        self.addr = None

class Responses:
    conn = None
    def __init__(self,conn,status):
        self.conn = conn
        if status == 205:
            pass
        elif status == 224:
            self.conn.push('224 Overview information follows\r\n')

        elif status == 240:
            self.conn.push('240 article posted ok\r\n')
        elif status == 340:
            self.conn.push('340 send article to be posted. End with
<CR-LF>.<CR-LF>\r\n')
        elif status == 411:
            self.conn.push('411 no such news group\r\n')
        elif status == 412:
            self.conn.push('412 No news group current selected\r\n')
        elif status == 420:
            self.conn.push('420 No article(s) selected\r\n')

        elif status == 440:
            self.conn.push('440 posting not allowed\r\n')
        elif status == 441:
            self.conn.push('441 posting failed\r\n')
        elif status == 502:
            self.conn.push('502 no permission\r\n')

def main():
    try:
        nntpd = nntp_server('127.0.0.1',119)
        asyncore.loop()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print "Crtl+C pressed. Shutting down."


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 12:35:26 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:35:26 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153326926.822085.219150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Your can of course initialize the components first:

compr=Compressor(...),
comb=Combuster(...),
sup=Supply(...) ,
tur=Turbine(...).

Then do:

compr.up, compr.down =sup, comb
comb.up,  comb.down   =compr, tur

Even if you need to do something during attachment of components it is
more Pythonic to use properties. So you will write a method in your
class name something like _set_up(self,upstream_obj) an  _get_up(self).
 And then at the end of your class put up=property(_get_up, _set_up).
You can still use the compr.up=... format.

Also, you might want to re-think your OO design. It seem that all of
your components do a lot of things in common already. For one they all
are connected to other components like themselves, they also propably
will have method to do some computing, perhaps send or receive stuff
from other components, or they all will implement somekind of an event
model. In that case you could create a generic component class and
sublass the specific implementations from it. For example:
class Component(object):
    send(...)
    recv(...)
    up
    down
    print_data(...)
    ...

Then do:
 class Turbine(Component):
        method_specific_to_turbine(...)
        send(...) #override some methods
        ...
and so on. Of course I am not familiar with your problem in depth all
this might not work for you, just use common sense.

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
>
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
> 
> 
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
> 
> Dave



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Mon Jul 17 06:07:51 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:07:51 +0200
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
In-Reply-To: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb617a$0$26254$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Arash Partow wrote:
> I've ported various hash functions to python if anyone is interested:
> [snip]

Ok, so if you think they are useful, what about writing up an article for the
Python Cookbook that describes their usage and specific advantages/disadvantages?

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/

Stefan


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 21 20:16:39 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 10:16:39 +1000
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com> 
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com> 
Message-ID: <44C16E67.2050505@lexicon.net>

On 22/07/2006 9:25 AM, John Machin wrote:

Apologies if this appears twice ... post to the newsgroup hasn't shown 
up; trying the mailing-list.

> On 22/07/2006 2:18 AM, Simon Forman wrote:
>> John Salerno wrote:
>>> Simon Forman wrote:
>>>
>>>> Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string,  so if you
> 
> (1) Every regex library's match() starts matching from the beginning of 
> the string (unless of course there's an arg for an explicit starting 
> position) -- where else would it start?
> 
> (2) This has absolutely zero relevance to the "match whole string or 
> not" question.
> 
>>>> want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
>>>> want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
>>>> the rest of your pattern matches.)
> 
> *NO* ... if you want to ensure that the whole string matches completely, 
> you need to end your pattern with "\Z", *not* "$".
> 
> Perusal of the manual would seem to be indicated :-)
> 
>>> Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the
>>> full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match
>>> (meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's 
>>> wrong?
> 
> Yes. If the default were to match the whole string, then a metacharacter 
> would be required to signal "*don't* match the whole string" ... 
> functionality which is quite useful.
> 
>>
>> My understanding, from the docs and from dim memories of using
>> re.match() long ago, is that it will match on less than the full input
>> string if the re pattern allows it (for instance, if the pattern
>> *doesn't* end in '.*' or something similar.)
> 
> Ending a pattern with '.*' or something similar is typically a mistake 
> and does nothing but waste CPU cycles:
> 
> C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
> re;s='a'+80*'z';m=re.compile('a').match" "m(s)"
> 1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.12 usec per loop
> 
> C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
> re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a').match" "m(s)"
> 100000 loops, best of 3: 1.15 usec per loop
> 
> C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
> re;s='a'+80*'z';m=re.compile('a.*').match" "m(s)"
> 100000 loops, best of 3: 1.39 usec per loop
> 
> C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
> re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a.*').match" "m(s)"
> 10000 loops, best of 3: 24.2 usec per loop
> 
> The regex engine can't optimise it away because '.' means by default 
> "any character except a newline" , so it has to trundle all the way to 
> the end just in case there's a newline lurking somewhere.
> 
> Oh and just in case you were wondering:
> 
> C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
> re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a.*',re.DOTALL).match" "m(s)"
> 1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.18 usec per loop
> 
> In this case, logic says the '.*' will match anything, so it can stop 
> immediately.
> 
>>
>> I'd test this, though, before trusting it.
>>
>> What the heck, I'll do that now:
>>
>>>>> import re
>>>>> re.match('ab', 'abcde')
>> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb6ff8790>
>>>>> m = _
> 
> ??? What's wrong with _.group() ???
> 
>>>>> m.group()
>> 'ab'
>>>>> print re.match('ab$', 'abcde')
>> None
>>
> 
> HTH,
> John
> 
> 
> 



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 13:43:35 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:43:35 GMT
Subject: trouble understanding super()
In-Reply-To: <Xns9811BC0206FF6duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <7vpzg.2606$No6.51376@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154363450.479986.16980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<80rzg.2608$No6.51410@news.tufts.edu>
	<Xns9811BC0206FF6duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <bjrzg.2609$No6.51464@news.tufts.edu>

Duncan Booth wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
> 
>> But after super(D, self).met() is called, doesn't that then call both 
>> super(B, self).met() and super(C, self).met()? If so, how does that 
>> avoid calling A.met twice? Or is that not what's happening?
> 
> If you have an instance of a B then super(B,self).met() will call A.met(), 
> but if self is actually an instance of a D, then super(B,self).met() 
> actually calls C.met().
> 
> That is why super needs both the class and the instance: so it can jump 
> sideways across the inheritance diamond instead of always passing calls to 
> the base of the current class.

Oh, I think I get it! So what's happening is this:

1. the MRO in this case is always (D, B, C, A, object)
2. super(D, self).met() looks in B
3. super(B, self).met() looks in C
4. super(C, self).met() looks in A

Right? So it's like making a ladder? I guess my confusion came when I 
thought that a call to super(B, self).met() also called A.met, but I 
guess it stops at C and lets C call it.


From dccarson at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 17:57:38 2006
From: dccarson at gmail.com (dccarson at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:57:38 -0700
Subject: ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
	Permission denied
In-Reply-To: <44bfdee5$0$15787$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
References: <1153422334.346817.9840@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bfdee5$0$15787$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <1154037458.415168.102220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I have a similar question (importing cx_Oracle, but not related to
cron).  I would like to use solution #2 below and it does not work.  If
I set LD_LIBRARY_PATH before running python, it works.  If I try to set
it via os.environ, it does not work.

I have tried this in an interactive Python shell.  I can print the
value of os.environ["LD_LIBRARY_PATH"] and it is correct, but the
import fails.  The cx_Oracle.so file is found, but when it tries to
load the necessary Oracle library (libclntsh.so.9.0), I get the
message:

  ImportError: libclntsh.so.9.0: cannot open shared object file: No
such file or directory

Is there something else I have to do when changing os.environ before
trying the import?

Thanks,
David
P.S. Please post, as I don't read this e-mail account.

Damjan wrote:

> These environment variables are important for running any programs that use
> the oracle client libraries. The problem you have is that when you run the
> script from cron these environment variables are not set.
>
> Now, there are several ways how to handle this:
> 1. create a shell script that you call from cron, and it it set the
> environment variables and then call you python program
>
> 2. modify the environment in your python program (via os.environ) and then
> import cx_Oracle
>
> 3. modify your system so that no environment variables are neccesseary -
> actually this is not possible, but what I have is, symbolic links
> in /usr/lib to the libraries in $ORACLE_HOME/lib, thus I don't need the
> LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable, and the only other variable I need is the
> ORACLE_HOME, which is /usr/share/oracle on my system and it contains
> bin/  install/  lib/  network/  ocommon/  oracore/  rdbms/  sqlplus/
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> damjan



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Sun Jul 30 12:46:20 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 09:46:20 -0700
Subject: class variables
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8710.1154263176.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <7008329d0607271421m40d34558u8654de80a89d94b0@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8710.1154263176.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154277980.619177.138650@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

python != java.
when you say "self.v = ...", you mask the class attribute with an
instance attribute.
say "C1.v = ...".

Colin J. Williams wrote:
> Andre Meyer wrote:
> > Hi all
> >
> > I am trying to understand the magic of Python's class variables and
> > tried the following code (see below).
> >
> > Just out of curiosity, I tried to define a property that provides access
> > to a seemingly instancae variable which is in fact a class variable. All
> > seems to work fine (case 4), but when a custom object is assigned, an
> > instance variable is created instead of using theproerty (case 5).
> >
> > What goes wrong here? What is the difference between cases 4 and 5? How
> > can case 5 be fixed?
> >
> > thanks a lot for your help
> > Andre
> >
> > Code Listing
> > =========
> >
> > print; print "*** Case 1 ***"; print
> >
> > class C1(object):
> >
> >     v = None
> >
> >     def __init__(self, value):
> >         print '-', self.v
> >         self.v = value
> >
> >     def value(self):
> >         return self.v
> >
> > a1 = C1(1)
> > b1 = C1(2)
> > print a1.value()
> >
> > print; print "*** Case 2 ***"; print
> >
> > class C2(object):
> >
> >     v = None
> >
> >     def __init__(self, value):
> >         print '-', self.v
> >         self.__class__.v = value
> >
> >     def value(self):
> >         return self.__class__.v
> >
> > a2 = C2(1)
> > b2 = C2(2)
> > print a2.value()
> >
> > print; print "*** Case 3 ***"; print
> >
> > class C3(object):
> >
> >     v = 5
> >
> >     def __init__(self, value):
> >         print '-', self.v
> >         self.v = self.v + value
> >
> >     def value(self):
> >         return self.v
> >
> > a3 = C3(1)
> > b3 = C3(2)
> > print a3.value()
> > print a3.v
> > print a3.__class__.v
> >
> > print; print "*** Case 4 ***"; print
> >
> > class V4(list):
> >     def work(self):
> >         return 'done'
> >
> > class C4(object):
> >
> >     def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v
> >     def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
> >     def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
> >     v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
> >     v = V4()
> >
> >     def __init__(self, value):
> >
> >         print '-', self.v
> >         self.v.append(value)
> >         print '+', self.v
> >
> >     @classmethod
> >     def value(self):
> >         print self.v.work()
> >         return self.v
> >
> >
> > a4 = C4(1)
> > b4 = C4(2)
> > print a4.value()
> > print a4.v
> > print a4.__class__.v
> > print a4.v.work()
> >
> >
> > print; print "*** Case 5 ***"; print
> >
> > class V5(object):
> >     def __init__(self, i):
> >         self.i = i
> >
> >     def work(self):
> >         return 'done', self.i
> >
> > class C5(object):
> >
> >     def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v
> >     def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
> >     def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
> >     v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
> >     v = None
> >
> >     def __init__(self, value):
> >
> >         print '-', self.v
> >         self.v = V5(value)
> >         print '+', self.v
> > #        print self.__class__.__dict__
> > #        print self.__dict__
> >
> >     @classmethod
> >     def value(self):
> >         print self.v.work()
> >         return self.v
> >
> >
> > a5 = C5(1)
> > b5 = C5(2)
> > print a5.value()
> > print a5.v
> > print a5.__class__.v
> > print a5.v.work()
> >
> >
> > Output
> > =====
> >
> >
> > *** Case 1 ***
> >
> > - None
> > - None
> > 1
> >
> > *** Case 2 ***
> >
> > - None
> > - 1
> > 2
> >
> > *** Case 3 ***
> >
> > - 5
> > - 5
> > 6
> > 6
> > 5
> >
> > *** Case 4 ***
> >
> > - []
> > + [1]
> > - [1]
> > + [1, 2]
> > done
> > [1, 2]
> > [1, 2]
> > [1, 2]
> > done
> >
> > *** Case 5 ***
> >
> > - None
> > + <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE0D0>
> > - None
> > + <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE110>
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "classvariables.py", line 121, in ?
> >     print a5.value ()
> >   File "classvariables.py", line 115, in value
> >     print self.v.work()
> > AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'work'
> >
> Andr?,
>
> I would have expected a5.v to be equal to b5.v, otherwise what is the
> value of a class variable?
>
> I get:
> [Dbg]>>> a5.v == b5.v
> False
> 
> I hope that one of the wizards will respond.
> 
> Colin W.



From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 12:13:34 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 21:43:34 +0530
Subject: Activate a daemon several times a day
In-Reply-To: <44ACD65E.1030101@sitasoftware.lu>
References: <44ACD65E.1030101@sitasoftware.lu>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607060913q6ba8549cud64652fa619bd1ad@mail.gmail.com>

did you considered using signals ?! I guess that could well serve the purpose ..

more of signals: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-signal.html

cheers,
amit.


On 7/6/06, Yves Glodt <y.glodt at sitasoftware.lu> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a daemon which runs permanently, and I want it to do a special
> operation at some specifiy times every day, consider this configfile
> extract:
>
> [general]
> runat=10:00,12:00
>
>
> What would be the easiest and most pythonic way to do this?
> Something like this pseudocode:
>
> while True:
>         if now(hours) in runat:
>                 act()
>                 sleep(60)
>         sleep(10)
>
>
> Please enlighten me!
>
> Best regards,
> Yves
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:38:47 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:38:47 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Steven, Actually i wanted a do text processing for my office
where I can view all files in the system and use the first three to
give a summary of the document. Instead of having somebody actually
entering the summary. Seems there is no one code that can act as
convertor across formats, i'll have to check out convertors for
individual formats.

Thanks and Regards,
Gaurav Agarwal

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 06:32:13 -0700, Gaurav Agarwal wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I wanted a script that can convert any file format (RTF/DOC/HTML/PDF/PS
> > etc) to text format.
>
> RTF, HTML and PS are already text format.
>
> DOC is a secret, closed proprietary format. It will be a lot of work
> reverse-engineering it. Perhaps you should consider using existing tools
> that already do it -- see, for example, the word processors Abiword and
> OpenOffice. They are open-source, so you can read and learn from their
> code. Alternatively, you could try some of the suggestions here:
>
> http://www.linux.com/article.pl?sid=06/02/22/201247
>
> Or you could just run through the .doc file, filtering out binary
> characters, and display just the text characters. That's a quick-and-dirty
> strategy that might help.
>
> PDF is (I believe) a compressed, binary format of PS. Perhaps you should
> look at the program pdf2ps -- maybe it will help.
>
> If you explain your needs in a little more detail, perhaps people can give
> you answers which are a little more helpful.
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> Steven.



From no at spam.com  Sun Jul  9 14:56:06 2006
From: no at spam.com (DH)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 13:56:06 -0500
Subject: array of array of float
In-Reply-To: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <iYidneJXy-fVzCzZnZ2dnUVZ_sGdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> i used C too much and haven't used Python for a while...
> 
> like in C, if we want an array of array of float, we use
> 
> float a[200][500];
> 
> now in Python, seems like we have to do something like
> 
> a = [ [ ] ] * 200
> 
> and then just use
> 
> a[1].append(12.34)   etc
> 
> but it turns out that all 200 elements points to the same list...
> and i have to use
> 
> a = [ ]
> for i in range (0, 200):
>     a.append([ ])
> 
> is there a simpler way... i wonder...
> 

Right, try the numpy module, and you can do:

from numpy import *
a = zeros((200,500), Float)

documentation:
http://numeric.scipy.org/numpydoc/numpy-6.html#pgfId-60291
download:
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=1369&package_id=175103
main page:
http://numeric.scipy.org/


From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Wed Jul 26 07:58:30 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 13:58:30 +0200
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
References: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <op.tdaovsl6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:46:39 +0200, H J van Rooyen <mail at microcorp.co.za>  
wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I am struggling to get the pack method to do what I intend.
> I am trying to display user input in a seperate window, along with
> a little description of the field, something like this:
>
>              Current entry
> Company :               entered co. name
> First entry :               entered stuff
> The second entry:     more entered stuff
> Entry number three :  Last entered stuff

You won't be able to do that kind of layout with pack. This is - quite  
obviously IMHO - a job for grid, since your widgets are arranged in a grid.

According to my experience, pack should only be used for *very* simple  
layouts, such as all widgets in a single row or in a single column. Trying  
to do anything else will very soon end up being a nightmare, with unneeded  
frames everywhere. Learn to use grid and life will be far easier for you.

[snip]

A few comments on your code:

> #!/usr/bin/python
> #   The original of this module is supposed to do an accounting entry -
>
> #   we get the gui stuff
>
> from Tkinter import *
>
> class Entryscreen(Frame):

Why do you inherit from Frame? Apparently, you're trying to do a window. A  
Frame is not a window; it's a general-purpose container for widgets. If  
you want to do a window, inherit from Tk (for a main window) or from  
Toplevel (for any other).

>     """This screen is used to construct a new Entry."""
>
> #   we define the variables we use
>
>     des_string = ''     # Description of what we want to do
>     req_string = ''     # Prompt string
>     dis_string = ''     # Description of field for display
>
>     Company =  "New Entry Screen"   # we dont have a company yet
>     Entry_1 = ''                    # or any entries
>     Entry_2 = ''
>     Entry_3 = ''
>
>     def start_new(self):
>         """This is the routine that assembles a new record"""
>
>         if self.Company == "New Entry Screen":  # if its the first time,
>
> #   we make a new window
>
>             show = Tk()

No, we don't. We actually create a whole new tcl/tk interpreter  
environment, completely independent from the one we already have, which  
happens to create a new main window. Doing so is bound to cause problems  
later. If you want to create a new window, instantiate Toplevel.

>             show.title('Accounting entry display window')
>
> #   we get an instance to display results in
>
>             self.disp = Showscreen("Current entry",master=show)
>
> #   then we ask for the company:
>
>             des_string = "Getting the Company "
>             req_string = "Enter the Company for this session"
>             dis_string = 'Company:'
>             error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,  
> self.disp)
>             self.Company = self.Amount
>
> #   Then or else we ask for entry details
>
>         des_string = "Getting first entry"
>         req_string = "Enter first field"
>         dis_string = "First entry:"
>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,  
> self.disp)
>
>         des_string = "Getting second entry"
>         req_string = "Enter second field"
>         dis_string = "The second entry:"
>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,  
> self.disp)
>
>         des_string = "Getting third entry"
>         req_string = "Enter third field"
>         dis_string = "Entry number three:"
>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,  
> self.disp)

This is not important, but why do you always create variables for your  
strings instead of passing them directly? For example, the previous 4  
lines can be written:

error = self.GetEntry("Getting third entry", "Enter third field", "Entry  
number three:", self.disp)

This would shorten your code a lot. And why do you always pass self.disp  
as the last argument? This is an attribute, so using it directly inside  
the GetEntry method is not a problem.

>     def GetEntry(self, des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp):
>         """Entry routine for one field"""
>
>         line = Entryline(des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp,  
> master=root)
>         error = line.mainloop()

*Never* call mainloop twice in an application! This is not the way to go.  
If you want to do a modal dialog, you have to use the wait_window method,  
which waits for a given window to be closed.

>         self.Amount = line.retstring
>         line.destroy()
>
>     def say_bye(self):
>         print 'Have a nice day, Bye!'
>         self.quit()
>
>     def createWidgets(self):
>
>         self.descr = Label(self)
>         self.descr["text"] = self.Company
>         self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
>         self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
>         self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})

This can be written:

self.descr.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)

which is shorter and IMHO clearer. TOP and BOTH are constants defined in  
the Tkinter module, and passing named arguments is exactly the same as  
passing a dictionary.

>         Start = Button(self)
>         Start["text"] = "Start a new entry"
>         Start["fg"]   = "blue"
>         Start['bg']   = 'green'
>         Start["command"] =  self.start_new

Again, replace the 5 last lines with:

Start = Button(self, text="Start a new entry", fg='blue', bg='green',  
command=self.start_new)

>         Start.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left",  
> 'after':
> self.descr})

(see above)

>         QUIT = Button(self)
>         QUIT["text"] = "QUIT"
>         QUIT["fg"]   = "black"
>         QUIT['bg']   = 'red'
>         QUIT["command"] =  self.say_bye
>         QUIT.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left",  
> 'after':
> Start})

(see above)

>     def __init__(self, master=None):
>         Frame.__init__(self, master)
>         self.pack()
>         self.createWidgets()
>
> class Showscreen(Frame):
>     """This is supposed to show the entries as they occur."""
>
>     def CreateWidgets(self, Description):
>
>         self.descr = Label(self)
>         self.descr["text"] = Description
>         self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
>         self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
>         self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side": "top",  
> "anchor":
> "n"})

(see above)

>     def __init__(self, Description, master=None):
>         Frame.__init__(self,master)
>         self.pack()
>         self.CreateWidgets(Description)
>
> class Entryline(Frame):
>     """This asks for an entry from the user and displays the result"""
>
>     retstring = ''
>
>     def entryend(self,S):
>         """This gets done on carriage return and is where the hassles
> originate"""
>
>         self.retstring = self.estring.get() # get the entered string

You're using retstring both as a class attribute (in "retstring = ''"  
above) and here as an instance attribute. This is not really wrong, but a  
bit weird. If you want retstring to be a class attribute, you should  
access it using Entryline.retstring (and not self.retstring); If you want  
it to be an instance attribute, you should remove the line "retstring =  
''" above and add a line:

self.retstring = ''

in the constructor below.

>
>         self.disp.Amount_des = Label(self.disp)       # and put it into  
> the
> display window
>         self.disp.Amount_des["text"] = self.dis_string
>         self.disp.Amount_des["fg"] = 'purple'
>         self.disp.Amount_des['bg'] = 'yellow'
>         self.disp.Amount_des.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side":
> "left"})

(see above)

>         self.disp.Amount = Label(self.disp)
>         self.disp.Amount["text"] = self.retstring
>         self.disp.Amount["fg"] = 'blue'
>         self.disp.Amount['bg'] = 'green'
>         self.disp.Amount.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "after":
> self.disp.Amount_des})

(see above)

>         self.quit()                         # That's it, folks
>
>     def createWidgets(self, des_string, req_string):
>         """makes the stuff to ask the question"""
>
>         descr = Label(self)
>         descr["text"] = des_string
>         descr["fg"] = 'purple'
>         descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
>         descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})

(see above)

>         req = Label(self)
>         req ["text"] = req_string
>         req ["fg"] = 'yellow'
>         req ['bg'] = 'blue'
>         req.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side" :"top",'after':
> descr})

(see above)

>         self.estring = Entry(self)
>         self.estring['fg'] = 'black'
>         self.estring['bg'] = 'white'
>         self.estring.pack({'expand':'yes','fill': 'both', 'side': 'top',
> 'after': req})
>         self.estring.bind('<Key-Return>', self.entryend)
>         self.estring.focus_set()
>
>     def __init__(self, des_stringP, req_stringP, dis_stringP, dispP,  
> master):
>
>         self.disp = dispP       # keep the passed params in instance vars
>         self.des_string = des_stringP
>         self.req_string = req_stringP
>         self.dis_string = dis_stringP

AFAICS, these attributes are never used. Why did you create them?

>         Frame.__init__(self, master)
>         self.pack()
>         self.createWidgets(self.des_string, self.req_string)
>
> root = Tk()
> root.title('Accounting Entry Window')
> app = Entryscreen(master=root)
> app.mainloop()
> root.destroy()

HTH
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From jaywgraves at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 11:38:57 2006
From: jaywgraves at gmail.com (jay graves)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 08:38:57 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154101136.965513.50790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> compiling my files.

I think you are using PIL but I don't know what version.

Check out this page.
http://effbot.org/zone/image-histogram-optimization.htm

HTH...
jay



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Tue Jul 18 08:46:26 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 07:46:26 -0500
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <7xodvnyvy8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xodvnyvy8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44BCD822.9060700@tim.thechases.com>

> "arsl89" <arsl89 at yahoo.com> writes:
>> hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
>> plz snd me the backup of python
> 
> Me too. </aol>

LOL.  U r0x0rz!  cheCk ot tHiz sekret w4rez s1te!!

http://www.python.org/download/

yul find ur "backup" of python hear.  iF ur 133t nuf, u can 
axcessorz all teh bakup at

svn co http://svn.python.org/projects/python/trunk python-svn

all ur bakupzors are belong 2 us!!!!

-tkc
[ouch...my head hurtzors now...]






From bayazee at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 07:16:46 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 04:16:46 -0700
Subject: Embedding exe file
In-Reply-To: <44bab312$0$857$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
References: <1153069012.619772.325170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bab312$0$857$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <1153135006.269630.268450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hi,ThanX
but i dont want to save the exe file in temp file and run it . i want
to run it directly from python . maybe such this :
exec("file("test.exe","rw").read())")
i want write a cd lock with python tp protect an binary file . and so i
dont want save it in other temp file fom max security ....

-----------------------------------------------------
Iranian python community --> www.python.ir



From barrynyc at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 08:56:41 2006
From: barrynyc at gmail.com (Barry)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:56:41 -0400
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <759fdc8f0607280556y64d5d05ased75e7fbe91e83f@mail.gmail.com>

On 28 Jul 2006 05:45:05 -0700, abcd <codecraig at gmail.com> wrote:
> I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'
>
> when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*') ...I get
>
> sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
>
> do i need to escape something else?  i see that i have matching
> parenthesis.
>
> thx
>
> --

Try making the argument a raw string:
re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*')


From kylotan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 06:57:10 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:57:10 -0700
Subject: Execute Commands on Remote Computers over Network
In-Reply-To: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

dylpkls91 wrote:
> I have been researching this topic and come up with some code to make
> it work. It uses SSL and requires the 3rd party package Paramiko (which
> requires PyCrypto). However, at this moment I have no network to test
> the code on! Trying to connect to localhost (127.0.0.1) fails.

Where is the code that is supposed to receive this connection? There
has to be something running on the target PC to accept incoming
commands. Paramiko appears to use SSH, which (as far as I know)
connects to a computer running an sshd program or equivalent and
executes commands via that program. If there's no sshd running on the
target, you can't do anything.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From cdecarlo at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 07:14:12 2006
From: cdecarlo at gmail.com (cdecarlo)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:14:12 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
Message-ID: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I've often found that I am writing little scripts at the interpretor to
read a text file, perform some conversion, and then write the converted
data back out to a file. I normally accomplish the above task by
reading the lines of the entire file into a list, preforming some
function to that list and then writing the list back out. I want to
write a generic function/module that will free me from repeatedly
typing the same thing, perhaps convertFile(filename, covertFunc) and I
was wondering what would be a more optimal solution for writing the
data,

fout = open('somefile','w')
for line in convertedData:
  fout.write("%s\n" % line)
fout.close()

 -- or --

fout = open('somefile','w')
fout.write("%s" % '\n'.join(convertedData))
fout.close()

... or maybe some hybrid of the two which writes chunks of the
convertedData list out in one shot ...

An issue that I'm probably most concerned with is scalabitiy, what if
the file was huge, like some sort of log file. As well, I know from
'import this' that there should only be one obvious way to do something
... however to me it's not so obvious :(

Any suggestions,

Colin



From mirandacascade at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 00:16:37 2006
From: mirandacascade at yahoo.com (mirandacascade at yahoo.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 21:16:37 -0700
Subject: win32com.client.Dispatch - understanding error messages
In-Reply-To: <Xns980485B442C07duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1153197180.261068.260410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980459C946F09duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1153223606.160437.95430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980485B442C07duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1153282597.478684.52170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Duncan Booth wrote:
> Are you really sure that the browser isn't making guesses about what you
> meant and correcting the error for you? Does what remains in the address
> bar when the page is retrieved really match *exactly* what you copied and
> pasted?

Thank you for that pointer.  The answer is: no, it does not match
exactly.  The browser did indeed, as you surmised, make a guess and
correct the error.  The browser added 'http://' to the beginning.  When
'http://' gets added to the beginning of the url parameter, all is well.



From skodela at lithium.com  Tue Jul 11 19:30:33 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 23:30:33 +0000
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b42150_4@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>


> kr = string.strip(os.popen('make kernelrelease').read())

If make is being executed, I presume that the python script has rw 
access to the location. How about

x=os.system("make kernelrelease > my_report 2>&1 ")
kr=open("my_report").read()


Just a blind throw.

Good luck
sree


From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Fri Jul 14 13:17:23 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 10:17:23 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152890972.511862.231590@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
	<1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97nst$a45id$4@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152890972.511862.231590@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152897443.675121.58750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Marshall wrote:
> Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> >
> > And note that even with second-class state you can still have aliasing
> > issues - you just need mutable arrays and pass around indices. Keys in
> > databases are a more general form of the same problem.
>
> So for array a, you would claim that "a[5]" is an alias for
> (a part of) "a"? That seems to stretch the idea of aliasing
> to me.

Not at all, I'd say. In my book, aliasing occurs whenever you have two
different "lvalues" that denote the same mutable cell. I think it would
be rather artificial to restrict the definition to lvalues that happen
to be variables or dereferenced pointers.

So of course, a[i] aliases a[j] when i=j, which in fact is a well-known
problem in some array or matrix routines (e.g. copying array slices
must always consider overlapping slices as special cases).

> > Uh, aliasing all over the place! Actually, I think that logic
> > programming, usually based on deep unification, brings by far the worst
> > incarnation of aliasing issues to the table.
>
> Hmmm. Can you elaborate just a bit?

Logic variables immediately become aliases when you unify them.
Afterwards, after you bind one, you also bind the other - or fail,
because both got already bound the other way round. Unfortunately,
unification also is a deep operation, that is, aliasing can be induced
into variables deeply nested into some terms that happen to get
unified, possibly without you being aware of any of this (the
unification, nor the variable containment). To avoid accidental
aliasing you essentially must keep track of all potential unifications
performed by any given predicate (including transitively, by its
subgoals), which totally runs square to all concerns of modularity and
abstraction.

I've never been much of a logic programmer myself, but our language
group has a dedicated LP and CP background, and people here have
developed very strong opinions about the adequateness of unrestricted
logic variables and particularly unification in practice. I remember
somebody calling Prolog "the worst imperative language ever invented".

- Andreas



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 04:03:32 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:03:32 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055955.062530.158590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154070349.375519.109190@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154073812.760913.198400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> Chaos wrote:
> > Simon Forman wrote:
> > > Chaos wrote:
> > > > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> > > >
> > > >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> > > >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> > > >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> > > >
> > > > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> > > >
> > > > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> > > >
> > > > I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> > > > compiling my files.
> > >
> > > You could try the PIL package.
> > >
> > > >From the docs at
> > > http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm
> > >
> > > Image.eval(function, image) => image
> > >
> > > Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in
> > > the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function
> > > is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for
> > > each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other
> > > generators.
> > >
> > > HTH,
> > > ~Simon
> >
> > I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no
> > success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only
> > called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255.
>
> It says "the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value",
> so if it's only calling the function 250 or 255 times it's because your
> image only has 250 or 255 colors.
>
> Obviously Image.eval() caches the results of your function for each
> color/pixel-value and reuses them rather than recomputing them.
>
> I take it that whatever you're doing to those pixels involves more
> information than just the pixel values?  What are you doing to the
> pixels? That's probably wher you should look to improve the speed of
> the loop.
>
> Peace,
> ~Simon

Oops, sorry.  I didn't see where you had already posted the actions
you're taking on the pixels..

He is the code #Actions here

myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
if myCol < darkestCol:
   darkestCol = myCol
   possX = thisX
   possY = thisY

Hmm,  if you're just trying to find the darkest color and one of it's
pixel coordinates after applying your weighting calculation, and you
don't mind if the coordinates are of the first encountered pixel of
that color, then I think you might be able to use Image.eval() after
all.

What format are the images in?


Peace,
~Simon



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 24 16:59:59 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 22:59:59 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com a ?crit :
>>>First case is a little shorter but then you have to use a parser for it
>>
>>There's one builtin.
> 
> 
> do you mean 'configparser'? 

Yes.

> I'm just trying to figure out how this
> works. 

One nice thing with Python is the interactive python shell. It makes 
exploring a package a breeze.

> Does it generate objects from the config file automatically?

It generates a representation of the config file as a Python object 
composed of sections and options. The documentation should get you started.



From nnorwitz at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 01:45:23 2006
From: nnorwitz at gmail.com (nnorwitz at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 22:45:23 -0700
Subject: Compiling Python using the Portland Group compiler
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8074.1152714402.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8074.1152714402.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152942323.893298.179380@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Konrad Hinsen wrote:
> I am trying to install Python 2.4.3 on an AMD Opteron system using
> the Portland Group's compiler (pgcc). Using
>
> I finally managed to obtain an executable that would start and work,
> but it fails a couple of test cases:
...
> Has anyone encountered such failures before? Does anyone have useful
> suggestions for analyzing them?

Try adding -Kieee to the compiler options. Python's complex math
requires strict IEEE conformance.

You'll have to debug the crash further.

n



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 07:30:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:30:30 +0200
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <44CDE781.7000509@zaret.com>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<44cddf25$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44CDE781.7000509@zaret.com>
Message-ID: <44cde9d6$0$17889$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

David Zaret wrote:
> thanks for the many responses.
> 
> i have zero control over the dict.  in practice, i'm using turbogears
> which is "automatically" populating the result dict with zero-to-many
> choices from a generated list of HTML checkboxes.  the user can select
> none, one, or many, and submit.  cherrypy packs the **kwargs arg full of
> the selection, as i described in my op.

Are you sure you get mydict[mykey]==None if the user doesn't check any
of the checkboxes ? According to html specs, the form's dataset
shouldn't  have the key at all in this case.

> using a try/exception case to switch between append and extend will not
> work.  

Nope.

> the scalar, coming back as a string, can certainly be iterated
> and i'll end up with a bunch of characters in my list.

Yes.

> i like what's posted below 

Thanks - and BTW, please, don't top-post...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From pipehappy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 06:10:43 2006
From: pipehappy at gmail.com (pipehappy)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 03:10:43 -0700
Subject: How to use images at the bachground?
In-Reply-To: <1152606221.887206.247780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152606221.887206.247780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152612643.606986.197780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

> hi all,
> how to get out of the python shell which is executing a command?
> how to use images in the background of a page in Tkinter?

on Unix, ctrl-c or ctrl-d may do the job.
on Windows, ctrl-z will do



From not at valid.com  Tue Jul 25 18:45:51 2006
From: not at valid.com (squid)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 00:45:51 +0200
Subject: xmlrpclib and methods declared at runtime
Message-ID: <535dc250ifvp3pokupb44e0nj3o4erbvil@4ax.com>

First off, I'm a python neophyte, but I'm fairly experienced with
Java, C and PHP.

I've been trying to use the xmlrpclib to perform remote calls against
a service, and it works nicely. However, due to my lack of
python-knowledge, I'm rather puzzled at the way the class works.

Specifically, suppose I have something like this snippet of code:

from xmlrpclib import ServerProxy

client = ServerProxy('http://some_service')

client.system.listMethods()			#not declared in class
client.MyService.SomeOperation()	#not declared in class
client.MyService.DoStuff()			#not declared in class


Coming from mostly a java background, this is kind of freaky ;) How is
is the ServerProxy implementation doing this? That is, creating, or
perhaps binding is a better term, these additional functions at
runtime?

Based on having read the python tutorial and remembering the list of
built-in functions, my guess would have been calling setattr in the
constructor or after doing a listMethods operation against the XML-RPC
server.. That is, assuming the XML-RPC service supports this api..
something like that.. But that does not seem to be the case here, as a
search of xmlrpclib.py does not show ANY instances of setattr being
used. I did, however, notice some cases of classes implementing a
__getattr__ method, which leads me to the question of how the
interpreter performs lookup of methods when they are called. Does it
use getattr itself? Is it possible to, say, effectively override
getattr for a specific class, thereby returning a pointer to a generic
function that could be used to handle... well.. everything?

Regardless, if someone could explain this to me, or point me in the
direction of reading material, I'd be most grateful. I tried some
googling on stuff like "python reflection" but didn't come up with
anything that looked like this, and being a python neophyte I'm not
that up to speed on my code-comprehension yet, so trying to figure it
out on my own by reading the xmlrpclib.py would take aeons :) Since I
don't have any trouble using the lib, it's ok, but I like
understanding how stuff works, and this seems like a useful technique.



Regards,
squid.


From jon.stephan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 11:45:34 2006
From: jon.stephan at gmail.com (JonS)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 08:45:34 -0700
Subject: Question regarding commit/backout of a message using the pymqi
	module
In-Reply-To: <129jjq06n1ddh46@corp.supernews.com>
References: <129jjq06n1ddh46@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153410334.615766.94790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Andrew Robert wrote:
> Hi everyone,
>
> Could someone help explain what I am doing wrong in
> this code block?
>
> This code block is an excerpt from a larger file that receives
> transmitted files via IBM WebSphere MQSeries an drops it to the local
> file system.
>
> Transmission of the file works as designed but it has a flaw.
>
> If the file cannot be created for whatever reason, the transmitted
> message is lost.
>
> What I am trying to do is ensure that a file transmit is considered
> successful only after the created file's checksum matches.
>
> If not, the code should treat it as an error and roll back the message
> to MQSeries without a commit.
>
> The basis for this should be around the pymqi.QueueManager class which
> is named mq in the block listed below.
>
> pymqi.MQMIError: MQI Error. Comp: 1, Reason 2121: WARNING:
> MQRC_NO_EXTERNAL_PARTICIPANTS
> Do you have any idea why this might be occurring?
>
> 	Connect to queue manager
> 	"""
>         try:
> 	    self.qm = mq.QueueManager(options.qmanager.upper() )
> 	    self.qm.begin()
> 	except mq.PYIFError, err:
>             mqevlog.event("error",err)
> 	    sys.exit(1)
>
> 	queue = mq.Queue(self.qm, self.queue_name)
>         pmo = mq.pmo(Options = CMQC.MQPMO_SYNCPOINT)
>         md = mq.md()
> Any help/insight you can provide on this would be greatly appreciated.
(edited)

Andrew
Don't know if you still need help with the above. I am new to Python
and was searching for MQ interfaces with Python and found your
question. Having some coding (C) experience with MQ Series it appears
that you are performing a local unit of work coodinated by the Queue
Manager only. In this scenario you do not specify the mqbegin as it
implies an external resource manager will be involved. Under your PMOs
you have specified the messages are to be extracted under syncpoint
control which is all you need. The messages should be remain in the
queue if there is an mqback call or the application ends without a
disconnect. In my experience while the messages are preserved in the
queue any partial file write to the OS will be left after the backout
(in the case of space issues). Your code will have to do the
housekeeping. 

best regards,
-JonS



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 28 11:58:24 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:58:24 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Ben Sizer wrote:
(snip)
> Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
> own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
> on it. 

This is becoming less and less of a "luxury" - the cost of dedicated web
servers is really dropping at eyesight.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sat Jul  1 15:52:54 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 05:52:54 +1000
Subject: building/installing python libs/modules...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7693.1151782438.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7693.1151782438.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a6d294@news.eftel.com>

On 2/07/2006 5:37 AM, bruce wrote:
> paul,
> 
> thanks for the replies to my issues!!! much appreciation.
> 
> i've got the python app:
> http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/downloads/libxml2dom-0.3.3.tar.gz
> 
> and i've downloaded it, an untarred it...
> i have the dir structure, but i don't know what needs to be done now!!! i
> have a setup.py. does it get run?
> 
> the Readme file didn't tell me how to build the app....
> 

http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/libxml2dom.html

(see section headed "Installation" at the bottom of the page)



From peter.mosley at talk21.com  Fri Jul 21 03:44:34 2006
From: peter.mosley at talk21.com (peter)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 00:44:34 -0700
Subject: How to use pdb?
References: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153467874.837952.208020@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I haven't tried to use pdb myself, but this looks fairly helpful ...

http://www.ferg.org/papers/debugging_in_python.html

good luck

Peter



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 05:23:18 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:23:18 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Carl Banks wrote:
> Patrick Maupin wrote:
> 
>>PTY wrote:
>>
>>
>>>It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
>>>is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
>>>I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
>>>use len() or not.
>>
>>It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:
>>
>>- For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>>      sequences are false.
>>
>>      Yes: if not seq:
>>           if seq:
>>
>>      No: if len(seq)
>>          if not len(seq)
>>
>>The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
>>scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
>>decision of the language.
> 
> 
> That might have made sense when Python and string, list, tuple were the
> only sequence types around.
> 
> Nowadays, Python has all kinds of spiffy types like numpy arrays,
> interators, generators,
> etc., for which "empty sequence is false" just
> doesn't make sense.  

Iterators and generators are *not* sequences types. wrt/ non-builtin
container types, I suggest you re-read section 3.3.1 of the language
references:

"""
__nonzero__(  	self)
Called to implement truth value testing, and the built-in operation
bool(); should return False or True, or their integer equivalents 0 or
1. When this method is not defined, __len__() is called, if it is
defined (see below). If a class defines neither __len__() nor
__nonzero__(), all its instances are considered true.
"""
http://docs.python.org/ref/customization.html


> If Python had been designed with these types in
> mind, I'm not sure "empty list is false" would have been part of the
> language, let alone recommend practice.

FWIW, this magic method already existed in 1.5.2 :
http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/ref/customization.html


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 11 11:10:23 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:10:23 +0000
Subject: syslog best practices -- when to call closelog?
References: <1152568999.765845.150940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <vjrco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1152568999.765845.150940 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
J Rice <rice.jeffrey at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>I have a question:
>
>When should syslog.closelog() be called?  I have a daemon that spends
>most of its time asleep and quiet, but writes messages to the mail log
>when active.  Should I open the log at the start and keep it open until
>the program closes?  This seems much simpler than issuing three
>commands everytime I want to write to the log.
>
>The program will essentially be running constantly.  Is having the log
>constantly "open" a problem?  What happens if the program crashes or is
>killed without a closelog()?  
>
>Jeff
>

In your terms, it's entirely safe to leave open the handle to syslog.
The operating system takes responsibility for cleanup on shutdown of
your application.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 25 01:58:23 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 22:58:23 -0700
Subject: Help in string.digits functions
In-Reply-To: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153807103.256166.327400@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Anoop wrote:
> Hi All
>
> I am getting two different outputs when i do an operation using
> string.digits and test.isdigit(). Is there any difference between the
> two.

Your first sentence appears to answer that ..but yes, there's quite a
difference. Have you read the manual?

> I have given the sample program and the output
>

There is a much better way to try out very small snippets of code than
putting them in a script: use the Python interactive prompt.

>>> import string
>>> string.digits
'0123456789'
>>> '0' in string.digits
True
>>> '9' in string.digits
True
>>> '90' in string.digits
False
>>> '90' in string.digits
False
>>> '123' in string.digits
True
>>> 'oo' in 'Anoop'
True
>>> '' in 'Anoop'
True
>>>

Manual:
"""
For the Unicode and string types, x in y is true if and only if x is a
substring of y. An equivalent test is y.find(x) != -1. Note, x and y
need not be the same type; consequently, u'ab' in 'abc' will return
True. Empty strings are always considered to be a substring of any
other string, so "" in "abc" will return True. Changed in version 2.3:
Previously, x was required to be a string of length 1.
"""

>>> '12345'.isdigit()
True
>>> ''.isdigit()
False
>>> 'xyz'.isdigit()
False
>>> '123xyz'.isdigit()
False
>>> '123 '.isdigit()
False
>>> ' 123'.isdigit()
False

Manual:
"""
isdigit( )
Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there is at
least one character, false otherwise. 
"""

HTH,
John



From akameswaran at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:40:28 2006
From: akameswaran at gmail.com (akameswaran at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:40:28 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


D wrote:
> Hi, I currently have a Python app with a Tkinter GUI frontend that I
> use for system administration.  Everytime it launches, it reads a text
> file which contains info about each host I wish to monitor - each field
> (such as IP, hostname, etc.) is delimited by !!.  Now, I want to be
> able to edit host information from within the GUI - what would  be the
> best way to go about this?  Basically I just need to either edit the
> original host line, or write a new host line and delete the
> original..thanks!

Might be overkill - but pickle the  data memeber that contains the
information.  If you use text instead of binary pickling it should
still be editable by hand.  for a single line of text it may be a bit
much - but it's still probably quicker than opening a file, parsing
etc.



From skip at pobox.com  Fri Jul  7 13:00:04 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 12:00:04 -0500
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <e8m1ee$rn6$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.7868.1152205602.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ZIidnWw9_NfVSzDZnZ2dnUVZ_tidnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<17582.34608.624122.788465@montanaro.dyndns.org>
	<e8m1ee$rn6$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <17582.37652.39052.360094@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    >> As someone else noted though, a five-second delay for such a small
    >> example doesn't seem to be an XML-RPC problem.  A simple round-trip
    >> to my XML-RPC server running on the localhost takes about 5
    >> *milli*seconds.

    Fredrik> even if the service you're connecting is waiting 5 seconds
    Fredrik> before it sends the response ? ;-)

Well, yeah I suppose that might have an effect. ;-) I saw your earlier
response about a minute after I responded...

Skip


From shejo284 at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 10:29:31 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 07:29:31 -0700
Subject: concatenate Numeric
Message-ID: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am trying to build a large array using concatenate function in
python.
So as I loop over the number of arrays, of which there are 12 (4 down
and 3 across), I create 3 long arrays by concatenating them at the
bottom and then concatenating them side by side:
for ind in range(num_arrays):
            if ind == 0:
                bias_down1 = array(bias)
                ppslon1    = array(ppslon)

                ppslat1    = array(ppslat)

             elif ind > 0 and <= 3:
                bias_down1 = concatenate((bias_down1,bias),0)

                ppslon1    = concatenate((ppslon1,ppslon),0)

                ppslat1    = concatenate((ppslat1,ppslat),0)
            elif ind == 4:
                bias_down2 = array(bias)
                ppslon2    = array(ppslon)
                ppslat2    = array(ppslat)
            elif ind > 4 and ind <= 7:
                bias_down2 = concatenate((bias_down2,bias),0)

                ppslon2    = concatenate((ppslon2,ppslon),0)

                ppslat2    = concatenate((ppslat2,ppslat),0)

            elif ind == 8:
                bias_down3 = array(bias)

                ppslon3    = array(ppslon)

                ppslat3    = array(ppslat)

            elif ind > 8:
                bias_down3 = concatenate((bias_down3,bias),0)
                ppslon3    = concatenate((ppslon3,ppslon),0)
                ppslat3    = concatenate((ppslat3,ppslat),0)

bias_a   = concatenate((bias_down1,bias_down2),1) # joining the arrays
side by side
bias_all = concatenate((bias_a,bias_down3),1)

ppslat_a   = concatenate((ppslat1,ppslat2),1)
ppslat_all = concatenate((ppslat_a,ppslat3),1)

ppslon_a   = concatenate((ppslon1,ppslon2),1)
ppslon_all = concatenate((ppslon_a,ppslon3),1)

print 'Max lat', max(max(ppslat_all)), '\t','Min lat',
min(min(ppslat_all))
print 'Max lon', max(max(ppslon_all)), '\t','Min lon',
min(min(ppslon_all))

*****************
Now this works, the array size is correct but the longitude values
given for max and min are wrong. What is even stranger to me is that
when I write the array in binary format to a file and read it with
Matlab, the max and min are correct but when I read it back with python
the max and min are again incorrect for only the longitude data. I
saved the max and min for the longitude for each array and then check
it in the python program and they are correct at the end but the
max(max(ppslon)) values is incorrect.  Does anyone knows why this is
so?
If I was doing something wrong then Matlab would not have returned
correct values.

Any help is appreciated!

/Sheldon



From wollez at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 08:01:03 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 14:01:03 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>
Message-ID: <e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>


> 
> First, avoid "from function import *" as it pollutes your namespace.  Either
> import specific symbols or just the module:
> 
>     from function import fun, fun1
>     import function

thanks for the hint! But what is the difference between
from module import *
	and
import module
?

> 
> Second, if you really must, add an __all__ list to function.py, generally
> right at the top:
> 
>     __all__ = ['fun', 'fun1']

I've read this already, but to keep the example short I've skipped that 
part.

> 
> (Note that __all__ is a list of strings.)  The "from star" import will only
> import the names in the __all__ list.  You can also "hide" individual names
> from a "from star" import by prefixing them with a single underscore (e.g.,
> "_c1" instead of "c1").
> 

the _ before the variable did the trick! Thanks a lot!

> Third, one of Python's key concepts is "we're all adults here".  You can't
> really and truly hide c1 and c2, so just act responsibly and don't mess with
> them from outside the function module.

It is more to prevent myself from my own stupidness by changing global 
variables incidentally.

Wolfgang



From reedobrien at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 22:52:55 2006
From: reedobrien at gmail.com (reed)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 19:52:55 -0700
Subject: fetching a POST webpage...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7880.1152237691.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7880.1152237691.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152240775.086232.299690@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i have the basic code to fetcha url/web page. however, i'm trying to fetch a
> page that uses a FORM/POST. has anyone done this, i've tried a few times
> without success.
>
> i've analyzed the data stream using Firefox/Livehttpheaders to get the HTTP
> stream.. but i'm doing something wrong, and can't quite see what the
> err/issue is...
>
> if you've done this kind of thing, and you have some thoughts, let me know.
> i can send you the output of the livehttpheaders app, and the test code that
> i have...
>
> thanks..
>
> -bruce

If you read the page and parse the form or already know the values you
need to POST this may help.

>From http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/httplib-examples.html

Here is an example session that shows how to "POST" requests:

>>> import httplib, urllib
>>> params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
>>> headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
...            "Accept": "text/plain"}
>>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("musi-cal.mojam.com:80")
>>> conn.request("POST", "/cgi-bin/query", params, headers)
>>> response = conn.getresponse()
>>> print response.status, response.reason
200 OK
>>> data = response.read()
>>> conn.close()



From gdamjan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 20:45:45 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 02:45:45 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

> A few months ago I had to choose between RoR and a Python framework
> (TurboGears in that case). I picked TurboGears because of the language
> maturity and all the third party libs. i.e. I can do PDF reporting with
> reportLab, control OpenOffice with Python..

This is a good argument, you should make a list of all the greatest python
libraries that you could use for your projects, for ex. reportlab, PIL,
doctools, elementtree, sqlalchemy etc etc and try to "sell" that.

BTW I'd choose TurboGears for it's flexibility, but I guess Django could be
nice when more rapid results are needed (and the problem doesn't fall too
far from the Django sweet spot).

>> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."

This is a hard attitude, but I have the same feeling about Ruby, I like
Python and just don't see a reason to invest any time in Ruby (Rails or
not).. and from that little I've seen from it.. I didn't like it. 
OTOH Ruby surelly is not that bad either.

-- 
damjan


From grante at visi.com  Sun Jul 30 22:55:50 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 02:55:50 -0000
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-31, John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:

>> but if you
>> wish ==>
>>
>> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made by
>> epson
>
> 1. You still haven't *NAMED* the CPU and the compiler!!

He obviously doesn't want to have to kill all of us.

> 2. Do you mean ARM as in "Acorn/Advanced RISC Machines"??

That's the only "arm" processor I know about.

> They make 8-bit CPUs????

Nope.

> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
> that is your input??????


-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Yow! Maybe I should
                                  at               have asked for my Neutron
                               visi.com            Bomb in PAISLEY--


From stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 07:20:23 2006
From: stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk (meridian)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:20:23 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> def doIt(name=None):
>   global gname
>   if name is None:
>     name = gname
>   else:
>     gname = name
> 

Thanks Bruno, works a treat...



From jacksond at dickinson.edu  Wed Jul  5 16:41:30 2006
From: jacksond at dickinson.edu (David Jackson)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 16:41:30 -0400
Subject: import
Message-ID: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>

Hi all,

I'm a real beginner with python but have what I think is a simple question. 
I am writing some simple modules and would like to place them into a 
subdirectory.  But then I cannot seem to import them.  I have tried the 
following.

I wrote a module called fibo.py with some definitions in it (one called 
fibo).  In the same directory, I wrote another file (test.py) and began with 
import fibo.  This worked fine and I was able to use the function fibo as 
fibo.fibo.  Then, I made a directory called test and placed the file fibo.py 
in this directory.  I also placed a blank file called _init_.py into this 
directory.  I went back to the original directory and tried to import 
test.fibo but this fails.  I get the following error message:

Traceback (innermost last)
  File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
    import test.fibo
  File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
    import test.fibo
ImportError: No module named fibo

Any help would be greatly appreciated.  If it makes any difference, I'm 
working on a Mac, OSX 10.3.9

Thanks,
David 




From spamspam at spam.eggs  Mon Jul 17 17:42:24 2006
From: spamspam at spam.eggs (Ben C)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:42:24 GMT
Subject: solving equation system
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn4ni.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>
	<1153145969.854053.55870@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebo11n.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>

On 2006-07-17, TG <girodt at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Ben C wrote:
>> On 2006-07-17, TG <girodt at gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Hi there.
>> >
>> > Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>> >
>> > * A is an array of shape (n,)
>> > * X is a positive float number
>> > * B is an array of shape (n,)
>> > * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
>> >
>> > A.X - B = O
>> > min(X)
>>
>> Are we solving for A, B or X?  And what do you mean by min(X)?
>>
>> If we're solving for X there will be many combinations of A and B for
>> which there is no solution.
>
> Sorry for the poor explanation. I'm trying to put it clear now.
>
> i've got A and B. I'm looking for X. I made a mistake in my equation
>:-/
>
> It's more like :
>
> A.X - B >= O

How about this:

from random import *

def solve(A, B):
	return reduce(max, (float(b) / a for a, b in zip(A, B)))

def test():
	A = [random() for i in range(4)]
	B = [random() for i in range(4)]

	x = solve(A, B)

	for a, b in zip(A, B):
		print a, b, a * x - b

test()

This only works if all elements of both A and B are positive.

> Well, maybe it will be much more simple if I explain the underlying
> problem :
>
> I have an array of N dimensions (generally 2).
> - A first calculation gives me a set of integer coordinates inside this
> array, which I will call the point W.

Is this an array of points, or an array of values, that contains only
one point?

> - After several other calculations, I've got a set of coordinates in
> this N dimensional space that are floating values, and not bound to the
> limits of my original N-array. This is the point L.
>
> What I want to do is to translate the point L along the vector LW

Do you mean the vector L - W? (LW is a scalar, assuming dot product).

> in order to get a point L' which coordinates are inside the original
> N-dimensional array. Then it will be easy to get the closest integer
> coordinates from L'.

> I'm not sure this is clear ... pretty hard to talk about maths in
> english.

Not very clear to me I'm afraid!


From spamspam at spam.eggs  Sun Jul 16 03:08:32 2006
From: spamspam at spam.eggs (Ben C)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 07:08:32 GMT
Subject: Configuring IDLE on Linux
References: <mailman.8151.1152847615.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<KxEtg.8284$cd3.7423@newsread3.news.pas.earthlink.net>
Message-ID: <slrnebjpf8.s8j.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>

On 2006-07-14, Adonis <adonis at DELETETHISTEXTearthlink.net> wrote:
> Satya Kiran wrote:
>> Hello,
>> I have upgraded to Python2.4 on my Red Hat 9.0 Linux box.
>> I want to work with IDLE and ran a search to check it's presence.
>> Here is what I get.
>> 
>> [root at localhost bin]# find / -iname idlelib
>> /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
>> 
>> [root at localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
>> [root at localhost idlelib]# python PyShell.py
>> ** IDLE can't import Tkinter.  Your Python may not be configured for Tk. **
>> 
>> How do I resolve this and get IDLE working?
>> 
>> thanks in advance,
>> Kiran Satya
>
> You must have the Tk libraries present in your system for Python to 
> compile Tkinter. Go to your distribution's site and try to see if they 
> offer a TCL/TK package and install it (being that it is Redhat they most 
> definitely must have one). Then recompile Python.

This is exactly right, on a SUSE system (at least) it's the tk-devel and
tcl-devel packages you need to have installed, because you're building
Python and it needs to link against those things, not just use them. So
although tcl/tk on its own it usually installed by default, you don't
always get those -devel packages in a default setup.


From ask at me  Fri Jul 14 06:39:46 2006
From: ask at me (alf)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 06:39:46 -0400
Subject: attaching debugger to runinng python program
In-Reply-To: <1152853351.290092.227430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152853351.290092.227430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <B5WdnZKhYbv-HCrZnZ2dnUVZ_r-dnZ2d@comcast.com>

Bill Pursell wrote:
> Now, in another shell,
> % gdb
> (gdb) attach 54321
>

Thx for the reply. But I wish to debug the python program, not python 
interpreter itself.


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 15:06:27 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 12:06:27 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8628.1154024472.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154023507.615198.110150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8628.1154024472.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154027187.097327.94470@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
[...]
> I actually do use pickle (not for this, but for other things), could you
> elaborate on the safety issue?

>From http://docs.python.org/lib/node63.html :

    Warning: The pickle module is not intended to be secure
    against erroneous or maliciously constructed data. Never
    unpickle data received from an untrusted or unauthenticated
    source.

A corrupted pickle can crash Python. An evil pickle could probably
hijack your process.


-- 
--Bryan



From jo at durchholz.org  Tue Jul 18 07:27:55 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:27:55 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9igt2$r0f$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> No. The variable is the table, not the records.

In your examples, yes.

 > Relations are not arrays.

They are, in all ways that matter for aliasing:
They are a collection of mutable data, accessible via selector values.

> Records are not lvalues.

Agreed, but they have identity. An lvalue is an identity that you can 
track in software; record identity is untrackable in standard SQL, but 
it's real enough to create aliasing problems.

> I would propose that variables have identity, and values do not.

What's a "variable", by that definition?
It can't be "something that has a name in a program", since that would 
exclude variables on the heap.
Another definition would be "something that may have a different value 
if I look at it sometime later", but then that would include SQL records 
as well. Besides, the temporal aspect is problematic, since it's unclear 
whether the "it" some time later is still the same as the "it" before 
(if you have a copying garbage collector, you'd have to somehow 
establish identity over time, and we're full circle back at defining 
identity).

Personally, I say "two things are identical / have the same identity", 
if they are (a) equal and (b) stay equal after changing just one of 
them. That's a nice local definition, and captures exactly those cases 
where aliasing is relevant in the first place (it's actually that 
"changing here also changes there" aspect that makes aliasing so dangerous).
It also covers SQL records. Well, they do have aliasing problems, or 
problems that are similar enough to them, so I'd say this is a 
surprising but actually interesting and useful result of having that 
definition.

> In part this is via the supplied definition of identity, in which, when
> you change one thing, if something else changes as well, they
> share identity. Since one cannot change values, they necessarily
> lack identity.

I agree that immutable values don't have identity (or, rather, that 
identity isn't an interesting concept for them since it's already 
subsumed under equality).

>> It's certainly not storage location:
>> if you DELETE a record and then INSERT it with the same values, it may
>> be allocated somewhere entirely else, and our intuition would say it's
>> not "the same" (i.e. not identical).
> 
> Well, it would depend on how our intuition had been primed. If it
> was via implementation techniques in low level languages, we
> might reach a different conclusion than if our intuition was primed
> via logical models and relation theory.

Sure.

However, since I'm interested in practical consequences for programming, 
I'm looking for definitions that allow me to capture those effects that 
create bugs.
In the case of identity, I'd say that's aliasing.

>> Since intuition gives me ambivalent results here, I'll go back to my
>> semiformal definition (and take the opportunity to make it a bit more
>> precise):
>> Two path expressions (lvalues, ...) are aliases if and only if the
>> referred-to values compare equal, and if they stay equal after applying
>> any operation to the referred-to value through either of the path
>> expressions.
> 
> Alas, this leaves me confused. I don't see how a path expression
> (in this case, SELECT ... WHERE) can be an l-value. You cannot
> apply imperative operations to the result.

It's not SELECT...WHERE..., it's WHERE... that's an lvalue.
And you can indeed use it with UPDATE, so yes it's an lvalue by my book. 
(A given WHERE clause may become invalid or refer to a different record 
after some updates, so it's not the kind of lvalue that you have in a C 
program.)

 > (Also I think the use
> of equality here is too narrow; it is only necessary to show that
> two things both change, not that they change in the same way.)

Sorry for using misleading terminology.
An "alias" is when two names refer to an identical object (both in real 
life and IMHO in programming), and that's what I wrote.
"Aliasing" is the kind of problems that you describe.

> I was under the impression you agred that "i+2" was not
> a "path expression".

Yes, but [i+2] is one.

In the same vein, "name = 'John'" is an expression, "WHERE name = 
'John'" is a path expression.

 > If our hypothetical language lacks record
> identity, then I would say that any query is simply an expression
> that returns a value, as in "i+2."

As long as the data is immutable, yes.
The question is how equality behaves under mutation.

>> On the other hand, variable addresses as tangible identities don't hold
>> much water anyway.
>> Imagine data that's written out to disk at program end, and read back
>> in. Further imagine that while the data is read into main memory,
>> there's a mechanism that redirects all further reads and writes to the
>> file into the read-in copy in memory, i.e. whenever any program changes
>> the data, all other programs see the change, too.
>> Alternatively, think about software agents that move from machine to
>> machine, carrying their data with them. They might be communicating with
>> each other, so they need some means of establishing identity
>> ("addressing") the memory buffers that they use for communication.
> 
> These are exactly why content-based addressing is so important.
> Location addressing depends on an address space, and this
> concept does not distribute well.

I think that's an overgeneralization. URLs have distributed well in the 
past.

>>  > I don't know what "new" would be in a value-semantics, relational
>>> world.
>> It would be INSERT.
>>
>> Um, my idea of "value semantics" is associated with immutable values.
>> SQL with INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE certainly doesn't match that definition.
> 
> Sorry, I was vague. Compare, in OOP, the difference between a value
> object and a "regular" object.

Yes, one if mutable, the other is not.
I'm not sure how that relates to SQL though.

>>>> Filters are just like array indexing: both select a subset of variables
>>>> from a collection.
>>> I can't agree with this wording. A filter produces a collection
>>> value from a collection value. I don't see how variables
>>> enter in to it.
>> A collection can consist of values or variables.
>>
>> And yes, I do think that WHERE is a selection over a bunch of variables
>> - you can update records after all, so they are variables! They don't
>> have a name, at least none which is guaranteed to be constant over their
>> lifetime, but they can be mutated!
> 
> We seem to have slipped back from the hypothetical relation language
> with only assignement back to SQL.

This all started with your claim that SQL does not have identities and 
aliasing problems, which grew out of a discussion of what identities and 
aliases and aliasing really are.
Hypothetical relation languages are interesting to illustrate fine 
points, but they don't help with that.

Anyway, if a hypothetical relational language is what you wish to 
discuss, let me return to an even more general model: I'm pretty sure 
that any language that has
a) collections
b) means of addressing individual items
c) means of changing individiual items
has aliasing problems, and that the indidual items have identity.

(Actually all programming languages with mutation and any kind of 
reference fit that description: the "collection" is the pool of 
variables, the "means of addressing" is the references, and "means of 
changing" is the mutation.)

>>  > One can filter either a collection constant or
>>> a collection variable; if one speaks of filtering a collection
>>> variable, on is really speaking of filtering the collection value
>>> that the variable currently contains; filtering is not an operation
>>> on the variable as such, the way the "address of" operator is.
>>> Note you can't update the result of a filter.
>> If that's your definition of a filter, then WHERE is not a filter,
>> simple as that.
> 
> Fair enough! Can you correct my definition of filter, though?

I can't. You were using the term "filter", and seemed to apply it to 
WHERE but assume something that didn't match WHERE.
I wasn't rejecting your definition but that you applied the term to 
something that didn't match it.

Oh, and personally, I'd say a filter is something that selects items 
from a collection, be collection or items mutable or not. But that's 
just my personal definition, and I'll be happy to stick with anything 
that's remotely reasonable ;-)

> Your English is extraordinary. I could easily conclude that you
> were born in Boston and educated at Harvard, and either have
> Germanic ancestry or have simply adopted a Germanic name
> out of whimsy. If English is not your native tongue, there is no
> way to detect it.

Thanks :-)

But, no, my last visit to an English-speaking country was decades ago. 
Attribute my English to far too much time in technical newsgroups, and 
far too much googling ;-)
I'm pretty sure that my oral English is much, much worse, and that I've 
got a heavy German accent. I'd just try to improve on that if I were to 
relocate to GB or the US (and maybe that's just what made the difference 
for my English: constant striving for improvement).

Regards,
Jo


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 07:29:09 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 13:29:09 +0200
Subject: Howto get the argument defaults of a function using an AST-object?
References: <1152012135.104067.180560@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8dje7$bo0$1@sea.gmane.org>

stefan at mayr-stefan.de wrote:

> I can only get a list with the arguments or the defaults. The following
> examples would return the same:
>
> def foo(x, y=True)
> def foo(x=True, y)

the latter is a syntax error.

> Anyone an idea?

the defaults array contains the defaults for the len(defaults) last arguments.

</F> 





From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 08:23:31 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 05:23:31 -0700
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk><uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
Message-ID: <1153225411.825261.94910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Brian Elmegaard wrote:
> for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
> ######### Can this be written better?
>     if a+c in l[-1]:
>         if l[-1][a+c]<x+e:
>             l[-1][a+c]=x+e
>     else:
>         l[-1][a+c]=x+e
> #########

I'd start with something like

for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
    keytotal  = a+c
    valtotal  = x+e
    last      = l[-1]
    if keytotal in last:
        if last[keytotal] < valtotal:
            last[keytotal] = valtotal
    else:
        last[keytotal] = valtotal

Could probably simplify that even more by using min(), but I don't know
what kind of data you are expecting....
last[keytotal] = min(last.get(keytotal), valtotal)
comes close to working - it would if you were doing max.


-- 
- Justin



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:54:21 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:54:21 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153598061.689492.15300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

fuzzylollipop wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> > > danielx wrote:
> > > > At first I was going to post the following:
> > > >
> > > > <!-- beginning of my original post -->
> > > >
> > > (snip)
> > > >
> > > > <!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->
> > > >
> > > > but then I tried this:
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >>>>res = Foo.__dict__['func']
> > > >>>>res is dan
> > > >
> > > > True
> > > >
> > > > And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
> > > > not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
> > > > a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!
> > > > This is still a little bit of magic,
> > >
> > > FWIW, the function class implements the descriptor protocol... Here's
> > > the "magic".
> > >
> > > > which gets me thinking again about
> > > > the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> > > > and unexpected in my case,
> > >
> > > "unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
> > > passed as first arg when doing method calls ?
> >
> > Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
> > motivated me to post.
> >
> > >
> > > > why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> > > > privates?
> > >
> > > What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
> > > restriction ?
> >
> > I knew someone would bring this up. The motivation would not be to
> > provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
> > for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
> > help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
> > side the stuff they should not?
> >
> > Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> > learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> > virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> > (I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> > interactive Python. This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
> > hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
> > when he really shouldn't.
> >
>
>
> if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
> WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!
>
> and it gets ommited from all the doc generation
>
> if you prefix with a double underscore, then they have to go even
> FARTHER out of their way to shoot themselves in the foot.
>
> Python takes the stance of "personal responsiblity" when it comes to
> access control. Which in NO WAY dimishes its "robustness" or anything
> else.
>
> just read the DailyWTF.com, incompentent people will abuse any language
> features in any language, and will figure out how to break programatic
> access control no matter how it is implemented. Matter of fact, Java
> which in another thread someone was ADAMANT that did not expose private
> anything from reflection ( and was wrong ) specifically allows you to
> access all the private members, functions, everything. You just need to
> tell it to turn all the "safeties" off.
>
> >From the api:
>
> public void setAccessible(boolean flag)
> throws SecurityException
>
> Set the accessible flag for this object to the indicated boolean value.
> A value of true indicates that the reflected object should suppress
> Java language access checking when it is used. A value of false
> indicates that the reflected object should enforce Java language access
> checks.
>
> Setting the accessible flag in a reflected object permits sophisticated
> applications with sufficient privilege, such as Java Object
> Serialization or other persistence mechanisms, to manipulate objects in
> a manner that would normally be prohibited.
>
> so anything added to Python to enforce "access control" would
> immediately be forced to provide some means to over-ride the checks for
> pickle and the like. Not to even mention the argument that it would
> break crap loads of existing code base.

Sigh. I TOTALLY realize that Python works by politeness and not
enforcement. I think you are misinterpreting why I think this would be
a good idea. My concern is not with control, but with convenience. My
suggestion was that privates would only be invisible if you use the dot
syntax (ie if you are an external user); they would not be invisible
altogether (they would still be in __dict__ with no name games).

One problem which was brought up about this was that self.meth and
outsider.meth would have to be interpretted differently. I suspect (but
I haven't finished my reading assignment :P) that you could find a good
way around this.

With respect to breaking stuff. I'm not sure why that would be
necessary. If current code does not say any member is private,
everything that was visible before (ie everything) would still be
visible after.

Last thing. You mentioned that auto doc generation omits
underscore-prefixed and name mangled members. dir on the other hand
does not. Maybe this suggests only a minor future improvement.



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 19 11:49:35 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:49:35 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323649.171612.74510@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153323649.171612.74510@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153324175.358568.294920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Iain, thanks - very helpful.

Really I'm trying to write a simulation program that goes through a
number of objects that are linked to one another and does calculations
at each object. The calculations might be backwards or fowards (i.e.
starting at the supply or demand ends of the system and then working
through the objects). And also, I might have multiple objects linked to
a single object (upstream or downstream) - e.g. compressor -- multiple
combusters - turbine

I like your idea of using something like a setStreams method to
establish the linking. The streams do reflect each other, although
having many-to-one and vice versa will complicate that. I have not
quite got my head around having multiple links. In C++ I would be
thinking about something like a linked-list but I'm not sure that's the
right approach here.

Dave



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 12:17:20 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 18:17:20 +0200
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <17582.34608.624122.788465@montanaro.dyndns.org>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<mailman.7868.1152205602.27775.python-list@python.org>	<ZIidnWw9_NfVSzDZnZ2dnUVZ_tidnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<17582.34608.624122.788465@montanaro.dyndns.org>
Message-ID: <e8m1ee$rn6$1@sea.gmane.org>

skip at pobox.com wrote:

> As someone else noted though, a five-second delay for such a small example
> doesn't seem to be an XML-RPC problem.  A simple round-trip to my XML-RPC
> server running on the localhost takes about 5 *milli*seconds.

even if the service you're connecting is waiting 5 seconds before it 
sends the response ? ;-)

</F>



From luismgz at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 14:28:27 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 11:28:27 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151951306.962155.64650@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


. wrote:
> What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?
>
> --
> JavaScript implementation of Python
> http://groups.google.it/group/JSython/

Check this out:
http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/news.html



From pydecker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:17:25 2006
From: pydecker at gmail.com (Peter Decker)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:17:25 -0400
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ca55a9900607190517l16926ffaxf89b4f51ba575477@mail.gmail.com>

On 19 Jul 2006 04:55:24 -0700, Simon Hibbs <simon.hibbs at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Frank Millman wrote:
>
> > Try self.PlantCtrl.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl)
>
> And Voila! It works. Many, many thanks.
>
> Any idea what is going on?

Your first attempt used self.Bind, which binds the kill focus event of
self to the method. This version binds the kill focus event of the
*text control* to the method, which is what you want.

I used to get bitten by this a lot, but now I've switched to using the
dabo.ui module of Dabo to do my GUI stuff. It has the concept of
binding changes in controls to update events, which was needed for
database-type apps, but you can bind a control to any property of any
object. You should really check it out if you need this sort of
interactive updating in your app. http://dabodev.com.

-- 

# p.d.


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Mon Jul  3 10:12:56 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:12:56 -0500
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode
	for it).
In-Reply-To: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44A925E8.8040406@tim.thechases.com>

> /* $Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $ */

Well, let's begin here.  You've got your python commenting style 
all wrong.  This alone won't parse as python.  I recommend using 
the standard "#" comment notation as described in the python docs.

> 	if (argc != 2 || !inet_aton(argv[1], &addr)) {
> 		usage(argv[0]);
> 	}
> 
> 	(void)printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(addr));

Then, in your python code, you're using braces.  While there are 
conventions for doing that:

	if (conditions): # {
		statements
	#}

they clearly aren't being followed in your code, and given their 
optional nature, I suggest simply omitting them.  Second of all, 
you're calling non-idempotent functions in your "if" statement. 
Generally considered bad style.  Additionally, you never 
reference the sys.argv module/list of parameters, but still refer 
to argc (which should really be "len(sys.argv)"), and

The lines that look like they should be including your modules:

> #include <err.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
> #include <sys/socket.h>
> #include <netinet/in.h>
> #include <arpa/inet.h>

appear to be commented out, as per above, using the standard "#" 
notation.  Additionally, the python syntax would be "import 
socket", not "include" followed by all this other rubbish with 
less-than and greater-than signs, and filename extensions.

This isn't rocket-surgery.  Both inet_aton() and inet_ntoa() 
function calls are in the socket module.  Call them accordingly:

 >>> import socket
 >>> print "\n".join([s for s in dir(socket) if 
s.startswith("inet_")])
inet_aton
inet_ntoa
 >>> help(socket.inet_aton)
Help on built-in function inet_aton in module _socket:

inet_aton(...)
     inet_aton(string) -> packed 32-bit IP representation

     Convert an IP address in string format (123.45.67.89) to the 
32-bit packed
     binary format used in low-level network functions.

 >>> help(socket.inet_ntoa)
Help on built-in function inet_ntoa in module _socket:

inet_ntoa(...)
     inet_ntoa(packed_ip) -> ip_address_string

     Convert an IP address from 32-bit packed binary format to 
string format
 >>> a = s.inet_aton("192.168.3.14")
 >>> a
'\xc0\xa9\x03\x0e'
 >>> s.inet_ntoa(a)
'192.168.3.14'

The rest is basic candy to get the command-line parameter and 
pass it in to aton and back again to ntoa.

I'm sure there are plenty of other problems, but this would be a 
good place to start...

-tkc








From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  9 23:34:50 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 20:34:50 -0700
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<44b140af$0$9623$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1hi8617.ty4x2hlgqeibN%aleax@mac.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr> wrote:
   ...
> >     This would allow things like:
> >         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
> 
> key = ''.join(list(sorted(word.lower().strip()))

No need to make yet another list here (also, I think each of you omitted
a needed closed-paren!-) -- you could just use:

key = ''.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))


> >    - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for
> > dictionaries, and more += like operations;
> >    For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
> >         dict[key] += [word]
> > 
> >      Instead of:
> >         mark[key] = mark.get(key,[]) + [word]
> 
> mark.setdefault(key, []).append(word)

setdefault was a worthy experiment, but it works rather clumsily in real
life -- most of us are back to splitting such "multidict assignments"
into two statements, such as:
    if key in mark: mark[key].append(word)
    else: mark[key] = [word]

Fortunately, 2.5's collections.defaultdict makes it pretty again (and
VASTLY more general than the one and only "nice default" the OP is
wishing for;-).
    

Alex


From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Mon Jul 10 23:04:47 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 20:04:47 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152587086.989367.96800@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

alimoe wrote:
> I am interested in coding an app which uses physics and 3d and neural
> nets and genetics. Any pointers?

PyODE for the physics part.


Carl Banks



From aaa at email.dk  Wed Jul 12 14:03:57 2006
From: aaa at email.dk (Aage Andersen (REMOVE))
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:03:57 +0200
Subject: scipy
Message-ID: <44b53993$0$854$edfadb0f@dread12.news.tele.dk>

I am exploring the modules scipy and linalg using python under Win XP and 
IDLE.

Defining m=matrix( .. ) and trying to compute the inverse of m:

>>> inverse(m)

I get an array:

>>>array( .. )

This is unfortunate. I would rather have a matrix returned as the rules for 
manipulating matrices and arrays differ.

>>> matrix( .. ) + n

does not give the same as

>>> array( .. ) + n.

Trying to compute the determinant of a matrix m

>>>det(m)

my computer resets IDLE and I get an error messages.

Comments welcome.

Aage 




From a at tempinbox.com  Sat Jul  1 16:43:18 2006
From: a at tempinbox.com (a)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:43:18 -0700
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151786598.514196.232460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

if i remove the global
i get an undefined error!
it was suggested as a solution in this group below

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b7b2dcdc3e109f3e?hide_quotes=no#msg_81305eeee43f82c6
thanks
Simon Forman wrote:
> a wrote:
> > hi simon thanks for your reply
>
> You're most welcome
>
>
> > what if i want to do this
> > 	        feed_list=[]
> > 		feed_id=[]
> > 		for ix in feeds_list_select:
> > 			global feeds_list
> > 			global feeds_id
> > 			feeds_list.append(ix.url)
> > 		       feeds_id.append(ix.id)
> >
> > ie not one variable but more variables
> > thanks
>
> in a case like this I would usually reach for the zip() function, with
> the "varargs" * calling pattern
>
> N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)
>
>
> or just
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
> feeds_list_select])
>
>
> btw, please note that the global statements in your example are
> unnecessary..  *totally* unnecessary.  :-D



From sfk1 at bigfoot.com  Fri Jul  7 05:03:37 2006
From: sfk1 at bigfoot.com (Stefan Krah)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 11:03:37 +0200
Subject: Solution for XML-RPC over a proxy
References: <e8klal$vpa$1@nntp.aioe.org>
Message-ID: <slrneas8r9.bv.sfk1@canberra.ip503cbb7c.speed.planet.nl>

* Andrew R <andrew at nospam.com> wrote:
> All,
> 
> I couldn't get my xml-rpc script to work via a corporate proxy.
> 
> I noticed a few posts asking about this, and a very good helper script by jjk on
> starship. That script didn't work for me, and I think its a little old -- but it
> was very helpful to figure it out.
> 
> The below script is a replacement/update to the earlier work. It is runnable as
> a test or usable as a module. Tests pass from behind and away from a proxy, on
> win32 and Linux i686, with Python 2.4.1.
> 
> Comments welcome.

No real comment, just to point out an alternative that works well for me:

http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/xmlrpc-client-example.html


Stefan Krah


From yinxianglong at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 23:35:23 2006
From: yinxianglong at gmail.com (=?GB2312?B?0vzP6cH6?=)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 11:35:23 +0800
Subject: How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on a web
	page?
Message-ID: <977252d80607052035h6c88dd9ag5aa2db9612190f67@mail.gmail.com>

How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on a web page?
-------------- next part --------------
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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 12:26:01 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:26:01 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <1153281415.473436.125220@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com><44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153281415.473436.125220@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be5d1b$0$21606$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

malkarouri at gmail.com wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Boris Borcic a ?crit :
>>
>>>Hello Bruno,
>>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>Boris Borcic wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>>Do you have any ideas?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>you could use a recursive generator, like
>>>>>
>>>>>def genAllChildren(self) :
>>>>>    for child in self.children :
>>>>>        yield child
>>>>>        for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
>>>>>            yield childchild
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Or how to *not* address the real problem...
>>>>
>>>>Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
>>>>to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
>>>>
>>>
>>>Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.
>>
>>It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ), and easy
>>to solve. The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to the FAQ
>>(or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose a
>>workaround.
>>
>>
>>>How can you exclude that
>>>the OP /may/ find that a generator neatly solves his problem ?
>>
>>I don't exclude it, and explicitly mentioned in whole letters that, I
>>quote, it "may be a pretty good idea". And actually, the OP's problem is
>>really with default values evaluation scheme - something that every
>>Python programmer should know, because there are cases where you cannot
>>solve it with a generator-based solution !-)
>>
>>
>>>The use
>>>of a default value was not an end in itself, was it ?
>>
>>If the OP has other reasons to want to use an accumulator based solution
>>- which we don't know - then the possibility to use a default value is
>>important.
>>
>>
>>>- and the quirks of
>>>default values being FAQ stuff don't change that. Sure if nobody had
>>>covered that aspect, but a couple other posters did...
>>
>>Yes, but you forgot to mention that - and I would not have post any
>>comment on your solution if you had explicitly mentioned the FAQ or
>>these other answers.
>>
>>
>>>Mmmmhhh somehow it feels like if there is any issue here, it is about
>>>defending the credo "there ought to exist only one obvious way to do it"
>>>?...
>>
>>Nope, it's about trying to make sure that anyone googling for a similar
>>problem will notice the canonical solution somehow.
> 
> 
> Sorry, but I kinda agree with Boris here.

On what ?

> Not that I am anybody here,
> really.

Err... Are you you at least ?-)

> If the question is to use an accumulator based solution, then yes, the
> default values answer is definitely the canonical solution.
> If the question is to write a recursive function that returns a list,
> an accumulator based solution and a generator based solution are two
> different ways for doing that.

Note that the generator-based solution doesn't return a list. (And yes,
I know, it's just a matter of wrapping the call to obj.genAllChildrens()
in a list constructor).

> I don't think there is actually a FAQ
> saying you must use the accumulator solution.

Did I say so ? The FAQ I mention is about default values evaluation, and
it's the problem the OP was facing. Please re-read my post more carefully.

> Actually, the accumulator based solution kind of comes to me
> automatically as standard in any programming language, and I believe
> that this was established as standard in python, _before_ the
> introduction of generators.

FWIW, you don't need to pass an accumulator around to solve this problem:

    def getAllChildren(self):
        children = []
        if self.children:
            children.extend(self.children)
            for child in self.children:
                children.extend(child.getAllChildren())
        return children

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 00:33:29 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 21:33:29 -0700
Subject: how to stop python...
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhvajd.6tpr717yk0w2N%aleax@mac.com>

bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> hi...
> 
> perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything similar. how can a
> python app be stopped?
> 
> the docs refer to a sys.stop.. but i can't find anything else... am i
> missing something...

import sys

sys.exit()


Alex


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 05:41:47 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:41:47 +0200
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.05.06.00.00.718322@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<44aaa4cd$0$23272$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<pan.2006.07.05.06.00.00.718322@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <44ab895c$0$14279$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:26:36 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>>
>>>I'm having problems with sub-classes of built-in types.
>>>
>>>Here is a contrived example of my subclass. It isn't supposed
>>>to be practical, useful code, but it illustrates my problem.
>>>
>>>class MyStr(str):
>>>    """Just like ordinary strings, except it exhibits special behaviour
>>>    for one particular value.
>>>    """
>>>    magic = "surprise"
>>
>>>    def __init__(self, value):
>>>        str.__init__(self, value)
>>
>>You don't need to override __init__ here.
> 
> 
> Perhaps not, but in a more realistic example I might need to.

Perhaps, but I can only comment on the example you gave !-)
Also, *you* are aware of this, but please keep in mind that cl.py is
read by a lot of newbies.

(snip)

>>You could replace subclassing by composition/delegation using the
>>__getattr__ hook, but this would break tests on type/class :(
>>
>>Or you could keep subclassing and use the __getattribute__ hook, but
>>this is more tricky and IIRC may have negative impact on lookup perfs.
>>
>>Or you could use a metaclass to decorate (appropriate) str methods with
>>a decorator doing the additional stuff.
>>
>>choose your poison !-)
> 
> 
> Interesting... That will give me something to experiment with.

AFAICT, the last solution is probably the better of the three (well, at
least it's the better I can think of actually).

For the record, care to give more informations about your real use case?

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:45:19 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 06:45:19 -0700
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


byteschreck at googlemail.com wrote:
> I love python - I use it as a utility language to complement my C#
> programming every day. However, the reason I do not use it as my
> primary language is - surprise, surprise - not its lack of static type
> checking, but the size of standalone executes  (which embed the python
> runtime).
>
> Would it be possible to link only the used functions into your
> resulting executable? After all, a typical application might only use
> 20% of everything that is in the Python .dlls.
>
> The same applies to wxPython - it would be great if you could only link
> in what you need. Would it be possible to write such linkers at all
> (maybe based on GCC)?

For your distribution, just move your DLLs to the appropriate system
folder. That's what DLLs do. You throw them in system32, forget they
were there in the first place, and the Linker Troll does the rest for
you.



From david at iservicepro.com  Fri Jul 14 03:48:30 2006
From: david at iservicepro.com (david at iservicepro.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 00:48:30 -0700
Subject: About iServicePro
Message-ID: <1152863310.258620.181970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

iServicePro is an innovative approach to offering affordable tools for
Java and J2EE developers. in particular, we are a professional team for
applying oneself to develop and integrate eclipse plug-in for user
applications.

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and a true end-to-end seamless J2EE development environment.
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demonstration of Data Service or need assistance during the trial
process, please do not hesitate to contact us.

 www.iservicepro.com



From lee at example.com  Sat Jul 29 18:23:18 2006
From: lee at example.com (Lee Harr)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 22:23:18 GMT
Subject: Pygame Help
References: <1154208452.432901.180230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <qdRyg.6444$oa1.3773@news02.roc.ny>

> I was curious how you would program the seperate
> images to fall together and not break apart, because pygame and
> livewires uses images as collision detection, so therefore you can't
> make most of the shapes a single image because they will have
> transparent spaces as part of the image, which will make floating
> shapes and such.
>

The way I did it was to compose the shapes out of squares.
The implementation is available in the pygsear-games
distribution. You'd need pygsear also, to play the game.

http://www.nongnu.org/pygsear/



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 13:16:46 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:16:46 GMT
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>

Bayazee wrote:

> i want a free hosting for python .
> so i can make my scripts and upload to server .
> i want to use mod_python ...

good luck with that...


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul  5 00:33:24 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 21:33:24 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <4eudnQbULK8EoTbZnZ2dnUVZ_uWdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <08dc01c69fec$2800ff10$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

i tried to do 

a1[10][10] = ['a','q']

and get an error saying a1 is not defined....

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Erik Max Francis
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:14 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: defining multi dimensional array


bruce wrote:

> basic question..
> 
> how do i define a multi dimensional array
> 
>  a[10][10]
> 
> is there a kind of a = array(10,10)

It's just a list of lists.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Have you ever loved somebody / Who didn't know
    -- Zhane
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Sat Jul 15 12:17:20 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 09:17:20 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <1152979989.868580.79710@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152979989.868580.79710@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152980240.128315.268980@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>
> On-board Ethernet and CAN (Controller Area Network - wireless)
>
Ooops, my bad - CAN is not wireless, it is a serial network
specifically for linking with other ucontroller boards.

I was thinking of the onboard Bluetooth of the gumstix boards.

-- Paul



From bborcic at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 12:56:23 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 18:56:23 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8395.1153487920.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<mailman.8395.1153487920.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c10754$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Thanks for these details. BB

Tim Peters wrote:
> [ Boris Borcic]
>> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>>
>> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
> 
> Say len(x) == N.  With Python's current sort, the conjecture is true
> if and only if N <= 2.
> 
>> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
>> achieve the sort,
> 
> No idea what that could mean in a rigorous, algorithm-independent way.
> 
>> I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
>> with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?
> 
> If a list is already sorted, or reverse-sorted, the minimum number of
> comparisons needed to determine that is N-1, and Python's current sort
> achieves that.  It first looks for the longest ascending or descending
> run.  If comparison outcomes are random, it will decide "yes, already
> sorted" with probability 1/2**(N-1), and likewise for reverse-sorted.
> When N > 2, those are larger than the "correct" probabilities 1/(N!).
> So., e.g., when N=3, the sort will leave the list alone 1/4th of the
> time (and will reverse the list in-place another 1/4th).  That makes
> the identity and reversal permutations much more likely than "they
> should be", and the bias is worse as N increases.
> 
> Of course random.shuffle(x) is the intended way to effect a
> permutation uniformly at random.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 09:01:36 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:01:36 +0200
Subject: Problem with readlines() and uml
In-Reply-To: <1153914937.623810.235150@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153914937.623810.235150@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c767b1$0$13522$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

wscrsurfdude wrote:

> Sorry it is so hot in here, I make mistakes, I meant it to be an xml
> file. But still sthe same problem

> 
>>Ik have an xml file I want to read with readlines. I have the following
>>code:
>>infile = open("out2.txt","r")
>>for line in infile.readlines():
>>    print line
>>
>>The print statement just gives the data, not the xml headings. 

Still the same question : what is an "xml heading" ? xml is a textual
markup language. It has elements ('tags') which can have content and
attributes -  but nothing like "headings".

file.readlines() iterates over lines of a opened text file - it doesn't
give a damn about what this text is, xml, python code, csv or whatever.
If your file contains xml and you want to interpret the xml, you have to
use a xml parser.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul  6 05:38:04 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 09:38:04 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-05, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> On 2006-07-05, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>>>> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>>> (snip)
>>>>> Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
>>>>> works,
>>>> 
>>>> I'm not sure of this.
>
>>AP> Should I care about that?
>
> Yes, because as long as you don't understand it, you are in for unpleasant
> surprises. 

Well if someone explains what is wrong about my understanding, I
certainly care about that (although I confess to sometimes being
impatient) but someone just stating he is not sure I understand?

>>>> It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
>>>> between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.
>
>>AP> The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
>>AP> rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
>>AP> side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
>>AP> local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
>>AP> if will also search the outerscopes for the name.
>
> No. It will always use the same search order.

So if I understand you correctly in code like:

  c.d = a
  b = a

All three names are searched for in all scopes between the local en global
one. That is what I understand with your statement that [python] always
uses the same search order.

My impression was that python will search for c and a in the total current
namespace but will not for b.

> But a variable that is bound
> inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
> the local namespace.

Aren't we now talking about implementation details? Sure the compilor
can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
the scopes higher up.

Let me explain a bit more. Suppose I'm writing a python interpreter
in python. One implemantation detail is that I have a list of active
scopes which are directories which map names to objects. At the
start of a new function the scope list is adapted and all local
variables are inserted to the new activated scope and mapped to
some "Illegal Value" object. Now I also have a SearchName function
that will start at the begin of a scope list and return the
first scope in which that name exists. The [0] element is the
local scope. Now we come to the line "b = a"

This could be then executed internally as follows:

  LeftScope = SearchName("b", ScopeList)
  RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
  LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]

But I don't have to do it this way. I already know in which scope
"b" is, the local one, which has index 0. So I could just as well
have that line exucuted as follows:

  LeftScope = ScopeList[0]
  RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
  LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]

As far as I understand both "implementations" would make for
a correct execution of the line "b = a" and because of the
second possibility, b is IMO not conceptually searched for in
the same way as a is searched for, although one could organise
things that the same code is used for both.

Of course it is possible I completely misunderstood how python
is supposed to work and the above is nonesense in which case
I would appreciate it if you correct me.

>>AP> Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword, to allow
>>AP> rebinding a name in an intermediate scope. It is not that big a deal
>>AP> that it hasn't, but I keep finding the result strange and somewhat
>>AP> counterintuitive.
>
> Maybe it would have been nice if variables could have been declared as
> nested, but I think it shows that nested variables have to be used with
> care, similar to globals. Especially not allowing rebinding in intermediate
> scopes is a sound principle (`Nested variables considered harmful').
> If you need to modify the objects which are bound to names in intermediate
> scopes, use methods and give these objects as parameters.

But shouldn't we just do programming in general with care? And if
Nested variables are harmfull, what is then the big difference
between rebinding them and mutating them that we should forbid
the first and allow the second?

I understand that python evolved and that this sometimes results
in things that in hindsight could have been done better. But
I sometimes have the impression that the defenders try to defend
those results as a design decision. With your remark above I have
to wonder if someone really thought this through at design time
and came to the conclusion that nested variables are harmfull
and thus may not be rebound but not that harmfull so mutation
is allowed and if so how he came to that conclusion.


>>AP> Let me explain why:
>
>>AP> Suppose someone is rather new of python and writes the following
>>AP> code, manipulating vectors:
>
>>AP>   A = 10 * [0]
>>AP>   def f(B):
>>AP>     ...
>>AP>     for i in xrange(10):
>>AP>       A[i] += B[i]
>>AP>     ...
>
>>AP> Then he hears about the vector and matrix modules that are around.
>>AP> So he rewrites his code naively as follows:
>
>>AP>   A = NullVector(10):
>>AP>   def f(B):
>>AP>     ...
>>AP>     A += B
>>AP>     ...
>
>>AP> And it won't work. IMO the principle of least surprise here would
>>AP> be that it should work.
>
> Well, A = f(B) introduces a local variable A. Therefore also  A = A+B.
> And therefore also A += B.
>
> The only way to have no surprises at all would be if local variables would
> have to be declared explicitly, like 'local A'. But that would break
> existing code. Or maybe the composite assignment operators should have been
> exempted. Too late now!

Let me make one thing clear. I'm not trying to get the python people to
change anything. Most I hope for is that they would think about this
behaviour for python 3000. 

> You have the same problem with:
>
>     A = [10]
>     def inner():
>         A.append(2)
>
> works but 
>
>     A = [10]
>     def inner():
>         A += [2]
>
> doesn't. The nasty thing in this example is that although A += [2] looks
> like a rebinding syntactically, semantically there is no rebinding done.
>
> I think the cleaner solution is (use parameters and don't rebind):
>     def inner(A):
>         A.append(2)
>

For what it is worth. My proposal would be to introduce a rebinding
operator, ( just for the sake of this exchange written as := ).

A line like "b := a", wouldn't make b a local variable but would
search for the name b in all active scopes and then rebind b
there. In terms of my hypothetical interpreter something like
the above.

  LeftScope = SearchName("b", ScopeList)
  RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
  LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]

With the understanding that b wouldn't be inserted in the local
scope unless there was an assignment to be somewhere else in
the function.

The augmented assignments could then be redefined in terms of the
rebinding operator instead of the assignment.

I'm not sure this proposal would eliminate all surprises but as
far as I can see it wouldn't break existing code. But I don't think
this proposal would have a serious chance.

In any case thanks for your contribution.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 22:44:28 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 19:44:28 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

David Hopwood wrote:
> Marshall wrote:
>
> > Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
> > this raises decidability issues.)
>
> It is certainly possible to prove statically that some assertions cannot fail.
>
> The ESC/Java 2 (http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/docs.html)
> tool for JML (http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/JML/) is one system that does
> this -- although some limitations and usability problems are described in
> <http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/ESCTools/papers/CASSIS2004.pdf>.

I look forward to reading this. I read a paper on JML a while ago and
found it quite interesting.


> > Mightn't it also be possible to
> > leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
> > was compile-time or runtime?
>
> That would be possible, but IMHO a better option would be for an IDE to give
> an indication (by highlighting, for example), which contracts are dynamically
> checked and which are static.
>
> This property is, after all, not something that the program should depend on.
> It is determined by how good the static checker currently is, and we want to be
> able to improve checkers (and perhaps even allow them to regress slightly in
> order to simplify them) without changing programs.

Hmmm. I have heard that argument before and I'm conflicted.

I can think of more reasons than just runtime safety for which I'd
want proofs. Termination for example, in highly critical code;
not something for which a runtime check will suffice. On the
other hand the points you raise are good ones, and affect
the usability of the language.


Marshall



From kernel1983 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 01:34:44 2006
From: kernel1983 at gmail.com (kernel1983)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 22:34:44 -0700
Subject: PIL on MacOS
Message-ID: <1154237683.971586.108260@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I was trying to build PIL and pygame from the source on the MacOS.

But when I typed 'sudo python setup.py install',
it gives error msg :

gcc -arch ppc -arch i386 -isysroot /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.4u.sdk
-fno-strict-aliasing -Wno-long-double -no-cpp-precomp -mno-fused-madd
-fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -DHAVE_LIBZ -DWORDS_BIGENDIAN
-I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Headers
-I/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Headers
-I/usr/local/include/freetype2 -IlibImaging
-I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/include
-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include
-I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/include/python2.4
-c _imaging.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.4-fat-2.4/_imaging.o
gcc: cannot specify -o with -c or -S and multiple compilations
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

Is there any one who did this before?how can i solve it?
Thanks



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 22:55:28 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 19:55:28 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<n0Rxg.10917$Cn6.9245@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <1153968928.130114.47980@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Paul McGuire wrote:
> Comparitive timing of pyparsing vs. re comes in at about 2ms for pyparsing,
> vs. 0.13 for re's, so about 15x faster for re's.  If psyco is used (and we
> skip the first call, which incurs all the compiling overhead), the speed
> difference drops to about 7-10x.  I did try compiling the re, but this
> didn't appear to make any difference - probably user error.

That is because of how the methods in the sre module are implemented...
Compiling a regex really just saves you a dictionary lookup.

def findall(pattern, string, flags=0):
    """snip"""
    return _compile(pattern, flags).findall(string)

def compile(pattern, flags=0):
    """snip"""
    return _compile(pattern, flags)

def _compile(*key):
    # internal: compile pattern
    cachekey = (type(key[0]),) + key
    p = _cache.get(cachekey)
    if p is not None:
        return p
    #snip

-- 
- Justin



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 05:05:06 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 11:05:06 +0200
Subject: know reference name in instance
In-Reply-To: <1152262501.704832.110080@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152262501.704832.110080@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8l83v$s6p$1@sea.gmane.org>

pipehappy wrote:

> Is it possible for an instance know its name used by other part of
> program.  I mean like this:
> 
> class test:
>     def __init__(self):
>         pass
> 
> when some one writes
> 
> x = test()
> 
> then one of attribute of x contain the name "x"
> 
> Is it possible?

not really.

and what should happen if you do, say

    x = test()
    y = x

or

    x = [test(), test(), test()]

?

for more on this, see:

http://pyfaq.infogami.com/how-can-my-code-discover-the-name-of-an-object

</F>



From jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net  Fri Jul 21 06:36:53 2006
From: jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net (Jeremy Sanders)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:36:53 +0100
Subject: pyqt scrollview layout
References: <e9q88e$ubp$1@news01.versatel.de>
Message-ID: <e9qao5$hec$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Felix Steffenhagen wrote:

> I have a problem with updating contents in a qscrollview.
> I've implementented two widgets (PremiseInput and PremiseList).
> You can find the source code under
> http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~steffenh/premiseinput.{html|py} and
> http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~steffenh/premiselist.{html|py}

You should ask on the PyQt mailing list - you're much more likely to get an
answer.

Jeremy

-- 
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 07:12:38 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 06:12:38 -0500
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<mailman.8278.1153193682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153195209.671767.204200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <17596.49702.978283.798328@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Dennis> Problem: X-Window supports remote displays; you'd need a means
    Dennis> of specifying which display to track (unless you've opened a GUI
    Dennis> application and that application is asking for positions ...

Watch does this via server mode (sort of).  You run watch on both your local
and remote machines.  The remote machine forwards information about mouse
movement to the local machine.

    Dennis> I don't think anyone has ported raw X-protocol access to Python.

There is a (defunct) Xlib wrapper for Python.  Nowadays you could probably
redo just the parts you need pretty easily with ctypes.

    Dennis> * If working raw xt/DECWindows wasn't bad enough... Add GKS
    Dennis> (is that still around?) on top of it -- I had a DECWindows UI
    Dennis> whose [... many magical reminiscences elided ;-) ...]

I believe OpenGL pretty much killed the market for stuff like GKS.  X
servers have enough features and video boards have enough performance that
for all but the most demanding graphics applications there's no desired to
write bits using something other than OpenGL and no need to expose the raw
framebuffer at the application program level.

Skip



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 22:51:44 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:51:44 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> compiling my files.

You could try the PIL package.

>From the docs at
http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm

Image.eval(function, image) => image

Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in
the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function
is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for
each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other
generators.

HTH,
~Simon



From ddvlad at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 04:58:41 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 01:58:41 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
Message-ID: <1151830721.864811.27530@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I would like to learn web scripting with Python (sure, everyone uses
PHP, but I don't like the syntax and Python is more general-purpose
and... well, I guess you people know the advantages better than me).
Where can I get a thorough introduction to both CGI and using Python
for CGI? That includes installing my own web server (at home, for
testing) and starting from scratch (by that I mean I have near null
experience with CGI).

I have tried looking through the source code of MoinMoin, but it's just
too advanced for me -- I simply don't know where to start. Right now,
I'll take any and all suggestions. However, please suggest books or
articles that are up-to-date on Python programming; I'd hate to see
that I'm studying obsolete texts or the like.

Thanks in advance,
Vlad

--
If I make any mistake, be it regarding English or Usenet, do point it
out to me. Thank you.



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:01:24 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:01:24 -0700
Subject: Number combinations
Message-ID: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

Just wondering if there is a better way of generating a 4 digit number
(that gets converted to a string), ive got the following code which
generates strings between 0000-9999.

<code>

for a in range(0,10):
    for b in range(0,10):
        for c in range(0,10):
            for d in range(0,10):
                print "%s%s%s%s" %(str(a), str(b), str(c),str(d)

</code>


--Cheers

http://bulkan.googlepages.com/python



From danb_83 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 22:49:19 2006
From: danb_83 at yahoo.com (Dan Bishop)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 19:49:19 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153190959.065213.88200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> it seems that range() can be really slow:
...
>     if i in range (0, 10000):

This creates a 10,000-element list and sequentially searches it.  Of
course that's gonna be slow.



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 19:36:21 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 09:36:21 +1000
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.23.36.20.730391@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:45:53 +0000, OKB (not okblacke) wrote:

> Terry Reedy wrote:
> 
>> Consider
>>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
>> [3, 3, 2, 1]
>> 
>> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).
> 
> [a.len() for a in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]

Did you actually try that?

>>> 'abc'.len()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'len'

In any case, list comprehensions are a recent (version 2.2 I think?)
addition to Python. You have to think about the functionality
available back in the days when the decision to make len() a function was
made, not based on what functionality is available a decade later. 


-- 
Steven.



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 00:47:00 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:47:00 -0400
Subject: Add a method to the int class
References: <1152505455.432235.275880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8sm45$tve$1@sea.gmane.org>


<barberomarcelo at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1152505455.432235.275880 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> How can I add a method to the int class?

You can't.  The closest is to subclass int and add your method. 





From brochu121 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:31:31 2006
From: brochu121 at gmail.com (david brochu jr)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:31:31 -0400
Subject: can't kill os.system process
Message-ID: <9583ed900607271031w249bc45bxb9c0c6482a9777c3@mail.gmail.com>

When I run the following code:

import os

file = "C:\\progra~1\\mozill~1\\firefox.exe www.google.com"
os.system(file)
# this will spawn Firefox and naviage to google.com

kill = "taskkill /f /im firefox.exe"
os.system(kill)
          #
this should kill Firefox instance that was just spawned



the script never gets to kill the insance of firefox. When I manually close
Firefox, my cmd window indicates that the taskkill command was unsuccessful,
which leads me to believe that after I open Firefox the system is not
getting any indication that the command finished executing, which would
result in Firefox not being killed. I also tried substituting "os.system"
with "os.popen" which did the same thing.

Anyone have an idea how I can kill the instance of Firefox?
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/attachments/20060727/048892c2/attachment.html>

From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:26:54 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:26:54 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
In-Reply-To: <1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153178814.350091.314150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


mtbeedee at gmail.com wrote:
> py_genetic wrote:
> > How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
> > example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
> > this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
> > python.  Thanks.
>
> This might do it...
>
> >>> print eval.__doc__
> eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
>
> Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
> The source may be a string representing a Python expression
> or a code object as returned by compile().
> The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mappping,
> defaulting to the current globals and locals.
> If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.

For example each time this line is interpreted I would like to use the
new value of the state var which is a global var.  How can I force
state to be identified and used in this string.

r_table = h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records

r_table = eval("h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records") ??
r_table = h5file.root.eval("state")_raw_records.neg_records ?? eval is
not a part of root

dont think either of these is very logical? Any ideas?  Possibly the
parser mod?



From jdennis at redhat.com  Thu Jul  6 14:17:33 2006
From: jdennis at redhat.com (John Dennis)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:17:33 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc2822
In-Reply-To: <33408.72.177.126.107.1152207947.squirrel@mail.his.com>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
	<44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
	<33408.72.177.126.107.1152207947.squirrel@mail.his.com>
Message-ID: <1152209853.32574.175.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>

On Thu, 2006-07-06 at 13:45 -0400, Brad Knowles wrote:

> [ snip discussion of fixing pipermail and alternate archivers ]

>  But this is a pretty big undertaking.

I'm 100% with Brad on this, this is a huge chunk of work, probably a
project in its own regard. Would you really finish this during your
summer of code? You've got great ideas, but be realistic about what you
can actually accomplish and don't forget for those folks who dislike
pipermail one can with minimal effort use an external archiver. 
-- 
John Dennis <jdennis at redhat.com>
Red Hat Inc.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul  5 10:44:40 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:44:40 +0200
Subject: python list/array question...
References: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44abc5ec$0$5272$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanjln.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <4h21imF1ohmgeU1@uni-berlin.de>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Bruno Desthuilliers enlightened us with:
>> Python has lists (which AFAIK really are arrays not linked lists,
>> but they are called 'lists').
> 
> An array is generally understood as a list of items of the same type,
> hence Python lists aren't arrays.

Only in the same sense as lists are. Inhomogeneous lists are of course
possible in python, and maybe even common, but many people argue that is
bad style. And in FP languages they are especially frown upon.

And AFAIK the internal representation is an array of object-pointers.

Regards,

Diez


From mak at trisoft.com.pl  Fri Jul 14 14:28:33 2006
From: mak at trisoft.com.pl (Grzegorz Makarewicz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 20:28:33 +0200
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44B7E251.8060602@trisoft.com.pl>

Jack wrote:
> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> user gets to select what modules to install?
>
> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
>
> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
> Python on these systems?
>
> If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
> of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?
>
> PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
> Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough. 
>
>
>   
python on palmos - latest version was below 1.5.2 - but is quite interesting
has small fotoprint, is fast and usefull
but isn't maintained by years

mak



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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 06:16:51 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:16:51 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>>Lousy Attribute Name:
>>>	self.tmp
>>>
>>>Accessors:
>>>	set_temporary_buffer
>>>	get_temporary_buffer
>>>
>>>The attribute name I chose, "tmp" sucks.
>>
>>Well, it's surely not as descriptive as 'temporary_buffer'
>>
>>
>>>I have used that name in
>>>dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC.
>>
>>Too bad for you.
> 
> 
> Thank you, that was helpful.

What am I supposed to say ? You choose a bad name for a public symbol,
used it in 27000 lines of Python code (which certainly took some time to
write), and all of a sudden you realize the name is bad and proceed to
fix the problem. If you know of any other way than a massive
find/replace, please share. But blaming the language for your error
won't help.

> 
>>>There's a chance that other
>>>develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
>>>emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
>>>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.
>>
>>So why did you name it that way at first ?
>>
> What does it matter? There are 10 million and one reasons from given
> identifiers bad names.

And how many reasons to use a bad name in 27000 LOCs before deciding to
fix the problem ?

> 
>>>Now compare that
>>>to the accessors.
>>
>>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
> 
> 
> I didn't say it wasn't.

Yes you did. May I quote ?
"""
"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others. Now compare that
to the accessors. Not only do they improve readability at the expense
of more code, they actually allow me to change the lousily named
attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
searching, replacing and praying.
"""

This obviously implies that you don't understand 'tmp' as being an accessor.

>>>Not only do they improve readability
>>
>>Err... do you find:
>>
>>obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
>>val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()
>>
>>really more readable than:
>>
>>obj.temporary_buffer = val
>>val = obj.temporary_buffer
> 
> 
> I didn't name the attribute temporary_buffer, I named it tmp.

You didn't name the *accessor* 'temporary_buffer', you named it 'tmp'.
You are *exactly* in the same situation as if you had used getter/setter
named "get_tmp" and 'set_tmp". And your point about getters/setters
"improving readability" is moot.

> 
>>>at the expense
>>>of more code,
>>
>>Indeed. In both the class and client code.
>>
>>
>>>they actually allow me to change the lousily named
>>>attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
>>>searching, replacing and praying.
>>
>>You still fail to get the point. You actually choose a crappy name for a
>>*public* property. It's *exactly* as if, in Java, you had named your
>>getter/setter 'get_tmp' and 'set_tmp'.
>> 
> 
> No, it isn't. 

May I quote what wou wrote a few lines above in this very same post ?
"""
>>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
>
>
> I didn't say it wasn't.
"""

Don't you see any contradiction here ?

> In Java there's a clear distinction between attributes
> and methods.

Yes, and that's a big weakness of Java. But that's another point, and
absolutely irrelevant here. Failing to understand a language semantics
gives no right to complain about the language.


>>>Sure, if you are dealing with less
>>>than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
>>>But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
>>>developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.
>>
>>Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.>
>  
> I choose good names for most of my APIs. But there cases when you never
> know an attribute will actually be an API before hand.

Then don't make it part of the API. And anyway, 27000 lines of Python
take some time to write, so you had the opportunity to address the
problem long ago - FWIW, you could have fixed it as soon as you noticed
you were accessing this attribute in client code.

> 
>>>Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
>>
>>or 'tmp'.
>>
>>
>>>But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
>>>less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
>>
>>s/developpers/you/> 
> 
> Ha, right! I bet you are perfect developer.

Certainly not, but I wouldn't confuse my own problems with a general
rule. Note FWIW that I wouldn't blame a language (or my lack of
understanding of that language) for my own errors.

>>>This
>>>stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
>>>usually part of the API,
>>
>>Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
>>*All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.
>>
> I didn't say attributes weren't objects.

Nope, but you constantly bring that false "data/method" dichotomy in
your justifications for having badly named a public symbol.

> 
>>>as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
>>>blah.
>>
>>Don't confuse encapsulation with data-hiding. 
> 
> I don't see the confusion.

Was just an advice against a very common mistake.

>>>I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
>>>philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
>>>state their intended purpose.
>>
>>That's true for each and every name in a program.
>>
>>
>>>I don't hold data attributes to such
>>>standards
>>
>>Too bad for you.
>>
> Thank you.

For what ? You "don't hold data attributes to such standard". As a
consequence (and as a result of not having addressed the problem
sooner), you end up fixing 27000 lines of code. Too bad for you then.
Some would haved learned from the mistake, which then would have turned
into experience. Seems more and more obvious that you prefer to come
whining here instead and blaming the language for your own errors. Too
bad for you again.

> 
>>>and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
>>>other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
>>>attributes are not intended to be APIs,
>>
>>Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
>>underscore).
>  
> I thought that too was unpythonic.

It's a well-known convention, as you would have noticed if you had read
some existing python code, read PEP8, or just looked/asked for Python
naming conventions. FWIW, that's one of the first thing I learned with
Python.

>>>but eventually become one.
>>>After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
>>>methods.
>>
>>Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
>>both callable and non-callable attributes.
>>
> 
> Or objects have state and behavior. Data attributes represent state and
> methods represent behavior.

Is a getter "behaviour" ? If yes, how does this differ from public
"data" attributes from a semantic POV ?


>>Mystilleef, I do share your pain (really - been here, done that,
>>etc...), and I understand that grasping Python requires some mental
>>adjustments when coming from Java and friends (been here, done that,
>>etc...). But you seriously can't blame the language for your own mistakes.
> 
> You don't share my pain.

Are you me to know what I feel ?

> You seem to mock it.

Compassion doesn't imply agreeing on wrong arguments.

> I'm not new to Python
> either.

New enough to not understand how Python's object model, semantic and
overall philosophy strongly differs from Java/C++.

> I've been using it for over 2 years in several capacities. I
> only recently decided to use it for a large project.
> 
>>If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
>>the bad naming.
> 
> 
> I never intended it to be part of the API. 

So you should not have used it outside the class.

> It evolved to be an
> important part of the system.

Then you had plenty of occasions to address the problem.

> 
>>If you didn't, then you're responsible for breaking the
>>encapsulation - FWIW, following the convention (single leading
>>underscore) could have make it clearer to you.
>>In both cases, you
>>happily used a bad name in 27 KLOC - so you really had a lot of time and
>>occasions to notice something wrong with this.
>>
> 
> That's nonsense.

Your opinion. Facts tell otherwise.

> I only just noticed because I was trying to implement
> a plug-in system and I needed to expose an important class. I would not
> have considered the issue a problem without this requirement. Except
> you are a prophet, you sometimes can't know before hand how certain
> classes will end up being used especially if requirements suddenly
> change.

Yes, that's something I'm well aware of. And that's why I pay attention
to naming and to interface/implementation separation.

> Saying it's my fault to make yourself feel better about your
> favorite language doesn't help solve my problem.

I don't say it's your fault to "make (myself) feel better about (my)
favorite language, but because the problem is entirely and only yours.
Python has it's share of warts, and I'm not denying it.

> I didn't come here to
> be berated. 

Nope, but you came here blaming the language for your own errors, and
constantly refuse to aknowledge that *you* got it wrong.

> I came here to learn the Pythonic way to implementing
> accessors. 

With public attributes when there's no processing to do, with computed
attributes (based on descriptors, property being the most commonly used)
else. But this is totally unrelated to the issue with badly chosen
public names.

> And of course how to deal with issues like the one I have in
> medium size to large scale projects. People make mistakes, we deal with
> an move on. 

When one makes mistake, one can either choose to aknowledge the fact and
learn from it, or to find something/someone else to blame and not learn
anything.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 07:23:12 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:23:12 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2ais$jud$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ray wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
>>I wouldn't waste your time. "A man convinced against his will is of the
>>same opinion still", and they already know they aren't interested in
>>Python. There are probably many other matters about which they are
>>uninformed and equally determined.
> 
> 
> Well the thing is that I have to admit I have some stake in this. If
> we're using Rails then everybody's starting from 0. Whereas if we're
> using Python I already know it so I'll have an easier time :)
> 
> Also, those are just two developers. Convincing the big guy, the
> decision maker, is a separate matter isn't it?
> 
> Do you know of any other arguments, or you do think that for somebody
> who really, really doesn't care about which language, either RoR/Ruby
> or Django/Python will do just fine?
> 
Well, my view is that both are frameworks, and so you will inevitably 
"run out of steam" at some point if your implementation plans become too 
ambitious. The impression I get is that Rails is relatively inflexible 
on database schemas, and once you get "off the beaten track" it gets 
difficult to cope with complex existing databases.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 17 08:37:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:37:30 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
<ot>Please don't top-post</ot>
> On State and Behavior:
> 
> To understand objects in terms of state and behavior you need to
> absolve yourself from implementation details of languages
> and think at an abstract level.



> Take a button object, for example. It has state and behavior. Possible
> states may include, is_active, is_focused, is_mapped, etc. Behavior is
> what the button does when it responds to events, (e.g when you click on
> it, or drag it, or position a pointer over it.) If you've done any form
> of event based programming (GUI/Games/Simulation), this method of
> thinking becomes natural.
> 
> As you can see, when I'm designing a button object, I don't care what
> Python does with is_active. I don't care how it accesses. I don't care
> what is_active means to Python. I don't care about Python's __get__
> /__set__ special/latent functions or implementation details. is_active
> to me and every other developer is a state of the button object. And at
> that level that's all that matters. Python can tell me it's just ones
> and zeros for all I care.
> 
> In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> changed by the object.

... as a response to a message.

> For example, a third party randomly changing
> is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily)

Unless you make it a read-only property.

> from False to
> True may crash your GUI.

> And I'm not making this up. Things like this
> do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
> sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
> if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
> unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
> programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
> state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
> vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
> or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.

Properties *are* 'accessors'.

> One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
> the state of objects aren't easily contaminated. 

"contaminated" ???

> That "state" is the
> objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").

Makes no sens to me.

> And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
> accessors. It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
> convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
> just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
> different.
> 
> Thinking in terms of callable vs non-callable is not helpful for me,
> because it isn't high level enough.

Allo, Huston ?

> Thinking in terms of state and
> behavior is, because it works regardless of programming language or
> implementations. This is the reason I like working with Python. I
> wanted a language that didn't bore me with it semantics and allowed me
> to focus on design. Let me reiterate, I'm not obsessing over language
> semantics, I just need practical, not religious, solutions for my
> problem domain.

Using properties instead of explicit getters/setters is pragmatism, not
religion. Using the default get/set mechanism when there's no specific
reason to do otherwise is pragmatism too. And understanding the object
model and idioms of the language you're using is IMHO the very pragmatic
thing to do...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:03:11 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:03:11 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153335791.900511.163000@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Ed Jensen wrote:

> > where the compiler prevents you from accessing
> > private variables, but the runtime allows access to these very variables
> > via reflection?
>
> Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.

Yes it does. You can call setAccessible(true) on the Method object to
override the privateness.



From draghuram at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 12:55:14 2006
From: draghuram at gmail.com (draghuram at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 09:55:14 -0700
Subject: using logger module
In-Reply-To: <1923328.huKi1Cvd59@teancum>
References: <1923328.huKi1Cvd59@teancum>
Message-ID: <1153155314.102404.80430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Can you post exact code that you used?

Raghu.

David Bear wrote:
> I attempted to use the logger module per the instructions in
> http://docs.python.org/lib/minimal-example.html
>
> I tried a couple of differnet levels. Nothing appeared in any logs. Has this
> module been tested with syslog-ng? That is what is packaged with suse and I
> am wondering if it is a version problem with the syslog server.
>
> I am using python 2.4 -- on a 2.6.11.4-xx kernel. (suse 9.3)
> --
> David Bear
> -- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --



From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 06:09:22 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 03:09:22 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1154081362.159441.163690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Unfortunately, I don't see a way
> to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make
> much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside.

Documentation. (And name-mangling, underscore prepending, all the stuff
the others said.) Whenever I use a 3rd party library, I consult the
docs to see how it works and which functions do what. The interface is
what is published and the implementation is what you find if you dig
around in the module. Yes, there's little in the way of run-time
enforcement of this divide. But that's because Python gives you other
benefits that come from run-time assignment and re-assignment of
attributes. It's a common and powerful idiom that you find in several
languages, especially that are wholly or partially prototype-based,
such as Javascript.

> Unfortunately, it seems to be taking unnecessary risk. I was
> hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety, but
> I don't hear much.

I think the main issue is that tracking whether an attribute is public
or private and whether an accessing scope is allowed to access it would
impose a burden on the language developers, extra typing for users, and
a run-time performance penalty, in the pursuit of some degree of
'safety' that isn't universally agreed to be useful. With this in mind,
the name-mangling approach is a very reasonable middle ground. Every
language has a philosophy and Python's differs from that of (for
example) Java. It may not be suitable for large teams of mediocre
programmers who require the compiler to keep them in line, but might
produce better results than Java in other circumstances.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 20:54:23 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 17:54:23 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152837786.481378.101580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152838463.916883.272420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Justin  Azoff wrote:
> >>> from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
> >>> html='<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">'
> >>> page=BeautifulSoup(html)
> >>> page.link.get('href')
> 'mystylesheet.css'

On second thought, you will probably want something like
>>> [link.get('href') for link in page.fetch('link',{'type':'text/css'})]
['mystylesheet.css']

which will properly handle multiple link tags.

-- 
- Justin



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:31:26 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:31:26 +0200
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <e9secb$drg$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9secb$drg$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c27b63$0$6511$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
> In message <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list at python.org>,
> davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:
> 
> 
>>  b) give up on using an anonymous function and create a named "successor"
>>  function with "def",
> 
> 
> This is what you have to do.

Not necessarily.

map(lambda x, one=1: one + x, range(42))

> For some reason mr van Rossum has this aversion
> to anonymous functions, and tries to cripple them as much as possible.

For some reasons, including the fact that Python is statement based and 
have significative indentation, it's actually not trivial to come with a 
better syntax for lambdas. The horse has been beaten to hell and back, 
and no one managed to propose anything worth implementing so far. But if 
you have the solution to this problem, please share...


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Tue Jul 18 14:51:14 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:51:14 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net><mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e9jaj3$nmn$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> On 2006-07-17, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>>  Or, whether docs (and reasonable interpretation thereof) and
>> implementation match, which I claim they do it this case.

The claim, in reference to the CPython implementation, that you refer to 
below.

> Well this dispute seems to boil down what is and what is not
> involved in evaluating a target,

Yes, and that is interpreter/implementation dependent.

> and I have come to doubt that
> target evaluation is even a meaningfull concept in python,

Abstractly, it is whatever the interpreter does before it actually attaches 
an object to the name or slot.  Again, the details are interpreter 
dependent.

> so maybe in order that I can understand how you come to that claim,

I looked at the CPython bytecode and saw that for augmented assigment, it 
saved on the stack the internal information it needed for get and set 
instead of recalculating it after the operation.  This is what I expected 
and what I think the docs imply.

> can you explain what a target evaluates to?

The internal information the interpreter needs to do the assignment 
(binding).

> So in a statement like
>  col['t'] = exp
> What is the evaluation of col['t']?

Try some personal introspection.  When you act as a Python interpreter, 
what do you do?

> So I think one should take extra care in the language reference to
> write in a way that is as clear as possible. IMO there is room for
> improvement in the augmented assignment part.

I already agreed.  I might someday suggest a change.

Terry Jan Reedy





From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 18:31:25 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:31:25 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.04.52.320820@gmx.net>
	<ti9zg.1555$W93.1057@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.37.43.207698@gmx.net>
	<XI9zg.1560$W93.1194@dukeread05>
	<u1cqc2djq696h266gd35p147m4ff8dfecq@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <mtazg.1569$W93.617@dukeread05>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> On Sun, 30 Jul 2006 16:39:47 -0500, Philippe Martin
> <pmartin at snakecard.com> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
>> 
>> My apologies, I clearly made a mistake with my calculator, yes the
>> resulting array I would need is [0xb,0xc,0x6,0x1,0x4,0xe]
>>
> Take note that this is NOT a BCD form for "12345678". BCD (typically
> packed) uses four bits per decimal digit. That would make "12345678" =>
> 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78 (ignoring matters of big/little end).
> 
> The binary representation of 12345678, in bytes, is 0xBC, 0x61, 0x4E
> 
> 0xb, 0xc... is really 0x0B, 0x0C... 8-bits per byte, with MSB set to
> 0000.
> 
> Compare:
> BCD   00010010 00110100 01010110 01111000
> binary        10111100 01100001 01001110
> your  00001011 00001100 00000110 00000001 00000100 00001110
> --
> Wulfraed      Dennis Lee Bieber               KD6MOG
> wlfraed at ix.netcom.com         wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> (Bestiaria Support Staff:             web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/
Yes I realized that after writing it.

Regards,

Philippe



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 20:51:37 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:51:37 -0500
Subject: replacing single line of text
In-Reply-To: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CAB119.2060606@tim.thechases.com>

> I want to be able to replace a single line in a large text file
> (several hundred MB). Using the cookbook's method (below) works but I
> think the replace fxn chokes on such a large chunk of text. For now, I
> simply want to replace the 1st line (CSV header) in the file but I'd
> also like to know a more general solution for any line in the file.
> There's got a be quick and dirty (and cheap) way to do this... any
> help?
> 
> Cookbook's method:
> output_file.write(input_file.read().replace(stext, rtext))

The read() method slurps the entire file into memory...bad in the 
case you describe.

What you want is to process the file as a stream:

first = True
out = file("out.txt", "w")
for line in file("foo.txt"):
	if first:
		out.write(line.replace(stext, rtext))
		first = False
	else:
		out.write(line)


If you're using an older version of Python, I don't know if 
file() returns an iterator, so you might have to do something like

	for line in file("foo.txt").xreadlines():

which I understand is the same sort of thing.  I don't know the 
history of this too well--others on the list are likely better 
versed in such peculariaties.

Or, for those *nix wonks in the crowd (self included), sed will 
do the trick nicely:

	sed '1s/stext/rtext/' foo.txt > out.txt

Just a few ideas,

-tkc





From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sat Jul 29 06:51:22 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 03:51:22 -0700
Subject: metaclass : parse all class once before doing anything else ?
In-Reply-To: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
References: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <1154170282.597521.17560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Laurent Rahuel wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a much to smart problem for my brain.
>
> Here is the deal :
>
> I got a metaclass named Foo
>
> Then I got two others classes:
>
> class Bar(Foo):
>         pass
>
> class Baz(Foo):
>         pass
>
> I know how to add some attrs, methods to Bar and Baz when the module is
> loaded but I need to do something more :
>
> Before adding anything to these classes,
> 1 - I need to parse all defined Foo classes
> 2 - "sort" them
> 3 - parse this sorted list to add attrs and methods.
>
> This seems to be really to clever for me ;-(
>
> Any idea ?
>
> Regards,
>
> Laurent.

I, like Diez am unsure of why you would need what you have asked for,
but maybe this will help.

You can keep  track of all instances of a class by this kind of thing:

>>> class C1(object):
... 	inst = []
... 	def __init__(self):
... 		self.inst.append(self)
...
>>> i1 = C1()
>>> i2 = C1()
>>> print i1,i2
<__main__.C1 object at 0x0128C970> <__main__.C1 object at 0x0128CA50>
>>> print C1.inst
[<__main__.C1 object at 0x0128C970>, <__main__.C1 object at
0x0128CA50>]
>>>



From 65danix85 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 20:49:31 2006
From: 65danix85 at gmail.com (dammix)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 17:49:31 -0700
Subject: I need some help
Message-ID: <1152665371.509962.235710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

hello,
I'm completely a newbye, I've started studying python since 3 weeks and
now I need to write a small program that reads the id3 tags from the
mp3 contained inside a cd, and then print them into a simple text file,
I hope it's possible to do this, and I hope you can help me too.

thanks alot and sorry for my bad english but I'm italian


Dany



From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 03:31:10 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 00:31:10 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
In-Reply-To: <1152060536.562894.57870@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152060536.562894.57870@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152084670.795427.267390@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

Thanks for the advise. Am trying to play around with InfoCon, part of
from Dspace project. It does file conversions. But it is written in
java and uses open office plugin.

Regards,
Gaurav Agarwal

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> I suspect you will have to process those formats separately. But the
> good news, at least for doc files, is that there is a script in the
> Python Cookbook 2Ed that does what you want for MS Word docs and
> another script that does it for Open Office docs.
>
> The scripts are 2.26 and 2.27 pages 101-102.
>
> I think you can probably find them at the ActiveState repository also.
>
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/279003
>
> In the book, the title of the script is "Extracting Text from Microsoft
> Word Documents"
>
> It uses PyWin32 extension and COM to perform the conversion.
> 
> rd



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 14 09:22:09 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:22:09 +0100
Subject: How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on
	a web   page?
In-Reply-To: <e8i9s8$81j$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <977252d80607052035h6c88dd9ag5aa2db9612190f67@mail.gmail.com>
	<e8i9s8$81j$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e985pv$ob0$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> ??? wrote:
> 
> 
>>How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on a web page?
> 
> 
> that sounds like a JavaScript question, doesn't it?  so what is it doing 
> on comp.lang.python ?
> 
> </F>
> 
Questions nowadays have no idea which groups they belong to. When *I* 
was a lad questions had to know their place. A question that appeared in 
the wrong group would be torched with flames that could be guaranteed to 
burn through asbestos. But you tell these young people and they just 
don't believe you.

A Yorkshireman
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Thu Jul 20 17:10:21 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 14:10:21 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>danielx wrote:
>
> (snip)
> >>>which gets me thinking again about
> >>>the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> >>>and unexpected in my case,
> >>
> >>"unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
> >>passed as first arg when doing method calls ?
> >
> >
> > Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
> > motivated me to post.
>
> !-)
>
> Ok, so now you have to read about descriptors, __getattribute__ and
> __setattr__.
>
> >
> >>>why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> >>>privates?
> >>
> >>What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
> >>restriction ?
> >
> >
> > I knew someone would bring this up.
>
> Indeed.
>
> > The motivation would not be to
> > provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
> > for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
> > help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
> > side the stuff they should not?
> >
> > Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> > learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> > virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> > (I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> > interactive Python.
>
> ...and source code...

*shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?

>
> > This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
> > hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
> > when he really shouldn't.
>
> Single leading underscore means "implementation, don't touch or you're
> on your own".

I'll remember that. I had forgotten what the convention was for
labeling things "do not touch".

>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From iane at sussex.ac.uk  Wed Jul  5 06:19:32 2006
From: iane at sussex.ac.uk (Ian Eiloart)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:19:32 +0100
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <5F9167F185C38011D2066E27@lewes.staff.uscs.susx.ac.uk>



> * Need to convert rfc8222 to xml/html
>
> I haven't found anything substantial via searching. My next step is to
> go spelunking in MailManager code and other python-webmail packages. If
> anyone knows good trees in this forest, please clue me in.
>

Do you mean 2822? or 822? 8222 doesn't exist. Any particular part of it? 
Addresses? Headers? Whole messages?

-- 
Ian Eiloart
IT Services, University of Sussex


From shane at hathawaymix.org  Fri Jul  7 11:16:10 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 09:16:10 -0600
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <312cfe2b0607070809p6ff6bf1araadb631fa7b4d9af@mail.gmail.com>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>	
	<44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>
	<312cfe2b0607070809p6ff6bf1araadb631fa7b4d9af@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44AE7ABA.50409@hathawaymix.org>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> Are there security issues too?  Would you remove potentially harmful
> Python libraries for the plugin, not allow system calls, etc?  Would
> you only allow file system access in one area?

Ah, so you also want to distribute untrusted Python code.  That's fairly
hard.  There's a discussion about it on Python-Dev right now.

> I guess you'd just copy however Java applets work?  But run faster ;-)

More or less.

Shane



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 07:37:18 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 13:37:18 +0200
Subject: Problem with readlines() and uml
In-Reply-To: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c753ef$0$21643$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

wscrsurfdude wrote:
> Ik have an uml file 

What is an "uml file" ?

> I want to read with readlines. I have the following
> code:
> infile = open("out2.txt","r")
> for line in infile.readlines():
>     print line
> 
> The print statement just gives the data,

You get what can be read from the file when opened as a text file and
read line by line. Be sure that neither file.readlines() nor print won't
invent data that are not in the file.

> not the uml headings. Is there
> a solution which also gives the uml headings.

If they're not in the file, obviously, no - whatever "uml heading" might
be.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From tksri2000 at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 29 20:34:45 2006
From: tksri2000 at yahoo.com (tksri2000)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 17:34:45 -0700
Subject: python and JMS
Message-ID: <1154219685.571985.221730@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I am looking to use python to talk to JMS. Can some please point me to
such resources if this is possible.

Sri



From madpython at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 15:44:36 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 12:44:36 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
In-Reply-To: <1hhud5m.1n6n5uoep75w7N%aleax@mac.com>
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6b411$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151829129.546482.314730@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1hhud5m.1n6n5uoep75w7N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1151869476.934729.250560@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks, Alex, again. The lesson has been taught. I appreciate very much
you spent time trying to help. Indeed the culprit of that infrequent
infinite loops was that bound reference "item" in the printing
loop. But frankly i thought that it only existed inside that loop.
Apparently I was wrong and glad that it was revealed.
I guess unless there is something  to add here the problem is solved
and subject is closed. Thanks everyone who took their time to ponder on
it. I hope it was as much educational for you as it was for me.



From bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com  Tue Jul 18 08:34:46 2006
From: bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com (Bill Scherer)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:34:46 -0400
Subject: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?
In-Reply-To: <NYOBGCEXSMTP21KJxOA0001a8ce@nyobgcexsmtp21.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
References: <NYOBGCEXSMTP21KJxOA0001a8ce@nyobgcexsmtp21.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
Message-ID: <44BCD566.1080202@verizonwireless.com>

Jeremy Winters wrote:

> All the stuff I've found personally are security patches for python 
> 1.5.2... which seems to be baked into the OS.
>
> I don't choose to use this OS... it is mandated by our IT dept.  I 
> have no complaints other than this...
>
> Is there nobody in pythonland who has installed python 2.2 or higher 
> on this OS?
>
> Anybody?

Sure. Python2.4 builds just fine on RHEL2.1:

# uname -r
2.4.9-e.65enterprise
# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Linux Advanced Server release 2.1AS (Pensacola)
# python2.4
Python 2.4.2 (#1, Nov  3 2005, 08:53:49)
[GCC 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.2 2.96-129.7.2)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>>


The system installed python1.5 is prefixed to /usr. By default, 
./configure for python will prefix to /usr/local. You should (assuming 
you have the proper development tools installed) be able to just 
./configure; make; make install (assuming you have the proper 
permissions). They can coexist just fine.

- Bill

>
> Jeremy
>
>
>
>     From: Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com>
>     To: python-list at python.org
>     Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:20:21 +0200
>     Subject: Re: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?
>
>     Jeremy Winters wrote:
>
>     > Installable package?
>     >
>     > Any ideas?
>
>     is RedHat no longer providing pre-built packages for their
>     distributions ?
>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Talk is cheap. Use Yahoo! Messenger to make PC-to-Phone calls. Great 
> rates starting at 1?/min. 
> <http://us.rd.yahoo.com/mail_us/taglines/postman7/*http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=39666/*http://messenger.yahoo.com>



From luismgz at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 19:37:22 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 16:37:22 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <1152025758.451448.69410@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7760.1152006161.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152025758.451448.69410@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152056242.514318.169230@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Pypy aims to become (probably sometime next year) a strong candidate to
replace cpython as the main python implementation.
Its goals are very ambicious and one of them is making it fast.
Some of its developers even think it can get as fast as C, although I
think that if it can get as fast as java, it would be great.

Its other goal is making it flexible and easier to develop and mantain.

Note that the project already produced a tool for writing extensions in
rpython that are, in theory, as fast a C extensions. So we can say that
in some way, the speed goal is already achieved.

Luis



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:46:13 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:46:13 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8270.1153174275.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<1153173174.104848.271260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8270.1153174275.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153179973.640661.238570@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> pavlovevidence at gmail.com wrote:
> >
> > f = open("/path/to/data/directory/lockfile","r")
> > try:
> >     fcntl.flock(f.fileno(),fcntl.LOCK_EX)
> >     ...access data freely here...
> > finally:
> >     f.close()
> >
> > Closing the file should release the lock (unless you have a truly
> > horrible operating system).
> >
> >
> I also find that fcntl has problems with NFS (or at least, *I* had
> problems using the python fcntl module and nfs - could be that horrible
> operating system, but doing things like that over nfs can be tricky).

Ah, that's a tough one.

Apparently, you could lock files on NFS if both the client OS and NFS
server are up to the task (i.e., sufficiently recent), but good luck
getting that to fly.  And, with NFS, even some of the seemingly
foolproof methods like "lock directories" aren't necessarily going to
work.  Cross your fingers and hope you have a solid NFS server and
well-behaved clients.


Carl Banks



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 03:07:24 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 00:07:24 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
Message-ID: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
similar circumstances.

The documentation: http://docs.python.org/ref/naming.html does not give
me enough info to determine why the difference exists as it does not
seem to mention types at all..

The code:

===== scope_and_type.py =======
m = 0
n = [0]

def int_access0():
    m = m + 1
    return m
def int_access1():
    m += 1
    return m
def list_access0():
    n[0] = n[0] + 1
    return n
def list_access1():
    n[0] += 1
    return n

try:
    print "\nint_access0:", int_access0()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
    print " ERROR:\n", inst
try:
    print "\nint_access1:", int_access1()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
    print " ERROR:\n", inst
try:
    print "\nlist_access0:", list_access0()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
    print " ERROR:\n", inst
try:
    print "\nlist_access1:", list_access1()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
    print " ERROR:\n", inst


print "\n (m,n) = ", (m,n)


p = (0,)
def tuple_access():
    return p[0]
try:
    print "\ntuple_acces:", tuple_access()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
    print " ERROR:\n", inst
print "\n p = ", p

===== END scope_and_type.py =======

The output:
>>>
int_access0:  ERROR:
local variable 'm' referenced before assignment

int_access1:  ERROR:
local variable 'm' referenced before assignment

list_access0: [1]

list_access1: [2]

 (m,n) =  (0, [2])

tuple_acces: 0

 p =  (0,)
>>>



From taleinat at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 12:39:54 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:39:54 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Exercises for dive into python
References: <1153748196.7439.5.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <loom.20060724T182806-862@post.gmane.org>

Ben Edwards (lists <lists <at> videonetwork.org> writes:

> 
> Have been working through Dive Into Python which is excellent.  My only
> problem is that there are not exercises.  I find exercises are a great
> way of helping stuff sink in and verifying my learning.  Has anyone done
> such a thing?
> 
> Ben
> 


I recently gave a Python crash-course in my company, and ran into the same
problem. There are many good Python tutorials, manuals, references etc., most
are accompannied by various code examples, but there are very few exercises. I
had a hard time collecting and inventing a few good exercises, about 12 in all.

There are probably some good exercises out there, but they seem to be relatviely
hard to find. Maybe they should be collected and organized at Python.org?

I think building a large collection of good Python exercises could help both
those teaching Python and those learning it. Also, gathering a set of Python
exercises for those learning general programming concepts (variables, functions,
object-oriented, etc.) could help spread the use of Python for teaching
programming.

- Tal



From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:44:17 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:44:17 +0100
Subject: Progress Bars in python
In-Reply-To: <368a5cd50607120603r316db6f7ub4ac2d8866cb50df@mail.gmail.com>
References: <44B4D1B6.5040508@gmail.com> <e92k46$i5l$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<d77b42b30607120420v3d77aad1k7166f37ec255e596@mail.gmail.com>
	<368a5cd50607120603r316db6f7ub4ac2d8866cb50df@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <d77b42b30607120744u473ca67jb3db873d13c1949d@mail.gmail.com>

On 12/07/06, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
>
> > If the output of the script is sent to a logfile, this tends to puke all
> > over the logfile... creating one additional entry per iteration, but
> it's a
> > good start and I'll look at that link which looks very promising.
>
> there's no way to do this without sending more stuff to stdout than you
> see; however, it's easy to *disable* the spinner if you're redirecting the
> output.  hint:
>
> $ python -c "import sys; print sys.stdout.isatty()"
> True
> $ python -c "import sys; print sys.stdout.isatty()" >out
> $ more out
> False
>
> </F>
>


Thanks, that will do nicely. It will be sufficient to do this testing using
isatty() and have the progress bar or spinner.

-h
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From piet at cs.uu.nl  Sun Jul  9 09:28:42 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:28:42 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneasilo.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2bqs1ow5r.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb01b5.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2ejwuoqk5.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> It is conceptually different. In the line 'a = b' you don't need to
>AP> search for the scope of a. You know it is the current scope, if you

Except when it has been declared global.

>AP> want to know the scope of b on the other hand, you need to search
>AP> for statement where it is assigned to.

>AP> Sure you can set things up in the interpreter so that the same search
>AP> routine is used, but that is IMO an implementation detail.

>>> Well, it is not. But I can understand the
>>> confusion. Namely, `a = b' introduces a binding for `a' in the local scope,
>>> unless `a' was declared global. So the search will find `a' in the local
>>> scope and it stops there. On the other hand `a.b = c' will not introduce a
>>> binding for `a'. So the search for `a' may stop in the local space (if
>>> there was another binding for `a' in the local scope) or it may need to
>>> continue to outer scopes. The difference, however is not the
>>> complicatedness of the lefthand side but whether the local scope contains a
>>> binding for the variable.

>AP> The complicatedness of the lefthand side, decided on whether the
>AP> variable was introduced in the local scope or not during startup
>AP> time. So that complicatedness decided whether the search was
>AP> to stop at the local level or not.

No, it doesn't. There could be another binding in the same scope. The
complicatedness of this particular assignment doesn't decide anything about
how to search for 'a', but rather the presence or absence of a binding
anywhere in the scope.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 10:45:41 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:45:41 +0200
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b50b16$0$29911$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:
> Lets say that I have an application consisting of 3 files. A main.py
> file, gui.py and a data.py which handles persistent data storage.
> Suppose data.py defines a class 'MyDB' which reads in data from a
> database, and main.py creates an instance of this object. How does code
> in gui.py access this object? 

Obviously, you need to pass whatever relevant to this code...

> Here's simplified pseudocode:
> 
> MAIN.PY
> import gui, data
> DataObject = data.MyDB(blah)
> 
> How do I write code in gui.py that can access DataObject? 

Passing DataObject to code in guy.py seems like a very straightforward
solution...

> Is this
> entirely the wrong way to approach this sort of problem?

> Actualy the problem is more complex because the GUI consists of a main
> GUI form, and panels defined as seperate objects in seperate files.
> Various panels will contain controlls for manipulating data in the
> DataObject, or wherever data storage end up.

Hmmm... Hard to tell without seeing the code (and I've not done GUI
programmer for a long time), but putting application logic in the GUI is
usually a bad idea IME.  Better to put the application logic in a
separate controler (that has a reference to the model -> here your
DataObject), and have the GUI part call on the controler.

> 
> Best regards,
> 
> Simon Hibbs
> (who strugles to get his head round this OOP stuff sometimes).

Well, actually one can do MVC without OO. It's more a matter of
separating concerns. Now I agree that it's not always obvious to know
for sure which part should be responsible for what...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From http  Thu Jul 27 03:14:54 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:14:54 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<mjlgc2tj38q9pg7pkokqe7es7jdoen1c09@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <7xk65z8qoh.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> writes:
> 	Ugh... Seems to me it would be better to find some Python library
> for SSH, something similar to telnetlib, rather than doing an
> os.system() per command line. EACH of those os.system() calls probably
> causes a full fork() operation on Linux/UNIX, and the equivalent on
> Windows (along with loading a command shell interpreter to handle the
> actual statement).

I think Carl is using Linux, so the awful overhead of process creation
in Windows doesn't apply.  Forking in Linux isn't that big a deal.
os.system() usually forks a shell, and the shell forks the actual
command, but even two forks per ssh is no big deal.  The Apache web
server usually runs with a few hundred processes, etc.  Carl, just how
many of these ssh's do you need active at once?  If it's a few hundred
or less, I just wouldn't worry about these optimizations you're asking
about.  


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 21:53:36 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 18:53:36 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152841415.165550.14590@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152841415.165550.14590@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152842016.793515.127420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>
> False not in logflags
>

Or, if your values aren't already bools

False not in (bool(n) for n in logflags)



Peace,
~Simon



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul  3 10:23:01 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 14:23:01 -0000
Subject: No error while sending via TCP Socket
References: <e82a11$4aa$1@online.de> <12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12aia256meiuk22@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-03, Ben Sizer <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:

>>> and give me a hint how to get an exception
>>
>> You can't -- unless you've enabled the keepalive option on the
>> TCP connection and you've waited the requisite time after the
>> cable is cut before sending your data (IIRC it takes a couple
>> hours for an idle TCP connection to time out because of a link
>> being down).
>>
>> TCP/IP is designed to be fault-tolerant.  Temporary breaks in
>> cables aren't supposed to cause failures.
>
> But surely a permanent break - which is what I believe was
> implied - means the data never arrives, which in turn means
> you never get an ack, and eventually the TCP connection should
> drop,

Correct.  But in the case described by the OP, he disconnects
the cable when there is no traffic.  Unless the keepalive
feature has been enabled, TCP won't detect the cable is broken
until some time _after_ the OP has written data to it [it won't
timeout until after the stack send and resends that data
repeatedly and doesn't get an ACK].  

There's no way the TCP stack can raise an exception when the
data is written, because the TCP stack hasn't yet discovered
that the link is dead.

> and Python should raise an exception. Right?

No.  The TCP connection timeout only changes the state of the
socket.  There's no way for the TCP stack to cause an exception
in a Python program until the Python program accesses the
socket again after the timeout has occurred.

You'll get an error when you try to write to the closed
connection or an EOF when you try to read from the closed
connection.

> I'm very used to connections dropping after much less than a
> minute because the host became unreachable or took too long to
> send a response.

You're talking about the case where there's un-ACKed data.
Breaking a link when there's no un-ACKed data (which is what
the OP did) will require an hour or two to timeout _iff_
keepalive is enabled.  If keepalive has not been enabled, a
broken connection with no un-ACKed data will never timeout.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  .. I must be a
                                  at               VETERINARIAN...
                               visi.com            


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 30 17:04:53 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 23:04:53 +0200
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.30.21.04.52.320820@gmx.net>

In <5S8zg.1553$W93.658 at dukeread05>, Philippe Martin wrote:

> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> 
> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
> system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.
> 
> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> l2 = func (l1)
> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687

def func(x):
    result = list(x)
    result[2:4] = [0xd]
    result[-1], result[-2] = result[-2], result[-1]
    return result

l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8]
l2 = func(l1)
print l2

And now please describe you problem a little better.  ;-)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 23:34:55 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 20:34:55 -0700
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
In-Reply-To: <RzVwg.55425$VE1.47671@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<RzVwg.55425$VE1.47671@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>
Message-ID: <1153712095.768585.7710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


James Stroud wrote:
> walterbyrd wrote:
> > This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
> > want to do is:
> > 1) count identical records in a cvs file
> > 2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
> > 3) open the new file in ms-excel
> >
> > For example, I will start with a file like:
> >
> > 1001
> > 1012
> > 1008
> > 1012
> > 1001
> > 1001
> >
> > and finish with a file like:
> >
> > 1001,3
> > 1008,1
> > 1012,2
> >
> > What I need to know:
> > 1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
> > file. Something like:
> > sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
> > also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.
>
> import os
> os.system('sort file1.txt > file2.txt')
>
> > 2) is there a function in python that will correctly load a csv file
> > into an excel spreadsheet,
> > and open that spreadsheet.
>
> What's with the excel files? You must be in industry. Excel opens csv
> files, no problem. In Mac OS X, you can do this:
>
>    os.system('open -a /Applications/Excel %s' % 'my_file.csv')
>
> It probably requires a nauseating journey through a bunch of hoops to do
> the equivalent in window$. But you haven't specified your operating
> system, so I optimistically assume a best-case (OS X) and not a
> worst-case (window$). If worst-case, I'm truly sorry for your misfortune.

Hey d00d, what's with the attit00d? All those $ signs? Do you get Excel
for free on Mac OS X or does your department pay for it?  Us 'doze
dummies w/o a big endowment like UCLA wouldn't/couldn't afford that.
Out here in the boonies we have to download the free stuff.

C:\junk>python
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import os
>>> os.system('"C:\Program Files\OpenOffice.org 2.0\program\scalc" foo.csv')
0
>>>

Look, d00d, no hoops.

>
> > 3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
> > for me to do this with a
> > multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the file, read a rec into
> > the array, if the next rec is the same then incr the count, otherwise
> > add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the array to a file?
> >
>
> Ah, a real question. Use a dict:
>
> if adict.has_key(some_key):

Hey, d00d, ask the department sysadmin to update your Python for you,
then you'll be able to use this:

    if some_key in adict:

>    adict[some_key] += 1
> else:
>    adict[some_key] = 1
>



From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 12:33:23 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 09:33:23 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.14.38.01.427061@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.38.01.427061@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152030803.023578.262020@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I am getting

TypeError: unsubscriptable object

when specifying

for line in reader[:7]:


Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700, Roman wrote:
>
> > I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> > the following snipet:
> >
> > When I run I get no result
>
> What do you mean? Does it print None?
>
> > cnt = 0
> > p=[]
> > reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
> >                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> > for line in reader:
> >     if cnt > 6:
> >        break
>
> That's a very unPythonic way of doing the job. The usual way of doing
> this would be something like this:
>
> for line in reader[:7]:
>     # no need for the "if cnt > 6: break" clause now
>
>
> >     for col in line:
> >        p[:0].append(str(col))
>
> p[:0] creates a new list, which has a string appended to it, and is then
> thrown away. What are you trying to do?
>
> If you are trying to insert the new entry at the beginning of the list,
> you probably want this:
> 
> p.insert(0, str(col))



From tyler.schlosser at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 22:14:29 2006
From: tyler.schlosser at gmail.com (tyler.schlosser at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 19:14:29 -0700
Subject: Launching multiple instances of a program with
	win32com.client.Dispatch?
Message-ID: <1152238469.455365.239520@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi there, I am trying to launch a program called AmiBroker using the
command:

AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")

However, I have a dual-core CPU and would like to launch two instances
of AmiBroker. I know it is possible to run two instances simultaneously
since it is easy to do manually by double-clicking the AmiBroker.exe
file twice. However, when I write two lines of code like this:

AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
AB2 = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")

and proceed to address these objects, they interfere with each other
since both AB and AB2 are "grabbing" the same instance of AmiBroker. If
I try to run two separate Python scripts, each one containing a
"win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")" comand, the same
problem happens (where even though the objects are named differently,
they do not each launch an instance of the program; the first one
launches it and the second one just "grabs" it).

Does anyone know how to force two separate program launches rather than
having both Dispatch commands access the same object? I would be
incredibly thankful to anyone who could offer some help with this.

Thank you very much,

Tyler



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 20 11:25:23 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 08:25:23 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> >
> > Well, range is a function in the current implementation, although its
> > usage is similar to that one would get if it were a class, particularly
> > a subclass of list or one providing a list-style interface. With such a
> > class, you could provide a __contains__ method which could answer the
> > question of what the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed
> > by a range (in contrast to a normal list).
>
> You'd also have to override just about every mutating method to switch
> back to a "normal" __contains__ (or change self's type on the fly) -- a
> pretty heavy price to pay.

A subclass of list is probably a bad idea in hindsight, due to various
probable requirements of it actually needing to be a list with all its
contents, whereas we wanted to avoid having anything like a list around
until the contents of this "lazy list" were required by the program. If
we really wanted to subclass something, we could consider subclassing
the slice class/type, but that isn't subclassable in today's Python for
some reason, and it doesn't really provide anything substantial,
anyway. However, Python being the language it is, an appropriately
behaving class is quite easily written from scratch.

Paul



From zutesmog at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 09:41:56 2006
From: zutesmog at gmail.com (zutesmog at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 06:41:56 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153921316.048663.162010@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


placid wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> example
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
>
> the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> so lets say the second list contains the following
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
>
> and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> available,
> i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> should only print XXX4 then return.
>
> for i in xrange(1,10):
>     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
>     str = "XXX" + numpart
>
>       for list1_elm in list1:
>           if list1_elm == str:
>                break
>           else:
>                for list2_elm in list2:
>                    if list2_elm == str:
>                       break
>                    else:
>                       print str
>                       return
>
> Cheer

Just a thought

I would probably use sets and see if the value that you are looking for
using the
union of the two lists. (Yes it won't scale to really big lists)
for instance if you do the following
set1 = set(list1)
set2 = set(list2)


you can then do a single check

if "XXX%d" % i not in set1.union(set2):  # or set1 | set2
     # do something

Rgds

Tim



From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Tue Jul 25 00:11:18 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 04:11:18 GMT
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
In-Reply-To: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <GRgxg.1262$Cn6.921@tornado.texas.rr.com>

myersoft at gmail.com wrote:

> I need my udp server to send an ACK back to the client when it
> successfully receives data from the client to let it know not to retry
> the send (yes, I do know this is how TCP works but must be in UDP)
> I am using this example code I found on the net for the server, I need
> to figure out how to get the ip and port that the client transmitted
> from and return an ack response. Any help would be greatly
> appreciated..........
> 
> from socket import *
> 
> # Set the socket parameters
> host = "localhost"
> port = 21567
> buf = 1024
> addr = (host,port)
> 
> # Create socket and bind to address
> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> UDPSock.bind(addr)
> 
> # Receive messages
> while 1:
> 	data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)

Um... There's the sender's address, right there,
per the documentation for recvfrom(), which you
seem to have read, since you know recvfrom()
returns a 2-item sequence.

No doubt you realized that seconds after hitting
"send".

-- JK


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 08:39:48 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:39:48 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
[...]
> My problem with the fact that python doesn't have some type of "thread
> killer" is that again, the only solution involves some type of polling
> loop.

A polliing loop is neither required nor helpful here.

[...]
> #Just pretend for the sake of arguement that 'op' actually means
> something and is a lengthy operation
> def func_to_thread():
>   os.system('op 1')
>   os.system('op 2')
>   os.system('op 3')

What good do you think killing that thread would do? The
process running 'op n' has no particular binding to the thread
that called os.system(). If 'op n' hangs, it stays hung.

The problem here is that os.system doesn't give you enough
control. It doesn't have a timeout and doesn't give you a
process ID or handle to the spawned process.

Running os.system() in multiple threads strikes me as
kind of whacked. Won't they all compete to read and write
stdin/stdout simultaneously?

> #In order to make this killable with reasonable response time we have to
> organize each of our ops into a function or something equally annoying
>
> op_1():
>   os.system('op 1')
>
> op_2():
>   os.system('op 2')
>
> op_3():
>   os.system('op 3')
>
> opList(op_1, op_2, op_3)
> def to_thread():
>   for op in opList:
>     checkMessageQueue()
>     op()

Nonsense. If op() hangs, you never get to checkMessageQueue().

Now suppose op has a timeout. We could write

  def opcheck(thing):
      result = op(thing)
      if result == there_was_a_timeout:
          raise some_timeout_exception

How is:

  def func_to_thread():
      opcheck('op 1')
      opcheck('op 2')
      opcheck('op 3')

any less managable than your version of func_to_thread?

> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
> way around this scenario?

Threadicide would not solve the problems you actually have, and it
tends to create other problems. What is the condition that makes
you want to kill the thread? Make the victim thread respond to that
condition itself.


-- 
--Bryan



From timothy at open-networks.net  Sat Jul 29 01:26:36 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:26:36 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44CAF18C.2080505@open-networks.net>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Sat, 29 Jul 2006 13:59:02 +1000, Timothy Smith
> <timothy at open-networks.net> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>   
>> and yes i've done quite a bit of googling, i never expected it to be 
>> this difficult. i've done work with serial ports before. never parallel but.
>>     
>
> 	Parallel gets ugly -- there are something like three different types
> of parallel port hardware, and they behave slightly differently (status
> bits, bidirectionality, etc.).
>
> http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0965081915/qid=1154149492/sr=2-1/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_1/002-3804298-8662433?s=books&v=glance&n=283155
>
> is MS-DOS/Windows biased, but may give hints...
>
>
> (a few years ago I had to program a W98 laptop to write 6 data pins --
> representing three rs-422 style balanced signals -- in response to a
> 1KHz clock signal coming in on another pin... I had it working, but
> couldn't get rid of every last W98 OS interrupt, such that I had a 1-3
> clock length skip about every 700 clocks)
>   
i think fcntl is what i'm after, although i've never done any system 
level stuff like this before so it's a learning curve for me.
right now i'm attempting to use it like so and getting the following error.

 >>> fd = open('/dev/ppi0','w')
 >>> fcntl.ioctl(fd.fileno(),'PPISCTRL',10000000)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: an integer is required

i guess i'm failing to properly define the int i need for the 8byte 
value ineed to send the port to set pins high /low




From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 08:35:16 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:35:16 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Frank Millman a ?crit :
> Paddy wrote:
> 
>>Hi,
>>I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
>>int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
>>explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
>>similar circumstances.
>>
> 
> 
> There has just been a long thread about this. I think I understand it
> now. Here is my explanation.
> 
> Ignoring nested scopes for this exercise, references to objects (i.e.
> variable names) can exist in the local namespace or the global
> namespace. Python looks in the local namespace first, and if not found
> looks in the global namespace.
> 
> Any name assigned to within the function is automatically deemed to
> exist in the local namespace, unless overridden with the global
> statement.

And this even of the local bindings sequentially comes after another 
access to the name, ie:

g = 0

def fun():
   x = g # UnboundLocalError here
   g += 1
   return x

> With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
> deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
> get Unbound Local Error.

Right

> With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to,
Right

>  as it
> is mutable. 

n is effectively mutable, but this is totally irrelevant. In your 
snippet, n is not 'assigned to', it's "mutated" (ie a state-modifying 
method is called). The snippet:

n[0] = n[0] + 1

is syntactic sugar for

n.__setitem__(0, n.__getitem__(0) + 1)

IOW, it's just method calls on n.



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 01:56:16 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 22:56:16 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hey Steve,

Yes, I agree with you. The lack of checking can get confusing fast.
It's not about typing without errors. Regardless of how you train as
long as you're human you WILL make typos.

Also having to check whether a name has already existed can be a major
pain in the butt with Python. With Java you always know when a name has
already existed, and what type is bound to the name. I consider this to
be a Good Thing (tm).

Regarding the lack of privacy, I actually like the C++ way of doing it.
Privacy is there, but you have the choice to break it (using "friend")
if you want/need to. C++ doesn't make it easy for you to do it
inadvertently, like you described in the example.

The argument against this is that since development with Python is so
rapid, you're supposed to always equip your code with extensive unit
tests. I like Python but I've never really bought that argument--I
guess I've been doing Java too long :)

Cheers
Ray


Steve Jobless wrote:
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> >
> > Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
> > > The first case can be just a typo, like:
> > >
> > >   x.valeu = 5
> > >
> > > I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
> > > would be unreadable :).
> >
> > Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
> > errors can be trained.
>
> I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
> like this? (No, not really. But...)
>
> >
> > > The second case can be like:
> > >
> > >   x.next = y
> > >   y.next = None
> > >
> > > to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
> > > overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
> >
> > You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
> > checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
> > everything in life.
>
> Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
> decent Python knowledge would do that.
> But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
> anyone using name xxx?" The class may be used by  developers I don't
> even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...
>
> >
> > > If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
> > > someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
> > > horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
> > > with.
> >
> > Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
> > writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
> > People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.
>
> I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
> another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...
>
>
> Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:
>
> What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
> (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
> have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
> But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
> or over-ride functions.
> 
> SJ



From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 03:31:07 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:01:07 +0530
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
In-Reply-To: <55508.10.209.4.2.1152159791.squirrel@10.105.1.3>
References: <55508.10.209.4.2.1152159791.squirrel@10.105.1.3>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607060031u599ad2dbkb708fd8b9250069@mail.gmail.com>

> On 7/6/06, Girish Sahani <girish at cse.iitb.ac.in> wrote:
>  Thus, for the above list, my output should be:
>   [['a.1','b.3','c.2'],['a.1','b.4','c.2']]
>  Another example: Let l = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']. Then
> output should be [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
> ['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],[['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3']
>
>  Can anyone suggest me a time-efficient method for doing this??

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
x = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']
d = {}
for y in x:
        l = d.get(y.split('.')[0], [])
        l.append(y)
        d[y.split('.')[0]] = l

output = [[]]

for l in d.values():
        dfdf = output[:]
        ## ugly hack to work around references +
        for i in range(len(l)-1):
                for j in dfdf:
                        k = j[:]
                        output.append(k)
        # hack -
        for i in range(0, len(l)):
                for l1 in
output[i*len(output)/len(l):((i+1)*len(output)/len(l))]:
                        l1.append(l[i])

print output

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hope that helps !

cheers,
amit.


> hello ppl,
>
>   Consider a list like ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2']. Here 'a','b','c' are
> objects and 1,3,4,2 are their instance ids and they are unique e.g. a.1
> and b.1 cannot exist together. From this list i want to generate
> multiple lists such that each list must have one and only one instance of
> every object.
>  Thus, for the above list, my output should be:
>   [['a.1','b.3','c.2'],['a.1','b.4','c.2']]
>  Another example: Let l = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']. Then
> output should be [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
> ['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],[['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3']
>
>  Can anyone suggest me a time-efficient method for doing this??
>
> TIA,
> girish
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:49:29 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:49:29 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set
	[withPython3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <7x64ifdyu5.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.7715.1151902843.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x64ifdyu5.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1151920169.282305.104230@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

You bring up a good point.  the "for x in d:" notation is a relativly
new construction, "for x in d.keys()" is much older.  Some of the value
of d.keys() goes away because we have this new construction, but
there's some reasons to keep it around:
1. Consitency.  You can get the values, you can get the (key, value)
pairs.  it'd be odd not to be able to get the keys
2. Choices.  if d.keys() is a FAST operation, then you can then use
that to create any structure you want.  For example, if you want a set,
  set(d.keys()) only requires you to create a set.  If d.keys() created
an independant list, python would first need to create a list, then
create a set.
Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Delaney, Timothy (Tim)" <tdelaney at avaya.com> writes:
> > If you want an independent data set, you have to take a snapshot. For
> > the above, that's doing:
> >
> >     k0 = list(d.keys())
>
> I don't understand.  Why have .keys() at all, if it doesn't get you
> an independent data set?  If all you want is to iterate through the
> dict, you can already do that:
> 
>   for k in d: ....



From eugene at boardkulture.com  Thu Jul  6 16:13:28 2006
From: eugene at boardkulture.com (3KWA)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:13:28 -0700
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152216808.735937.127600@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> attempted this?

Not a plugin but at Europython the PyPy crew presented the Javascript
backend  of PyPy which transforms-converts a python program into a
Javascript application (not sure I understood it all so ...). They
showed us a Javascript version of the Bub-n-Bros game (written using
pyGame). Pretty cool is you ask me.

EuGeNe



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 00:41:24 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:41:24 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153888884.542416.253740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> placid wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> > example
> >
> > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
> >
> > the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> > so lets say the second list contains the following
> >
> > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
> >
> > and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> > available,
> > i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> > should only print XXX4 then return.
> >
> > for i in xrange(1,10):
> >     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
> >     str = "XXX" + numpart
> >
> >       for list1_elm in list1:
> >           if list1_elm == str:
> >                break
> >           else:
> >                for list2_elm in list2:
> >                    if list2_elm == str:
> >                       break
> >                    else:
> >                       print str
> >                       return
> >
> > Cheer
>
> Well first off, don't use 'str' for a variable name.
>
> Second, "%04i" % i creates a string, don't call str() on it.
>
> Third, str(1) will always be "1" so just add that to your format string
> already "1%04i" % i
>

thanks for the tips

> (And if the "XXX" part is also constant then add that too: "XXX1%04i" %
> i)
>
> Finally, you can say:
>
> for i in xrange(1,10):
>     s = "XXX1%04i" % i
>     if s not in list1 and s not in list2:
>         print s
>

But there may be other characters before XXX (which XXX is constant). A
better example would be, that string s is like a file name and the
characters before it are the absolute path, where the strings in the
first list can have a different absolute path then the second list
entries. But the filenames are always exact. So you need to split the
entries bases on "\\" (windows machine) and match on this ?


Cheers



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 09:42:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:42:57 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com> <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Boris Borcic wrote:
>> Do you have any ideas?
> 
> 
> you could use a recursive generator, like
> 
> def genAllChildren(self) :
>     for child in self.children :
>         yield child
>         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
>             yield childchild


Or how to *not* address the real problem...

Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 15 20:09:09 2006
From: adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com (adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 17:09:09 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
In-Reply-To: <1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> Phil Thompson wrote:

> > For Qt4 use the binary installer from...
> >
> > http://www.trolltech.com/developer/downloads/qt/windows
> >
> > For PyQt4 use the binary installer from...
> >
> > http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/download.php
>
> Ah thanks, I'm a dork. Why didn't I see that before <mutter>?

Waitaminute, didn't you write it? Oh dear.

I've got another problem, I'm afraid - I've installed Qt 4.1.4 and PyQt
GPL v4.0 over Python 2.4, and the demos for both run happily enough,
but when I try to run the first example (in IDLE) from Boudewijn
Rempt's GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition I just get
"ImportError: No module named qt". Is there something I need to add to
my sys.path here?

Sorry to bother you with the newbie questions.



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul 24 03:47:14 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:47:14 +1200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>	<44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<mailman.8441.1153723298.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea1tso$coh$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <mailman.8441.1153723298.27775.python-list at python.org>, Steve
Holden wrote:

> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In message <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
>> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
>>>
>>>
>>>>If you're calling a number of different routines in
>>>>the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
>>>>sense to only pass it once.
>>>
>>>Actually they are not "passed".
>> 
>> 
>> I think I'm going to plonk you.
> 
> And the rest of comp.lang.python has to know about this because ... ?

Some of them might be worth plonking as well?


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 19:50:41 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:50:41 -0700
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8580.1153939983.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8580.1153939983.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153957841.462992.95410@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Hello:
>
>   For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> computer.
>   For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
> byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
> byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
> byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000

Errrmmm ... I think you need the right shift operator e.g.
 byte4 = (int_val & 0xFF000000) >> 24
but assert 0 <= byte4 <= 255 may fail under some circumstances
so (better):
 byte4 = (int_val >> 24) & 0xFF
# absolutely guaranteed to pass that assertion

BUT why muck around with all that when you can use struct.pack???



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Thu Jul 13 09:16:32 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:16:32 +0200
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <mailman.8064.1152699102.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <m2d5c9y79r.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> "Kerry, Richard" <richard.kerry at siemens.com> (KR) wrote:

>KR> The hash is not expected to be unique, it just provides a starting point
>KR> for another search (usually linear ?).  

>KR> See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function

That only contains a definition of a hash function. I know what a hash
function is. But the OP wanted to use the hash as a unique key.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Tue Jul 25 06:49:35 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:49:35 +0200
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <1153794787.821867.84760@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<mailman.8485.1153765551.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153794787.821867.84760@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607251249.36118.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

On Tuesday 25 July 2006 04:33, hanumizzle at gmail.com wrote:
> > Web programming is all about stdin & stdout. Recommanded practice
> > before going further.
>
> It's actually a little more (at least as far as CGI is concerned)...it
> bears some level of abstraction, namely, a decent CGI lib.

Do you mean CGI is not about standard input.
In other words CGI is GUI programming? Oh probably.


From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 24 12:30:30 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 09:30:30 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
Message-ID: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hello there, all.

i have a difficult app that connects to a server to get information for
our database here.
this server is our access point to some equipment in the field that we
monitor.

the messages come in over a socket connection. And according to their
(very limited) documentation, are set up in a particular order. like
this

STX [length indicator] [message type] [message body] ENX

length indicator = length of the message body in 4 bytes
message type = the code for what type of message is being sent
   for example 200 = login
message body = the actual command to send to the server

STX and ENX are the values assigned to start and stop a message.
they are literally 'STX' and 'ENX'


when i capture a message i can print it to the screen and the 'STX' at
the beginning and the 'ENX' at the end are discernable, but the rest of
the message looks like this..

\x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00   and so on and so forth...
with some commas and other symbols in there. (the e before the 17758
has a little hat on it)
 If i print it out to a text file, i get this...
STXNULNULNULea17758NULLNULL etc..

now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
real values out of this message.

anyone have an idea where to start? i have experimented with struct,
but do not know enough about it. Does anyone know a good tutorial about
learning byte codes and such. The docs on pythons website explain the
module well, but i still do not know what to do with it. Or how to
generate a message or pull apart these values to get a message out of
what the server sends us. 

thanks
sk



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Mon Jul 31 10:43:09 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:43:09 GMT
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154351781.839601.250070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns98119F5FFCDC5duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

metaperl wrote:
> The reason I'm going with vmware is because I'm afraid that I will need
> to compile a C portiion of a Python module and that will not be a
> pretty picture under Windows... true or false?
> 
Provided you have the correct compilers installed it is no harder compiling 
C extensions under Windows than under Linux. The problem is getting the 
correct toolchain installed. You could try the instructions in section A of 
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyrexOnWindows

You only need to follow section B of that document if you want to use 
Pyrex, but if you are planning on writing C extensions I strongly recommend 
using Pyrex. Also, these days, you can use ctypes for many cases where you 
used to have to compile a C extension.


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 12:08:13 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 09:08:13 -0700
Subject: New release of Diet Python (Beta 0.2)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8661.1154094027.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8661.1154094027.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154102893.286444.82360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


david_wahler at bic.ky wrote:
> I'll be out of the office until approximately August 20th. If you have any questions, please email support at bic.ky.
> 
> -- David Wahler

What the heck is this???

The Eternal Squire



From ianare at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 00:24:25 2006
From: ianare at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?B?aWFuYXLp?=)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 21:24:25 -0700
Subject: weird error messages on application exit
In-Reply-To: <1152021724.456275.217470@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152014129.303962.178330@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152021724.456275.217470@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152073464.996135.25770@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I tried downloading and installing from the fedora site and got this:
gtk2-2.8.19-2.i386.rpm is already installed

However, the problem seems to have gone away. Not sure what happened
there.
Thank you for the reply.

gtk2-2.8.19-2.i386.rpm is already installed


Frank Millman wrote:
> ianar? wrote:
> > Running FC5 with Gnome (rather minimal install), using latest wxPython
> > version installed from wxPython.org RPMs since I needed unicode and FC5
> > only has ansi available in the package manager. Anyway the errors occur
> > every time i close out of my wxPython application, and sometimes...
> > maybe every 10 - 15 times... i need to kill the app.
> > I have no idea what all this means, could someone please point me in
> > the right direction? Thanks!
> >
> >
> >
> > (python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
> > `GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed
> >
>
> I had the same problem. Here is a link to the whole story, together
> with the solution, from the wxPython mailing list archive.
> 
> http://tinyurl.com/o4jsu
> 
> Frank Millman



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Mon Jul 31 22:52:07 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 19:52:07 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154400727.472816.243290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-30 09:54:14, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
> > Aren't you looking too much at implementation details now?
>
> Possibly, but at this point I'm still trying to understand how Python does
> these things, and what the useful abstraction level is for me. I also still
> have very little experience how I'll put the things we've been discussing

Sorry I've been away from this sub-thread for a while (even though I
kinda started it :P). Yes, I'm also wondering what difference this big
huge argument makes on how I logically follow Python.

Personally, I find this metaphor in "Head First Java" from O'Reilly
Press really helpful for both Python and Java. Before anyone sends me a
letter bomb that says "Python != Java", let me say this: have phun :P.

Anyway, the metaphor goes something like this: variables (for objects,
not primitives) are like cups (just wait, it gets better). You can put
a remote control IN a cup. The remote control controls a "real" object
on the heap (ie, the data for the object is there).

Unfortunately, some of the effect of the metaphor is lost because I
cannot reporduce the very nice illustrations which came in the book :P.

Other than the fact that you declare variables in Java (going down
another letter-bomb-laden slippery slope), which means they stick
around even when they have no "remote controls", I pretty much think of
Python variables the same way: each variable LOGICALLY contains a
reference (ie, without regard to what the mechanics are) to some
amorphous glob of data, sitting on the heap. Therefore, when I do an
assignment, I am simply replacing the reference my variable is holding.
According to the metaphor, we are replacing the remote control our cup
is holding.

If an object is no longer visible (because all the references have
disappeared), then it should get garbage collected eventually. But
until the magical garbage-collecting angle of death makes is way
through the heap, our orphaned objects are PHYSICALLY still there until
they are forcefully evicted from memory. Logically, however, they were
gone as soon as we lost sight of them.

Java aside, My question is this: how will using this metaphor break the
way I logically follow Python?

> here into (Python) practice. While not new to programming, I'm new to
> Python.
>
> > AFAIU, one can also build a C++ class hierarchy that with some small
> > limitations in used operators, would have semantics very similar to
> > Python. Would you argue that those using such a C++ class hierarchy would
> > no longer be using variables in C++?
>
> Probably not. But for me it's mostly about useful terminology, not
> necessarily "correct" terminology. In order to talk about correct
> terminology, we'd have to use a common definition of "variable". This is a
> term so widely used that I'm not sure there is a useful single definition
> of it; do you know one?

This is another thing I was thinking the entire time I was reading this
argument, but I didn't want someone to answer me in a condescending
tone on what exactly a variable IS. I guess I should attribute that
quote to Bill Clinton :P.

>
> In any case, the following doesn't seem to be implementation detail (and
> rather a part of the language), but it's not really understandable with a
> C++ concept of "variable":
>
> >>> a=3
> >>> id(a)
> 3368152
> >>> b=a
> >>> id(b)
> 3368152
> >>> b=4
> >>> id(b)
> 3368140
>
> You don't expect the "identity" of the variable b to change with a simple
> assignment from a C/C++ point of view. You also don't expect the "identity"
> of a and b to be the same after assigning one to the other. You can create
> C++ classes that behave like that (you can implement Python in C++ :), but
> that doesn't mean that you expect C++ language constructs to behave like
> that.

I'm really not comfortable with C, but I disagree. What would you say
about this program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define tf(bool) (bool) ? "true" : "false"

const char * greeting = "hello world";

int main() {
  /* These mallocs don't really need to be hear for me to make my
     point, because as far as I know, what they return is garbage
     values anyway :P. I just put them there so my pointers are
     pointing to "real objects".*/
  char * string     = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*100);
  char * letterBomb = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char)*100);

  strcpy(string, greeting);
  strcpy(letterBomb, greeting);

  printf("are we equal? %s\n", tf(strcmp(string, letterBomb) == 0));
  printf("are we IDENTICAL? %s\n", tf(string == letterBomb));

  printf("sabotage...\n");
  letterBomb = string;
  printf("are we identical NOW? %s\n", tf(string==letterBomb));
}

> 
> Gerhard



From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 14 13:29:46 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:29:46 -0000
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-14, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> user gets to select what modules to install?
>
> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
>
> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
> Python on these systems?

A few years back there was a "deeply embedded python" project,
but it's been dead for quite a while:

 http://www.tucs.fi/magazin/output.php?ID=2000.N2.LilDeEmPy
 http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-announce-list/1999-August/000157.html

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My BIOLOGICAL ALARM
                                  at               CLOCK just went off... It
                               visi.com            has noiseless DOZE FUNCTION
                                                   and full kitchen!!


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul 16 03:16:19 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 09:16:19 +0200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9cp43$qft$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bill Pursell wrote:

> Some might argue that this is not really doing
> it in Python.  In fact, I would argue that!  But if
> you're at a command prompt and you want to
> see line 7358, it's much easier to type
> % sed -n 7358p
> than it is to write the python one-liner.

'sed' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 13:14:03 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:14:03 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

northband wrote:
> Hi, I am interested in re-writing my website in Python vs PHP but have
> a few questions. Here are my specs, please advise as to which
> configuration would be best:
> 
> 1.Dell Poweredge Server, w/IIS, currently Windows but considering
> FreeBSD

I may be a bit biased, but I would not run a web server under Windows...

> 2. Site consists of result pages for auctions and items for sale (100
> per page)
> 3. MySQL (Dell Poweredge w/AMD) database server connected to my web
> server

Have you considered Postgresql instead ?

> 4. Traffic, 30 million page loads/month
> 
> I am trying to have the fastest page loads, averaging 100 items per
> result page.  I have read about using Apache's mod_python so I could
> use PSP.  

That's a possible solution.

> Any help or tips are appreciated.

You may eventually be interested in  Django (full stack MVC web
framework, runs on mod_apache, supports both MySQL and Postgresql)

http://www.djangoproject.com/

or Myghty (Python's extended port of Perl::Mason, runs on mod_apache,
not tied to any RDBMS) + eventually SQLAlchemy (orm)
http://www.myghty.org/
http://www.sqlalchemy.org/

Now I can't tell if either one or the other beats PSP when it comes to
raw perfs...

My 2 cents
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Tue Jul  4 11:49:59 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 17:49:59 +0200
Subject: Requesting advice on uploading a module
Message-ID: <01ca01c69f81$817eb480$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

Hi all,

       I have invested probably 500 hours in the development of a module which I think could fill a gap, judging by some problems regularly discussed on this forum. The module is finished and I want to contribute it. A kind sould recently suggested I upload it to the Cheese Shop. I have made several attempts to do so. The deluge of arcane error and why-it-doesn't-work messages leave me with the impression that I have to write another program to dispatch the thing, beginning with studying an unfamiliar environment.
       The module is a stream editor capable of handling all 256 octets, multiple substitutions in one pass and multiple passes in one run. It handles multiple IO types and has a modular building-block architecture. It works as well on a command line as integrated in a program. I am very pleased with it.
      Being dramatically over budget timewise and keen to resume a healthier sleep pattern, I'd rather not have to start another project with a open time line and the name 'Uploading to the Cheese Shop'.
      Directions will be immensely appreciated. I have Python 2.4, Windows ME,  Cygwin (if that helps), and do almost everything in the IDLE window. My program is all python code.

Thanks

Frederic
           
-------------- next part --------------
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From jemejones at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:30:26 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:30:26 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:
> Lets say that I have an application consisting of 3 files. A main.py
> file, gui.py and a data.py which handles persistent data storage.
> Suppose data.py defines a class 'MyDB' which reads in data from a
> database, and main.py creates an instance of this object. How does code
> in gui.py access this object? Here's simplified pseudocode:
>
> MAIN.PY
> import gui, data
> DataObject = data.MyDB(blah)
>
> How do I write code in gui.py that can access DataObject? Is this
> entirely the wrong way to approach this sort of problem?
>
> Actualy the problem is more complex because the GUI consists of a main
> GUI form, and panels defined as seperate objects in seperate files.
> Various panels will contain controlls for manipulating data in the
> DataObject, or wherever data storage end up.

What does main.py do?  Are you creating an instance of the gui thingy?
If so, you could just pass DataObject into your gui thingy either into
the constructor or to a setter once you create an instance of it.  If
the gui needs any database stuff at instantiation time, you probably
need to pass it into the constructor.  However, a main.py, gui.py, and
db.py smells a little like your standard MVC, in which case, you would
get your controller to pass in the data pieces as the GUI needs them.

- Jeremy M. Jones



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Sun Jul  9 12:21:29 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 09:21:29 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
In-Reply-To: <1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> kepioo wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
> > miserably.
> >
> > what i want to do :
> >
> > i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> > key3,value]], value]
> >
> > example :
> > [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
> >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
> >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
> >  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
> >  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
> >
>
> [snip example data]
>
> >
> >
> > If anyone has an idea of implemetation or any code ( i was trying with
> > ElementTree...
> >
>
> (You should have posted the code you tried)
>
> The code below might help (though you should test it more than I have).
> The 'findall' function comes from here:
>
>     http://gflanagan.net/site/python/elementfilter/elementfilter.py
>
> it's not the elementtree one.
>

Sorry, elementfilter.py was a bit broken - fixed now.  Use the current
one and change the code I posted to:

    [...]
    existing_route = findall(results, "route[@id==%s]" % routeid)
#changed line
    if existing_route:
        route = existing_route[0]
        existing_equip = findall(route, "equip[@id=='%s']" % equipid)
        if existing_equip:
    [...]

ie. don't quote the route id since it's numeric.

Gerard



From exter_c at hotmail.com  Thu Jul  6 09:39:38 2006
From: exter_c at hotmail.com (Johhny)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 06:39:38 -0700
Subject: Python password display
Message-ID: <1152193178.371860.221150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I am currently writing some python code which requires the use of a
password. Currently I am using the raw_input function to take the users
input in and use it. One problem with that is the password is displayed
in clear text on the console of the server. I would like to work on a
way around that. Is there any built in method to do that or any
how-to's around the Internet / Advice that I could research?

Regards,

Johhny.



From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 20:41:50 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 17:41:50 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebddhd.k7e.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Dan Winsor enlightened us with:
> > This one "works" in that it runs, but the server on the other end gets
> > garbage unrelated to the test file.
>
> Are you sure it is garbage? Have you tried changing byte order?

Ah, that I hadn't.  Any pointers to doing that?



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul 24 01:52:07 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 07:52:07 +0200
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.24.05.52.06.396361@gmx.net>

In <1153701209.069639.199860 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, walterbyrd
wrote:

> This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
> want to do is:
> 1) count identical records in a cvs file
> 2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
> 3) open the new file in ms-excel
> 
> For example, I will start with a file like:
> 
> 1001
> 1012
> 1008
> 1012
> 1001
> 1001
> 
> and finish with a file like:
> 
> 1001,3
> 1008,1
> 1012,2
> 
> What I need to know:
> 1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
> file. Something like:
> sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
> also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.

Lists have a sort method.  No need to do this with temporary files.  Just
read in the first file into a list and sort it.

> 3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
> for me to do this with a multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the
> file, read a rec into the array, if the next rec is the same then incr
> the count, otherwise add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the
> array to a file?

I would read the file into a list of list, that's what comes closest to a
multidimensional array, via the `csv` module.  Sort that (outer) list and
then use `itertools.groupby()` to group the identical lists.  You can
write the rows with the `csv` module again.  Short example:

import csv
from itertools import groupby

in_file = open('test.csv', 'rb')
data = list(csv.reader(in_file))
in_file.close()

data.sort()

out_file = open('test2.csv', 'wb')
writer = csv.writer(out_file)
for row, identical_rows in groupby(data):
    row.append(len(list(identical_rows)))
    writer.writerow(row)
out_file.close()

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 22:10:02 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 19:10:02 -0700
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8685.1154134326.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8680.1154118615.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154121986.564021.136680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154124812.869991.64120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8685.1154134326.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154139002.385377.200960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> OK, I tried this one. I am actually trying to parse dhcpd.conf file.
>
> def get_filename(self):
>     p = "^[ \t]*filename[ \t]+(\S+).*?host[ \t]+%s\s*$" % self.host
>     pat = re.compile(p, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
>     mo = pat.search(self.confdata)
>     if mo:
>         return mo.group(1)
>     else:
>         return ""
>
> self.host is the hostname and self.confdata is the string. It actually
> matches the first filename that appears before the host entry. I want
> the last one that appears before the host entry. I tried '.*?' assuming
> it works, but now I know why it doesn't work!
>
> Since I am only interested in a particular host's filename, I could
> easily parse line by line. That is how it is done now, but would like to
> know if there any RE that does the trick!
>

Instead of
    .*?
try
    (?:.(?!filename))*?

Now forget about it and go back to the presumably legible code that you
have already :-)

Cheers,
John



From mart.franklin at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:59:57 2006
From: mart.franklin at gmail.com (mart.franklin at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:59:57 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024130.318945.278290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152025197.180654.48410@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Rune Strand wrote:
> itertools.izip is usually faster than zip. You can try that.


Thanks very much

timing for itertools.izip

for av, bv, cv, dv in itertools.izip(a, b, c, d):
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)


on a 4 million element aray:

slice:
8.06299996376

built in zip:
36.5169999599

myzip:
12.0320000648

izip:
5.76499986649


so fastest overall



From jzgoda at o2.usun.pl  Tue Jul 18 17:25:03 2006
From: jzgoda at o2.usun.pl (Jarek Zgoda)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:25:03 +0200
Subject: New SourceForge project:  Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jjk7$aof$1@atlantis.news.tpi.pl>

The Eternal Squire napisa?(a):

> Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
> calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
> ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
> clients thin :)

Why do you think curses are essential? I'd rip out them too, they have
no use on Windows.

-- 
Jarek Zgoda
http://jpa.berlios.de/


From vbgunz at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 17:44:57 2006
From: vbgunz at gmail.com (vbgunz)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:44:57 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152308696.950478.304530@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Jim wrote:
> Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> strings?

using the re module I find this to probably be the easiest but in no
way is this gospel :)

import re
rex = re.compile(r'(".*?"|\S)')
sub = 'a b c "d e"'
res = [x for x in re.split(rex, sub) if not x.isspace()][1:-1]
print res # -> ['a', 'b', 'c', '"d e"']

basically import the re module, compile a pattern, identify a string,
create a list comprehension with a filter, slice out the result and
print to screen. I hope this helps.



From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Sun Jul 23 16:32:42 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 22:32:42 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<1153582976.746036.312330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c3e5d4$0$876$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!

>>>  "threadicide" method

I like this word...

Michel Claveau 




From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 04:01:57 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 01:01:57 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed !!! Browsing and Selecting More Than One File 
Message-ID: <20060707080157.58198.qmail@web53104.mail.yahoo.com>


Thank you very much for your indications. I've just
subscribed for the group and even I don't know how to
reply directly through mailing list. I will try to
answer some of the questions you have asked about my
program.

Question:
What has it to do with running your program with
several file names as arguments? Is it two different
ways to select several files in your application? Or
do you want one or the other?

Answer:
I want to browse, and want to select all of the "*.c"
files in a folder and than run CCCC code analyzer
program for all of these files. The syntax to run CCCC
on multiple files on DOS is:

cccc file1.c file2.c file3.c

I want to have 2 options on my GUI, one for only to
select one file, the other is to select multiple files
in a project(folder). 

I didn't yet change the code according to your
indications, there are still basic mistakes but I will
send the whole code, to be more clear. When I run this
code: 
I can browse a file and 
than open a file through the browser, 
assign it to "cccc" as parameter
and able to analyse one C file through a GUI

I can't select more than one file. I want to do this
because I will need to analyze the total project which
is composed of 8-15 "*.c" files.  

Source Code:

from Tkinter import *
from tkFileDialog import *
import tkMessageBox
import os


class App:

#Function for browsing a file
    def browseFile(self):
        global file
        file = askopenfilename(filetypes = [("C source
code", "*.c"), ("All Files", "*.*")])
       
#Function for running CCCC                 
    def runCCCC(self, event):
        if type(file)==str:
            dosya = file            
            cmd = 'cccc ' + dosya
            print cmd
            return os.system(cmd)
        else:
            message = tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window
Text", "Please Browse a File Firstly")
      
    def __init__(self, master):

        frame = Frame(master)
        frame.pack(fill="both")   
        
        self.menubar = Menu(master)
        self.menubar.add_command(label="Browse File",
command=self.browseFile)
        master.config(menu=self.menubar)
        
        self.ccccRun = Button(frame, text="Run CCCC",
fg="red")
        self.ccccRun.bind("<Button-1>", self.runCCCC)
        self.ccccRun.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=20)

        self.close = Button(frame, text="QUIT",
fg="red", command=frame.quit)
        self.close.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=20)
        
     
root = Tk()
app=App(root)
root.mainloop()

Best Regards,
Fatih K.




__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From claird at lairds.us  Sat Jul 15 20:28:51 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 00:28:51 +0000
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<rj0oo3-5i7.ln1@lairds.us> <7x3bd21kry.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <3rdoo3-vjn.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <7x3bd21kry.fsf at ruckus.brouhaha.com>,
Paul Rubin  <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> wrote:
>claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird) writes:
>> Yes and no.  Python could thrive for the next decade while
>> utterly surrendering the small-and-embedded domain to Forth,
>> Lua, Tcl, Scheme, and so on, so, no, there's no *need* for a
>> TinyPython.  On the other hand, yes, there are at least several
>> of us with an interest and occasional opportunities for Python
>> in such applications. 
>
>I think we should see what happens with PyPy, which might be easier to
>target at embedded platforms than CPython is.  Main thing needed would
>be a static compiler--I haven't followed PyPy enough to know if it
>relies on having Psyco at runtime.

PyPy indeed presents exciting prospects.


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 19 10:18:58 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:18:58 -0500
Subject: Number combinations
In-Reply-To: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BE3F52.8010506@tim.thechases.com>

> Just wondering if there is a better way of generating a 4 digit number
> (that gets converted to a string), ive got the following code which
> generates strings between 0000-9999.
> 
> <code>
> 
> for a in range(0,10):
>     for b in range(0,10):
>         for c in range(0,10):
>             for d in range(0,10):
>                 print "%s%s%s%s" %(str(a), str(b), str(c),str(d)
> 
> </code>

Is there something wrong with

	for i in xrange(0,10000): print "%04i" % i

If you need the individual digits for something, you can use

	for i in xrange(0,10000):
		d1,d2,d3,d4 = list("%04i" % i)
		# do something with d1,d2,d3,d4

somewhat indelicate, but it works for me. :)

-tkc






From aomighty at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 02:28:18 2006
From: aomighty at gmail.com (aomighty at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 23:28:18 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I tried what you said and it looked like maybe AttributeError, but that
didn't work either.

This code snippet:

import shelve
from traceback import format_exc

try:
   db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
except:
   print format_exc()

Gave me this output:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 5, in ?
    db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 231, in open
    return DbfilenameShelf(filename, flag, protocol, writeback, binary)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 212, in __init__
    Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename, flag), protocol,
writeback, binary)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
    raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db

Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored

Do you know what the error is?

Thanks,
Martin
Simon Forman wrote:
> aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> > I wanted to write the following code:
> >
> > import shelve
> > try:
> >    db = shelve.open(file, "r")
> > except SomeError:
> >    print "Oh no, db not found"
> >
> > Only, I'm not sure what SomeError should be. I tried error,
> > anydbm.error, shelve.open.anydb.error, etc. but can't find it. Things
> > worked fine with simply except:, but that's not optimal.
> >
> > Does anyone know either the what the error is or where I can find it
> > for certain?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Martin
>
> What error did you get with just the bare except?
>
> you can find out by saying (for instance):
>
> >>> try:
> 	1/0
> except Exception, err:
> 	E = err
>
>
> >>> E
> <exceptions.ZeroDivisionError instance at 0xb6efd8cc>
>
>
> or to get really fancy, use the traceback module
>
> >>> from traceback import format_exc
> >>> try:
> 	1/0
> except:
> 	print format_exc()
>
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<pyshell#10>", line 2, in ?
> ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
> 
> 
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 31 11:48:21 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:48:21 -0700
Subject: Multiple Telnet sessions through one script
In-Reply-To: <1154352823.619882.20870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154352823.619882.20870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CE2645.9060408@mvista.com>

Well, although you spawn seperate telnet processes there is still only 
one thread of control in your pythons script.  If you need to do two 
things simultaneously you'll need to setup a parallel control 
mechanism.  For example you could use python threads, each thread spawns 
a separate telnet and controls it accordingly.  Similarly, you could 
fork off other python scripts that control each telnet session.

Alright, so that's for controlling two telnets at once.  I think you'll 
have another problem, and that's controlling each telnet session 
manually. To do this I think you'll need to setup an interface that 
provides the two consoles you are after.  I'm not exactly sure the best 
way to do that.  One thought I have is if you used one of the various 
GUI toolkits you could have your app open a window that is seperated 
into two consoles.  Each thread could be bound to one of these consoles 
and you could switch between the two by clicking on one side versus the 
other.  Although if you want to do it all in a shell, or have your 
program open multiple shells I'm not sure how to do that, you might 
check google.  I suppose if you were doing things from a single shell 
and wanted to do thing similar to the GUI toolkit I described earlier, 
you could try something like ncurses. 

I guess I have one final idea, you could use a single shell, buffer 
output from each telnet session and have your main control loop give you 
the ability to switch back and forth between the two sessions. 

Anyhow, hope those ideas help you out a little.

vmalhotra wrote:
> Hi
>
> I am new in python scripting. I want to open a Multiple telnet session
> through once script. In other way i can tell i want to open two linux
> consoles through one script.
>
> I wrote one script, but the issue is I am not able to open multiple
> consoles. The Scripts which i wrote is as follows:
>
> import pexpect
> session = pexpect.spawn("telnet localhost 2601\n")
> session.expect("Password: ")
> session.send("XYZ\n\n")
> session.expect("Router1> ")
> session1 = pexpect.spawn("telnet localhost 2604\n")
> session1.expect("Password: ")
> session1.send("ABCD\n\n")
> session1.expect("ospfd> ")
> #session1.interact()
> session1.interact()
>
> output :
> ospf>
>
> But in this case, i want in one console router one can open and on
> other console ospf should open. But this i want to do is through one
> script only.
>
> Regds
> Vik
>
>   


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 20:02:59 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:02:59 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>



>
> Carl,
>  OS writers provide much more tools for debugging, tracing, changing
> the priority of, sand-boxing processes than threads (in general) It
> *should* be easier to get a process based solution up and running
> andhave it be more robust, when compared to a threaded solution.
>
> - Paddy (who shies away from threads in C and C++ too ;-)

That mythical "process" is more robust then "thread" application
paradigm again.

No wonder there are so many boring software applications around.

Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
applications.



From lists at fabis-site.net  Mon Jul 17 12:27:22 2006
From: lists at fabis-site.net (Fabian Steiner)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 18:27:22 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
Message-ID: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Hello!

I have got a Python "Device" Object which has got a attribute (list) 
called children which my contain several other "Device" objects. I 
implemented it this way in order to achieve a kind of parent/child 
relationship.

Now I would like to get all children of a given "Device" object and 
thought that it would be the best way to use recursive function.

This is what I got so far:

     def getAllChildren(self, children=[]):
         if self.children:
             children.extend(self.children)
             for child in self.children:
                 child.getAllChildren(children)
         return children

Unfortunately, it doesn't work like expected since the default parameter 
children=[] is evaluated only once. That's why the children list becomes 
larger and larger after calling the method several times but I can't 
think of another possibility.

Do you have any ideas?


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 25 16:38:31 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 22:38:31 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <ea5rl8$d2v$1@nsnmpen2-gest.nuria.telefonica-data.net>
References: <mailman.8540.1153854828.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ea5rl8$d2v$1@nsnmpen2-gest.nuria.telefonica-data.net>
Message-ID: <44C68147.7050802@designaproduct.biz>


> from cStringIO documentation:
>
>
>      Another difference from the StringIO module is that calling
>      StringIO() with a string parameter creates a read-only object.
>      Unlike an object created without a string parameter, it does
>      not have write methods.
>   
Looks like I did not read the manual carefully, overlooked/misunderstood 
this and posted too early.
I'm sorry!


Laszlo



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 19:25:11 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:25:11 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <R0bzg.1575$W93.779@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05><R0bzg.1575$W93.779@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154301911.467149.179590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> Philippe Martin wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> >
> > I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
> > system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.
> >
> > l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> > l2 = func (l1)
> > # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> >
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Philippe
>
> Thanks to all,
>
> I decided to attack the problem another way and change the code in device #2
> so it can now take the output from device #1.
>
> As device #2 only needs to compare, add, and subtract the stuff .. it makes
> my life much simpler.
>

I'm confused.
1. Was the original device #1 or #2?
2. How many bits does the non-original device's C compiler support?
3. If the original device is device #1, please explain where *it*
obtained an 8-digit decimal number expressed as 1 digit per byte (or
int) ...



From kevin.bell at slcgov.com  Mon Jul 17 19:49:47 2006
From: kevin.bell at slcgov.com (Bell, Kevin)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:49:47 -0600
Subject: Google Earth contact? (OT, sort of...)
Message-ID: <2387F0EED10A4545A840B231BBAAC7226084D0@slcimail1.slcgov.com>

Sorry if this is an off topic shot in the dark, but...

Does anyone know a contact for anyone that works for Google Earth?  I
wanted to shoot 'em an email about a possible enhancement, but they're
smart enough to not leave contact info ANYWHERE on their websites.




From jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 11:58:21 2006
From: jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk (jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:58:21 -0700
Subject: Weird MemoryError issue
Message-ID: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

  I'm new at python as I just started to learn it, but I found out
something weird. I have wrote a little program to compute Mersenne
number:

# Snipet on
def is_prime n:
  for i in range(2, n):
    if (n % i) == 0:
      return 0
  else:
      return 1

for a in range(2, 10000000):
  if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))
    print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
# Snipet off

This program raise MemoryError. But this one:

# Snipet on
def is_prime n:
  for i in range(2, n):
    if (n % i) == 0:
      return 0
  return 1 # the change is here

for a in range(2, 10000000):
  if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))
    print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
# Snipet off

Does not! Why ??

Thx.



From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 04:23:41 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 01:23:41 -0700
Subject: How to use images at the bachground?
Message-ID: <1152606221.887206.247780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

hi all,
how to get out of the python shell which is executing a command?
how to use images in the background of a page in Tkinter?



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 16:58:54 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:58:54 -0300
Subject: Using Python for my web site
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
Message-ID: <1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-31 17:28:00, Cliff Wells wrote:

>> I assume you don't agree... :)
> 
> I certainly don't.  [...]

> Also, saying "a few years ago I did some research" in software terms is
> pretty much equivalent to saying "I don't know".

Exactly. So what's your point with this comment?

I stated what was my impression at the time, with the hope that others
might want to comment. Thanks for the comment. 

OTOH, anybody who says "I know" regarding a comparison in reliability
between databases must have pretty good data to back that up. Few have.
Most are in the "I don't know, but my impression is that ..." group. 

Gerhard



From vbgunz at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 18:00:54 2006
From: vbgunz at gmail.com (vbgunz)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 15:00:54 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <1152308696.950478.304530@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152308696.950478.304530@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152309654.046758.253540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> > Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> > strings?

> import re
> rex = re.compile(r'(".*?"|\S)')
> sub = 'a b c "d e"'
> res = [x for x in re.split(rex, sub) if not x.isspace()][1:-1]
> print res # -> ['a', 'b', 'c', '"d e"']

instead of slicing the result out, you use this too:
res = [x for x in re.split(rex, sub) if x[0:].strip()]



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  9 14:51:36 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 20:51:36 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152470114.116601.277340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152470114.116601.277340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8rj7n$818$1@sea.gmane.org>

Paddy wrote:

> ... irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects can have their
> state modified; if n has a mutable value but the assignment statement
> changed n to refer to another object, then the name would be tagged as
> local'?
> 
> Oh bosh, can anyone come at it from a different tack?

look for "Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively 
defined as follows" on this page (or at the corresponding page in the 
language reference):

     http://pyref.infogami.com/assignments

</F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 17:03:32 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:03:32 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153947812.801616.209610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Qiangning Hong wrote:
> Tim Chase wrote:
> >  >>> import re
> >  >>> s ='a (b c) d [e f g] h ia abcd(b c)xyz d [e f g] h i'
> >  >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\S*(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\])\S*)|\S+')
> >  >>> r.findall(s)
> > ['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'ia', 'abcd(b c)xyz', 'd',
> > '[e f g]', 'h', 'i']
> >
> [...]
> > However, the above monstrosity passes the tests I threw at
> > it.
>
> but it can't pass this one: "(a c)b(c d) e"
> the above regex gives out ['(a c)b(c', 'd)', 'e'], but the correct one
> should be ['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']

What are the desired results in cases like this:

"(a b)[c d]" or "(a b)(c d)" ?



From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul  4 03:14:46 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:14:46 +0200
Subject: classes and interfaces
In-Reply-To: <6snga257tt3drgqqqf8efkej524pjjfhd5@4ax.com>
References: <1151401318.703216.288850@x69g2000cwx.googlegroups.com>
	<44a1101c$0$9623$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<6snga257tt3drgqqqf8efkej524pjjfhd5@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <4guir6F1ohgerU1@uni-berlin.de>

Rene Pijlman schrieb:
> Bruno Desthuilliers:
>> Java interfaces are a workaround
> 
> Troll alert.

No idea how you come to that conclusion - but he is actually right with 
that.

Diez


From juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi  Sun Jul 23 12:15:31 2006
From: juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi (Juho Schultz)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:15:31 -0700
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8430.1153670342.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>
	<mailman.8430.1153670342.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153671331.244954.234350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Tim Chase wrote:

> parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0],
> 'limits':[0.,0.]}.copy() for i in xrange(0,6)]
>
> However, this will still reference internal lists that have
> been referenced multiple times, such that
>
>  >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
> [0, 0]
>  >>> parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 2
>  >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
> [2, 0]
>

Interesting. Cut-and-paste to my python prompt and I get
>>> parinfo[5]['limited']
[0, 0]

Tried both Python 2.4.1 and 2.5 beta, Linux, GCC 4.0.2



From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Sat Jul  8 17:49:48 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 14:49:48 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>
	<1152373251.931674.239500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8p99s$4aj$1@panix2.panix.com>

In article <1152373251.931674.239500 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
Istvan Albert <istvan.albert at gmail.com> wrote:
>Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>>
>> It's not in Jython nor IronPython and maybe not forever in
>> CPython.
>
>Whether or not a feature is present in Jython or IronPython does not
>seem relevant, after all these languages emulate Python, one could
>argue that it only means that this emulation is incomplete.  Same for
>changes way out in the future that may or may not materialize. 

The GIL is *NOT* part of the Python language spec; it is considered a
CPython implementation detail.  Other implementations are free to use
other mechanisms -- and they do.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"I saw `cout' being shifted "Hello world" times to the left and stopped
right there."  --Steve Gonedes


From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul  5 14:12:01 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:12:01 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <o1tna2t0s4l7md4s3dpb92rk9kq9cnnd3b@4ax.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<qeala21ufgvaphik39ame0j39ftvjjbdda@4ax.com>
	<1152050177.349810.222110@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152099466.582535.276070@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<o1tna2t0s4l7md4s3dpb92rk9kq9cnnd3b@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152123121.787967.227600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 5 Jul 2006 04:37:46 -0700, "Gerard Flanagan" <grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>
> >
> > You can use a class rather than have lists of lists:
> >
> 	Are you sure you want to introduce classes into the mix, when simple
> basics are still causing so many problems? <G>
> --

I thought it lessened the complexity, but yes, good point :-)

Gerard



From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Tue Jul 25 13:30:32 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:30:32 +0200
Subject: simple question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8533.1153847350.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>
	<mailman.8533.1153847350.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea5kfm$d3i$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Steve Holden schrieb:
> Maxine Weill wrote:
>> I need to install Python Imaging Library (PIL) - imaging-1.1.5.tar.gz 
>> (source ) onto Suse Linux 10.1 system in order for (latest) Scribus 
>> 1.3.3.2  to install and work.
>>
>> Plesae indicate how I perform PIL install (exact commands/procedures)  
>> in manner where files are "automatically" placed in proper 
>> directories, etc.
>>
> 
> I though that PIL now used the standard setup system. If the package's 
> top level directory includes a file called "setup.py" then just run
> 
> python setup.py install

if there are more versions of python installed
and one wants to install for specific version then
/pool/pathToMyInstalledSoftware/bin/python2.4 setup.py install
/pool/pathToPetersInstalledSoftware/bin/python2.2 setup.py install

this is what I figured out

my 2 cents
--
Daniel


From mail at microcorp.co.za  Wed Jul 26 06:46:39 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:46:39 +0200
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
Message-ID: <001f01c6b0a0$e0c1efe0$03000080@hendrik>

Hi,

I am struggling to get the pack method to do what I intend.
I am trying to display user input in a seperate window, along with
a little description of the field, something like this:

             Current entry
Company :               entered co. name
First entry :               entered stuff
The second entry:     more entered stuff
Entry number three :  Last entered stuff

This seems so simple - but I have now spent a day or two mucking around -
and no matter what I do with the side, after and anchor parameters,
I just seem to get weird results - I must be doing something terribly stupid,
but I cant see it

So I have boiled the thing down as far as I can. - to an entry window with a
start and quit button,
one entry method, and the display window for the entered content - aside from
displaying, the programme does nothing.

Its doing the same thing on Linux and on Windows

This code should run and illustrate the hassles I am having:

8<-----------------------------start of code section--------------------------

#!/usr/bin/python
#   The original of this module is supposed to do an accounting entry -

#   we get the gui stuff

from Tkinter import *

class Entryscreen(Frame):
    """This screen is used to construct a new Entry."""

#   we define the variables we use

    des_string = ''     # Description of what we want to do
    req_string = ''     # Prompt string
    dis_string = ''     # Description of field for display

    Company =  "New Entry Screen"   # we dont have a company yet
    Entry_1 = ''                    # or any entries
    Entry_2 = ''
    Entry_3 = ''

    def start_new(self):
        """This is the routine that assembles a new record"""

        if self.Company == "New Entry Screen":  # if its the first time,

#   we make a new window

            show = Tk()
            show.title('Accounting entry display window')

#   we get an instance to display results in

            self.disp = Showscreen("Current entry",master=show)

#   then we ask for the company:

            des_string = "Getting the Company "
            req_string = "Enter the Company for this session"
            dis_string = 'Company:'
            error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string, self.disp)
            self.Company = self.Amount

#   Then or else we ask for entry details

        des_string = "Getting first entry"
        req_string = "Enter first field"
        dis_string = "First entry:"
        error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string, self.disp)

        des_string = "Getting second entry"
        req_string = "Enter second field"
        dis_string = "The second entry:"
        error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string, self.disp)

        des_string = "Getting third entry"
        req_string = "Enter third field"
        dis_string = "Entry number three:"
        error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string, self.disp)

    def GetEntry(self, des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp):
        """Entry routine for one field"""

        line = Entryline(des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp, master=root)
        error = line.mainloop()
        self.Amount = line.retstring
        line.destroy()

    def say_bye(self):
        print 'Have a nice day, Bye!'
        self.quit()

    def createWidgets(self):

        self.descr = Label(self)
        self.descr["text"] = self.Company
        self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
        self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
        self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})

        Start = Button(self)
        Start["text"] = "Start a new entry"
        Start["fg"]   = "blue"
        Start['bg']   = 'green'
        Start["command"] =  self.start_new
        Start.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left", 'after':
self.descr})

        QUIT = Button(self)
        QUIT["text"] = "QUIT"
        QUIT["fg"]   = "black"
        QUIT['bg']   = 'red'
        QUIT["command"] =  self.say_bye
        QUIT.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left", 'after':
Start})

    def __init__(self, master=None):
        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets()

class Showscreen(Frame):
    """This is supposed to show the entries as they occur."""

    def CreateWidgets(self, Description):

        self.descr = Label(self)
        self.descr["text"] = Description
        self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
        self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
        self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side": "top", "anchor":
"n"})

    def __init__(self, Description, master=None):
        Frame.__init__(self,master)
        self.pack()
        self.CreateWidgets(Description)

class Entryline(Frame):
    """This asks for an entry from the user and displays the result"""

    retstring = ''

    def entryend(self,S):
        """This gets done on carriage return and is where the hassles
originate"""

        self.retstring = self.estring.get() # get the entered string

        self.disp.Amount_des = Label(self.disp)       # and put it into the
display window
        self.disp.Amount_des["text"] = self.dis_string
        self.disp.Amount_des["fg"] = 'purple'
        self.disp.Amount_des['bg'] = 'yellow'
        self.disp.Amount_des.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side":
"left"})

        self.disp.Amount = Label(self.disp)
        self.disp.Amount["text"] = self.retstring
        self.disp.Amount["fg"] = 'blue'
        self.disp.Amount['bg'] = 'green'
        self.disp.Amount.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "after":
self.disp.Amount_des})

        self.quit()                         # That's it, folks

    def createWidgets(self, des_string, req_string):
        """makes the stuff to ask the question"""

        descr = Label(self)
        descr["text"] = des_string
        descr["fg"] = 'purple'
        descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
        descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})

        req = Label(self)
        req ["text"] = req_string
        req ["fg"] = 'yellow'
        req ['bg'] = 'blue'
        req.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side" :"top",'after':
descr})

        self.estring = Entry(self)
        self.estring['fg'] = 'black'
        self.estring['bg'] = 'white'
        self.estring.pack({'expand':'yes','fill': 'both', 'side': 'top',
'after': req})
        self.estring.bind('<Key-Return>', self.entryend)
        self.estring.focus_set()

    def __init__(self, des_stringP, req_stringP, dis_stringP, dispP, master):

        self.disp = dispP       # keep the passed params in instance vars
        self.des_string = des_stringP
        self.req_string = req_stringP
        self.dis_string = dis_stringP

        Frame.__init__(self, master)
        self.pack()
        self.createWidgets(self.des_string, self.req_string)

root = Tk()
root.title('Accounting Entry Window')
app = Entryscreen(master=root)
app.mainloop()
root.destroy()

8<----------------------------------end of code section-------------------

can anybody see what I am doing wrong?

- Hendrik



From Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de  Mon Jul 24 11:29:17 2006
From: Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de (Sibylle Koczian)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:29:17 +0200
Subject: Regular expression issue
In-Reply-To: <1153304898.226689.254330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153304898.226689.254330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4ik7aeF3tj0iU1@news.dfncis.de>

dmbkiwi at gmail.com schrieb:
> I'm trying to parse a line of html as follows:
> 
> <td style="width:20%" align="left">101.120:( KPA (-)</td>
> <td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>
> 
> however, sometimes it looks like this:
> 
> <td style="width:20%" align="left">N/A</td>
> <td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>
> 
> 
> I want to get either the numerical value 101.120 (which could be a
> different number depending on the data that's been fed into the page,
> or in terms of the second option, 'N/A'.
> 
> The regexp I'm using is:
> 
> .*?Pressure.*?"left">(?P<baro>\d+?|N/A)</td>|\sKPA.*?Snow\son\sGround
> 

Wouldn't it be simpler to use HTMLParser or something similar first to 
separate text and HTML tags and get the content of each cell separately? 
Then you have only to find the 'right' cell, possibly quite simply by 
its position in the HTML table, and check if it contains 'N/A' or 
something numeric (that check wouldn't need a regular expression if its 
really so simple).

No Python here so I can't try it out to be more specific, but look for 
HTMLParser in the library reference.

-- 
Dr. Sibylle Koczian
Universitaetsbibliothek, Abt. Naturwiss.
D-86135 Augsburg
e-mail : Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.DE


From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 08:45:05 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:45:05 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
Message-ID: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'

when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*') ...I get

sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis

do i need to escape something else?  i see that i have matching
parenthesis.

thx



From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:53:02 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 11:53:02 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be011b$1_1@news.bluewin.ch>

PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
> 
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
> 
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
> 
> OR
> 
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()
> 

allways that either-or stuff ! And why did you not consider

while len(lst) : list.pop()

a neat middle ground, wouldn't you say ?

Cheers, BB
--
666 ?? - 666 ~ .666 ~ 2/3 ~ 1-1/3 ~ tertium  non datur ~ the excluded middle
              ~ "either with us, or against us" !!


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul 12 04:54:56 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:54:56 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-11, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> As I read the language reference the x stands for a target expression.
>>AP> Now what does it mean to evaluate a target expression like col[key].
>>AP> IMO it means finding the location of the item in the collection: the
>>AP> bucket in the directory, the node in the tree ... grosso mode it
>>AP> boils down to the call to __setitem__ or __getitem__ depending
>>AP> on where the col[key] was located in the line (or if you prefer
>>AP> the view from the interpreter it boils down to the BINARY_SUBSCR
>>AP> and STORE_SUBSCR opcodes).
>
>>AP> So if the language reference seems to implies that col[key] will
>>AP> only be evaluated once in a line like: "col[key] += 1" I expect
>>AP> only one call from __setitem__ or __getitem__ (or only one
>>AP> from BINARY_SUBSCR or STORE_SUBSCR)
>
> You need both the __setitem__ and the __getitem__ otherwise it won't work.
> I think the "evaluated once" clause is for cases like:
>
> f(a)[g(b)] += 1
>
> where f and/or g have side effects. These side effects should then take
> place only once. Side effects in __setitem__ and __getitem__ is not what it
> is talking about.

Well I'll start on an possitive note and accept this. Now I'd like you
to answer some questions.

1) Do you think the langauge reference makes it clear that this is how
   the reader has to understand things.

2a) In case you answer yes to question (1). Can you explain me how
    I have to read the language reference in order to deduce this
    is indeed the way things should be understood.

2b) In case you anser no to question (1). Do you find it unreasonable
    that I ask that the language reference would be rewritten here so
    that your explanation can be (more easily) deduced from it.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From austuff at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 07:37:39 2006
From: austuff at gmail.com (janama)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 04:37:39 -0700
Subject: Wxpython, using more than 1 timer?
Message-ID: <1153568259.744174.189730@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

Using wx
When adding a second timer as i have the first,  the second timer
adding  stops the first timer (updating or stops?) . In this example im
updating a uptime and localtime label. It works fine for displaying the
last "self.startTimer2()" called. But prevents the previous
self.startTimer1() from running . Im doing something fundamentally
wrong i guess?

    def __init__(self, parent):
            self._init_ctrls(parent)

            #Start timers
            self.startTimer1()
            self.startTimer2()

    def startTimer1(self):
        self.t1 = wx.Timer(self)
        self.t1.Start(360) # 360000 ms = 1/10 hour
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime)

    def startTimer2(self):
        self.t2 = wx.Timer(self)
        self.t2.Start(1000) # run every second
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime)

    def OnTime(self,evt):
        self.lblTime.SetLabel(str(time.localtime()))

    def OnUpTime(self, evt):
        self.lblUptime.SetLabel('Running ' + (str(myTimerText[0])) + '
hours') # 1/10  hour count
        myTimerText[0] = myTimerText[0] + .1

Any help appreciated, ta



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 15:10:51 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:10:51 -0700
Subject: Cyclic class definations
References: <1153245079.426949.321780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153249850.937656.86130@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John,
Cycles are tricky. Python is an interpreted dynamic language, whatever
object you instantiate in your methods is a different thing than class
hierarchy. Your class hierarchy is fine: ClassA->ClassASubclass->ClassC
and it should work.  If it doesn't, create a quick mock example and
post it along with the error.

In general try to model your problem to avoid cycles if possible, I
know sometimes they are un-avoidable, but more often then not, they
are. Python might or might not allow cycles in certain situations
(packages, imports, class hierarchy and during usage i.e. in your
semantics) but regardless, if they make your code hard to understand so
try to not introduce them if possible.

Hope this helps,
Nick V.


John Henry wrote:
> Hi list,
>
> I am trying to understand better Python packaging.  This might be a
> messed up class hierachy but how would I break this cyclic relatioship?
>
> In file A:
>
> from B import B_Class
>
> Class_A_Main():
>    def ....
>    def SomeMethod(self):
>       res=B_Class(self)
>
> Class_A_SubClass(Class_A_Main):
>    def ...
>
>
> In file B:
>
> Class B_Class():
>    def __init__(self,parent):
>       ...
>    def SomeMethod(self):
>       res=C_Class(self)
>
>
> In file C:
>
> from file A import Class_A_SubClass
>
> Class C_Class(Class_A_SubClass):
>    def __init__(self, parent):
>       ...
>
>
> As you can see, the cyclic relationship exists because C_Class is a
> sub-class of SubClass which is in turn a sub-class of Class_A_Main and
> in one of the methods of Class_A, it has a need to create a C_Class
> object.
>
> I tried to merge the files A and C (by placing C_Class behind A_Class)
> and have the method in A_Class create C_Class directly but that doesn't
> work because Python says C_Class is not defined when it's processing
> the A_Class method.   May be somebody can tell me how to "forward
> declare" a class?
> 
> Regards,



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 12:41:24 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:41:24 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C79B34.90007@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
> I don't get what threading and Twisted would to do for
> you. The problem you actually have is that you sometimes
> need terminate these other process running other programs.
> Use spawn, fork/exec* or maybe one of the popens.
>
>
>   
I have a strong need for shared memory space in a large distributed 
environment.  How does spawn, fork/exec allow me to meet that need?  
I'll look into it, but I was under the impression having shared memory 
in this situation would be pretty hairy.  For example, I could fork of a 
50 child processes, but then I would have to setup some kind of 
communication mechanism between them where the server builds up a queue 
of requests from child processes and then services them in a FIFO 
fashion, does that sound about right?
> Threads have little to do with what you say you need.
>
> [...]
>   
>> I feel like this is something we've established multiple times.  Yes, we
>> want the thread to kill itself.  Alright, now that we agree on that,
>> what is the best way to do that.
>>     
>
> Wrong. In your examples, you want to kill other processes. You
> can't run external programs such as ssh as Python threads. Ending
> a Python thread has essentially nothing to do with it.
>   
There's more going on than ssh here.  Since I want to run multiple 
processes to multiple devices at one time and still have mass shared 
memory I need to use threads.   There's a mass distributed system that 
needs to be controlled, that's the problem I'm trying to solve.  You can 
think of each ssh as a lengthy IO process that each gets its own 
device.  I use the threads to allow me to do IO to multiple devices at 
once, ssh just happens to be the IO.  The combination of threads and ssh 
allowed us to have a *primitive* distributed system (and it works too, 
so I *can* run external programs in python threads).  I didn't say is 
was the best or the correct solution, but it works and its what I was 
handed when I was thrown into this project.  I'm hoping in fifteen years 
or when I get an army of monkeys to fix it, it will change.  I'm not 
worried about killing processes, that's easy, I could kill all the sshs 
or whatever else I want without batting an eye.  The threads that were 
created in order to allow me to do all of this work simultaneously, 
that's the issue.  Granted, I'm heavily looking into a way of doing this 
with processes, I still don't see how threads are the wrong choice with 
my present situation.

>
> Not me. I'm saying work the problem you actually have.
>   
The problem I have is a large distributed system, that's the reality of 
it.  The short summary, I need to use and control 100+ machines in a 
computing farm.  They all need to share memory or to actively 
communicate with each other via some other mechanism.  Without giving 
any other details, that's the problem I have to solve.  Right now I'm 
working with someone else's code. Without redesigning the system from 
the ground up, I have to fix it.


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu  Mon Jul 17 09:45:37 2006
From: jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu (John Hunter)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 08:45:37 -0500
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1152987101.679173.53680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8219.1153009031.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153042098.134801.295950@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87k66cgxa6.fsf@peds-pc311.bsd.uchicago.edu>

>>>>> "bearophileHUGS" == bearophileHUGS  <bearophileHUGS at lycos.com> writes:

    bearophileHUGS> I think MatPlotLib can do this too, if your
    bearophileHUGS> computer is fast enough.

    >> i would also like to have the bars and graphs have nice shading
    >> if possible to give it a really attractive look.

    bearophileHUGS> Remember what Edward Tufte (www.edwardtufte.com)
    bearophileHUGS> says, often too much elaborations makes graphs
    bearophileHUGS> them less than useless.

I share Tufte's opinion that you should avoid chart-junk -- stuff
designed to make charts look sexier that don't add information
context.  matplotlib can do it (but doesn't go out of it's way to make
it easy).  Eg,

from pylab import figure, show, nx, cm

def gbar(ax, x, y, width=0.5, bottom=0):
    X = [[.6, .6],[.7,.7]]
    for left,top in zip(x, y):
        right = left+width
        ax.imshow(X, interpolation='bicubic', cmap=cm.Blues,
                  extent=(left, right, bottom, top), alpha=1)

fig = figure()

xmin, xmax = xlim = 0,10
ymin, ymax = ylim = 0,1
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim,
                     autoscale_on=False)
X = [[.6, .6],[.7,.7]]

ax.imshow(X, interpolation='bicubic', cmap=cm.copper,
          extent=(xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax), alpha=1)

N = 10
x = nx.arange(N)+0.25
y = nx.mlab.rand(N)
gbar(ax, x, y, width=0.7)
ax.set_aspect('normal')
show()


From jordanm at austin.utexas.edu  Mon Jul 31 19:21:07 2006
From: jordanm at austin.utexas.edu (Jordan R McCoy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:21:07 -0500
Subject: ImportError raised in script, not interactive session.
References: <1154385724.409445.295570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <6EED8F7006A883459D4818686BCE3B3B0684FD@MAIL01.austin.utexas.edu>

Assuming your setting the target directory to the overwatch folder, and you are starting the interactive session in your home directory, this is what is happening. The folder containing your package must be in the python path, not the folder itself. Try "PYTHONPATH=/home/directory python test.py". The reason it works in the interactive session, assuming you are starting it from your home directory, is that the current directory of the session is placed at the front of the import path; the value of PYTHONPATH is merely added after the current directory, and before the standard directories.

If this isn't the case, what are you using for TARGET_DIR?

Jordan

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+jordanm=austin.utexas.edu at python.org on behalf of Adam Blinkinsop
Sent: Mon 7/31/2006 5:42 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: ImportError raised in script, not interactive session.
 
I'm writing a set of modules to monitor remote system services, and I'm
having a problem running my test scripts.  When I pass the scripts into
python, like so:

--
$ PYTHONPATH="${TARGET_DIR}" python test.py
--

I get an ImportError:

--
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./test.py", line 6, in ?
    from overwatch.view import console
ImportError: No module named view
--

However, when I load up an interactive Python session:

--
$ PYTHONPATH="${TARGET_DIR}" python
--

I can do the exact same import statement with no problem:

--
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Jul 28 2006, 09:40:08)
[GCC 3.4.4 (Gentoo 3.4.4-r1, ssp-3.4.4-1.0, pie-8.7.8)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from overwatch.view import console
>>> dir(console)
['Daemon', 'UI', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
'datetime']
--

My package directory is arranged under ${TARGET_DIR} as prescribed in
the Python docs:
overwatch/
..__init__.py
..[etc.]
..view/
....__init__.py
....console.py
....[etc.]

All modules involved are my own, and I'm setting PYTHONPATH so I can
test with the package installed in my home directory (which I use
distutils to do).  I've checked online, and double-checked the Python
docs to make sure my modules are arranged properly, and it all looks
alright.  Any ideas?

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From blair.houghton at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:43:05 2006
From: blair.houghton at gmail.com (Blair P. Houghton)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:43:05 -0700
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.06.12.19.42.943014@XmbstevensX.com>
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
	<1152125582.577222.95010@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e8ieca$68k$1$8302bc10@news.demon.co.uk>
	<pan.2006.07.06.12.19.42.943014@XmbstevensX.com>
Message-ID: <1152218585.147668.200200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


mbstevens wrote:
> In such a case you may need to make the page
> into one string to search if you don't want to use some complex
> method of tracking state with variables as you move from
> string to string.

In general it's a very hard problem to do stateful regexes.

I recall something from last year about the new Perl implementation
that tried to address this sort of problem.  But I may have been
reading old docs and it could have been done years ago.

Parsing the HTML would be the only sure way to accomplish
it.  Let something that already knows the hierarchy tell you
that you're entering a URL and you can skip past all of its
recursive inclusions of strings with URLs with strings that
have URLs and so on...

Of course, that means reconstructing the HTML from the
parse tree afterward...

--Blair



From taleinat at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 07:23:13 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 04:23:13 -0700
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152703393.005216.140380@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


girish at it.usyd.edu.au wrote:
> Hi,
>  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length >=2.
> Also,
> each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> versa.
>  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
>  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'],
> ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
>

In your last example you have ['ac','bd'], but neither 'ac' nor 'bd' is
a _substring_ of 'abcd'.

If you want to compute all possible (non-empty) sub-groups of a group
(a group of characters, in your case), that's really quite a common
algorthmic problem and you should be able to Google for a solution.

Once you have all possible subgroups, just make your (weird) pairs,
remove doubles (either by using a set or by sorting and removing
identical neighboring objects), and you're done.

If you're looking for a more efficient solution, specialized for your
specific problem, you'll have to explain more precisely what you're
trying to do, as well as why existing solutions aren't good enough.

- Tal



From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 16 06:14:04 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 12:14:04 +0200
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44BA116C.6080203@v.loewis.de>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> This raises a good question.  Is there a need for python to change
> somewhat to work better in an embedded profile?  

When I asked this question last on python-dev, there was exactly one
response, and that was "yes, it needs to change".

The natural question then is "in what way?". To this, the answer
was surprising: It needs better support for cross-compilation.
Apparently, cross-compiling Python is very painful, and I guess
cross-compiling distutils-based packages even more so.

Contributions in that direction are welcome.

Regards,
Martin


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 18 18:53:48 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 00:53:48 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf890$0$23096$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44bd64ed$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Volker Grabsch a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> schrieb:
> 
>>Carl Banks wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>I'm well aware of Python's semantics, and it's irrelvant to my
>>>argument.
> 
> [...]
> 
>>>If the language
>>>were designed differently, then the rules would be different.
>>
>>Totally true - and totally irrelevant IMHO.
> 
> 
> I strongly advise not to treat each others thoughts as irrelevant.
> Assuming the opposite is a base of every public dicussion forum.

"Irrelevant" may not be the best expression of my thought here - it's 
just that Carl's assertion is kind of a tautology and doesn't add 
anything to the discussion. If Python had been designed as statically 
typed (with declarative typing), the rules would be different. Yeah, 
great. And now ?

> I assume here is a flaw in Python. To explain this, I'd like to
> make Bruno's point

Actually Carl's point, not mine.

> clearer. As usually, code tells more then
> thousand words (an vice versa :-)).
> 
> Suppose you have two functions which somehow depend on the emptyness
> of a sequence. This is a stupid example, but it demonstrates at
> least the two proposed programming styles:
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
>>>>def test1(x): 
> 
> ...     if x:
> ...             print "Non-Empty"
> ...     else:
> ...             print "Empty"
> ... 
> 
>>>>def test2(x):
> 
> ...     if len(x) > 0:
> ...             print "Non-Empty"
> ...     else:
> ...             print "Empty"
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Bruno

Carl

> pointed out a subtle difference in the behaviour of those
> functions:
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
>>>>a = []     
>>>>test1(a)
> 
> Empty
> 
>>>>test1(iter(a))
> 
> Non-Empty
> 
>>>>test2(a)
> 
> Empty
> 
>>>>test2(iter(a))
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>   File "<stdin>", line 2, in test2
> TypeError: len() of unsized object
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> While test1() returns a wrong/random result when called with an
> iterator, the test2() function breaks when beeing called wrongly.

Have you tried these functions with a numpy array ?

> So if you accidently call test1() with an iterator, the program
> will do something unintended, and the source of that bug will be
> hard to find. So Bruno is IMHO right in calling that the source
> of a suptle bug.

Actually it's Carl who makes that point - MHO being that it's a 
programmer error to call a function with a param of the wrong type.

> However, if you call test2() with an iterator, the program will
> cleanly break early enough with an exception. That is generally
> wanted in Python. You can see this all over the language, e.g.
> with dictionaries:
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
>>>>d = { 'one': 1 }
>>>>print d['one']
> 
> 1
> 
>>>>print d['two']
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> KeyError: 'two'
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Python could have been designed to return None when d['two'] has been
> called, as some other (bad) programming languages would. This would
> mean that the problem will occur later in the program, making it easy
> to produce a subtle bug. It would be some effort to figure out the
> real cause, i.e. that d had no entry for 'two'.

I don't think the comparison is right. The equivalent situation would be 
to have a function trying to access d['two'] on a dict-like type that 
would return a default value instead of raising a KeyError.

> Luckily, Python throws an exception (KeyError) just at the original
> place where the initial mistake occured. If you *want* to get None in
> case of a missing key, you'll have to say this explicitly:
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
>>>>print d.get('two', None)
> 
> None
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 
> So maybe "bool()" should also break with an exception if an object
> has neither a __nonzero__ nor a __len__ method, instead of defaulting
> to True. 

FWIW, Carl's main example is with numpy arrays, that have *both* methods 
- __nonzero__ raising an expression.

> Or a more strict variant of bool() called nonempty() should
> exist.
> 
> Iterators don't have a meaningful Boolean representation,
> because
> phrases like "is zero" or "is empty" don't make sense for them.

If so, almost no type actually has a "meaningfull" boolean value. I'd 
rather say that iterators being unsized, the mere concept of an "empty" 
iterator has no meaning.

> So
> instead of answering "false", an iterator should throw an exception
> when beeing asked whether he's empty.



> If a function expects an object to have a certain protocol (e.g.
> sequence), and the given object doesn't support that protocol,
> an exception should be raised.

So you advocate static typing ? Note that numpy arrays actually have 
both __len__ and __nonzero__ defined, the second being defined to 
forgive boolean coercion...

> This usually happens automatically
> when the function calls a non-existing method, and it plays very
> well with duck typing.
> 
> test2() behaves that way, but test1() doesn't. The reason is a
> sluttery of Python. Python should handle that problem as strict
> as it handles a missing key in a dictionary. Unfortunately, it
> doesn't.

Then proceed to write a PEP proposing that evaluating the truth value of 
an iterator would raise a TypeError. Just like numpy arrays do - as a 
decision of it's authors.

> I don't agree with Bruno

s/bruno/Carl/

> that it's more natural to write
>     if len(a) > 0:
>     ...
> instead of
>     if a:
>     ...
> 
> But I think that this is a necessary kludge you need to write
> clean code. Otherwise you risk to create subtle bugs.

s/you risk to create/careless programmers will have to face/

And FWIW, this is clearly not the opinion of numpy authors, who state 
that having len > 0 doesn't means the array is "not empty"...

> This advise,
> however, only applies when your function wants a sequence, because
> only in that can expect "len(a)" to work.

Since sequence types are defined as having a False value when empty, 
this test is redondant *and* "will create subtle bugs" when applied to a 
numpy array.

> I also agree with Carl that "if len(a) > 0" is less universal than
> "if a", because the latter also works with container-like objects
> that have a concept of emptiness, 

s/emptiness/boolean value/

> but not of length.

> However, this case is less likely to happen than shooting yourself
> in the foot by passing accidently an iterator to the function
> without getting an exception. I think, this flaw in Python is deep
> enough to justify the "len() > 0" kludge.

It surely justify some thinking on the boolean value of iterators. Since 
the common idiom for testing non-None objects is an explicit identity 
test against None - which makes sens since empty sequences and zero 
numerics eval to False in a boolean context - the less inappropriate 
solution would be to have iterators implementing __nonzero__ like numpy 
arrays do.

> 
> IMHO, that flaw of Python should be documented in a PEP as it violates
> Python's priciple of beeing explicit.

Here again, while I agree that there's room for improvement, I don't 
agree on this behaviour being a "flaw" - "minor wart" would better 
describe the situation IMHO.


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:34:08 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:34:08 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ea2ais$jud$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8538.1153851890.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153914327.251942.234730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153924448.698636.160630@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Ray wrote:
>
> The lack of support for Oracle and SQL Server by Django is also a
> killer that'll prevent Django from being picked up by a LOT of
> companies (sadly, including mine :( ).
>

Uh, yeah. I was aware of Django but haven't had the time to delve into
it. If it doesn't support these larger scale database server types that
would indeed throw a red flag up in certain environments. What all
types doesn't it support? MySQL, PgSQL, SQL Lite, Pervasive SQL? I
know. I haven't made Google my friend and haven't STFW :-/



From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:15:58 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:15:58 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
In-Reply-To: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153311358.251154.37390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

> fout = open('somefile','w')
> for line in convertedData:
>   fout.write("%s\n" % line)
> fout.close()
>
>  -- or --
>
> fout = open('somefile','w')
> fout.write("%s" % '\n'.join(convertedData))
> fout.close()

I shouldn't think it matters too much which of these you use - time
them and see what happens.

> An issue that I'm probably most concerned with is scalabitiy, what if
> the file was huge, like some sort of log file.

Sucking in the entire file into a list won't scale well, as a huge log
file could quickly eat all of your available memory. You'd be better
off processing each line as you go, and writing it to a temp file,
renaming the temp file once you have finished. Something like:

in_f = "access.log"
out_f = "access.log.tmp"

infile = open(in_f)
outfile = open(out_f)

for line in infile:
    outfile.write(process(line))

infile.close()
outfile.close()

os.remove(in_f)
os.rename(out_f, in_f)

(Not tested, but you get the idea...)



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 21:01:04 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 18:01:04 -0700
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152320464.352474.125710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Experimenting, I found that

>>> x.fun = lambda: fun(x)

works as well. Any comments on this way?



From irrwitz at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 10:15:13 2006
From: irrwitz at hotmail.com (Patrick Bothe)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:15:13 +0200
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <1153230430.128322.4590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8296.1153228501.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153230430.128322.4590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9iqdg$cna$1@ariadne.rz.tu-clausthal.de>

placid wrote:
> this is one of my aims in life, to bloody understand this 1337 speak!
100k h3r3, 8|2o:
    http://www.1337.net/

Regards,
     Patrick

Ps:
The translator might come in handy.

-- 
2 does not equal 3. Even for large values of 2.


From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 11:52:06 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 08:52:06 -0700
Subject: 2 timers, doesnt work?
Message-ID: <1153842726.327272.71850@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I am creating 2 timers inside a GUI, but it seems that only the one
declared last (the second timer), gets triggered, but the first one
doesnt.

Here is the code for the timers:
# main timer, which governs when the register watcher get updated
self.mainTimer = wx.Timer(self)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.UpdateAll, self.mainTimer)
self.mainTimer.Start(5, False)

# graph timer, which governs when the graph gets updated
self.grphTimer = wx.Timer(self)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.upGrphDisplay, self.grphTimer)
self.grphTimer.Start(101, False)

So in this case, only the upGrphDisplay method gets called, the
UpdateAll function doesnt get called.

Any clues as to why this is happening? 

thanks a lot!
-- kiran



From nogradi at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 10:34:18 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 16:34:18 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.16.13.40.10.287426@gmx.net>
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.16.13.40.10.287426@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607160734h41f5876by4899c6e7d8d22aad@mail.gmail.com>

> > More precisely I have a module m with some content:
> >
> > # m.py
> > class A:
> >     pass
> > class x( A ):
> >     pass
> > class y( A ):
> >     pass
> > # all kinds of other objects follow
> > # end of m.py
> >
> > and then in another module I have currently:
> >
> > # n.py
> > import m
> > x = m.x( )
> > y = m.y( )
> > # end of n.py
> >
> > and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
> > instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
> > classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
> > are subclasses of A.
> >
> > Any ideas?
>
> Just go through the objects in the module, test if they are classes,
> subclasses of `A` and not `A` itself:
>
> from inspect import isclass
> import test
>
> instances = dict()
> for name in dir(test):
>     obj = getattr(test, name)
>     if isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, test.A) and obj is not test.A:
>         instances[name] = obj()


Thanks, this looks pretty good. However there is some wierdness with
isclass: whenever a class has a __getattr__ method an instance of it
will be detected by isclass as a class (although it is not).

>>> from inspect import isclass
>>>
>>> class x:
...     def __getattr__( self, attr ):
...         pass
...
>>> y = x( )
>>> isclass( y )
True
>>>

If there is no __getattr__ method isclass works as expected. Am I
misunderstanding something here or isclass should return False for any
instance of any class including those with a __getattr__ method?


From Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net  Fri Jul 28 16:42:53 2006
From: Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net (Dennis Benzinger)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 22:42:53 +0200
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ca76d0$1@news.uni-ulm.de>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> My server.py looks like this
> 
> ---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> import socket
> import sys
> import os
> 
> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> host = ''
> port = 2000
> 
> s.bind((host,port))
> s.listen(1)
> conn, addr = s.accept()
> print 'client is at', addr
> 
> while True:
> 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> 		print 'MaxiSim'
> 		os.system('notepad')
> 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> 		print 'Driving Sim'
> 		os.system('explorer')
> 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> 		print 'Shutting down...'
> 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> 		conn.close()
> 		break
> -------------------------------------------CODE
> END-------------------------------------
> 
> I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> down.
> 
> When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
> Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
> command.
> 
> Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.
> 


os.system() blocks until the called program has finished. Use the 
subprocess module <http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html>:

<untested_code>

import subprocess

subprocess.Popen("notepad")

</untested_code>


Dennis


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 23:08:12 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 22:08:12 -0500
Subject: readline not found error
In-Reply-To: <1434050.ThZ3FZWsET@teancum>
References: <1281986.ul55GTaPfd@teancum>	<mailman.8770.1154393876.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1434050.ThZ3FZWsET@teancum>
Message-ID: <eamgid$ec5$1@sea.gmane.org>

David Bear wrote:

> okay. Since I grabbed the python tar file from python.org, do I then assume
> that readline is not included in the python source distribution? if so,
> where would I find it. If not, what different build instructions do I need
> to follow to make it build with readline?

Oops. Sorry, I missed that part of what you said. Use

   $ ./configure --enable-readline

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From da.martian at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 11:53:09 2006
From: da.martian at gmail.com (ChaosKCW)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 08:53:09 -0700
Subject: FTP (ftplib) output capture
Message-ID: <1154361189.292460.108940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi

Has anyone caputerd the output from the std ftp lib? It seems a bit
annoying that everything is printed to stdout. It means incorporating
this into any real program is a problem. It would have been much better
if they used the std logging module and hooked up a console logger for
the feault ftp application. Alas it isnt that way.

Capturing stdout like this??? :

import sys

sys.stdout = open('bb', 'w)

But I want to re-route it to the logging module not a file , so do I
need to write a steam object? 

Thanks,



From nogradi at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 11:16:18 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 17:16:18 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
In-Reply-To: <e9djvf$lm1$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.16.13.40.10.287426@gmx.net>
	<mailman.8234.1153060461.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9djvf$lm1$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607160816j4cedde29y3e03ff5ebbb1b72b@mail.gmail.com>

> > >>> from inspect import isclass
> > >>>
> > >>> class x:
> >  ...     def __getattr__( self, attr ):
> >  ...         pass
> >  ...
> > >>> y = x( )
> > >>> isclass( y )
> > True
>
> Which reinforces Michael Spencer's instinct that the inspect.isclass()
> implementation is a bit too clever

Wouldn't the word 'broken' be more appropriate? :)

>
> isinstance(obj, (types.ClassType, type))
>

Thanks a lot this indeed works.


From tinydesks at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 14:26:48 2006
From: tinydesks at gmail.com (cheeky)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:26:48 -0700
Subject: import error
Message-ID: <1154370408.620247.74670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi, all.

I now really like to program with Python, even though I'm a newbie. I
have difficulty in solving the following problem.

$ python
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "x.py", line 6, in ?
    import calendar, time
  File "time.py", line 5, in ?
    now = time.time()
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

I now see the above error message. The source code is the following.

$ cat -n x.py
     1  #!/usr/bin/python
     2
     3  import traceback
     4
     5  from datetime import date
     6  import calendar, time

I don't have the line now = time.time() which encountered an error in
the previous step. I removed that line but I still see the error.

Someone says I should reload time module. However, I can't even import
time module. That's why I can't even try to reload time module name.

What's wrong with me? I'm studying on Ubuntu Linux. On Window IDLE
doesn't seem to have this problem. I saw someone saying it could be
happening when running independent script. I don't know what is right.

I really would like to know what is going on my system and how to clear
the past information. Thank you.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul 29 12:42:36 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 16:42:36 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c91835$0$32216$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneckjej.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<24olc2hdq94ot9rga42gfvub8ejc0p4l9d@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecn3vr.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-29, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 28 Jul 2006 17:48:03 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> 
>> That is no reason to say that python has no variables. If someone would
>> explain the difference between objects in some other language and
>> objects in python I wouldn't accept the statement: "python has no
>> objects" either.
>>
> 	Python objects can exist without a "variable" bound to them...
> Though typically such would soon be garbage collected <G>

Well C++ objects can exist without a "variable" bound to them.
We just call them memory leaks <G>

> 	Traditional languages are the other way around... If a variable
> exists, it may exist with no object/value (ie, it is uninitialized -- a
> big problem in C).

What do you call traditional? Lisp is about as old as Fortran AFAIK.

> Python names can not exist (and be used) without
> being bound to some object (even None is a defined object). Attempting
> to use a name that has not been bound gives you the "unbound local" type
> problem.

> 	Yes, some other languages do define special flag values so that they
> can detect the usage of an uninitialized item... But the variable itself
> exists regardless; you can not detach the object from the variable
> (except by assigning something else to the variable).

I'm not so sure Python is that different. The fact that you get
an UnboundLocalError, instead of a NameError, suggests that in
the first case, the 'variable' already exists but is bound to
a "Not yet Bound" value. Not so long ago I was discussing some
implementation details of CPython and someone then said that
all local variables are entered into the local scope at call
time. This was to prevent the language to find variables
that are shadowed on a more global scope because the local
variable wasn't boud yet.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:48:42 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:48:42 -0700
Subject: Can't Get A Selection from Tktable...
Message-ID: <1152643722.596242.241020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
I have a Tktable object (self.table) and when I click on a row the
whole row is selected.

If I click of a button to get the row contents then

self.table.curselection() fails with a traceback of:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py",
line 1345, in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "/Users/jerry/python/PyPgExplorerUni/Resources/editor.py", line
159, in deleteRow
    print self.table.curselection()
  File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
line 139, in curselection
    return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
  File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
line 106, in _getCells
    for i in string.split(cellString):
  File
"/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/string.py",
line 292, in split
    return s.split(sep, maxsplit)
AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split'

It is my reading that curselection will return the indices of the
selected cells...

Help,

Jerry



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 21:31:12 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 18:31:12 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153963872.515583.7450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Summercooln... at gmail.com wrote:
> how about the discrepancy between
>
> >>> print 1.2345
>
> 1.2345
>
> >>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug
>
>      1.234
>
> the first one, print knows enough to recognize and print it as 1.2345.
> however, in the second line, when it is round off, it doesn't know it
> is 1.2345 any more.

I think maybe this is the reason:  the first one, print will print it
out with a rounding to the 11th decimal point, therefore hiding any
floating point imperfection.

however, in the second one, print will not first round it off to the
11th decimal point with a subsequent rounding off to the 3rd decimal
point.  In that case, the floating point imperfection is manifested.
(by thinking it is 1.2344999999999999)

a question is:  since print can nicely hide and smooth out the floating
point imperfection, and probably most people prefer it that way, how
come the implementation of print "%10.3f" doesn't also do that --
eliminating the imperfection first, and then print it out accordingly.
I think one argument is the loss of precision, but we only print it,
rather than modify the number or the variable itself...   hm... say, if
a bank uses python to print out the "change that should be returned to
the customer" using print "%20.2f", then there will be a cent missing
here and there...  why not smooth out that imperfection and return that
penny to the customer?  (not that they really care).



From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 05:59:45 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 02:59:45 -0700
Subject: pasting numpy array into bigger array
Message-ID: <1153907985.218661.28380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hi.

let's say I have :

from numpy import *
x = identity(5)
y = zeros((7,7))

I want to paste x into y, starting at coordinates (1,1) in order to
change y to something like this :

0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

how would you do that ?



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:41:02 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:41:02 -0300
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153596758.673005.234110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8427.1153667098.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153758314.856476.166040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <13u50pz3ly9v6.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 13:25:14, fuzzylollipop wrote:

>> So... the final authority /is/ the code. I don't see an alternative. For
>> me, good abstraction doesn't mean I don't have to read the sources; good
>> abstraction means (among other things) that I can read the sources easily.

> having auto generated docs, which means the documentatin is in the code
> as doc strings, javadoc, reflex, or whatever format is the BEST way of
> doing API documentation, period.

It may be the best way, no contest to that. But it still is not the code.
(I actually think that possibly the current way of embedding javadoc-like
documentation into sources is only a stepping stone into the direction
generally pointed to by what Wirth called "literate programming". In any
case, I'd rather not call it the "best way, period"; calling it the "best
currently widely supported way" seems more appropriate to me.)

Even doc strings tend to get out of sync with the code. And even doc
strings document (at best) what the code should do, not what it actually
does. And even doc strings are not always complete in describing the
functionality.

So auto generated docs are also incomplete and out of sync with the code,
sometimes more, sometimes less, sometimes so little that it is not
relevant. But you can't know how much out of sync they are from reading the
docs alone. So when push comes to shove (or so the saying goes? :), the
code is the authority. Even with auto generated docs. Period... ?!? <g>

Gerhard



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 09:35:25 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:35:25 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154323391.323487.251840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <TInzg.1788$W93.1190@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>>
>> Yes I had arm in mind (for some reason) while it is the Smc8831
>>
(http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&start=1&q=http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/944b73008b0bad33492570a00015d6ba/%24FILE/S5U1C88000C_2Ev3.pdf&e=9797)
> 
> That appears to be volume 2 of the 2-volume set of manuals that come
> with the tools package. It says that vol 1 has details about the C
> compiler.
> 
> This appears to be volume 1:
>
http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/1410881ddee374f7492570a00015d65e/$FILE/C88000C_1Ev3.pdf
> 
> Section 1.2.3 Data Types mentions unsigned and signed long (32-bit)
> data types. There are several references to "long" later, including
> declarations in sample C code, and details of how long (32-bit)
> function args are passed.
> 
> There appears to be a fundamental disconnection here somewhere ...

Just trust me John, I do not have access to 32 bit ints/longs.

Regards,

Philippe



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 10:06:43 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:06:43 +0200
Subject: local moduile acess from cgi-bin
In-Reply-To: <1153835528.499270.284150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153835528.499270.284150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c62574$0$18935$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

noro wrote:
> hello all.
> 
> I do some coding in python but this is my first attampt to write
> somthing for hte web.
> 
> I need to write a cgi-bin script for a web-server, and i've got the
> access for it from our "SYSTEM". the problem is that this script uses
> some modules (pg, pyLab) that i've installed localy in my home dir.
> Python knows how to find them due to an enviorment variable inthe shell
> (please corrent me if i'm wrong).
> 
> now, i am by no means big expert about web servers, but if i got it
> right, the web server run under some user ("www-data" or such).
> so howi can i make this user (and the web) be able to run my python
> code without having to install the modules as shared. (which i dont
> think they will allow me).

import sys
sys.path.append('/home/amir/<wherever-your-modules-are>')

should do the trick.

HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 07:14:46 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 04:14:46 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Vincent,

If you plant to deploy on Unix/Linux, why develop on Windows? I would
suggest to make a partition on your Windows machine and install some
popular Linux distribution (I use Ubuntu but there are others too.)

The biggest benefit will come from the fact that you will have access
to a large pre-packaged set of IDEs, utilities, libraries, python
modules, all kinds of Apache modules and so on. Mind you, there are
probably more Python IDEs and tools that work better(natively) in Linux
than in Windows (ipython and Eric3 are the ones that come to mind).
This way you can quickly try various IDEs and tools for a couple of
days to find what you like, just do 'apt-get install <my_new_ide>' (for
Debian based distros like Debian and Ubuntu that is) and your new IDE
will appear in the Programming menu.

As far as a specific IDE, I already mentioned Eric3, I think it is the
most polished one.  I have tried Komodo, SPE, pydev and Emacs. I have
settled on Eric3 and sometimes I use Emacs (please don't start editor
wars over this, these are just my personal views!). I found Komodo to
be too slow on my machine, SPE was also slow, was crashing on me and
had strange gui issues, pydev works  with Eclipse so you have to
install that too, also found it to have quite a few rough edges. Emacs
is actaully pretty good if you got used to the keys, but lacks basic
refactoring and other small helper tools  that  IDEs have. Also  I
found ipython to be a very useful replacement for the standard Python
prompt.

Not sure what kind of a GUI designer you would want for a web based
application. Or is it for an administration module with a gui? In that
case you'll first have to choose the GUI toolkit. The default one that
comes with Python is Tk (Tkinter) and there are others like wxPython,
PyGTK, PyQT and so on. In general though, the time spent learning how
to design a gui with a designer could probably be used to just write
the code yourself in Python (now for Java or C++ it is a different
story... -- you can start a war over this ;-)

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc








Vincent Delporte wrote:
> Hello
>
> I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
>
> What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> 
> Thank you.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul  3 18:29:39 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 00:29:39 +0200
Subject: inline metaclasses
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>

In <1151952177.002598.40850 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, gangesmaster
wrote:

> just something i thought looked nice and wanted to share with the rest
> of you:
> 
>>>> class x(object):
> ...     def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):
> ...             print "hello"
> ...             return type(name, bases, dict)
> ...
> hello
>>>>
> 
> instead of defining a separate metaclass function/class, you can do
> it inline. isn't that cool?

But why use a metaclass?  If the meta class is only applied to *one*
class, can't you do at class level whatever the metaclass is doing!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 10 11:35:19 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:35:19 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b273b8$0$14337$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> an unreliable and tedious search and replace

find and grep are usually mostly reliable for this kind of tasks.

> accross several source
> code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
> attribute and move on.

Why did you change the name of the attribute ? If it was to better
reflect the semantic, then it's a change in the API and getters/setters
wouldn't have help (you'd have to do the same "tedious and unreliable"
search/replace dance). If it's about implementation, then it was time to
use a property - that's what they are for.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 22:00:27 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:00:27 -0500
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <1153255436.114521.92170@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8289.1153220230.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153255436.114521.92170@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17597.37435.444047.955114@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    >> Hm.... didn't I leave ctypes in there?  I added calldll because it
    >> had a really nice can opener.

Oh, I have no idea (didn't download).  I just sort of assumed if you had
included calldll you probably hadn't included ctypes.

Skip


From quentel.pierre at wanadoo.fr  Sat Jul 15 16:29:09 2006
From: quentel.pierre at wanadoo.fr (Pierre Quentel)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 13:29:09 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152995348.911807.82920@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

If the line number of the first line is 0 :

source=open('afile.txt')
for i,line in enumerate(source):
    if i == line_num:
        break
print line

Pierre



From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Mon Jul 10 14:39:03 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 11:39:03 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> > Q2: Must I do free(my_array); at end of function??
> unless some other part of your program holds on to it

F.

Thanks!  If I understand you correctly then I never have
to do free(my_array); because all the elements
of my_array are still being used and appended to other
structures elsewhere right?

As long as each element of my_array is managed
properly and freed properly there is  NEVER any
reason to worry about fact that free(my_array)
will never get run right?


cs



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Wed Jul 26 13:17:17 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:17:17 GMT
Subject: extender method
References: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8573.1153932203.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <xsNxg.9546$Cn6.58@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Chris Lambacher" <chris at kateandchris.net> wrote in message
news:mailman.8573.1153932203.27775.python-list at python.org...
> On Wed, Jul 26, 2006 at 09:21:10AM -0700, davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> > 'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
> > explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
> > follows:
> >
> > class Super:
> >    def method(self):
> >    # do stuff
> >
> > class Extender(Super):
> >    def method(self):
> >    Super.method(self)   # call the method in super
> >    # do more stuff - additional stuff here
> >

With new-style classes (where Super inherits from object), I think the
preferred style is now:

  super(Extender,self).__init__(**kwargs)

Instead of

  Super.__init__(self,**kwargs)


class Super(object):
    def __init__(self, **kargs):
        print kargs
        self.data = kargs

class Extender(Super):
    def __init__(self, **kargs):
        #~ Super.__init__(self, **kargs)   # call the constructor method in
Super
        super(Extender,self).__init__(**kargs)

e = Extender(a=123)

prints:
{'a': 123}

-- Paul




From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul  3 17:03:02 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 23:03:02 +0200
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <4gteqoF1om26uU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<4gteqoF1om26uU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <4gtf05F1om26uU2@uni-berlin.de>

Premature sending syndrome...

Diez B. Roggisch schrieb:
> thorley at gmail.com schrieb:
>> Greetings, since there was no reponse to my previous post about an
>> existing FastCGI server in python, I've taken to writing my own. (which
>> of course I'll share--*if* there's something to share ;)
>>
>> My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
>> socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
>> packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.
>>
>> socket.send, as best I can tell, will only send strings. I've read on
>> the list other conversations where the recommendation was to use xdrlib
>> or struct. But it appears that is only useful when you control the
>> client and the server. PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, but using struct
>> just encodes the binary data as a string, right?

Python strings are binary data and can contain
  - in oppostion to e.g. C-strings - null-bytes.

So it is perfectly alright to send "only" strings over a socket.

Diez


From http  Wed Jul 19 19:29:38 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 16:29:38 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Gabriele *darkbard* Farina" <darkbard at gmail.com> writes:
> There is a way to reach this point without using rexec? 

Not without a totally separate interpreter.  If rexec were so easy
to fix, they'd fix it.

> There is a way to start a python interpreter from python to run the
> scripts?

Of course; use os.popen or something like that.  Maybe not what you wanted.

> My final goal is to develop a simple fastcgi script that, based on
> configuration files, is able to host different applications without
> need to copy the script for any application and with any risk that the
> scripts will ifluence in any way each other.

You really can't.  You need a separate interpreter for each user.


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 04:58:41 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:58:41 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44c86f23$0$25148$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c86f23$0$25148$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153990721.593878.55700@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> <ot>Ray, please, don't top-post</ot>

Um, top-post? I'm using Google News and it looks like it is placed
correctly in the thread... or you're referring to a different thing?

<snip>

Ray



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 15 02:59:02 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 18:59:02 +1200
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
References: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12bbofei9iiffa7@corp.supernews.com>
	<1152793219.333586.59410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-96ACF9.18590215072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1152793219.333586.59410 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
 "Wesley Henwood" <wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com> wrote:

>I've checked and double checked my code and I am closing all files
>explicitly after opening them.

If you're running your program under Linux, a very easy way to confirm 
this is to look in the directory

    /proc/<pid>/fd

where <pid> is the PID of your running program. In here you will see a 
symlink to every file your program has open, the name of the link being 
the file descriptor number.

To make it easier to watch, you may want to stick in a sleep of a few 
seconds in-between iterations of the code that executes the Python 
script.

If you see the entries piling up in this directory, that will confirm 
that you're not closing those files.


From russandheather at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:41:00 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 07:41:00 -0700
Subject: How to convert arbitrary objects directly to base64 without initial
	string conversion?
Message-ID: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I've got a case where I want to convert binary blocks of data (various
ctypes objects) to base64 strings.

The conversion calls in the base64 module expect strings as input, so
right now I'm converting the binary blocks to strings first, then
converting the resulting string to base64.  This seems highly
inefficient and I'd like to just go straight from binary to a base64
string.

Here is the conversion we're using from object to string...

import ctypes
def ObjAsString(obj):
  sz = ctypes.sizeof(obj)
  charArray = ctypes.c_char * sz
  buf = charArray.from_address(ctypes.addressof(obj))
  return buf.raw[:sz]

The returned string can then be sent to base64 for conversion (although
we're actually using xmlrpc.Binary), but there is obviously some waste
in here.

import base64
b64 = base64.b64encode(ObjAsString(foo))

Is there a canned/pre-existing way to convert a block of memory to a
base64 string more efficiently?  I'd like to avoid writing my own
base64 conversion routine if possible.  Anyone have any good ideas?
Even a mroe efficient/less clunky way of conevrting an arbitrary object
to a string would be appreciated.

Thanks,
Russ



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul 15 04:20:21 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:20:21 +0200
Subject: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?
In-Reply-To: <20060715000039.62797.qmail@web52308.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <20060715000039.62797.qmail@web52308.mail.yahoo.com>
Message-ID: <e9a8g5$7fc$1@sea.gmane.org>

Jeremy Winters wrote:

> Installable package?
> 
> Any ideas?

is RedHat no longer providing pre-built packages for their distributions  ?

</F>



From roman.yakovenko at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 14:07:58 2006
From: roman.yakovenko at gmail.com (Roman Yakovenko)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:07:58 +0300
Subject: Python and Boost.
In-Reply-To: <1153839690.321621.256040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153839690.321621.256040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7465b6170607251107o271615dfg8df95ff9e6502a15@mail.gmail.com>

On 25 Jul 2006 08:01:30 -0700, KraftDiner <bobrien18 at yahoo.com> wrote:
> Hi, I'm trying to call a C++ class from python.
> I've looked around and the solution would appear to be boost.

Right!

> I'm not sure but maybe I've downloaded and installed the entire boost
> library,
> when there is probably a separate tar ball for python / C++
> integration.
> Can someone please point me to a tar ball for mac os x so that I can
> call
> my C++ class from Python?

It is not clear what you are asking for.

You can download the tar ball from boost site.
After this use bcp(http://boost.org/tools/bcp/bcp.html) utility to extract
boost.python and its dependencies.

After this you can read tutorials and to start working.

Anyway, it is better to ask Boost.Python related questions on it's mailing list:
http://boost.org/more/mailing_lists.htm#cplussig

-- 
Roman Yakovenko
C++ Python language binding
http://www.language-binding.net/


From ziga.seilnacht at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 13:43:00 2006
From: ziga.seilnacht at gmail.com (Ziga Seilnacht)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 10:43:00 -0700
Subject: PyPy and constraints
References: <1151836641.760950.46510@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151862180.775233.270610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Paddy wrote:
> I followed the recent anouncement of version 0.9 of PyPi and found out
> that there was work included on adding constraint satisfaction solvers
> to PyPy:
>   http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/howto-logicobjspace-0.9.html
>
> I was wondering if this was a possibiity for "mainstream" python, and
> wether the the algorithms used could handle the kind of use mentioned
> here:
>
> http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/d297170cfbf1bb34/d4773320e3417d9c?q=constraints+paddy3118&rnum=3#d4773320e3417d9c
>
> Thanks, Paddy.

See: http://www.logilab.org/projects/constraint

Hope this helps,
Ziga



From eduardo.padoan at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 11:29:59 2006
From: eduardo.padoan at gmail.com (eduardo.padoan at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 08:29:59 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (a RFC)
In-Reply-To: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152113399.766024.7750@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Ops, sorry about my ugly english.
> I have some ideas about an ORM design, but have no time to start its
> development.
> I used SQLObject, Django's Model, and looked at SQLAlchemy and Dejavu,
> and readed some threads in the last year or so.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 07:55:37 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:55:37 +0200
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8itnp$8b8$1@sea.gmane.org>

"manstey" <manstey at csu.edu.au> wrote:

> but I can't find an equivalent code for:
>
> a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if tup in a:
>   < ...>
>
> I can only do:
>
> if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
>   <...>
>
> but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.
>
> Is there a way around this?

is the "def" statement broken in your Python version ?

    def findany(text, words):
        for w in words:
            if w in text:
                return True
        return False

    if findany(a, tup):
        ...

</F> 





From nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 19:27:36 2006
From: nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com (Neil Hodgson)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 23:27:36 GMT
Subject: problem in executing a file
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8125.1152800481.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8125.1152800481.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <IFAtg.4482$tE5.3752@news-server.bigpond.net.au>

Ernesto:

> import os
> os.system("file.exe parameters")
> 
> but I received an error like "cmd.exe : permission deneided"
> 
> Probably I don't have the permission to execute the file. However, the server
> administrator said me that he cannot give me the permission, but I can also use
> ed execute files in my folder. so, is there a way to execute a file in my folder
> using python and not the os module?

    Try using os.exec* as they shouldn't need an intermediate copy of 
cmd.exe to run your file.

    Neil


From deets at nospam.web.de  Fri Jul 14 09:52:22 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:52:22 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
In-Reply-To: <slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>

Sybren Stuvel schrieb:
> Diez B. Roggisch enlightened us with:
>> Of course not. AFAIK there is no way figuring out which encoding the
>> target console supports. The best you can do is to offer an option
>> that allwos selection of the output encoding.
> 
> You can use the LANG environment variable on many systems. On mine,
> it's set to en_GB.UTF-8, which causes a lot of software to
> automatically choose the right encoding.

That might be a good heuristic - but on my Mac no LANG is set. So I 
should paraphrase my statement to "There is no reliable and 
cross-platform way figuring out which encoding the console uses".

Diez


From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 03:00:48 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 00:00:48 -0700
Subject: python and JMS
In-Reply-To: <1154219685.571985.221730@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154219685.571985.221730@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154242848.552773.279080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> I am looking to use python to talk to JMS. Can some please point me to
> such resources if this is possible.

JPype
http://jpype.sourceforge.net/

Jython
http://www.jython.org/



From manpreetsk at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 00:59:39 2006
From: manpreetsk at gmail.com (Manpreet Singh)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:29:39 +0530
Subject: Using Bandwidth throtlling with python!
Message-ID: <ce777fc10607162159s3520332la42f6f4d39777e86@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,
    I am using python2.4 for one of my application where I need to use
paramiko for doing sftp.

My application sftp to a server and get all the data needed locally.
Now I have a utility names TRICKLE which does bandwidth throtlling.
i.e. it control the data flow.

Now if I use trickle with my python script it does not throttle the
bandwith, but if I run it standalone i.e. if I do sftpp directly using
trickle I can do it easily.
The same code is working fine in linux but not in Sun solaris machine.
I am running it on sun sparc V240.

Can anyone please help me with this problem.

I have done all I can do but it seems the problem is with paramiko. I
might be wrong also.

Please help

Manpreet


From aleax at mac.com  Wed Jul  5 10:38:03 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 07:38:03 -0700
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
References: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1hhymeu.1eq6sdi1gwb9cpN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1phrcluj5f0ju$.1j483d5qj7yqk$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1152090282.277418.78650@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhzrmu.1pnfj7i1njli4pN%aleax@mac.com>

Ant <antroy at gmail.com> wrote:

> > Thanks, that's awesome! Definitely not something I'd have ever been able
> > to work out myself - I think I need to learn more about nested functions
> > and introspection.
> 
> I've recently found nested functions incredibly useful in many places
> in my code, particularly as a way of producing functions that are
> pre-set with some initialization data. I've written a bit about it
> here: http://antroy.blogspot.com/ (the entry about Partial Functions)
> 
> > > def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
> > >   def decorated(self):
> > >     if n in self._memo: return self._memo[n]
> > >     result = self._memo[n] = m(self)
> > >     return result
> > >   decorated.__name__ = n
> > >   setattr(cls, n, decorated)
> 
> Couldn't this be more simply written as:
> 
>  def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
>    def decorated(self):
>      if not n in self._memo:
>           self._memo[n] = m(self)
>      return self._memo[n]
>    decorated.__name__ = n
>    setattr(cls, n, decorated)

Yes, at a tiny performance cost (probably hard to measure), though I
would spell the guard "if n not in self._memo:" :-).


> I've not seen the use of chained = statements before. Presumably it
> sets all variables to the value of the last one?

It sets all ``variables'' ("left-hand sides", LHS) to the right-hand
side (RHS) value; here, it lets you avoid an extra indexing in order to
obtain the value to return (a tiny cost, to be sure).


Alex


From konrad.hinsen at laposte.net  Wed Jul 19 11:58:33 2006
From: konrad.hinsen at laposte.net (Konrad Hinsen)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:58:33 +0200
Subject: ScientificPython - LeastSquareFit diverges
In-Reply-To: <1153320823.944641.260330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8311.1153259067.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153320823.944641.260330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <5C52177E-5559-47BE-AF31-65F6F26F4ECA@laposte.net>

On Jul 19, 2006, at 16:53, Harold Fellermann wrote:

> :-) Anyway, I had
> the impression that the leastSquaresFit in Scientific Python is an
> implementation of
> the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm as it is presented in the Numerical
> Recipes.

True.

> Accoring
> to reviews, this algorithm is not famous for its stability
> (e.g. http://www.stanford.edu/class/cme302/wnnr/nr.html). Better
> implementations
> are out there (e.g. http://www.ics.forth.gr/~lourakis/levmar/). Are
> there any plans to
> improve the SciPy algorithm? Would it be a welcome contribution to
> SciPy to work
> this part out?

Yes, definitely. And no, I have no plans to do it myself any time  
soon. The current implementation has always been sufficient for my  
needs, and time is scarce...

BTW, ScientificPython (http://dirac.cnrs-orleans.fr/ 
ScientificPython/) is not the same thing as SciPy (http:// 
www.scipy.org/). Both are scientific libraries for Python, but their  
focus is different: ScientificPython aims at providing pythonic  
modules for scientific computing, whereas SciPy's objective is to  
provide Python interfaces to the large pool of scientific libraries  
from the Fortran/C/C++ world. Scientific users of Python should  
probably have both of them installed.

Konrad.
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Konrad Hinsen
Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
Saint Aubin - BP 48
91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
E-Mail: hinsen at cnrs-orleans.fr
---------------------------------------------------------------------




From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 13:51:12 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (dan.winsor at gmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:51:12 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
Message-ID: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I'm trying to write through SOAPpy in python to a Java implemented API.
 The API for the method I want to use is as follows:

boolean added = SoapService.addAttachmentsToIssue(token,
               issue.getKey(),
               new String[]{fileName},
               new byte[][]{getBytesFromFile(tmpFile)});

I've got everything covered except for the byte array.  The byte array
should be holding the contents of the attachment(s) I want to send
thorugh the API.  However, no matter how I try it, Java on the other
end doesn't like what I'm passing it there.

How can I mimic a byte array in python?  Suggestions on things to try?



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul 25 10:41:58 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:41:58 +0200
Subject: Missing rotor module
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>

I'm in the midle of porting a python 1.5 application to 2.4

I just discovered that the rotor encryption module isn't part anymore of
the 2.4 distribution.

Is there a way to add this module to 2.4, or what would be the simplest
way to replace this.
The existing application makes use of the rotor module everywhere, which
means in a lot of modules.

Thanks for any ideas

Rony



From jjl at pobox.com  Wed Jul 26 18:49:47 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:49:47 GMT
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
Message-ID: <877j20nfqs.fsf@pobox.com>

Joe Knapka <jk.usenet at kneuro.net> writes:

> John J. Lee wrote:
> 
> > The fact that "open classes" are apparently thought to be a good thing
> > in Ruby puzzles (and worries) me.
> 
> This objection strikes me as having the same
> nature as, "Python's lack of strong protection for
> class members puzzles (and worries) me".

No, it doesn't.

I didn't express myself clearly enough.


> The Pythonic
> answer to that objection is usually that this is a
> feature: it lets people who know what they're doing
> solve problems more easily than if they had to work
> around a bunch of "helpful" protection.

Yes.  Simplifying a bit: It is not considered a good thing to take
advantage of that.  Rather, it is considered a good thing *to be able*
to take advantage of it.

In stark contrast, I'm told that some Ruby users claim that open
classes are a good thing for everyday cases, rather than as a last
resort with serious costs.  Even for builtin types!!  I don't know if
that's true, it's just what I've heard.  Hmm, googled a bit and found
this:

http://www.artima.com/forums/flat.jsp?forum=123&thread=120400


That single datapoint seems to support what I've heard!


> Classes are effectively open in Python, too, at least
[...]

Quite.


John


From nakshantala at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 14:56:11 2006
From: nakshantala at gmail.com (nagy)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 11:56:11 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks, Kirk.
I considered the += as only a shorthand notation for the assignment
operator.
Since for lists + is simply a concatetation, I am not sure it x=x+[2]
is creating a brand
new list. Could you refer me to any documentation on this?
Thanks,
Nagy
Kirk McDonald wrote:
> nagy wrote:
> > I do the following. First create lists x,y,z. Then add an element to x
> > using the augumented assignment operator. This causes all the other
> > lists to be changed also.
> > But if I use the assignment x=x+[4] instead of using the augumented
> > assignment, the y and z lists do not change.
> > Why is that?
> > This does not happen when I work with integer data type for example, as
> > shown below.
> >
> > Thanks for your help
> > Nagy
> >
> >
> >>>>x=y=z=[]
>
> In this example, the '[]' creates a new list object. x, y, and z are all
> set to reference that object.
>
> >>>>x+=[2]
>
> This does an "in-place" operation on that list, modifying (or
> "mutating") the object directly.
>
> >>>>x
> >
>
> > [2]
> >
> >>>>y
> >
> > [2]
> >
> >>>>z
> >
> > [2]
> >
> >>>>x=x+[4]
>
> This creates a new list that is the concatenation of the list created
> above (the list [2]) with a new list (the list [4]). This brand new list
> is bound to the name 'x'. The names 'y' and 'z' are left unchanged. That
> is, they still point to the original list.
>
> >>>>
> >>>>x
> >
> > [2, 4]
> >
> >>>>y
> >
> > [2]
> >
> >>>>z
> >
> > [2]
> >
> >>>>a=b=4
>
> This binds the names 'a' and 'b' to the integer object 4.
>
> >>>>b
> >
> > 4
> >
> >>>>a+=2
>
> This attempts to mutate the integer object 4, by adding 2 to it.
> However, numbers in Python are immutable, and so the in-place operation
> fails. Thus, it creates a new integer object equal to 6 (actually,
> CPython keeps a cache of certain smaller integer objects and reuses
> them, but this does not matter in practice). This new integer object is
> bound to the name 'a'. The name 'b' remains bound to the original 4 object.
> 
> >>>>a
> > 
> > 6
> > 
> >>>>b
> > 
> > 4
> >



From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:10:05 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:10:05 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44be2f55$1_2@news.bluewin.ch>

Antoon Pardon wrote:

> The language reference doesn't talk about objects. And IMO you
> should be carefull if you want to use the word "object" here.
> In the line: "foo += 1", you can't talk about the object foo,
> since foo will

possibly

> be bound to a different object after the assignment
> than it was bound to before.

witness

   >>> class Foo(list) :
	  def __iadd__(self,other) :
		  self.append(other)
		  return self

	
   >>> bar = foo = Foo()
   >>> foo += 1
   >>> foo is bar
   True
   >>> foo
   [1]

while of course

   >>> bar = foo = 0
   >>> foo += 1
   >>> foo is bar
   False

Best, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"


From justask at acme.com  Fri Jul 28 09:34:53 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:34:53 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <gj4kc2dig6o6rq1n3ejpp1o8u0gcpjog5o@4ax.com>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:10 +0200, Vincent Delporte
<justask at acme.com> wrote:
(snip)

Thanks everyone for the input!

For the IDE: Ideally, I'd like something modern that uses language
wordlists (to show syntax, variables, etc. in different colors), a
window that lists all the procedures so I can easily jump from on to
the other, possibly an edit window that can fold code with the
familiar + sign in the left side, etc. I'll check out WingIDE and
Eric3.

For the GUI builder: It's just that I'm used to Delphi, ie. drawing
the interface with a mouse, but I guess the equivalent is just a
WYSIWYG HTML editor like DreamWeaver etc.

For the application engine: Indeed, I hesitate between CherryPy and
Django, as I've read a lot of nice things about both.

Hopefully, finding web hosters that support Python and those
frameworks won't be an issue?

Thanks.


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Mon Jul  3 17:46:48 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 14:46:48 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a98afb$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

thorley at gmail.com wrote:
> Greetings, since there was no reponse to my previous post about an
> existing FastCGI server in python, I've taken to writing my own. (which
> of course I'll share--*if* there's something to share ;)
> 
> My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
> socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
> packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.

As everyone else has already told you, you have a misconception about
strings and struct and so on.  However, if what you want is mutability
in a pattern, read the array module documentation as well.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From wollez at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 09:37:16 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 15:37:16 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <17592.60588.790905.169234@montanaro.dyndns.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>	<17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>	<e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<17592.60588.790905.169234@montanaro.dyndns.org>
Message-ID: <e9ar2b$iuk$1@sea.gmane.org>

Thanks! I've learned a lot today!

Wolfgang



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 13:37:06 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:37:06 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<e9naj0
	$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8365.1153395004.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bf79c0$0$25234$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <l34z7yynp8wp.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-20 09:40:31, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> I'm not sure, but there's one thing that has a potential to be the real
>> issue: what's the common way to create a property that is read-write
>> for the implementation and "read-only" for the interface? 
> 
> class Foo(object):
>   @apply
>   def _imp():
>     def fget(self):
>       # code here
>     def fset(self, val):
>       # code here
>     return property(**locals())
> 
>   @apply
>   def api():
>     def fget(self):
>       return self._imp
>     def fset(self, val):
>       raise SomeException('read-only, sorry')
>     return property(**locals())

Thanks a lot. This looks similar to what Steve Holden wrote. (And yes,
Steve, you understood exactly what I meant :)

My hunch is that this is what mystilleef might have wanted to say all
along; it looks quite similar to what he seemed to try to express. It's
basically the Python synonym of creating a public accessor (api) for a
private attribute (_imp) -- in this case to make the API read-only while
maintaining the implementation read-write, but I'm sure there are other
uses for such a structure. 


> Note that a read-only property named 'is_active' returning the value of
> an attribute named '_is_active' doesn't prevent direct access to
> '_is_active' attribute, neither from the class nor from the client code.

Right; I already understood that :)

I just thought one part of this whole thread was that accessors are not
necessary in Python. However, it seems that this case -- different
restrictions (or actions) for access from implementation vs through the API
(which is probably one of the most common reasons for using accessors in
other languages) -- in Python also can only be handled by adding a separate
accessor. (This of course in Python is implemented as a computed
attribute.)

The above illustrated technique doesn't look so different from a C++ or
Java code with public set/getApi() accessors acting on a private imp
attribute (or public set/getIsActive() accessors acting on a private
isActive attribute -- to use the other, similar example that operates with
the names this thread likes to use :)

Do I seem to understand this correctly?

Thanks,
Gerhard



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 12:37:53 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:37:53 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.16.34.56.909869@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <081101c69f88$32ebca40$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

thanks for your replies!!

the solution..

 dd = dd.replace(u'\xa0','')

this allows the nbsp hex representation to be replaced with a ''. i thought
i had tried this early in the process.. but i may have screwed up the
typing...

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Steven D'Aprano
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:35 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: ascii character - removing chars from string


On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:01:15 -0700, bruce wrote:

> update...
>
> the error i'm getting...
>
>>>>UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in
> position 62: ordinal not in range(128)

Okay, now we're making progress -- we know what exception you're getting.
Now, how about telling us what you did to get that exception?


> is there a way i can tell/see what the exact char is at pos(62). i was
> assuming that it's the hex \xa0.

That's what it's saying.

> i've done the s.replace('\xa0','') with no luck.

What does that mean? What does it do? Crash? Raise an exception? Return a
string you weren't expecting? More detail please.

Here is some background you might find useful. My apologies if you already
know it:

"Ordinary" strings in Python are delimited with quote marks, either
matching " or '. At the risk of over-simplifying, these strings can
contain only single-byte characters, i.e. ordinal values 0 through 255, or
in hex, 0 through FF. The character you are having a problem with is
within that range of single bytes: ord(u'\xa0') = 160.

Notice that a string '\xa0' is a single byte; a Unicode string u'\xa0' is
a different type of object, even though it has the same value.

String methods will blindly operate on any string, regardless of what
bytes are in them. However, converting from unicode to ordinary strings is
NOT the same -- the *character* chr(160) is not a valid ASCII character,
since ASCII only uses the range chr(0) through chr(127).

If this is confusing to you, you're not alone.



--
Steven.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 23:15:34 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:15:34 -0700
Subject: RFC: my iterthreader module
Message-ID: <1153192533.997166.54160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have this iterthreader module that I've been working on for a while
now.  It is similar to itertools.imap, but it calls each function in
its own thread and uses Queues for moving the data around.  A better
name for it would probably be ithreadmap, but anyway...

The short explanation of it is if you have a loop like
for item in biglist:
    print "The value for %s is %s" % (item, slowfunc(item))
or
for item,val in ((item, slowfunc(item)) for item in biglist):
    print "The value for %s is %s" % (item, val)

you can simply rewrite it as

for item,val in iterthreader.Threader(slowfunc, biglist):
    print "The value for %s is %s" % (item, val)

and it will hopefully run faster.  The usual GIL issues still apply of
course....  You can also subclass it in various ways, but I almost
always just call it in the above manner.

So, can anyone find any obvious problems with it?  I've been meaning to
re-post [1]  it to the python cookbook, but I'd like to hear what
others think first.  I'm not aware of any other module that makes this
particular use of threading this simple.

[1] I _think_ I posted it before, but that may have just been in a
comment

import threading
import Queue

class Threader:
    def __init__(self, func=None, data=None, numthreads=2):
        if not numthreads > 0:
            raise AssertionError("numthreads should be greater than 0")

        if func:
            self.handle_input=func
        if data:
            self.get_input = lambda : data

        self._numthreads=numthreads
        self.threads = []
        self.run()


    def __iter__(self):
        return self

    def next(self):
        still_running, input, output = self.DQ.get()
        if not still_running:
            raise StopIteration
        return input, output

    def get_input(self):
        raise NotImplementedError, "You must implement get_input as a
function that returns an iterable"

    def handle_input(self, input):
        raise NotImplementedError, "You must implement handle_input as
a function that returns anything"

    def _handle_input(self):
        while 1:
            work_todo, input = self.Q.get()
            if not work_todo:
                break
            self.DQ.put((True, input, self.handle_input(input)))

    def cleanup(self):
        """wait for all threads to stop and tell the main iter to
stop"""
        for t in self.threads:
            t.join()
        self.DQ.put((False,None,None))


    def run(self):
        self.Q=Queue.Queue()
        self.DQ=Queue.Queue()
        for x in range(self._numthreads):
            t=threading.Thread(target=self._handle_input)
            t.start()
            self.threads.append(t)

        try :
            for x in self.get_input():
                self.Q.put((True, x))
        except NotImplementedError, e:
            print e
        for x in range(self._numthreads):
            self.Q.put((False, None))

        threading.Thread(target=self.cleanup).start()


-- 
- Justin



From sunami.2600 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:01:25 2006
From: sunami.2600 at gmail.com (David Muffley)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:01:25 -0400
Subject: Thread issue in my graphics API (pygame)
Message-ID: <e51a83d20607270901j6e39cebpf00c0ddb4fbd7c54@mail.gmail.com>

Link to the mentioned file: http://dc.ubuntu-us.org/projects/gasp/

My system: ubuntu-dapper (2.6.1).  Line 325 is where the _event_handler is
and I believe causes the issue.  I can recreate the bug quite easily by
calling the 'begin_end()' method and letting it run until it breaks (2-7
seconds mostly).  I cannot even confirm that this will run on Windows or Mac
OS X.

I am having a problem with using a thread in my program (attached).  I have
an event handler which I have run in a separate thread, which redraws the
screen (linux) and quits if the 'x' is pressed.  However, I seem to be
running into a threading problem with this set-up.  When I attempt to close
the graphics window, I will occasionally (about 20-30% of the time) recieve
an error message:

    "Xlib: unexpected async reply (sequence 0x##)!" (where ## are two
numbers)

I googled it and found that it's a threading issue, but not much more, such
as WHAT is actually wrong or ways to avoid the error.  I'm looking for
anyone out there that can help me solve this issue, your help would be much
appreciated.

 ----
-------------- next part --------------
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From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 11 07:05:23 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 12:05:23 +0100
Subject: Global "except" condition
In-Reply-To: <1152572125.908057.111880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152572125.908057.111880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e900lj$8um$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ernesto wrote:
> Within the scope of one Python file (say myFile.py), I'd like to print
> a message on ANY exception that occurs in THAT file, dependent on a
> condition.
> 
> Here's the pseudocode:
> 
> if anyExceptionOccurs():
>       if myCondition:
>             print "Here's my global exception message"
> 
> 
> Is this functionality possible in python?  If so, how?
> 
What if your module defines a function, and then that function is called 
from some other module and raises an exception. Would you then want the 
global exception message to appear?

If so then I'm not sure that what you want is possible.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From beliavsky at aol.com  Fri Jul  7 08:21:54 2006
From: beliavsky at aol.com (beliavsky at aol.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 05:21:54 -0700
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or
	assistance sought
In-Reply-To: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1152274914.324079.22880@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Ray Tomes wrote:
> Hi Folks
>
> I am an old codger who has much experience with computers
> in the distant past before all this object oriented stuff.
> Also I have loads of software in such languages as FORTRAN
> and BASIC, QBASIC etc that is very useful except that it
> really doesn't like to run on modern operating systems and
> has hopeless graphics resolution and lack of ease of use in
> some ways.

The Fortran code, which I assume is Fortran 77 or earlier, should run
fine on "modern operating systems" using free (g77, g95, or gfortran)
or commercial compilers.

> My desire is to get all the facilities available in my
> old programs working in a modern platform with flexible
> and high-res graphics and easy to use. Ideally I might
> find some good coders that are interested in the subject
> who would assist me, alternatively some help in getting
> started because there is so much info and so many resources
> and libraries etc that I don't know where to start.
>
> My package will have the following capabilities:
> 1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
> 2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
> 3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
> dozens of functions.

Fortran 90 and later versions have array operations, as does NumPy. You
could convert parts of the FORTRAN code to F90

> 4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
> 5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
> 6. Built in functions to include:
> FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
> multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
> I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.
>
> The applications of the package include:
> 1. Analysis of time series data from many branches of science.
> 2. Economic / business models including forecasting.
> 3. Markets, stocks, commodities forecasting.
> 4. Interdisciplinary causal analysis.
> 5. Many more

There exist public domain codes for many of the topics you mention, and
I think several are part of NumPy. Many statistical algorithms are in
R, for which the underlying C and Fortran code is available. I suggest
that you identify which of your algorithms are not publicly available
and focus on those, making an R package of them. I am interested in
MESA. Then you can exploit the R graphics and language (called S) and
have your work easily accessible to many users.



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 03:25:10 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:25:10 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153985110.526376.18460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

sjdevnull at yahoo.com wrote:
> John Henry wrote:
> > Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
> > application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
> > ...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
> > applications.
>
> Indeed.  Let's just get rid of all preemptive multitasking while we're
> at it

Also, race conditions and deadlocks are equally bad in multiprocess
solutions as in multithreaded ones.  Any time you're doing parallel
processing you need to consider them.

I'd actually submit that initially writing multiprocess programs
requires more design and forethought, since you need to determine
exactly what you want to share instead of just saying "what the heck,
everything's shared!"  The payoff in terms of getting _correct_
behavior more easily, having much easier maintenance down the line, and
being more robust in the face of program failures (or unforseen
environment issues) is usually well worth it, though there are
certainly some applications where threads are a better choice.



From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 19:01:11 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:01:11 -0500
Subject: Tix Tree open/close issue
References: <mailman.8142.1152816058.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns98004955EBBrtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

Sorin Schwimmer wrote in news:mailman.8142.1152816058.27775.python-
list at python.org in comp.lang.python:

> The following code:
> <code>
> from Tix import *
> 
> r=Tk()
> 
> tr=Tree(r)
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1',text='branch 1')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1',text='branch 1-1')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1.b1',text='branch
> 1-1-1')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1.b2',text='branch
> 1-1-2')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2',text='branch 1-2')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2.b1',text='branch
> 1-2-1')
> tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2.b2',text='branch
> 1-2-2')
> r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1','close')
> r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1.b1','open')
> r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1.b2','open')
> #tr.setmode('br1','close')
> #tr.setmode('br1.b1','open')
> #tr.setmode('br1.b2','open')

Try instead:

tr.setmode('br1.b1','close')
tr.setmode('br1.b2','close')
tr.setmode('br1','close')
tr.close('br1.b2')
tr.close('br1.b1')

> tr.grid()
> 
> r.mainloop()
> </code>
> 
> will show the whole tree, but will set correctly the
> (+) and (-) boxes. (The commented out statements where
> in place before direct calls to Tk - same result).
> 
> I was hoping to have some branches hidden (the leaves,
> in this case).

My solution above make any sense till I read the docs, 

http://epydoc.sourceforge.net/stdlib/public/Tix.Tree-class.html

<quote>
say:

setmode(self, entrypath, mode='none') 

[snip]
...                       If mode is set to close, a (-)
indicator is drawn next the the entry. 
...                       The
open mode indicates the entry has hidden children and this entry can be
opened by the user. The close mode indicates that all the children of the
entry are now visible and the entry can be closed by the user.
</quote>

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 15:28:33 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 12:28:33 -0700
Subject: Classes and global statements
In-Reply-To: <1151945818.831779.170380@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1151945818.831779.170380@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151954913.330937.47710@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman skrev:

> Sheldon wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I have a series of classes that are all within the same file. Each is
> > called at different times by the main script. Now I have discovered
> > that I need several variables returned to the main script. Simple,
> > right? I thought so and simply returned the variables in a tuple:
> > (a,b,c,d,e) = obj.method()
> > Now I keep getting this error: "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size"
> >
>
> You're likely getting that error because the method() call is returning
> more or less than 5 values..  Try something like this to check:
>
> results = obj.method()
> print results
> a, b, c, d, e = results
>
> That way you'll be able to see exactly what the method is returning.
>
> >
> >  I think this is because I am trying to return some Numeric arrays as
> > well as list and I didn't declare these prior to calling the class
> > method. The problem is that some of these arrays are set within the
> > class and cannot be set in the calling script. I removed these arrays
> > and tried it again and still I get this error. So I have another idea:
> >
> > I have one class that sets a bunch of varibles like this:
> > myclass:
> >   def __init__(self,var1,var2,var3):
> >          self.var1 = var1
> >          self.var2 = var2
> >          .
> >          .
> >          .
> >          etc.
> > Then I use the following script to make these variable global:
> >
> > global main
> > main = myclass(var1,var2,var3)
>
> In this case, where the main var is being set at the "module level",
> you needn't use the global statement.  If I understand it correctly,
> global is for use inside functions and methods to indicate that a
> variable is being reused from the outer "global" scope, rather than
> being temporarily "shadowed" by a var of the same name local to the
> function or method.
>
> > I am thinking that I should be able to "insert" other variable into
> > this main from within other classes like this:
> >
> > otherclass:
> >  def __init__(self,a,b,c,d):
> >        self.a = a..... etc.
> >  def somemethod(self):
> >        self.newvar = ........
> >        main.newvar = self.newvar
> >        return self.a
> > ****************************************
> > This looks wierd but I am wondering if it will work? This would be a
> > wonderful way to store variables that will be needed later instead of
> > passing them back and forth.
>
> You *can* use an object as a convenient, if unusual, storage place for
> variables because you can assign to attributes after object
> instantiation
>
> >>> class foo: pass
> ...
> >>> bar = foo()
> >>> bar.a = 23
> >>> bar.b = 'Hi there'
> >>> dir(bar)
> ['__doc__', '__module__', 'a', 'b']
> >>> bar.__dict__
> {'a': 23, 'b': 'Hi there'}
>
> There's nothing really wrong with this, it's like using a dict except
> that you can access variables using the attribute notation  obj.var
>
> But keep in mind, if you're already passing around your 'main' object,
> then you already know how to use and pass around any other object.
>
>
> > After trying this it did work! My question is why? Another way to solve
> > this problem is to make the variable I need global in the class that
> > they are created. Does anyone have a better way in mind?
>
> I'm not sure, but I think there's no such thing as "global to a class",
>  although you can make class attributes just like for objects.  There
> are some complexities to doing this though so you should probably stick
> to instance objects rather than mucking about with class attributes..
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon

Thanks for sound advice!
Will give it another go.

/Sheldon



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 19:44:34 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 18:44:34 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> 
> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> John Machin wrote:
>>
>> > Have you considered asking on a newsgroup where your problem might
>> > actually be on-topic, like:
>> >     comp.lang.c
>>
>> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.
>>
> 
> This is comp.lang.python, not comp.algorithms
> 
> Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?


I must disagree on that one: There are many threads on this site where
people just have fun talking algorithm. I'm not an algo. expert and I know
there are many here.


> Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?
I am not but I do not see what that brings to the discussion: but if you
wish ==>

on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made by
epson 

on the other device, the processor is unknown to me and the environment is a
subset of java made for smartcards called javacard.

Regards,

Philippe



From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 02:02:04 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 23:02:04 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
Message-ID: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I've ported various hash functions to python if anyone is interested:



def RSHash(key):
    a    = 378551
    b    =  63689
    hash =      0
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash = hash * a + ord(key[i])
      a = a * b
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def JSHash(key):
    hash = 1315423911
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash ^= ((hash << 5) + ord(key[i]) + (hash >> 2))
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def PJWHash(key):
   BitsInUnsignedInt = 4 * 8
   ThreeQuarters     = long((BitsInUnsignedInt  * 3) / 4)
   OneEighth         = long(BitsInUnsignedInt / 8)
   HighBits          = (0xFFFFFFFF) << (BitsInUnsignedInt - OneEighth)
   hash              = 0
   test              = 0

   for i in range(len(key)):
     hash = (hash << OneEighth) + ord(key[i])
     test = hash & HighBits
     if test != 0:
       hash = (( hash ^ (test >> ThreeQuarters)) & (~HighBits));
   return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def ELFHash(key):
    hash = 0
    x    = 0
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash = (hash << 4) + ord(key[i])
      x = hash & 0xF0000000
      if x != 0:
        hash ^= (x >> 24)
        hash &= ~x
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def BKDRHash(key):
    seed = 131 # 31 131 1313 13131 131313 etc..
    hash = 0
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash = (hash * seed) + ord(key[i])
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def SDBMHash(key):
    hash = 0
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash = ord(key[i]) + (hash << 6) + (hash << 16) - hash;
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def DJBHash(key):
    hash = 5381
    for i in range(len(key)):
       hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + ord(key[i])
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def DEKHash(key):
    hash = len(key);
    for i in range(len(key)):
      hash = ((hash << 5) ^ (hash >> 27)) ^ ord(key[i])
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


def APHash(key):
    hash = 0
    for i in range(len(key)):
      if ((i & 1) == 0):
        hash ^= ((hash <<  7) ^ ord(key[i]) ^ (hash >> 3))
      else:
        hash ^= (~((hash << 11) ^ ord(key[i]) ^ (hash >> 5)))
    return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF)


print RSHash  ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print JSHash  ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print PJWHash ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print ELFHash ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print BKDRHash('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print SDBMHash('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print DJBHash ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print DEKHash ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')
print APHash  ('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890')





Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net



From wollez at gmx.net  Wed Jul 26 13:33:30 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 19:33:30 +0200
Subject: subprocess problem on WinXP
In-Reply-To: <1153933539.990072.23720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8566.1153922370.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153933539.990072.23720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea891g$jgd$1@sea.gmane.org>

Hi Simon,

I did not know that library! I'm still new to python and I still have 
problems to find the right commands.

But I suppose this library is mainly for partially 
compressing/decompressing of files. How can I use that library to 
compress/decompress full files without reading them into memory? And 
what about performance?

Thanks
Wolfgang

Simon Forman schrieb:
> Wolfgang wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> I want to compress all files (also in subfolder). The code is working
>> more or less, but I get a black popup window (command line window) for
>> every file to compress. How do I cave to change my system call that
>> nothing pops up?
>>
>> Wolfgang
>>
>> import os
>> import subprocess
>>
>> dir="g:\\messtech"
>>
>> for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir):
>>      for file in files:
>>          f=os.path.join(root,file)
>>          subprocess.Popen([r"bzip2",'', f],shell=False).wait()
> 
> How about forgetting the system call and just using the bz2 standard
> library module?
> 
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-bz2.html
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon
> 



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 20:27:24 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 17:27:24 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154046444.873205.256120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


thebjorn wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > thebjorn wrote:
> [...]
> > > You give a good argument that the concept of a month is fuzzy
> >
> > Sorry,  I can't imagine where you got "fuzzy" from. Perhaps you mean
> > some other word. The concept is capable of being expressed precisely.
>
> and the second to last date in January plus a month is..?

The last day in February, according to me and also according to the
website that you mention later, e.g.
"""
>From date: Thursday, January 30, 1992
Added 1 month
Resulting date: Saturday, February 29, 1992
"""

The precise rule is that if the original day is later than the last day
of the target month, clip it to that last day.


>
> > Even if I had noticed a leap year function in the calendar module, I
> > would probably not have used it. The Python version of the module was
> > just a stopgap while I fiddled with getting a C extension going. The C
> > leap year function doesn't have any of that modulo stuff in it.
>
> I'm sure it doesn't. You might want to look at the assembly your C
> compiler produces for a modulo-power-of-2 operation...

I don't need to. AFAIR just about every compiler I've used (BDS C on a
Z80 is a likely exception) has generated "& mask" (with extra mucking
about if the first operand is signed). Leap year calc involves % 100
and % 400. Factoring out the powers of two leaves 25. Now tell me how
I'm managing that without a modulo operation.

>
> > > I came up with this yesterday which seems sufficient?
> > >
> > >     def yeardiff(a, b):
> > >       y = a.year - b.year
> > >       if (a.month, a.day) < (b.month, b.day): # tuple comparison
> > >           y -= 1
> > >       return y
> >
> > At least it doesn't blow up when b is leapyear-02-29. It just gives the
> > wrong answer when a is nonleapyear-02-28. E.g. it gives 0 years
> > difference  from 1992-02-29 to 1993-02-28 instead of 1.
>
> I believe you're mistaken (but feel free to correct me), my grandmother
> is born on Feb 29 and a quick call to my dad verified that they
> celebrated it the day after the 28th (unless Mar 1 was a Monday ;-).
> http://timeanddate.com/date/duration.html also seem to agree with my
> current understanding, just as a datapoint if nothing else.

hmm ... let's look at more than 1 data point from that website:

easy cases Jan 1993 to Feb 1993:
Jan 10 to Feb  9: 30d (excluding last day)  1m 0d (including last day)
Jan 10 to Feb 10: 1m 0d  (excluding last day)  1m 1d (including last
day)
Jan 10 to Feb 11: 1m 1d  (excluding last day)  1m 2d (including last
day)
looks reasonable, consistent, no anomalies; note how 1m 0d (excluding)
is "predicted" from the right and below.

Now try from Jan 31 1993:
Jan 31 to Feb 27: 27d (ex) 28d (in)
Jan 31 to Feb 28: 28d (ex) 1m 1d (in)
Jan 31 to Mar 01: 1m 1d (ex) 1m 2d (in)
So 1 day short of 1m 1d is not 1m 0 d??? I'd call this unreasonable,
inconsistent, anomalous -- especially when on the same website you do
1993-01-31 plus 1 month, it gives you 1993-02-28 (as I'd expect).



From david.bear at asu.edu  Mon Jul 31 20:39:22 2006
From: david.bear at asu.edu (David Bear)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:39:22 -0700
Subject: realine not found error
Message-ID: <1281986.ul55GTaPfd@teancum>

I built python 2.4.2 for suse linux 9.3. I configured it to be a separate
instance of python from the version packaged with suse.

Now when I start it I get an error:
python
Python 2.4.2 (#4, Jul 27 2006, 14:34:30)
[GCC 3.3.5 20050117 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in ?
    import readline
ImportError: No module named readline

however, I do have readline installed:

rpm -qa | grep readline
readline-5.0-7.2
readline-32bit-9.3-7.1

it id truly does exist:

locate readline 
...
/lib/libreadline.so.5
/lib/libreadline.so.5.0
/lib64/libreadline.so.5
/lib64/libreadline.so.5.0
...

I googled about for this and there were numerous hits on this problem from
others, but I never found a 'solution'.

-- 
David Bear
-- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --


From aomighty at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 14:01:14 2006
From: aomighty at gmail.com (aomighty at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:01:14 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
In-Reply-To: <1152289101.673413.54240@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152289101.673413.54240@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152295274.100438.92690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Yes, the problem was that I hadn't imported anydbm.error... it's
working now.

As for the AttributeError at the end, I talked to someone else, and he
looked at the source and said it was a bug in shelve. I think I will
report it to python.org.

Anyway, thanks :).
Simon Forman wrote:
> aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> > I tried what you said and it looked like maybe AttributeError, but that
> > didn't work either.
> >
> > This code snippet:
> >
> > import shelve
> > from traceback import format_exc
> >
> > try:
> >    db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> > except:
> >    print format_exc()
> >
> > Gave me this output:
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "test.py", line 5, in ?
> >     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 231, in open
> >     return DbfilenameShelf(filename, flag, protocol, writeback, binary)
> >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 212, in __init__
> >     Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename, flag), protocol,
> > writeback, binary)
> >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
> >     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> > error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db
> >
> > Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> > attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
> >
> > Do you know what the error is?
>
> No.  If you tried catching AttributeError and it didn't work then I'd
> guess that the AttributeError is a secondary result of the initial
> error.
>
> This part of the traceback,
>
> >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
> >     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> > error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db
>
> indicates that some sort of custom error, probably defined in the
> anydbm.py module.
>
> Catching the execption and binding it to a var,
>
> >>> try:
> ...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> ... except Exception, err:
> ...     E = err
> ...
> Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
> >>> E
> <anydbm.error instance at 0xb7d8270c>
>
>
>
> So:
> >>> from anydbm import error
> >>> try:
> ...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> ... except error:
> ...     print 'Aha!  got it!'
> ...
> Aha!  got it!
> Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
>
>
> Well, that catches the error, but I don't know what's going on with the
> additional AttributeError or what to do about it.
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 02:20:57 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 23:20:57 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7xpsg34gjm.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153203657.638107.128230@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> writes:
> > What if you called the function like this:
> >
> >     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)
> >
> > Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
> > finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
> > subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
> > throw an exception.
>
> You've got a function written to take a list arg and are passing it
> something other than a list.  Why do you expect it to work?

I don't expect it to work as is.  Disregarding the test for emptiness
at the beginning, I would expect it to work for any iterable, even if
the author only intended it for a list.  That's the problem: it looks
like it should work for any iterable, but it doesn't.  I would think
it's a pretty easy mistake to make.  (I suspect lots of programmers
don't even realize that empty generator expressions are true.  Even if
they do, it's easy to overlook that test if you're not careful.)

> As soon as the function uses lst[3] for something,

Notice that the function I wrote never indexes the list.  It only
iterates.

> it will crash
> if you pass it a sequence like that.

The particular function I wrote might crash.  Or it might merely do
unnecessary work.  Or it might have subtle bugs.  (OTOH, if it had used
the "if len(lst)>0", it would crash right away; no subtle bugs.)

>  Your example is mainly an
> argument for static type checking.

Not really.  I'm merely putting forth one argument for using "if
len(lst)>0" rather than "if lst".  ISTM the scenerio I described isn't
terribly rare: you write a function that iterates over an iterable, and
carelessly use a test ("if lst") that doesn't work for all iterables,
and the result could lead to subtle bugs.  Which is not as bad as
carelessly using a test ("if len(lst)>0") that doesn't work for all
iterables, and the result is an immediate exception.

I've given two pretty good reasons for using "if len(lst)>0": it allows
functions to be written generically for lists and numpy arrays, and it
catches the rather plausible mistake of testing the truth value an
iterable (which can lead to subtle bugs).  This is contrasted to the
good reasons for using "if lst", which are... um... hmm... saving a few
keystrokes?


Carl Banks



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:02:46 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:02:46 +0200
Subject: Find and Delete all files with .xxx extension
In-Reply-To: <1152758430.30515.31.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>
References: <000501c6a621$d7659c50$f82fa518@DCM0T511>
	<1152758430.30515.31.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>
Message-ID: <e95ubk$a1p$2@sea.gmane.org>

John McMonagle wrote:

>> Find and Delete all files with .xxx extension
 >>
 >> Please do so.
> 
> How ?  In the current directory/folder ?  Recursively search through all
> the directories/folders from a certain path ?

on *your* machine, of course.

</F>



From aleax at mac.com  Sat Jul  8 12:04:24 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 09:04:24 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7928.1152370716.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hi5esh.1o6cvb11jdtexeN%aleax@mac.com>

K.S.Sreeram <sreeram at tachyontech.net> wrote:
   ...
> Consider two threads A and B, which are independent except for the fact
> that they reside in the same module.
> 
> def thread_A() :
>     global foo
>     foo = 1
> 
> def thread_B() :
>     global bar
>     bar = 2
> 
> These threads create entries in the same module's dict, and they *might*
> execute at the same time. Requiring a lock in this case is very
> non-intuitive, and my conclusion is that dict get/set operations are
> indeed atomic (thanks to the GIL).

Well then, feel free to code under such assumptions (as long as you're
not working on any project in which I have any say:-) -- depending on
subtle (and entirely version-dependent) considerations connected to
string interning, dict size, etc, you _might_ never run into failing
cases (as long as, say, every key in play is a short internable string
[never an instance of a _subtype_ of str of course], every value an int
small enough to be kept immortally in the global small-ints cache, etc,
etc)... why, dicts that forever remain below N entries for sufficiently
small (and version-dependent) N may in fact never be resized at all.

Most of us prefer to write code that will keep working a bit more
robustly (e.g. when the Python interpreter is upgraded from 2.5 to 2.6,
which might change some of these internal implementation details), and
relying on subtle reasoning about what might be "very non-intuitive" is
definitely counterproductive; alas, testing is not a great way to
discover "race conditions", deadlocks, etc, so threading-related errors
must be avoided ``beforehand'', by taking a very conservative stance
towards what operations might or might not happen to be
atomic/threadsafe unless specifically guaranteed by the Language
Reference (or the specific bits of the Library Reference).


Alex


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 03:57:58 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:57:58 GMT
Subject: unicode html
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns98045B3316F93duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

 wrote:

> As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
> \uc3B4 => &ocirc;
> for all available html entities.

>>> u"\u3cB4".encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace')
'&#15540;'

Don't bother using named entities. If you encode your unicode as ascii  
replacing all non-ascii characters with the xml entity reference then your 
pages will display fine whatever encoding is specified in the HTTP headers.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 11:42:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:42:43 +0200
Subject: Tix.Grid patch
References: <1152804441.352584.87690@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95plb$p3p$1@sea.gmane.org>

klappnase at web.de wrote:

> I just wrote a wrapper for the Tix.Grid widget
> (http://www.8ung.at/klappnase/TixGrid/TixGrid.html); I guess I should
> have searched before, because now I found this has already been done
> for Python2.5 . However it looks like my version offers some more
> functionality (and the ScrolledGrid in Python2.5 seems to be broken)
> than the one I saw at
> http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Lib/lib-tk/Tix.py?rev=46691&view=auto
> , so I thought I could contribute a patch.

excellent idea.

> My apologies if this is a dumb question, but I don't know how to do
> that.

if you'd spent enough time clicking around on python.org, you might have ended
up on this page:

    http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470

(it's not obvious how to get there, so it's probably easiest if you just click on the
above link ;-)

</F> 





From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 03:14:05 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 00:14:05 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
In-Reply-To: <1152515059.390349.67170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152289101.673413.54240@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152295274.100438.92690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152515059.390349.67170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152515645.754485.193500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> I reported the bug to python.org and apparently it has already been
> fixed in the latest SVN build :).

Awesome!  Open Source at work!  :D



From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Thu Jul 13 10:40:00 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:40:00 GMT
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4Xstg.534799$%J3.13083694@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

mystilleef schreef:
> Ant wrote:
>> We seem to be flogging a dead horse now. Is the following a fair
>> summary:
>>
>> Q. What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters?
>>
>> A. Use attributes.
>>
>> Quote: "I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
>> names"
>>
>> Wisdom: Python is a different paradigm from (e.g.) Java w.r.t.
>> accessors: Put the effort you would have put into choosing accessor
>> names into choosing attribute names.
>>
>> Anything else to add to this? Or can it be put to bed?
> 
> Here are the lessons I've learned (the hard way).
> 
> 1) Make all attributes of a class private or protected. You can make
> them public later if need be. If anyone tells you making attributes
> private/protected is not Pythonic ignore them. You'll thank me when
> your code base grows.
> 2) If a data attribute might likely be an API, think about controlling
> access to via "properties". That's the pythonic way to implement
> accessors and mutators
> 
> I guess people who've done medium to large scale programming in Python
> already know this.

Here's what I have learned from this discussion:

1. Give all symbols in your public interface a sensible name.
2. Don't use accessors and mutators for trivial attributes. If needed 
you can always add them later via properties.

You seem to imply that your rule #1 would have prevented the problem 
you're experiencing. After this whole discussion, frankly I still don't 
understand how it would have done that.

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From faulal at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 10:52:40 2006
From: faulal at gmail.com (faulal at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 07:52:40 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153147960.017161.25570@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


TG wrote:

> Hi there.
>
> Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
> * A is an array of shape (n,)
> * X is a positive float number
> * B is an array of shape (n,)
> * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
> 
> A.X - B = O
> min(X)
> 
> thanks.



From alisonken1 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 15:56:22 2006
From: alisonken1 at gmail.com (alisonken1)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 12:56:22 -0700
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
In-Reply-To: <1152793219.333586.59410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12bbofei9iiffa7@corp.supernews.com>
	<1152793219.333586.59410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152820582.063719.125190@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Wesley Henwood wrote:
> I've checked and double checked my code and I am closing all files
> explicitly after opening them.  The only possibliy I can think of is
> Python opening files each time I run a script, or each time imput to
> stderr or stdout is redirected.
>
<snip>

The problem >I think< is that stout and stderr are not shared with each
invocation.

Since you're calling a python interpreter, the stdout/stderr from the
C++ program is not inherited - so now everytime you call the python
script, it's creating a new process.

With each new process, you're creating a new stdout/stderr handle, and
if you're calling outside of C++ relatively quickly (say more than 100
times a minute), then the old stdout/stderr handles have not had a
chance to be garbage collected - hence, you get too many files open
errors.

The workaround would possibly be to create a Python thread or create a
stdout fifo and a stderr fifo and have your script redirect these
outputs through the fifo buffers that you're C++ code can listen to.

Not sure how to do either one in MS environments, so you'll have to ask
someone else how to work with them.



From bobrien18 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 11:01:30 2006
From: bobrien18 at yahoo.com (KraftDiner)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 08:01:30 -0700
Subject: Python and Boost.
Message-ID: <1153839690.321621.256040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I'm trying to call a C++ class from python.
I've looked around and the solution would appear to be boost.
I'm not sure but maybe I've downloaded and installed the entire boost
library,
when there is probably a separate tar ball for python / C++
integration.
Can someone please point me to a tar ball for mac os x so that I can
call
my C++ class from Python?



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul  5 14:18:43 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:18:43 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Kay Schluehr:
> there is nothing really new or interesting or challenging.
> Micro-optimizations and shape lifting.

I see. Maybe Python is becoming a commodity used by more than 10e6
persons, so changellenges aren't much fit anymore.
Guido has tried to avoid the problems of Perl6, making Py3.0 a
improvement and not a revolution. The good thing is that we'll probably
see a beta version in 14-18 months. Py3.0 from being like fantasy is
become something close, this is a good thing.
I may ask you what you would like to see in Py3.0, but remember that
your answer may become ignored by the developers.

Bye,
bearophile



From thibault at physics.cornell.edu  Thu Jul 27 09:36:43 2006
From: thibault at physics.cornell.edu (Pierre Thibault)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:36:43 -0400
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<1153954523.497284.262790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153955508.780581.20550@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.27.13.36.40.862494@physics.cornell.edu>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:11:48 -0700, Paddy wrote:

> 
> Paddy wrote:
>> Pierre Thibault wrote:
>> > Hello!
>> >
>> > I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
>> > because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
>> > iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
>> > I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
>> > was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
>> > STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
>> >
>> <SNIP>
>> > Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
>> > would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
>> > read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
>> >
>> > io1 = iter(object1)
>> > io2 = iter(object2)
>> >
>> > try:
>> >   while 1:
>> >     io1.next() += io2.next()
>> > except StopIteration:
>> >   pass
>> >
>> > That won't work:
>> > SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
>> >
>> > Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?
>> >
>> > Thanks!
>> >
>> > Pierre
>>
>> Pierre,
>> You should be able to write
>>   io1.next().param += io2.next().param
>> If iter(object1) and iter(object2) both return classes or instances
>> with the appropriate parameter.
>> Here is what I was thinking of:
>>
>>
>> class ParamHolder(object):
>>     def __init__(self, n):
>>         self.param = n
>>
>> class C1(object):
>>     def __init__(self,m):
>>         self.value = [ParamHolder(n) for n in range(m)]
>>     def __getitem__(self, p):
>>         return self.value[p]
>>
>> obj1 = C1(5)
>> obj2 = C1(5)
>>
>> io1 = iter(obj1)
>> io2 = iter(obj2)
>>
>> print "obj1 pre loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
>>
>> try:
>>     while 1:
>>         io1.next().param += io2.next().param
>> except StopIteration:
>>     pass
>>
>> print "obj1 post loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
>>
>> - Paddy.
> 
> I don't like the try/except code and would write something like the
> following:
> 
>>>> obj1 = C1(5)
>>>> obj2 = C1(5)
>>>> from itertools import izip
>>>> for x,y in izip(obj1, obj2):
> ... 	x.param += y.param
> ...
>>>> print "obj1 post for loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
> obj1 post for loop [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>>> 
> 
> - Paddy.

Thanks Paddy,

This looks like the closest thing to what I wanted, though the need for
this "param" makes it not very general to my taste. Besides, this method
would not work with ndarrays anyways.

Thanks again for taking the time to answer,

Pierre



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 11:20:46 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:20:46 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu><mailman.8026.1152627913.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e90eu5$7pd$03$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <e90gg9$4op$1@sea.gmane.org>

Peter Otten wrote:

> You would normally expect that you can turn off a flag by setting it to
> False instead of deleting it -- which is also how the OP's code works. So I
> would prefer
>
> assertion = getattr(callable, "is_assertion", False)

agreed (but note that the OP used a decorator to set the attribute, so you could
consider it an implementation detail...)

</F> 





From http  Fri Jul 21 11:22:16 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 08:22:16 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?

You really can't assume anything like that.  Sorting assumes an order
relation on the items being sorted, which means if a < b and b < c,
then a < c.  If your comparison operation doesn't preserve that
property then the sort algorithm could do anything, including looping
forever or crashing.


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 17 15:41:52 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:41:52 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

David Hopwood wrote:
> Darren New wrote:
> 
>>From what I can determine, the authors seem to imply that typestate is
>>dataflow analysis modified in (at least) two ways:
>>
>>1) When control flow joins, the new typestate is the intersection of
>>typestates coming into the join, where as dataflow analysis doesn't
>>guarantee that. (They imply they think dataflow analysis is allowed to
>>say "the variable might or might not be initialized here", while
>>typestate would ensure the variable is uninitialized.)
> 
> Right, but this is a disadvantage of their typestate algorithm. It is why
> the example in Figure 2 of
> <http://www.cs.ubc.ca/local/reading/proceedings/spe91-95/spe/vol25/issue4/spe950wk.pdf>
> fails to check, even though it "obviously" initializes all variables.
> 
> Consider the equivalent Java program:

I mixed up Figures 1 and 2. Here is the Java program that Figure 2 should
be compared to:

public class LoopInitTest {
    public static String getString() { return "foo"; }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String line = getString();
        boolean is_last = false;

        while (!is_last) {
            if (line.charAt(0) == 'q') {
                is_last = true;
            }

            // insert line into inputs (not important for analysis)

            if (!is_last) {
                line = getString();
            }
        }
    }
}

which compiles without error, because is_last is definitely initialized.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:10:55 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:10:55 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-25 13:33:40, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> 
> 
>>>Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>>>term "binding", and that whatever it means (I'll have to read more on that,
>>>now that I know the term) is different for read-only and read/write access.
>>>
>>
>>Binding only happens when the bare name is on the LHS of an assignment
>>(or, to complicate matters, passed as an argument). 
>  
> This makes a lot more sense now.
> 
>>Binding has nothing to do with "read-only" vs "read/write" access.
> 
> 
> Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? 

You *don't* "write to a non-mutable object". You rebind the name to 
another object (mutable or not, that's not the problem).

>Are
> there situations where binding happens without writing to a variable?

binding and "assignment" (what you call "writing to a variable") are the 
very same operation.

> Are
> there write accesses to non-mutable objects

No.

> where the name is not on the
> LHS?

Doesn't matter when it comes to immutable objects. As the name imply, 
you cannot modify an immutable object once it's created. Rebiding a name 
  bound to an immutable object doesn't impact the object[1], it just 
makes the name refers to another object.


[1] or, to be more exact, it only decreases the object's reference 
count, which can lead to the object being disposed of...


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Mon Jul 17 06:15:40 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:15:40 +0200
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb634e$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Kirt wrote:
> i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
> one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
> #------------------test1.xml
> <Directory>
>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
> w&amp;y </dirname>
> [...]
> #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
> 
> i am getting output as:
> 
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
> &
> y
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> 
> where as i need an output which should look like this.
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
> 
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx

This SAX filter is another way of doing it:

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/265881

Stefan


From jeethu at tachyontech.net  Mon Jul 24 08:12:30 2006
From: jeethu at tachyontech.net (Jeethu Rao)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:42:30 +0530
Subject: class instance scope
In-Reply-To: <1153741988.087580.62020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8446.1153740618.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153741988.087580.62020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C4B92E.5060806@tachyontech.net>

You could possibly make the log class a singleton or a borg.

Jeethu Rao

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
>>> log = foo.log(x, y, z)
>>>
>>>       
>
> Resulting line is:
> log = foo.log(x, y, z)
> global log
>
> Making the instance "log" global makes it accessible to all the
> functions.
>
> Now I have only one question, Is this a correct way to do it ? Or are
> there better way ?
>
> Ritesh
>
>   



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 24 13:55:13 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:55:13 -0400
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
References: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKAEBACBAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <ea31i1$acl$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Michael Yanowitz" <m.yanowitz at kearfott.com> wrote in message 
news:HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKAEBACBAA.m.yanowitz at kearfott.com...
> Hello:
>
>   Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
> is I can't have a
>  def func1 (int1, string1):
>   and a
>  def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>    without the second func1 overwriting the first.

I am hard put to think of why you would want to do something like that in 
real code.  The 2nd-parameter type mismatch will make using code harder to 
write and read without bugs.  Why not just give the two 
different-but-related functions two different-but-related, names?  But if 
you insist ..., here is the Python way...

def func1(int1, int3, string1=None, string2=None):
  "doc short calling sequence"
  if string1==None:
    string1 = int3; del int3, string2
    <proceed with first body>
  else:
    <proceed with second body>

or
def func1(int1, *args):
  if len(args ==1):
    string1 = args[0]; del args
    <proceed with first body>
  elif len(args ==3):
    int3,string1,string2 = args; del args
    <proceed with second body>
  else: <raise error>

>   However, operators can be overloaded.

In the sense that you can define classes with appropriate special methods. 
You can also give two different classes methods named 'func1'.

>   So can I define a new operator?

No.

Terry Jan Reedy





From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 11 14:18:18 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:18:18 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44B3EB6A.9090603@mvista.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
>> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
>>
>>     
>>> Ant enlightened us with:
>>>  
>>>
>>>       
>>>>     try:
>>>>         assertion = callable.is_assertion
>>>>     except:
>>>>         pass
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
>>> be thrown. Catching everything generally is a bad idea. In this case,
>>> my bet is that catching AttributeError is enough.
>>>
>>>   
>>>       
>> What about doing exception kind of like a C switch statement with a
>> default case:
>>
>> try:
>>  do_something()
>> except TypeError:
>>  fix_something()
>> except:
>>  print "Unknown error, you are doomed"
>>  traceback.print_exc()  #something to print the traceback
>>  exit_gracefully()
>>
>> Is this frowned upon?  You still handle the error and you know where it
>> happened and what happened.  Anything wrong with this?  I don't like the
>> idea of my system crashing for any reason.
>>     
>
> It may be a good idea to do something like this *at the top level of the
> application*. But take time to carefully read the standard exceptions
> hierarchy in the fine manual - you'll notice some exception you perhaps
> don't want to catch or at least don't want to display (hint: look for
> the warnings hierarchy and for SysExit...)
>
>   
Hrmms, well, here's an interesting situation.  So say we wanna catch 
most exceptions but we don't necessarily know what they are going to 
be.  For example, I have a framework that executes modules (python 
functions), the framework wraps each function execution in a try/except 
block in order to compensate for what *might* happen.  Upon coding the 
framework I really have no idea what types of problems these modules 
might have but I want to catch these errors so that I can clean up and 
exit gracefully, not only that but I want to dump the exception to log 
files so that we can attempt to fix it.  So, I have the option of 
catching all standard exceptions and not list the ones I know I don't 
want to catch.  But what about user defined exceptions?  Do I then have 
to enforce policies on the system stating what types of exceptions can 
be raised? 

Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"? 



-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 08:13:20 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 05:13:20 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb6de0$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153138400.460374.218140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Who is likely to bother? In timbot we trust. Have you read the comments
> at the start of Objects/dictobject.c?
>
No I haven't probably wont be anytime soon, as far as time, well
people interested, as is how started my original port, would be more
than willing to try/assess the routines for sets of strings that they
wish to hash etc.. this site may help explain plus has some code
snippets that may help you understand what I mean.

http://www.partow.net/programming/hashfunctions/index.html


> [Aside: it's not "in the built-in dict". Any type which wants its
> instances to be hashable defines its own hash method, one that suits the
> type.]
>
> This belief would be based on:
> (a) actual testing by you
> or (b) a refereed academic paper which did such tests on hash functions
> (including the Python "standard default hash")
> or (c) ...???
>

Experience has shown me that the belief than one "default" way of
hashing is generally not the optimal way for the overwhelming
majority of data, but then again....



> What is the Python "standard default hash", anyway? It is written in C.
> Wouldn't it have been a good idea to provide a Python function for it,
> so that people who are going to "come up with their own specific
> efficient solutions" had something to compare with? Or perhaps they are
> intended to "port" your functions back into C?
>

The above link provides a very simple hash test framework, the
"standard default hash" can be placed in there and tested amongst
the other algorithms.


> A few more questions:
>
> Why have you truncated the answers to 31 bits?
>
algorithms were adapted from unsigned int, i should have removed that
final truncation in python.


> Have you tested that these functions produce the same output (apart from
> the 31-bit thing) as the originals that you worked from? The reason for
> asking is that Python unlike C doesn't lose any bits in the <<
> operation; if this is followed by a >> you may be shifting some unwanted
>   1-bits back in again.
>

Some of them do others don't (not really important unless you are
trying to be compatible with other implementations which this is
not), I am aware of python not truncating/wrapping of values under
various operations, I believe its a nice little side effect from
python which gives more bits to play with as long as you don't
truncate them as I have.


> Talking about not losing bits: For your 36-byte example input, the
> SDBMHash (with its << 16) is up to about 566 bits before you truncate it
> to 31. A little over the top, perhaps. Maybe not the fastest way of
> doing it.
>
Possibly, do you have a better solution I'm very keen to learn...


> What is the purpose of the calls to long() in PJWHash?
>
trying to cast to long, looking at it now its rather superfluous.


> And the $64K question: What is the quintessential difference between
> PJWHash and ELFHash?
>
Nothing, elf is essentially pjw, its just optimised for 32-bit systems
in that the calculation for th's etc are static where has pjw
required sizeof to calc the th's which i couldn't find a way of doing,
so i fudged it in the hope that maybe sometime in the future a work
around of sorts could be developed.

Again this was just a simple posting, I hoped to maybe gets some
comments and may present some ideas to people, I don't expect anyone
to drop everything and start using these, just thought it might be
something interesting for this NG. btw I'm not a very good python
programmer ATM.




Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net



From noone at nowhere  Thu Jul 13 13:44:38 2006
From: noone at nowhere (Jonathan Harris)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:44:38 +0100
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <ZvOdnVy4gpcTGyvZnZ2dnUVZ8tKdnZ2d@pipex.net>

John Salerno wrote:
> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick
...
 > and then just write and run scripts normally straight from
> your memory stick?

Do you actually want a full python environment? Or do you just want an 
easy way to run your scripts on another machine?

If the latter, then look at http://www.py2exe.org/ - "convert python 
scripts into standalone windows programs".

Jonathan.


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sun Jul 30 11:40:49 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 08:40:49 -0700
Subject: Html character entity conversion
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154274049.338215.116340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> Here is my script:
>
> from mechanize import *
> from BeautifulSoup import *
> import StringIO
> b = Browser()
> f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> b.select_form(nr=0)
> b["source"] = "hello python"
> html = b.submit().get_data()
> soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
>
> OUTPUT:
> &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> ----------
> In russian it looks like:
> "?????? ?????"
>
> How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
>
> --
> Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800

I'm having trouble understanding how your script works (what would a
"BeautifulSoup" function do?), but assuming your intent is to find
character reference objects in an html document, you might try using
the HTMLParser class in the HTMLParser module. This class delegates
several methods. One of them is handle_charref. It will be called with
one argument, the name of the reference, which includes only the number
part. HTMLParser is alot more powerful than that though. There may be
something more light-weight out there that will accomplish what you
want. Then again, you might be able to find a use for all that power :P.



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 14:30:37 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 11:30:37 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bfbaf6$0$24597$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153411144.630856.26820@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bfbaf6$0$24597$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153420236.980552.327350@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>
> >>>>>>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
> >>>>>>internal data" at will.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>And this is robust how?
> >>>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>You can do just the same in Java or C++.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>OMG!
> >>
> >>It's common knowledge.
> >>
> > I ask how your solution is robust,
>
> This is definitively not a problem with "my solution". Python has *no*
> access restriction. Anyone can do what he wants with any attribute of
> your Python classes.
>
> > and you go off talking about Java
> > and C++.
>
> Whose access restriction is Joke.
>
> >
> >>>>>>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
> >>>>>>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
> >>>>>>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
> >>>>>>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
> >>>>>>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
> >>>>>>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
> >>>>>>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
> >>>>>>for this.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.
> >>>>
> >>>>I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
> >>>>idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Sure, but calling users idiots for as result of your laziness or poor
> >>>design or lack of robustness is equally idiotic.
> >>
> >>Ok, then 99.99% of Python programmers are lazy, have poor design skills
> >>and are unable to write a robust application. So they are idiotic too.
> >>
> > If you say so.
>
> Logical derivation from your above statement.
>
> >
> >>>>>>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
> >>>>>>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
> >>>>>>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>class Complicated(object):
> >>>>>>def __init__(self, data):
> >>>>>>  self.data = data
> >>>>>>def _get_data(self):
> >>>>>>  return self._data
> >>>>>>def _set_data(self, data):
> >>>>>>  self._data = data
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>and
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>class Pragmatic(object):
> >>>>>>def __init__(self, data)
> >>>>>>  self.data = data
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
> >>>>>>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>I don't know it's your code not mine.
> >>>>
> >>>>IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
> >>>>instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Hey, I didn't write that code. You did! You deal with it. My input on
> >>>__your__ code at this point is irrelevant.
> >>
> >>It's totally relevant, and you're still unable to come with any valid
> >>reason to prefer the first solution over the second. I'm totally
> >>confident that if there was *any* defendable reason to favor the first
> >>approach, you'd have chosen to answer instead of playing dumb.
> >>
> >
> > Chosen what answer? First of all, I have no idea what you are trying to
> > do.
>
> Make you understand why, in Python, it is *totally* useless to mark an
> attribute as implementation and add read/write accessors to it. But it's
> obviously hopeless.
>
> > Secondly, I wouldn't code like that. So asking for my input on
> > some code that I believe has no purpose is irrelevant. In your class,
> > Complicated, why are your accessors private?
>
> They are not "private", they are implementation details - in this case,
> support for a property.
>
> > Why is the attribute the
> > accessors are modifying public?
>
> It is not public, it is marked as implementation detail - in this case,
> support for a property.
>
> > In your second class, can data afford
> > to be modified by anyone?
>
> Obviously - just like in the first example.
>
> >Does doing that cause any corruption, bugs,
> > indiscrepancies in the system? You can't just throw code at me, out of
> > context, and tell me to choose which is better. It's just premature.
>
> If you are unable to understand such a simple code then you are totally
> clueless. Since your are obviously not totally clueless, it's just bad
> faith from you. So I'm obviously wasting my time and bandwidth.
>
> (snip)
> >>>>>See! I'm controlling access.
> >>>>
> >>>>You are not controlling *anything*
> >>>>
> >>>>r = Robust()
> >>>>r._Robust__is_active = True
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>*sighs*
> >>>
> >>>You keep coming up with these unrealistic and impractically delusional
> >>>theories
> >>
> >>Pardon ? Which "unrealistic and impractically delusional theories" ?
> >>Please try the code above instead of getting to big words...
> >>
> >
> > Doesn't that fall under the "DO NOT DO THIS AT HOME KIDS" in the FAQ
> > section or somewhere?
>
> Nope. It falls under the "dont do this unless you really need to and
> know exactly what you are doing and accept all possible consequences -
> IOW you're on your own" section.
>
> >>
> >>>Sure Python lets your do that,
> >>>but that's an implementation detail almost all Python developers could
> >>>give a damn about. How many times do I have to tell you I don't care
> >>>for latent semantic implementation details of Python? Anybody who does
> >>>what you just did should be laughed at derisively and ignored.
> >>
> >>Believe it or not, but there are times someone may have a perfectly
> >>valid reason to do so (probably not with your example, but that's
> >>another point).
> >>
> > I have never seen any Python code do that.
>
> I have.
>
> > I will certainly reject code
> > like that in my project.
> > But if people do it without any ill effects,
> > good for them. I don't do it, I don't know any Python developer that
> > does.
>
> Never heard of the sys._getframe() hack ?
>
> >>>>
> >>>>>Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> >>>>>change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> >>>>>down 27000 lines of code to do it.
> >>>>
> >>>>And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>But I don't want to. I wanna change implementation not interface.
> >>
> >>Changing implementation from direct attribute access to property doesn't
> >>require changing the interface, so there's no reason to use a property
> >>for simple read/write access. period.
> >>
> >
> >
> > There is. The name issues already afore-mentioned elsewhere.
>
> Lol. The "name issue" you talk about is
> 1/ exactly a case of changing *interface*
> 2/ only due to the fact that you're confusing state with non-callable
> attributes.
>
> >>>>>Also a naive third party won't crash
> >>>>>my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.
> >>>>
> >>>>Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
> >>>>stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
> >>>>*her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
> >>>>to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
> >>>>of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
> >>>>with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>That's just silly. If a third party plugin is crashing your app,
> >>
> >>Not my responsability.
> >>
> >
> >
> > You enjoy pointing fingers, don't you?
>
> Nope. But I refuse to be responsible for someone else's stupidity
> (unless this 'someone else' happens to be my son).
>
> >
> >>>guess
> >>>who's gonna get the emails and bug reports? That's right you!
> >>
> >>And ?
> >>
> > You have to investigate it?
> >
> >
> >>>And that
> >>>is after hours of trying to reproduce the bug on your system
> >>>unsuccessfully
> >>
> >>If the app runed fine and all of a sudden starts to crash, I'll suspect
> >>something specific to the user system.
> >>
> > There you go again pointing fingers. It has to be the stupid idiotic
> > users fault.
>
> Your words. Not mines. As far as I'm concerned, I can accept that some
> change in the user's environment can impact my program - sometimes in
> very very strange ways. I've had a case recently involving Trac, SQLite,
> mod_python and PHP5.
>
> >
> >>>because you don't have the bloody plug-in installed and
> >>>they user doesn't know a random plug-in he downloaded is the root of
> >>>the problem.
> >>
> >>"Hi Mr User... Just a question about your problem : did you change
> >>anything in your system recently ? Like installing a new plugin ?"
> >>
> > Yeah, now you have 20/20 hindsight.
>
> Of course - I cheated. At least with the last question. But FWIW, if my
> app was pluggable and I had a similar case, one of the very first thing
> I'd ask would be the detailed and exhaustive list of installed plugins.
>
> >>>>>Because in the real
> >>>>>world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> >>>>>among other forms of ridicule.
> >>>>
> >>>>So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Yes, it can be.
> >>>
> >>
> >>I definitively give up trying to understand you.
> >>
> >
> >
> > I guess you haven't got bug reports that make you feel like shit.
>
> No. I don't allow a bug report to "make me feel like shit". I sometimes
> felt really dumb and sorry when I found out how evident the bug was, but
> that's another problem.
>
> (snip)
> >>>My users are not just end users they are also developers.
> >>
> >>Developpers are supposed to know enough to fill in useful bug reports...
> >>and possibly do some prior research on the problem by themselves.
> >>
> > Developers extend your application in ways you hadn't originally
> > anticipated, thus exposing bugs.
>
> I know, I do a lot of work on existing apps so they fit my customers needs.
>
> > And no, it's not the developers fault.
>
> Which developper ? The author of the app, or the one extending it ?
>
> > I know that's where you are going. There are several reasons why this
> > can happen, including me not protecting object's state properly.
>
> If you exposed as part of the interface some highly critical attribute
> then yes, you are responsible. If it's the other developper messing with
> your implementation, then it's by no way your responsability - but it
> may be a sign that your code could need some support for a use case you
> had not anticipated.
>
> (snip)
> >>>
> >>>Your example
> >>
> >>Which one ?
> >>
> >>
> >>>actually requires more code,
> >>>is looks complex and it's
> >>>ugly
> >>
> >>
> >>You mean:
> >>
> >>class Pythonic(object):
> >>    def __init__(self):
> >>      self._is_active = True
> >>
> >>    @apply
> >>    def is_active():
> >>      def fget(self): return self._is_active
> >>      def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
> >>      return property(**locals())
> >>
> >>
> >>
> (snip)
> > Yes, that.
>
> Then you find Python complex and ugly. But what I find surprising is
> that you could make a judgement on "my example" before I wrote it...
>
>
> (snip)
> >>>What book are we talking about again? I made these rules from my
> >>>experience writing programs in Python, not from any book.
> >>
> >>I fail to see how your view of "data = state / methods = behaviour" or
> >>your advice to "make all data attributes private" comes from experience
> >>writing Python code.
> >>
> >
> > Then I can't help you.
>
> That's an understatement.
>
> >>>But for a lot of people over here who claim they've been
> >>>programming for X number of years, some of them certainly do need to
> >>>hit the books again. I don't believe I spent an inordinate amount of
> >>>time explaining state and behavior or the benefits or techniques for
> >>>reducing coupling or why anyone would need accessors, among other
> >>>things.
> >>
> >>Do you really believe you taught me anything about these topics ?
> >>
> >
> >
> > No, but I surprised some of the terms I use confuse you.
>
> The only term that confused me was actually "contaminated".
>
> > Or why you
> > would question why anyone would need to use accessors.
>
> Where did I question this ? Chapter and verse, please.
>
> > And that you
> > consider data hiding and encapsulation harmful and unnecessary.
>
> I consider language-inforced access restriction as harmful and
> unnecessary. And it has very few to do with encapsulation.
>
> > However, I'll give you the benefit of the doubt.
>
> How nice from you. But given the views you expressed about "sound
> software engineering principles" and your understanding of concepts such
> as state, behaviour, coupling and encapsulation, please consider me as
> definitively wasted.
>
> >>>>>Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
> >>>>
> >>>>The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
> >>>>them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Sure, if it makes you feel better.
> >>
> >>Alas, not. Seeing someone inflicting himself pain because of misbelief
> >>or misunderstanding does not "make me feel better". Too bad you take it
> >>this way.
> >>
> >
> >
> > I feel a lot more pain when I have to investigate bugs that I could
> > have prevented easily if only I had adhered to sound software
> > engineering principles as opposed to drinking philosophical Kool Aid.
>
> Exactly. Here, the "sound software engineering principles" is to pay a
> minimal attention to naming of interface elements, and the
> "philosophical Kool Aid" confusing non-callable attributes with
> implementation detail.
>
> > I'm in tune with most of Python's philosophies. But one needs to know
> > when to make exceptions as opposed to blindly reciting and following
> > ingrained mantras.
>
> Exact once again. Here, the mantra is "state is data is private,
> behaviour is method is public". That may be true for Smalltalk, but not
> for Python.
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


You win!

Bye all, and thanks for your time and insights.

Cheers



From nomail at nixmail.com  Mon Jul  3 07:36:06 2006
From: nomail at nixmail.com (DarkBlue)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 19:36:06 +0800
Subject: Time out question
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1> <1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44a90126@127.0.0.1>


> 
> Sure, see function setdefaulttimeout in module socket.  Just call it as
> you wish before trying the DB connection and catch the resulting
> exception.
> 
> 
> Alex

That should do it.

Thanks
Db


From ruby at no.spam  Fri Jul 28 14:54:55 2006
From: ruby at no.spam (Michal Kwiatkowski)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 20:54:55 +0200
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org><44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>
	<1154112418.313106.263400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadmhc$8qi$1@news.onet.pl>

faulkner wrote:
> ok, so, recursion is just functional programming sugar for a loop.

And a loop is a procedural programming sugar for tail recursion. 8-)

Cheers,
mk
-- 
 . o .       >>  http://joker.linuxstuff.pl  <<
 . . o   It's easier to get forgiveness for being wrong
 o o o   than forgiveness for being right.


From theaney at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 08:24:00 2006
From: theaney at gmail.com (Tim Heaney)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 08:24:00 -0400
Subject: pasting numpy array into bigger array
References: <1153907985.218661.28380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m3vepk4krj.fsf@calvin.watterson>

"TG" <girodt at gmail.com> writes:
>
> let's say I have :
>
> from numpy import *
> x = identity(5)
> y = zeros((7,7))
>
> I want to paste x into y, starting at coordinates (1,1) in order to
> change y to something like this :
>
> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
> 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
> 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
> 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
> 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
> 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
> 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
>
> how would you do that ?

You can use Python slice notation for each dimension

  y[1:6,1:6] = x

In general, I guess you want something like

  y[1:1+x.shape[0], 1:1+x.shape[1]] = x

or

  m, n = 1, 1
  s, t = x.shape
  y[m:m+s, n:n+t] = x

There is a mailing list for numpy

  https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/numpy-discussion

You might have more luck asking your question on there.

I think it's a shame there isn't any free documentation for numpy.

Tim


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sun Jul  2 17:46:05 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 14:46:05 -0700
Subject: wanted: framework for creating nice step by step graphical
	visualisations of running Python code
In-Reply-To: <e899q8$bgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
References: <e899q8$bgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
Message-ID: <1151876765.458048.325670@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

I remember Gato:
http://gato.sourceforge.net/
It animates only algorithms on graphs, but it seems a starting point,
and it works.

I vaguely remember another system, but probably not very good.

Bye,
bearophile



From jeremiah.bess at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 15:20:51 2006
From: jeremiah.bess at gmail.com (Network Ninja)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 12:20:51 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151868051.206324.259810@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


valpa wrote:
> I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> telnet on to them and configure them.
> It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> each server.
>
> Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> could start to type command in these xterms.


I often have to add users/delete local user accounts on routers and
switches. Each account is a local account, and I got tired of it. My
very first python program was created to use the telnetlib, and either
add, delete, or show a list of user accounts. It was very effective,
because it would change the same accounts on each router and switch.
Saved me a bunch of time, and got me hooked on python. If you are not
concerned about security, the telnetlib in python will help you.
Otherwise, use ssh, as it is more secure. You can even impliment
public/private keys for password-less log on. If you want some help
with the code for the telnetlib, let me know.



From http  Sun Jul 30 18:45:20 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:45:20 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<7xbqr6lp9e.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<m7azg.1566$W93.336@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7x8xmavhj3.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> I'm just using Python to prototype, so I cannot use any of these great
> features of the language.

I think when writing a prototype, you should use whatever features you
want, except maybe at the upper levels of program organization.  The
idea of prototyping is to get something done quickly, that you can use
for integration and user testing earlier in the development cycle.  So
you should use whatever Python features are available to make
prototyping faster.  You shouldn't expect the prototype code to
closely match the final C code, if that slows you down.  If you want
code that closely resembles C code, you might as well write in C
directly.


From vbgunz at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 15:40:40 2006
From: vbgunz at gmail.com (vbgunz)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 12:40:40 -0700
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
Message-ID: <1152992440.747421.321920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, but
> not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not support
> history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's own? Is
> there any way to get command history working with InteractiveConsole on
> Linux?

The only time I see [A[B on Linux in a console is when I am not logged
in. Check to see if you're logged in and then try again. AFAIK, Linux
does support console history. I hope this helps :)



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul  3 21:27:09 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 18:27:09 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <1151973804.487505.223550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <065401c69f08$f7f65ab0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo &nbsp;"
which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.

i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string

the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...

 text = "foo cat &nbsp;"

 ie ok_text = strip(text)

 ok_text = "foo cat"

thanks

-bruce

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Rune Strand
Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 5:43 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the parsing
> i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find functions to
> remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars.
>
> i'm assuming python has something like
>
> valid_str = strip(invalid_str)
>
> where 'strip' removes/strips out the invalid chars...
>
> any ideas/thoughts/pointers...

If you're able to define the invalid_chars, the most convenient is
probably to use the strip() method:
>>> a_string = "abcdef"
>>> invalid_chars = 'abc'
>>> a_string.strip(invalid_chars)
'def'

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From chris at kateandchris.net  Wed Jul 26 12:43:22 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:43:22 -0400
Subject: extender method
In-Reply-To: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060726164322.GB11227@kateandchris.net>

On Wed, Jul 26, 2006 at 09:21:10AM -0700, davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> 'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
> explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
> follows:
> 
> class Super:
>    def method(self):
>    # do stuff
> 
> class Extender(Super):
>    def method(self):
>    Super.method(self)   # call the method in super
>    # do more stuff - additional stuff here
> 
> 
> 
> I'm trying to use this for a superclass called 'component' in the
> constructor. I have different types of component (let's say for
> arguments sake resistor, capacitor etc). When I instantiate a new
> resistor, say, I want the constructor to call the constructor within
> the component superclass, and then add some resistor-specific stuff.
> 
> Now, this is fine using the above code. Where I'm struggling is with
> argument passing. The following, for example, doesn't seem to work:
> 
> class Super:
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    self.data = kargs
> 
> class Extender(Super):
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    Super.__init__(self, kargs)   # call the constructor method in Super
You mean
     Super.__init__(self, **kargs)

Note the ** in the call the parent's init method.
>    # do additional extender-specific stuff here
> 
> What am I doing wrong? I get:
> TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
> WARNING: Failure executing file: <main.py>
> 
> Dave
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From deusfaber at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 00:00:09 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:00:09 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8278.1153193682.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<mailman.8278.1153193682.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153195209.671767.204200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Is there no clean method of accessing the keyboard device or the mouse
on linux?
It seems that looking at /proc/interrupts might prove to be useful for
keyboard monitoring. What about checking if the left mouse button is
clicked or finding the position of the cursor on the screen?



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 18:20:57 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 15:20:57 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153174857.623578.155290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

TG wrote:
> Hi there.
>
> Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
> * A is an array of shape (n,)
> * X is a positive float number
> * B is an array of shape (n,)
> * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
>
> A.X - B = O
> min(X)
>
> thanks.

Looks like an incorrectly specified degenerate linear least squares
problem.  The function numpy.linalg.linear_least_squares might be able
to do what you want.


Carl Banks



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 27 09:24:35 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:24:35 +0200
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eaaepk$p9v$00$1@news.t-online.com>

PipedreamerGrey wrote:

> I'm using the script below (originally from http://effbot.org, given to
> me here) to open all of the text files in a directory and its
> subdirectories and combine them into one Rich text
> file (index.rtf).  Now I'm adapting the script to convert all the text
> files into individual html files.  What I can't figure out is how to
> trigger a change in the background value for each folder change (not
> each file), so that text is color-coded by folder.

> for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
>     # divide files names into path and extention
>     path, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
>     # choose the extention you would like to see in the list
>     if ext == ".txt":
>         print file
>         file = open(file)
>         fileContent = file.readlines()
>        # just for example, let's say I want to print the color here as
> if in an html tag...
>         index.write(color)
>         for line in fileContent:
>             if not line.startswith("\n"):
>                 index.write(line)
>                 index.write("\n")

You have to remember which directory you are in:

#untested
last_directory = None
for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
    directory = os.dirname(file)
    if directory != last_directory:
        color = random.choice(["red", "green", "blue"])
        last_directory = directory

    # do whatever you want with file and color
    print color, file 

Peter



From support at mathworks.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 18:47:39 2006
From: support at mathworks.co.uk (support at mathworks.co.uk)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 18:47:39 -0400
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 2
Message-ID: <200607312247.k6VMldC12275@mail-vif.mathworks.com>

This is an automated response.

Thank you for contacting the Technical Support team at The MathWorks Ltd.  A technical support representative will be contacting you within 1 business day.

The following information will help us in responding to your request.  If you have already provided the information requested below, no further action is required.

1) License number, release number, and operating system.  Typing ?ver? at the MATLAB command prompt will list this information.

2) Exact text of any error message(s) received 

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[THREAD ID: 1-2ZFMNJ]

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-request at python.org
Sent: 7/31/2006 6:46:59 PM
To: support at mathworks.co.uk
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 2   

Send Python-list mailing list submissions to
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From hmm at woolgathering.cx  Mon Jul 31 09:38:51 2006
From: hmm at woolgathering.cx (William Witteman)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 09:38:51 -0400
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060731133851.GA32093@sillyrabbi.dyndns.org>

On Mon, Jul 31, 2006 at 04:30:50AM -0700, Andy Dingley wrote:
>noahmd at gmail.com wrote:
>
>> Is Windows
>> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
>> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install
>> to
>> program under Python?
>
>Python is one of the best languages I've found for
>platform-independence - significantly better than Perl.  Right now I'm
>coding Python that runs happily under Redhat, Windows /Cygwin and
>Windows native. It also integrates closely with command line tools like
>subversion, including piping their output into Python-based XML
>parsers. This really wouldn't be easy with Perl.

No, it's easy with Perl too - but this is a Python list, so use Python
:-)

>Find yourself an editor that's pretty similar under both Unix and
>Windows. jEdit is a good place to start.

This is very good advice.  I would recommend vim or emacs (mostly vim,
but I don't wish to start a holy war) as the text-editing power tools of
choice, but you should find something that suits your style.  This list
can probably provide some guidance there, too.

>You might also like to look at running Cygwin under Windows. It's a
>Unix-like command shell that provides nearly every command-line Unix
>tool you could want on a Windows box. Can be a little awkward at times,
>but it's a huge advantage over raw Windows.

Ditto.
--

yours,

William
woolgathering.cx


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 04:35:43 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:35:43 GMT
Subject: self question
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
	<1153937013.028375.270050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980D6198D6A9Aduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Mike wrote:

> I think the answer is that 'def' is an executable statement in python
> rather than a definition that the compiler interprets at compile time.
> 
> As a result the compiler can evaluate 'foo()' when it defines 'bar', so
> it does.
> 
> The following works as expected:
> def bar():
>   print foo()
> 
> Hopefully somebody more knowledgable will also respond
> 

The def statement is, as you say, an executable statement. It creates a new 
function object, so it is quite useful to look directly at the function 
type to see what arguments its constructor takes:

>>> import types
>>> help(types.FunctionType)
Help on class function in module __builtin__:

class function(object)
 |  function(code, globals[, name[, argdefs[, closure]]])
 |  
 |  Create a function object from a code object and a dictionary.
 |  The optional name string overrides the name from the code object.
 |  The optional argdefs tuple specifies the default argument values.
 |  The optional closure tuple supplies the bindings for free variables.
...

The arguments passed to the constructor when the def statement is executed 
are:

a code object. This object is created once when the module containing the 
function is compiled. The def doesn't have to do anything with the actual 
code, so it will take the same time whether you def a function of 1 line or 
1000 lines.

globals is the same value as you get by calling the builtin globals().

name is the function name. It's a string constant.

argdefs is the interesting one here. It is a tuple of the default argument 
values and is created every time the def statement is executed.

closure is another tuple which is created every time the def statement is 
executed. This allows a def nested inside another function to reference the 
current local variables which are in scope when the def executes. This 
tuple can only contain cell objects which are an internal object type used 
for scoped variables.

So, argdefs and closure are the two things which are different each time 
you def a function, everything else is constant and shared between 
definitions of the same function.


From belred at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 20:14:08 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 17:14:08 -0700
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
In-Reply-To: <1152987101.679173.53680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1152987101.679173.53680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9c0cb$e62$1@sea.gmane.org>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> Adam wrote:
>> Where should a py newbie start to do some 2D graphs on screen ?
>> PythonGraphApi,
>> Gato, looks interesting
>> pygraphlib,
>> matplotlib,
>> is there a best native Python place to start ?
> 
> The only good and simple way I have found so far to do some free
> graphics with Python in a Window is using PyGame. (You can also use
> TKinter, but it's slower).
> MatPlotLib is very good to graph functions, datasets, etc. and to save
> them to an image file.
> There are other good libs if/when you want 3D graphics.
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile
> 

do you think that pygame would be a good alternative to matplotlib to create 
some graphs such simple bar and line graphs?  i want to animate them as new data 
comes comes in.  i would also like to have the bars and graphs have nice shading 
if possible to give it a really attractive look.  also, do you know if a pygame 
windows can be embedded in a wxPython app?

thanks,

bryan



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 00:41:19 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 21:41:19 -0700
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
In-Reply-To: <200607012219.18086.paul@boddie.org.uk>
Message-ID: <021401c69d91$c3150030$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi paul...

in playing around with the test python app (see below) i've got a couple of
basic questions. i can't seem to find the answers via google, and when i've
looked in the libxml2dom stuff that i downloaded i didn't see answers
either...

for the list in the "for label in d.xpath" how can i find out the size of
the list???? a simple/basic question, but it's driving me up a wall!!!

also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
object?

thanks...

-bruce




From nomail at nixmail.com  Sun Jul  2 20:47:17 2006
From: nomail at nixmail.com (DarkBlue)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:47:17 +0800
Subject: Time out question
Message-ID: <44a86915@127.0.0.1>

My application makes several connections to
a remote database server via tcp/ip.
Usually all is fine,but occasionally the server is
down or the internet does not work and then there is
the 30 sec to several minutes timeout wait for the
tcp to give up.
Is there anything I can do without using 
threads,sockets,twisted etc. to have following :

pseudocode :

 try for 10 seconds
   if database.connected :
    do your remote thing
 except raise after 10 seconds
   abort any connection attempt
   do something else 


Thanks


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 17:02:01 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 14:02:01 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6dd8a$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> I can't speak for your code, but this is the most common use of keys in
> my coding:
> # d is some dictionary
> keys = d.keys()
> keys.sort()
> for k in keys:
>   #blah

This you can rewrite quite effectively as:

     for k in sorted(d):
         #blah

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 01:05:15 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 00:05:15 -0500
Subject: numarray
In-Reply-To: <08f201c69fef$9d50b4b0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <e8fful$evi$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<08f201c69fef$9d50b4b0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <e8fha6$hgb$1@sea.gmane.org>

bruce wrote:
> robert....
> 
> i did an
>  python>>> import numpy
>      a = array([['q','a'],['w','e']])
> 
> and it didn't work...
> 
> i used
>   >>from import numpy *
> 
> and it seems to accept the 'array' word.. .looks like it will work...
> 
> what's the difference between 'import numpy', and "from import numpy *"

Okay, you need to go through the tutorial first:

   http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html

And also, you'll want to read this, too:

   http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

Probably the best place to get your current questions answered is the 
python-tutor mailing list.

   http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From 31337one at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 15:03:54 2006
From: 31337one at gmail.com (31337one at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 12:03:54 -0700
Subject: Simulate input to another program
In-Reply-To: <nM2dnUkcFtyxllTZnZ2dnUVZ8qWdnZ2d@scarlet.biz>
References: <1154025758.484753.180200@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<nM2dnUkcFtyxllTZnZ2dnUVZ8qWdnZ2d@scarlet.biz>
Message-ID: <1154027034.574582.150920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

So there is no easy built in way to do this?



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Tue Jul 11 02:59:09 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 08:59:09 +0200
Subject: threading troubles
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <m2irm4mxtu.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> sreekant <skodela at lithium.com> (S) wrote:

>S> Hi folks
>S> What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in
>S> the background.
>S> #########################################
>S> class MyThread(threading.Thread):
>S>     def __init__(self, cmd, callback):
>S>         self.__cmd = cmd
>S>         self.__callback = callback
>S>         threading.Thread.__init__(self)

>S>     def run(self):
>S>         os.system(self.__cmd)
>S>         self.__callback('abcd')
>S>         return


>S> cmd=midiplay+' '+fmidi
>S> xc=MyThread(cmd,addlog)
>S> xc.start()


>S> ######################
>S> midiplay is 'fluidsynth -ni /home/mysndfont.sf2 mymidi.mid'
>S> addlog is a function which prints the log.

>S> If I run it only with xc.start() it does not run the program as in
>S> os.system. However if I  put
>S> xc.start()
>S> xc.run()

>S> then it starts and runs it in foreground with my pygtk ui non responsive.

You shouldn't call run() yourself. It is for the thread library itself.
I tried your example with cmd='ls -l' and it works. If I put a print
'started' after the xc.start(), it prints that before the output of ls -l,
indicating that ls -l is running in  the background. (Of course the actual
order is up to the scheduler.) Maybe running it inside a pygtk program
could be different but I wouldn't know why.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From vijayendra.bapte at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 06:02:13 2006
From: vijayendra.bapte at gmail.com (victor)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 03:02:13 -0700
Subject: how to stop python
References: <mailman.8716.1154313044.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154340133.801422.169690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

or if u want explicit exit of program then use:

import sys
sys.exit(1)

or

raise SystemExit, 'message'

Dan wrote:
> bruce bedouglas at earthlink.net posted:
>
>  > perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything
>  > similar. how can a python app be stopped?
>
> I see this sort of statement a lot in Perl:
>      open(FH, "myfile.txt") or die ("Could not open file");
>
> I've no idea why you're asking for the Python equivalent to die, but if
> it's for this sort of case, you don't need it.  Usually in Python you
> don't need to explicitly check for an error.  The Python function will
> raise an exception instead of returning an error code.  If you want to
> handle the error, enclose it in a try/except block.  But if you just
> want the program to abort with an error message so that you don't get
> silent failure, it will happen automatically if you don't catch the
> exception.  So the equivalent Python example looks something like this:
>      fh = file("myfile.txt")
>
> If the file doesn't exist, and you don't catch the exception, you get
> something like this:
> $ ./foo.py
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "./foo.py", line 3, in ?
>      fh = file("myfile.txt")
> IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'myfile.txt'
> 
> /Dan



From pythonwannabe at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 11:45:51 2006
From: pythonwannabe at yahoo.com (Py PY)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:45:51 -0400
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
Message-ID: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>

(Apologies if this appears twice. I posted it yesterday and it was held 
due to a 'suspicious header')

I'm having a hard time trying to get a couple of tests to pass when 
compling Python 2.3.5 on Ubuntu Server Edition 6.06 LTS. I'm sure it's 
not too far removed from the desktop edition but, clearly, I need to 
tweak something or install some missling libs.

uname -a

Linux server 2.6.15-23-server #1 SMP Tue May 23 15:10:35 UTC 2006 i686 
GNU/Linux

When I compile Python I get these failing

4 skips unexpected on linux2:
    test_dbm test_mpz test_bsddb test_locale

I've got libgdbm-dev and libgdbm3 packages installed.

Help!



From eduardo.padoan at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 11:25:20 2006
From: eduardo.padoan at gmail.com (eduardo.padoan at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 08:25:20 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
Message-ID: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I have some ideas about a ORM design, but have no time to start its
development.
I used SQLObject, Django's Model, and looked at SQLAlchemy and Dejavu,
an readed some thread in the last year or so.
Here is an example:

#from EnhancedOcject.all import *
from EnhancedObject.core import EObject, EType, EPersistModel,
EMetaType # EMetaType => EType
from EnhancedObject.utils import e_apply
## map attributes to fields - All Inheriting from EAttribute
from EnhancedObject.basic import EInt, EStr, EUni, EFloat #
python_types->db_types Bridges
from EnhancedObject.datime import EDate, ETime, EDateTime #
python_libs->db_types Bridges
from EnhancedObject.relat import EComposition, EAgregation,
EAssociation
# EAssociation SubClasses by multiplexity
from EnhancedObject.relat import EHasMany, EHasA

MyEType = __metaclass__ = EMetaType(engine="postgre", dbname="foo")) #
Right place to do that?

# EPersistModel: EFields? EPersistAttribs? EAttrsToFields? EMetaTable?
ETableModel?
func_table = EPersistModel(name=EStr(maxlen=50, required=True),
                           salary=EFloat(currency=True,
maxval=1000.00),
                           hired=EDate(required=True))
sector_table = EPersistModel(name=EStr(maxlen=25, required=True))

class Person:
    # persist_model inherited as False - non-persistent objects
    def do_things_people_do(self):
        pass


class Func(Person):
    persist_model = func_table
    sector = EAssociation('Sector', mult=1) # Multiplexities = 1..* =
(1,)
                                            #                  0..1 =
(0, 1)
                                            #                  0..* =
(0,)
                                            #                etc...
    def __init__(**kw):
        ## Just a litle convenience, the same as:
        ##     self.name, self.hired, self.salary = name, hired, salary
        ## but with the meth. sig. as:
        ##     def __init__(self, name, hired, salary=500.00)
        e_apply(self, kw, ['name', 'hired', ('salary', 500.00)])
        ## raises an exception when 'name' or 'hired' is not found in
kw
        ## raises an warning when an key in kw is not in the list

class Sector:
    persist_model = sector_table
    funcs = EAssociation('Func', mult=(1,))
    def __init__(**kw):
        e_apply(self, kw, 'name')

for table in MyEType.instances: # instaces: an iterable
(EObjInstancesManager instance)
    if table.persist_model:
        table.create_table()
## OR
MyEType.instances.create_tables()

## TODO: Inheritance beetween persistent classes
##       How will this work? the must util and consistent way

s1 = Sector("IT")
f1 = Func(name="Gornivaldo Plezituso", hired=date.now(), sector=s1)

list("#%i:%d" % (i, name) for name in enumerate(f1.instances)) # =>
["#1: Gornivaldo Plezituso"]

# Lets Query!
# q_: query methods for each persistent instance attribute in the
related EObjInstancesManager
#     returns an EQuery object, that has q_ methods too, to refine the
search
#     lazyness: only executes the query when iterated or indexed:
f1 = Func.instances.q_name(eq="Gornivaldo
Plezituso").q_hired(le=date,now)[0]
                       # eq, diff, gt, lt, le, ge, starts_with,
ends_with, etc



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 16:39:06 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:39:06 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153945116.341568.72210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153946346.499873.248500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Qiangning Hong wrote:
> faulkner wrote:
> > re.findall('\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*|\S+', s)
>
> sorry i forgot to give a limitation: if a letter is next to a bracket,
> they should be considered as one word. i.e.:
> "a(b c) d" becomes ["a(b c)", "d"]
> because there is no blank between "a" and "(".

This variation seems to do it:

import re

s = "a (b c) d [e f g] h i(j k) l [m n o]p q"

def splitup(s):
    return re.findall('''
        \S*\( [^\)]* \)\S*  |
        \S*\[ [^\]]* \]\S*  |
        \S+
        ''', s, re.VERBOSE)

print splitup(s)

# Prints

['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'i(j k)', 'l', '[m n o]p', 'q']


Peace,
~Simon



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Thu Jul  6 10:44:28 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 16:44:28 +0200
Subject: numarray
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7797.1152075307.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7797.1152075307.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8j7k9$cv0$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

bruce wrote:
> robert....
> 
> i did an
>  python>>> import numpy
>      a = array([['q','a'],['w','e']])
not tested, but you usually need to mention where to find array:
   a = numpy.array([['q','a'],['w','e']])
> 
> and it didn't work...
> 
> i used
>   >>from import numpy *
> 
> and it seems to accept the 'array' word.. .looks like it will work...
from numpy import *
makes numpy.array available as array in your code.

I would be kind of you to post what you have exactly done as the phrase 
"from import ..." can't be it.

Claudio Grondi
> 
> what's the difference between 'import numpy', and "from import numpy *"
> 
> comments...
> 
> thanks
> 
> -bruce
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
> Of Robert Kern
> Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:42 PM
> To: python-list at python.org
> Subject: Re: numarray
> 
> 
> bruce wrote:
> 
>>hi...
>>
>>i'm trying to find numarray.. i found the numpy on sourceforge and
>>downloaded/installed..
>>
>>i did a
>>python>> import numarray
>>
>>and got an error...
> 
> 
> Never just say "I got an error." It tells us nothing. Copy-and-paste the
> exact
> error message. I presume, however, that you installed numpy, not numarray.
> They
> are not the same thing.
> 
> 
>>the docs that i've seen point to the sourceforge area.. but i only see
>>numpy.. which appears to incorporate numarray..
> 
> 
> No, it replaces numarray.
> 
> http://www.scipy.org/NumPy
> 
> 
>>my goal is to somehow define multi-dimensional arrays of strengs...
> 
> 
>  >>> from numpy import *
>  >>> a = array([['some', 'strings'],['in an', 'array']], dtype=object)
>  >>> a
> array([[some, strings],
>         [in an, array]], dtype=object)
> 
> --
> Robert Kern
> 
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it
> had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco
> 
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 


From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Mon Jul 24 13:00:19 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:00:19 -0400
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
Message-ID: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKAEBACBAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>

Hello:

   Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
is I can't have a
  def func1 (int1, string1):
   and a 
  def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
    without the second func1 overwriting the first.

   However, operators can be overloaded. 
   So can I define a new operator?  If so, can I
define func1 as an operator?

(on the side, I have always wanted to define the
++ operator as +=1. Is that possible?)

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz



From raviram at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 17:13:42 2006
From: raviram at gmail.com (sfo)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 14:13:42 -0700
Subject: hash of hashes
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8044.1152648114.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8044.1152648114.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152652422.543181.209580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks to all for the feedback. it worked.

--RR

Tim Chase wrote:
> > how do i create a hash of hash similar to perl using dict in python
> > $x{$y}{z}=$z
>
> Pretty much the same as in perl, only minus half the crazy abuses
> of the ASCII character-set.
>
> Okay...well, not quite half the abuses in this case...
>
>  >>> x = {}
>  >>> y = 42
>  >>> z = 'foonting turlingdromes'
>  >>> x[y] = {}
>  >>> x[y][z] = 'crinkly bindlewurdles'
>
> Or, if you want to do it in a single pass:
>
>  >>> x = {y:{z:'crinkly bindlewurdles'}}
>  >>> x
> {42: {'foonting turlingdromes': 'crinkly bindlewurdles'}}
> 
> 
> -tkc



From grante at visi.com  Wed Jul 12 13:09:37 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 17:09:37 -0000
Subject: How to delete a Python package
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-12, Nick Vatamaniuc <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote:

>> Installing a Python package is easy, most of time just
>> "Setup.py install" However, setup.py doesn't seem to support
>> an uninstall command. If I want to delete a package that I
>> do not use any more, should I just manually delete the
>> corresponding sub directory under Lib\site-packages?

> As a rule,  if you use a Linux distribution, you should just install
> the package and then remove the package using the package manager.

That's fine except a lot of python packages aren't available in
any of the various Linux distro package formats.

> Distutils uninstallation is not supported. Of course you could
> manually delete the directory in site-packages in most, but
> not all (!) cases, that should remove all the files of the
> package.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I hope something GOOD
                                  at               came in the mail today so
                               visi.com            I have a REASON to live!!


From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 07:45:35 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:45:35 -0700
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
Message-ID: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I often use:

a='yy'
tup=('x','yy','asd')
if a in tup:
   <...>

but I can't find an equivalent code for:

a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
tup=('x','yy','asd')
if tup in a:
   < ...>

I can only do:

if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
   <...>

but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.

Is there a way around this?



From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Fri Jul 14 05:10:53 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (Andreas Rossberg)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:10:53 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>

Darren New wrote:
> Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> 
>> Yes, technically you are right. But this makes a pretty weak notion of 
>> mutability. All stateful data structures had to stay within their 
>> lexical scope, and could never be passed to a function. 
> 
> Not really. The way Hermes handles this is with destructive assignment. 
> Each variable holds a value, and you (almost) cannot have multiple 
> variables referring to the same value.

OK, this is interesting. I don't know Hermes, is this sort of like a 
dynamically checked equivalent of linear or uniqueness typing?

> If you want to assign Y to X, you use
>    X := Y
> after which Y is considered to be uninitialized. If you want X and Y to 
> have the same value, you use
>    X := copy of Y
> after which X and Y have the same value but are otherwise unrelated, and 
> changes to one don't affect the other.

Mh, but if I understand correctly, this seems to require performing a 
deep copy - which is well-known to be problematic, and particularly 
breaks all kinds of abstractions. Not to mention the issue with 
uninitialized variables that I would expect occuring all over the place. 
So unless I'm misunderstanding something, this feels like trading one 
evil for an even greater one.

- Andreas


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:19:51 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:19:51 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <ldo-2015DB.18443403072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<ldo-2015DB.18443403072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1151914791.336030.35660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

agreed, SSH is advisable over telnet in nearly all situations.
However, there are a few times where telnet is better.
1. Embeded machines often have stripped down OS's.  Telnet is much
smaller and cheaper than a full blown SSH install.  When every byte
counts, you wont find SSH
2. He may have a pre-existing network which his job does not allow him
to modify.

In either case, pexpect will do the job you need.  Build the scripts
with pexpect, and then look into whether or not you can upgrade from
telnet to SSH.  Converting a pexpect script from telnet to SSH is
trivial.

I've got a few scripts to do exactly what you are asking to do, from a
Gnome machine, along with an XML file to configure it.  It spawns a
gnome multi-terminal with all the tabs, then telnets, ssh's, or
connects to the local machine, and runs a command.  Once that command
is done, the window enters "interactive" mode and behaves just like any
other shell.

Are you at liberty to explain the network more fully?  Mr. D'Oliveiro
makes an excelent point.  When you're doing the same thing to a bunch
of machines, there's a good chance that a unix sysadmin has banged
his/her head on the table over the same problem, and wrote a program to
do this.  Programs like rsync exist because of the challenges of
keeping multiple machine synchronized.

Annother option would be to do some creative mounting of NFS volumes.
A unix guru would be able to direct you to the most elegant solution



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Tue Jul 18 22:24:09 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:24:09 -0400
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9k5c5$3sc$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Patrick Maupin" <pmaupin at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153240327.611631.76600 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
>
> Carl Banks wrote:
>>     def process_values(lst):
>>         if not lst:
>>             return
>>         do_expensive_initialization_step()
>>         for item in lst:
>>             do_something_with(item)
>>         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>> What if you called the function like this:
>>
>>     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)

> The perverse wish, expressed in the specific example, that SOME piece
> of code SOMEWHERE should PLEASE throw an exception because some idiot
> passed a generator expression rather than a list into a function, is
> not apt to be well received by an audience which strives for generality
> when it makes sense; and I daresay most members of that audience, if
> confronted with the wished-for exception, would fix the function so
> that it quite happily accepted generator expressions, rather than
> changing a conditional to use len() just so that an equivalent
> exception could happen a bit earlier.

Given that the input is going to be scanned by an iterator, it really makes 
sense to me to accept an iterator as input.  (Unless the function is for 
special-case usage in a predefined, never to be expanded, set of 
circumstances in which such generality is not needed.  In such a case, if 
lst: is no problem.)  I think the following, untested rewrite suffices.

def process_values(lst):
    it = iter(lst)
    try:
        item = it.next()
        do_expensive_initialization_step()
        do_something_with(item) # see note
        for item in it:
            do_something_with(item)
        do_expensive_finalization_step()
    except StopIteration:
        pass # or any special empty input code

# note: if writing do_something_with(item) is bothersome,
# replace 3 lines with
        while True:
            do_something_with(item)
            try:
               item = it.next
            except StopIteration:
                break

In general, to work with iterators instead of containers, change

if container:
    do_stuff()
else:
    do_empty()

to

try:
    item = it.next()
    do_modified_stuff() # taking into account that have item already
except StopIteration:
    do_empty()

Guido has so far vetoed adding .__len__() to the iterator protocol because 
a) it is not always possible and b) he want to keep the protocol as simple 
as it is.

Terry Jan Reedy






From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 26 14:59:12 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 20:59:12 +0200
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <ea8e12$1ic$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Pierre Thibault wrote:

> Hum, this example seems like a special case not really appropriate for my
> needs. Let me make my problem a little more precise. The objects I'll want
> to iterate through will always contain some floats. Very often, I guess
> they will be numpy.ndarray instances, but they can be something else as
> well. For instance, I will have to deal with arrays having internal
> symmetries (crystallographic datasets). The most efficient thing to do
> with those is save only the unique values and keep track of the symmetry
> operations needed to extract other values.
> 
> A 1d examples: I have a class which represents a unit cell
> which has the additional mirror symmetry in the middle of the cell. Say
> C is an instance of this class representing data on a 50-long array. Only
> 25 datum will be stored in C, and the class takes care of giving the value
> of C[0] if C[49] is asked, C[1] for C[48], and so on. Since crystals are
> periodic, the translational symmetry can also be managed (C[-1] == C[49]
> == C[0], C[-2] == C[48] == C[1]...). In any case, the user of this object
> need not know how the data is stored: for him, C is just a funny
> array-like object defined from -infinity to +infinity on a 1-D lattice.
> 
> Now, I want to do simple math operations on the data in C. Doing a loop
> from 0 to 49 would loop twice through the actual data. In this
> context, an iterator is perfect since it can take care internally of going
> through the data only once, so it would be great to access _AND MODIFY_
> data over which I iterate.

That would not only be nice but crucial to the integrity of your data. You'd
have to explicitly forbid operations on individual cells as applying an
operation to a single cell would change two or more cells, depending of the
kind of symmetry.

> I now realize I don't know how to do that with numpy.ndarray either. It
> looks like the only way I can modify the content of an array is by using
> the [] notation (that is, in random access). For instance, the
> following will not change the state of a:
> 
> import numpy
> a = numpy.array([[1.,2.,3.],[4.,5.,6.],[7.,8.,9.]])
> 
> for c in a.flat
>     c += 2.
> 
> Of course, I know that a += .2 would be alright, but this is not general
> enough for more complicated classes.
> 
> So I guess my problem is worst than I thought.

Indeed, but I don't think it would be easier in C++...

Peter





From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:59:18 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (simon.hibbs at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:59:18 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Jeremy Jones wrote:

> What does main.py do?  Are you creating an instance of the gui thingy?
> If so, you could just pass DataObject into your gui thingy either into
> the constructor or to a setter once you create an instance of it.

It's a wxPython app. I created the GUI initialy using wxGlade which
gave me a small myapp.py script, a file containing the main application
frame (containing a listbook controll) and several files containing
panel classes. Each panel class contains controlls for performing
various operations on the data set (adding records, deleting them,
running various transformations). I can't say I understand how it all
works at a deep level, although I've been hacking it about quite
successfuly so far.

Presumably if I pass DataObject through to the Frame object, and from
there through to the Panel objects then presumably this will solve the
probelm? I guess it would be passed by reference so all the panels
would be working on the same data object?

Doh! How simple. Why didn't I think of that? I'm too used to procedural
scripts where you'd just put everything in a global data structure. I
know this is bad, but it's hard to get out of that mentality.

Many thanks,

Simon Hibbs

P.S. Regular reader of your blog on Oreillynet.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 06:01:01 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:01:01 +0200
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net><asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com><44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu><YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu>
Message-ID: <e8t8gt$gsm$1@sea.gmane.org>

"guthrie" wrote:

> But if (as I proposed..!) the user interface is better if presented as a
> method. one could porovide convenience methods which would then
> interface to these underlying library functions; yes?

but if it isn't?  and why this obsession with superficial syntax details?  there's
a lot more to a language than what standard syntax it uses for trivial things...

</F> 





From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Wed Jul  5 08:17:40 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (Rony Steelandt)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 14:17:40 +0200
Subject: Troubles with SQLDict
Message-ID: <44abad02$0$850$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

I would like to use SQLDict against a MS SQL server database, but got stuck 
at the very beginning

import pymssql

import SQLDict

# Connect to database

c=pymssql.connect('192.168.1.13:dblisamaster:sa')

db = SQLDict.SQLDict(c)


class VAT(SQLDict.ObjectBuilder):
      table = 'TBLVat'
      columns = ['VATID','VATLabel']
      update_columns = columns
      indices = [('ID',['VATID'])]

VAT().register(db)
db.TBLVat.loc['1']

the last instruction gives me the error :
------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./bureau/test.py", line 19, in ?
    db.TBLVat.loc['1']
  File "C:\Python24\lib\SQLDict.py", line 155, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self.db, attr)
AttributeError: pymssqlCnx instance has no attribute 'TBLVat'
------------------------------------------------------------------

This is allmost a copy of the instructions in the module, so I have no idea 
what goes wrong.
Any ideas ?

tia

Rony Steelandt




From shane at hathawaymix.org  Mon Jul  3 13:14:14 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 11:14:14 -0600
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>

Alex Biddle wrote:
> Ah, so separate downloads then. At least now I know.
> 
> Ergh... I checked the version of Python my current host is running and its 2.2.
> 
> ...ergh....

This is why you really want a VPS (virtual private server).  The cost is 
similar to a web host but you get to choose your own technologies and 
versions.  Several companies come to mind:

http://westhost.com/
http://jvds.com/
http://linode.com/

I'm using Westhost, which provides Python 2.2 if you ask for it, but I 
compiled Python 2.4 instead.  I didn't even have to ask whether I was 
allowed to do that. :-)

Shane



From http  Tue Jul 11 20:07:12 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 17:07:12 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xbqrvofdb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Qiangning Hong" <hongqn at gmail.com> writes:
> However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I found it
> produces different values in my two computers!  In a pentium4,
> hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') -> 12416037344.  Does
> hash function depend on machine's word length?

The hash function is unspecified and can depend on anything the
implementers feel like.  It may(?) even be permitted to differ from
one run of the interpreter to another (I haven't checked the spec for
this).  Don't count on it being consistent from machine to machine.

> If it does, I must consider another hash algorithm because the spider
> will run concurrently in several computers, some are 32-bit, some are
> 64-bit.  Is md5 a good choice? Will it be too slow that I have no
> performance gain than using the "url" column directly as the unique key?

If you're going to accept the overhead of an SQL database you might as
well enjoy the use of the abstraction it gives you, instead of trying
to implement what amounts to your own form of indexing instead of
letting the db take care of it.  But md5(url) is certainly very fast
compared with processing the outgoing http connection that you
presumably plan to open for each url.

> I will do some benchmarking to find it out. 

That's the right way to answer questions like this.


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Mon Jul  3 12:57:58 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:57:58 -0700
Subject: Classes and global statements
In-Reply-To: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a9474b$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Sheldon wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I have a series of classes that are all within the same file. Each is
> called at different times by the main script. Now I have discovered
> that I need several variables returned to the main script. Simple,
> right? I thought so and simply returned the variables in a tuple:
> (a,b,c,d,e) = obj.method()
> Now I keep getting this error: "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size"
What you need to do at this point is read the _whole_ error message
(including the ugly traceback stuff).  Think hard about what is going
on.  "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size" comes from returning
a tuple of a different size than your assignment is producing:

     def triple(v):
         return v, v*v

     x, y, z = triple(13)

Break up the assignment and insert prints:

     # x, y, z = triple(13)
     temp = triple(13)
     print "I'm going to expand the triple:", temp
     x, y, z = temp


>  I think this is because I am trying to return some Numeric arrays as
> well as list and I didn't declare these prior to calling the class
> method. 
Don't guess and hypothesize; create experiments and test.  Your
reasoning is off in the ozone.  You waste a lot of time creating
great theories; make tiny theories and _test_ them.

<<and the theories wander farther and farther off into the weeds>>

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From tomerfiliba at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 13:04:23 2006
From: tomerfiliba at gmail.com (gangesmaster)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 10:04:23 -0700
Subject: suggestion: adding weakattr to stdlib
Message-ID: <1151946263.656877.78200@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

three-liner:
reposted from python-dev for more feedback. it suggests to add
the weakattr class to the standard weakref.py module.
comments are welcome.

[ http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.devel/81875 ]

From: tomer filiba <tomerfiliba <at> gmail.com>
Subject: weakattr
Newsgroups: gmane.comp.python.devel
Date: 2006-07-01 13:49:46 GMT (2 days, 3 hours and 12 minutes ago)

weakattr (weak attributes) are attributes that are weakly referenced
by their containing object. they are very useful for cyclic references
--
an object that holds a reference to itself.

when a cyclic reference is found by the GC, the memory may be
freed, but __del__ is not called, because it's impossible to tell which
__del__ to call first. this is an awkward asymmetry with no clean
solution: most such objects provide a "close" or "dispose" method
that must be called explicitly.

weakattrs to solve this problem, by providing a "magical" attribute
that "disappears" when the attribute is no longer strongly-referenced.

you can find the code, as well as some examples, on this link
http://sebulba.wikispaces.com/recipe+weakattr

since the stdlib already comes with weakref.py, which provides
higher level concepts over the builtin _weakref module, i'd like to
make weakattr a part of it.

it's only ~20 lines of code, and imho saves the trouble of explicitly
releasing the resource of un__del__able objects.

i think it's useful. here's a snippet:

>>> from weakref import weakattr
>>>
>>> class blah(object):
...     yada = weakref()
...
>>> o1 = blah()
>>> o2 = blah()
>>> o1.yada = o2
>>> o2.yada = o1

o1.yada is a *weakref* to o2, so that when o2 is no longer
strongly-referenced...
>>> del o2
o1.yada "magically" disappears as well.
>>> o1.yada
... AttributeError(...)

since the programmer explicitly defined "yada" as a weakatt, he/she
knows it might "disappear". it might look awkward at first, but that's
exactly the *desired* behavior (otherwise we'd just use the regular
strong attributes).

another thing to note is that weakattrs are likely to be gone only
when the object's __del__ is already invoked, so the only code that
needs to take such precautions is __del__ (which already has some
constraints)

for example:

>>> class blah(object):
...     me = weakattr()
...
...     def __init__(self):
...         self.me  = self
...
...     def something(self):
...         # we can rest assure me exists at this stage
...         print self.me
...
...     def __del__(self):
...         # by the time __del__ is called, "me" is removed
...         print "me exists?", hasattr(self, "me")
...
>>> b = blah()
>>> b.me
<__main__.blah object at 0x00C0EC10>
>>> b.something()
<__main__.blah object at 0x00C0EC10>
>>> del b
>>> import gc
>>> gc.collect()
me exists? False
0
>>>



-tomer



From sxn02 at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 14:34:15 2006
From: sxn02 at yahoo.com (Sorin Schwimmer)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:34:15 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Tix Tree open/close issue
Message-ID: <20060713183415.90997.qmail@web56001.mail.re3.yahoo.com>

Hi,

I tried for the first time a Tix Tree, so, if my
question is naive, I apologize upfront.

The following code:
<code>
from Tix import *

r=Tk()

tr=Tree(r)
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1',text='branch 1')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1',text='branch 1-1')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1.b1',text='branch
1-1-1')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b1.b2',text='branch
1-1-2')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2',text='branch 1-2')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2.b1',text='branch
1-2-1')
tr.subwidget('hlist').add('br1.b2.b2',text='branch
1-2-2')
r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1','close')
r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1.b1','open')
r.tk.call(tr,'setmode','br1.b2','open')
#tr.setmode('br1','close')
#tr.setmode('br1.b1','open')
#tr.setmode('br1.b2','open')
tr.grid()

r.mainloop()
</code>

will show the whole tree, but will set correctly the
(+) and (-) boxes. (The commented out statements where
in place before direct calls to Tk - same result).

I was hoping to have some branches hidden (the leaves,
in this case).

How should I proceed?

Thanks,
Sorin

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul 28 14:52:41 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:52:41 -0400
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org><1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadmdp$9d1$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1154094589.662300.12610 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> True, that is why it behaves the way it does, but which way is the
> correct way? i.e. does the code need updating or the documentation?

I think the doc. 





From mail at microcorp.co.za  Fri Jul 28 08:49:39 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:49:39 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org><3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com><mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <00db01c6b245$4ceb1480$03000080@hendrik>

"Paul Rubin" <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> Wrote:


| "H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
| > So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an
| > idiot writes something to the following effect :
| >
| > *instructions to disable interrupts*
| >
| > followed by :
| >
| > *instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls*
| >
| > the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine...
|
| A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer,
| which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every
| so often (e.g. by writing to some register).  If too long an interval
| goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu.  Normally the
| software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine.
| A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running,
| eventually resulting in a reset.

*grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that I have not
seen on PC's yet...

- Hendrik





From rajarshi.guha at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 13:46:55 2006
From: rajarshi.guha at gmail.com (rajarshi.guha at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 10:46:55 -0700
Subject: iterate over a series of nodes in an XML file
Message-ID: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I have an XML file which contains entries of the form:

<idlist>
 <myID>1</myID>
 <myID>2</myID>
....
 <myID>10000</myID>
</idlist>

Currently, I have written a SAX based handler that will read in all the
<myID></myID> entries and return a list of the contents of these
entries. However this is not scalable and for my purposes it would be
better if I could iterate over the list of <myID> nodes. Some thing
like:

for myid in getMyIDList(document):
   print myid

I realize that I can do this with generators, but I can't see how I can
incorporate generators into my handler class (which is a subclass of
xml.sax.ContentHandler).

Any pointers would be appreciated

Thanks,
Rajarshi



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sun Jul  9 17:47:46 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 17:47:46 -0400
Subject: please remove posting we are receiving unsolicited emails
References: <5032a120607082156p357ccf65ndd195c8c5aded0c0@mail.gmail.com>
	<5032a120607082158m1ef4b2a1s24c42b1e8863270c@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e8rti3$407$1@sea.gmane.org>


"homeprice maps" <homepricemaps at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:5032a120607082158m1ef4b2a1s24c42b1e8863270c at mail.gmail.com...

>dear python ,

Python is a language, not a person that can act in in this universe.

>as a result of the following posting we are receiving emails from >people 
>regarding services and websites we have no relation to.

Join the club

>please please have this posting removed asap.

Posts to python-list are sent to comp.lang.python, which is archived for 
months or longer by numerous newsgroup servers and indefinitely by google. 
Any of these are the most likely places checked by spammers.  Posts also go 
to gmane.comp.python.general and get archived by news.gmane.com.

But, given how email addresses come and go, spammers will check current 
postings, not things 6 months old.  So you will probably get a few more 
from this removal request ;-).  Sorry.

tjr





From prikryl at skil.cz  Tue Jul  4 02:54:35 2006
From: prikryl at skil.cz (Petr Prikryl)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 08:54:35 +0200
Subject: [noob question] References and copying
References: <e6c2p5$h7j$1@inews.gazeta.pl>
Message-ID: <e8d3bb$dn$1@news.contactel.cz>

"zefciu" wrote in message news:e6c2p5$h7j$1 at inews.gazeta.pl...
> Where can I find a good explanation when does an interpreter copy the
> value, and when does it create the reference.  I thought I understand
> it, but I have just typed in following commands:
>
> >>> a=[[1,2],[3,4]]
> >>> b=a[1]
> >>> b=[5,6]
> >>> a
> [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
> >>> b
> [5, 6]
>
> And I don't understand it.  I thought, that b will be a reference to a,
> so changing b should change a as well.  What do I do wrong.

The assignment always copy the reference, never the value.
After b=a[1] the b refers to the list object [3,4].
After b=[5,6] the earlier binding is forgotten, the new list with
values [5,6] is created and the b is bound to the new list.

But if you did
b[0] = 5
b[1] = 6

then you would get the expected result. The reason is that
b[0] is bound to 3 inside the big list refered by a, and
it is rebound to 5.

The suggested b[:] = [5, 6] is a shortcut for that (in fact,
it is slighly more magical and powerful).


> And a second question - can I create a reference to element of a list of
> floating points and use this reference to change that element?

No. Because the trivial types and also the string type are immutable
(i.e. constant). The list would contain references to the constants.
You cannot change the value of any constant. You have to replace
the reference.

Another possibility is to create your own class that will represent
one floating point value but will be mutable. In other words, the object
of your class will be a container (refered from the list) and its
internal state--the floating number--will be changed using the
method of the container.

pepr




From rune.strand at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:23:14 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:23:14 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <1152025197.180654.48410@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024130.318945.278290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152025197.180654.48410@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152026594.222861.185030@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


> so fastest overall

you may experience speed-ups by using

from itertools import izip

and just use izip() instead to avoid the module namespace lookup. The
same applies for the list.append() methods. If you're appending some
million times

a_list = []
a_list_append = a_list.append
a_list_append(value)

will be faster than

a_list.append(value)

but not much.



From edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz  Thu Jul 13 20:54:12 2006
From: edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz (Edmond Dantes)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 20:54:12 -0400
Subject: 3d simulation
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152582869.586707.277060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152837924_7338@news-east.n>

placid wrote:

> 
> alimoe wrote:
>> > Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?
>>
>> whats the difference?
> 
> 
> Genetic Programming:
> is an automated methodology inspired by biological evolution to find
> computer programs that best perform a user-defined task.
> 
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Programming
> 
> Genetic Algorithms: search technique used in computer science to find
> approximate solutions to optimization and search problems.
> 
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithms

I would tend to think that Lisp is more suited for Genetic Programming than
Python is. However, it is possible to do. Heck, I even had the crazy idea
of doing Genetic Programming in C++ once, however ugly that would've
been!!!!!

Actually, there is an AI project that I'm doing in Python rather than Lisp
because Python is much better supported. A pity, really, since Lisp has so
much more power and expressiveness. Alas, Python has extensive libraries
and are well documented to boot. Only an academic would have the time to do
anything with Lisp. :-(

-- 
-- Edmond Dantes, CMC
And Now for something Completely Different:
  http://experience.MyInfiniteSuccess.com
  http://sheetrock.searchborg.com
  http://footwear.AreYouTaken.com
  http://handmade-invitations.giftsantiquescollectables.com
  http://screws.SlamItYourself.com
  http://sex-education.WomenLite.com
  http://scratching.KindPets.com


 Posted Via Usenet.com Premium Usenet Newsgroup Services
----------------------------------------------------------
    ** SPEED ** RETENTION ** COMPLETION ** ANONYMITY **
----------------------------------------------------------        
                http://www.usenet.com


From orsenthil at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 11:33:13 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 08:33:13 -0700
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
Message-ID: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
       Following are my files.
In the format:

Filename
----
content
----

config1.txt
----
#DataBase Repository file
dbRepository = omsa_disney.xml
----

config2.txt
----
# Configfile for sendmail

[Sendmail]
userprefix = testuser
----

pyConfig.py
----
import re

def pyConfig():
    fhandle = open( 'config1.txt', 'r' )
    arr = fhandle.readlines()
    fhandle.close()

    hash = {}

    for item in arr:
        txt = item.strip()
        if re.search( '^\s*$', txt ):
            continue
        if re.search( '^#.*$', txt ):
            continue
        if not re.search( '^\s*(\w|\W)+\s*=\s*(\w|\W)+\s*$', txt ):
            continue
        hash[txt.split( '=' )[0].strip().lower()] = txt.split( '='
)[1].strip()

    print hash['dbrepository']
----

pyConparse.py
----
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser

def pyConParse():
    configparser = ConfigParser()
    configparser.read('config2.txt')
    print configparser.get('Sendmail','userprefix')

----

Question is:
How do I compare the performance of pyConfig.py vs pyConparse.py using
timeit module?
I tried it as the way it is mentioned in the example, but when I do
Timer("pyConfig()","from __main__ import pyConfig"), it imports
pyConfig in infinite loop. ( How does the python doc example on timeit
work? Anyone tried it?)

I just need to compare pyConfig.py and pyParse.py. ( And as general
question x.py and y.py)
How I can do it? Please consider this as a newbie question as well.

Thanks,
Senthil



From heuristic at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 12:43:01 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:43:01 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>

Ah, so separate downloads then. At least now I know.

Ergh... I checked the version of Python my current host is running and its 2.2.

...ergh....

On 7/3/06, Alex Martelli <aleax at mac.com> wrote:
> Python 2.5's standard library includes pysqlite.  For any other DB, or
> any previous release of Python, you need separate downloads.
>
> Of course, shared hosts that are too lazy (and uninterested in
> supporting Python) to perform a 20-seconds download and install, will
> hardly be upgrading to Python 2.5 in the next 20 years or so, therefore
> I doubt that pysqlite becoming part of the standard library is of any
> help to the problem you have stated (in the "for instance" paragraph).
>
>
> Alex
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From dppdoran at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 03:35:05 2006
From: dppdoran at gmail.com (Dermot Doran)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:35:05 +0200
Subject: New to threads. How do they work?
In-Reply-To: <1153378402.468743.138510@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<f05ub2ds9l6lb3tocpjk8bediv8ck84mqi@4ax.com>
	<1153378402.468743.138510@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <a0227ec10607200035j5bfda214t47e7ad649ee2120b@mail.gmail.com>

Hi

I think the answer to your last question is that the threading module
provides a high level interface (i.e. easier to  use) to the thread module.
The thread module is very low-level.  Any threaded python scripts I have
written (not expert) have used the threading module which is, in my opinion,
a very clean easy to use module.  Just takes a bit of hacking with to get
used to.

Cheers!!

Dermot.


On 19 Jul 2006 23:53:22 -0700, gel <geli at tasmail.com> wrote:
>
>
> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
>
> > On 19 Jul 2006 19:08:12 -0700, "gel" <geli at tasmail.com> declaimed the
> > following in comp.lang.python:
> >
> > > import thread
> > >
> >       Step one... Skip the thread module and use threading module
> instead.
> >
> > > def create():
> > >
> > >         pythoncom.CoInitialize()
> > >         c = wmi.WMI()
> > >         while 1 :
> > >
> > >             print "watching creation"
> > >             watcher = c.watch_for(notification_type="Creation",
> > > wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
> >
> >       I don't know WMI, but is that delay a real sleep operation, or a
> > polling loop?
> >
> >       And either could be a problem if they hold the GIL -- preventing
> > anything else from running until they return...
> >
> > >
> > > thread.start_new_thread(create(),())
> > > thread.start_new_thread(delete(),())
> >
> >       At the very least, I suggest commenting out the COM and WMI calls
> --
> > test threads that ONLY print output and do a time.sleep(1). That should
> > be sufficient to see if the threads themselves are being started.
> > --
> >       Wulfraed        Dennis Lee Bieber               KD6MOG
> >       wlfraed at ix.netcom.com           wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> >               HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> >       (Bestiaria Support Staff:               web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> >               HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/
>
> Thanks alot for your help.  I had tried using threading with a
> different setup in the function side but did not get success. I think
> that I have winner now.  Thanks again.  What follows is the what I have
> working so far.  And another question why do you prefer to us threading
> and thread?
>
> import wmi
> import pythoncom
> import threading
>
> def create():
>
>        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
>        c = wmi.WMI()
>        while 1 :
>
>            print "watching creation"
>            watcher = c.watch_for(notification_type="Creation",
> wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
>            print watcher()
>
> def delete():
>
>        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
>        d = wmi.WMI()
>        while 1 :
>            print "watching deletion"
>            watcher = d.watch_for(notification_type="Deletion",
> wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
>            print watcher()
>
> import threading
> threading.Thread(target=create).start()
> threading.Thread(target=delete).start()
>
> Cheers
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 10:56:24 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:56:24 +0200
Subject: Persistant dictionary with lockable elements
In-Reply-To: <1152715666.789997.277300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152715666.789997.277300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b50d99$0$19115$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Will McGugan wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to have a persistant dictionary in a server so that incoming
> requests acquire a specific Python object, do something with it then
> return. There wont be that many objects but it is the persistance that
> is important here, I want the information to survive server re-starts /
> crashes. The Shelve module seems ideal for this, but because the server
> will be multithreaded I would like to be able to lock individual
> elements of the shelve while they are being processed (not just the
> entire Shelve object).
> 
> Is there some way of using Shelve like this, or should I just move to a
> more typical database solution?

You may want to try with the ZODB. Or with SQLite.



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Tue Jul 25 04:03:59 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 20:03:59 +1200
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea4j85$96p$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153777525.305785.168650 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
xan2 at ono.com wrote:

> I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
> minimal authoritative dns server.

You'll probably need to start by reading and understanding RFC1034 and
RFC1035.


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 15:42:15 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:42:15 -0700
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <1153942934.963745.296040@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Pierre Thibault, some people here surely know enough Python (and C++)
to solve your problem, but often the problem is understanding the
problem. I have understood your problem just partially, so the
following are just ideas.

First of all I suggest you to use a normal Python list to keep the
data, and later modify the code to use an array if it is too much slow
or if you need arrays to do some special things, like plotting, etc.
Developing using normal Python lists is a bit simpler.

With python you can redefine the __getitem__ and __setitem__ of an
object according to its crystal symmetries. Then you can define some
method like iterkeys that yields (with yield) the only indexes that the
symmetry allows to be set.

Then you can iterate on those indexes and update the values in the list
attribute.

Bye,
bearophile



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:29:32 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:29:32 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97nst$a45id$4@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
References: <d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
	<1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97nst$a45id$4@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <1152890972.511862.231590@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> Marshall wrote:
> >
> > After all, what are the alternatives? Purely-functional
> > languages remove themselves from a large class of
> > problems that I consider important: data management.
>
> Maybe, but I have yet to see how second-class variables are really more
> adequate in dealing with it.
>
> And note that even with second-class state you can still have aliasing
> issues - you just need mutable arrays and pass around indices. Keys in
> databases are a more general form of the same problem.

So for array a, you would claim that "a[5]" is an alias for
(a part of) "a"? That seems to stretch the idea of aliasing
to me. With these two expressions, it is obvious enough
what is going on; with two arbitrary pointers, it is not.

It seems to me the source of the problem is the opacity
of pointers, but perhaps I am missing something.


> > I have explored the OO path to its bitter end and am
> > convinced it is not the way. So what is left? Uniqueness
> > types and logic programming, I suppose. I enjoy logic
> > programming but it doesn't seem quite right. But notice:
> > no pointers there!  And it doesn't seem to suffer from the
> > lack.
>
> Uh, aliasing all over the place! Actually, I think that logic
> programming, usually based on deep unification, brings by far the worst
> incarnation of aliasing issues to the table.

Hmmm. Can you elaborate just a bit?


Marshall



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 11:37:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 17:37:57 +0200
Subject: Python Stripped CSS Background Image Calls
In-Reply-To: <1153839960.864146.139900@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153800112.281524.171410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.05.27.49.707513@gmx.net>
	<1153839960.864146.139900@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c63ad6$0$29880$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

JenAsh wrote:
> Thanks Marc,
> 
> Yes, there is a web framework, basically the CSS is used as the layout
> wrapper of the Python script. It is a include call within the Python
> script.
> 
Then first post to this framework's mailing list, or to the author.
FWIW, there are few chances you get any useful answer on a unspecified
web framework here.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sdcook55 at sbcglobal.net  Wed Jul 19 22:53:25 2006
From: sdcook55 at sbcglobal.net (Stan Cook)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 02:53:25 GMT
Subject: Tkinter focus_set use with grid
Message-ID: <FeCvg.132816$dW3.6147@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>

A newbie to Tkinter here. . . . . .

I'm trying to set the focus on an Entry textbox with 
focus_set.  I am using the grid manager.  I created the same 
interface before using the  pack() method and the focus_set 
worked, but now it says

"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'focus_set'"

Below is the section of the code:

#	CREATES THE GUI FOR DCN INPUT
def get_dcn():
	master = Tk()
	_dcn = StringVar()
	label1 = Label(text="Enter DCN:",width=10).grid(row=0)
	txtbox = Entry(relief=SUNKEN, width=20, takefocus=1, 
textvariable=_dcn).grid(row=0, column=1)
	txtbox.focus_set()
	btnOK= 
Button(text="OK",command=assign_dcn(_dcn)).grid(row=1, column=0)
	btnCancel = Button(text="Cancel", 
command=killer).grid(row=1, column=1)
	master.mainloop()
	return

Does anyone know where I went wrong?

Regards. . . .

__S Cook


From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:11:26 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:11:26 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152645085.978812.149480@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"?

>>> try:
...   raise AttributeError
... except Exception, ex:
...   if isinstance(ex, AttributeError):
...     print "Won't catch it!"
...     raise ex
...

Won't catch it!
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 7, in ?
AttributeError

Or that sort of thing.



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sat Jul 15 14:11:41 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 11:11:41 -0700
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
In-Reply-To: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1152987101.679173.53680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Adam wrote:
> Where should a py newbie start to do some 2D graphs on screen ?
> PythonGraphApi,
> Gato, looks interesting
> pygraphlib,
> matplotlib,
> is there a best native Python place to start ?

The only good and simple way I have found so far to do some free
graphics with Python in a Window is using PyGame. (You can also use
TKinter, but it's slower).
MatPlotLib is very good to graph functions, datasets, etc. and to save
them to an image file.
There are other good libs if/when you want 3D graphics.

Bye,
bearophile



From tkpmep at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 20 15:31:07 2006
From: tkpmep at hotmail.com (tkpmep at hotmail.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 12:31:07 -0700
Subject: IronPython and scipy/pyExcelerator
Message-ID: <1153423866.965173.83440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I'm looking forward to the release IronPython, primarily for its IDE. I
currently use scipy and pyExcelerator to crunch numbers and write them
to Excel: does can these packages be used with IronPython as well?

Thanks in advance

Thomas Philips



From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 11 11:31:40 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:31:40 +0200
Subject: std in and stdout
References: <44b24a8a$0$12939$91cee783@newsreader02.highway.telekom.at>
Message-ID: <e90g8n$mib$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Juergen Huber wrote:

> how would i fix the following problem:
> 
> now i have an input file with a fix name and an output file!
> i have this two files hardcoded written in the sourcecode of this
> function!
> 
> in the future i will start this script with the command line.
> the syntax should be look like this:
> 
> Python Function | Source File    |   Output File
> -------------------------------------------------------
> fileanalyse.py    sourcefile.csv     filenalyse.txt
> 
> i will call the programm always with the commandline, that i could type in
> various filenames for the input and output files!
> 
> could anybody help me?!

Are you perhaps looking for sys.argv? The following example takes filenames
from the command line and defaults to stdin/stdout:

import sys

def analyse(instream, outstream):
    pass # your code

instream = sys.stdin
outstream = sys.stdout

if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    instream =  open(sys.argv[1])
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
    outstream = open(sys.argv[2], "w")

analyse(instream, outstream)

instream.close()
outstream.close()

Peter

PS: You might be interested in posting to the oh so quiet german-language
de.comp.lang.python


From stefan.eletzhofer at googlemail.com  Fri Jul 28 17:07:19 2006
From: stefan.eletzhofer at googlemail.com (seletz)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:07:19 -0700
Subject: Python and real-time OS timing/task communication?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8489.1153769467.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8489.1153769467.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154120839.043417.278690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

Ray Schumacher wrote:
> Has anyone used Python and a hard real-time OS/patch to schedule timed events?
> We have started in on Debian and RTAI, and may be using LXRT.
> (I've been reading http://people.mech.kuleuven.be/~psoetens/lxrt/portingtolxrt.html)

you should really also try http://www.xenomai.org; IMHO it has a much
cleaner API than
RTAI. And it even works for PPC targets, if thats of interst to you
(both 2.4 and 2.6 kernels).

Userspace RT programming works like a charm.

> I was envisioning that we really only need a separate RT-process in C using RDTSC or ACPI clocking that can get its control messages from non-RT Python every 50ms or so, to toggle pins on parport0.
> Any pointers, examples, etc for communicating from Python to an RT task?

Xenomai has lots of communication primitives -- I even can imagine a
simple c-coded python extension to communicate over rt queues.

Xenomai also has a "posix RT" skin, which tries to provide all of the
POSIX RT extensions, maybe even a recompile of python and linking
against the posix rt skin of xenomai would be enough.

HTH,
Stefan.
> 
> Thanks,
> Ray



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 24 16:54:20 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 20:54:20 -0000
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12ca5ln1qq82k36@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153770127.379472.43140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12cacrspveqm981@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-24, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com <alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com> wrote:

>> Logs of the serial traffic would be helpful.
>
> Here they are. First a log of the traffic generated by the
> T-logger GUI program, abtained with Portmon.

I try to avoid Windows as much as humanly possible, but one
thing that appears to be different is that Tlogger clears RTS
and your program sets it.  Try clearing RTS in your program
when you set up the serial port.

If clearing RTS doesn't help, I guess I'd try different flow
control settings (try enabling and disabling RTS/CTS flow
control).

Since you're dealing with binary data, make sure that Xon/Xoff
flow control is disabled.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  What's the MATTER
                                  at               Sid?... Is your BEVERAGE
                               visi.com            unsatisfactory?


From malahal at us.ibm.com  Fri Jul 14 00:06:32 2006
From: malahal at us.ibm.com (malahal at us.ibm.com)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 21:06:32 -0700
Subject: TFTP client in python
Message-ID: <20060714040632.GA5379@us.ibm.com>

Is there a TFTP client python module? I just need "get file" feature.
I came across two implementations on WEB, but they are kind of
unfinished (got the code from some mailing list!).

Thanks, Malahal.


From DirkHagemann at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:42:11 2006
From: DirkHagemann at gmail.com (Dirk Hagemann)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:42:11 -0700
Subject: Countdown timer for different timezones
Message-ID: <1152196930.404368.249580@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi!

I'd like to implement a countdown timer on a webite. It should show the
months, days, hours, minutes and seconds until a given date and time.
So far it's not really difficult, but this website will be used from
different time zones, what will make a difference of 10 hours, if I use
the time-information from the client. The event will take place at one
fixed moment which is worldwide the same.

Does anyone know a way to solve this time-zone-problem?

Regards and thanks for your ideas
Dirk



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 21 19:25:11 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 09:25:11 +1000
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c16267@news.eftel.com>

On 22/07/2006 2:18 AM, Simon Forman wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
>> Simon Forman wrote:
>>
>>> Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string,  so if you

(1) Every regex library's match() starts matching from the beginning of 
the string (unless of course there's an arg for an explicit starting 
position) -- where else would it start?

(2) This has absolutely zero relevance to the "match whole string or 
not" question.

>>> want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
>>> want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
>>> the rest of your pattern matches.)

*NO* ... if you want to ensure that the whole string matches completely, 
you need to end your pattern with "\Z", *not* "$".

Perusal of the manual would seem to be indicated :-)

>> Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the
>> full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match
>> (meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's wrong?

Yes. If the default were to match the whole string, then a metacharacter 
would be required to signal "*don't* match the whole string" ... 
functionality which is quite useful.

> 
> My understanding, from the docs and from dim memories of using
> re.match() long ago, is that it will match on less than the full input
> string if the re pattern allows it (for instance, if the pattern
> *doesn't* end in '.*' or something similar.)

Ending a pattern with '.*' or something similar is typically a mistake 
and does nothing but waste CPU cycles:

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
re;s='a'+80*'z';m=re.compile('a').match" "m(s)"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.12 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a').match" "m(s)"
100000 loops, best of 3: 1.15 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
re;s='a'+80*'z';m=re.compile('a.*').match" "m(s)"
100000 loops, best of 3: 1.39 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a.*').match" "m(s)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 24.2 usec per loop

The regex engine can't optimise it away because '.' means by default 
"any character except a newline" , so it has to trundle all the way to 
the end just in case there's a newline lurking somewhere.

Oh and just in case you were wondering:

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"import 
re;s='a'+8000*'z';m=re.compile('a.*',re.DOTALL).match" "m(s)"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.18 usec per loop

In this case, logic says the '.*' will match anything, so it can stop 
immediately.

> 
> I'd test this, though, before trusting it.
> 
> What the heck, I'll do that now:
> 
>>>> import re
>>>> re.match('ab', 'abcde')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb6ff8790>
>>>> m = _

??? What's wrong with _.group() ???

>>>> m.group()
> 'ab'
>>>> print re.match('ab$', 'abcde')
> None
> 

HTH,
John



From xan2 at ono.com  Wed Jul 26 13:29:33 2006
From: xan2 at ono.com (xan2 at ono.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:29:33 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
In-Reply-To: <vMadnVNi4o_pFVrZnZ2dnUVZ_radnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<vMadnVNi4o_pFVrZnZ2dnUVZ_radnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1153934973.413382.214640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Well, thanks, but I think it's so few for beginning..... ,-(
Is it not any high-level DNS class? Errrr!!!

Regards,
Xan.

Jack wrote:
> I was looking for something like that. I came across this:
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/491264
> It's not ready to use but you can modify it.
>
>
> <xan2 at ono.com> wrote in message
> news:1153777525.305785.168650 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'm new in python. I know that there are several classes for writing
> > dns servers, but I don't understand it
> >
> > I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
> > minimal authoritative dns server. I would like that anyone show me the
> > code, minimal, for learn how expand it.
> >
> > The code I desireed should do the following:
> >
> > 1) It has an hash:
> > hosts = { "myhost"   => 84.34.56.67
> >                "localhost" => 127.0.0.1,
> >                "blue"  => fe80::20f:b0ff:fef2:f106
> >         }
> > 2) If any application asks if know any hosts, say nothing if this host
> > is not in the hash (hosts). If this host is in the hash, return the ip
> > 3) And not do anything more
> >
> > So if we put this server in /etc/resolv.conf then the browsers only
> > recognize the hosts we want
> >
> > Thanks in advance,
> > Xan.
> >
> > PS: For personal communication, DXpublica @@@@@ telefonica.net
> >



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 20 09:36:07 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 13:36:07 GMT
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns98069488FF3F3duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Anoop wrote:

> let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
> function in the deprecated format
> 
> map(string.lower,list)

What you just wrote is the deprecated format.

There are plenty of ways to write it in an undeprecated format. The 
simplest is probably:

    [ s.lower() for s in list ]



From martin at v.loewis.de  Fri Jul 28 19:09:19 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?UTF-8?B?Ik1hcnRpbiB2LiBMw7Z3aXMi?=)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 01:09:19 +0200
Subject: Unicode question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8664.1154098517.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8664.1154098517.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44CA991F.80403@v.loewis.de>

Ben Edwards (lists) wrote:
> Firstly sys.setdefaultencoding('iso?8859?1') does not work, I have to do
> sys.setdefaultencoding = 'iso?8859?1'

That "works", but has no effect. You bind the variable
sys.setdefaultencoding to some value, but that value is never used for
anything (do sys.getdefaultencoding() to see what I mean). You could
just as well write

sys.standardkodierung = 'iso-8859-1'

> secondly the following does not give a 'UnicodeError: ASCII encoding
> error:', and I would expect ti to.  In fact it prints out the n with ~
> above it fine:
> 
> sys.setdefaultencoding = 'ascii'
> s = u'La Pe\xf1a'
> print s
> 
> Any insight?

The print statement uses sys.stdout.encoding, not the default encoding.

Regards,
Martin


From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  2 20:55:05 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 17:55:05 -0700
Subject: python function defs/declarations
References: <mailman.7712.1151886490.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhv03v.fmtr4muyclxtN%aleax@mac.com>

bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> hi..
> 
> the docs state that the following is valid...
> 
> def foo():
>  i = 2
>  print "i = "i
> 
> print "hello"
> foo()
> 
> 
> is there a way for me to do this..
> 
> print "hello"
> foo()
> 
> def foo():
>  i = 2
>  print "i = "i
> 
> ie, to use 'foo' prior to the declaration of 'foo'

There are no declarations in Python.  "def" is an executable statement:
when executes it binds a new function object to the given name.

So, your request is like asking to do, say:

print "hello"
print wap

wap = "world"

At the time you use name wap, nothing is bound to it; the fact that
something would later be bound to it (if the binding statement, here an
assignment but that's exactly as much of an executable statement as a
def!) is pretty clearly irrelevant.  Having a clear idea about these
issues is why it's important to remember the distinction between
executable statements (including def, class, assignments, ...) and
declarations (which Python does not have).

You can probably wrap your code in a function, and call it at the end:

def main():
  print "hello"
  foo()

def foo(): ...whatever...

main()


By the time the body of main executes, "def foo" has already executed,
so global name foo is happily bound and everything works fine.

Wrapping most substantial code inside functions is VERY advisable anyway
-- just put just about all the code you'd like to have at module top
level (except for def, class and assignments to "module constants") into
a function (conventionally named main) and call that function at the
very end of the module (ideally within an "if __name__=='__main__":"
guard, but that's a different issue!).


Alex


From maxerickson at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 11:15:02 2006
From: maxerickson at gmail.com (Max Erickson)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:15:02 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Unicode question
References: <1154098513.8407.29.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <Xns980E728205F5Fmaxericksongmailcom@80.91.229.5>

"Ben Edwards (lists)" <lists at videonetwork.org> wrote:

> I am using python 2.4 on Ubuntu dapper, I am working through Dive
> into Python.
...
> Any insight?
> Ben


Did you follow all the instructions, or did you try to call 
sys.setdefaultencoding interactively?

See:

http://diveintopython.org/xml_processing/unicode.html#kgp.unicode.4.1


hope this helps,
max



From fabio.pliger at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 04:59:15 2006
From: fabio.pliger at gmail.com (Mr BigSmoke)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:59:15 -0700
Subject: Py2exe for packaging installers?
References: <eacgsq$btg$1@sun-cc204.lut.ac.uk>
	<1154075293.434926.4830@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154077155.124338.147170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>
> However, it's not platform independant -- it'll be for windows only.
>

Yeah, u'll have to use py2exe similars for mac (should be py2app, if i
remember right....). py2exe is a Python distutils extension which
converts python scripts into executable windows programs

cheers

Fabio



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 21 22:10:42 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 19:10:42 -0700
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153534242.279707.90310@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

optional arguments.
map(lambda x, one=1: x + one, ...)

it is entirely possible, however, to implement let in python.
def let(**kw):
    sys._getframe(2).f_locals.update(kw)

def begin(*a):
    return a[-1]

map(lambda x: begin(let(one=1), x+one), range(10))

i really should warn you, though, that most pythoneers will cringe at
code like that, no matter how well they understand it. write python in
python, and you'll have more friends.


davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:
> What is the idiomatically appropriate Python way to pass, as a "function-type parameter", code that is most clearly written with a local variable?
>
> For example, map takes a function-type parameter:
>
>    map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])
>
> What if, instead of just having x+1, I want an expression that is most clearly coded with a variable that is needed _only_ inside the lambda, e.g. if I wanted to use the name "one" instead of 1:
>
>    map(lambda x: (one = 1  x+one), [5, 17, 49.5])
>
> This sort of thing is of course straightforward in many other languages with anonymous functions (Scheme, Haskell, Smalltalk, etc), and I saw in the archives the discussion from 2003 about "How do I get Scheme-like let bindings in Python". Many of the answers seem to boil down to "You should not write Scheme programs in Python, you should write Python programs in Python". As someone new to Python, I'd like a little more detail on this, so I'm asking _what_ I should do when I want to pass, to something like map, code that is most clearly expressed with a local variable?
>
> Do I
>
>   a) give up on using a local variable and just substitute the value in its place (going back to my original use of map),
>
>   b) give up on using an anonymous function and create a named "successor" function with "def",
>
>   c) give up on making "one" local to the lambda and create it in the scope in which I'm calling map, even if I don't otherwise need it there,
>
>   d) give up on using Python and go back to Scheme, or
>
>   e) do something else clever and Pythonic that I don't know about yet?
>
> What is the idiomatically correct way to do this in Python?
>
> Thanks for any constructive advice you can give,
> 						Dave Wonnacott
>
>
> P.S., For those who want a bit more context about what I'm doing, I'll provide it -- anyone else is welcome to skip the rest of this message.
>
>
> As you may guess, I am in the process of learning Python. I have some experience with C/C++ and Scheme and other forms of Lisp, as well as passing familiarity with a bunch of other languages.
>
> I teach an introductory CS course in which I cover a variety of topics that I believe are central to computer science and can be expressed in any language, such as algorithm design, unit and integration testing, writing code that maintains an invariant property of a set of variables. However, I do not like the "language-free" or "all-pseudocode" approach to teaching -- I believe all examples should be shown in a real language, and that the code should be as true to the customary idioms of that language as possible. This limits my choice of language somewhat, since I include elements of functional programming, imperative programming, and object-oriented programming -- I'm not happy doing things like cramming functions into unnecessary classes in Java. However, I currently believe that Python will be at least as good as C++ for what I want to do, and am exploring the details of how it would work out.
>
> One of the things I'm doing is discussing various styles of thinking about the execution of an algorithm, specifically as a process of textual substitution of equals for equals (as one would generally do in Haskell or other functional languages, or in mathematics) or a sequence of ordered steps to be followed (as one would generally do in imperative languages). Note that, while Haskell programmers may say that substitution is the true way that their programs are executed, and C++ programmers may say that a sequence of ordered steps is what's "really going on", the actual process of going from your source code to the output of your program can be blending of these two techniques -- for example, a C++ compiler may perform substitution where it is legal to do so, producing a machine language program that is executed _mostly_ in order (though a processor may commute the order of execution where it is legal to do so). Anyway, in almost any language, there are _some_ ways to perfo!
>  rm substitutions without changing the result of a piece of code (e.g. substituting the value of a variable that is only assigned once, for each of its uses), and some things that can be visualized in terms of execution of steps even if one wishes to do so (even in a language like Haskell).
>
> The question of the use of variables inside a lambda is relevant to my understanding of the contexts in which one can think of Python programs in terms of substitution, as well as my learning of proper Python idioms.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 14:04:18 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:04:18 +0100
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <donn-19261B.09311320072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<donn-19261B.09311320072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
Message-ID: <e9ogjf$evo$2@sea.gmane.org>

Donn Cave wrote:
[...]
> 
> Oh, excellent - the string module is dead, long live
> the string module!  I can replace string.join with
> str.join, and never have to defile my code with that
> ' '.join(x) abomination.
> 
  >>> lst = ['Steve', 'Holden']
  >>> str.join(' ', lst)
'Steve Holden'
  >>>

Just so long as you don't complain about the arguments being in the 
wrong order ...

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From ed at leafe.com  Mon Jul 17 21:45:49 2006
From: ed at leafe.com (Ed Leafe)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:45:49 -0400
Subject: Capturing instant messages
Message-ID: <4307B1EF-757F-492E-959F-91213D5EDBF1@leafe.com>

	I've been approached by a local business that has been advised that  
they need to start capturing and archiving their instant messaging in  
order to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley. The company is largely PC, but  
has a significant number of Macs running OS X, too.

	Googling around quickly turns up IM Grabber for the PC, which would  
seem to be just what they need. But there is no equivalent to be  
found for OS X. So if anyone knows of any such product, please let me  
know and there will be no need for the rest of this post.

	But assuming that there is no such product, would it be possible to  
create something in Python, using the socket or a similar module?  
They have a number of servers that provide NAT for each group of  
machines; I was thinking that something on those servers could  
capture all traffic on port 5190 and write it to disk. Is this  
reasonable, or am I being too simplistic in my approach?

-- Ed Leafe
-- http://leafe.com
-- http://dabodev.com





From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Fri Jul 14 16:07:38 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 13:07:38 -0700
Subject: {} for set notation
In-Reply-To: <1152895170.006099.113850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152893133.357692.310670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152895170.006099.113850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152907658.535051.283650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

tac-tics wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> > I really like the set notation idea. Now that sets are first class
> > "citizens" along with dicts, lists and tuples I think they should be
> > used when it makes sense to use them
>
> In actual usage, though, how often is it strictly required one uses a
> set over a list?

A lot.  Perhaps you haven't personally encountered many use cases for
them, but I assure you that I and others have.

> It is similar to how queue and stack are not in the
> default namespace.

Not really.  set has proven itself to be more generally useful than the
other containers; that's why it was promoted to builtin only one
release after it was added to the standard library.  (IIRC, people on
this list were not very enthusiastic about it, since a dict could cover
some (not all) of the use cases, but it kind of won people over.)

> Unless you really need to ensure no one is allowed
> to make random access changes to your data, a list with push and pop is
> really all you need.

No it isn't.  There are several things sets are signifcantly better
than lists at:

1. A set ensures there are no duplicate items, which is often very
important.

2. Membership testing.  "a in b" is O(N) if b is a list, but O(1) if b
is a set.  What this means is, on average, testing whether an item is
in a list is roughly proportional to the length of the list, whereas
testing whether an item is in a set is roughly constant, no matter how
big the set it.  If you have thousands of items in your collection,
using a list is really going to slow things down.

3. Set operations: union, intersection, difference.  I use sets a lot,
but these operations not as often.  However, when the need for them
comes up, these methods are absolutely indispensable.

Again, maybe you don't encounter the need for them in your programming
(or perhaps you do and aren't aware of how sets could help), but many
people use them a lot.


Carl Banks



From M.Waack at gmx.de  Wed Jul  5 05:48:38 2006
From: M.Waack at gmx.de (Mathias Waack)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 09:48:38 GMT
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
References: <rdrqg.686$RG3.13381@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
Message-ID: <WVLqg.689$RG3.13375@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>

Continuing my monologe;)

Mathias Waack wrote:
> I've embedded python into a legacy application. It works - most of the
> time. In some special situations the app crashes executing the "import
> random". There are two different situations:
> 
> 1. the sources compiled with gcc 4.1.2 crash with illegal instruction
> error:
> 
> (running my application)
> 
> Python 2.3.5 (#1, Jun  9 2006, 11:49:02)
> [GCC 4.1.2 20060604 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-2)] on linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> dlopen("/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/readline.so", 2);
> import readline # dynamically loaded
> from /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/readline.so
>>>> import random
> import random # from /usr/lib/python2.3/random.py
> # can't create /usr/lib/python2.3/random.pyc
> dlopen("/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so", 2);
> import math # dynamically loaded from
> /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so Illegal instruction
> 
> Running python itself works.

The error occurred in calls to math.log(). I've patched mathmodule.c and
call log1p(x-1) instead of log. It works as a first workaround. 

BTW, does anybody know why the c-lib offers both log and log1p? 

Mathias


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 18:03:24 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:03:24 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154119933.312433.264210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca76d0$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
	<1154119933.312433.264210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154124204.531371.147140@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

i highly doubt it.
http://www.google.com/search?domains=www.python.org&sitesearch=www.python.org&sourceid=google-search&q=os+system+deprecate&submit=search


diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> Is os.system() going to be deprecated in future ?.....I read somewhere.
>
> Dennis Benzinger wrote:
> > diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > > My server.py looks like this
> > >
> > > ---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
> > > #!/usr/bin/env python
> > > import socket
> > > import sys
> > > import os
> > >
> > > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> > > host = ''
> > > port = 2000
> > >
> > > s.bind((host,port))
> > > s.listen(1)
> > > conn, addr = s.accept()
> > > print 'client is at', addr
> > >
> > > while True:
> > > 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> > > 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> > > 		print 'MaxiSim'
> > > 		os.system('notepad')
> > > 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> > > 		print 'Driving Sim'
> > > 		os.system('explorer')
> > > 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> > > 		print 'Shutting down...'
> > > 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> > > 		conn.close()
> > > 		break
> > > -------------------------------------------CODE
> > > END-------------------------------------
> > >
> > > I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> > > Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> > > instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> > > down.
> > >
> > > When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> > > notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> > > command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
> > > Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
> > > command.
> > >
> > > Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.
> > >
> >
> >
> > os.system() blocks until the called program has finished. Use the
> > subprocess module <http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html>:
> >
> > <untested_code>
> >
> > import subprocess
> >
> > subprocess.Popen("notepad")
> > 
> > </untested_code>
> > 
> > 
> > Dennis



From hmm at woolgathering.cx  Sun Jul 30 20:16:34 2006
From: hmm at woolgathering.cx (William Witteman)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 20:16:34 -0400
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060731001634.GA11306@sillyrabbi.dyndns.org>

On Sun, Jul 30, 2006 at 04:21:34PM -0700, noahmd at gmail.com wrote:
<snip />
>offer.  I eventually moved over to Microsoft's Visual Basic.  It was
<snip />

I'm very sorry.

>Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
>like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
>with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old

A good choice.  I write Python code both at home, on a Linux box, and at
work, on Windoze.  I find it slightly easier to write Python on Linux
only because I can interact so easily with the OS from the command line
- there are more itches to scratch and Python is one of the best
backscratchers.  Python on Linux lets me automate huge swathes of my
life with ease.  That said, there is a heck of a lot I can easily do on
Windoze too.  The real selling point for me is that I can work on code
for work at home, on a completely different platform, and then take it
to work and I know it'll Just Work(TM).

As a Linux zealot, I'd say use Linux :-)  As a pragmatist, use what you
find more comfortable, and enjoy yourself.
-- 

yours,

William
woolgathering.cx


From jacksond at dickinson.edu  Fri Jul  7 14:29:45 2006
From: jacksond at dickinson.edu (David Jackson)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 14:29:45 -0400
Subject: import
References: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>
	<1152132487.440156.318740@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aea81b$0$12714$a20654c8@news.leba.net>

Indeed you are correct...that is indeed TWO underscores and everything works 
fine now.  Thanks for pointing out the obvious...I thought it was a simple 
problem.  --DJ

"faulkner" <faulkner612 at comcast.net> wrote in message 
news:1152132487.440156.318740 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> that should be __init__.py [TWO underscores].
> and you might want to import sys and check sys.path [the list of
> directories searched by the import mechanism].
>
>
> David Jackson wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> I'm a real beginner with python but have what I think is a simple 
>> question.
>> I am writing some simple modules and would like to place them into a
>> subdirectory.  But then I cannot seem to import them.  I have tried the
>> following.
>>
>> I wrote a module called fibo.py with some definitions in it (one called
>> fibo).  In the same directory, I wrote another file (test.py) and began 
>> with
>> import fibo.  This worked fine and I was able to use the function fibo as
>> fibo.fibo.  Then, I made a directory called test and placed the file 
>> fibo.py
>> in this directory.  I also placed a blank file called _init_.py into this
>> directory.  I went back to the original directory and tried to import
>> test.fibo but this fails.  I get the following error message:
>>
>> Traceback (innermost last)
>>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>>     import test.fibo
>>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>>     import test.fibo
>> ImportError: No module named fibo
>>
>> Any help would be greatly appreciated.  If it makes any difference, I'm
>> working on a Mac, OSX 10.3.9
>>
>> Thanks,
>> David
> 




From timwhite at rogers.com  Mon Jul 24 14:30:40 2006
From: timwhite at rogers.com (Tim)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:30:40 -0700
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<RzVwg.55425$VE1.47671@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>
	<1153712095.768585.7710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<qoXwg.72304$Lm5.26852@newssvr12.news.prodigy.com>
Message-ID: <1153765840.468284.323000@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

James Stroud wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > James Stroud wrote:
> >
> >>walterbyrd wrote:
> >>
> >>>This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
> >>>want to do is:
> >>>1) count identical records in a cvs file
> >>>2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
> >>>3) open the new file in ms-excel
> >>>
> >>>For example, I will start with a file like:
> >>>
> >>>1001
> >>>1012
> >>>1008
> >>>1012
> >>>1001
> >>>1001
> >>>
> >>>and finish with a file like:
> >>>
> >>>1001,3
> >>>1008,1
> >>>1012,2
> >>>
> >>>What I need to know:
> >>>1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
> >>>file. Something like:
> >>>sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
> >>>also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.
> >>

snip...

> >>>3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
> >>>for me to do this with a
> >>>multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the file, read a rec into
> >>>the array, if the next rec is the same then incr the count, otherwise
> >>>add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the array to a file?
> >>>
> >>
> >>Ah, a real question. Use a dict:
> >>
> >>if adict.has_key(some_key):
> >
> >
> > Hey, d00d, ask the department sysadmin to update your Python for you,
> > then you'll be able to use this:
> >
> >     if some_key in adict:
> >
> >
> >>   adict[some_key] += 1
> >>else:
> >>   adict[some_key] = 1
> >>
>
> Last I checked, both worked.
>
> James
>

Alternatively, the whole if can be replaced with:-

    adict[some_key] = adict.get(some_key, 0) + 1

Tim



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 16:24:14 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 21:24:14 +0100
Subject: unittest ValueError
In-Reply-To: <723eb6930607241102k788f0f21s6cee9256704f7b93@mail.gmail.com>
References: <723eb6930607241102k788f0f21s6cee9256704f7b93@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <ea3a9d$ap2$1@sea.gmane.org>

Chris Fonnesbeck wrote:
> I have built the following unit test, observing the examples laid out
> in the python docs:
> 
> class testMCMC(unittest.TestCase):
> 
>     def setUp(self):
> 
>         # Create an instance of the sampler
>         self.sampler = DisasterSampler()
> 
>     def testCoalMiningDisasters(self):
>         """Run coal mining disasters example sampler"""
> 
>         print 'Running coal mining disasters test case ...'
> 
>         # Specify the nimber of iterations to execute
>         iterations = 10000
>         thin = 2
>         burn = 5000
>         chains = 2
> 
>         # Run MCMC simulation
>         for i in range(chains):
> 
>             self.failUnless(self.sampler.sample(iterations, burn=burn,
> thin=thin, plot=True))
> 
>             # Run convergence diagnostics
>             self.sampler.convergence()
> 
>             # Plot autocorrelation
>             self.sampler.autocorrelation()
> 
>         # Goodness of fit
>         self.failIf(self.sampler.goodness(iterations/10)['overall'] < 0.05)
> 
> 
> def test():
>     # Run unit tests
>     unittest.main()
> 
> However, when I run test() from the python shell, it dies:
> 
> In [2]: test()
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Ran 0 tests in 0.000s
> 
> OK
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> exceptions.SystemExit                                Traceback (most
> recent call last)
> 
> /Users/chris/<ipython console>
> 
> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyMC/MCMC.py
> in test()
>    2986
>    2987 def test():
>    2988     # Run unit tests
> -> 2989     unittest.main()
>         global unittest.main = <class 'unittest.TestProgram'>
>    2990
> 
> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
> in __init__(self=<unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>,
> module='__main__', defaultTest=None, argv=['/usr/local/bin/ipython'],
> testRunner=None, testLoader=<unittest.TestLoader object at 0x5feb30>)
>     757         self.progName = os.path.basename(argv[0])
>     758         self.parseArgs(argv)
> --> 759         self.runTests()
>         self.runTests = <bound method TestProgram.runTests of
> <unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>>
>     760
>     761     def usageExit(self, msg=None):
> 
> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
> in runTests(self=<unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>)
>     795             self.testRunner = TextTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
>     796         result = self.testRunner.run(self.test)
> --> 797         sys.exit(not result.wasSuccessful())
>         global sys.exit = <built-in function exit>
>         result.wasSuccessful = <bound method
> _TextTestResult.wasSuccessful of <unittest._TextTestResult run=0
> errors=0 failures=0>>
>     798
>     799 main = TestProgram
> 
> SystemExit: False
> Type exit or quit to exit IPython (%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).
> 
> In [3]: from PyMC import testMCMC
> 
> In [4]: foo = testMCMC()
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> exceptions.ValueError                                Traceback (most
> recent call last)
> 
> /Users/chris/<ipython console>
> 
> /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
> in __init__(self=<PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC testMethod=runTest>,
> methodName='runTest')
>     206             self.__testMethodDoc = testMethod.__doc__
>     207         except AttributeError:
> --> 208             raise ValueError, "no such test method in %s: %s" % \
>         global ValueError = undefined
>         self.__class__ = <class 'PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC'>
>         methodName = 'runTest'
>     209                   (self.__class__, methodName)
>     210
> 
> ValueError: no such test method in <class 'PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC'>: runTest
> 
> 
> I have no idea why this is happening. My TestCase class begins with
> "test", the method begins with "test", yet no tests are seen. Also, I
> do not get the runTest ValueError. I assumed that you get this method
> for free win TestCase. The examples certainly do not have this method,
> so I am not sure what the problem is.
> 
> Thanks for any help,

Well, it would make a lot more sense to set the test up to be run as a 
main program with

if __name__ == "__main__":
     test()

at the end, then run it. When I did so with your code (after adding an 
import of the unittest module) I got

C:\Steve\Projects\Python>test47.py
E
======================================================================
ERROR: Run coal mining disasters example sampler
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:\Steve\Projects\Python\test47.py", line 9, in setUp
     self.sampler = DisasterSampler()
NameError: global name 'DisasterSampler' is not defined

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.000s

FAILED (errors=1)

This just shows me that more code is missing. Hope this helps.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 25 16:48:18 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 22:48:18 +0200
Subject: xmlrpc: hostname nor servname provided ?
Message-ID: <44C68392.1020407@designaproduct.biz>

I'm running a service on a machine. The service is written in Python (of 
course) and it connects to an XMLRPC server periodically.
It recreates the ServerProxy instance each time it needs to connect to 
the RPC server.

The server is created with this code:

server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(local.SERVER_URL,allow_none=True)   # 
local.SERVER_URL is something like 'https://myserver.com:3421'


After running for a few hours, I always get this:

2006-07-25 16:33:26,431 ERROR .main Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/gandalf/AmazonOfferDownloader/AmazonOfferDownloader.py", 
line 27, in run
    logger.info("Connected to %s",server.serversignature())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request
    self.send_content(h, request_body)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in send_content
    connection.endheaders()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 798, in endheaders
    self._send_output()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 679, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 646, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1072, in connect
    sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
  File "<string>", line 1, in connect
gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')

This exception does not stop my server program and it keeps trying to 
connect to the xmlrpc server, but it raises the same exception again and 
again.
However, if I restart the program then everything works. The XML RPC 
server has a static IP address and it is never restarted/reconfigured.
I cannot find the problem. Please help me.


   Laszlo




From M.Waack at gmx.de  Tue Jul  4 06:15:51 2006
From: M.Waack at gmx.de (Mathias Waack)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 10:15:51 GMT
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
Message-ID: <rdrqg.686$RG3.13381@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>

Hi, 

I've embedded python into a legacy application. It works - most of the time.
In some special situations the app crashes executing the "import random".
There are two different situations: 

1. the sources compiled with gcc 4.1.2 crash with illegal instruction error: 

(running my application)

Python 2.3.5 (#1, Jun  9 2006, 11:49:02)
[GCC 4.1.2 20060604 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-2)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
dlopen("/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/readline.so", 2);
import readline # dynamically loaded
from /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/readline.so
>>> import random
import random # from /usr/lib/python2.3/random.py
# can't create /usr/lib/python2.3/random.pyc
dlopen("/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so", 2);
import math # dynamically loaded from /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so
Illegal instruction

Running python itself works. 

2. the sources compiled with 4.0.3 give me an undefined symbol error: 

>>> import random
# /usr/lib/python2.3/random.pyc matches /usr/lib/python2.3/random.py
import random # precompiled from /usr/lib/python2.3/random.pyc
dlopen("/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so", 2);
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "/usr/lib/python2.3/random.py", line 42, in ?
    from math import log as _log, exp as _exp, pi as _pi, e as _e
ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/math.so: undefined symbol:
PyFPE_jbuf
>>>            

It gives the same traceback in both python itself and the embedded version. 

My main problem is the first error. I've found some older postings
describing this behaviour and pointing at a compiler error
(http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2003-May/035386.html). But I'm
not able to verify this error with gcc 4.1.2. 

Google finds some postings describing the same error - but it looks like
nobody ever got an answer:( Would be nice to have more success...

Regards
        Mathias



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul  4 05:37:01 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (Rony Steelandt)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 11:37:01 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44aa35db$0$862$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>


"Sybren Stuvel" <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> a ?crit dans le 
message de news: slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE at schuimige.stuvel.eu...
> Rony Steelandt enlightened us with:
>> I wonder if somebody had a Sudoko solver written in Python ?
>
> Check out http://www.stuvel.eu/sodoku - it is a Sudoku game with the
> ability to solve & create new puzzles.
>
> Sybren
> -- 
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                             Frank Zappa

it looks like both zip files are corrupted (for windows platform)?
I managed to install from source so not a big problem, but it would be nice 
to have the puzzle pack

Rony




From thorley at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 11:55:27 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 08:55:27 -0700
Subject: fastcgi: how to accept HTTP requests, and return a result
Message-ID: <1152201327.824187.310260@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Greetings, I'm now merrily on my way developing a FastCGI Server in
python.
Thanks to help of others on this list I've got a proof of concept up
and
running.

Herein lies my question: My goal is to make this module as flexible as
possible,
so that it can receive requests from SimpleHTTP, or Cherrpy, or Webpy,
or any
other py web server.

What is the best way to accept HTTP requests and return the result?
Should I
subclass SimpleHTTPRequestHandler (as CGIHTTPRequestHandler does) or is
there
another/better way?

I dug around the net and the python source and didn't see much (next to
nothing) on
implementing your own request handlers, so I'm interested to hear what
ya'll have to 
say.

Thanks
--
matthew



From norman at khine.net  Mon Jul 31 11:04:27 2006
From: norman at khine.net (Norman Khine)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:04:27 +0200
Subject: poll() on OSX 10.3.9
Message-ID: <44CE1BFB.9040400@khine.net>

Hello,
I need to use the 'select' module in python, but get an error on the:

Python 2.5b2 (r25b2:50512, Jul 31 2006, 15:01:51)
[GCC 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1640)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import select
>>> dir(select)
['__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'error', 'select']
>>>


this works fine on BSD4

Python 2.5b2 (r25b2:50512, Jul 31 2006, 12:43:17)
[GCC 2.95.4 20020320 [FreeBSD]] on freebsd4
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import itools
>>> from select import POLLIN
>>> import select
>>> dir(select)
['POLLERR', 'POLLHUP', 'POLLIN', 'POLLNVAL', 'POLLOUT', 'POLLPRI',
'POLLRDBAND', 'POLLRDNORM', 'POLLWRBAND', 'POLLWRNORM', '__doc__',
'__file__', '__name__', 'error', 'poll', 'select']

is there anything specific to do to the python installation before
compiling.

i am using the itools library from http://www.ikaaro.org/itools which
uses this python module

thanks

--
Norman Khine



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 10:44:06 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 07:44:06 -0700
Subject: SocketServer and timers
In-Reply-To: <1154071808.940150.284160@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1154071808.940150.284160@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154097846.141202.219000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> alf wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a
> > main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's
> > say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are:
> > 	-how to stop serve_forever
> > 	-how to implement timers
> >
> > thx, alf
>
> Do you really need a timer, or do you just want to check something
> every second or so?
>
> If the latter, then something like this would do it:
>
> from time import time
>
> INTERVAL = 1.0
>
> RUN = True
>
> while RUN:
>
>     # Get a time in the future.
>     T = time() + INTERVAL
>
>     # Serve requests until then.
>     while time() < T:
>         server.handle_request()
>     # Check whatever.
>     if check():
>         # Do something, for example, stop running.
>         RUN = False

That alone does not work. If server.handle_request() blocks,
you don't get to the check(). You need some kind of timeout
in handle_request().


-- 
--Bryan



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 08:13:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:13:52 +0200
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
In-Reply-To: <e9qg2g$uln$02$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>
	<e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>
	<1153476279.521050.124990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qg2g$uln$02$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <44c0c500$0$23588$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Peter Otten wrote:
> Ant wrote:
> 
> 
>>># python 2.5
>>>
>>>>>>a, b = "", 0
>>>>>>a if False else b
>>>
>>>0
>>>
>>>>>>a if True else b
>>>
>>>''
>>>
>>>Time to tear out that page. Really.
>>
>>Not quite - 2.5 hasn't been released in its final version yet, and many
>>projects I should imagine will take a while to upgrade.
> 
> 
> Ok, use
> 
> if cond:
>    value = ... # expression that must not be evaluated unless it absolutely 
>                # has to be
> else:
>    value = ... # same thing
> 
> which will withstand the test of time. 

But isn't allowed in a lambda !-)



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 16:04:22 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:04:22 GMT
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
References: <mailman.7978.1152543319.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <87ejwtgrax.fsf@reportlab.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> writes:

> hi john...
[...]

I'll be answering all these posts of bruce's on
wwwsearch-general at lists.sourceforge.net -- I don't think c.l.py is the
right place.


John


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 22:01:23 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:01:23 -0500
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <44bd5e11$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8308.1153251275.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bd5e11$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <17597.37491.62471.38468@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    John> This is recursive. Unlikely of course, but if the file contained a
    John> large number of empty lines, might this not cause the recursion
    John> limit to be exceeded?

Sure, but I was lazy. ;-)

Skip


From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 00:09:30 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 21:09:30 -0700
Subject: Using super()
In-Reply-To: <1153337380.850190.276550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153337380.850190.276550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153368569.992720.208230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Carl Banks ha scritto:

> Pupeno wrote:
> > I see, thank you.
> >
> > class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
> >     def add_section(self, section)
> >          super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
> >
> > seems to work and as expected. Is there anything wrong with it ?
>
> Wow.
>
> I highly recommend not doing this, unless the new type system was
> designed to allow this sort of mixing, which I highly doubt.  There are
> some significant under-the-cover differences between old- and new-style
> classes that could mess everything up when trying to mix them.
>

I believe the new style system was designed to allows this sort of
mixing and
that there are no issues at all. A child of new style + old style is
simply a new
style class. If you do

class NewStyle(OldStyle, object):
   pass

you will see that

type(NewStyle) == type

There should be something more on
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro

(I have seen somewhere how type.__new__ works, and how the metaclass
is chosen, so I am pretty sure sure there are no issue, at least for
pure Python
classes).

                       Michele Simionato



From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 07:53:08 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:53:08 -0700
Subject: class instance scope
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8446.1153740618.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8446.1153740618.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153741988.087580.62020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> > log = foo.log(x, y, z)
> >

Resulting line is:
log = foo.log(x, y, z)
global log

Making the instance "log" global makes it accessible to all the
functions.

Now I have only one question, Is this a correct way to do it ? Or are
there better way ?

Ritesh



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sun Jul  9 18:15:35 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 18:15:35 -0400
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <e8rv68$8bk$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Gregory Guthrie" <guthrie at mum.edu> wrote in message 
news:1152465029_31209 at sp6iad.superfeed.net...
>   - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says 
> len(w).

Consider
>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
[3, 3, 2, 1]

Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).

>  - Why doesn't sort() return a value?

Because it is an in-place mutation method and Guido decided that such 
methods should return None rather that the mutated object to lessen bugs. 
It is a tradeoff that has been debated ever since ;-)

>   For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
>        dict[key] += [word]

This expands to dict[key] = dict[key] + [word].  When the latter is valid 
(when dict[key] exists and is a list), then the former works fine also.

>>> k='a'
>>> d = {k:[]}
>>> d[k]+=['b']
>>> d
{'a': ['b']}

I presume the new-in-2.5 default dicts will do the same, and also work when 
the key does not exist and the default is a list.

Terry Jan Reedy





From cooldown at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:33:14 2006
From: cooldown at gmail.com (c00i90wn)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:33:14 -0700
Subject: XML parsing and writing
Message-ID: <1154111594.276996.161800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hey, I'm having a problem with the xml.dom.minidom package, I want to
generate a simple xml for storing configuration variables, for that
purpose I've written the following code, but before pasting it I'll
tell you what my problem is. On first write of the xml everything goes
as it should but on subsequent writes it starts to add more and more
unneeded newlines to it making it hard to read and ugly. Here is the
code that you can test by yourself:

from xml.dom import minidom
import os

class config(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.xml = os.path.abspath("conf\config.xml")
    if not os.path.isfile(self.xml):
      self.doc = minidom.Document()
      self.__createFile()
    else:
      self.doc = minidom.parse(self.xml)
      self.conf = self.doc.getElementsByTagName("conf")[0]

  def __createFile(self):
    self.conf = self.doc.createElement("conf")
    self.doc.appendChild(self.conf)
    self.write()

  def createNode(self, element, data=False):
    if len(self.conf.getElementsByTagName(str(element))) == 0:
      newNode = self.doc.createElement(str(element))
      self.conf.appendChild(newNode)
    if data: self.nodeData(element, data)

  def nodeData(self, node, data=False):
    try:
      node = self.conf.getElementsByTagName(node)[0]
    except IndexError:
      return
    if data:
      if node.hasChildNodes():
        node.firstChild.replaceWholeText(str(data))
      else:
        data = self.doc.createTextNode(str(data))
        node.appendChild(data)
    else:
      return node.firstChild.data

  def write(self):
    print self.conf.toprettyxml()
    self.doc.writexml(open(self.xml, "w"), addindent = "  ", newl =
"\n", encoding = "utf-8")

if __name__ == "__main__":
  conf = config()
  conf.createNode("path")
  conf.nodeData("path", "somepath")
  print conf.nodeData("path")
  conf.createNode("blah", "foo")
  print conf.nodeData("blah")
  conf.write()



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sat Jul  8 10:22:24 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 19:52:24 +0530
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>	<mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44AFBFA0.7030603@tachyontech.net>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>>> Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
>>> structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
>>> (or even 'get'-access).
>> but wont the GIL be locked when the rehash occurs?
> 
> If there is a GIL then maybe yes.  But the GIL is an implementation
> detail.  It's not in Jython nor IronPython and maybe not forever in
> CPython.  Don't know about PyPy.

Just wondering.. Is this simply a case of defensive programming or is it
an error? (say, we're targeting only CPython).
For instance, what happens when there's dictionary key with a custom
__hash__ or __eq__ method?

Its probably wise to simply use a lock and relieve ourselves of the
burden of thinking about these cases. But it still is worth knowing...

Regards
Sreeram

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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul  6 07:04:54 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 13:04:54 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

manstey wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I have a text file called a.txt:
> 
> # comments
> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> I read it using this:
> 
> filAnsMorph = codecs.open('a.txt', 'r', 'utf-8') # Initialise input
> file
> dicAnsMorph = {}
> for line in filAnsMorph:
>     if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
>         x = eval(line)
>         dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is
> value
> 
> But it crashes every time on x = eval(line). Why is this? If I change
> a.txt to:
> 
> # comments
> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> it works fine. Why doesn't it work with multiple lines? it's driving me
> crazy!

try with:
  x = eval(line.strip('\n'))


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From MrJean1 at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 13:14:43 2006
From: MrJean1 at gmail.com (MrJean1)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 10:14:43 -0700
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
In-Reply-To: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
References: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <1152378882.958222.281730@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Try function architecture() from the platform module in Python 2.3 and
2.4.  The first item of the returned tuple shows whether the underlying
system is 64-bit capable.

Here is what it returns on RedHat Fedora Core 2 Linux on Opteron:

>>> platform.architecture()
('64bit', 'ELF')
>>> platform.uname()
('Linux', 'XXXX', '2.6.16.14', '#1 SMP Sat Jul 1 14:09:18 CDT 2006',
'x86_64', 'x86_64')


On RedHat Fedora Core 2 on Pentium 4:

>>> platform.architecture()
('32bit', 'ELF')
>>> platform.uname()
('Linux', 'XXXX', '2.6.10-1771-FC2', '#1 Mon Mar 28 00:50:14 EST 2005',
'i686', 'i686')


And on MacOS X 10.3.9 G4:

>>> platform.architecture()
('32bit', '')
>>> platform.uname()
('Darwin', 'XXXX', '7.9.0', 'Darwin Kernel Version 7.9.0: Wed Mar 30
20:11:17 PST 2005; root:xnu/xnu-517.12.7.obj~1/RELEASE_PPC ', 'Power
Macintosh', 'powerpc')


/Jean Brouwers



dwelch91 wrote:
> I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the
> Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to
> include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.
>
> The 2 ways I have thought detecting 64bit are:
>
> 1. struct.calcsize("P") == 8
> 2. '64' in os.uname()[4]
>
> I'm not convinced that either one of these is really adequate. Does
> anybody have any other ideas on how to do this?
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Don



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 04:15:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:15:10 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <FeHsg.35559$zy5.710848@twister1.libero.it>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b273b8$0$14337$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<FeHsg.35559$zy5.710848@twister1.libero.it>
Message-ID: <44b35e0f$0$31664$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

ZeD wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
>>>attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
>>>had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
>>>an unreliable and tedious search and replace
>>
>>find and grep are usually mostly reliable for this kind of tasks.
> 
> 
> you mean sed :)

No, I meant find and grep.

> sed 's/oldName/newName/g' oldFile > newFile
> 
Yeah, fine - as long as your pretty sure the same name is not used in
other contexts in any of the source files...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From anthonybaxter at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 11:42:20 2006
From: anthonybaxter at gmail.com (Anthony Baxter)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 01:42:20 +1000
Subject: Python in a nutshell - new edition ?
In-Reply-To: <1hhoqjk.z9msqs1opi16zN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <44A2C52A.6040807@skynet.be>
	<1hhnpen.1bkiv8l1d0r6puN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1151551938.499099.162520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1hhnvof.1apknoe1v7zz8aN%aleax@mac.com>
	<T0Rog.2381$No6.49306@news.tufts.edu>
	<1hhoqjk.z9msqs1opi16zN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <e69d3ed20607110842s3085a541u5ac632c5b654b05d@mail.gmail.com>

>
> End of July is our aggressive but still-achievable target: everything
> was scheduled from the start to hit OSCON '06 (and the release of Python
> 2.5 -- whether 2.5 final will be out at OSCON is still uncertain,
> though).



Currently the schedule has Python 2.5 final due August 8th, and RC1 August
1st. That means that we'll be out just after OSCON.
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From gslindstrom at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 09:16:37 2006
From: gslindstrom at gmail.com (gslindstrom at gmail.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 06:16:37 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<slrnecjiav.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1154178997.553946.18490@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Vincent Delporte enlightened us with:
> > I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business
> > web appplication.
>
> Why just the prototype?
>

I don't know about Vincent, but I once worked in a "C++" shop where all
other languages were actively discouraged.  I would build my prototypes
in Python to show proof of concept because I could do it quickly.  It
was also nice to show project managers so they could verify it was what
they wanted us to build before we dedicated a full time effort to
development.

I recall once prototype I created in wxWindows; when I showed it to my
boss he exclaimed "That's Python!?".  He was amazed because it looked
just like the windows apps we developed!

Having moved on to another company where we develop in Python
full-time, I hear my former shop now has many Python (and Perl and
Java) programmers.



From wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 21:09:42 2006
From: wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com (Wesley Henwood)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 18:09:42 -0700
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
Message-ID: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

To capture output from python scripts run from a C++ app I've added the
following code at the beggening of the C++ app:

PyRun_SimpleString("import grabber");
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
PyRun_SimpleString("class a:\n\tdef
write(self,s):\n\t\tograbber.grab(s)\n");
PyRun_SimpleString("import sys\nsys.stderr=a()\nsys.stdout=a()");

Its hard to read that way, here's what it expands to:
import grabber
import sys
class a:
    def write(self, s)
        grabber.grab(s)

grabber is a C++ extension, the grab function prints displays the
captured text in a Windows app.  After running about 450+ scripts in a
row, I get "IOError Errno 24 Too many open files."

I've searched this group and the net and determined that stderr and
stdout may open files, is that correct?  If so would each running of a
script be opening new files related to stderr and stdout and not
closing them?  I'm just guessing.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 27 15:48:22 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 19:48:22 GMT
Subject: Python Path
In-Reply-To: <1154028263.680155.20970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154028263.680155.20970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <aM8yg.2591$No6.51229@news.tufts.edu>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:

> I want to get rid of ActivePython which I happend to install because I
> was trying to Test the IDE by ActiveState and I think this version of
> Python was installed by it.
> 
> I am happy using Python 2.4.3 but there is not way I am being able to
> use it on console. 

I'm not exactly sure how to change the version you are using (I'm not 
yet a Linux user!), but I do know that it is highly recommend that you 
leave any pre-existing versions of Python on your system, because your 
OS or other apps might rely on it. If you are sure ActivePython 
installed it, then it's okay to uninstall. It's probably still safe to 
uninstall ActivePython, because it won't remove anything it didn't put 
on your system in the first place. Just don't uninstall the other 
version of Python by itself, because it might have come with Ubuntu 
already and the system might need it.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 15:18:39 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 21:18:39 +0200
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8h3af$tdn$1@sea.gmane.org>

jbrewer wrote:

> Sorry for such a simple question, but how would I do this?  XML-RPC
> runs on top of HTTP, so can I do a POST without running a separate HTTP
> server?

the XML-RPC protocol uses HTTP POST, so if you can handle XML-RPC, you 
should be able to handle any POST request.  what server are you using ?

</F>



From ask at me  Thu Jul 13 19:20:42 2006
From: ask at me (alf)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:20:42 -0400
Subject: attaching debugger to runinng python program
Message-ID: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>

Hi,

I have a two fold question:
	-how to attach the debugger to running multi threaded program
	-the objective is to find an infinite loop in one of threads which 
makes the whole thingy going craze (100%CPU)

The program itself is not easy, in fact quite hude and sometimes it 
takes hours to get to that infloop state.

Any insight?

Andy


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 04:49:42 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:49:42 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
(snip)
> Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.

Yes it does.

> 
>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> 
> Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. 

Then you provide a public API on top of the private one.

class MyClass(object):
  def __init__(self, ...):
     self._attr = XXX

  # seems like we really have enough use
  # cases to justify exposing _imp_attr
  @apply
  def attr():
    def fget(self):
      return self._attr
    def fset(self):
      self._attr = attr
    return property(**locals())


  def _method(self, ...):
    # code here

  # seems like we really have enough use
  # cases to justify exposing _imp_method
  method = _impmethod

Note that none of this actually breaks encapsulation.

> How
> does that solve my naming issues.

How could this solve *your* naming issue ? This is totally unrelated.
You choose a bad name for a *public* symbol.

>>And in python the reverse can be true :
> 
> The reverse is hardly ever true. 

So what are computed attributes ?

> 90% of public APIs in almost all
> languages are methods or functions.

"allmost all languages" lacks computed attributes.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From draghuram at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 16:37:59 2006
From: draghuram at gmail.com (draghuram at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:37:59 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
In-Reply-To: <1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


In that case, the OP can probably use cygwin's version of python.
pexpect definitely works there.

Mike Kent wrote:
> draghuram at gmail.com wrote:
> > You may want to look at pexpect:
> >
> > http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
> >
> > But I am not sure about its support on windows.
>
> To the best of my recent investigation, and an email exchange with the
> author of pexpect, it is NOT supported under Windows.



From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Tue Jul 18 01:28:15 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 07:28:15 +0200
Subject: New SourceForge project:  Diet Python!!!
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bd382a$0$895$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!

Interesting (or fun?).
Have you a Internet page, or only README?

@+

MCI





From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Fri Jul  7 13:53:27 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 10:53:27 -0700
Subject: IRC questions!!
Message-ID: <001701c6a1ee$41db0940$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i'm trying to figure out what i have to do to setup mIRC to get the #python
channel on IRC!!

any pointers. the mIRC docs didn't get me very far.

is there an irc.freenode.net that i need to connect to? how do i do it?

thanks..

-bruce



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Sun Jul  2 02:25:29 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 08:25:29 +0200
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7700.1151815090.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7700.1151815090.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a766d9$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

bruce wrote:
> in playing around with the test python app (see below) i've got a couple of
> basic questions. i can't seem to find the answers via google, and when i've
> looked in the libxml2dom stuff that i downloaded i didn't see answers
> either...
> 
> for the list in the "for label in d.xpath" how can i find out the size of
> the list???? a simple/basic question, but it's driving me up a wall!!!
> 
> also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
> object?

Obvious question: Why don't you use lxml? It's pretty well documented.

http://codespeak.net/lxml

For the rest of the questions: please read the Python tutorial on python.org.
It's very helpful for beginners.

Stefan


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 19:09:16 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 18:09:16 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <R0bzg.1575$W93.779@dukeread05>

Philippe Martin wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> 
> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
> system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.
> 
> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> l2 = func (l1)
> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> 
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Philippe

Thanks to all,

I decided to attack the problem another way and change the code in device #2
so it can now take the output from device #1.

As device #2 only needs to compare, add, and subtract the stuff .. it makes
my life much simpler.

Sample (potentially buggy):


l1 = [1,2,3,4]
l2 = [0,2,3,9]


def sup (l1, l2): #assume same length
    for i in range(len(l1) ):
        if l1[i] > l2[i]:
            return 1
        if l1[i] < l2[i]:
            return -1
        return 0



def add (l1, l2): #assume same length
    r = []
    idx =  range (len(l1))
    idx.reverse()
    carry = 0
    for i in idx:
        
        if l1[i] + l2[i] > 10:
            carry = 1
            r.insert(0,(l1[i] + l2[i]) % 10)
        else:
            r.insert(0,l1[i] + l2[i] + carry)
            carry = 0
    return r





print sup(l1,l2)
print add (l1,l2)



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Tue Jul 11 11:36:43 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:36:43 +0200
Subject: threading troubles
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<m2irm4mxtu.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<44b35ffc_2@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <m2odvwkvas.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> sreekant <skodela at lithium.com> (S) wrote:

>S> I decided in the end to use fork and all is well.

But how are you doing the callback then? From your code it looks like the
callback is called after the external command finishes. The callback would
then be called in the child process, not in the parent process, I think. Or
do you have a solution for that?
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 17 10:08:54 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:08:54 +0000
Subject: solving equation system
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m8iso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153141039.216694.51240 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
TG <girodt at gmail.com> wrote:
>Hi there.
>
>Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
>* A is an array of shape (n,)
>* X is a positive float number
>* B is an array of shape (n,)
>* O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
>
>A.X - B = O
>min(X)
>
>thanks.
>

In general, no X solves the equality, so it's easy to minimize X.

If A is a non-zero positive multiple of B, exactly one X solves
the equality, so it's again easy to minimize.

If A and B vanish, choose X as the smallest positive float.

I suspect you intended a slightly different problem.  It's hard 
to guess what it is.


From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Fri Jul 28 04:28:13 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:28:13 -0700
Subject: Py2exe for packaging installers?
In-Reply-To: <eacgsq$btg$1@sun-cc204.lut.ac.uk>
References: <eacgsq$btg$1@sun-cc204.lut.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <1154075293.434926.4830@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


K.S.Wong wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I am trying to find out what tools (platform-independent if possible) that I
> can use to package a goup (few) of installers to become an exe application.
> I have heard of Py2exe but have not use it before.  Could it be used to wrap
> different installers (for example Python and Leo, python-based application)
> together? Does the installers have to be python-based to be able to use
> Py2exe? Are there any other alternatives?
>
> Many thanks in advance for your advice
>
> regards
> Casey Wong

Hi Casey Wong,

If you download py2exe, you'll find a number of examples of how to use
py2exe to create installers using InnoSetup.
On the wiki, you'll also find examples of how to do this -- even with
pygtk applications.

However, it's not platform independant -- it'll be for windows only.

Cheers,

--Tim



From stephen at dino.dnsalias.com  Sat Jul  1 12:46:25 2006
From: stephen at dino.dnsalias.com (Stephen J. Bevan)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:46:25 GMT
Subject: What is Expressiveness in a Computer Language
References: <1149829487.457604.17510@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net> <7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk>
	<MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net>
	<1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net>
	<1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net>
	<4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<0%Wlg.3521$MF6.947@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<44992e6c$0$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<hNdmg.19752$uy3.9114@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e7bqgp$8v164$6@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<c6fmg.15242$Z67.7053@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e7bvbv$8v164$8@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<dzfmg.3585$MF6.270@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <87bqs95l49.fsf@dnsalias.com>

Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> writes:
> Andreas Rossberg wrote:
>> AFAICT, ADT describes a type whose values can only be accessed by a
>> certain fixed set of operations.
>
> No. AFAIU, an ADT defines the type based on the operations. The stack
> holding the integers 1 and 2 is the value (push(2, push(1,
> empty()))). There's no "internal" representation. The values and
> operations are defined by preconditions and postconditions.

As a user of the ADT you get a specification consisting of a signature
(names the operations and defines their arity and type of each
argument) and axioms which define the behaviour of the operations.

The implementer has the task for producing an implementation (or
"model" to use alebraic specifiction terminology) that satisfies the
specification.  One model that comes for free is the term model where
the operations are treated as terms and the representation of a stack
containing 2 and 1 would just be "(push(2, push(1, empty())))".
However, while that model comes for free it isn't necessarily the most
efficient model.  Thus the non-free aspect of chosing a different
implementation is that technically it requires an accompanying proof
that the implementation satisfies the specification.


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 12:01:15 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:01:15 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.44.44.391832@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <07dd01c69f83$15f04d80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

update...

the error i'm getting...

>>>UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in
position 62: ordinal not in range(128)

is there a way i can tell/see what the exact char is at pos(62). i was
assuming that it's the hex \xa0.

i've done the s.replace('\xa0','') with no luck.

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Steven D'Aprano
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 8:45 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: ascii character - removing chars from string


On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:09:53 -0700, bruce wrote:

> simon...
>
> the issue that i'm seeing is not a result of simply using the
> 'string.replace' function. it appears that there's something else going on
> in the text....
>
> although i can see the nbsp in the file, the file is manipulated by a
number
> of other functions prior to me writing the information out to a file.
> somewhere the 'nbsp' is changed, so there's something else going on...
>
> however, the error i get indicates that the char 'u\xa0' is what's causing
> the issue..

As you have written it, that's not a character, it is a string of length
two. Did you perhaps mean the Unicode character u'\xa0'?

>>> len('u\xa0')
2
>>> len(u'\xa0')
1


> as far as i can determine, the string.replace can't/doesn't
> handle non-ascii chars. i'm still looking for a way to search/replace
> non-ascii chars...

Seems to work for me:

>>> c = u'\xa0'
>>> s = "hello " + c + " world"
>>> s
u'hello \xa0 world'
>>> s.replace(c, "?")
u'hello ? world'



--
Steven.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 06:35:41 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 16:05:41 +0530
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607310335i7329b279k13fbb9f772abfcc1@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/31/06, David Zaret <dave at zaret.com> wrote:
> i have a dict with a particular key - the values for this key will be
> None, one valid scalar, or a list:
>
>         {mykey, None}
>         {mykey, "foo"}
>         {mykey, ["bar", "baz"]}
>
> let's ignore the None case - in the case of the one or many values, i
> want to suck the values into a list.  here's one way to do this:
>
>              if mydict.has_key(mykey):
>                  vals=[]
>                  _v = mydict[mykey]
>                  if isinstance(_v, types.ListType):
>                      vals.extend(_v)
>                  else:
>                      vals.append(_v)
>                  #   now we can safely iterate through acts
>                 for val in vals:
>                         .....

how about:

vals = []
for val in mydict.values():
   try: vals.extend(val)
   except: vals.append(val)

cheers,
amit.



-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Thu Jul 20 17:02:19 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 14:02:19 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <44bf9c0a$0$13534$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf9c0a$0$13534$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153429339.476830.208630@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> (snip)
>
> > Python's lambda really can't be as powerful as Lisp's because Python
> > does not have expressions that do case analysis (this is not lambda's
> > fault, of course ;). The reason is that you really want to put each
> > case on its own set of lines. This enhances readability at the expense
> > of terseness. Since Python's statements are terminated by a newline, it
> > would be rather awkward to have a kind of expression where good style
> > calls for it to be spread out accross multiple lines.
> >
> > You can try to simulate these kinds expressions using into a list or
> > dictionary, but this becomes rather messy. I think the only way to get
> > this done properly is to use eval. For example:
> >
> > def recursiveFunction(args):
> >   ...  # do stuff...
> >   choices = { True:"0", False:"recurisveFunction(newArgs)" }
> >   return eval( choices[predicate] )
>
> Why do you want to use eval here ?
>
> > The reason that you need eval is that you want to prevent any cases
> > from being executed until you decide which one you want.
>
> What about:
>
> def recursiveFunction(args):
>     ... # do stuff...
>     ... # that defines 'newArgs' and 'predicate' of course ...
>     return (recursiveFunction, lambda x: 0)[predicate](newArgs)

Sure, that works, but don't take things so literally. For instance, if
you have a bunch of cases, you might not way to apply the same set of
arguments to all of them.

Also, let's not get distracted from the main point about how doing case
analysis in an expression is ugly, making lambda's weaker in Python
than in the language which inspired them.

>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 01:52:17 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 22:52:17 -0700
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
Message-ID: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
#------------------test1.xml
<Directory>
  <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
w&amp;y </dirname>
  <file>
  <name>def.txt</name>
  <time>200607130417</time>
  </file>
</Directory>
 <Directory>
  <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
wx</dirname>
  <file>
  <name>abc.txt</name>
  <time>200607130415</time>
  </file>
</Directory

now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
name.
###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
               def __init__(self):
  			self.dn = 0
                def startElement(self, name, attrs):
			if name=='dirname':
				self.dn=1

		def characters(self,str):
			if self.dn:
                               print str

                def endElement(self, name):
			if name == 'dirname':
                         	self.dn=0


#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#main code--- fname----art.py
import sys
from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
from handlers import	oldHandler

ch = oldHandler()
saxparser = make_parser()

saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml

i am getting output as:

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
&
y
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx

where as i need an output which should look like this.
C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx

Can someone tell me the solution for this.



From timr at probo.com  Sat Jul  1 21:17:09 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 01:17:09 GMT
Subject: Non-ASCII languages
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<44a6bacf$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1f7ea2h8b95lds3i6hb26lqccq9d5vnl0j@4ax.com>

Scott David Daniels <scott.daniels at acm.org> wrote:
>
>SAIL (Stanford AI Lab) had the first laser printer
>to play with (people wrote incredibly ugly documents with tons of fonts
>in them because it was the first they could spec it). 

"Ransom note syndrome."  Virtually everyone falls prey to this the first
few times they discover desktop publishing.

>All of this was in the mid seventies or earlier.

Right.  It surprises many people to learn that virtually everything we
think of as modern and interesting in computer science was first explored
in the 1960s and early 1970s.  GUIs, color, 3D, structured progamming,
networking, interpreters, Unix; the list goes on and on.  It was probably
the most exciting time in the history of computers.
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 05:11:22 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 11:11:22 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke wrote:
> 
>> I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>> non-computer language):
>> 
>> 1. While list, pop.
>> 
>> 2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>> 
>> Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>> damned.
>> :)
> 
> One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
> type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary values
> can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit comparison
> if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.

You can do that, but it's not considered Pythonic. And it might be ineffective.

Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
this?

Georg


From shane at hathawaymix.org  Mon Jul  3 13:25:57 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 11:25:57 -0600
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44A95325.5040101@hathawaymix.org>

Alex Biddle wrote:
> Ah, so separate downloads then. At least now I know.
> 
> Ergh... I checked the version of Python my current host is running and its 2.2.
> 
> ...ergh....

This is why you really want a VPS (virtual private server).  The cost is
similar to a web host but you get to choose your own technologies and
versions.  Several companies come to mind:

http://westhost.com/
http://jvds.com/
http://linode.com/

I'm using Westhost, which provides Python 2.2 if you ask for it, but I
compiled Python 2.4 instead.  I didn't even have to ask whether I was
allowed to do that. :-)

Shane




From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  2 12:31:39 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 09:31:39 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
References: <1151830721.864811.27530@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhucd9.1faqtbqop7n8uN%aleax@mac.com>

Vlad Dogaru <ddvlad at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> I would like to learn web scripting with Python (sure, everyone uses
> PHP, but I don't like the syntax and Python is more general-purpose
> and... well, I guess you people know the advantages better than me).
> Where can I get a thorough introduction to both CGI and using Python
> for CGI? That includes installing my own web server (at home, for
> testing) and starting from scratch (by that I mean I have near null
> experience with CGI).
> 
> I have tried looking through the source code of MoinMoin, but it's just
> too advanced for me -- I simply don't know where to start. Right now,
> I'll take any and all suggestions. However, please suggest books or
> articles that are up-to-date on Python programming; I'd hate to see
> that I'm studying obsolete texts or the like.

In terms of learning, Steve Holden's "Python Web Programming" is still
unbeatable -- it teaches you just enough of the many underlying
technologies, from HTTP to HTML to relational databases, as well as
Python.  However, it IS an old version of Python (sigh).  But it's very
easy to learn the relatively small enhancements to the Python language
since the time Steve penned his masterpiece... anything that used to
work then still works now, you have better ways to perform many tasks
(particularly thanks to additions to the standard library, and third
party extension modules matured in the meantime) but those are easy to
learn "afterwards" (and meanwhile, a solid understanding of the basics
of, say, HTTP and entity-relation design, will stand you in good stead
for years and years to come!-).  Steve's book is really the best you can
get, for "learning" purposes such as yours.  However...L

If you insist on getting coverage of the latest and greatest version of
Python, you might want to get the 2nd edition of my "Python in a
Nutshell", due out later this month; it strives to cover Python 2.5
(also due out later this month;-) as well as 2.4 (the still-now current
version, on which the new Nutshel focuses), and does have a chapter
specifically on CGI (not much changed from the first edition's, of
course, since CGI itself has not changed much over the years;-).

To have a look at my book (and just about any other O'Reilly book... and
not just O'Reilly either!) for free, subscribe to O'Reilly's "Safari"
online library -- I believe the first two weeks are free, so, as long as
you cancel in time, you should not have to pay a penny for the
privilege; thus, it may be a good idea (I personally like having access
to said library for searches etc, but that's a separate issue).  It will
be a while before the 2nd edition gets online -- but as I said the CGI
part is basically unchanged anyway.

But, talking of web resources...:

A Google search for Python CGI gives you 20 million hits, and quite a
few of those appear to be good tutorials on the subject -- why don't you
give those a try, first?  Sure, most of the pages will be using older
versions of Python -- but most of the differences should be of little
importance. One crucial one: you *DO* want to use the cgitb auxiliary
module to get good tracebacks in case of errors, and older sites may not
mention it -- however, that's pretty simple indeed...:

  import cgitb; cgitb.enable()

just place this line at the very top of your CGI script (after the
"shebang" line and the docstring, heh:-) and you're all set.  Any
further info you need for "advanced" usage of cgitb is in one tiny page
at <http://docs.python.org/lib/module-cgitb.html>.


Alex


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 03:42:20 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:42:20 GMT
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9804579107864duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

danielx wrote:

>>>> Foo.func = dan    # <-- Appearantly, something magical happens here, 
because...
>>>> Foo.func
><unbound method Foo.dan>
>>>> f = Foo.func
>>>> f is dan               # <-- things begins to look suprising here.
> False
>>>> ismethod(f)
> True
> 
> Imagine my surprise. Why would Python do this?
> 

Nothing magical happens at the point you said. The assignment is just an 
assignment and you saw that the function was stored unchanged when you 
looked in the class's dictionary.

The magic happens when you access a member of a class or an instance. If 
the value is a descriptor then its __get__ method is called. Roughly 
speaking, Foo.func is equivalent to:

>>> Foo.__dict__['func'].__get__(None, Foo)
<unbound method Foo.dan>

Python does this so that it can support other descriptor types such as 
property, classmethod, staticmethod.

You can see this happening if you define your own descriptor:

>>> class MyDesc(object):
    def __get__(self, *args):
        print "__get__ called", args
        return None

    
>>> d = MyDesc()
>>> Foo.oops = d
>>> Foo.oops
__get__ called (None, <class __main__.Foo at 0x00B3F930>)

http://docs.python.org/ref/descriptor-invocation.html has a description of 
this. Although it claims "Note that descriptors are only invoked for new 
style objects or classes (ones that subclass object() or type())." the 
descriptor mechanism is partially implemented for old style classes. 
Several aspects of descriptors don't work properly though in old-style 
classes which is one reason why you should always use new-style classes.

> Privates don't have to be entirely absent from Klass.__dict__
> (which would make Python not introspective); they can just be invisible
> when using the dot-syntax.

You could implement that using a data descriptor, but if you are going to 
prevent access to your private variables using the dot operator, then your 
code is going to look pretty silly with a lot of references to 
self.__dict__['theprivate'] which doesn't gain anything in readability over 
self.__theprivate.


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Fri Jul 14 01:14:45 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 07:14:45 +0200
Subject: TFTP client in python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8153.1152852952.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8153.1152852952.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b72846$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> Is there a TFTP client python module? I just need "get file" feature.
> I came across two implementations on WEB, but they are kind of
> unfinished (got the code from some mailing list!).

Second hit in Google ("tftp python"):

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-January/024980.html

Stefan


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sat Jul  8 12:19:32 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 21:49:32 +0530
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <1hi5esh.1o6cvb11jdtexeN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>	<mailman.7928.1152370716.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hi5esh.1o6cvb11jdtexeN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44AFDB14.5050105@tachyontech.net>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Well then, feel free to code under such assumptions (as long as you're
> not working on any project in which I have any say:-)

Hey, I would *never* write code which depends on such intricate
implementation details! Nonetheless, its good to *know* whats going on
inside. As they say.. Knowledge is Power!

Regards
Sreeram

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From karol.zemanek at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 16:00:48 2006
From: karol.zemanek at gmail.com (karzem)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 13:00:48 -0700
Subject: Python server j2me client ssl socket handshake error
Message-ID: <1154376048.409055.265610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I try to write simple midlet in java to connect with my server which
monitors processes in my PC. I've written almost everything and now
I've spend 4 days trying to set up a connection between them. Without
ssl everything works fine.
Here is my fragment of server program:

def verify_cb(conn, cert, errnum, depth, ok):
    print 'Got certificate: %s' % cert.get_subject()
    return ok

HOST =  "192.168.1.30"
PORT = 5007              # Arbitrary non-privileged port
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
ctx = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv3_METHOD)
ctx.set_verify(SSL.VERIFY_NONE, verify_cb)
ctx.use_certificate_file('server.pem')
ctx.use_privatekey_file('server.pem')
ss = SSL.Connection(ctx,s)
ss.bind((HOST, PORT))
from src.xmlFunc import validateXml

while True :
    ss.listen(1)
    conn, addr = ss.accept()
    print 'Connected by', addr
    while True :
        _data = conn.recv(1024)
        print _data
        if not _data: break
        _data = "<request><type>req_auth</type></request>"
        conn.send(_data)
    conn.close()

in my client java application:

SecureConnection socket =
(SecureConnection)Connector.open("ssl://192.168.1.30:5007",Connector.READ_WRITE);

when I run server and client program the clients stops on line above.
Server accepts the connection and when I debug next line I get an
error:
[('SSL routines', 'SSL3_READ_BYTES', 'sslv3 alert handshake failure') ,
('SSL routines', 'SSL3_READ_BYTES', 'sslv3 alert handshake failure')]

What I know is that when I use : openssl s_client -connect
192.168.1.30:5007 -ssl3
the output is:
 CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 /C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 /C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
 0 s:/C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
   i:/C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
issuer=/C=PL/ST=slaskie/L=pszczyna/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=aloha
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 985 bytes and written 329 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA
Server public key is 1024 bit
Compression: zlib compression
Expansion: zlib compression
SSL-Session:
    Protocol  : SSLv3
    Cipher    : AES256-SHA
    Session-ID:
BB7FEA77B05B6B52C7F887D7F55DD2E31022B56CA11A865BDB1D5B008CE8DB1A
Session-ID-ctx:
    Master-Key:
E40115FC6FA4AB99137AE92DFAF811F20E79563846A91410172416FE0324CF253AF82722ED41A56C4C7A9F0B3460F27B
    Key-Arg   : None
   Compression: 1 (zlib compression)
    Start Time: 1154375647
    Timeout   : 7200 (sec)
    Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
---

I've read tons of tutorials and still have nothing what gives me the
solution of this problem.
I have Python 2.4.3 (#2, Apr 27 2006, 14:43:58)
[GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] with OpenSSL 0.9.8a 11 Oct 2005

Can somebody help me... 
Best regards, Charles Zemanek



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 20:27:39 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 21:27:39 -0300
Subject: Problem Solved
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <11l3kuprbqty0.yhhxf7gr4yol$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-13 20:46:16, dylpkls91 wrote:

> Thank you all for your responses.
> 
> I have managed to figure out a solution using XML RPC which fits my
> needs perfectly.

BTW, if you want to test networking between two machines on one single
(Windows) computer, try VirtualPC. (Free from MS.)

Gerhard



From sjobless at rotten.apple.commie  Thu Jul 27 01:05:32 2006
From: sjobless at rotten.apple.commie (Steve Jobless)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 05:05:32 GMT
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
> Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
> > The first case can be just a typo, like:
> >
> >   x.valeu = 5
> >
> > I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
> > would be unreadable :).
> 
> Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
> errors can be trained.

I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
like this? (No, not really. But...)

> 
> > The second case can be like:
> >
> >   x.next = y
> >   y.next = None
> >
> > to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
> > overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
> 
> You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
> checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
> everything in life.

Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
decent Python knowledge would do that.
But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
anyone using name xxx?" The class may be used by  developers I don't
even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...

> 
> > If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
> > someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
> > horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
> > with.
> 
> Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
> writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
> People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.

I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...


Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:

What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
(and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
or over-ride functions.

SJ


From jbellis at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:23:20 2006
From: jbellis at gmail.com (Jonathan Ellis)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:23:20 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <10dwlq3pmf3s8.1byj2h5rxnc0g.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8444.1153740223.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<10dwlq3pmf3s8.1byj2h5rxnc0g.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153923800.178553.131050@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:23:12 +0100, Steve Holden wrote:
>
>
> > The impression I get is that Rails is relatively inflexible
> > on database schemas,
>
> Django has the same problem. E.g. both Django ORM and ActiveRecord cannot
> work with complex primary keys. But for Rails there is a solution for even
> very strange created databases: rBatis
> (http://jutopia.tirsen.com/articles/tag/rbatis) it is Ruby port of java
> Ibatis (http://ibatis.apache.org/)

The only commits to the rBatis svn repository happened on May 20.
Looks like it's going nowhere fast to me.

-Jonathan



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 10:01:11 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:01:11 +1000
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 05:45:27 -0700, Jim Lewis wrote:

> Pickling an instance of a class, gives "can't pickle instancemethod
> objects". What does this mean? 

It means you can't pickle instance methods.

> How do I find the class method creating the problem?

How about you post the complete stack trace of the exception? Chances are
it will contain much useful information.


-- 
Steven.



From donn at u.washington.edu  Thu Jul 20 12:31:13 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:31:13 -0700
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <donn-19261B.09311320072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:

> Anoop wrote:
> > Thanks Stefen
> > 
> > let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
> > function in the deprecated format
> > 
> > map(string.lower,list)
> > 
> To avoid the deprecated usage you would use the unbound method of the 
> str type (that's the type of all strings):
> 
>   >>> lst = ['Steve', 'Holden']
>   >>> map(str.lower, lst)
> ['steve', 'holden']

Oh, excellent - the string module is dead, long live
the string module!  I can replace string.join with
str.join, and never have to defile my code with that
' '.join(x) abomination.


   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


From grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org  Sat Jul  1 05:20:00 2006
From: grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org (Jorgen Grahn)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 09:20:00 GMT
Subject: style question
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<44a44fa9$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <slrneacfht.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>

On Thu, 29 Jun 2006 15:31:53 -0700, Scott David Daniels <scott.daniels at acm.org> wrote:
...
>> I like well-typeset code in print though. Bjarne Stroustrup uses an elegant
>> system for C++ code, ....

> See Knuth on Literate Programming and the "Web" systems (e.g. CWeb).
> His goal is to look good typeset with explanation, and extract-to-compile.

Yes, I'm aware of Knuth's work, and didn't mean to imply that Stroustrup did
something revolutionary -- although his book and Bertrand Meyer's Eiffel
book are the only ones I've read which try do something elegant with the
code typesetting.

I haven't read Knuth until now, so I assumed he typeset the actual code
parts fixed-width. I see in the CWeb manual that that's not the case.

/Jorgen

-- 
  // Jorgen Grahn <grahn@        Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu
\X/     snipabacken.dyndns.org>  R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn!


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Fri Jul  7 14:55:16 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 11:55:16 -0700
Subject: IRC questions!!
In-Reply-To: <1152295038.062468.190180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <007b01c6a1f6$e2a15b10$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

given that nothing appears to be connecting..

should i have anything in the "group" window/dialog of the server setting...

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Jon Clements
Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 10:57 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: IRC questions!!



bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm trying to figure out what i have to do to setup mIRC to get the
#python
> channel on IRC!!
>
> any pointers. the mIRC docs didn't get me very far.
>
> is there an irc.freenode.net that i need to connect to? how do i do it?
>
> thanks..
>
> -bruce

Assuming you're familiar with the basics of IRC.

In mIRC, File->Select Server->Add, enter "Freenode" as description,
enter "irc.freenode.net" as server. Leave the port as 6667, then change
it later if server supports other ports.

Click connect to server.

Cheers,

Jon.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 17 09:02:51 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:02:51 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> 
>>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>
>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
>>>changed by the object.
>>
>>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
>>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
>>completely self-contained in their behavior.
>>
> Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.

Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?

>>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
>>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
>>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
>>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
>>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
>>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
>>
> 
> 
> It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
> state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.

Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ? Given the existence of
"computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?


> 
>>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
>>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
>>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.
>>
>>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
>>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
>>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
>>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
>>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
>>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
>>difference.
>>
> 
> 
> Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.

Indeed.

> The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> be met. Or to control access to an objects states.

Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?

(snip)
> 
> State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.

The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.

> It
> is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
> it is because I thought is was common knowledge.

It is.

> And behaviors are not
> just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.

Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
  the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
implementation-dependant.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Sun Jul  2 10:47:42 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 07:47:42 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151851661.925526.94520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

try pexpect.
http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/

valpa wrote:
> I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> telnet on to them and configure them.
> It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> each server.
>
> Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> could start to type command in these xterms.
> 
> Any suggestion appreciate. Much thanks.



From richardjones at optushome.com.au  Sat Jul 22 20:28:23 2006
From: richardjones at optushome.com.au (Richard Jones)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 10:28:23 +1000
Subject: Python proficiency test
References: <4h2wg.31$NX2.28@newsreading01.news.tds.net>
Message-ID: <44c2c2a7$0$1205$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>

Kent Johnson wrote:
> I recently helped create an on-line Python proficiency test. The
> publisher of the test is looking for beta testers to try the test and
> give feedback. If you are interested, here is an announcement from the
> publisher:

Had a look. In between my browser blocking a popup on every page and the
registration asking far more details that I felt necessary, I stopped
before looking at the actual test.


    Richard



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 12:18:21 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:18:21 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
In-Reply-To: <1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152289101.673413.54240@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> I tried what you said and it looked like maybe AttributeError, but that
> didn't work either.
>
> This code snippet:
>
> import shelve
> from traceback import format_exc
>
> try:
>    db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> except:
>    print format_exc()
>
> Gave me this output:
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "test.py", line 5, in ?
>     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 231, in open
>     return DbfilenameShelf(filename, flag, protocol, writeback, binary)
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 212, in __init__
>     Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename, flag), protocol,
> writeback, binary)
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
>     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db
>
> Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
>
> Do you know what the error is?

No.  If you tried catching AttributeError and it didn't work then I'd
guess that the AttributeError is a secondary result of the initial
error.

This part of the traceback,

>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
>     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db

indicates that some sort of custom error, probably defined in the
anydbm.py module.

Catching the execption and binding it to a var,

>>> try:
...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
... except Exception, err:
...     E = err
...
Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
>>> E
<anydbm.error instance at 0xb7d8270c>



So:
>>> from anydbm import error
>>> try:
...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
... except error:
...     print 'Aha!  got it!'
...
Aha!  got it!
Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored


Well, that catches the error, but I don't know what's going on with the
additional AttributeError or what to do about it.

Peace,
~Simon



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:34:19 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:34:19 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Sybren for the reply! Regarding this point:

> The form handling is also excellent.

Is it excellent in a way that's "better" than RoR in certain ways?

Regards,
Ray

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Ray enlightened us with:
> > Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
> > Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
> > Django, they went like, "what's that?".
> >
> > I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".
>
> Bad answer. Now they think they'll get the same thing they already
> have with RoR, but that they'll have to put more effort into it.
>
> > "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
>
> Ask them why.
>
> > I think they are already predisposed to RoR simply because of RoR's
> > visibility (i.e.: at my workplace everybody knows RoR but nobody
> > knows about Django unless they've used Python as well).
>
> Which means most of the people saying "we're not interested in Python"
> do so without proper reason, since they don't know the language.
>
> > 1. The investment of learning Python will be a good investment
> > because it transfer to platforms that we've already supported, i.e.:
> > JVM and .NET CLR (using Jython and IronPython). Ruby's availability
> > on this platform is not as mature--JRuby is still at 0.9 and I don't
> > think IronRuby is coming out anytime soon :)
>
> Jython isn't up to par with current Python versions either.
>
> > 2. Python is a much more mature language than Ruby--it's been around
> > since ages ago and as such has a lot more tools, articles, and other
> > resources than Ruby. It is also the language being used by
> > high-visibility company like Google, with the creator of the
> > language himself working there.
>
> That is _definitely_ true. The behaviour of Ruby hasn't even properly
> been defined.
>
> > 4. What else? I haven't tried RoR so I can't argue meaningfully on
> > whether using Django will put us at an advantage.
>
> Check out the admin you get for free with Django. Add/edit/delete
> controls are easily done with RoR, but Django comes with a mature,
> easy to use, on-the-fly generated, customizable admin. The form
> handling is also excellent.
>
> Sybren
> --
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                              Frank Zappa



From brochu121 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:46:17 2006
From: brochu121 at gmail.com (david brochu jr)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:46:17 -0400
Subject: Python to log into web site
Message-ID: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,

I have been browsing around the net looking for a way (hopefully an easily
implemented module) to log into a web site using python. The site I wish to
log into is an internal site which requires email address and password for
authentication. Does anyone have any suggestions or links that might point
me in the right direction?
-------------- next part --------------
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From valkenar at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 14:28:07 2006
From: valkenar at yahoo.com (Justin Powell)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:28:07 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Line by line execution of python code
Message-ID: <20060713182807.7434.qmail@web51012.mail.yahoo.com>

Hi, I'm looking for suggestions on how to accomplish something in python.  If
this is the wrong list for such things, I appologize and please disregard the
rest.

My application needs to allow users to create scripts which will be executed
in a statement-by-statement fashion.  Here's a little pseudo-code:

def someUserProgram():
	while 1:
		print "I am a user program"
		
def mainProgram():
	someProgram = someUserProgram
	while 1:
		print "Doing some stuff here"
		executeOneStatement(someProgram)

def executeOneStatement(program):
	# What goes in here?

I would expect the output to look like this:

Doing some stuff here 
Doing some stuff here 
I am a sub program 
Doing some stuff here 
Doing some stuff here 
I am a sub program
etc.

It's possible to use generators to accomplish this, but unfortunately a
state-ment by statement executing would require that every other statement is
a yield.  That would either force the users to put in a yield after every
statement, or require a mechanism that parses the source and inserts yield
statement before execution.  Neither of these are really satisfactory 

The other methods I've considered for doing this cleanly (subclassing the
debugger, or the interactive interpreter) seem to revolve around sys.settrace
and a callback trace function. I couldn't figure out a way to use this
mechanism to resume the main loop from the trace function, and then also
resume the user program the next time around, without the call stack just
spiraling out of control.

Anybody have a solution to this?  I've done a bit of searching, looking
through python docs and sources and so forth, and I'm pretty stumped at this
point.

Thanks.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From peter at peter-b.co.uk  Wed Jul 26 17:57:35 2006
From: peter at peter-b.co.uk (Peter TB Brett)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:57:35 +0100
Subject: Using PyQT and OpenGL
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.26.21.57.35.500681@peter-b.co.uk>


Hi folks,

Although the PyQt documentation indicates that QGLWidget & friends have
been ported to Python for the PyQt bindings, I'm not entirely sure what's
necessary to make the normal OpenGL/GLUT interface available.

Does PyQt work okay with PyOpenGL?  Or is a more complicated workaround
needed?

If anyone has experience with working with Python/Qt/OpenGL and can offer
any advice I'd much appreciate it.

Thanks,

Peter

-- 
Quake II build tools maintainer             http://tinyurl.com/fkldd

v2sw6YShw7$ln5pr6ck3ma8u6/8Lw3+2m0l7Ci6e4+8t4Eb8Aen5+6g6Pa2Xs5MSr5p4
  hackerkey.com



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 10:47:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 16:47:52 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
(snip)
>>>>>You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
>>>>
>>>>Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>You make the attribute private/protected.
>>
>>doh :(
>>
>>Let's talk about psychorigid mindset...
>>
> 
> 
> Thanks, I'm insane.

You say so.

(snip)
>>>>>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
>>>>>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
>>>>>object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
>>>>
>>>>Let's try again...
>>>>
>>>>point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
>>>>Just a *convention*.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Huh? What are properties for then?
>>
>>To allow attribute syntax when you really have computation behind. Which
>> 1/ let you start with the simplest case (a simple attribute) and change
>>your mind latter
>>2/ offer the possibility to use an attribute syntax (instead of a method
>>call syntax) when it seems more natural.
>>
> 
> 
> Right, and what I'm I trying to do again?
> 

Write Java in Python.

>>>>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
>>>>internal data" at will.
>>>>
>>>
>>>And this is robust how?
>>>
>>
>>You can do just the same in Java or C++.
>>
> 
> 
> OMG!

It's common knowledge.

> 
>>>>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
>>>>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
>>>>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
>>>>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
>>>>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
>>>>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
>>>>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
>>>>for this.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.
>>
>>I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
>>idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.
>> 
> 
> Sure, but calling users idiots for as result of your laziness or poor
> design or lack of robustness is equally idiotic.

Ok, then 99.99% of Python programmers are lazy, have poor design skills
and are unable to write a robust application. So they are idiotic too.

>>>>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
>>>>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
>>>>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
>>>>
>>>>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
>>>>
>>>>class Complicated(object):
>>>> def __init__(self, data):
>>>>   self.data = data
>>>> def _get_data(self):
>>>>   return self._data
>>>> def _set_data(self, data):
>>>>   self._data = data
>>>>
>>>>and
>>>>
>>>>class Pragmatic(object):
>>>> def __init__(self, data)
>>>>   self.data = data
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
>>>>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>I don't know it's your code not mine.
>>
>>IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
>>instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.
>> 
> 
> Hey, I didn't write that code. You did! You deal with it. My input on
> __your__ code at this point is irrelevant.

It's totally relevant, and you're still unable to come with any valid
reason to prefer the first solution over the second. I'm totally
confident that if there was *any* defendable reason to favor the first
approach, you'd have chosen to answer instead of playing dumb.

>>>class Robust(object):
>>>
>>>	def __init__(self):
>>>		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
>>>		# corrupt the whole event system.
>>>		self.__is_active = True
>>>
>>>	def get_is_active(self):
>>>		return self.__is_active
>>>
>>>	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
>>>editable")
>>>
>>>	def monitor_events(self):
>>>		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
>>>		# Add code to change __is_active here.
>>>		return
>>
>>Yuck.
>>
>>
>>>See! I'm controlling access.
>>
>>You are not controlling *anything*
>>
>>r = Robust()
>>r._Robust__is_active = True
>>
> 
> 
> *sighs*
> 
> You keep coming up with these unrealistic and impractically delusional
> theories

Pardon ? Which "unrealistic and impractically delusional theories" ?
Please try the code above instead of getting to big words...

> to make yourself feel happy.

yes, of course, I need this to feel happy. Doh :(

> Sure Python lets your do that,
> but that's an implementation detail almost all Python developers could
> give a damn about. How many times do I have to tell you I don't care
> for latent semantic implementation details of Python? Anybody who does
> what you just did should be laughed at derisively and ignored.

Believe it or not, but there are times someone may have a perfectly
valid reason to do so (probably not with your example, but that's
another point).

>  But I
> don't have time to deal with fantasy and unreleastic theories.

blah blah.

> 
>>As I told you, there's no cure for idiocy.
>>
>>
>>>Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
>>>change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
>>>down 27000 lines of code to do it.
>>
>>And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?
>>
> 
> But I don't want to. I wanna change implementation not interface.

Changing implementation from direct attribute access to property doesn't
require changing the interface, so there's no reason to use a property
for simple read/write access. period.

> 
>>>Also a naive third party won't crash
>>>my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.
>>
>>Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
>>stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
>>*her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
>>to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
>>of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
>>with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.
>> 
> 
> That's just silly. If a third party plugin is crashing your app,

Not my responsability.

> guess
> who's gonna get the emails and bug reports? That's right you!

And ?

> And that
> is after hours of trying to reproduce the bug on your system
> unsuccessfully

If the app runed fine and all of a sudden starts to crash, I'll suspect
something specific to the user system.

> because you don't have the bloody plug-in installed and
> they user doesn't know a random plug-in he downloaded is the root of
> the problem.

"Hi Mr User... Just a question about your problem : did you change
anything in your system recently ? Like installing a new plugin ?"


>>>Because in the real
>>>world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
>>>among other forms of ridicule.
>>
>>So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?
>> 
> 
> Yes, it can be.
> 

I definitively give up trying to understand you.

>>Now FWIW, I have lot of python apps in production, very few bug reports
>>[1], and none of them being the result of the problem you seems to fear
>>that much.
> 
> 
> Good for you! I'm sure you are brilliant programmer.

I'm not.

> 
>>[1] The very first release of one of them is in production for more than
>>6 monthes now, is daily used by a dozen non-computer-savy users, and not
>>a *single* bug report - actually, the only return we had is "it's
>>perfect, it works like a charm, and we have some other stuff for you guys"
>>
> 
> 
> My users are not just end users they are also developers.

Developpers are supposed to know enough to fill in useful bug reports...
and possibly do some prior research on the problem by themselves.

> 
>>>And your supposed solution to my problem
>>>is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active."
>>
>>In my example (which was not intended as a "solution to a problem"),
>>is_active is clearly part of the API. So your argument is moot.
>>
>>OTOH, if I need to control access to is_active, I can easily change it's
>>implementation - ie by using a property (or any custom descriptor). So
>>my "solution to the problem" is functionally equivalent to yours, and
>>requires much less code - which contributes to making it more robust.
>>
> 
> 
> Your example

Which one ?

> actually requires more code,
> is looks complex and it's
> ugly


You mean:

class Pythonic(object):
    def __init__(self):
      self._is_active = True

    @apply
    def is_active():
      def fget(self): return self._is_active
      def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
      return property(**locals())


> (no offense, my opinion).

of course.

> 
>>>Ha! And if
>>>you can't figure out why anyone would do this,
>>
>>Oh yes, I can :
>>- too much exposure to B&D languages
>>- lack of ability to criticize "what's in the Book"
>>- confusion between state/behaviour concepts and the (mostly inexisting
>>in most hi-level languages) data/function dichotomy
>>- control-freak mindset
>>
>  
> Lets stick to the arguments please. No need to attack me.

You're of course free to identify yourself with the 'anyone' described
above - but that's your responsability, not mine.

> 
>>>then I'm not wasting my
>>>time here anymore.
>>
>>You're wasting your time because you refuse to escape from your "what's
>>in the book" mindest and insist on writing Java in Python. I had the
>>same problem when I came from Java to Python, then I had the "aha"
>>moment where I realized I was overdoing it, writing uselessly
>>complicated code to do simple things that would just have worked without
>>all this mumbo/jumbo control freak stuff. But it seems you prefer to
>>stick to your masochistic approach for no other reason than
>>misunderstood concepts, so we can't help you here.
>> 
> 
> Fantastically, I have never used Java for any public project. I don't
> understand how you reach your faulty assumptions.

Because most of the opinions you expressed so far are usually
symptomatic from a Java exposure. FWIW, the fact that you "never used
Java for any public project" doesn't contradict anything of my above
writing.


> 
>>>Someday you'll learn the hard way.
>>
>>Lol. I actually did *un*learn the hard way.
>>
>>Mystilleef, I've started programing 17 years ago, and have done it
>>professionnaly for almost 10 years now. I do not pretend to be a good
>>programmer, but please believe that I do know my job. I've read the Book
>>too, I've tried applying it blindly, then I used my brain. Once you
>>understand the real reasons behind a "rule", you also understand when
>>and how to apply or not apply it.
>> 
> 
> What book are we talking about again? I made these rules from my
> experience writing programs in Python, not from any book.

I fail to see how your view of "data = state / methods = behaviour" or
your advice to "make all data attributes private" comes from experience
writing Python code.

> There's only
> so much books can do when it comes to designing robust software in
> practice.

Indeed.

> But for a lot of people over here who claim they've been
> programming for X number of years, some of them certainly do need to
> hit the books again. I don't believe I spent an inordinate amount of
> time explaining state and behavior or the benefits or techniques for
> reducing coupling or why anyone would need accessors, among other
> things.

Do you really believe you taught me anything about these topics ?


>>>Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
>>
>>The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
>>them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).
>>
> Sure, if it makes you feel better.

Alas, not. Seeing someone inflicting himself pain because of misbelief
or misunderstanding does not "make me feel better". Too bad you take it
this way.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Fri Jul 21 06:47:32 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 12:47:32 +0200
Subject: Semantics of propagated exceptions
References: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.21.10.47.31.850722@gmx.net>

In <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175 at ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>, Thomas
Lotze wrote:

> I wonder how to solve the following problem the most pythonic way:
> 
> Suppose you have a function f which, as part of its protocol, raises some
> standard exception E under certain, well-defined circumstances. Suppose
> further that f calls other functions which may also raise E. How to best
> distinguish whether an exception E raised by f has the meaning defined by
> the protocol or just comes from details of the implementation?
> 
> [?]
>
> Several solutions come to mind, neither of which I'm satisfied with:
> 
> - f might catch E exceptions from the implementation and raise some other
> error in their stead, maybe with an appropriate message or treating the
> traceback in some helpful way. This destroys the original exception.

This is the way to go I think.  After all it's not an ordinary `E` but one
that has a special, well defined meaning if raised by `f` itself according
to your protocol.

Put the original exception as an attribute to the new one and/or subclass
the new exception type from `E`.  This way calling code can choose to to
handle both types as `E` if the distinction is not important.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 07:33:08 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:33:08 +0100
Subject: Python to log into web site
In-Reply-To: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>
References: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <ea2b5g$mal$1@sea.gmane.org>

david brochu jr wrote:
> Hi,
>  
> I have been browsing around the net looking for a way (hopefully an 
> easily implemented module) to log into a web site using python. The site 
> I wish to log into is an internal site which requires email address and 
> password for authentication. Does anyone have any suggestions or links 
> that might point me in the right direction?
>  
> 
Look for mechanzie and clientform, both by John J Lee, in sourceforge. 
They can both help a lot.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul 16 08:39:17 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 14:39:17 +0200
Subject: Commercial Programming
In-Reply-To: <4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
Message-ID: <e9dc1k$7gr$1@sea.gmane.org>

Boomshiki wrote:

> And trust me, I am not worried about 16 yr olds using it without paying, why 
> would they want to? I am worried about them cracking in to where their 
> grades are kept. 

what does "hiding your source code" has to do with that ?

</F>



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:42:02 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:42:02 GMT
Subject: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
In-Reply-To: <1154034880.861173.153070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154034880.861173.153070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Kuoyg.2594$No6.51148@news.tufts.edu>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> John,
> 
> The way I do it is, is I ask myself  'is there a more common (basic)
> base between the code paths or do they both have about a 50/50 chance
> on average?' or 'will one code path be taken during an error and the
> other one during the normal processing?'.  If there is a clear single
> common/usual/basic case or I try to detect an error I use 'try/except',
> if it could go either way on average I use 'if'.

Thanks, that's something good to think about. This issue came up once 
before and I remember someone saying something like "you're using a 
try/except statement, but i wouldn't really consider that situation 
'exceptional'", so thinking of it in your terms might help a lot.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 08:40:08 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:40:08 +0200
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b39c29$0$4292$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

horizon5 wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> my collegues and I recently held a coding style review.
> All of the code we produced is used in house on a commerical project.
> One of the minor issues I raised was the common idiom of specifing:
> 
> <pre>
> if len(x) > 0:
>     do_something()
> </pre>
> Instead of using the language-defined bahviour, as stated by PEP8:
> 
> <pre>
>     - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>       sequences are false.
> 
>       Yes: if not seq:
>            if seq:
> 
>       No: if len(seq)
>           if not len(seq)
> </pre>
> 
> Without wishing to start a flame war, what are other's opinions on
> this, is using "len" safer? If so why?

I fail to see why it would be safer. But I clearly see a drawback to
explicitely testing length of objects : it doesn't work on unsized
objects (like None or 0 or False etc), so it makes code less generic
(wether this is a problem or not in a given context depends of course on
the context).

> Arguments that have been presented for using <code>len(x) > 0</code> to
> test emptiness of a container include:
>   - It's safer

cf above

>   - Not relying on weird behaviour of the language

It's not a "weird behaviour", it's a well defined and documented
behaviour. And it's not specific to Python.

>   - Explicit is better than implicit (as stated by 'this' module, Zen
> of Python)

Given that this behaviour is well defined and documented, using "if
[not] seq" is perfectly explicit.

> My own feeling is that I am willing to work with the behaviours defined
> by Python, 

and use the common Python idiom.

> and treat the use of len in these cases as excessive
> duplication (this is however, quite a minor point i agree).

It's also not idiomatic and less generic.

> Note that I have much more experience with the language (6-7 years),
> whilst the majority of my collegues have about 1-2 years experience.

Do they still write code like the following ?

if someBooleanExpression == True:
   return True
else:
   return False

If yes, time to look for another place to work IMHO. Else, what do they
think of the above snippet, vs:

return someBooleanExpression

Do they think the first one is safer and/or more explicit ?-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Thu Jul 20 01:47:32 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:47:32 +1200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <e9n5cn$p88$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <e9ksvr$g8u$1 at news.albasani.net>, Georg Brandl wrote:

> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke
>> wrote:
>> 
>>> I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>> non-computer language):
>>> 
>>> 1. While list, pop.
>>> 
>>> 2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>> 
>>> Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>>> damned.
>>> :)
>> 
>> One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a
>> Boolean type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary
>> values can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit
>> comparison if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
> 
> You can do that, but it's not considered Pythonic. And it might be
> ineffective.
> 
> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
> this?

Because the clearest rule of all is that True is true, and False is false,
and that's all I want to have to remember.


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:23:43 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:23:43 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c27993$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Justin Azoff a ?crit :
> Simon Forman wrote:
> 
>>That third option seems to work fine.
> 
> 
> Well it does, but there are still many things wrong with it
> 
(snip)

>     tok = ''
>     tok = toc + c
> should be written as
>     tok = []
>     tok.append(c)
> and later
>     ''.join(toc)

IIRC, string concatenation slowness has been fixed a few versions ago - 
at least in CPython - , so there's  no more reason to use this idiom.

(snip)


From tim.golden at viacom-outdoor.co.uk  Thu Jul 27 08:34:50 2006
From: tim.golden at viacom-outdoor.co.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:34:50 +0100
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
Message-ID: <CCAC78D42E32184F8E26DC163DB9830617E2EC@vogbs009.gb.vo.local>

[schwehr at gmail.com]

| I have some old pysqlite 1.x code that uses a pattern like this:
| 
| cu.execute('SELECT weight FROM weights WHERE samplename="foo")
| row = cu.fetchone()
| weight=row['weight']
| 
| It seems like lookups by name are no longer supported in 
| pysqlite2. 

According to this:

http://initd.org/pub/software/pysqlite/doc/usage-guide.html#accessing-co
lumns-by-name-instead-of-by-index

you have to specify a .row_factory before running the select

TJG

________________________________________________________________________
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From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 13:08:36 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 10:08:36 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <1152637715.982051.245740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> The most knowledgeable people have effectively given up, in
> regard to Python.

I guess now I am up with only one option, i.e hope that user input code
wont be evil to the system. **which is rarely possible**



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Mon Jul 10 09:59:18 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:59:18 -0700
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <1152539958.087449.313400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

you don't need twisted to run processes in the background, either.
os.popen* returns a file or set of files representing std streams
immediately
subprocess.Popen is a spiffy little object new in 2.4 and available for
download for 2.3. check the module docstrings for usage tips.

you can use threads, but try doing it the python way instead of the
java way. ;-)
def func(cmd, callback):
    os.system(cmd)
    callback()
xc = threading.Thread(target=func, args=(cmd, callback))
xc.start()


sreekant wrote:
> Hi folks
>
> What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in
> the background.
> #########################################
> class MyThread(threading.Thread):
>      def __init__(self, cmd, callback):
>          self.__cmd = cmd
>          self.__callback = callback
>          threading.Thread.__init__(self)
>
>      def run(self):
>          os.system(self.__cmd)
>          self.__callback('abcd')
>          return
>
>
> cmd=midiplay+' '+fmidi
> xc=MyThread(cmd,addlog)
> xc.start()
>
>
> ######################
> midiplay is 'fluidsynth -ni /home/mysndfont.sf2 mymidi.mid'
> addlog is a function which prints the log.
>
> If I run it only with xc.start() it does not run the program as in
> os.system. However if I  put
> xc.start()
> xc.run()
>
> then it starts and runs it in foreground with my pygtk ui non responsive.
> 
> What am I missing!
> 
> Thanks for any ideas
> sree



From dabrowsa at indiana.edu  Fri Jul 14 21:12:55 2006
From: dabrowsa at indiana.edu (Andrew Dabrowski)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 21:12:55 -0400
Subject: math symbols not displaying
Message-ID: <yKudnR_gYLeH3CXZnZ2dnUVZ_qadnZ2d@insightbb.com>

I'm working on a simple Python program, with Tkinter, and I need to 
display the math symbols for set union and intersection, in unicode 
\N{N-ARY UNION} and \N{N-ARY INTERSECTION}. Everything was displaying 
correctly (when I ran the program) until I changed my OS distribution 
from SuSE to Ubuntu. Now those two symbols are not being displayed. I'm 
not getting any error messages, there are simply blank spaces where the 
symbols should be. Any ideas what the problem could be? I'm using Gnome 
under Ubuntu 6.06.


From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:13:13 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:13:13 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
Message-ID: <1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Rob Williscroft wrote:

> If this is more than idle curiosity I strongly suggest you post
> a version of the python code you need to translate to C++.

For the moment this is just healthy curiosity but i will still post the
code i would like to see translated:

class Parent:
	count=0
	def __init__(self):
		self.__class__.count +=1
	@classmethod
	def getcount(cls):
		return cls.count

class Child(Parent):
	count=0 # replace this line by a 'pass'  statement if you don't want
to reinitialise the count

a=Parent()
b=Parent()
print Parent.getcount()  # you get 2
c=Child()
d=Child()
e=Child()
print Child.getcount() # you get 3 (you could get 5 if you don't
reinitialise the count)

This is as simple as it can get. I just derive from Parent and i get my
proper count (added to my parent's if i wish so).
I wish i could achieve such a code purity in C++.

Alain



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:30:53 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:30:53 -0600
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <7xy7v1vnoj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R-udnW5zD_heRCzZnZ2dnUVZ_qudnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<7xy7v1vnoj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44SdnaJIjoAnHS_ZnZ2dnUVZ_vmdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Steven Bethard <steven.bethard at gmail.com> writes:
>> If len() were a method of string objects, you could try using the
>> unbound method and writing this as::
>>
>>      >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=str.len)
>>      ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']
>>
>> But then your code would break on lists that weren't strings.
> 
> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=lambda x: x.len())

Of course, but all you're doing with the lambda is creating the len() 
function.

STeVe


From dan.gass at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 17:42:43 2006
From: dan.gass at gmail.com (dan.gass at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 14:42:43 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
In-Reply-To: <1153515678.845813.9880@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514248.125242.217310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153515678.845813.9880@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153518163.460013.45150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


> Nope.  That only *nearly* does what T wants.  The usage message will
> still be printed immediately *after* the 'usage: ' string.
>
> >>> parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
> >>> parser.print_help()
> usage: ************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING************
> usage: lopts.py [options] input_file
>
> options:
>   -h, --help  show this help message and exit

Yes, I see what T meant now.  Behavior expectations (assumptions) has a
way of clouding one's vision.

Thanks



From rhymes at myself.com  Fri Jul 14 13:54:23 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:54:23 +0200
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8178.1152895653.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7LydnbSDfZ_hTSrZnZ2dnUVZ_tudnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <1hihdsy.xnhzls1px8l2sN%rhymes@myself.com>

A.M. Kuchling <amk at amk.ca> wrote:

> If Python 3000 turns into a let's-try-all-sorts-of-goofy-new-ideas
> language, at least some of those ideas will turn out to have been
> mistakes, and then we'll need a Python 3000++ to clean things up.

And I also think "we" will lose some developers in the community. Python
is good because is flexible and it's tight to the need of people who
write code for passion, work and educational purposes (that's another
meaning of "multiple purposes language"). If Python turns to be only an
educational language... it will definitely fail.

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 11:35:53 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:35:53 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem(Problem Solved)
In-Reply-To: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <20060720153553.5459.qmail@web53111.mail.yahoo.com>



--- Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:

> Note the error is permission denied.  I would guess
> that
> either the file has read-only flag set or perhaps
> the
> 'cccc' program is still running and has the file
> open
> in a separate thread so you can't delete the
> directory
> until it has completed.  You should take a look at
> the
> subprocess module and use something like (not
> tested):
> 
> retcode = call([r'cccc C:\copiedfiles\*.*',
> cmd_out])
> 
> This will wait for execution of cccc to complete
> prior
> to returning.
> 
> -Larry Bates
> 
> 
> Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
> > When I push a button to trigger the code:
> > 
> > def runCCCC(self, event):
> >         cmd_out = self.A_com()
> >         if App.runF != "":
> >             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')            
>    
> >       
> >             for item in App.runF:
> >                 App.beCopied = str(item)
> >                 shutil.copy(App.beCopied,         
> 
> > 'C:\copiedFiles')
> >             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' +
> cmd_out
> >             os.system(cmd)
> >             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
> >         else:
> >             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> > "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        
> > 
> > 
> > I encountered this error:
> > 
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line
> 1345,
> > in __call__
> >     return self.func(*args)
> >   File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line
> 61,
> > in runCCCC
> >     shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
> > ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
> > rmtree
> >     onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
> > rmtree
> >     os.remove(fullname)
> > OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
> > 'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'
> > 
> > 1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
> > inserted to a Listbox,
> > 2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
> > 3. Copying all of these files to this folder with
> the
> > same names,
> > 4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this
> folder,
> > 5. Than removing this folder.
> > 
> > Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got
> and
> > how to solve it?
> > 
> > Regards
> > 
> > 
> > __________________________________________________
> > Do You Yahoo!?
> > Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam
> protection around 
> > http://mail.yahoo.com 

Dear All,

I changed the mode of the files before copying them.
So the problem is solved as follows:

SOLUTION:

def runCCCC(self, event):
        cmd_out = self.A_com()
        if App.runF != "":
            os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
      
            for item in App.runF:
                os.chmod(item, 0700)
                shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')   
          
            cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
            os.system(cmd)
            for root,dir,files in
os.walk("C:\copiedFiles"):
                          
            shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")    

Thank you very much for your help,
Regards    


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From mike.klaas at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 23:01:49 2006
From: mike.klaas at gmail.com (Klaas)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 20:01:49 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
In-Reply-To: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152673309.525638.19650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


JKPeck wrote:
> I would like to be able use sets where the set members are objects of a
> class I wrote.
> I want the members to be distinguished by some of the object content,
> but I have not figured out how a set determines whether two (potential)
> elements are identical.  I tried implementing __eq__ and __ne__ and
> __hash__ to make objects with identical content behave as identical for
> set membership, but so far no luck.

__eq__ and __hash__ are necessary and sufficient.  Code?

-Mike



From schaffer at optonline.net  Thu Jul  6 19:25:31 2006
From: schaffer at optonline.net (Les Schaffer)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:25:31 -0400
Subject: GPG.py adapted to use subprocess, for Windows?
In-Reply-To: <tMgrg.1005$862.87@fe10.lga>
References: <44AD97CD.8090702@optonline.net> <tMgrg.1005$862.87@fe10.lga>
Message-ID: <44AD9BEB.8000208@optonline.net>

Les Schaffer wrote:
> errr, THIS GPG module: http://www.historical-id.info/files/python/GPG.py

sigh, actually its updated version:

http://trac.t7a.org/isconf/browser/trunk/lib/python/isconf/GPG.py

looks like i can use the subprocess module straight instead of the
PopenHI, except for the complication that PopenHI provides *4* pipes to
the subprocess ...


les


From wegein at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 00:12:26 2006
From: wegein at gmail.com (damacy)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 21:12:26 -0700
Subject: questions to anyone who uses wxPython
Message-ID: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

hello. i'm using wxPython as my GUI package and whenever my program
executes a long process which takes at least 2 or 3 seconds, the user
interface gets corrupted while executing the progrocess during the
period.

i have tried the following lines of code...

frame = mainwindow(None, -1, 'my program')
...
...
frame.UpdateWindowUI()

and it did not make any difference at all. 

could anyone help me?



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 12:59:43 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 09:59:43 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190959.065213.88200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190959.065213.88200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153241982.961722.97410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Dan Bishop wrote:
> Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> > it seems that range() can be really slow:
> ...
> >     if i in range (0, 10000):
>
> This creates a 10,000-element list and sequentially searches it.  Of
> course that's gonna be slow.

And you're doing it 30000 times.



From claus.tondering at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 06:58:08 2006
From: claus.tondering at gmail.com (Claus Tondering)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 03:58:08 -0700
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
Message-ID: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

My Tkinter application has to receive events from a TCP connection. I
have chosen to do this in the following manner:

The TCP communication takes place in a separate thread. When I receive
data, I generate an event in the Python application thus:

    app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>")

In the associated event handler, I do this:

    self.label1.grid_forget()
    self.label2.grid()

This works well if event is generated from a function that is called
through the after() method of the main frame. But when I send the event
from my TCP thread, the system hangs in the call to grid_forget.

Surprisingly, if I replace self.label1.grid_forget() with
self.label1.destroy(), things work well.

What can I do to call grid_forget in this event handler?

--
Claus Tondering



From robin at reportlab.com  Fri Jul 21 05:46:19 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 10:46:19 +0100
Subject: IronPython and scipy/pyExcelerator
In-Reply-To: <1153423866.965173.83440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153423866.965173.83440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C0A26B.2020604@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

tkpmep at hotmail.com wrote:
> I'm looking forward to the release IronPython, primarily for its IDE. I
> currently use scipy and pyExcelerator to crunch numbers and write them
> to Excel: does can these packages be used with IronPython as well?
> 
> Thanks in advance
> 
> Thomas Philips
> 
I don't think so unless scipy has a release for .net. I think all those nice 
algorithms are in C or Fortran and mostly haven't been translated into C#.
-- 
Robin Becker



From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Tue Jul 18 13:21:36 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:21:36 -0700
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
In-Reply-To: <156vo3-ub3.ln1@lairds.us>
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153187926.407414.201530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<156vo3-ub3.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <1153243296.095949.268520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

As described in the docs I pointed to before:
subprocess.call("foo.sh",shell=True)
Is the way to do it without args.  I think it is simplest to learn the
subprocess module because (quoting from the docs) this module intends
to replace several other, older modules and functions, such as:
os.system
os.spawn*
os.popen*
popen2.*
commands.*
This way you only need to learn one thing.  Actually I would like to
see some of these older functions deprecated.

THN

Cameron Laird wrote:
> In article <1153187926.407414.201530 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
> Simon Forman <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com> wrote:
> >spec wrote:
> >> Thanks, actually there are no args, is there something even simpler?
> >>
> >> Thanks
> >> Frank
> >
> >you could try os.system()
> >
> >>From the docs:
> >
> >system(command)
> 			.
> 		[more detail]
> 			.
> 			.
> I'm concerned the follow-ups in this thread have been too subtle.
> Here is what you need to know:  use system().  A model such as
>
>   import os
>   os.system("my_script")
> 
> fulfills exactly the requirements the original poster described.



From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 11:35:57 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:35:57 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem(Problem Solved)
In-Reply-To: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <20060720153557.12922.qmail@web53108.mail.yahoo.com>



--- Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:

> Note the error is permission denied.  I would guess
> that
> either the file has read-only flag set or perhaps
> the
> 'cccc' program is still running and has the file
> open
> in a separate thread so you can't delete the
> directory
> until it has completed.  You should take a look at
> the
> subprocess module and use something like (not
> tested):
> 
> retcode = call([r'cccc C:\copiedfiles\*.*',
> cmd_out])
> 
> This will wait for execution of cccc to complete
> prior
> to returning.
> 
> -Larry Bates
> 
> 
> Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
> > When I push a button to trigger the code:
> > 
> > def runCCCC(self, event):
> >         cmd_out = self.A_com()
> >         if App.runF != "":
> >             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')            
>    
> >       
> >             for item in App.runF:
> >                 App.beCopied = str(item)
> >                 shutil.copy(App.beCopied,         
> 
> > 'C:\copiedFiles')
> >             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' +
> cmd_out
> >             os.system(cmd)
> >             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
> >         else:
> >             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> > "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        
> > 
> > 
> > I encountered this error:
> > 
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line
> 1345,
> > in __call__
> >     return self.func(*args)
> >   File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line
> 61,
> > in runCCCC
> >     shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
> > ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
> > rmtree
> >     onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
> > rmtree
> >     os.remove(fullname)
> > OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
> > 'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'
> > 
> > 1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
> > inserted to a Listbox,
> > 2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
> > 3. Copying all of these files to this folder with
> the
> > same names,
> > 4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this
> folder,
> > 5. Than removing this folder.
> > 
> > Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got
> and
> > how to solve it?
> > 
> > Regards
> > 
> > 
> > __________________________________________________
> > Do You Yahoo!?
> > Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam
> protection around 
> > http://mail.yahoo.com 

Dear All,

I changed the mode of the files before copying them.
So the problem is solved as follows:

SOLUTION:

def runCCCC(self, event):
        cmd_out = self.A_com()
        if App.runF != "":
            os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
      
            for item in App.runF:
                os.chmod(item, 0700)
                shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')   
          
            cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
            os.system(cmd)
            for root,dir,files in
os.walk("C:\copiedFiles"):
                          
            shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")    

Thank you very much for your help,
Regards    


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From nkammah at yahoo.fr  Mon Jul 10 08:18:41 2006
From: nkammah at yahoo.fr (kepioo)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 05:18:41 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
In-Reply-To: <1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152533921.782540.155650@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

thanks a lot for the code.

It was not working the first time (do not recognize item and
existing_time --> i changed item by r[-1] and existing_time by
existing_equip).


however, it is not producing the result i expected, as in it doesn't
group by same category the elements, it creates a new block of xml


<results>
-
	<LINK id="23">
-
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr2">
-
	<TIMESTAMP id="3pm">
<data>my first value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
-
	<LINK id="23">
-
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr1">
-
	<TIMESTAMP id="3pm">
<data>my second value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
-
	<LINK id="23">
-
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr2">
-
	<TIMESTAMP id="3pm">
<data>my third value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
-
	<LINK id="24">
-
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr2">
-
	<TIMESTAMP id="3pm">
<data>my fourth value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
-
	<LINK id="25">
-
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr2">
-
	<TIMESTAMP id="3pm">
<data>my fifth value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
-
	<LINK id="25">
	<EQUIPMENT id="jr2">
	<TIMESTAMP id="4pm">
<data>my sixth value</data>
</TIMESTAMP>
</EQUIPMENT>
</LINK>
</results>



The idea behind all that is :

i want to create an xml file that'll have a XSL instructions.

The xsl will sort the entries and display something like :

Route 23:
    *jr1
        *3pm
             value
             value
             value
         *5pm
             value
             value
    *jr2
        *3pm
             value
             value
             value
         *5pm
             value
             value
Route 29
    *jr1
        *3pm
             value
             value
             value
         *5pm
             value
             value
    *jr2
        *3pm
             value
             value
             value
         *5pm
             value
             value


I know this is feasible with XSL2 , but i need something compatible
with quite old browser, and XSL2 is not even working on my comp( i
could upgrade but i cannot ask all the users to do so). That's why I
thought rearranging the xml would do it.

Do you have other idea? Do u think it is the best choice?

More information abt the application I am writing : i am parsing a
feed, extracting some data and producing reports. the application is
running on spyce, so i don't have to produce a file in output, just
print the xml to the screen and it is automatically wrting to the html
page we view.

Thanks again for your help.


Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> > kepioo wrote:
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
> > > miserably.
> > >
> > > what i want to do :
> > >
> > > i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> > > key3,value]], value]
> > >
> > > example :
> > > [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
> > >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
> > >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
> > >  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
> > >  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
> > >
> >
> > [snip example data]
> >
> > >
> > >
> > > If anyone has an idea of implemetation or any code ( i was trying with
> > > ElementTree...
> > >
> >
> > (You should have posted the code you tried)
> >
> > The code below might help (though you should test it more than I have).
> > The 'findall' function comes from here:
> >
> >     http://gflanagan.net/site/python/elementfilter/elementfilter.py
> >
> > it's not the elementtree one.
> >
>
> Sorry, elementfilter.py was a bit broken - fixed now.  Use the current
> one and change the code I posted to:
>
>     [...]
>     existing_route = findall(results, "route[@id==%s]" % routeid)
> #changed line
>     if existing_route:
>         route = existing_route[0]
>         existing_equip = findall(route, "equip[@id=='%s']" % equipid)
>         if existing_equip:
>     [...]
> 
> ie. don't quote the route id since it's numeric.
> 
> Gerard



From thomas at thomas-lotze.de  Fri Jul 21 05:57:14 2006
From: thomas at thomas-lotze.de (Thomas Lotze)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:57:14 +0200
Subject: Semantics of propagated exceptions
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>

Hi,

I wonder how to solve the following problem the most pythonic way:

Suppose you have a function f which, as part of its protocol, raises some
standard exception E under certain, well-defined circumstances. Suppose
further that f calls other functions which may also raise E. How to best
distinguish whether an exception E raised by f has the meaning defined by
the protocol or just comes from details of the implementation?

As an example, let's inherit from dict and replace __getitem__. It is
supposed to raise a KeyError if an item is not found in the mapping. But
what if it does some magic to use default values:

def __getitem__(self, key):
	if key in self:
		return self[key]
	defaults = foobar["default"]
	return defaults[key]

If "default" is not in foobar, a KeyError is raised by that lookup and
propagates to the calling code. However, the problem is not "key can't be
found" but "I'm too stupid to find out whether key can be found". In a web
context where key identifies the resource requested, this might make the
difference between a 404 "Not found" and a 500 "Internal server error"
response.

Several solutions come to mind, neither of which I'm satisfied with:

- f might catch E exceptions from the implementation and raise some other
error in their stead, maybe with an appropriate message or treating the
traceback in some helpful way. This destroys the original exception.

- f might catch and re-raise E exceptions, setting some flag on them that
identifies them as protocol exceptions or not. This requires calling code
to know about the flag.

- Calling code might guess whether the exception comes from some inner
working of f from how deep in the calling stack the exception originated.
Obviously, this will not be easy or not even work at all if f calls
related functions which might also raise E with the protocol semantics.
This requires calling code to do some magic but keeps f from having to
catch and raise exceptions all over the place.

Some gut feeling tells me the first option is preferrable, but I'ld like
to read your opinions and maybe other alternatives.

-- 
Thomas




From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 10:44:14 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:44:14 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>
> >
> > Which pieces of the following seem to be working to you?
>
> John, it seems you failed to notice the use of "may" and "seems" in my
> post. IIRC, both are supposed to strongly suggest a lack of certitude.
>
>

I didn't fail to notice that you were seeming. Re-read my question:
It's asking you which bits you were seeming.



From fumanchu at amor.org  Thu Jul  6 00:37:21 2006
From: fumanchu at amor.org (fumanchu)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 21:37:21 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
In-Reply-To: <1152127282.021241.196520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152115118.517322.99460@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152127282.021241.196520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152160641.034846.132190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

eduardo.padoan at gmail.com wrote:
> > So why tell us? What are your ideas? What does your design do that the
> > others don't?
>
> Basically, the API I exemplificated in the first exemple. My initial
> idea was to have a way of turn alread designed objects into persistent
> ones. This is not the goal of SQLObject, for example.

No, but it is a design point of Dejavu.

> Other litle difference is the 'multiplexity' (mult) argument in the
> EAssociation.

EAssociation -> HasA and HasMany? How is that different from Dejavu's
UnitAssociation -> ToOne and ToMany?


Robert Brewer
System Architect
Amor Ministries
fumanchu at amor.org



From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Mon Jul 24 14:31:39 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Bob Sinclar)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 20:31:39 +0200
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <p08xg.2561$No6.50765@news.tufts.edu>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<mailman.8473.1153761216.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<p08xg.2561$No6.50765@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <200607242031.39569.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

Web programming is all about stdin & stdout. Recommanded practice
before going further.

On Monday 24 July 2006 20:08, John Salerno wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> > While I don't doubt that there are many applications that are well-suited
> > for web apps and that there are a number of good reasons for making some
> > apps web-based, why do you think web programming is /not/ GUI
> > programming?
>
> Personally I enjoy GUI programming, so I'm not really one of the people
> that recommend a web app instead. I was just throwing that out there as
> a possibility. After all, it does seem easier to use a few HTML buttons
> and textboxes in a table than to have to learn even the basics of
> something like wxPython or Tkinter. But wxPython is fun anyway, so I
> recommend it.


From iddw at hotmail.com  Sat Jul 22 15:58:26 2006
From: iddw at hotmail.com (Dave Hansen)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 14:58:26 -0500
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <fg05c2terahmtvqujntvsjo4a2kn1gr25o@4ax.com>

On 21 Jul 2006 07:51:15 -0700 in comp.lang.python, "T"
<ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote:

>
>I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
>to an instance of another class:
>
>
>
># Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
>foo = Parse_Option()
>
># Class that does the real work
>bar = Processor()
>
>bar.index = foo.options.index
>bar.output  = foo.options.output
>bar.run()


How about

   class Processor(whatever):
      ...
      def __init__(self,whatever_else):
      ...
      self.op = Parse_Option()

   ...
   bar = Processor()
   bar.run()

This would even let you do some preliminary option processing during
object initialization.

Regards,

   
                                        -=Dave

-- 
Change is inevitable, progress is not.


From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 18 11:56:25 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:56:25 +0100
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9j0bf$igk$1@sea.gmane.org>

grebekel at gmail.com wrote:
> The two primary differences between using def and using lambda is that
> lambda is limited to a single expression and def cannot be used within
> another function.
> 
Where on earth did you get that from? I presume you mean "You can't use 
a def statement as an argument to a function"?

There is nothing wrong with

   def adder(x):
     def func(y):
         return x+y
     return func

for example. Then adder(5) returns a function that returns 5 more than 
its argument.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 05:03:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:03:40 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-12 06:17:27, mystilleef wrote:
> 
> 
>>But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
>>less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes. This
>>stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
>>usually part of the API, as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
>>blah. 
> 
> 
> I'm not sure about which languages you are talking (pretty much all that
> allow public methods also allow public attributes), but in general I think
> you should get away from the distinction attribute vs method (which doesn't
> make much sense in any language)

And even less when one have first-class functions and computed
attributes... In Python, a method is nothing more than a callable attribute.

> and start looking at the distinction
> public vs private 

Since "public" and "private" are now strongly connoted with
"language-inforced access restriction", I'd rather talk of "interface vs
 implementation"

> (which is what you really are talking about) -- and start
> giving the appropriate care to naming public entities, no matter /what/
> they are. (Besides, I don't know many coding rules that say that creating
> an accessor get/setTemporaryBuffer that acts on the private member tmp is
> good style.)
> 
> I'm just starting to get started with Python, but it seems that the leading
> underscore marks private entities.

Yes, it means "implementation, don't touch or you're on your own".

> So why don't you precede everything with
> an underscore that doesn't have a name that fulfills your criteria for a
> decent public name -- no matter what kind of entity it is?
> 
> It seems you are basically complaining that you used a crappy name in a
> public API.

Obviously... And blaming the language for this won't help.

> Well... you shouldn't, not in Python, and not in any other
> language :)  And there's no way around it, not in Python, and not in any
> other language, than to rename that entity in the public API. Which can be
> a major hassle, close to impossible. There are all kinds of public APIs
> with crappy names (using accessors and all :) that got created early on and
> never changed. Stuff happens.
> 
> Maybe you didn't know about the underscore way to mark private entities.
> Maybe this doesn't work as I think it does

If you think that single leading underscores have a special meaning for
the compiler/interpreter, then you got it wrong. It's a convention. Like
using ALL_CAPS for pseudo-constants. Nothing prevents you from accessing
implementation or modifying "constants" - but then you're on your own
and must not complain when something breaks.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From zetalimit at charter.net  Sat Jul 22 20:40:06 2006
From: zetalimit at charter.net (switzerland qunatium computer)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 17:40:06 -0700
Subject: ""DRUG EMPIRE - INVEST IN QUANTUM COMPTERS GODS WEPON"""
Message-ID: <1153615206.209591.41340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

""DRUG EMPIRE - INVEST IN QUANTUM COMPTERS GODS WEPON"""

http://www.beyond-science.com RUN THIS WITH A QUNATIUM COMPUTER

THE GREATEST PROTECTION AND RIVAL'S ANY INTELLGENCE AGNECY'S



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  9 00:55:09 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 21:55:09 -0700
Subject: xpath question...
Message-ID: <038f01c6a313$db553b60$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i have the following section of test code where i'm trying to get the
attribute of a frame
   <frame  src="....">

i'm trying to print/get the src value. the xpath query that i have displays
the "src" attribute in the Xpather/Firefox plugin. however, i can't quite
figure out how to get the underlying value in my test app...

  sxpath = "/html/frameset/frame[2]/attribute::src"
    # s contains HTML not XML text
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)

  #get the tr list
  tr1 = d.xpath(sxpath)

  url = tr1[0]

  #get the url/link >>semester page
  #link = br.find_link(nr=1)

  #url = link.url
  print "link = ",url
  sys.exit()

err output
link =  <libxml2dom.Attribute object at 0xb7b7680c>

--------------------------------------

i'm not sure what i need to add to the line
  url = tr1
to resolve the issue/error...

looking over google hasn't given any real pointers...


thanks

-bruce




From support at mathworks.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 23:47:31 2006
From: support at mathworks.co.uk (support at mathworks.co.uk)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 23:47:31 -0400
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 6
Message-ID: <200608010347.k713lVC04301@mail-vif.mathworks.com>

This is an automated response.

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1) License number, release number, and operating system.  Typing ?ver? at the MATLAB command prompt will list this information.

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[THREAD ID: 1-2ZI8BP]

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-request at python.org
Sent: 7/31/2006 11:46:55 PM
To: support at mathworks.co.uk
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 6   

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	python-list at python.org

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From russandheather at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:36:05 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:36:05 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
Message-ID: <1153949764.939782.173390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

> Another issue is the libraries you use. A lot of them aren't
> thread safe. So you need to watch out.

This is something I have a streak of paranoia about (after discovering
that the current xmlrpclib has some thread safety issues).  Is there a
list maintained anywhere of the modules that are aren't thread safe?

Russ



From ksenia.marasanova at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:09:20 2006
From: ksenia.marasanova at gmail.com (Ksenia Marasanova)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:09:20 +0200
Subject: text representation of HTML
Message-ID: <130df1930607190309j68a0ce2ejb6e103f642ea5351@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,

I am looking for a library that will give me very simple text
representation of HTML.
For example
<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>

will be transformed to:

Title

This is a
test


i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
to do it automatically from HTML source.
Any hints?

Thanks!
Ksenia.


From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 23:38:23 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 20:38:23 -0700
Subject: Tkinter function variable passing
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7724.1151933571.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151923978.749598.117750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7724.1151933571.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151984303.432458.141600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

please send it to-    arvind.mulay at gmail.com.


Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> "arvind" <arvind.mulay at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > thanx for replynig.
> > but functios are independent
> > and the button is inside one of the functions.
> > will u please reshape ur code and send it to me?
> 
> where do I send the invoice ?
> 
> </F>



From gene.tani at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 11:02:20 2006
From: gene.tani at gmail.com (gene tani)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 08:02:20 -0700
Subject: metaclass : parse all class once before doing anything else ?
In-Reply-To: <1154170282.597521.17560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<1154170282.597521.17560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154271740.002038.202880@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:
> Laurent Rahuel wrote:
> >
> > Laurent.
>
> I, like Diez am unsure of why you would need what you have asked for,
> but maybe this will help.
>
> You can keep  track of all instances of a class by this kind of thing:
>
> >>> class C1(object):
> ... 	inst = []
> ... 	def __init__(self):
> ... 		self.inst.append(self)
> ...

or list all subclasses with

print LaurentsPutativeMetaClass.__subclasses__()

me 3 for: not clear what you're getting at



From olepar at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 01:52:10 2006
From: olepar at gmail.com (Oleg  Paraschenko)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 22:52:10 -0700
Subject: dynamic unittest
Message-ID: <1153115530.632171.81480@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I decided to re-use functionality of "unittest" module for my purposes.
More precisely, I have a list of folders. For each folder, code should
enter to the folder, execute a command and assert the output. It's
reasonable to use "unittest" here, but the problem is that "unittest"
doesn't support (== I haven't found how) dynamic creation of tests.

I thought it would be very easy, but due to lack of closures in Python
(more precisely, closures do exist, but they are counter-intuitive for
lisp programmers), I failed. Finally, I found a way using a global
variable. I exploit the fact that "unittest" uses "cmp" to arrange test
cases. Therefore, if we have an array of test names and sequential
number of running the common function, we know the name of the current
test. Here is a sample code:

------- <dynamic_unittest.py>

import sys, unittest
test_names = ['aaa', 'ddd', 'bbb']
test_names.sort()
test_index = 0

class DynamicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
  def one_test(self):
    global test_index
    test_name  = test_names[test_index]
    test_index = test_index + 1
    # Ok for 'aaa' and 'bbb', failure for 'ddd'
    assert test_name in ['aaa', 'bbb']

for test_name in test_names:
  func_name = 'test_' + test_name
  setattr(DynamicTestCase, func_name, DynamicTestCase.one_test)

suite = unittest.makeSuite(DynamicTestCase, 'test_')
if not unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite).wasSuccessful():
  sys.exit(1)

------- </dynamic_unittest.py>

I think this code might help others, so I post it to the group.
Comments are welcome.

--
Oleg Parashchenko  olpa@ http://xmlhack.ru/  XML news in Russian
http://uucode.com/blog/  Generative Programming, XML, TeX, Scheme
XSieve at XTech 2006: http://xtech06.usefulinc.com/schedule/detail/44



From enterr at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 04:14:15 2006
From: enterr at gmail.com (Atanas Banov)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:14:15 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153988051.802605.267140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:

> sorry guys...
>
> forget about the auto incrementer for a second.
>
> the entry is not being recorded. that is my problem. the script does
> not work. thanks.

after Dijkstra: "the use of mySql cripples the mind; its teaching
should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offence. "

thus said, which mysql engine are you using for your DB? is it
transactional, should you commit?



From ed at leafe.com  Wed Jul 19 07:46:58 2006
From: ed at leafe.com (Ed Leafe)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 07:46:58 -0400
Subject: Capturing instant messages
In-Reply-To: <e9jc4r$4vu$1@news-int.gatech.edu>
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9jc4r$4vu$1@news-int.gatech.edu>
Message-ID: <25A524B7-04D8-44D7-8D15-BD4A7A13098E@leafe.com>

On Jul 18, 2006, at 3:17 PM, Yu-Xi Lim wrote:

> This is going to be quite off-topic.

	But helpful nonetheless.

> I'm not entirely familiar with SOX regulations. Is it necessary to
> capture it at the gateway?

	I'm no lawyer either, so I probably know as much about this as you  
do. It was the client who proposed this type of solution; I'm in the  
process of figuring out if it's at all possible.

> The best solution would be to provide logging
> at the individual chat clients. Piecing together conversation threads
> from individual packets while filtering out other non-chat junk can be
> extremely tedious.

	I got the impression that they want to capture the IM traffic and  
record it somewhere JIC they are ever audited or subpoenaed, but that  
most of it would never get looked at again.

> I understand the standard AIM client doesn't provide logging. Probably
> won't any time soon, since it wasn't made for enterprise. There are
> enterprise gateways for AIM, but I'm not sure of the cost or other
> deployment issues. (Try looking at Jabber) You should consider  
> those. Or
> a switch to a more enterprise-friendly protocol if that's possible.
>
> Other alternatives would be to use a better client. Multi-protocol
> clients like GAIM, Trillian, Miranda, and Adium X generally provide
> logging. Most provide the ability to toggle logging for specific
> sessions, thus reducing privacy issues.

	Thanks for the suggestions; I'll run them by the client. They don't  
want to do it at the individual desktop level; they want a central  
location to ensure that someone doesn't have the capability to  
disable the logging, so perhaps an enterprise gateway might be a  
better solution.

-- Ed Leafe
-- http://leafe.com
-- http://dabodev.com





From skodela at lithium.com  Wed Jul  5 22:56:04 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 02:56:04 +0000
Subject: problems with midi programming in python
In-Reply-To: <1152142575.725749.172980@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<1152142575.725749.172980@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ac6896_2@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Total godsend. Had to reverse the list but now it works perfectly.

Not only it solved the problem of longer notes but also that of rests.

If you don't terribly mind, during the development of this particular 
program , I would love to ask for help.

If that is ok with you, please reply to
sreekant UNDER_SCORE At Yahoo DhoTT Com

Thanks
sree

> Here's a snippit which does work:
> 
> def intToVarNumber(x):
> 	""" Convert INT to a variable length MIDI value. """
> 
> 	lst = chr(x & 0x7f)
> 	while  1:
> 		x = x >> 7
> 		if x:
> 			lst = chr((x & 0x7f) | 0x80) + lst
> 		else:
> 			return lst
> 
> See my program MMA for lots of ugly tricks.
> http://users.xplornet.com/~bvdp/mma
> 
> Best,
> 


From mpeters42 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 18:07:10 2006
From: mpeters42 at gmail.com (Mark Peters)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:07:10 -0700
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
In-Reply-To: <1152136501.168775.63950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7826.1152134753.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152135868.279168.10460@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7827.1152136076.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152136501.168775.63950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152137230.621670.273250@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

A quick test:

>>> try:
	f = open("foo","r")
except IOError, error:
	print errno.errorcode[error.errno]

ENOENT

It looks to me like your if statement should be as simple as:

if error.errno == errno.ENOENT:
    print os.strerror(error.errno)

Mark



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 08:48:58 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 05:48:58 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
In-Reply-To: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Fuzzyman wrote:
> Hello all,
>
> I'm trying to extract the code object from a function, and exec it
> without explicitly passing parameters.
>
> The code object 'knows' it expects to receive paramaters. It's
> 'arg_count' attribute is readonly.
>
> How can I set the arg_count to 0, or pass parameters to the code object
> when I exec it ?
>

Ok, so now I'm getting somewhere, without really knowing what I'm
doing. Using the CodeType I can create a new code object with identical
attributes, except an 'argcount' of 0.

It doesn't quite work, so I probably need to set some of the attributes
*differently*.

The code I use is :

>>> def f(x):
 ...     print x
 ...
>>> c = f.func_code
>>> CodeType = type(c)
>>> a = CodeType(0, c.co_nlocals, c.co_stacksize, c.co_flags, c.co_code,
 ...     c.co_consts, c.co_names, c.co_varnames, c.co_filename,
c.co_name,
 ...     c.co_firstlineno, c.co_lnotab, c.co_freevars, c.co_cellvars)
>>> a
<code object f at 01C707A0, file "<input>", line 1>
>>> exec a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<input>", line 2, in f
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment

(the first argument, 0, becomes the 'arg_count' attribute)

So the code object is still creating a local scope, and knows that x is
a local variable. ('co_nlocals' and 'co_varnames' ?).

I'd like to construct the code object so that it takes the parameters
from the enclosing scope (the context I pass into exec I guess),
without clobbering any local variables that may be defined in the code
object.

Anyone got any clues ?


The attributes mean (from http://pyref.infogami.com/type-code ) :

    * co_name gives the function name
    * co_argcount is the number of positional arguments (including
arguments with default values)
    * co_nlocals is the number of local variables used by the function
(including arguments)
    * co_varnames is a tuple containing the names of the local
variables (starting with the argument names)
    * co_cellvars is a tuple containing the names of local variables
that are referenced by nested functions
    * co_freevars is a tuple containing the names of free variables
    * co_code is a string representing the sequence of bytecode
instructions
    * co_consts is a tuple containing the literals used by the bytecode
    * co_names is a tuple containing the names used by the bytecode
    * co_filename is the filename from which the code was compiled
    * co_firstlineno is the first line number of the function
    * co_lnotab is a string encoding the mapping from byte code offsets
to line numbers (for details see the source code of the interpreter)
    * co_stacksize is the required stack size (including local
variables)
    * co_flags is an integer encoding a number of flags for the
interpreter.

In case anyone wonders, this is purely an experiment in creating
'annoymous code blocks'. :-)

What is a 'free variable' ?

'cell_vars' also looks interesting, but probably better not to mess
with it :-) (I guess it is only relevant for functions defined in the
code block)

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From Traveler at time.com  Sat Jul 29 13:47:13 2006
From: Traveler at time.com (Traveler)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 17:47:13 GMT
Subject: Smaple of recursive directory walker 
Message-ID: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>

Hello, 

At work I have a directory of about 50 large text files and i need to
search thru them for 10 separate words and print how many were found
in total.

I am new to python so could somebody please show me some sample code
that would help me get this done and i will work from that.

Thanks.



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 18:25:21 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:25:21 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154383573.447014.233030@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8757.1154383157.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154383573.447014.233030@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154384721.20290.77.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 15:06 -0700, northband wrote:
> Makes sense, I will follow your advice.  Sounds like more time invest
> upfront will equal time saved over the long run.  I am defitely
> interested in proxy caching and load balancing.  Which do you
> recommend?  I have used #Pound while working for a university.

I currently use Pound, mostly for proxying to virtual hosts on my shared
hosting systems, but for heavy page hits and dynamic content, Squid is
probably of more interest since Pound doesn't do caching.

Regards,
Cliff




From anthonybaxter at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 01:18:17 2006
From: anthonybaxter at gmail.com (Anthony Baxter)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 15:18:17 +1000
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
In-Reply-To: <5bctd.q4r.17.1@news.alt.net>
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net> <5bctd.q4r.17.1@news.alt.net>
Message-ID: <e69d3ed20607202218t1656465clccf60681610c2de8@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/17/06, Py PY <pythonwannabe at yahoo.com> wrote:
>
> Sorry to be a pest but is there anybody that could help me understand
> a) if any of this is a problem; and b) where I can learn how to fix it.





sudo apt-get build-dep python2.3

then rebuild.
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From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 16 12:18:57 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 09:18:57 -0700
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8237.1153063168.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153058995.513149.244080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8237.1153063168.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153066737.339311.256920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Daniel Nogradi wrote:
> > > What is the simplest way to instantiate all classes that are
> > > subclasses of a given class in a module?
> > >
> > > More precisely I have a module m with some content:
> > >
> > > # m.py
> > > class A:
> > >     pass
> > > class x( A ):
> > >     pass
> > > class y( A ):
> > >     pass
> > > # all kinds of other objects follow
> > > # end of m.py
> > >
> > > and then in another module I have currently:
> > >
> > > # n.py
> > > import m
> > > x = m.x( )
> > > y = m.y( )
> > > # end of n.py
> > >
> > > and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
> > > instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
> > > classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
> > > are subclasses of A.
> > >
> > > Any ideas?
> >
> > It's pretty easy
> >
> >
> > import m
> > from inspect import getmembers, isclass, getmro
> >
> > t = '%s = m.%s()'
> >
> > for name, class_ in getmembers(m, isclass):
> >     if class_ is m.A:
> >         continue
> >     if m.A in getmro(class_):
> >         exec t % (name, name)
> >
>
> Actually, this variant also suffers from the broken isclass implementation.
>
> (Simon, sorry for the double post.)


Not a problem,  I haven't used inspect much so I've not been bitten by
this bug before.  It's good to know!

(I would have assumed that isclass() would have been implemented as
isinstance(obj, (types.ClassType, type))  anyway.   I'm surprised it's
not,  and that it's so broken..)

Thanks.



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Mon Jul 24 11:31:59 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:31:59 -0500
Subject: list of indices
In-Reply-To: <20060724152446.GC8234@kateandchris.net>
References: <20060724151435.31874.qmail@web60322.mail.yahoo.com>
	<20060724152446.GC8234@kateandchris.net>
Message-ID: <44C4E7EF.8040900@tim.thechases.com>

>>    indices=[0,3,6]
>>    new_list=list[indices]
>     new_list = [list[x] for x in indicies]

and just as a caveat, it's generally considered bad form to 
shadow the built-in list as such...

-tkc






From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:12:35 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:12:35 -0300
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<1153673888.814425.87910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<YI6xg.2560$No6.50883@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <133xx6t6m2blb.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 13:39:20, John Salerno wrote:

> But I think the usual caveat for GUI programming is, is it necessary?
> Would it work just as well to make a website interface to do your work,
> rather than spend the time learning a GUI toolkit and creating a GUI
> app?

While I don't doubt that there are many applications that are well-suited
for web apps and that there are a number of good reasons for making some
apps web-based, why do you think web programming is /not/ GUI programming? 

If you just need a few text boxes and buttons in a table-like layout, both
are easy. If you need fancier functionality, both get a bit more
complicated. There isn't much of a difference in terms of designing the
GUI, IMO. 

(Actually, complex GUI functionality is probably easier to design to run
well in a local application. You don't have to split up the GUI
functionality between server-side and client-side and you don't have to
deal with the subtle but sometimes significant differences between
browsers.)

Gerhard



From mamadu at islamabad.net  Sun Jul  9 19:42:27 2006
From: mamadu at islamabad.net (mamadu at islamabad.net)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 16:42:27 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
Message-ID: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but would
rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am therefore looking
for a good IDE to learn Python.  On my computer I have installed eric
(http://ericide.python-hosting.com/) but it lacks any kind of useful
documentation on its use.

Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?

Many thanks

Mamadu

PS: I use Debian GNU/Linux on all my computers, a 500MHz proc, 256MB
RAM.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 20 16:41:44 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 22:41:44 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8379.1153417068.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<e9naj0	$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8365.1153395004.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44bf79c0$0$25234$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8379.1153417068.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bfe8eb$0$21603$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-20 09:40:31, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>I'm not sure, but there's one thing that has a potential to be the real
>>>issue: what's the common way to create a property that is read-write
>>>for the implementation and "read-only" for the interface? 
>>
>>class Foo(object):
>>  @apply
>>  def _imp():
>>    def fget(self):
>>      # code here
>>    def fset(self, val):
>>      # code here
>>    return property(**locals())
>>
>>  @apply
>>  def api():
>>    def fget(self):
>>      return self._imp
>>    def fset(self, val):
>>      raise SomeException('read-only, sorry')
>>    return property(**locals())
> 
> 
> Thanks a lot. This looks similar to what Steve Holden wrote. 

It's of course based on the same principle - which I bet is a very 
common pattern in Python[1]. The main difference with Steve's code is 
that I took your requirement almost to the letter: there are actually 2 
properties, one marked as implementation and read/write, the other 
public and read-only returning the value of the first one.


[1] could almost justify a PEP for a builtin ReadOnlyAttribute descriptor...

> (And yes,
> Steve, you understood exactly what I meant :)
> 
> My hunch is that this is what mystilleef might have wanted to say all
> along; it looks quite similar to what he seemed to try to express. It's
> basically the Python synonym of creating a public accessor (api) for a
> private attribute (_imp) --

It's probably the primary use case for properties. But it would be 
definitively useless to do so if what you want is read-write access.

> in this case to make the API read-only while
> maintaining the implementation read-write,

read-write but computed. The most common case (where the r/w 
implementation attribute needs no computation) is solved by Steve's example.

> but I'm sure there are other
> uses for such a structure. 
> 
> 
> 
>>Note that a read-only property named 'is_active' returning the value of
>>an attribute named '_is_active' doesn't prevent direct access to
>>'_is_active' attribute, neither from the class nor from the client code.
> 
> 
> Right; I already understood that :)
> 
> I just thought one part of this whole thread was that accessors are not
> necessary in Python.

they are not necessary for full read-write access to an existing attribute.

> However, it seems that this case -- different
> restrictions (or actions) for access from implementation vs through the API
> (which is probably one of the most common reasons for using accessors in
> other languages) -- in Python also can only be handled by adding a separate
> accessor. (This of course in Python is implemented as a computed
> attribute.)
> 
> The above illustrated technique doesn't look so different from a C++ or
> Java code with public set/getApi() accessors acting on a private imp
> attribute (or public set/getIsActive() accessors acting on a private
> isActive attribute -- to use the other, similar example that operates with
> the names this thread likes to use :)

The two mains differences are:
- no need to write the accessors if all they do is get/set a variable
- keep an attribute access syntax

Else, no, there's no fundamental difference.

> Do I seem to understand this correctly?

Looks like.



From maric at aristote.info  Tue Jul 11 10:24:19 2006
From: maric at aristote.info (Maric Michaud)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:24:19 +0200
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607111624.21096.maric@aristote.info>

Le mardi 11 juillet 2006 13:52, horizon5 a ?crit?:
> Arguments that have been presented for using <code>len(x) > 0</code> to
> test emptiness of a container include:
> ? - It's safer
> ? - Not relying on weird behaviour of the language
> ? - Explicit is better than implicit (as stated by 'this' module, Zen
> of Python)
Too bad.
From the doc :
"""
__nonzero__(  self)
 Called to implement truth value testing, and the built-in operation bool(); 
should return False or True, or their integer equivalents 0 or 1. When this 
method is not defined, __len__() is called, if it is defined (see below). If 
a class defines neither __len__() nor __nonzero__(), all its instances are 
considered true. 
"""

So, the bool(container) *is* the test for emptiness for all container in 
python.
What is weird is to not follow the semantic of the language.

'if len(container) :" means "if container's length is not zero", while "if 
container :" means "if container is empty".
Using the second is far better because a random container can implement a 
faster algorithm to test its emptiness (the __nonzero__ method for any 
container in python).


-- 
_____________

Maric Michaud
_____________

Aristote - www.aristote.info
3 place des tapis
69004 Lyon
Tel: +33 426 880 097


From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 14:02:53 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:02:53 +0100
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem(Problem Solved)
In-Reply-To: <20060720153558.97920.qmail@web53110.mail.yahoo.com>
References: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>
	<20060720153558.97920.qmail@web53110.mail.yahoo.com>
Message-ID: <e9oggq$evo$1@sea.gmane.org>

Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
[...]
> Dear All,
> 
> I changed the mode of the files before copying them.
> So the problem is solved as follows:
> 
> SOLUTION:
> 
> def runCCCC(self, event):
>         cmd_out = self.A_com()
>         if App.runF != "":
>             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
>       
>             for item in App.runF:
>                 os.chmod(item, 0700)
>                 shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')   
>           
>             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
>             os.system(cmd)
>             for root,dir,files in
> os.walk("C:\copiedFiles"):
>                           
>             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
>         else:
>             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")    
> 
Just be careful with those string constants: you should really be using 
either 'C:\\copiedFiles' or r'C:\copiedFiles'. No problems at the moment 
because "\c" isn't a defined escape sequence, but if your directory name 
had begun with a "t", for example, you'd have got a tab after the colon.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 07:55:32 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:55:32 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153992652.553618.223250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c796fb$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153992652.553618.223250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c8a9b5$0$8244$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Kay Schluehr wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>>Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?
>>
>>I mean : write a parser and interpreter for a DSL. In Ruby.
> 
> 
> It is this kind of stuff Rubys talk about when they mention "DSLs in
> Ruby":
> 
> http://www.artima.com/rubycs/articles/ruby_as_dsl.html
> 
yes, I know - embedded DSLs.

FWIW, after a *quick* glance at this article, I haven't seen anything
that seemed undoable nor even difficult to do in Python - it all boils
down to reading an ini-like file and creating a stub source-tree from it.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 30 11:45:50 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:45:50 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnecpl1e.cqh.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-30, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-30 09:54:14, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>> Aren't you looking too much at implementation details now?
>
> Possibly, but at this point I'm still trying to understand how Python does
> these things, and what the useful abstraction level is for me. I also still
> have very little experience how I'll put the things we've been discussing
> here into (Python) practice. While not new to programming, I'm new to
> Python.
>
>> AFAIU, one can also build a C++ class hierarchy that with some small
>> limitations in used operators, would have semantics very similar to
>> Python. Would you argue that those using such a C++ class hierarchy would
>> no longer be using variables in C++?
>
> Probably not. But for me it's mostly about useful terminology, not
> necessarily "correct" terminology. In order to talk about correct
> terminology, we'd have to use a common definition of "variable". This is a
> term so widely used that I'm not sure there is a useful single definition
> of it; do you know one?

A name in a scope to which is attached some value/object. Now whether
this attachment is in the form of storage or binding is IMO not
that important.

> In any case, the following doesn't seem to be implementation detail (and
> rather a part of the language), but it's not really understandable with a
> C++ concept of "variable":
>
>>>> a=3
>>>> id(a)
> 3368152
>>>> b=a
>>>> id(b)
> 3368152
>>>> b=4
>>>> id(b)
> 3368140
>
> You don't expect the "identity" of the variable b to change with a simple
> assignment from a C/C++ point of view.

That depends on what you call the identity. If I had to translate this
into C++ it would be something like:

  int *a, *b;

  a = MakeInt(3);
  b = a;
  b = MakeInt(4);

AFAIU, you can wrap these int pointers into some kind of class, so that
they behave as you would expect integers to behave. The id(a) would just
return a, the address of where the integer is stored.

Now whether this is helpfull or not for you in understanding the python
behaviour, I don't know. So if you think this is mixing to many things
I'll drop it.

> You also don't expect the "identity"
> of a and b to be the same after assigning one to the other. You can create
> C++ classes that behave like that (you can implement Python in C++ :),

I'm sorry but IMO you there is no connection between those two.
C doesn't have classes, yet you can still implement Python in C.

> but
> that doesn't mean that you expect C++ language constructs to behave like
> that.

If you have implemented it with that purpose, you do.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From darkpaladin79 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 17:05:56 2006
From: darkpaladin79 at gmail.com (Ivan Shevanski)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:05:56 -0400
Subject: When writing text. . .
Message-ID: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>

Hey I'm pretty new to python and I have a question.  I'm trying to write:
"[BOOT]
run=C:\windows\aawin.bat"

in my win.ini
So I went about it like this:

win = open('C:\windows\win.ini', 'a')
win.write('[BOOT]')
win.write('\n')
win.write('run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')

I expected that to work, but instead of C:\windows\aawin.bat I get
run=C:\windowsawin.bat. . .
I assume /a is a code for  like /n is for a newline, is there a way to fix
this?


Thanks in advance,


-Ivan
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From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 08:36:13 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 05:36:13 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02><1152455761.317770@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152534973.177322.169700@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Learning Python, Perl, or Ruby would help you create admin scripts that
would save you lots of manual work. For me automated log file alerting,
SQL query parsing, SQL table updates, Internet file
uploading/downloading, etc. has been a huge plus. Perl is likely the
most widely used in terms of existing scripts that you can review,
modify, borrow ideas from, etc.

But from a long term maintainability and readability standpoint I would
recommend Python or Ruby over Perl. Just my $0.02...

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:
> I thank everybody for your replies.
> I think I'll get Hertland's book since it's newer than O'reillys.
> I don't want to become a programmer. Neither Python is part of my studies.
> I've finished with my studies. I want to become a Unix/Linux admin and
> knowledge of either Python or Perl is an asset.
> Do you think that this book is the right one for me?
> Ioannis



From nospam at nospam.com  Tue Jul 11 18:46:06 2006
From: nospam at nospam.com (3c273)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:46:06 -0700
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com> <44b424d4$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <e919np0jo2@enews3.newsguy.com>


"John Machin" <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote in message
news:44b424d4$1 at news.eftel.com...
> You appear to know what a switch is. I'm therefore surprised that you
> appear not to
> know that the convention is that any program that uses
> command-line switches should do something informative when run with a -h
> switch.
>
Doh! Me thinks Windows at work "python /?" (No good!), Linux at home
"python -h" (Ah ha!). I still think it should be in the docs somewhere.
Thanks.
Louis




From pipehappy at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 04:55:01 2006
From: pipehappy at gmail.com (pipehappy)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 01:55:01 -0700
Subject: know reference name in instance
Message-ID: <1152262501.704832.110080@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Hello:

Is it possible for an instance know its name used by other part of
program.  I mean like this:

class test:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

when some one writes

x = test()

then one of attribute of x contain the name "x"

Is it possible?

I expect someone can tell me how to do it.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 25 03:06:24 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 08:06:24 +0100
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:35:50 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
> 
>>It is surprising in the sense that binding seems not to be necessary for
>>read access. 
>>
It does, I would agree, seem a little counter-intuitive that assignment 
(or binding) forces the name to be considered local. That's just one of 
Python's features.
> 
> 	Binding is the process of attaching the LHS NAME to the OBJECT that
> is RHS result.
> 
> 	Python does not use the "mailbox model" of variables. In the mailbox
> model (think of a post office sorting table, or the customer boxes in
> the lobby), each "box" has one, and only one, name.
> 
> 	A = B
> 
> means "take the contents of box B, make a copy of those contents, leave
> the original contents in B, and put the copy into box A"
> 
> 	Python has what I refer to as the "Post-It Note Model".
> 
> 	A = B
> 
> means "find the box that has a post-it note with 'A' (if there isn't
> one, get a blank note and put 'A' on it), take that post-it note and
> move it to the box that already has a post-it note with 'B' ". Notice
> that this means that THAT box (the object) NOW has TWO Post-It notes,
> each with a different "name".
> 
I've never really understood the value of the "Post-It" analogy. Despite 
the fact that it allows you to explain that objects can have several 
names, it doesn't really help in explaining that the names themselves 
live in particular namespaces and have lifetimes largely independent of 
the objects to which they refer.

It really seems easier (to me) to explain that names are references or 
pointers to values, and that the names live in scopes that can disappear 
(for example when a function or method returns). This also allows one to 
explain that a function can return references to (one or more) objects, 
and if those references are saved by the caller then the lifetime of the 
referenced object(s) can be longer than the lifetime of the namespace in 
which they were originally created.

> 	Lists/dictionaries/tuples, etc. complicate this a small bit. What
> you now have is the "object" (the box with the name of the list on it)
> having a lot of pieces of "string" -- each string is stuck to a post-it
> note with the final object. This is why
> 
> 	A[1] = B
> 
> is not a rebinding of A. It looks for the box with the post-it of A,
> then gets the second (0 is first) "string" and follows that string to
> the post-it it is stuck on... That end of the string is then moved to
> the post-it with the name B

Well here I'd rather simply say that references can also be saved in 
container objects, with all the same implications as when they are saved 
in names.

This is explained extremely well in Ascher and Lutz's "Learning Python" 
(at least in my first edition copy) using diagrams that make it obvious 
how objects are created and what their lifetimes are likely to be.

All this business about Post-It notes and pieces of string seems 
artificial in the extreme, not to say a little unhelpful. Maybe I've 
just been programming too long ...

Perhaps you'd like to try explaining argument passing in terms of 
Post-Its? That might be amusing ;-)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From john at castleamber.com  Mon Jul 17 18:06:45 2006
From: john at castleamber.com (John Bokma)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:06:45 GMT
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
References: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns9802D223BB355castleamber@130.133.1.4>
	<vn3mb210n0fhcaspqi6r3m6v594v60allv@4ax.com>
	<Xns980311E5BE4C1castleamber@130.133.1.4>
	<1153160012.819167.142930@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9803AE138335Acastleamber@130.133.1.4>

bigskipster at gmail.com wrote:

> If you think a simple script is going to fool adsense then you trully
> need to read some books.

If it happens a lot, Google will consider it an attempt of click fraud 
IMO. Doesn't matter if it's really high tech. I have heard too many 
stories from people who got kicked out of AdSense to even consider Google 
doing really smart stuff.

Finally calling wget a simple script means that I have read more books 
then you, *and* can teach you from the ones you suggest I should read ;-)

-- 
John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
                           personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
        Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
            Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 06:54:13 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:54:13 -0700
Subject: python logging module problem
In-Reply-To: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152788053.932184.176780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> import os, sys, logging
>
> logger = logging.getLogger("my_app")
>


I tried this code:

import logging, sys

# set up logging to file - see previous section for more details
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s
%(message)s',
                    stream=sys.stderr)

# define a Handler which writes INFO messages or higher to the
sys.stderr
console = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# set a format which is simpler for console use
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s')
# tell the handler to use this format
console.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handler to the root logger
#logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
logging.RootLogger(console)#.addHandler(console)

# Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the
root...
logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')
logging.debug('Ritesh raj Sarraf.\n')


With this it seems to be working halfway.
logging.debug() works perfect. But logging.info() is inheriting the
settings of logging.debug(). For example it is using logging.debug()'s
formatter while displaying. :-(

Ritesh



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 15:13:43 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:13:43 -0500
Subject: numeric/numpy/numarray
In-Reply-To: <e8u7mc$33f$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <mailman.6948.1150178797.27775.python-list@python.org><1150188484.888977.189510@y43g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.6968.1150207151.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hgwwnm.lhpxrs1gkfp6N%aleax@mac.com>
	<e8u7mc$33f$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8u8t2$7ie$1@sea.gmane.org>

Terry Reedy wrote:
> "Alex Martelli" <aleax at mac.com> wrote in message 
> news:1hgwwnm.lhpxrs1gkfp6N%aleax at mac.com...
>> I'll voice a heretic thought: me, I'm sticking with good old Numeric
>> until the situation with the newer packages settles down.
> 
> Not much of a heresy, I think.  The numpy site recommends that *new* users 
> start with numpy but I don't remember the numeric/numpy folks recommending 
> that happy, experienced numeric users dump it yet.  The current development 
> version of numpy is still labelled as a development version (0.9.8, I 
> believe) and besides bug fixes, it still made a few tweeks in the user 
> interface and C-API from the previous version.  They are aiming to release 
> a stable NumPy 1.0 by the end of the summer.  Then maybe they will start 
> pushing it, along with a compatible array interface for Python.

My tactic in answering Numeric questions on this list has been to give the numpy 
answer if the asker seems new to the field and give the Numeric answer *and* the 
(obviously superior) numpy answer otherwise.

But that's mostly my natural politeness and tact (quit laughing. I can hear you 
sniggering back there!). We definitely *do* want old hands at Numeric to give 
numpy a try now. It's difficult to find the bugs, work out the transition 
headaches, and make the right design decisions without feedback from you.

We are trying to get out a 1.0b1 in a couple of weeks. Hopefully, we can get to 
1.0b2 by the SciPy conference in mid-August. If you've been holding off on 
trying numpy, the 1.0 betas will be the perfect time to jump in. It will also be 
your last chance to get your 2 cents in.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From http  Mon Jul 24 21:45:36 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 18:45:36 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<44C502EC.7080802@mvista.com> <ea32sv$f4n$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8484.1153765373.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xodvejw3j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
> > Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you
> > research the history of this design decision in the language you
> > should discover there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing
> > arbitrary "threadicide".
> >
> Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven
> communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a
> message, stops everything, and processes the message. --

There is in fact some under-the-covers mechanism in CPython (i.e.
one you can call from C extensions but not from Python code) to
raise exceptions in other threads.  I've forgotten the details.
There has been discussion at various times about how to expose
something like that to Python code, but it's been inconclusive.  E.g.:

http://sf.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=105470&aid=502236&group_id=5470 


From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 09:44:59 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 06:44:59 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1153999602.669156.89690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
	<1153997300.286168.186800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153999602.669156.89690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154007899.715720.30440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Paul Boddie wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > Sibylle Koczian wrote:
> > > John Machin schrieb:
> > > >
> > > >     base.commit()
>
> [...]
>
> > > That's not really fair, because transactions were added to MySQL only a
> > > short time ago (at least to the default table type). There simply hasn't
> > > yet been time for every experienced MySQL user to get hit by the need to
> > > commit things.
>
> This is mentioned in the MySQLdb FAQ:
>
> http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=32070&group_id=22307
>
> The default behaviour has been changed to match the DB-API standard,
> which probably matches the normal behaviour on most mainstream
> relational database systems.
>
> > As I said earlier, I don't use MySQL. I wasn't aware it didn't have
> > transactions -- what did people use it for, then?  So is the upshot is
> > that he should thump himself for using a DBMS w/o transactions,
> > perhaps?
>
> Some awareness of common practice would certainly be beneficial.
> Attempting to insert data into PostgreSQL, Oracle, sqlite and so on
> would produce similar results to those described. The principal
> difference is that with MySQL (and presumably with things like
> Microsoft Access' storage engine that no-one takes seriously anyway),
> everyone has been able to get away with ignoring transactions and
> considering such behaviour as normal (or not even considering that
> anyone really uses anything which does anything else), and this
> obviously affects software governed by such assumptions.
>
> I suppose it's unfortunate for anyone who was using MySQLdb prior to
> release 1.2.0, especially if the software didn't give any obvious
> run-time warnings (not that I can say whether it did or not), but the
> MySQL-centric culture of ignoring/ridiculing stuff they don't support
> (and then eventually supporting it, in this case) is probably most to
> blame if we have to point the finger.
>
> Paul

Thanks for the thumping, will try harder next time.
_________________________________________________

 Thanks for commit comment i think that whats i need.
_________________________________________________

I think you should support people rather than pay them out despite
thier Ignorance.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:01:50 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:01:50 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:25:48 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
>>Python...
> 
> 
> E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly.

Ok, this is one of the few restrictions - builtin types. Yeah. Have
something more convincing ?

> Ruby is so
> flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
> Languages.

Yes, Ruby is not bad at *embedded* DSLs. Nor are Lisp and Python and
Smalltalk and a few others too. Now embedded DSLs all have the same
limitation: they are just a specialisation of an existing
general-purpose language - so you have to deal with the host language's
syntax. Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From codeshepherd at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:36:31 2006
From: codeshepherd at gmail.com (Deepan Chakravarthy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 22:06:31 +0530
Subject: prompt auto complete and history
Message-ID: <1152549391.5387.18.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Hi,
 I am using fedora core 5. I would like to have auto complete in python
prompt and  history. How do i get it enabled ? i have .pystart file
and .pyhist file setup.
thanks
Deepan 
www.sudoku-solver.net/sudokusolver.html 
www.codeshepherd.com 





From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul 12 08:43:23 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 22:43:23 +1000
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Wed, 12 Jul 2006 05:17:30 -0700, cz wrote:

> Hi there,
> 
> I'm sure there is a very simple solution for my question, I just didn't
> find it up to now.
> I'm using a badly documented module and therefore need to find out
> about how to access the elements in a list.

Er, the same way you would access the elements in any other list?

mylist[0]
mylist[1:5]

etc.


Perhaps you need to rephrase your question.


-- 
Steven.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 11:53:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:53:10 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
(snip)
> 
> Okay, I feel I need to make myself clear. I certainly I'm not blaming
> Python for my mistakes. And I don't think language X is better than
> Python or vice-versa. Okay scrap the vice-versa. It was silly of me to
> name the variable tmp regardless of whatever excuses I have. This also
> doesn't mean in the future I wouldn't use shitty names for my
> attributes. :-) I most likely will. But at least now I know how to
> minimize its impact of such carelessness. I mentioned them above but I
> repeat it hear again.
> 
> 1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .

Please re-read my answer to your previous mention of this and my other
remarks in this thread (and below in this thread) about the profound
differences between Python and Java wrt/ object model and attribute
access semantics.

> 2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> think about making it a property

Unless you don't need to.

> and name the property well, 

Indeed !-)

> Other than that we are just arguing semantics of language. For example,
> your view of objects is by categorizing its attributes in callable and
> non-callable.

And also API/implementation. These are to orthogonal problems - even in
Java FWIW !-)

> However, my categorization is state(data) and
> behavior(methods). 

If properties are an equivalent of getters/setters, are properties state
or behaviour ? According to your views, they are behaviour, if I
understood you. In that case, what's the difference between 'directely'
(which in fact implies going thru __getattribute__) accessing a public
"data" attribute and accessing an implementation attribute by the mean
of a descriptor (property or custom) ?

* before:

# mylib.py
class Knight(object):
   def __init__(self, name):
     self.name = name

   def sayHello(self):
     print "hello, I'm %s" % self.name

# mymain.py
from mylib import Knight
k = Knight("Robin")
print k.name
k.sayHello()
k.name = "Lancelot"
k.sayHello()

* after
# mylib.py
class Knight(object):
   def __init__(self, name):
     self.name = name

   @apply
   def name():
     def fget(self):
        return self._xxx.capitalize()

     def fset(self, name):
        self._xxx = name

   def sayHello(self):
     print "hello, I'm %s" % self.name

# mymain.py
from mylib import Knight
k = Knight("Robin")
print k.name
k.sayHello()
k.name = "Lancelot"
k.sayHello()



> Neither ways of thinking about it is wrong.

>From the client code (including other methods of the same class) POV, is
Knight.name behaviour or state ? Please, don't see it as a flame or a
pissing context or whatever, and try to seriously answer this question.

Thinking in terms of state and behaviour is certainly not wrong in
itself, but what is state and what is behaviour ? If I pass a callable
as an argument to another callable, is the first one data or behaviour ?
If I return a callable from a another callable, is the first callable
data or behaviour ?  In a Partial application object [1], is the stored
callable data or behaviour ? Is the class of an object data or
behaviour? Is it's metaclass data or behaviour ?

[1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0309/


> It just
> reflects the way we design classes. When I'm coding I certainly don't
> care about how Python accesses tmp. 

Neither do I. But I have in mind how I can change the way it is accessed.

> What I do care about is how to
> change tmp without breaking code left, right and center and the
> facilities Python provides for making my code robust.

cf Simon's answer and mines. But your original problem is not related to
tmp being callable or not, it's related to how you use to think about
them, hence name them.

> Most other OO
> languages provide accessors in addition to keywords for that kind of
> stuff.

Most OO languages *don't* provide you accessors - they indeed *forces
you* to write them even for the most trivial cases. What Python (or any
other language supporting "computed attributes" syntax) gives you is a
way to avoid writing tedious, boilerplate code. Not more, not less.

> I knew it wasn't Pythonic, but I wanted to know the Pythonic way
> to do it. So I asked. My query does not automatically suggest Python
> sucks. Neither those it suggest that Java or other OO languages are
> better. I asked because I sincerely wanted to know the Pythonic way
> handling issues like that.

Mark as implementation what is obviously implementation (be it callable
or not), mark as API what is obviously API (be it callable or not). In
both cases, there will be simple ways to either expose an implementation
name or make a non-callable attribute a property. And *always* try to be
careful about naming, at least (but not restricted to) wrt/ your API.



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:19:44 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:19:44 -0700
Subject: building/installing python libs/modules...
In-Reply-To: <1151783748.516924.297800@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7693.1151782438.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151783748.516924.297800@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151785184.347616.37110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> Here is a click and go installer built for Windows that I found from
> Google.
> http://users.skynet.be/sbi/libxml-python/binaries/libxml2-python-2.6.22.win32-py2.4.exe

Oops! That is for libxml2, not libxml2dom.



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul  9 17:16:11 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 23:16:11 +0200
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <1152460915.363598.268980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<1152460915.363598.268980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8rrmj$4i0$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

faulkner wrote:
> you want a directory watching daemon. it isn't hard at all to build
> from scratch.
> first, determine which directories should be watched.
> then, os.walk each directory, building a mapping from filename to mtime
> [modified time; os.path.getmtime].
> next is your main event loop. this while loop consists of os.walk-ing
> each directory again, comparing the current mtime to the corresponding
> entry in the mapping. if they differ, or if a filename isn't in the
> mapping, something happened, at which point you can logick out whether
> a file was moved, deleted, changed, or created.
> 
> so many folks have looked for this that i'll just write a generic one
> and put it in the cheeseshop. look for "dirmon" in about a week.

Yes, I _know_ about it and exactly this knowledge is the reason I am 
looking for tracking single file system related _events_ as I expect a 
professional operating system like Windows to provide such service. If 
there is none, this will be sure a severe reason to go for Linux if it 
has such one instead of going for a SVN server or special file systems 
if there are any.

Has someone experience with SVN handling million(s) of files?

The problem is, that brute force applied to large amount of 
files/directories is not a convenient way to backup/synchronize the few 
new/changed/deleted/moved files/directories multiple times a day as the 
brute force approach just makes the hard drive(s) unnecessary wasting 
much energy and getting hot.

Claudio Grondi
> 
> 
> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>>I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but
>>as I would like to know the history of past file operations from within
>>a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was into it
>>already and is so kind to share here his experience.
>>
>>I have put already much efforts into this subject googling around, but
>>up to now in vain. Best option I encountered yet is usage of
>>the Greyware 'System Change Log' service which monitors disks for
>>changes (http://www.greyware.com/software/systemchangelog/index.asp),
>>but in own tests it turned out, that the created log file does not cover
>>all file events as e.g. it is not possible to detect when a file is
>>moved to a new directory (creation of a new file is logged, but deletion
>>is not, not mentioning I would expect a file 'move' event).
>>The own Windows logging service rejected to start on my XP SP2 system
>>for unknown to me reasons - I don't know how to get it to work (yes, I
>>have used the administrator account).
>>
>>I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000
>>or XP it is not possible to track file events as:
>>
>>- updating/modifying of an existing file/directory
>>- deleting an existing file/directory
>>- creating a new file/directory
>>- _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the
>>event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)
>>
>>Any hints towards enlightenment?
>>
>>Claudio Grondi
> 
> 


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  9 04:52:21 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 10:52:21 +0200
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8qg44$d15$1@sea.gmane.org>

seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:

> Suppose a C extension locally built an array of PyObject* 's as
> follows...
> 
> my_array = malloc(n * sizeof(PyObject*));
> for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
>        my_array[i] = PyList_New(0);
> }
> 
> Q1: Must I do a Py_DECREF(my_array[i]) on all elements
>       before exiting this C extension function?

if you're releasing my_array before existing, yes.

> (What if the elements got used in other objects?)

if other parts of your program storing pointers to the elements in your 
array, those parts must make sure to increment the reference count when 
copying the pointer.

that's the whole point of reference counting, of course: the count for 
an object should, at all times, match the number of *active* references 
your program has to that object.

> Q2: Must I do free(my_array); at end of function??

unless some other part of your program holds on to it, of course you 
have to release it.  it's a bit surprising that you have to ask this, 
really -- any C tutorial should explain how malloc/free works.

> What if my_array[i]'s are used in other objects so that I can't
 > necessarily just nuke it!!!

if those other objects do proper reference counting, everything will 
work find.  if they don't, your program will crash sooner or later, no 
matter what you do in the function that allocates my_array.

</F>



From claird at lairds.us  Fri Jul  7 10:16:19 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 14:16:19 +0000
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or
	assistance sought
References: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1152274914.324079.22880@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ju62o3-p81.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1152274914.324079.22880 at s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>,
 <beliavsky at aol.com> wrote:
>Ray Tomes wrote:
>> Hi Folks
>>
>> I am an old codger who has much experience with computers
>> in the distant past before all this object oriented stuff.
>> Also I have loads of software in such languages as FORTRAN
>> and BASIC, QBASIC etc that is very useful except that it
>> really doesn't like to run on modern operating systems and
>> has hopeless graphics resolution and lack of ease of use in
>> some ways.
>
>The Fortran code, which I assume is Fortran 77 or earlier, should run
>fine on "modern operating systems" using free (g77, g95, or gfortran)
>or commercial compilers.
>
>> My desire is to get all the facilities available in my
>> old programs working in a modern platform with flexible
>> and high-res graphics and easy to use. Ideally I might
>> find some good coders that are interested in the subject
>> who would assist me, alternatively some help in getting
>> started because there is so much info and so many resources
>> and libraries etc that I don't know where to start.
>>
>> My package will have the following capabilities:
>> 1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
>> 2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
>> 3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
>> dozens of functions.
>
>Fortran 90 and later versions have array operations, as does NumPy. You
>could convert parts of the FORTRAN code to F90
>
>> 4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
>> 5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
>> 6. Built in functions to include:
>> FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
>> multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
>> I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.
>>
>> The applications of the package include:
>> 1. Analysis of time series data from many branches of science.
>> 2. Economic / business models including forecasting.
>> 3. Markets, stocks, commodities forecasting.
>> 4. Interdisciplinary causal analysis.
>> 5. Many more
>
>There exist public domain codes for many of the topics you mention, and
>I think several are part of NumPy. Many statistical algorithms are in
>R, for which the underlying C and Fortran code is available. I suggest
>that you identify which of your algorithms are not publicly available
>and focus on those, making an R package of them. I am interested in
>MESA. Then you can exploit the R graphics and language (called S) and
>have your work easily accessible to many users.
>

The original poster has received much good advice.  I'll reinforce
a couple of points:
1.  Flexibility, high usability, and appealing
    graphics indeed are worth the effort.  They
    can be achieved withOUT object orientation,
    though, and you absolutely should consider
    modernization of your existing *BASIC, 
    Fortran, and so on.  Don't let lack of a
    compiler block your progress; I'm sure we
    can help locate appropriate ones for you.
2.  Python is indeed a great vehicle for this
    sort of work, as I've argued in the past
    <URL: http://phaseit.net/claird/comp.programming/open_source_science.html >.
    For your particular circumstances, though,
    I applaud Mr. Beliavsky's suggestion that
    you look into R <URL:
    http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-sc16.html >.
    You might get even quicker satisfaction,
    with a somewhat lower long-term ceiling,
    through Yorick <URL: http://wiki.tcl.tk/yorick >.

I understand that you were thinking in terms of enlistment of fellow
developers.  You might well be best off, though, with another round
of research and experimentation on your own.


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Thu Jul 20 14:05:35 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 20:05:35 +0200
Subject: wx.ListCtrl - I do not see the inserted item
Message-ID: <44BFC5EF.5020603@designaproduct.biz>

This is a ListCtrl descendant:

class MegaListCtrl(wx.ListCtrl):
     <more code here....>

    def InsertImageStringItem(self, index, label, imageIndex):
        imageIndex = 
self.imagelists[wx.IMAGE_LIST_SMALL].GetIndexByName(imageIndex)
        print index,imageIndex,label,imageIndex
        super(MegaListCtrl,self).InsertImageStringItem(index, label, 
imageIndex)

     <more code here....>

Here I create the list control instance:

        lst = self.lstExtTables = MegaListCtrl(pnl,-1,style=wx.LC_REPORT)
       
        info = wx.ListItem()
        info.m_mask = wx.LIST_MASK_TEXT | wx.LIST_MASK_IMAGE | 
wx.LIST_MASK_FORMAT
        info.m_image = -1
        info.m_format = 0
        info.m_text = _("Table name")
        lst.InsertColumnInfo(0, info)      
        sizer.Add(lst,proportion=1,flag=wx.EXPAND)

     <more code here....>

Here I try to add some items:

            if not extdbdef is None:
                for tblref in extdbdef.tables:
                    tbl = tblref()
                    if not tbl is None:
                        print str(tbl.name)
                        lst.InsertImageStringItem(sys.maxint, 
str(tbl.name), 'table')


This is the output of the program:

C:/Python24/pythonw.exe -u  "T:/Python/Lib/mess/utils/DbSchemaDesigner.py"
client
2147483647 248 client 248
jn_client
2147483647 248 jn_client 248


However, the ListCtrl displays empty. I can see the gray column header, 
but it has not text. The two items are probably added, because 
InsertImageStringItem did not raise an exception, but the items are not 
visible.

Do you have an idea what can be the problem?

Thanks,

    Laszlo



From cdecarlo at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 07:44:05 2006
From: cdecarlo at gmail.com (cdecarlo at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 04:44:05 -0700
Subject: Oracle DBI Module? Recommendations
Message-ID: <1152013444.939104.290300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I'm planning on starting some database work on an Oracle 9i database,
any suggestions on which module I should use.

>From the python.org website I see that the options are:

 - DCOracle2
 - cx_Oracle
 - mxODBC

Any help would be appreciated but please, support your answers somehow.

Thanks for the help,

-Colin



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Mon Jul 10 11:05:02 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:05:02 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneavvo7.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<b800b21h4vlbhpiqri9didndne4p6dgk49@4ax.com>
	<slrneb2aau.r05.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7iobrg.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb4110.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2mzbhmrfl.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> I'm sorry to see you missed it, but since I had answered this already in
>AP> this thread I saw at the moment no need to repeat it: There would be no
>AP> value for c, the line would raise an UnboundLocalError.

OK. That could have been chosen. But that would mean that instead of c.a =
b, where c is bound in a non-local scope, you have to write something like:

cc = c
cc.a = b

I don't find that useful.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From listserver at tdw.net  Thu Jul 20 12:36:49 2006
From: listserver at tdw.net (Tim Williams)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:36:49 +0100
Subject: text representation of HTML
In-Reply-To: <B47506715.245.31501.1@mx-extra>
References: <mailman.8329.1153303761.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<B47506715.245.31501.1@mx-extra>
Message-ID: <9afea2ac0607200936n6e99ebf4x6d0aae1e48395f8e@mail.gmail.com>

On 20 Jul 2006 15:12:27 GMT, Duncan Booth <duncan.booth at invalid.invalid> wrote:
> Ksenia Marasanova wrote:
> > i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
> > to do it automatically from HTML source.
> > Any hints?
>
> Use htmllib:
>
> >>> import htmllib, formatter, StringIO
> >>> def cleanup(s):
>     out = StringIO.StringIO()
>     p = htmllib.HTMLParser(
>         formatter.AbstractFormatter(formatter.DumbWriter(out)))
>     p.feed(s)
>     p.close()
>     if p.anchorlist:
>         print >>out
>         for idx,anchor in enumerate(p.anchorlist):
>             print >>out, "\n[%d]: %s" % (idx+1,anchor)
>     return out.getvalue()
>
> >>> print cleanup('''<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br
> />test</p></div>''')
>
> Title
>
> This is a
> test
> >>> print cleanup('''<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test with <a
> href="http://python.org">a link</a> to the Python homepage</p></div>''')
>
> Title
>
> This is a
> test with a link[1] to the Python homepage
>
> [1]: http://python.org
>

cleanup()  doesn't handle script and styles too well.  html2text will
do a much better job of these and give a more structured output
(compatible with Markdown)

http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/html2text/

>>> import html2text
>>> print html2text.html2text('''<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br
/>test with <a href="http://python.org">a link</a> to the Python
homepage</p></div>''')

# Title

This is a
test with [a link][1] to the Python homepage

    [1]: http://python.org


HTH :)


From pipedreamergrey at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:38:04 2006
From: pipedreamergrey at gmail.com (PipedreamerGrey)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:38:04 -0700
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
Message-ID: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm using the script below (originally from http://effbot.org, given to
me here) to open all of the text files in a directory and its
subdirectories and combine them into one Rich text
file (index.rtf).  Now I'm adapting the script to convert all the text
files into individual html files.  What I can't figure out is how to
trigger a change in the background value for each folder change (not
each file), so that text is color-coded by folder.

I have tried to integrate the following snippet into the directory
walker, so that I could later write it to the file as text: color =
random.choice(["#990000", "#CCCCCC", "#000099"])
That method didn't work, does anyone else have a suggestion?


#! /usr/bin/python
import glob
import fileinput
import os
import string
import sys

index = open("index.rtf", 'w')

class DirectoryWalker:
    # a forward iterator that traverses a directory tree, and
    # returns the filename

    def __init__(self, directory):
        self.stack = [directory]
        self.files = []
        self.index = 0

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        while 1:
            try:
                file = self.files[self.index]
                self.index = self.index + 1
            except IndexError:
                # pop next directory from stack
                self.directory = self.stack.pop()
                self.files = os.listdir(self.directory)
                self.index = 0
            else:
                # get a filename, eliminate directories from list
                fullname = os.path.join(self.directory, file)
                if os.path.isdir(fullname) and not
os.path.islink(fullname):
                    self.stack.append(fullname)
                else:
                    return fullname

for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
    # divide files names into path and extention
    path, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
    # choose the extention you would like to see in the list
    if ext == ".txt":
        print file
        file = open(file)
        fileContent = file.readlines()
       # just for example, let's say I want to print the color here as
if in an html tag...
        index.write(color)
        for line in fileContent:
            if not line.startswith("\n"):
                index.write(line)
                index.write("\n")

index.close()



From mensanator at aol.com  Tue Jul 18 16:53:07 2006
From: mensanator at aol.com (mensanator at aol.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:53:07 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153255987.189867.306980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


T wrote:
> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
>
> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>   print line

I was running a program in IDLE that opened a file for
reading and forgot to add the close.

The program ran and terminated normally.

But when I tried to open it from Windows Explorer,
I got the message that it was still in use. Had to close
IDLE to release it. That wouldn't have happened if I had
closed it from within the program.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 16:22:25 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:22:25 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153598684.779984.264260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c09536$0$14330$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153596630.775936.224130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c27f5d$0$19026$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153598684.779984.264260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c28755$0$17408$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

danielx a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>danielx a ?crit :
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>danielx wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>danielx wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>(snip)
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>>>Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
>>>>>>>learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
>>>>>>>virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
>>>>>>>(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
>>>>>>>interactive Python.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>...and source code...
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>*shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
>>>>
>>>>Compared to machine language, Python source code is really abstration.
>>>>
>>>
>>>And machine language is an abstraction of pushing electrons around
>>>circuits. I'm not sure I see your point, unless it is simply that
>>>Python is easier than asm.
>>
>>Python is very hi-level, and very often well-written Python code is it's
>>own better documentation.
> 
> 
> Yes, Python is very easy to read, but who's supposed to be reading it?
> Maintainers or users?

In an ideal world, nobody !-)

> I'm really against code acting as its own
> documentation. 

I'm really for it, because :

> Of course the code is authoritative,

indeed.

> but should we
> really EXPECT it to serve as a reference to users??

Unless you're able to maintain a good, accurate and always up to date 
documentation, you can be sure users (ie other programmers) will turn to 
the code. Also, there are cases where even a pretty good doc is not 
enough, and you really have to turn to the code to know for sure how to 
best implement something.

FWIW, reading source code can be very instructive...



From http  Tue Jul 25 21:57:01 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 18:57:01 -0700
Subject: Missing rotor module
References: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>
	<1153855346.385380.320400@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xmzaxb02a.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> writes:
> Unfortunately rotor has been deprecated but it hasn't been replaced
> with anything reasonable as far as encryption goes -- there are just a
> bunch of hashing funtions (sha, md5) only. If you need to replace rotor
> all together I would sugest the crypto library from:
> 
> http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html
> 
> It has  good encryption algorithms like AES, IDEA and others.

If you want something in pure Python that's easy to use, there's also:

  http://nightsong.com/phr/crypto/p3.py

Its security should be better than rotor and its speed is not too
terrible.  However, if you're looking to replace rotor in a production
application you should stick with something more standard,
i.e. AES-based.


From Clay_Culver at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 12 16:45:34 2006
From: Clay_Culver at yahoo.com (Clay_Culver at yahoo.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 13:45:34 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
Message-ID: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I need to find out if an object is a class.  Using new style classes
this is very easy:

class Test(object): pass

obj = Test
   or
obj = Test()

if type(obj) == type:
    # this is a class object..
else:
    # this not a class object

But this fails for old style classes.  For example:

class OldStyleObject: pass

>>> type(OldStyleObject)
<type 'classobj'>

But I have no way of comparing the return value to anything:
>>> type(OldStyleObject) == classobj
Error, classobj not defined!

Since this is all duck typed, I have no idea what the class will be
passed in as, so I can't just compare the raw object.  I have a
solution for this:

if str(type(Test)).find('classobj') != -1:
    # this is a class object

Which is quite simply awful...does anyone know of a better way to do
this?



From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 23:23:33 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 20:23:33 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
In-Reply-To: <xI2dnXZ0gYtUIljZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153809894.854676.213100@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<xI2dnXZ0gYtUIljZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <1153884213.044419.236670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Erik Max Francis wrote:
> I believe the module you're referring to is `linecache`.

Thanks, Erik. That's what I get for posting on my way out of work :)

-alex23



From larry.bates at websafe.com  Tue Jul 11 13:48:49 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 12:48:49 -0500
Subject: os.access() problem
In-Reply-To: <1152630354.206058.11920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152630354.206058.11920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B3E481.2090104@websafe.com>

Phil Schmidt wrote:
> I just got a new PC with Windows XP, and I want to run Leo on it. Leo
> uses the os.access() function to check for read-only files. For some
> reason, os.access(<filename>, os.W_OK) always returns false.
> 
> I wrote a 2-liner Python script to just test os.access on any file.
> I have tried this with Python 2.4 and 2.5b1.
> I have uninstalled and re-installed Python and Leo.
> I have fiddled with file permissions on the target files as well as on
> the Python installation itself.
> I have used cacls to check the access control lists (and although I'm
> not exactly certain what to do with this information, it appears to be
> ok - I think).
> 
> None of the above has helped me to identify or fix the problem.
> 
> A scan of the Python newsgroup suggests that os.access() may not be the
> best way to check for read-only, but the discussion is a bit deeper
> than my understanding, so I'm not sure there's anything to it in this
> case.
> 
> I realize this must be a Windows permissions thing, but I just can't
> figure it out. I'm no expert in Windows security beyond basic
> permissions, so I could be missing something simple. Can anyone offer
> any suggestions?
> 
> Thanks,
> Phil
> 
I just tested on Windows XP with ActiveState Python 2.4.1 and it works
as expected.

>>> import os
>>> os.access(r'c:\output.txt', os.W_OK)
True

Changed file to read-only

>>> os.access(r'c:\output.txt', os.W_OK)
False
>>>

FYI, Larry Bates


From yacaowang at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 17:50:50 2006
From: yacaowang at gmail.com (Yacao Wang)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:50:50 +0100
Subject: Type signature
Message-ID: <9e35b83d0607221450q393d0dcej8e39c38b062bd6aa@mail.gmail.com>

Hi, I'm a newbie to Python. I've recently read some books about this
language and none of them have answered my question.
As a dynamically-typed language Python doesn't need any form of type
signature which makes the syntax very clean and concise. However, type
signatures are not only a kind of information provided for the compiler, but
also for the programmer, or more important, for the programmer. Without it,
we have to "infer" the return type or required agument types of a function,
and this can't be done without seeing the implementation of it, and
sometimes it is still difficult to extract the above information even if the
implementation is available. Haskell can also determine type information
dynamically, but it still supports and recommends the programming style with
type signatures, which makes the code very readable and maitainable. As I
understand, Python relies too much on run-time type-checking, that is,
whenever you give the wrong type, you just end up with an exception, which
is logically correct, but not that useful as type signatures.
Any ideas on this issue?

-- 
Alex
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From gdamjan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 20:21:36 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 02:21:36 +0200
Subject: threading+ftp+import => block
References: <44c4ca96$0$11791$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44c6b26a$0$15782$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <44c6b556$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

Damjan wrote:

> Panard wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>> I'm experiencing a strange problem while trying to manage a ftp
>> connection into a separate thread.
>> 
>> I'm on linux, python 2.4.3
>> 
>> Here is a test :
>> ------ ftp_thread.py ------
>> import ftplib
>> import threading
>> import datetime
>> 
>> class test( threading.Thread ) :
>>         ftp_conn = ftplib.FTP("localhost","user","pass")
>>         def run( self ) :
>>                 print self.ftp_conn.pwd()
>>                 self.ftp_conn.dir("/")
>>                 print datetime.date.today()
>> def t() :
>>         t = test()
>>         t.start()
>>         t.join()
>> t()
>> -------
>> 
>> If I do :
>> $ python ftp_thread.py
>> /
>> drwxrwsr-x   2 panard   ftp          4096 Jul 24 12:48 archives
>> 2006-07-24
>> ==> Works perfectly
>> 
>> But :
>> $ python
>>>>> import ftp_thread
>> /
>> <program block>
> 
> This has been documented in the blog posts titled "How well you know
> Python" (find it on google)
> 
> The problem is that, once you run "import ftp_thread" a lock is set in the
> Python interpreter, so then you can't start a new thread... (this from the
> back of my mind).

Actually, testing with
class test( threading.Thread ) :
    def run( self ) :
        print 'Hello'

instead of your test class, didn't show this anomally... actually the
problem is that "import ftp_thread" sets a lock on *importing* other
modules and I thing that the call to "self.ftp_conn.dir("/")" deep down in
the ftplib module tries to "import re" and that's where it hangs.

You could try to move the "import re" in ftplib to the top of the module,
and submit a patch to the Python bug system.



Here's a simpler test class that hangs:

import threading
class test(threading.Thread):
    import string
    print 'Step one'
    def run(self):
        import re
        print 'Hangs before this when this file is imported'

def t() :
    t = test()
    t.start()
    t.join()
t()



-- 
damjan


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 09:03:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 15:03:02 +0200
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153429339.476830.208630@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf9c0a$0$13534$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429339.476830.208630@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c0d087$0$21606$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:
>>(snip)
>>
>>
>>>Python's lambda really can't be as powerful as Lisp's because Python
>>>does not have expressions that do case analysis (this is not lambda's
>>>fault, of course ;). The reason is that you really want to put each
>>>case on its own set of lines.

An expression can span several lines.

> This enhances readability at the expense
>>>of terseness. Since Python's statements are terminated by a newline, 

or by a ';'

> it
>>>would be rather awkward to have a kind of expression where good style
>>>calls for it to be spread out accross multiple lines.

I must be pretty dumb, but I don't see how this relate to the problem of
case analysis in lambda expressions ?

>>>You can try to simulate these kinds expressions using into a list or
>>>dictionary, but this becomes rather messy. I think the only way to get
>>>this done properly is to use eval. For example:
>>>
>>>def recursiveFunction(args):
>>>  ...  # do stuff...
>>>  choices = { True:"0", False:"recurisveFunction(newArgs)" }
>>>  return eval( choices[predicate] )
>>
>>Why do you want to use eval here ?
>>
>>
>>>The reason that you need eval is that you want to prevent any cases
>>>from being executed until you decide which one you want.
>>
>>What about:
>>
>>def recursiveFunction(args):
>>    ... # do stuff...
>>    ... # that defines 'newArgs' and 'predicate' of course ...
>>    return (recursiveFunction, lambda x: 0)[predicate](newArgs)
> 
> 
> Sure, that works, but don't take things so literally.

Sorry for being pragmatic !-)

> For instance, if
> you have a bunch of cases, you might not way to apply the same set of
> arguments to all of them.

return {
  'case1' : lambda: someFunc(args1),
  'case2' : lambda: someFunc(args2),
  'case3' : lambda: someOtherFunc(args1, arg42),
}.get(predicate, lambda: 0)()

Still no need for eval()...

Now of course there are limits to the exercice, and we're still far away
from ML-like pattern matching or Lisp 'case' forms. As you noted, Python
is a statement-based language, not an expression-based one like Lisp.
This makes a definitive difference.

> Also, let's not get distracted from the main point about how doing case
> analysis in an expression is ugly,

Ugliness is in the eyes of the beholder <wink>

> making lambda's weaker in Python
> than in the language which inspired them.

The fact is that Python "lambdas" are *not* Lisp lambdas. Python
"lambdas" are mostly a handy trick to turn a *simple* expression into a
 closure - and definitively not a basic building block of the language.

Daniel, I of course do agree that Python lambdas are nothing near Lisp
lambdas - FWIW, Python is not Lisp neither -, but that looks like an
apple and banana comparison to me... IMHO, the most obvious problem with
Python lambdas is the word "lambda" !-)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 13:44:42 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:44:42 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> >>>Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> >>>>>changed by the object.
> >>>>
> >>>>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
> >>>>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
> >>>>completely self-contained in their behavior.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.
> >>
> >>Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
> >>ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
> >>changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
> >>by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
> >>coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?
> >>
> >
> >
> > Are you serious?
>
> Deadly serious. But I'm afraid you're still missing the point.
>
> > Well, you design an object that serves as a mediator.
> > All objects can then only interact with themselves and the mediator
> > only. Via signals, objects learn to automatically adjust their states
> > and respond to events.
>
> signal -> message -> method call -> change state.
>
> Spell it how you like, add as many indirection levels you want, it still
> boils down to the fact that *something* triggers the state change.
>

Riiiiight!

> > This is just one of several methods you can
> > dramatically reduce coupling.
>
> It's just one of several methods that dramatically increases complexity,
> without changing anything to the fact that in the end, *practically*,
> some object ObjA changes its state as a response to a message sent by ObjB.
>

Say that to game/simulation developers.

> > I'm sure glad I didn't burn my book.
>
> No comment.
>
> >
> >>>>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
> >>>>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
> >>>>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
> >>>>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
> >>>>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
> >>>>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
> >>>state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.
> >>
> >>Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ?
> >
> >
> > That's language dependent.
> >
> >
> >>Given the existence of
> >>"computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
> >>hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
> >>default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
> >>the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
> >>when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?
> >>
> >
> >
> > I'm not advocating anything.
>
> cf below on this.
>
> > I'm just stating the use case for
> > accessors and the wisdom behind them. My qualm with implicit accessors
> > remains the name issue.
>
> The "name issue" is *your* problem. And AFAICT, it's a "problem" because
> you refuse to free your mind from a "what's in the book" mindset.
>

What book are we talking about?

> >
> >>>>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
> >>>>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
> >>>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
> >>>>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.
> >>>>
> >>>>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
> >>>>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
> >>>>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
> >>>>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
> >>>>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
> >>>>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
> >>>>difference.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
> >>
> >>Indeed.
> >>
> >>
> >>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> >>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
> >>
> >>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
> >>
> >>(snip)
> >
> > I never advocated anything.
>
> You advocated
> """
> 1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
> 2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> think about making it a property and name the property well, because
> you never know...
> """
>

You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
That's not advocacy, that's common sense.

> >
> >>>State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.
> >>
> >>The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
> >>what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.
> >>
> >>
> >>>It
> >>>is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
> >>>it is because I thought is was common knowledge.
> >>
> >>It is.
> >>
> >>
> >>>And behaviors are not
> >>>just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.
> >>
> >>Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
> >>this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
> >>methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
> >>behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
> >>  the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
> >>and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
> >>implementation-dependant.
> >>
> >
> > I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
> > and not language dependent semantics.
>
> Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
> private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>

Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
object's internal data and thus crashing your system?



From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:07:20 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:07:20 -0700
Subject: How can I access the 'Entry' string in another function?
Message-ID: <1151993240.681919.297130@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

hi all,
i've created the myclass instance and calles the "function second()".
i want to access the text entered in 'w' through Entry widget in
"function third()"
i am getting the 'fuction not having 'w' attribute error.
how to overcome it?


class myclass:
    senter='arvind'

    def __init__(self):
        return None

    def third(self):
        self.senter=self.w.get()
        print senter

    def second(self):
        top=Tk()
        frame=Frame(top)
        frame.master.title("second")

        strobj=StringVar()
        w=Entry(top)

        b1=Button(top,text='Next',command=self.third)

        w.grid()
        b1.grid()
        frame.grid()
        
        mainloop()



From jurgenex at hotmail.com  Mon Jul 10 21:44:30 2006
From: jurgenex at hotmail.com (Jürgen Exner)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 01:44:30 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <1149829487.457604.17510@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1149863687.298352.45980@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk> <4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net>
	<7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk>
	<MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net>
	<1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net>
	<1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net>
	<4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <2oDsg.14592$Wh7.11783@trnddc07>

David Hopwood wrote:
[...]

There is no such error message listed in 'perldoc perldiag'.
Please quote the actual text of your error message and include the program 
that produced this error.
Then people here in CLPM may be able to assist you.

jue 




From orsenthil at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 13:08:59 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:08:59 -0700
Subject: Howto Determine mimetype without the file name extension?
In-Reply-To: <1153234816.667054.149610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153230805.606595.189140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234816.667054.149610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153242539.159717.145950@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Justin  Azoff wrote:
> Additionally, I would re-organize your program a bit. something like:
>

Thanks Justin, that was a helpful one. Helping me in learning python
programming.

Thanks,
Senthil



From lists at videonetwork.org  Mon Jul 24 13:38:29 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:38:29 +0100
Subject: Exercises for dive into python
In-Reply-To: <loom.20060724T182806-862@post.gmane.org>
References: <1153748196.7439.5.camel@localhost.localdomain>
	<loom.20060724T182806-862@post.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <1153762710.7439.23.camel@localhost.localdomain>

On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 16:39 +0000, Tal Einat wrote:
> Ben Edwards (lists <lists <at> videonetwork.org> writes:
> 
> > 
> > Have been working through Dive Into Python which is excellent.  My only
> > problem is that there are not exercises.  I find exercises are a great
> > way of helping stuff sink in and verifying my learning.  Has anyone done
> > such a thing?
> > 
> > Ben
> > 
> 
> 
> I recently gave a Python crash-course in my company, and ran into the same
> problem. There are many good Python tutorials, manuals, references etc., most
> are accompannied by various code examples, but there are very few exercises. I
> had a hard time collecting and inventing a few good exercises, about 12 in all.
> 
> There are probably some good exercises out there, but they seem to be relatviely
> hard to find. Maybe they should be collected and organized at Python.org?

That sounds like an exelent idea.  Maybe the way to structure it is my
book/chapter. 

> 
> I think building a large collection of good Python exercises could help both
> those teaching Python and those learning it. Also, gathering a set of Python
> exercises for those learning general programming concepts (variables, functions,
> object-oriented, etc.) could help spread the use of Python for teaching
> programming.

I think there is little doubt about this.  The reason I liked the
'Thinking in Java' book was it had 10 exercises at the end of each
chapter.  I would not more onto a chapter until I had completed them
all.

Ben

> 
> - Tal
> 




From dpickles at pacbell.net  Mon Jul 17 16:46:06 2006
From: dpickles at pacbell.net (dylpkls91)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:46:06 -0700
Subject: XMLRPC Solution Code
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

costello.bob at gmail.com wrote:
> Mind posting it for us lesser beings? ;)

Not at all. I have yet to test it on networked computers, but it works
fine when I run both scripts on my machine.

The hard part now is getting the server code to run as a Windows
service- argh!!!
I can get it installed and started using modified code from:
http://www.schooltool.org/products/schooltool-calendar/documentation/how-to/running-as-a-windows-service/schooltool-service.py/view

but for some reason when the server is a service the client refuses to
connect properly!
Grrr... anybody know why?

Here is the code for the server, the machine that will execute the
commands:

import SimpleXMLRPCServer, os
server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
server.register_function(lambda command: os.popen4(command)[1].read(),
"execute")
server.serve_forever()

And here's the code for the client, the computer that will tell the
server what command to execute:

import xmlrpclib
server = xmlrpclib.Server("http://" + raw_input("Enter the IP address
of the server: ") + ":8000")
output = server.execute(raw_input("Enter a command for the server to
execute: "))
print output



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:22:26 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:22:26 -0700
Subject: Missing rotor module
References: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <1153855346.385380.320400@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Unfortunately rotor has been deprecated but it hasn't been replaced
with anything reasonable as far as encryption goes -- there are just a
bunch of hashing funtions (sha, md5) only. If you need to replace rotor
all together I would sugest the crypto library from:

http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html

It has  good encryption algorithms like AES, IDEA and others.

I know it doesn't have rotor, because rotor is not a very good
encryption algorithm -- I still don't know why it was ever included in
Python. So refactor your code if you can to use AES for example.

But of course if you have bunch of data encrypted with rotor that your
program need to decrypt you can use this replacement found on
mail.python.org:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-January/261304.html
It is much slower because it was written in Python while the original
rotor was in C, and I am not sure if it is _exactly_ the same.

Good luck,
Nick V.


rony steelandt wrote:
> I'm in the midle of porting a python 1.5 application to 2.4
>
> I just discovered that the rotor encryption module isn't part anymore of
> the 2.4 distribution.
>
> Is there a way to add this module to 2.4, or what would be the simplest
> way to replace this.
> The existing application makes use of the rotor module everywhere, which
> means in a lot of modules.
> 
> Thanks for any ideas
> 
> Rony



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:49:22 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 13:49:22 GMT
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <CVssg.2434$No6.49892@news.tufts.edu>

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:
> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.
> I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> Any recommendations?
> Ioannis
> 

I definitely recommend Learning Python (2nd ed.) from O'Reilly.

Despite what some may say, I do *not* recommend Beginning Python 
(Apress) because it moves too quickly for a beginner and doesn't explain 
everything fully.


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Thu Jul 20 05:24:40 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 21:24:40 +1200
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <e9ni3e$eq4$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <12blgl1t9egsqb8 at corp.supernews.com>, Grant Edwards wrote:

> If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
> socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
> socket will raise an exception.

Would that still apply when trying to send an empty string?


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul  3 09:31:54 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 15:31:54 +0200
Subject: Tkinter function variable passing
References: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><mailman.7716.1151909467.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151923978.749598.117750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8b68a$h13$1@sea.gmane.org>

"arvind" <arvind.mulay at gmail.com> wrote:

> thanx for replynig.
> but functios are independent
> and the button is inside one of the functions.
> will u please reshape ur code and send it to me?

where do I send the invoice ?

</F> 





From volker_grabsch at v.notjusthosting.com  Tue Jul 18 13:09:33 2006
From: volker_grabsch at v.notjusthosting.com (Volker Grabsch)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 17:09:33 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>

Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> schrieb:
> PTY wrote:
>> I was asking whether it was better style to
>> use len() or not.
>
> FWIW, it's also more generic (you could have an object supporting
> pop() but not __len__()), less error-prone,

While I agree with all other points, I don't think that it's less
error-prone. See my other posting where I worked out this a flaw
of Python.


Greets,

    Volker

-- 
Volker Grabsch
---<<(())>>---
Administrator
NotJustHosting GbR


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:20:44 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:20:44 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On 26 Jul 2006 08:16:21 -0700, aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com wrote:
> 
> 
>>>E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly. Ruby is so
>>>flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
>>>Languages.
>>
>>This, of course, is really cool if you are working
>>all by yourself on a dissertation or something,
>>but can be completely disasterous if you are
>>actually working with other people who need to
>>know what the expressions of the programming
>>language mean and do. 
> 
> 
> This should not be problem in real life. Look at Ruby on Rails. This is
> excellent example of DSL in action.

As Ben Bangert notices, if Rail's a DSL, then so are a lot of Python
frameworks and librairies:
http://www.groovie.org/articles/2005/12/08/is-rails-a-dsl-what-is-a-dsl-and-is-it-possible-in-python


> Rails uses customized Ruby to create
> very friendly web framework. So there is no possible to create such simple
> and friendly framework in other language than Ruby (and Smalltalk which has
> the same feature)

May I suggest that you learn some Lisp dialect ?

> Of course, I you like, you can freeze every object you want and nobody can
> be able to open and change it. You can also trace all activity for changing
> something to objects because Ruby has nice system hooks implemented.

__getattribute__ / __setattr__ / __delattr__

And of course import hooks.

> Ruby
> has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
> attributes,

This is not "security", this is data-hiding. And IIRC, Ruby's attributes
are always private - just like in Smalltalk FWIW.

> objects freezing, system hooks). In past Python had Bastion
> module (http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-Bastion.html) but it was
> rejected and now Python has nothing.

Seems like Zope is not doing so bad...

> Java guys can favor Ruby also because
> of its security.

s/security/orthodox object model/ IMHO.

Jaroslaw, don't take me wrong, I really think that Ruby is a really nice
language (while not as mature as Python when it comes to implementation
and libraries). But I'm afraid that all your arguments here are nothing
more than the usual Ruby/Rails hype.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:42:37 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:42:37 -0700
Subject: Problem when import C model
In-Reply-To: <1151919449.671545.191000@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151919449.671545.191000@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151919757.675347.213140@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

this is more of a linux question than a python question, so you may get
better luck with asking there.

What you describe makes perfect sense to me.  If python is a 64 bit
program, it can only link to 64 bit libraries.  If you compiled your
library in 32-bit mode, then the library headers will indicate this,
and linux's library loading code will ignore it when loading libraries
for 64-bit programs.

I think there' might be a trick that lets you compile ELF files with
both 64-bit and 32-bit code, but actually doing so is outside of my
expertise.
baileyxia at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi, all
> I am learning how to import c code in python.
> Here is my simple code foo.c:
> =====================
> #include <Python.h>
> void bar()
> {
>   printf("Hello! C wrap!");
> }
> static PyObject *foo_bar(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
> /* Do something interesting here. */
>   bar();
>   Py_RETURN_NONE;
> }
> static PyMethodDef foo_methods[] = {
>   { "bar", (PyCFunction)foo_bar, METH_NOARGS, NULL },
>   { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
> };
> PyMODINIT_FUNC initfoo() {
>   Py_InitModule3("foo", foo_methods, "My first extension module.");
> }
> =====================
> I use gcc to compile the foo.c:
> gcc -shared -I/usr/local/python/2.4.2/include/python2.4 -fPIC foo.c -o
> foo.so
>
> Problem is:
> I can import foo on linux 64-bit platform if I also run gcc on linux
> 64-bit platform.
> But I can not import foo on linux 64-bit platform if I run gcc on linux
> 32-bit platform.
> Here is the error messege:
> =====================
> traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> ImportError: ./foo.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or
> directory
> =====================
>
> I can not figure out what cause this problem. wrong gcc option? wrong
> python code?



From martin at v.loewis.de  Thu Jul 27 03:05:31 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:05:31 +0200
Subject: builtin function compile exceptions thrown?
In-Reply-To: <1153932479.374787.230890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153932479.374787.230890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c865bb$0$16227$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

James Thiele wrote:
> What exceptions (if any) can the python builtin compile() function
> throw besides SyntaxError?

- TypeError, if the parameters are wrong/too many/too few
- Any errors that a codec may raise, if there is an encoding
  declaration, plus (pre 2.5) MemoryError if the encoding is
  unknown.
- MemoryError, if you run out of memory
- SystemError, for various internal-error conditions

Regards,
Martin


From alisonken1 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 16:37:03 2006
From: alisonken1 at gmail.com (alisonken1)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 13:37:03 -0700
Subject: simple dbus python problem ... please help
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.29.00.36.23.290500@ubuntu-desktop.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.29.00.36.23.290500@ubuntu-desktop.com>
Message-ID: <1154205423.849032.259350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


bob wrote:

<snip>

> bus = dbus.Bus (dbus.Bus.TYPE_SYSTEM)
> hal_service = bus.get_service ('org.freedesktop.Hal')
> hal_manager = hal_service.get_object ('/org/freedesktop/Hal/Manager',
>                                       'org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager')
>
<snip>

It appears that bus.get_service() has been deprecated and deleted.

Not sure about the changes, so anyone else who can help please jump in.



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 26 06:07:12 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 03:07:12 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

> >
> > do you mean 'configparser'?
>
> Yes.
>
> > Does it generate objects from the config file automatically?
>
> It generates a representation of the config file as a Python object
> composed of sections and options. The documentation should get you started.

Hiya, you might be interested in this alternative config parsing
program:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html

seems to offer a bit more than configparser

Dave



From seagle0128 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 13:20:15 2006
From: seagle0128 at gmail.com (Vincent)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 10:20:15 -0700
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
In-Reply-To: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154366415.016118.262200@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I think you should use thread.
I just write a similar program using thread. It works well
You can try it, good luck!



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Fri Jul 14 07:17:26 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 04:17:26 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8152.1152852576.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152823534.371539.138430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8152.1152852576.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152875846.501299.232700@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


skip at pobox.com wrote:
> Gerard> David Hirschfield wrote:
>     >> I have this function:
>     >>
>     >> def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
>     ...
>     >>
>     >> Which takes a list of numerical values "l" and splits it into chunks
>     >> where each chunk is sequential...
>
>     Gerard> see the groupby example here:
>
>     Gerard> http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html
>
> I've never been a fan of the operator module, so I find the example in the
> docs ugly even though it's succinct.  I'd also never used groupby but
> thought it was the solution to the problem.  As I was walking home from the
> train I realized how it would work.  You beat me to the punch with your
> reply, but I'll post my solution anyway:
>
>     from itertools import groupby
>
>     class Counter:
>         def __init__(self):
>             self.last = None
>             self.value = True
>
>         def __call__(self, val):
>             if self.last is not None and self.last+1 != val:
>                 self.value = not self.value
>             self.last = val
>             return self.value
>
>     for key, group in groupby([1,2,3, 5,6, 8, 12,13,14], Counter()):
>         print list(group)
>

I've no strong feelings about the operator module myself, or the
groupby example, but I do prefer your code in this case.  I tweaked it
a little to take into account the stride, though I'm not sure it gives
what the OP wants.

all the best

Gerard

-----------------------------

class Counter:
    def __init__(self, stride=1):
        self.last = None
        self.value = True
        self.stride = stride

    def __call__(self, val):
        if self.last is not None:
            d = val - self.last
            if d > self.stride:
                self.value = not self.value
        self.last = val
        return self.value

def group(data,stride=1):
    for key, group in groupby(data, Counter(stride)):
        yield list(group)

-----------------------------------



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 13:50:47 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:50:47 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.18.07.27.25.208881@gmx.net>
	<12bpvlee2ajsi00@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8303.1153237974.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12bq7rn4opf9lb1@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:

>> That said, "for pete's sake" is probably a just an cleaned up
>> version of "for god's sake", so I probably did call pete god.
>
> No, actually you called god pete ;-)

Well that's certainly wrong, because we all know god's name is
Howard.

   Our father who art in heaven,
   Howard be thy name,
   ....   

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  .. I have a
                                  at               VISION! It's a RANCID
                               visi.com            double-FISHWICH on an
                                                   ENRICHED BUN!!


From zetalimit at charter.net  Sun Jul 23 12:48:41 2006
From: zetalimit at charter.net (switzerland qunatium computer)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:48:41 -0700
Subject: Don't you hate it when your bed squeaks?
Message-ID: <1153673321.102891.44860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Don't you hate it when your bed squeaks?

http://www.beyond-science.com



From tgiles at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 09:08:41 2006
From: tgiles at gmail.com (tgiles)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 06:08:41 -0700
Subject: Converting argv to variable
Message-ID: <1153573721.313812.150510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

(now that I've posted in the wrong flipping newsgroup the first thing,
here's my question to the lovely python folks)

I've taken a year off (or so) using Python and the first thing I run
into utterly stumped me. Been too long and none of the searches I've
done seems to have helped any.
Basically, I'm trying to create a little script which will make a new
directory, using the argument passed to it to give the directory a
name:

#!/usr/bin/python

import sys, os

newDirectory = str(sys.argv[1:])

currentPath =  str(os.getcwd())

create =  currentPath + '/' + newDirectory

print create

# os.mkdir(create)

Now, in a perfect universe I would get an output something like the
following (if I run the script with the argument 'python':

/Volumes/Home/myuser/python

However, Python still hangs on to all the fluff and prints out
something else:

/Volumes/Home/myuser/['python']

I know there must be some way to convert the argument to a 'normal'
variable, but it escapes me how to do so. Any pointers? 

Thanks! 

tom



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 27 11:40:41 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:40:41 GMT
Subject: import question on wx ?
In-Reply-To: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> I have installed wx and everything looks fine. I have written a small
> app that uses wx.
> 
> When I run my program from the console like
> ubuntu $ python PROGRAM_NAME.py
> 
> it gives error
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "Project.py", line 6, in ?
>     import wx
> ImportError: No module named wx
> 
> 
> But if I run the program from SPE (Stani's Python Editor) it just runs
> fine.

It could be that the Python version you are using to launch the app from 
the console is the preinstalled version on your system and therefore 
wxPython wasn't installed into that version. Do you have multiple 
versions of Python installed? Probably SPE is using the other version 
which *does* have wxPython in it.


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 13:43:15 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:43:15 -0700
Subject: Piping external commands
References: <ghbob21ed4qqg6llpl617tiifbcs1onogu@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153244595.202258.269140@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

saibotorama at gmail.com wrote:
> What is the Python translation for this Bash statement:
>
>   tar cf - "${files[@]}" | bzip2 > "$file".tar.bz2
>
> (Ignoring the fact that "tar cjf" also exists...)
>
> In other words, how does one pipe together arbitrary commands?

For piping subcommands check out the subprocess module, especially
http://docs.python.org/lib/node242.html , for bzip2 check out the bz2
module http://docs.python.org/lib/module-bz2.html , but note, there's
also a tarfile module http://docs.python.org/lib/module-tarfile.html
which can handle bzip2 as well.

HTH,
~Simon



From ashaa811 at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 11:05:42 2006
From: ashaa811 at yahoo.com (ashaa811)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:05:42 -0000
Subject: Interesting Python/PHP position open in NYC
Message-ID: <e9lho6+v7d3@eGroups.com>


Hey there!

My name is Amy and I am currently working on an interesting full time
Python/PHP position open in NYC for a company that has developed an
innovative new platform to deliver news on websites.

A major chunk of their work is built on a Python platform and they are
looking an experienced developer who can work with a mixture of Python
and PHP on a Linux platform and build a large-scale system for exposing
information and for supporting a global community.

Qualifications
? BS or advanced degree in Computer Science or other technical field
? 5+ years experience in software engineering
? A track record of successful, shipped, projects
? Expertise with consumer facing data-driven web applications
? Excellent all-around coding skills, with fluency in at least in
one of Python, c, or c++
? Knowledge of Python not required, but a major plus
? UNIX experience, with Linux on x86 a plus

You must be fired up by consumer facing products, and crave building the
part of the application that humans touch and see. You should have a
nose for usability (particularly what's usable for Mom and Dad).

If you are interested, please send me a copy of your resume in Word/text
format at Amy at sap8.com <mailto:Amy at sap8.com> .

Thanks!

Amy Shah
Sr. Technical Recruiter
Shulman Fleming & Partners
O: (646) 285-0500 x214
C: (732) 485-1740
Amy at sap8.com <mailto:Amy at sap8.com>



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From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 00:25:29 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 23:25:29 -0500
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
In-Reply-To: <7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <ea1i3e$kqr$1@sea.gmane.org>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Paul Rubin <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> writes:
>>    n = log(c, 1-p) - 1
> 
> I meant    n = log(c/p, 1-p) - 1
> sorry.

import random
from math import ceil, log

def geometric(p):
   """ Geometric distribution per Devroye, Luc. _Non-Uniform Random Variate
   Generation_, 1986, p 500. http://cg.scs.carleton.ca/~luc/rnbookindex.html
   """

   # p should be in (0.0, 1.0].
   if p <= 0.0 or p > 1.0:
     raise ValueError("p must be in the interval (0.0, 1.0]")
   elif p == 1.0:
     # If p is exactly 1.0, then the only possible generated value is 1.
     # Recognizing this case early means that we can avoid a log(0.0) later.
     # The exact floating point comparison should be fine. log(eps) works just
     # dandy.
     return 1

   # random() returns a number in [0, 1). The log() function does not
   # like 0.
   U = 1.0 - random.random()

   # Find the corresponding geometric variate by inverting the uniform variate.
   G = int(ceil(log(U) / log(1.0 - p)))
   return G

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From caseyhHAMMER_TIME at istar.ca  Thu Jul 20 23:41:29 2006
From: caseyhHAMMER_TIME at istar.ca (Casey Hawthorne)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 03:41:29 GMT
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
Message-ID: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>

Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"

The and-or conditional expression trick from page 41 of "Dive into
Python"

Wrap the arguments in lists and then take the first element.

>>> a = ""
>>> b = "second"
>>> (1 and [a] or [b])[0]
''

--
Regards,
Casey


From luismgz at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 17:02:51 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 14:02:51 -0700
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


John Salerno wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
> > Bayazee wrote:
> >
> >> i want a free hosting for python .
> >> so i can make my scripts and upload to server .
> >> i want to use mod_python ...
> >
> > good luck with that...
>
> p.s. you might look into http://dollar-hosting.org/
>
> it's very cheap and supposedly supports mod_python, although i could
> never get it to work, so some effort and communication with them might
> be required...

I'm curious, why it didn't work?
I sent them an email recently, asking about mod_python support, and
they replied afirmatively, and very quickly. They also said that they
can install other scripts on demand.
But I never tried them though...
I'd like to know more about your experience with this hosting, if
possible.

Thanks!
Luis



From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 11:04:43 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 12:04:43 -0300
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153596758.673005.234110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <f56wnblv05mq$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-22 16:32:38, danielx wrote:

>>>> ...and source code...
>>>
>>> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
>>
>> Abstraction as you seem to use it requires complete docs of the interface.
>> Which is what you said you don't have... So the original abstractor broke
>> the abstraction when publishing insufficient docs, not the one who looks
>> into the sources to find out what actually happens.
> 
> Absolutely. I didn't mean the user was breaking abstraction (let's not
> blame the victim). I was saying that we should really have more
> sympathy for him.

I have all the sympathy in the world for him... after all, he's me :)

But one reason why I try to write (and insist on as much as possible from
people writing for or with me) self-documenting code is that wherever you
have documentation and code separated (which is the case of API docs), you
can bet (without losing) that sooner or later code and doc will diverge.
This has a probability that approaches 1 :)

So, I agree with you that good API docs are a good thing, as they tell me
everything I need to know without having to wade through tons of
implementation details that may be interesting but don't serve my immediate
need (of having to use the API). But reality seems to be (and mine so far
definitely is) that these docs, even the good ones, are not completely in
alignment with the reality of the code. (We all know that code has bugs...
and the API always describes, at best, how the code /should/ work. It never
describes how it actually works, including the bugs <g> (this
notwithstanding the bugs that have been elevated to features and henceforth
been described in the API docs).

So... the final authority /is/ the code. I don't see an alternative. For
me, good abstraction doesn't mean I don't have to read the sources; good
abstraction means (among other things) that I can read the sources easily.

Gerhard



From http  Wed Jul 12 06:40:40 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 03:40:40 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <mailman.8064.1152699102.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xhd1n3y3b.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Kerry, Richard" <richard.kerry at siemens.com> writes:
> The hash is not expected to be unique, it just provides a starting point
> for another search (usually linear ?).  

The database is good at organizing indexes and searching in them.  Why
not let the database do what it's good at.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 02:56:17 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 08:56:17 +0200
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97f6f$is3$1@sea.gmane.org>

seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:

> Now it would appear that if you **malloc an array of PyObjects**
> (call it FOO[]) then you have an ambiguity....
> 
> The PyObject elements will be freed *for us* eventually by garbage
> collector.
 >
> Hence, we can't ever do 'free(FOO); ' because we don't know when
> garbage collector will free FOO[0], FOO[1], FOO[2], etc.

you're not quite getting how reference counting works.  the fact that 
you have a pointer to a Python object stuffed away somewhere is 
completely irrelevant to the Python garbage collector; all it cares 
about is the reference count of the object itself.  if the reference 
count is not zero, someone somewhere might have a pointer to the object,
so the object must be preserved.  if the reference count drops to zero, 
nobody is supposed to have a pointer anymore, so the object can be removed.

if you use malloc to allocate a memory block and store PyObject pointers 
in it, you must

1) make sure that the reference count is *incremented* (Py_INCREF) when 
you add the objects (unless the object is new; when you create an 
object, the reference count is set to 1).  this tells Python that you 
have a pointer to an object that you plan to use some time in the future.

2) make sure that the reference count is *decremented* (Py_DECREF) if 
you remove the objects  (this tells Python that *you* won't access the 
object any more; if nobody else uses it either, it can safely be removed).

required reading:

     http://docs.python.org/api/objects.html

</F>



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Tue Jul 11 10:59:46 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:59:46 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <C1Psg.56632$181.30396@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> 
>>Maybe I'm not understanding what you mean by "complete". Of course any
>>type system of this expressive power will be incomplete (whether or not
>>it can express conditions 3 to 5), in the sense that it cannot prove all
>>true assertions about the types of expressions.
> 
> Ah.  I meant complete enough to accomplish the goal in this subthread, 
> which was to ensure that the compiler knows when a particular int 
> variable is guaranteed to be greater than 18, and when it is not.

I don't think that placing too much emphasis on any individual example is
the right way of thinking about this. What matters is that, over the range
of typical programs written in the language, the value of the increased
confidence in program correctness outweighs the effort involved in both
adding annotations, and understanding whether any remaining run-time checks
are guaranteed to succeed.

Look at it this way: suppose that I *need* to verify that a program has
no range errors. Doing that entirely manually would be extremely tedious.
If the compiler can do, say, 90% of the work, and point out the places that
need to be verified manually, then that would be both less tedious, and
less error-prone.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 17:04:12 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:04:12 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>
Message-ID: <1153256652.118174.238080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thomas Bartkus wrote:
> "T" <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote in message
> news:1153252214.457508.269880 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> > Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> >
> > for line in file('foo', 'r'):
> >   print line
>
> Are you asking if you can get away without closing it?
> Or are you asking if it is a good idea to not close it?
>
> Good programming practice says that if you open it - you close it.
>
> And stay out of trouble ;-)
> Thomas Bartkus



How do I close the file in the above case?



From reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid  Sun Jul  2 20:06:48 2006
From: reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid (Rene Pijlman)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 02:06:48 +0200
Subject: classes and interfaces
References: <1151401318.703216.288850@x69g2000cwx.googlegroups.com>
	<44a1101c$0$9623$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <6snga257tt3drgqqqf8efkej524pjjfhd5@4ax.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers:
>Java interfaces are a workaround

Troll alert.


From heuristic at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 04:16:27 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:16:27 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <44A9D99A.50705@anansispaceworks.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44A9D99A.50705@anansispaceworks.com>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607040116r223b3d6cvaee52b4c784f87c9@mail.gmail.com>

> >  Do you really want "smarmy" here? I don't think it works. Don't you
> >  mean "flip" or "smart-alecky" or "facetious"?
>
> Hmm. I think the word we're looking for here is "snarky". ;-)
>
> Although, I confess to ignorance on what a "snark" is or whether
> it is particularly known for brief self-consciously clever sarcastic
> responses.
>
> I sympathize with the shared-hosting problem, that's a major pain.
> I would say 'go find a virtual private hosting service', but my
> batting average is not so good with actual companies on that. I had
> one that was pretty decent, but then went out of business and now
> I'm with one that has rather poor-to-mediocre support and has been
> extraordinarily slow ("VPSLand", BTW).  I don't suppose anyone has
> better options? I was looking for somebody that would let me run
> Debian on a VPS.
>
> Cheers,
> Terry

Thanks for the considerate reply, it is annoying being stuck on a
shared server.

> > Thanks for the info. No thanks for the smarmy "pony" comment.
>
> Do you really want "smarmy" here? I don't think it works. Don't you
> mean "flip" or "smart-alecky" or "facetious"?
>

>From some Internet dictionary:
Smarmy:
1. Hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest; unctuous. See
Synonyms at unctuous.
2. Sleek.

I was aiming specifically towards the "effusively earnest" I don't
think that's a bad word to describe "would you like a pony with that
too?"

Anyway, the first time I read replies to my message I chuckled. It's
like the stereotypical intellectual debate, if you don't like the
message then focus on the detail.

The message in this case was that I /couldn't/ install anything by
myself as it is on a /shared/ server that's why I wanted to know
whether there was anything out of the box I could use.

Of course I would install all the "ponies" I wanted given I had proper
privileges to the machine.


From reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid  Mon Jul 17 19:26:24 2006
From: reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid (Rene Pijlman)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 01:26:24 +0200
Subject: urllib (in thread) never returns
References: <mailman.8243.1153099393.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4v6ob2tf3cr7n05ci0givih6vcm6vi7vuj@4ax.com>

Kingsley:
>it just sits in either the urlopen() or read() forever.
[...]
>I would have thought that some urllib-internal timeout 
>would fix this?!

Yes, but you'll need to enable it. See socket.setdefaulttimeout() :
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-socket.html

-- 
Ren? Pijlman


From tomerfiliba at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 14:42:57 2006
From: tomerfiliba at gmail.com (gangesmaster)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 11:42:57 -0700
Subject: inline metaclasses
Message-ID: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

just something i thought looked nice and wanted to share with the rest
of you:

>>> class x(object):
...     def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):
...             print "hello"
...             return type(name, bases, dict)
...
hello
>>>

instead of defining a separate metaclass function/class, you can do
it inline. isn't that cool?


-tomer



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 23:13:28 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 20:13:28 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
> wonder, why use threads vs processes.

In many cases, you don't have a choice. If your Python program
is to run other programs, the others get their own processes.
There's no threads option on that.

If multiple lines of execution need to share Python objects,
then the standard Python distribution supports threads, while
processes would require some heroic extension. Don't confuse
sharing memory, which is now easy, with sharing Python
objects, which is hard.


> So, If I have a system that has a
> large area of shared memory, which would be better?  I've been leaning
> towards threads, I'm going to say why.
>
> Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
> copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.

As others have pointed out, not usually true with modern OS's.

> There's also
> a more expensive context switch between processes.  So if I have a
> system that would fork 50+ child processes my memory usage would be huge
> and I burn more cycles that I don't have to.

Again, not usually true. Modern OS's share code across
processes. There's no way to tell the size of 100
unspecified processes, but the number is nothing special.

> So threads seems faster and more efficient for this scenario.  That
> alone makes me want to stay with threads, but I get the feeling from
> people on this list that processes are better and that threads are over
> used.  I don't understand why, so can anyone shed any light on this?

Yes, someone can, and that someone might as well be you.
How long does it take to create and clean up 100 trivial
processes on your system? How about 100 threads? What
portion of your user waiting time is that?


-- 
--Bryan



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 17:21:10 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:21:10 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153948870.175986.79580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Paul Rubin wrote:
> Have you looked at POSH yet?   http://poshmodule.sf.net

Paul, have you used POSH? Does it work well? Any major
gotchas?

I looked at the paper... well, not all 200+ pages, but I checked
how they handle a couple parts that I thought hard and they
seem to have good ideas. I didn't find the SourceForge project
so promising. The status is alpha, the ToDo's are a little scary,
and project looks stalled.  Also it's *nix only.


-- 
--Bryan



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 07:55:24 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:55:24 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Frank Millman wrote:

> Try self.PlantCtrl.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl)

And Voila! It works. Many, many thanks.

Any idea what is going on?

Simon



From caseyhHAMMER_TIME at istar.ca  Thu Jul 27 22:52:14 2006
From: caseyhHAMMER_TIME at istar.ca (Casey Hawthorne)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 02:52:14 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <3uuic2d0r4qm724ju09cl74f2snj3vcpj0@4ax.com>

Have you tried PIL? (Python Imaging Library)

"Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote:

>As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>        for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>            for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                  #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
>But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
>I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
>I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
>compiling my files.
--
Regards,
Casey


From venamitce at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 14:12:22 2006
From: venamitce at gmail.com (venkat pathy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 23:42:22 +0530
Subject: About __files
Message-ID: <e640c5490607101112i216a7b4ah462eac3c33652025@mail.gmail.com>

Hi all,
          I came across a series of functions starting with "__". For
example, __fun() . May I know what are all these functions ?
 I came across __init__ like functions starting and ending with "__".
Whether they are constructors which are overloaded ?
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From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 05:35:57 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 02:35:57 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1153906557.780703.148150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Steve Jobless:
> I'm hearing that "they are features, but don't use them."

You can use them if you know why you are doing it.

You can also take a look at PyChecker and PyLint, they may help you.

Bye,
bearophile



From j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk  Thu Jul 27 06:32:53 2006
From: j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk (Jon Bowlas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:32:53 +0100
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
References: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<eaa44f$i7e$03$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <013401c6b168$046152c0$40e53cc1@wu5>

Ahh yes there are a couple of dodgy records that seem to have been added.

many thanks.

Jon
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Peter Otten" <__peter__ at web.de>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 11:22 AM
Subject: Re: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found


> Jon Bowlas wrote:
>
>> I wrote this script in Zope some time ago and it worked for a while, but
>> now I'm getting the following error:
>> TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
>>
>> Here's my script:
>>
>> results = context.module_retriever().tuples() # call to ZSQLMethod
>> converted = []
>> for result in results:
>>    result = list(result) # make a list from the tuple
>>    for i in range(len(result)):
>>     # for each element in the listified tuple, make decode to a
>>     # unicode from the latin-1 string
>>     result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')
>>    converted.append(tuple(result)) # tuplify again
>> return converted
>>
>> Where module_retriever is a simple Z SQL method that returns a module
>> title and a module code.
>> So results = context.module_retriever().tuples() returns:
>> [('Developmental Neurobiology', 'ANAT2008'), ('Neuroanatomy',
>> 'ANAT2009'),('etc...', 'etc..'),..]So I was hoping someone might be able
>> to identify what I've done wrong here. It is a little mistifying as to 
>> why
>> it's suddenly stopped working though.CheersJon
>
> This may be an indication that in your database you have a record with a
> None value, e. g.
>
>        [('Developmental Neurobiology', 'ANAT2008'),
>         ('Neuroanatomy', 'ANAT2009'),
>         ('Man in black', None)])
>
> and most likely the right fix is to correct the database entry and make 
> sure
> that no new such records can be entered into it.
>
> If that is not possible, a quick fix would be to replace your unicode() 
> call
> with something that special-cases None:
>
> def from_latin(s):
>    if s is None:
>        return None # or maybe 'return u""', if your app expects a unicode
>                    # string
>    return unicode(s, "latin-1")
>
> By the way, in recent Python your snippet might become
>
>    converted = []
>    for record in results:
>        # prior to 2.4: tuple([...])
>        converted.append(tuple(from_latin(field) for field in record))
>    return converted
>
> Peter
>
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 



From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Sat Jul 22 09:24:27 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 15:24:27 +0200
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us><1153521592.881260.102150@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8407.1153522627.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c16067$0$1003$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<4gb3c2d7mltc7pq5pq947f2lf5i4tmliau@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44c27765$0$836$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!


>>> There are typically only two output streams from a command line program. 
>>> stdout and stderr... Some of the OS triggered error messages
(abort, retry, fail) might be going to stderr -- so if you were looking at 
stdout, you won't see them.

- when you use  RD TOTO/S , win show the text "Are-you sure (Y/N)?" on 
stdout, and no stderr
- when the text is send, by win, on stdout, there are no RC ; consequently, 
subprocess (or popen) don't see anything
- it's possible, with popen4, with subprocess, to merge stdout & stderr in 
the same pipe


The problem remain entire.


@-salutations
-- 
Michel Claveau





From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:17:56 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:17:56 -0700
Subject: SOAPy Question
Message-ID: <1153401475.912764.99660@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I apologize in advance for not googling in depth enough :-) I am
looking for use Python's SOAP implementation to pull some retail
pricing data for a work project. Our Internet access goes through an
authenticating proxy server. Can I access information in this scenario
using SOAPy? I have seen cases where the SOAP service requires
authentication and various SOAP implementations account for this. But I
am looking to specify the proxy server authentication to even get out
to the external SOAP service. 

Will this be doable?



From jdennis at redhat.com  Wed Jul  5 10:55:45 2006
From: jdennis at redhat.com (John Dennis)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 10:55:45 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>

On Tue, 2006-07-04 at 15:44 -0400, emf wrote:
> In order to provide interfaces to archives, I believe I must perform 
> some intermediary manipulation; my goal is to get the information 
> contained within the .mbox files mailman generates into ElementTrees and 
> other objects so as to represent them via HTML/RSS/Atom/etc.

It's not at all clear to me that mailman should be responsible for
archiving. Archiving and MLM (Mailing List Manager) functionality can be
orthogonal to each other. Archiving has a complex feature set if it's
done right, and it's complex to implement. There are many items on
Mailman's UI task list which need attention and can be done
independently of also trying to tackle the 800 pound gorilla known as
archiving.

If we do anything in the near term with archiving I suggest it be only
to clean up and further define an interface between Mailman as a MLM and
an independent mail archiver which would allow installations to install
the mail archiver of their choice along side of Mailman. I seem to
recall this is also Barry's preference who noted the existing pipermail
was only a stop-gap solution so there would be some default archiver,
but it was never the intention Mailman would have any extensive
archiving implementation.

For what its worth I went looking for best of breed in open source
archivers about 6 months ago and what I came up with was a project
called "Lurker" (http://lurker.sourceforge.net)

IMHO let the archiving experts deal with archiving, let the MLM experts
(e.g. Mailman) deal with managing mailing lists.

I recognize that Mailman would benefit from tighter integration with the
archiver such that it is possible to automatically include links in mail
which is being redistributed by the MLM, but rather than bringing any of
this functionality into Mailman lets define the interfaces which are
needed such that Mailman can operate cooperatively with any archiver
which supports a well defined API.

-- 
John Dennis <jdennis at redhat.com>
Red Hat Inc.



From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Mon Jul 24 18:07:06 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 22:07:06 GMT
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
In-Reply-To: <12cacrspveqm981@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12ca5ln1qq82k36@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153770127.379472.43140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12cacrspveqm981@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <ewbxg.76$rp4.58@tornado.texas.rr.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:

> On 2006-07-24, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com <alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com> wrote:
> 
> 
>>>Logs of the serial traffic would be helpful.
>>
>>Here they are. First a log of the traffic generated by the
>>T-logger GUI program, abtained with Portmon.
> 
> 
> I try to avoid Windows as much as humanly possible, but one
> thing that appears to be different is that Tlogger clears RTS
> and your program sets it.  Try clearing RTS in your program
> when you set up the serial port.
> 
> If clearing RTS doesn't help, I guess I'd try different flow
> control settings (try enabling and disabling RTS/CTS flow
> control).
> 
> Since you're dealing with binary data, make sure that Xon/Xoff
> flow control is disabled.

It could also be a timing issue or handshaking problem.
Having to write to the chip "a byte at a time" implies
that it could take it a little while to digest each byte;
longer than the natural character time for the baud rate,
that is. I'm not sure if I'm reading the portmon output
correctly, but it looks like the "T-logger" program
is waiting for CTS (or possibly some other condition)
before sending each byte. The Python program does not
appear to be doing so, it's just sending the three bytes,
bang bang bang.

-- JK


From aisaac0 at verizon.net  Wed Jul 26 13:39:58 2006
From: aisaac0 at verizon.net (David Isaac)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:39:58 GMT
Subject: import from containing folder
References: <nyLxg.11448$yN3.708@trnddc04>
	<1153928975.924299.250180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3wNxg.15497$2u4.15231@trnddc06>
Message-ID: <ONNxg.15501$2u4.1467@trnddc06>

Alan wrote:
> I do not want to make any assumptions about
> this particular package being on sys.path.
> (I want a relative import, but cannot assume 2.5.)


I should mention that to get around this I have
been using
sys.path.append(os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0])
in the script I care most about.  It works,
but seems like a hack.

Thanks,
Alan Isaac




From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 17:19:42 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:19:42 -0500
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e86otb$bqs$1@sea.gmane.org>

vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
> The same thing goes for the values(). Here most people will argue that
> values are not necessarily unique, so a list is more appropriate, but
> in fact the values are unique it is just that more than one key could
> map to the same value.  What is 'seen' in dictionary is the mapping
> rule.  Also the values are not ordered and should not be indexable --
> they should be a set. Just as  the keys(), one ordered list of values
> from a dictionary on one machine will not necessarily be equal to
> another list of values an on another machine, while in fact, they
> should be.

This part is pretty much a non-starter. Not all Python objects are hashable.

In [1]: d = {}

In [2]: for i in range(1, 10):
    ...:     d[i] = range(i)
    ...:
    ...:

In [3]: set(d.values())
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
exceptions.TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call 
last)

/Users/kern/<ipython console>

TypeError: list objects are unhashable


Also, I may need keys to map to different objects that happen to be equal.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From l.c at visotech.at  Fri Jul 21 03:51:21 2006
From: l.c at visotech.at (Luis Corrales)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:51:21 +0200
Subject: IMAP4 search with special characters
Message-ID: <44c0877f$0$11789$79720d31@newsreader.inode.at>


Hi all,

I have a problem when searching for text with special characters in
e-mails in an IMAP server. I'm using imaplib in python 2.4.3 and I can't
get this code working:

# first connect and login
conn = IMAP4(my_server)
conn.login(my_user, my_pass)

# now select INBOX
conn.select('INBOX')

# and search for messages (the first parameter of "search" is the
encoding, which defaults to None)
conn.search(None, '(ALL)')          # output: ('OK', ['1 2 3'])

# That works perfectly and I get the 3 messages that I have in my Inbox:
# Now I want to search for messages with special characters. This works
(still no special characters in my search):

conn.search(None, '(BODY gasse)')

# and even this:

conn.search('ISO-8859-1', '(BODY gasse)')

# but not this (there comes the '?'):

conn.search('ISO-8859-1', '(BODY Lemb?ckgasse)')    # error: SEARCH
command error: BAD ['Bogus criteria list in SEARCH']

# After having read the IMAP4 documentation I thought this could work:

conn.search('ISO-8859-1', '(CHARSET ISO-8859-1 BODY Lemb?ckgasse)')

# I tried everything that came up to my mind, getting always the same
error. For instance:

conn.search(None, '(CHARSET ISO-8859-1 BODY Lemb?ckgasse)')
conn.search(None, '(BODY Lemb\xf6ckgasse)')
conn.search(None, '(BODY Lemb?ckgasse)'.encode('ISO-8859-1'))   # here I
get the error "can't decode byte 0xf6 in position 10"
conn.search('ISO-8859-1', '(BODY Lemb?ckgasse)'.encode('ISO-8859-1'))

And so on. Does anybody have the remotest idea what I'm doing wrong and
how I could find my e-mail?

Thanks in advance,

Luis Corrales


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:55:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:55:43 +0200
Subject: Better utilization of duo-core?
In-Reply-To: <1152812815.820928.238830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152812815.820928.238830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e961et$l20$3@sea.gmane.org>

John Henry wrote:

> How do I detect whether I have additional CPUs in the system?  The
> google search turns up answer about a Sun workstation but not Windows
> XP.

count = int(os.environ.get("NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS", 1))

</F>



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul  6 15:51:57 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 21:51:57 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152191316.228972.54190@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152191316.228972.54190@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ad68aa$0$20880$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

meridian a ?crit :
> You mentioned earlier that
> "Modifying globals from within a function is usually a very bad idea."
> 
> Most of my app consists of functions or class/object functions, that's
> all I do in OOP.
> Did you mean that modifying globals from anywhere is bad? 

Yes, definitively. Even without concurrent access, it very rapidly turns 
the code into an unscrutable mess.

> or globals
> are bad? 

Mostly, yes.

As usual, this is not a hard rule but a guideline. But I use as few 
globals as possible, and almost all of them are read-only. The very few 
exceptions are dirty hacks, mostly called at init time.

> or don't code using methods/functions?  

Err...


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 12:41:15 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 18:41:15 +0200
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8tvvb$6hl$1@sea.gmane.org>

tac-tics wrote:

> I didn't say that. I meant that arrays in the C++ sense are dangerous.

so what do you think Python's string type uses on the inside ?

> C++ offers pass by value options. That makes it so you never need to
> worry about messing up data that doesn't belong to you unless you
> explicitly pass by reference. Python doesn't do this for you. Thus, a
> mutable string class in Python requires a great deal more care since
> you need to make copies of every string in every function in order to
> prevent changes in one object's string from affecting another.

and that would be different from any other mutable Python type in 
exactly what way ?

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 05:14:39 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:14:39 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <ea1tso$coh$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>	<44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<mailman.8441.1153723298.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ea1tso$coh$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c48f80$0$18834$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <mailman.8441.1153723298.27775.python-list at python.org>, Steve
> Holden wrote:
> 
> 
>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>
>>>In message <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
>>>wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>If you're calling a number of different routines in
>>>>>the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
>>>>>sense to only pass it once.
>>>>
>>>>Actually they are not "passed".
>>>
>>>
>>>I think I'm going to plonk you.
>>
>>And the rest of comp.lang.python has to know about this because ... ?
> 
> 
> Some of them might be worth plonking as well?

Certainly. I suggest that you put in your killfile anyone not agreeing
with you on any point, or having the bad idea to point out inexact or
ambigous stuff in your posts. This will surely make this ng a very more
friendly place to you - while perhaps not as useful.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ed at leafe.com  Tue Jul 18 08:26:49 2006
From: ed at leafe.com (Ed Leafe)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:26:49 -0400
Subject: Capturing instant messages
In-Reply-To: <1153222611.157352.245920@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153222611.157352.245920@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <EA52031D-9B88-40CF-91E1-E6F0754A24C7@leafe.com>

On Jul 18, 2006, at 7:36 AM, Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:

> It depends on what IM protocol the company is using. If there is more
> than one, your job might end up being quite complicated. You indicated
> port 5190 in your post, does it mean that the company is using only  
> AOL
> IM?

	Yes, they've told me that the users routinely use AIM to contact  
clients and each other. I don't believe that their firewalls permit  
other IM protocols.

> 1) As far as capturing the traffic, I would use a specific tool like
> tcpick ( a cousin of tcpdump but actually dumps the data to console  
> not
> just the headers and recreates the tcp streams -- good stuff!).  Again
> if you know the exact port number and the exact protocol this might be
> very easy because you will set up your capturing program to capture
> traffic from only 1 port.

	Thanks; I'll have to play around with tcpick today.

> 2) The decoding will depend on your protocol, if you have more than  
> one
> IM protocol then the capture idea from above won't work too well, you
> will have to capture all the traffic then decode each stream, for each
> side, for each protocol.

	I guess I'll have to start googling for AIM decoding information.

> 3) Recording or replay is easy. Save to files or dump to a MySQL table
> indexed by user id,  timestamp, IP etc. Because of buffering issues  
> you
> will probably not get a very accurate real-time monitoring system with
> this setup.

	They aren't interested in real-time monitoring; their main concern  
is Sarb-ox compliance.

	Thanks for your help!

-- Ed Leafe
-- http://leafe.com
-- http://dabodev.com





From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Sat Jul 15 12:13:09 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 09:13:09 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152979989.868580.79710@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Jack wrote:
> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> user gets to select what modules to install?
>
> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
>
> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
> Python on these systems?

Here's another recently announced hobbyist microcontroller system:
http://makezine.com/controller/

Uses Atmel SAM7X processor, ARM7, 32-bit, 256K Flash, 64K SRAM, up to
55MHz.

On-board Ethernet and CAN (Controller Area Network - wireless)

Various I/O blocks and on-board sensors

~US$150

Start shipping Aug 1st.

No Python binary yet, but cross-platform tools are available.  The guys
at this magazine could really get a jump with a Python build.  Here's a
related site for this kit: www.uCHobby.com 

-- Paul



From etayluz at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 10:01:29 2006
From: etayluz at gmail.com (Etayki)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 07:01:29 -0700
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
Message-ID: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi!

I'm trying to maximize a IE window. I have a handler and I'm trying to
call ShowWindow to maximize it:

ie = Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application')
handler = ie.HWND
ie.Visible = 1
win32gui.ShowWindow(handler, SW_MAXIMIZE)

But then I get this error:
'SW_MAXIMIZE' is not defined

The function ShowWindow is defined (according to MSDN) as:

BOOL ShowWindow(          HWND hWnd,
    int nCmdShow
);

How do I get SW_MAXIMIZE to be defined?



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Thu Jul 27 19:04:27 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:04:27 +1000
Subject: update a window with tkinter ...
In-Reply-To: <93D4F5BA-1FF4-41B0-9A18-9221E0DFA7E5@3dchips-fr.com>
References: <93D4F5BA-1FF4-41B0-9A18-9221E0DFA7E5@3dchips-fr.com>
Message-ID: <1154041467.5003.24.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Thu, 2006-07-27 at 19:56 +0200, Laurent Hermann wrote:
> Hi I'm new on this list so let me say hello to everybody.
> 
> 
> I have a little problem with tkinter but I could not find the solution
> on the net so I ask it here...
> 
> 
> The thing I want to do is simple but I cannot, I would like to have a
> tkinter window that update itself during the program is running, I
> created a small exemple :
> 
> 
> 
> 
> from Tkinter import *
> import time
> 
> 
> fen1=Tk()
> can1=Canvas(fen1,bg='dark grey',height=100,width=100)
> can1.pack()
> 
> 
> a=0
> 
> 
> while(a<10):
> time.sleep(1)
> tex1=can1.create_text (10*a,10*a,text=a)
> a=a+1
> 
Change the loop to:

while a<10:
  time.sleep(1)
  can1.create_text(10*a, 10*a, text=str(a))     # a should be a string
for a canvas text object
  a += 1
  can1.update()    

> 
> can1.pack()

Don't need to repack canvas widget.

> fen1.mainloop()
> 

Regards,

John



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 13:05:40 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:05:40 -0700
Subject: subprocess problem on WinXP
References: <mailman.8566.1153922370.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153933539.990072.23720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Wolfgang wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I want to compress all files (also in subfolder). The code is working
> more or less, but I get a black popup window (command line window) for
> every file to compress. How do I cave to change my system call that
> nothing pops up?
>
> Wolfgang
>
> import os
> import subprocess
>
> dir="g:\\messtech"
>
> for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir):
>      for file in files:
>          f=os.path.join(root,file)
>          subprocess.Popen([r"bzip2",'', f],shell=False).wait()

How about forgetting the system call and just using the bz2 standard
library module?

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-bz2.html

Peace,
~Simon



From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 19:12:17 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 20:12:17 -0300
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44C7D18F.1010909@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <15kx3e6vlnsdp.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 17:33:19, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> Alright, if you read all that, thanks, and thanks for your input. Whether
> or not I've agreed with anything, me and a few colleagues definitely
> discuss each idea as its passed to us.  For that, thanks to the python
> list!

I think you should spend a few hours and read up on realtime OS features
and multitasking programming techniques. Get a bit away from the bottom
level, forget about the specific features of your OS and your language and
try to come up with a set of requirements and a structure that fits them. 

Regarding communicating with a thread (or process, that's about the same,
only the techniques vary), for example -- there are not that many options.
Either the thread/process polls a message queue or it goes to sleep once it
has done whatever it needed to do until something comes in through a queue
or until a semaphore gets set. What is better suited for you depends on
your requirements and overall structure. Both doesn't seem to be too clear.

If you have threads that take too long and need to be killed, then I'd say
fix the code that runs there... 

Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 10:39:00 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:39:00 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153296806.675814.249450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<1153296806.675814.249450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be4405$0$12793$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Sanjay wrote:
>>Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
>>the problem with inheritance or a meta class?
> 
> 
> I have to study about metaclass and see whether this can be handled. It
> seemed inheritence is not working.
> 
> PROBLEM: Separating plumbing code and business logic while using
> SQLAlchemy ORM.
> 
(snip)
> DB definitions and plumbing code goes into one module, say db.py:
> 
> import sqlalchemy.mods.threadlocal
> from sqlalchemy import *
> 
> global_connect('postgres://userid:password at localhost:5432/tm')
> person_tbl = Table('person', default_metadata, autoload = True)
> class Person(object):
>     pass
(snip)

> Business logic in another module, say bo.py
> 
> Class PersonBO(Person):
>      def Block():
>           blocked = True

<OT>
shouldn't it be:
class PersonBO(Person):
  def block(self):
    self.blocked = True
</OT>

> While using PersonBO in another module, like this:
> 
> p1 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at hotmail.com", first_name='john',
> last_name='smith', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")
> p2 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com", first_name='ed',
> last_name='helms', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")
> p3 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com", first_name='jonathan',
> last_name='lacour', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")
> 
> # add a contact
> p1.contacts.append(Contact(person=p2))
> 
> the following error message occurs:
> 
> AttributeError: 'PersonBO' object has no attribute 'contacts'

Strange.

> What I guess, from my limited knowledge of the technologies involved,
> is that assign_mapper does some magic only on Person class, and things
> work. But after inheritence, it is not working.

Anyway, there are other ways to reuse implementation, like
composition/delegation. You may want to have a look at
__getattr__/__setattr__ magic methods.

> As far as my project is concerned, I have found out some other way of
> doing the things,

Care to explain your solution ?


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 03:11:12 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 01:11:12 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>

I <cdsmith at twu.net> wrote:
> Incidentally, I'm not saying that such a feature would be a good idea.  
> It generally isn't provided in languages specifically because it gets to 
> be a big pain to maintain all of the type specifications for this kind 
> of stuff.

There are other good reasons, too, as it turns out.  I don't want to 
overstate the "possible" until it starts to sound like "easy, even if 
it's a pain".  This kind of stuff is rarely done in mainstream 
programming languages because it has serious negative consequences.

For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we 
were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type 
Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few 
(infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain 
the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:

    Person{age:{18..29}}

But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice property 
called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to make one of a 
few choices: (a) give up encapsulation, which isn't too happy; (b) rely 
on type inference for this kind of stuff, and consider it okay if the 
type inference system breaks encapsulation; or (c) invent some kind of 
generic constraint language so that constraints like this could be 
expressed without exposing field names.  Choice (b) is incomplete, as 
there will often be times when I need to ascribe a type to a parameter 
or some such thing, and the lack of ability to express the complete type 
system will be rather limiting.  Choice (c), though, looks a little 
daunting.

So I'll stop there.  The point is that while it is emphatically true 
that this kind of stuff is possible, it is also very hard in Java.  
Partly, that's because Java is an imperative language, but it's also 
because there are fundamental design trade-offs involved between 
verbosity, complexity, expressive power, locality of knowledge, etc. 
that are bound to be there in all programming languages, and which make 
it harder to take one design principle to its extreme and produce a 
usable language as a result.  I don't know that it's impossible for this 
sort of thing to be done in a usable Java-like language, but in any 
case, the way to accomplish it is not obvious.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 13:52:43 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 19:52:43 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>

Marshall schrieb:
> I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
> imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
> is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
> more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?

Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.
Just one data point: C compiler designers spend substantial effort to 
determine which data structures cannot have aliasing to be able to apply 
optimizations.

This can bite even with runtime assertion checking.
For example, ordinarily one would think that if there's only a fixed set 
of routines that may modify some data structure A, checking the 
invariants of that structure need only be done at the exit of these 
routines.
Now assume that A has a reference to structure B, and that the 
invariants involve B in some way. (E.g. A.count = A->B.count.)
There's still no problem with that - until you have a routine that 
exports a reference to B, which gets accessed from elsewhere, say via C.
Now if I do
   C->B.count = 27
I will most likely break A's invariant. If that assignment is in some 
code that's far away from the code for A, debugging can become 
exceedingly hard: the inconsistency (i.e. A violating its invariant) can 
live for the entire runtime of the program.

So that innocent optimization "don't check all the program's invariants 
after every assignment" immediately breaks with assignment (unless you 
do some aliasing analysis).

In an OO language, it's even more difficult to establish that some data 
structure cannot be aliased: even if the code for A doesn't hand out a 
reference to B, there's no guarantee that some subclass of A doesn't. 
I.e. the aliasing analysis has to be repeated whenever there's a new 
subclass, which may happen at link time when you'd ordinarily don't want 
to do any serious semantic analysis anymore.

There's another way around getting destroyed invariants reported at the 
time the breakage occurs: lock any data field that goes into an 
invariant (or a postcondition, too). The rationale behind this is that 
from the perspective of assertions, an alias walks, smells and quacks 
just like concurrent access, so locking would be the appropriate answer. 
The problem here is that this means that updates can induce *very* 
expensive machinery - imagine an invariant that says "A->balance is the 
sum of all the transaction->amount fields in the transaction list of A", 
it would cause all these ->amount fields to be locked as soon as a 
transaction list is hooked up with the amount. OTOH one could argue that 
such a locking simply makes cost in terms of debugging time visible as 
runtime overhead, which isn't entirely a Bad Thing.


There are all other kinds of things that break in the presence of 
aliasing; this is just the one that I happen to know best :-)

Without mutation, such breakage cannot occur. Invariants are just the 
common postconditions of all the routines that may construct a structure 
of a given type.

Regards,
Jo


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 16:48:05 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:48:05 GMT
Subject: unistall python mechanize
References: <mailman.7952.1152489994.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <8764i5gpa2.fsf@reportlab.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> writes:

> hi..
> 
> i'm trying to figure out how to uninstall "mechanize". i don't see an
> "unistall" from the "python --help-commands" function...
> 
> i'm looking to rebuild/reinstall mechanize from the svn repos to try to see
> if an apparent parsing issue that i mentioned is fixed...

http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall#uninstalling-packages


John


From certo at comeno.it  Wed Jul 19 18:01:33 2006
From: certo at comeno.it (imho)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 22:01:33 GMT
Subject: How to recognise "generator functions" ?
Message-ID: <1Zxvg.46761$_J1.564830@twister2.libero.it>

Hi all.

Is there a way to know if a function object is actually a "generator 
function" or not ? e.g.:

def f():
	pass

def g():
	yield None

f.__class__ is the same as g.__class__ , i.e. "function" type.
But i "know" that the second, when invoked, returns a generator object, 
because there is a "yield" statement in its body.

Is there a (eventually hackish) method to get such information ?

Thanks in advance,

Diego.


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Tue Jul 11 15:21:14 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 19:21:14 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <tog7b2te7ck12cv35l4b3dm2visfrtevgp@4ax.com>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
	<C1Psg.56632$181.30396@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<tog7b2te7ck12cv35l4b3dm2visfrtevgp@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <KSSsg.307978$8W1.277237@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

George Neuner wrote:
> On Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:59:46 GMT, David Hopwood
> <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> 
>>What matters is that, over the range
>>of typical programs written in the language, the value of the increased
>>confidence in program correctness outweighs the effort involved in both
>>adding annotations, and understanding whether any remaining run-time checks
>>are guaranteed to succeed.
> 
> Agreed, but ...
> 
>>Look at it this way: suppose that I *need* to verify that a program has
>>no range errors. Doing that entirely manually would be extremely tedious.
>>If the compiler can do, say, 90% of the work, and point out the places that
>>need to be verified manually, then that would be both less tedious, and
>>less error-prone.
> 
> All of this presupposes that you have a high level of confidence in
> the compiler.  I've been in software development for going in 20 years
> now and worked 10 years on high performance, high availability
> systems.  In all that time I have yet to meet a compiler ... or
> significant program of any kind ... that is without bugs, noticeable
> or not.

That's a good point. I don't think it would be an exaggeration to say
that the some of the most commonly used compilers are riddled with bugs.
gcc is a particularly bad offender, and at the moment seems to be introducing
bugs with each new version at a faster rate than they can be fixed. Sun's
javac also used to be poor in this respect, although I haven't used recent
versions of it.

One of the main reasons for this, IMHO, is that many compilers place too
much emphasis on low-level optimizations of dubious merit. For C and
Java, I've taken to compiling all non-performance-critical code without
optimizations, and that has significantly reduced the number of compiler
bugs that I see. It has very little effect on overall execution performance
(and compile times are quicker).

I don't think that over-complex type systems are the cause of more than a
small part of the compiler bug problem. In my estimation, the frequency of
bugs in different compilers *for the same language* can vary by an order of
magnitude.

> I'm a fan of static typing but the major problem I have with complex
> inferencing (in general) is the black box aspect of it.  That is, when
> the compiler rejects my code, is it really because a) I was stupid, b)
> the types are too complex, or c) the compiler itself has a bug.

Rejecting code incorrectly is much less of a problem than accepting it
incorrectly. *If* all compiler bugs were false rejections, I would say that
this would not be too much of an issue.

Unfortunately there are plenty of bugs that result in silently generating
bad code. But I don't think you can avoid that by using a language with a
simpler type system. The quality of a compiler depends much more on the
competence and attitudes of the language implementation developers, than
it does on the language itself.

[Although, choosing a language with a more quality-conscious compiler
development team doesn't necessarily help if it is compiling to C, since
then you still have to deal with C compiler bugs, but on autogenerated
code :-(.]

> It's certainly true that the vast majority of my problems are because
> I'm stupid, but I've run into actual compiler bugs far too often for my
> liking (high performance coding has a tendency to uncover them).

Yes. Cryptographic algorithms, and autogenerated code also tend to do that.

> I think I understand how to implement HM inferencing ... I haven't
> actually done it yet, but I've studied it and I'm working on a toy
> language that will eventually use it.  But HM itself is a toy compared
> to an inferencing system that could realistically handle some of the
> problems that were discussed in this and Xah's "expressiveness" thread
> (my own beef is with *static* checking of range narrowing assignments
> which I still don't believe can be done regardless of Chris Smith's
> assertions to the contrary).
> 
> It seems to me that the code complexity of such a super-duper
> inferencing system would make its bug free implementation quite
> difficult and I personally would be less inclined to trust a compiler
> that used it than one having a less capable (but easier to implement)
> system.

I don't think that the complexity of such a system would need to be
any greater than that of the optimization frameworks used by many
compilers. IIUC, what Chris Smith is suggesting is essentially equivalent
to doing type inference on the SSA form of the program.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 11:14:21 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:14:21 GMT
Subject: Module for creating a screenshot of a web page given a URL?
References: <1152129798.085736.144430@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152131406.993573.95650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152220089.063405.82870@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87sllaolo2.fsf@reportlab.com>

dananrg at yahoo.com writes:

> > Untestetd, but I'm pretty sure something like this will do.
> > If you need more control, and on windows, try pywinauto
> 
> I do need it to run on Windows. I'll check out pywinauto. Thanks.

Note he didn't say you *need* pywinauto to run on Windows.


John


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 07:10:14 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 04:10:14 -0700
Subject: dicts vs classes
In-Reply-To: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm wondering about whether to use objects in this way or dictionaries
for a program I'm writing at the moment. It seems to me that unless you
need some of the functionality supplied with dictionaries (len(a),
has_key, etc) then simple objects are a syntacticaly cleaner and more
natural way to express yourself.

Any objctions to this, or pitfalls?

Simon Hibbs



From grante at visi.com  Wed Jul  5 13:26:42 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 17:26:42 -0000
Subject: Fork You..  Forking and threading..
References: <1152120097.590691.202400@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12antii2nc3ns88@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-05, rh0dium <steven.klass at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have a problem with putting a job in the background. Here is my
> (ugly) script which I am having problems getting to background.  There
> are threads about doing
>
>      python script.py &
>
> and others
>
>      nohup python script.py &
>
> and yet others
>
>      ( python script.py > /dev/null & ) &
>
> Regardless timing these all produce (roughly the same time) and none of
> them are backgrounded.

Yes they are -- unless you're using a different definition of
the word "backgrounded" than the rest of the Unix world.  

What do you mean by "backgrounded"?

What are you trying to accomplish?

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Yow!! That's a GOOD
                                  at               IDEA!! Eating a whole FIELD
                               visi.com            of COUGH MEDICINE should
                                                   make you feel MUCH BETTER!!


From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul  7 13:56:48 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:56:48 +0200
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8m72r$el4$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Thomas Nelson wrote:

> I have this code:
> type1 = [0]
> type2 = [0]
> type3 = [0]
> map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}  # the real map is
> longer than this
> 
> def increment(value):
> map[value][0] += 1
> 
> increment(1)
> increment(1)
> increment(0)
> increment(4)
> #increment will actually be called many times through other functions
> print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]
> #should print "3 1 0"
> 
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?

I don't think your code is ugly. Anyway, here are two more alternatives:

>>> types = [0] * 3
>>> dispatch = [0, 0, 2, 0, 1]
>>> for value in [1, 1, 0, 4]:
...     types[dispatch[value]] += 1
...
>>> types
[3, 1, 0]


>>> inflated = [0] * 5
>>> groups = [[0, 1, 3], [4], [2]]
>>> for value in [1, 1, 0, 4]:
...     inflated[value] += 1
...
>>> [sum(inflated[i] for i in group) for group in groups]
[3, 1, 0]

Peter



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 27 06:22:38 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:22:38 +0200
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
References: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <eaa44f$i7e$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Jon Bowlas wrote:

> I wrote this script in Zope some time ago and it worked for a while, but
> now I'm getting the following error:
> TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
> 
> Here's my script:
> 
> results = context.module_retriever().tuples() # call to ZSQLMethod
> converted = []
> for result in results:
>    result = list(result) # make a list from the tuple
>    for i in range(len(result)):
>     # for each element in the listified tuple, make decode to a
>     # unicode from the latin-1 string
>     result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')
>    converted.append(tuple(result)) # tuplify again
> return converted
> 
> Where module_retriever is a simple Z SQL method that returns a module
> title and a module code.
> So results = context.module_retriever().tuples() returns:
> [('Developmental Neurobiology', 'ANAT2008'), ('Neuroanatomy',
> 'ANAT2009'),('etc...', 'etc..'),..]So I was hoping someone might be able
> to identify what I've done wrong here. It is a little mistifying as to why
> it's suddenly stopped working though.CheersJon

This may be an indication that in your database you have a record with a
None value, e. g.

        [('Developmental Neurobiology', 'ANAT2008'),
         ('Neuroanatomy', 'ANAT2009'),
         ('Man in black', None)])

and most likely the right fix is to correct the database entry and make sure
that no new such records can be entered into it.

If that is not possible, a quick fix would be to replace your unicode() call
with something that special-cases None:

def from_latin(s):
    if s is None:
        return None # or maybe 'return u""', if your app expects a unicode
                    # string
    return unicode(s, "latin-1")

By the way, in recent Python your snippet might become

    converted = []
    for record in results:
        # prior to 2.4: tuple([...])
        converted.append(tuple(from_latin(field) for field in record))
    return converted

Peter



From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 03:59:06 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 01:59:06 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> >
> > But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice property
> > called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to make one of a
> > few choices: (a) give up encapsulation, which isn't too happy; (b) rely
> > on type inference for this kind of stuff, and consider it okay if the
> > type inference system breaks encapsulation; or (c) invent some kind of
> > generic constraint language so that constraints like this could be
> > expressed without exposing field names.  Choice (b) is incomplete, as
> > there will often be times when I need to ascribe a type to a parameter
> > or some such thing, and the lack of ability to express the complete type
> > system will be rather limiting.  Choice (c), though, looks a little
> > daunting.
> 
> Damn the torpedoes, give me choice c!

You and I both need to figure out when to go to sleep.  :)  Work's gonna 
suck tomorrow.

> I've been saying for a few years now that encapsulation is only
> a hack to get around the lack of a decent declarative constraint
> language.

Choice (c) was meant to preserve encapsulation, actually.  I think 
there's something fundamentally important about information hiding that 
can't be given up.  Hypothetically, say I'm writing an accounting 
package and I've decided to encapsulate details of the tax code into one 
module of the application.  Now, it may be that the compiler can perform 
sufficient type inference on my program to know that it's impossible for 
my taxes to be greater than 75% of my annual income.  So if my income is 
stored in a variable of type decimal{0..100000}, then the return type of 
getTotalTax may be of type decimal{0..75000}.  Type inference could do 
that.

But the point here is that I don't WANT the compiler to be able to infer 
that, because it's a transient consequence of this year's tax code.  I 
want the compiler to make sure my code works no matter what the tax code 
is.  The last thing I need to to go fixing a bunch of bugs during the 
time between the release of next year's tax code and the released 
deadline for my tax software.  At the same time, though, maybe I do want 
the compiler to infer that tax cannot be negative (or maybe it can; I'm 
not an accountant; I know my tax has never been negative), and that it 
can't be a complex number (I'm pretty sure about that one).  I call that 
encapsulation, and I don't think that it's necessary for lack of 
anything; but rather because that's how the problem breaks down.

----

Note that even without encapsulation, the kind of typing information 
we're looking at can be very non-trivial in an imperative language.  For 
example, I may need to express a method signature that is kind of like 
this:

1. The first parameter is an int, which is either between 4 and 8, or 
between 11 and 17.

2. The second parameter is a pointer to an object, whose 'foo' field is 
an int between 0 and 5, and whose 'bar' field is a pointer to another 
abject with three fields 'a', 'b', and 'c', each of which has the full 
range of an unconstrained IEEE double precision floating point number.

3. After the method returns, it will be known that if this object 
previously had its 'baz' field in the range m .. n, it is now in the 
range (m - 5) .. (n + 1).

4. After the method returns, it will be known that the object reached by 
following the 'bar' field of the second parameter will be modified so 
that the first two of its floating point numbers are guaranteed to be of 
the opposite sign as they were before, and that if they were infinity, 
they are now finite.

5. After the method returns, the object referred to by the global 
variable 'zab' has 0 as the value of its 'c' field.

Just expressing all of that in a method signature looks interesting 
enough.  If we start adding abstraction to the type constraints on 
objects to support encapsulation (as I think you'd have to do), then 
things get even more interesting.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul  5 16:42:38 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:42:38 -0700
Subject: Perl Dictionary Convert
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7824.1152131388.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7824.1152131388.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152132158.813388.158330@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

data.replace('=', ':').replace(';', ',')
then eval in a namespace object whose __getitem__ method returns its
argument unchanged.


class not_str(str):    # take care of that IPF.Contact
    def __getattr__(self, attr):return self + '.' + attr

class not_dict(dict):
    def __getitem__(self, name):return not_str(name)

eval(data.replace('=',':').replace(';', ','), not_dict())



Tom Grove wrote:
> I have a server program that I am writing an interface to and it returns
> data in a perl dictionary.  Is there a nice way to convert this to
> something useful in Python?
>
> Here is some sample data:
>
> 200 data follow
> {
>   Calendar =  {
>     Access =  { anyone = lr;};
>     Class =  IPF.Appointment;
>     Messages =  0;
>     Size =  0;
>     UIDNext =  1;
>     UIDValidity =  287898056;
>     Unseen =  0;
>   };
>   Contacts =  {
>     Class =  IPF.Contact;
>     Messages =  0;
>     Size =  0;
>     UIDNext =  1;
>     UIDValidity =  287898056;
>     Unseen =  0;
>   };
> }
> 
> -Tom



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 09:47:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:47:10 +0200
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8296.1153228501.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8296.1153228501.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bce65f$0$11790$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steve Holden wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>> arsl89 wrote:
>>
>>> hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
>>> plz snd me the backup of python
>>>
>>
>> Welcome to my bozo-list.
>>
> Note how the OP even abbreviates "arsehole" to "arsl" :-)
> 
> regards
>  Steve
> 
> (to the original poster: sorry about all this humour at your expense.
> Just go to www.python.org, click on the "downloads" link, and download
> and run an appropriate installer. Probably the Windoze one).

But before, take a few minutes to educate yourself and read this:
http://catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

with particular attention to this section:
http://catb.org/esr/faqs/smart-questions.html#writewell


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From simon at brunningonline.net  Wed Jul 19 05:48:08 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 10:48:08 +0100
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <1153301649.365221.307500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153301649.365221.307500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607190248hefdc25bw2d2eb13bd481d894@mail.gmail.com>

On 19 Jul 2006 02:34:09 -0700, Simon Hibbs <simon.hibbs at gmail.com> wrote:
> I was reading an article about the One Laptop Per Child initiative the
> other day, and being a Python fan I wondered if there are any plans to
> put Python on it, or at least make it available. A cut-down version of
> python, preferably with bindings to the Sugar GUI framework they are
> developing, would be a Very Good Thing.

Sounds like Sugar is built (partially) with Python.

<http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060524-6903.html>

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu  Mon Jul 31 15:38:50 2006
From: jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu (James Stroud)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:38:50 GMT
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <44cddfb3$0$7761$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44cddfb3$0$7761$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
Message-ID: <e%szg.3$gY6.1@newssvr11.news.prodigy.com>

jean-michel bain-cornu wrote:
>Take care to use os.sep

This is an important point. You should read up on the os.path module to 
make sure you are doing things in a platform independent way, for 
example, its better to use:

   os.path.join('my', 'favorite', 'dir')

than

   "\\".join(['my', 'favorite', 'dir'])

because the latter will bonk on linux. The former is platform 
independent. This hits at the same issue as using os.sep:

   os.sep.join(['my', 'favorite', 'dir'])

But os.path has takes care of many of these issues in one module.

James

-- 
James Stroud
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095

http://www.jamesstroud.com/


From ryanshewcraft at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 08:46:55 2006
From: ryanshewcraft at gmail.com (ryanshewcraft at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:46:55 -0700
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
Message-ID: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Let me start with my disclaimer by saying I'm new to computer
programming and have doing it for the past three weeks.  I may not be
completely correct with all the jargon, so please bear with me.

Anyways, I'm writing a function which has a class called
"MultipleRegression."  I want one of the variables under the __init__
method to be a list.  I've got:

class MultipleRegression:
    def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
        self.dbh = dbh
        self.regressors = regressors

and I want to be able to enter regressors as a list like
MultipleRegression(dbh, [1,2,3,4], 5).  But when I do this only the 1
gets passed to regressors and thus to self.regressors.  Is there any
simple way to fix this?  Keep in mind that the length of the list may
vary, so I can't just create a set number of variables and then mash
them together into a list.

Thanks so much!  I really am getting into this whole programming thing.
 Its real challenging and very useful for my work.



From biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca  Wed Jul 26 16:00:20 2006
From: biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca (biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:00:20 -0700
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
Message-ID: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have a problem understanding the scope of variable in nested
function. I think I got it nailed to the following example copied from
Learning Python 2nd edition page 205. Here is the code.

def f1() :
    x=88
    f2()
def f2() :
    print 'x=',x
f1()

that returns an error saying that "NameError: global name 'x' is not
defined". I expected f2 to "see" the value of x defined in f1 since it
is nested at runtime. My reading of the book comforted me in this.

What am I missing? Shouldn't the E of the LEGB rule take care of that.
BTW, I am running this on python 2.3.

Thanks.

S?bastien.



From blue99 at interia.pl  Fri Jul 28 09:46:27 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:46:27 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154093244.104805.242540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneck39i.72t.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1154092692.163998.227740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154093244.104805.242540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154094387.193536.170640@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


abcd wrote:
> not sure why this passes:
>
>
> >>> regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'
> >>> p = re.compile(regex)
> >>> p.match('c:\\test')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0>
> >>> p.match('c:\\test?:/')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720>
> >>>
>
> the last example shouldnt give a match

If you want to learn RE I suggest to use great tool redemo.py (tk app).
Then you can play with regular expressions to find the result
you are looking for.
It can be found in Python 2.4 in Tools\Scripts.

Regards,
Rob



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 03:17:23 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 19:17:23 +1200
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz> <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1@corp.supernews.com>
	<e9scfg$ali$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<3hh3c2pu1b6a34g1u80c9s19a5hqi2omme@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <e9sjcp$ms0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <3hh3c2pu1b6a34g1u80c9s19a5hqi2omme at 4ax.com>, Dennis Lee Bieber
wrote:

> On Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:19:22 +1200, Lawrence D'Oliveiro
> <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> declaimed the following in
> comp.lang.python:
> 
>> 
>> Perhaps because with threads, data is shared by default. Whereas with
>> processes, it is private by default, and needs to be explicitly shared if
>> you want that.
> 
> Or just that the "name" "thread" was a late-comer for some of us...
> 
> The Amiga had "tasks" at the lowest level (these were what the core
> OS library managed -- that core handled task switching, memory
> allocation, and IPC [event flags, message ports]). "Processes" were
> scheduled by the executive, but had additional data -- like stdin/stdout
> and environment variables... all the stuff one could access from a
> command line. Or, confusing for many... Processes were "DOS" level,
> Tasks were "OS" level.

Or for a more up-to-date example, how about the Linux way, where "processes"
and "threads" are just two points on a spectrum of possibilities, all
controlled by options to the clone(2) system call.


From lists at webcrunchers.com  Thu Jul 13 14:33:35 2006
From: lists at webcrunchers.com (John Draper)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:33:35 -0700
Subject: help in xml and python
In-Reply-To: <4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44B691FF.2020902@webcrunchers.com>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

>>can someone please with the code for this.
>>    
>>
>
>Show us your efforts, and we'd be glad to help you correcting/enhancing 
>them.
>
>Or use PayPal and pay one of the guys here - my hourly fee is 50?, and 
>less than one hour work can't be booked.
>
>Diez
>  
>
I remember a few years ago, I posted something like this to the list,
and got flamed 6 ways from Sunday for having the audacity to propose
this.   50 Euros/hour is a very good rate by the way..   if more consultants
would offer their services this inexpensively, then perhaps it might even
be competitive with outsourcing.

John


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 17:48:34 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 14:48:34 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:

Such as what?

>
> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
> system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.
>
> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678

Does it??? How do you represent the decimal number 12349678, then?

> l2 = func (l1)
> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>

I'm sorry, but very little of that makes any sense to me:

1. I thought BCD meant something very much like this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal

2. >>> [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
[1, 2, 13, 6, 8, 7]

So [1], [2], [6] are unchanged, [3, 4] -> [13] (or maybe [3, 4, 5] ->
13),  and [7, 8] -> [8,7].

I doubt very much that there's an algorithm to do that. What is the
relationship between 1234(maybe 5)678 and 0x12D687??? I would expect
something like this::

    0x12345678 (stored in 4 bytes 0x12, ..., 0x78)  -- or 0x21436587
or
    0x012345678s (where s is a "sign" nibble; stored in 5 bytes 0x01,
..., 0x8s)

IOW something regular and explicable ...

3. Perhaps it might be a good idea if you told us what the *real*
problem is, including *exact* quotes from the manual for the embedded
system. You evidently need/want to convert from one representation of
signed? unsigned? integers to another. Once we all understand *what*
those representations are, *then* we can undoubtedly help you with
pseudocode in the form of Python code manipulating lists or whatever.

Cheers,
John



From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 01:15:03 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 22:15:03 -0700
Subject: Help in string.digits functions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8510.1153806716.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8510.1153806716.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153890903.789882.222210@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

Thankyou verymuch for ur inputs.

Hope u might have come across the string deprecation thought of in
Python 3.0 as a result of which we need to use all of these as some
objects

For example : string.lower(str) needs to be some thing like
str.lower().

Can u tell me whether such a change in the common python would require
these string.digits to be changed. If so wat would be ur suggestions

Thanks and regards

Anoop

John McMonagle wrote:

> On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 22:19 -0700, Anoop wrote:
> > Hi All
> >
> > I am getting two different outputs when i do an operation using
> > string.digits and test.isdigit(). Is there any difference between the
> > two. I have given the sample program and the output
> >
> > Thanks for ur inputs
> >
> > Anoop
> >
> > #1:
> > ~~
> > import string
> >
> > test='121206'
> >
> > if test not in string.digits:
> >     print "I am Not Digit"
> > else:
> >     print "I am Digit"
> >
> > #2:
> > ~~
> > import string
> >
> > test='121206'
> >
> > if not test.isdigit():
> >     print "I am Not Digit"
> > else:
> >     print "I am Digit"
> >
> > Output
> > ~~~~~
> > #1:I am Not Digit
> > #2:I am Digit
> >
> > Thnks and Rgds
> >
> > Anoop
> >
>
>
> string.digits is the string constant '0123456789'
>
> So your test, "if test not in string.digits:" will evaluate True because
> '121206' is not in '0123456789'.
>
> Whereas test.isdigit() returns true if all the characters in test are
> digits.
>
> So yes, there is a big difference between the two.
>
> Regards,
>
> John
>
>
>
> --
> This message has been scanned for viruses and
> dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
> believed to be clean.



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 29 04:26:02 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 10:26:02 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org><3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com><mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<0ndkc2p3inb5ugfpjo3hd3crvf129i473p@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <027301c6b2ed$c4283340$03000080@hendrik>


"Dennis Lee Bieber" <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:

| On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:27:18 +0200, "H J van Rooyen"
| <mail at microcorp.co.za> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
|
| >
| > Dennis - did your OS not have a ticker running?
| >
| That ancient machine, while round-robin, multi-priority,
| pre-emptive, seemed still to only "deliver" signals on deliberate
| blocking calls -- perhaps to prevent potential corruption if the signal
| had been delivered(handled) in the middle of some multi-instruction
| sequence. The OS level would "see" the <ctrl-c>, and set the signal bit
| in the task header -- but without the blocking I/O (typically), the code
| to activate a registered signal handler would not be invoked. Operation
| was something like: submit I/O request, AND(signal bits, signal mask) --
| invoke handler if non-zero, block for I/O return [or return directly for
| asynchronous I/O request]

- Hah! - so it *could* have responded - it just chose not to - so it was pre
emptive - but hey - what is different between modern OS's and what you are
describing? - it seems to me that there is just a lot of extra memory control,
as well as control over who is allowed to do what - in an effort to make things
more stable - and all this stuff just eats cycles and slows you down... (or
alternatively, makes the hardware more complex and expensive...)

But to get back to the OP's problem - basically the thread has to see some sort
of variable change, or receive a message (by examining something to see if there
is a message there) and then kill itself, or the OS must be told to stop giving
control back to the thread in question - which option will leave all the loose
ends in the thread loose...

So its either: "hey mr nice thread please stop" - or "hey Mr OS - kill that
thread ..." - now from the OS viewpoint - if the application implements some
threading itself - it may not even know that the thread exists - OS threads are
known variously as "Tasks" or "Processes" or "Running Programmes" - so using the
big guns on a thread may not be possible without killing the parent too...

So if you want to use the OS to kill the thread - it has to be a formal OS
thread - something started with a call to the OS, and not something that an
application implements by itself - and I am not familiar enough with Python
threading and dummy threading to pretend to know what is "under the hood" - but
I haven't seen an additional process appearing on my Linux box when I start a
thread - so its either something that Python does on its own without
"registering" the new thread with Linux - or I haven't looked closely enough...

So if somebody else can take over here, we might convince the OP that "hey mr
nice thread" is the way to go, even in the case that the "thread" in question is
an OS Process - after all - there has to be inter - task communication in any
case - so the cleanest solution is to build the kill in right from scratch...

Why do I think of COBOL:

read master_file_record at end go to end_routine....

HTH   - Hendrik




From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul  6 12:44:37 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 18:44:37 +0200
Subject: python/xpath question...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7866.1152202933.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7866.1152202933.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44ad3dfa$0$29135$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

bruce wrote:
> for guys with python/xpath expertise..
> 
> i'm playing with xpath.. and i'm trying to solve an issue...
> 
> i have the following kind of situation where i'm trying to get certain data.
> 
> i have a bunch of tr/td...
> 
> i can create an xpath, that gets me all of the tr.. i only want to get the
> sibling tr up until i hit a 'tr' that has a 'th' anybody have an idea as to
> how this query might be created?..

I'm not quite sure how this is supposed to be related to Python, but if you're
trying to find a sibling, what about using the "sibling" axis in XPath?

Stefan


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Fri Jul 28 01:44:02 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 05:44:02 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053874.100840.122250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Cuhyg.21880$Cn6.13458@tornado.texas.rr.com>


"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1154053874.100840.122250 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
> Hello Chaos,
>
> Then of course if you do the whole thing many times you could just
> pre-generate the indices as in:
> all_indices=[]
> for i in xrange(thisHeight):
>   for j in xrange(thisWidth):
>      all_indices.append( (i,j) )
>

Or just:

all_indices = [ (i,j) for i in xrange(thisHeight) for j in
xrange(thisWidth) ]

Embrace those list comprehensions!

-- Paul




From walterbyrd at iname.com  Tue Jul 25 15:59:42 2006
From: walterbyrd at iname.com (walterbyrd)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:59:42 -0700
Subject: Accessing files on a PocketPC device
Message-ID: <1153857582.592715.4200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I want my python app to read a file from a pocketpc mobile device, if
possible.

Assume I am running windows-xp, and activesync 3.8. Assume I have
"exported" the file.

As I understand it, exported files are not really on the PC, even after
syncing. You have to use your stylus on the PDA to get to the file in
question, then use your PC mouse to drag the file onto the PC. I hate
this. As it is, to get to the file, I have to open "my computer" then
open the "mobile device" icon.

Is there any way for a python script to access a file on the PDA?
Assume, I know exactly where the file is located, and what the file is
named.



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 14:55:58 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 11:55:58 -0700
Subject: Math package
Message-ID: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I want to write a program which would have a 2 dimensional array of 1
billion by 1 billion. This is for computational purposes and evaluating
a mathematical concept similar to Erdos number.

Which is the best package for such programs (that would be fast
enough). 

Every help is appreciated.

Thanks



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul  3 11:48:16 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 17:48:16 +0200
Subject: Program analysis (pseudocode if possible)
In-Reply-To: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a93c41$0$22783$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Vusi wrote:
> #include <err.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
> #include <string.h>
> #include <sys/ioctl.h>
> #include <sys/types.h>
> #include <sys/socket.h>
> #include <net/route.h>
> #include <net/if.h>
> #include <netinet/in.h>
> #include <arpa/inet.h>
> #include <net/if_ether.h>
> #include <net/if_dl.h>
> #include <ifaddrs.h>
> #include <stdio.h>
> 
> #include "ipschema.h"
> #include "ssrv/sockaddr.h"
> 
> #ifndef lint
> __RCSID("$Id: ethip.c 2314 2004-12-29 01:00:25Z dyoung $");
> #endif
> 
> #define ETHIP "ethip"
> #define WLANIP "wlanip"
> #define RTMSGIP "rtip"
> #define ETH6IP "eth6ip"
> #define WLAN6IP "wlan6ip"
> 
> #define ENDSWITH(s, end) (strlen((s)) >= strlen((end)) && \
>                           strcmp((s) + strlen((s)) - strlen((end)),
> end) == 0)
> 
> void
> usage(const char *proggie)
> {
> 	errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Usage: %s <interface>", proggie);
> }
> 
> int
> main(int argc, char **argv)
> {
> 	char buf[100];
> 	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
> 	int masklen, rc;
> 	struct sockaddr *iaddr;
> 	struct ether_addr mac;
> 	struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa_iter;
> 	ab_to_ip_t ab_to_ip;
> 
> 	if (argc < 2)
> 		usage(argv[0]);
> 
> 	if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], ETHIP)) {
> 		ab_to_ip = ab_to_eth_ip;
> 	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], WLANIP)) {
> 		ab_to_ip = ab_to_wlan_ip;
> 	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], RTMSGIP)) {
> 		ab_to_ip = ab_to_routemsg_ip;
> 	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], ETH6IP)) {
> 		ab_to_ip = ab_to_eth_ip6;
> 	} else {
> 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: unimplemented.", argv[0]);
> 	}
> 
> 	if (getifaddrs(&ifap) == -1)
> 		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "ioctl");
> 
> 	for (ifa_iter = ifap; ifa_iter; ifa_iter = ifa_iter->ifa_next)
> 		if (strcmp(ifa_iter->ifa_name, argv[1]) == 0)
> 			break;
> 
> 	if (!ifa_iter)
> 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "no such interface as %s", argv[1]);
> 
> 	for (ifa_iter = ifap; ifa_iter; ifa_iter = ifa_iter->ifa_next) {
> 		if (strcmp(ifa_iter->ifa_name, argv[1]) != 0)
> 			continue;
> 		if (ifa_iter->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_LINK)
> 			break;
> 	}
> 
> 	if (!ifa_iter)
> 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "no link-level address for %s", argv[1]);
> 
> 	sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)ifa_iter->ifa_addr;
> 
> 	(void)memcpy(&mac, LLADDR(sdl), sizeof(mac));
> 	masklen = mac_to_ip(&mac, ab_to_ip, &iaddr);
> 	rc = sockaddr_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%a", iaddr);
> 	if (rc == -1 || rc >= sizeof(buf))
> 		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: sockaddr_snprintf", getprogname());
> 	sockaddr_free(iaddr);
> 	(void)printf("%s/%d\n", buf, masklen);
> 
> 	freeifaddrs(ifap);
> 	return 0;
> }
> 

<pseudocode>

BEGIN PROGRAM
  read_this('http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html')
  do_your_homework()
END PROGRAM

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From destubes at tampabay.rr.com  Fri Jul  7 08:50:56 2006
From: destubes at tampabay.rr.com (Michael Fisher)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:50:56 GMT
Subject: what's wrong here? (search script)
In-Reply-To: <1152217757.809404.194040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152206879.397372.106100@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152217757.809404.194040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <QMsrg.45415$LT2.40679@tornado.tampabay.rr.com>

Brendan Fay wrote:
> I figured it out.  Is there any way to delete your own posts?
> 
> Brendan Fay wrote:
>> Dear Someone:
>>
>>      I have written a script that accesses the googleAPI through
>> pygoogle and saves each of the ten documents as a .txt file by using a
>> specific function for each respective file type (.doc, .pdf, .html) to
>> convert it to such.  Everything works fine, except that I am trying to
>> make it search and return another result in the event that a file type
>> other than .doc, .pdf, .html, or .txt comes up.  Python is new to me
>> and I'm not sure why my method doesn't work.  I'd really appreciate any
>> advice; here is the relevant code:
>>
>> def searchhelper(words, start=0, max=10):
>> 	data = google.doGoogleSearch(words)
>> 	objlist = data.results
>> 	urllist = map((lambda x: x.URL), objlist)
>> 	return urllist
>>
>>
>> def searchhelper2(initwords, urls, counter):
>> 	for url in urls:
>> 		if findinlink(url, 'pdf'): # all these functions are defined
>> elsewhere,
>> 			convertpdf(url)  # fbut they definitely are working properly
>> 		elif findinlink(url, 'htm'):
>> 			converthtml(url)
>> 		elif findinlink(url, 'txt'):
>> 			urllib.urlretrieve(url, parse(x))
>> 		elif findinlink(url, 'doc'):
>> 			convertdoc(url)
>> 		elif not findinlink(url, '.'):
>> 			converthtml(url)
>> 		else:
>> 			urllist = urls[counter + 1:] + searchhelper(initwords, 11 + counter,
>> 1) # (I'm
>> 			searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, counter + 1)# assuming this is
>> where I have      #
>>                                   erred; however, I'm not sure)
>>
>>
>> def search(initwords):
>> 	urllist = searchhelper(initwords)
>> 	searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, 0)
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Brendan
> 

Instead of deleting the previous post, you should post the solution for 
all to learn from.

desNotes


From grante at visi.com  Sun Jul 30 22:53:56 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 02:53:56 -0000
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12cqs64str7jf18@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-30, John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:

>> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code
>> result.
>
> This is comp.lang.python, not comp.algorithms
>
> Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?

It's top secret.  If he told us, he'd have to kill us.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  ... I see TOILET
                                  at               SEATS...
                               visi.com            


From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Tue Jul 25 07:20:17 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:20:17 +0200
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <022001c6afdc$4ee2f340$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

Hi,

      Below your solution ready to run. Put get_statistics () in a loop that feeds it the names from your file, makes an ouput file
name from it and passes both 'statistics' and the ouput file name to file_statistics ().

Cheers,

Frederic


----- Original Message -----
From: <ankitdesai at gmail.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Monday, July 24, 2006 5:48 PM
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats


> I would like to parse a couple of tables within an individual player's
> SHTML page. For example, I would like to get the "Actual Pitching
> Statistics" and the "Translated Pitching Statistics" portions of Babe
> Ruth page (http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/ruthba01.shtml) and
> store that info in a CSV file.
>
> Also, I would like to do this for numerous players whose IDs I have
> stored in a text file (e.g.: cobbty01, ruthba01, speaktr01, etc.).
> These IDs should change the URL to get the corresponding player's
> stats. Is this doable and if yes, how? I have only recently finished
> learning Python (used the book: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist:
> Learning with Python). Thanks for your help...
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

import SE, urllib

Tag_Stripper = SE.SE ('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=" ')
CSV_Maker    = SE.SE (' "~\s+~=(9)" ')

# SE is the hacker's Swiss army knife. You find it in the Cheese Shop.
# It strips your tags and puts in the CSV separator and if you needed other
# translations, it would do those too on two lines of code.
#       If you don't want tabs, define the CSV_Maker accordingly, putting
# your separator in the place of '(9)':
# CSV_Maker = SE.SE ('"~\s+~=,"')  # Now it's a comma

def get_statistics (name_of_player):

   statistics = {

   # Uncomment those you want
   #   'Actual Batting Statistics'              : [],
        'Actual Pitching Statistics'             : [],
   #   'Advanced Batting Statistics'            : [],
        'Advanced Pitching Statistics'           : [],
   #   'Fielding Statistics as Center Fielder'  : [],
   #   'Fielding Statistics as First Baseman'   : [],
   #   'Fielding Statistics as Left Fielder'    : [],
   #   'Fielding Statistics as Pitcher'         : [],
   #   'Fielding Statistics as Right Fielder'   : [],
   #   'Statistics as DH/PH/Other'              : [],
   #   'Translated Batting Statistics'          : [],
   #   'Translated Pitching Statistics'         : [],

   }

   url = 'http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/%s.shtml' % name_of_player
   htm_page = urllib.urlopen (url)
   htm_lines = htm_page.readlines ()
   htm_page.close ()
   current_list = None
   for line in htm_lines:
      text_line = Tag_Stripper (line).strip ()
      if line.startswith ('<h3'):
         if statistics.has_key (text_line):
            current_list = statistics [text_line]
            current_list.append (text_line)
         else:
            current_list = None
      else:
        if current_list != None:
            if text_line:
               current_list.append (CSV_Maker (text_line))

   return statistics


def show_statistics (statistics):
   for category in statistics:
      for record in statistics [category]:
         print record
      print


def file_statistics (file_name, statistics):
   f = file (file_name, 'wa')
   for category in statistics:
      f.write ('%s\n' % category)
      for line in statistics [category][1:]:
         f.write ('%s\n' % line)
   f.close ()




From ryanshewcraft at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:03:16 2006
From: ryanshewcraft at gmail.com (ryanshewcraft at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:03:16 -0700
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153832596.886842.218820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

You guys are right it is getting passed initially.  I checked in by
printing the self.regressors in the class and it gives the list.  But I
get the error:  TypeError: iteration over non-sequence for

def Regress(self):
        print self.regressors
        for reg in self.regressors:
            index = HedgeFund(self.dbh, reg)
            indexTS[reg] =  FundReturnSeries(dbh,index, sd, ed)
            indexNames[reg] = index.Name()
            header.append(index.Name())
            header.append("t-statistic")
        header.append("r-squared")
        fh_csv.writerow(header)

and when I print self.regressors here it only gives me the first number
in the list.  This bit of code is directly below the __init__ method.
Any ideas what I'm doing wrong?  Thanks for the quick response so far.



From jo at durchholz.org  Sat Jul 15 18:37:14 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 00:37:14 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> As I said elsewhere, the record has an identity even though it isn't
>> explicit in SQL.
> 
> Hmmmm. What can this mean?
> 
> In general, I feel that "records" are not the right conceptual
> level to think about.

They are, when it comes to aliasing of mutable data. I think it's 
justified by the fact that aliased mutable data has a galling tendency 
to break abstraction barriers. (More on this on request.)

> In any event, I am not sure what you mean by non-explicit
> identity.

The identity isn't visible from inside SQL. (Unless there's an OID 
facility available, which *is* an explicit identity.)

 > I would say, records in SQL have value, and their
> identity is exactly their value.

Definitely not. You can have two equal records and update just one of 
them, yielding non-equal records; by my definition (and by intuition), 
this means that the records were equal but not identical.

 > I do not see that they have
> any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
> any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
> than one key, and an update may change the values of one
> key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
> definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
> of a table after an update to each record of the table before
> the update, and if you can't do that, then where
> is the record identity?

Such a mapping is indeed possible. Simply extend the table with a new 
column, number the columns consecutively, and identify the records via 
that column.

But even if you don't do that, there's still identity. It is irrelevant 
whether the programs can directly read the value of the identity field; 
the adverse effects happen because updates are in-place. (If every 
update generated a new record, then we'd indeed have no identity.)

> Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
> general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.

No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an 
alias, it would have to be a reference to something.

However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly 
important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is 
essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is 
vacuously true.

There's another aspect here. If two expressions are always aliases to 
the same mutable, that's usually easy to determine; this kind of 
aliasing is usually not much of a problem.
What's more of a problem are those cases where there's occasional 
aliasing. I.e. a[i] and a[j] may or may not be aliases of each other, 
depending on the current value of i and j, and *that* is a problem 
because the number of code paths to be tested doubles. It's even more of 
a problem because testing with random data will usually not uncover the 
case where the aliasing actually happens; you have to go around and 
construct test cases specifically for the code paths that have aliasing. 
Given that references may cross abstraction barriers (actually that's 
often the purpose of constructing a reference in the first place), this 
means you have to look for your test cases at multiple levels of 
software abstraction, and *that* is really, really bad.

> That is so general that I am concerned it has lost its ability to
> identify problems specific to pointers.

If the reference to "pointers" above means "references", then I don't 
know about any pointer problems that cannot be reproduced, in one form 
or the other, in any of the other aliasing mechanisms.

> Again, by generalizing the term this far, I am concerned with a
> loss of precision. If "joe" in the prolog is a references, then
> "reference" is just a term for "data" that is being used in a
> certain way. The conection with a specfic address space
> has been lost in favor of the full domain of the datatype.

Aliasing is indeed a more general idea that goes beyond address spaces.

However, identity and aliasing can be defined in fully abstract terms, 
so I welcome this opportunity to get rid of a too-concrete model.

>> The records still have identities. It's possible to have two WHERE
>> clauses that refer to the same record, and if you update the record
>> using one WHERE clause, the record returned by the other WHERE clause
>> will have changed, too.
> 
> Is this any different from saying that an expression that includes
> a variable will produce a different value if the variable changes?

Yes.
Note that the WHERE clause properly includes array indexing (just set up 
a table that has continuous numeric primary key, and a single other column).

I.e. I'm not talking about how a[i] is an alias of a[i+1] after updating 
i, I'm talking about how a[i] may be an alias of a[j].

> It seems odd to me to suggest that "i+1" has identity.

It doesn't (unless it's passed around as a closure, but that's 
irrelevant to this discussion).
"i" does have identity. "a[i]" does have identity. "a[i+1]" does have 
identity.
Let me say that for purposes of this discussion, if it can be assigned 
to (or otherwise mutated), it has identity. (We *can* assign identity to 
immutable things, but it's equivalent to equality and not interesting 
for this discussion.)

 > I can see
> that i has identity, but I would say that "i+1" has only value.

Agreed.

> But perhaps the ultimate upshoot of this thread is that my use
> of terminology is nonstandard.

It's somewhat restricted, but not really nonstandard.

>> Possibly. There are so many isolation levels that I have to look them up
>> whenever I want to get the terminology 100% correct.
> 
> Hmmm. Is it that there are so many, or that they are simply not
> part of our daily concern?

I guess it's the latter. IIRC there are four or five isolation levels.

 > It seems to me there are more different
> styles of parameter passing than there are isolation levels, but
> I don't usually see (competent) people (such as yourself) getting
> call-by-value confused with call-by-reference.

Indeed.
Though the number of parameter passing mechanisms isn't that large 
anyway. Off the top of my head, I could recite just three (by value, by 
reference, by name aka lazy), the rest are just combinations with other 
concepts (in/out/through, most notably) or a mapping to implementation 
details (by reference vs. "pointer by value" in C++, for example).

Regards,
Jo


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:38:35 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 07:38:35 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
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	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
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	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> (snip)
> >>>>
> >>>>>I have used that name in
> >>>>>dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC.
> >>>>
> >>>>Too bad for you.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>Thank you, that was helpful.
> >>
> >>What am I supposed to say ? You choose a bad name for a public symbol,
> >>used it in 27000 lines of Python code (which certainly took some time to
> >>write),
> >
> >
> > This is a __baseless__ statement.
>
> Please explain what's wrong ? The "bad naming" part is your own
> statement, the "27000 lines" is your own statement too, and I don't see
> what's wrong with the assumption that producing 27000 lines of Python
> took some time.
>
> > For all you know I could have used
> > the attribute twice in those 27000 lines of code.
>
> How does this make my statement wrong ? Did I imply that you used this
> attribute in each and any of the 27000 lines ?
>
> > Even then searching
> > for and replacing the attribute is tedious and error prone.
>
> Indeed, and whether you believe it or not, I do share your pain here. I
> had to face similar problem, and without even find and grep (a dumb
> 'CASE Tool' that stored it's proprietary language code in a
> non-documented binary format and was missing decent, reliable
> search/replace utilities). And the project was actually more than
> 50KLOC, forms description excluded.
>
> >
> >>and all of a sudden you realize the name is bad and proceed to
> >>fix the problem.
> >
> > Yes, the same way many programmers suddenly realize their class,
> > function, method, project, etc is poorly designed even after using it
> > for months and proceed to fix the problem. Shit happens.
>
> Agreed. I don't pretend to be better than anyone else at this.
>
> >
> >>If you know of any other way than a massive
> >>find/replace, please share.
> >
> >
> > I wouldn't have started the topic if I did. Apparently the only
> > solution is to rereference the attribute with a better name and pray
> > and hope third party developers will use the better name. Or search and
> > replace!
>
> Is actually this code already published ? If yes, you have the option of
> making the 'tmp' accessor a computed attribute pointing to the better
> named one, have the hidden getter/setter code emit a warning (including
> useful informations about where the attributes is accessed - this is
> opened to inspection), and officialy deprecate the badly named attribute
> so you can definitively get rid of it in a near release.
>
> >
> >>But blaming the language for your error won't help.
> >
> > I did no such thing, you are making that up.
>
> Sorry, that's what I understood. If it's me being guilty of
> overreaction, please accept my apologies.
>
> >
> >>>>>There's a chance that other
> >>>>>develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
> >>>>>emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
> >>>>>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.
> >>>>
> >>>>So why did you name it that way at first ?
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>What does it matter? There are 10 million and one reasons from given
> >>>identifiers bad names.
> >>
> >>And how many reasons to use a bad name in 27000 LOCs before deciding to
> >>fix the problem ?
> >>
> >
> > Do you really think I used the name 27000 times in 27000 lines of code?
>
> Of course not. But since 27KLOC is far from trivial for a Python
> application, one can think that you had time to notice something wrong
> with the naming/use of this attribute.
>
> > Maybe I'm not making myself clear. Having to search 27000 lines of code
> > to replace an identifier name is tedious and error prone.
>
> Yes. You can of course encapsulate access to the attribute in a property
> and have that property either emit a warning, raise an exception, log
> the access etc, so if you missed some use of it, chances are you'll find
> out pretty soon. Unit tests may help too - they can be great for
> reporting broken code. You may also want to look if lint-like tools
> (pylint etc) can help you there.
>
> >
> >>>>>Now compare that
> >>>>>to the accessors.
> >>>>
> >>>>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>I didn't say it wasn't.
> >>
> >>Yes you did. May I quote ?
> >>"""
> >>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others. Now compare that
> >>to the accessors. Not only do they improve readability at the expense
> >>of more code, they actually allow me to change the lousily named
> >>attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
> >>searching, replacing and praying.
> >>"""
> >>
> >>This obviously implies that you don't understand 'tmp' as being an accessor.
> >>
> >
> > You are quoting me out of context. I was speaking with respect to real
> > accessors, not Python's latent implementation mechanisms.
>
> This I had understood. My point is that if you *see* a public attribute
> name as really being an accessor with automagical default
> getters/setters (FWIW, look at the __getattribute__ method and Python's
> name lookup rules - you'll notice that it's really how it works), then
> your "compare that to accessors" doesn't stand.
>
> >
> >>>>>Not only do they improve readability
> >>>>
> >>>>Err... do you find:
> >>>>
> >>>>obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
> >>>>val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()
> >>>>
> >>>>really more readable than:
> >>>>
> >>>>obj.temporary_buffer = val
> >>>>val = obj.temporary_buffer
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>I didn't name the attribute temporary_buffer, I named it tmp.
> >>
> >>You didn't name the *accessor* 'temporary_buffer', you named it 'tmp'.
> >>You are *exactly* in the same situation as if you had used getter/setter
> >>named "get_tmp" and 'set_tmp". And your point about getters/setters
> >>"improving readability" is moot.
> >
> > No I'm not. Naming attributes and naming methods are entirely different
> > situations.
>
> Why ?
>
> In Python, a "method" is nothing else than a descriptor (attribute)
> returning a callable. I agree that there's a small difference between a
> callable and a non-callable object, in that you can apply the __call__
> operator only to callables, but this doesn't make such a difference
> here. In Python, methods are attributes. And naming is naming.
>
> >
> (snip)
> >>
> >>>In Java there's a clear distinction between attributes
> >>>and methods.
> >>
> >>Yes, and that's a big weakness of Java. But that's another point, and
> >>absolutely irrelevant here. Failing to understand a language semantics
> >>gives no right to complain about the language.
> >>
> >
> > I never complained about either languages. You are making that up.
>
> I may be misunderstanding your point about "Java having a clear
> distinction between attributes and methods" and overinterpreting it as
> implying "Python doesn't and it led me into a bad situation, hence Java
> is Good(tm) and Python is Bad(tm)". If so, once again, I do apologize.
>
> >>>>>Sure, if you are dealing with less
> >>>>>than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
> >>>>>But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
> >>>>>developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.
> >>>>
> >>>>Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.>
> >>>
> >>>I choose good names for most of my APIs. But there cases when you never
> >>>know an attribute will actually be an API before hand.
> >>
> >>Then don't make it part of the API. And anyway, 27000 lines of Python
> >>take some time to write, so you had the opportunity to address the
> >>problem long ago - FWIW, you could have fixed it as soon as you noticed
> >>you were accessing this attribute in client code.
> >>
> >
> > Yes, I fixed it then. Which was 27000 lines of code later.
>
> Not exactly a garden party.
>
> >>>>>Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
> >>>>
> >>>>or 'tmp'.
> >>>>
> >>>>>But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> >>>>>less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
> >>>>
> >>>>s/developpers/you/>
> >>>
> >>>Ha, right! I bet you are perfect developer.
> >>
> >>Certainly not, but I wouldn't confuse my own problems with a general
> >>rule. Note FWIW that I wouldn't blame a language (or my lack of
> >>understanding of that language) for my own errors.
> >>
> >
> > Can you point me to exactly where I blamed Python for anything?
>
> Point addressed above.
>
> >>>>>This
> >>>>>stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> >>>>>usually part of the API,
> >>>>
> >>>>Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
> >>>>*All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>I didn't say attributes weren't objects.
> >>
> >>Nope, but you constantly bring that false "data/method" dichotomy in
> >>your justifications for having badly named a public symbol.
> >
> > There is a dichotomy between data and methods. Yes even in Python.
>
> The only dichotomy, from a technical POV, is that methods are callable -
> but so are classes, and any object that has a '__call__' attribute that
> is itself a callable. The 'dichotomy' here is the same as the dichotomy
> between iterable and non iterable objects. Of between file-like and
> non-file like objects. IOW, the difference amounts to supported
> interface, not to the very nature of the concerned objects.
>
> >>>>>I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
> >>>>>philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
> >>>>>state their intended purpose.
> >>>>
> >>>>That's true for each and every name in a program.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>>I don't hold data attributes to such
> >>>>>standards
> >>>>
> >>>>Too bad for you.
> >>>>
> >>>Thank you.
> >>
> >>For what ? You "don't hold data attributes to such standard". As a
> >>consequence (and as a result of not having addressed the problem
> >>sooner), you end up fixing 27000 lines of code. Too bad for you then.
> >>Some would haved learned from the mistake, which then would have turned
> >>into experience. Seems more and more obvious that you prefer to come
> >>whining here instead and blaming the language for your own errors. Too
> >>bad for you again.
> >>
> >
> > That's just silly.
>
> Yes, agreed. My fault. Let's take it back and not start fighting because
> of a misunderstanding.
>
> (snip)
>
> >>>>>and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
> >>>>>other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
> >>>>>attributes are not intended to be APIs,
> >>>>
> >>>>Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
> >>>>underscore).
> >>>
> >>>I thought that too was unpythonic.
> >>
> >>It's a well-known convention, as you would have noticed if you had read
> >>some existing python code, read PEP8, or just looked/asked for Python
> >>naming conventions. FWIW, that's one of the first thing I learned with
> >>Python.
> >>
> >
> > I know. Many people still think the private/public classification is
> > unpythonic.
>
> I'd rather say that many people thinks that language-enforced access
> restrictors and the "public methods/private data" scheme are unpythonic.
>  And that if you're not sure wether a given name should be API or
> implementation then make it part of the API - but then choose a
> meaningful name for it !-)
>
>
> >>>>>but eventually become one.
> >>>>>After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
> >>>>>methods.
> >>>>
> >>>>Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
> >>>>both callable and non-callable attributes.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>Or objects have state and behavior. Data attributes represent state and
> >>>methods represent behavior.
> >>
> >>Is a getter "behaviour" ? If yes, how does this differ from public
> >>"data" attributes from a semantic POV ?
> >>
> > Yes, a getter is a behavior. It instructs the object to perform an
> > action. All methods are message channels to an object.
>
> Ok. Python's name lookup all go thru the __getattribute__ accessor. So
>  obj.value
> is a synonym for
>  obj.__getattribute__('value')
>
> which, according to your definition, is behaviour. Hence, there's *no*
> "data attribute" in Python.
>
> > A data attribute
> > does not perform any action. It just holds data for an object.
>
> The attribute itself may not perform any action, but looking up the name
> is an action.
>
> > Even
> > though methods are attributes, attributes aren't necessarily methods.
>
> Indeed.
>
> > This is basic OO, I don't see anything semantically complex about it.
>
> It becomes complex when the languages sees functions as first-order
> objects supporting the Callable interfaces and let you define your own
> callable objects, and sees attribute-access as call to an hidden (well,
> not that much hidden) getter/setter mechanism that one as all lattitude
> to customize in many ways. Seeing that way really takes you out of the
> Java semantic/mindset (well, at least it did to me, and I guess for at
> least a few others).
>
> >>>I'm not new to Python
> >>>either.
> >>
> >>New enough to not understand how Python's object model, semantic and
> >>overall philosophy strongly differs from Java/C++.
> >>
> >
> > This isn't an issue about object models and semantics, this is a
> > design/architecture issue with regards to eliminating the chances of
> > errors in large source code.
>
> I was talking about the way you IMHO try to force-fit the common
> "private data/public method" scheme (and it's associated dichotomy
> between data and functions) into Python. Of course callable and
> non-callable attributes usually have different usages, but we're really
> far from the Java model where's the dichotomy between "data" and "code"
> is irremediable.
>
> Now wrt/ your naming problem, I think that you would not have done the
> mistake if you had apply has much care to the naming of a non-callable
> attribute as you assert (and I don't doubt you on this) you would have
> for a callable one. You explain that you failed to do so because of you
> viewing "data attributes" (ie non-callable attributes) as fundamentally
> different from "methods" (ie callable attributes), so I try to share the
> POV that Python is really different here, hoping this will help you
> detect similar errors sooner.
>
>
> >>>>If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
> >>>>the bad naming.
> >>>
> >>>I never intended it to be part of the API.
> >>
> >>So you should not have used it outside the class.
> >>
> > The fact that I did, means I should have.
>
> Then if you felt it finally had to be part of the API *and* was badly
> named, you should have renamed it immediatly.
>
> But granted, it's easier to say so afterward than to make the right
> choice in the moment.
>
> >
> >>>It evolved to be an
> >>>important part of the system.
> >>
> >>Then you had plenty of occasions to address the problem.
> >>
> >
> > And how did you come up with that?
>
> By understanding "evolved" as a process (implying a timeline), and
> "important part of the system" as widely used.
>
> (snip fighting part)
>
> >>>I only just noticed because I was trying to implement
> >>>a plug-in system and I needed to expose an important class. I would not
> >>>have considered the issue a problem without this requirement. Except
> >>>you are a prophet, you sometimes can't know before hand how certain
> >>>classes will end up being used especially if requirements suddenly
> >>>change.
> >>
> >>Yes, that's something I'm well aware of. And that's why I pay attention
> >>to naming and to interface/implementation separation.
> >>
> >
> > Good for you.
>
> That doesn't mean I get it right.
>
> (snip, idem)
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"

Okay, I feel I need to make myself clear. I certainly I'm not blaming
Python for my mistakes. And I don't think language X is better than
Python or vice-versa. Okay scrap the vice-versa. It was silly of me to
name the variable tmp regardless of whatever excuses I have. This also
doesn't mean in the future I wouldn't use shitty names for my
attributes. :-) I most likely will. But at least now I know how to
minimize its impact of such carelessness. I mentioned them above but I
repeat it hear again.

1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
think about making it a property and name the property well, because
you never know...

Other than that we are just arguing semantics of language. For example,
your view of objects is by categorizing its attributes in callable and
non-callable. However, my categorization is state(data) and
behavior(methods). Neither ways of thinking about it is wrong. It just
reflects the way we design classes. When I'm coding I certainly don't
care about how Python accesses tmp. What I do care about is how to
change tmp without breaking code left, right and center and the
facilities Python provides for making my code robust. Most other OO
languages provide accessors in addition to keywords for that kind of
stuff. I knew it wasn't Pythonic, but I wanted to know the Pythonic way
to do it. So I asked. My query does not automatically suggest Python
sucks. Neither those it suggest that Java or other OO languages are
better. I asked because I sincerely wanted to know the Pythonic way
handling issues like that.



From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 16:04:16 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:04:16 -0500
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17597.16064.734340.127178@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    T> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?

    T> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
    T>   print line

No.  The magic of reference counting.

S


From Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 06:21:39 2006
From: Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?S=E9bastien_Boisg=E9rault?=)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 03:21:39 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152958899.101978.137740@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Jack a ?crit :

> If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
> of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?
>
> PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
> Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough.

You mean Lua ? Not powerful enough ? What do you mean by
that ? Lua is great IMHO. Sure it does not come with thousands
of libraries, but the language design is extremely clean, the
language constructs powerful and the footprint very small.

16kloc of C code can't hurt your embedded device can they ? ;)

Please tell us what kind of limitation you find in Lua ...

Cheers,

SB



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Mon Jul 17 20:20:57 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:20:57 +1000
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
In-Reply-To: <1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153182057.5244.23.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Mon, 2006-07-17 at 16:59 -0700, spec wrote:
> Thanks, actually there are no args, is there something even simpler?
> 
> Thanks
> Frank
> 
> 
> Thomas Nelson wrote:
> > If your script is foo.sh and takes args:
> > import subprocess
> > subprocess.call(["foo.sh","args"],shell=True)
> > Should work fine.  check out
> > http://www.python.org/dev/doc/maint24/lib/module-subprocess.html
> >
> > Enjoy,
> > THN
> >
> > spec wrote:
> > > Hi all, I know nothing about Python. What I need to do is to get a
> > > Python script to execute a local shell script. I do not need any
> > > output. What would be th eeasiest way to accomplish this?
> > > 
> > > Thanks!
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 

Check out os.popen4  or the commands module.




-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From dale at riverhall.nospam.co.uk  Thu Jul 27 13:02:19 2006
From: dale at riverhall.nospam.co.uk (Dale Strickland-Clark)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:02:19 +0100
Subject: write()
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D6083D770rzed@208.49.80.253>
	<1154016748.541330.158770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <wk6yg.49485$9n3.40003@fe13.usenetserver.com>

manuhack wrote:

> Then is there any way to create a directory under XP using Python?

import os
os.mkdir("C:\\myosisbroken")

-- 
Dale Strickland-Clark
Riverhall Systems www.riverhall.co.uk



From jes at nl.demon.net  Wed Jul  5 10:27:08 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 14:27:08 -0000
Subject: socket buffer flush question
References: <1152104115.156123.120200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12anj1s61lvvv48@corp.supernews.com>

In article <1152104115.156123.120200 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Kiran <Kiran.Karra at gmail.com> wrote:
>Hello Everybody!
>  I am writing a networking application in python for a small piece of
>hardware, in which there could sometimes be timeouts.  I am using
>sockets to communicate to this device.  Data that is sent to the device
>is instructions for that piece of hardware, and data recieved is just
>responses from that hardware.
>  When a timeout happens, for some reason extra data is stored inside
>the buffer, so when the timeout is over, that extra data (remember this
>data is instructions) is executed by the hardware, which I don't want.
>For timeout purposes, I want the socket to be nonblocking, but at the
>same time this means that I can't flush the buffer, which I think would
>solve the problem.
>
>I realize this is probably quite unclear, so below is a tcpdump which
>will explain what I mean.
>
>15:10:37.667963 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 481:493(12)
>ack 481 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157458905 528016> (DF)
>			 4500 0040 090c 4000 4006 599f 8fd1 06f2
>			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9289 a552 55df
>			 8018 16d0 c3ec 0000 0101 080a 0962 a1d9
>			 0008 0e90 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000

You sent a read f8000110 command to the device 12 bytes, sequence
481..493 in this connection. You've received 480 bytes from the device

>15:10:51.107769 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 481:493(12)
>ack 481 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 528016> (DF)
>			 4500 0040 090d 4000 4006 599e 8fd1 06f2
>			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9289 a552 55df
>			 8018 16d0 beac 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
>			 0008 0e90 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000

You sent the command again

>15:10:51.108259 192.168.128.161.46667 > aurl06f2.39979: P 481:493(12)
>ack 493 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 533605 157460249> (DF)
>			 4500 0040 5580 4000 3f06 0e2b c0a8 80a1
>			 8fd1 06f2 b64b 9c2b a552 55df 30c7 9295
>			 8018 16a0 dbf5 0000 0101 080a 0008 2465
>			 0962 a719 8000 0001 f800 0110 0000 4d05

the device responds to your command with 12 bytes, which also appear
to be sequence 481..493. The device confirms it has received 492 bytes
from your program. I assume every command gets an equal length
return, so that when things are running correctly, the received
sequence numbers will match the last sent command.


>15:10:51.108283 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 493:565(72)
>ack 493 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 533605> (DF)
>			 4500 007c 090e 4000 4006 5961 8fd1 06f2
>			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9295 a552 55eb
>			 8018 16d0 cb29 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
>			 0008 2465 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000
>			 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000 0000 0001
>			 f800

It looks to me like you've sent 6 more commands during the timeout period,
so you should expect 6 responses back, the first being sequence
493..505, then another for 505..517, etc.

>            ************* NOTICE THE EXTRA DATA *****************
>15:10:51.108731 192.168.128.161.46667 > aurl06f2.39979: P 493:505(12)
>ack 565 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 533605 157460249> (DF)
>			 4500 0040 5581 4000 3f06 0e2a c0a8 80a1
>			 8fd1 06f2 b64b 9c2b a552 55eb 30c7 92dd
>			 8018 16a0 db99 0000 0101 080a 0008 2465
>			 0962 a719 8000 0001 f800 0110 0000 4d0d

Here the device confirms that it has received 564 bytes from your
program and sends the first 12 bytes of responses.


>15:10:51.111760 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 565:577(12)
>ack 505 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 533605> (DF)
>			 4500 0040 090f 4000 4006 599c 8fd1 06f2
>			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 92dd a552 55f7
>			 8018 16d0 a867 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
>			 0008 2465 0000 0001 f800 0114 0000 0000


you send another command. At this point you've sent 576 bytes out (48
commands) and received back 504 bytes (42 responses). The last
response shows that 47 of the commands have made it to the device and
are (presumably) awaiting processing.

>The last 3 words (32 bits/word) of the hex printout shows the
>condition.  The first of the last 3 words is the instruction, in this
>case a read instruction: 0000_0001.  The second is the address:
>f800_0110 or f800_0114.  The third is the data recieved.
>As you can see, the first 2 printouts are a timeout (it is much longer
>than this, but i didnt want to post all of that) because one machine is
>communicating to the other without a response.  The third printout is
>when the machine recovers from the timeout, and it works fine.
>However, the printout after the machine recovers has some extra data at
>the end.  This is the data I want to flush out of the buffer, but I
>cant really figure out how to do so.

What I see is that you continued sending new commands while not
getting responses from the device. The device has received them, since
it acknowledges that it has seen up to byte 565 of your output. This
is not an unflushed buffer problem - the data has reached the TCP/IP
stack of the device and what happens to it next depends on the
application layer in the device. If it is reading and discarding
commands, then you have a problem that you have sent several commands
which won't receive replies. If the device's application works
correctly, it will continue to dequeue commands 12 bytes at a time and
send replies. If it reads whatever is available and only processes 12
bytes from the read, then the device end application is sub-optimal
and you will have to ensure you don't issue any new commands until the
previous command has been processed. Once you transfer data to your
machine's network stack, there's no way to stop it being sent to the
remote end - in fact there's no practical way to determine if it's
been put in a packet, sent to the remote end and lost or put in a
packet, sent to the remote end and is awaiting processing, or is
waiting to be put into a packet and hasn't left your machine at all. 

What happens if your application simply stops transmitting new
commands after a timeout? Do you eventually get all the responses in?

-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 23 03:35:22 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 00:35:22 -0700
Subject: Type signature
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153640122.808042.206840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Yacao Wang wrote:
> Hi, I'm a newbie to Python. I've recently read some books about this
> language and none of them have answered my question.
> As a dynamically-typed language Python doesn't need any form of type
> signature which makes the syntax very clean and concise. However, type
> signatures are not only a kind of information provided for the compiler, but
> also for the programmer, or more important, for the programmer. Without it,
> we have to "infer" the return type or required agument types of a function,

Reset your brain.  Functions don't have required argument types,
anything implementing the interface they use will work.

e.g.:
class a(object):
    def getVal(self):
        return "a_val"

class b(object):
    def getVal(self):
        return "b_val"

def someFunc(valObj):
    return valObj.getVal().upper()


someFunc can take objects of class a or class b or any other class that
has a getVal method returning something with an upper method (getVal
doesn't even have to return a string as long as what it returns has an
upper method).

a and b don't share an inheritance hierarchy, either.

There is no "type signature", there's just which methods/attributes are
used by the function.

Limiting it to only working on specified types is unnecessarily
restrictive.

> Haskell can also determine type information
> dynamically

Haskell does static type inference at compile time, not dynamic typing.
 It's a completely different programming model (shared with ML, among
others)

> As I
> understand, Python relies too much on run-time type-checking, that is,
> whenever you give the wrong type, you just end up with an exception, which
> is logically correct, but not that useful as type signatures.

Dynamic typing is different from static typing, you're right, but it's
not worse.

You probably want to google for "duck typing" think about the
implications on polymorphism.



From xan2 at ono.com  Tue Jul 25 12:15:10 2006
From: xan2 at ono.com (xan2 at ono.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:15:10 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<ea4j85$96p$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1153844110.891426.58170@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <1153777525.305785.168650 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
> xan2 at ono.com wrote:
>
> > I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
> > minimal authoritative dns server.
>
> You'll probably need to start by reading and understanding RFC1034 and
> RFC1035.

Yes. But these documents are low-level documents and implementation of
that is terrible (I admire people who write code for low-level projects
like http://www.dnspython.org/). I would like more high-level code: in
principle, the programmer who writes his/her own dns should don't
matter if the dns server has to pass certain RR or another, else he/she
should matter in other high-level things

For that, probably using dnspython, I wanted if anyone could show me
the simplest high-level code for a authoritative dns server. DNS server
that only answers to the request of hosts that programmer add to one
list.

Thanks,
Xan.



From zman818 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 21:19:29 2006
From: zman818 at hotmail.com (zman818 at hotmail.com)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:19:29 -0400
Subject: dual python / bootstrap RPM woes
Message-ID: <HKedncvI1LO2RyPZnZ2dnUVZ_qKdnZ2d@adelphia.com>

Greetings.

In an effort to get python2.4 on my Centos 3.7, I installed the python 
bootstrap rpm.  This installed 2.4 alongside 2.2 and updated yum to 2.4.0.

Oddly, it didn't create a symlink 'python' for either 2.2 or 2.4.  I also 
get a series of troubling dependency errors when I run yum update. Below is 
the output of the bootstrap install, which includes both a failure early on 
(possibly related to alternatives and/or the symlink?) and the yum update 
dependency errors towards the end. Beyond this, everything appears to be 
running (including fail2ban, which was my original driving force behind 
getting 2.4 installed).

Any thoughts are greatly appreciated. Thanks.

-----------------------------


[root at tulip tmp]# rpm -ivh pyvault*
warning: pyvault-release-bootstrap-3-3.el3.pyv.noarch.rpm: V3 DSA signature: 
NOKEY, key ID 4ad653e1
Preparing...                ########################################### 
[100%]
   1:pyvault-release-bootstr########################################### 
[100%]
package pyvault-release is not installed
--10:32:15--  http://python.org/pyvault/bootstrap-centos-3-i386.txt
           => `bootstrap-centos-3-i386.txt'
Resolving python.org... 82.94.237.218
Connecting to python.org|82.94.237.218|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 624 [text/plain]

100%[==================================================>] 
    --.--K/s

10:32:16 (96.31 KB/s) - `bootstrap-centos-3-i386.txt' saved [624/624]


FINISHED --10:32:16--
Downloaded: 624 bytes in 1 files
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/alternatives-0.2.0rc3-9.noarch.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/python24-2.4.2-10.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.oztjC6: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4ad653e1
Preparing...                ########################################### 
[100%]
   1:python24               ########################################### [ 
50%]
/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.57424: line 2: /usr/sbin/alternatives-helper: No such file 
or directory                                     <<<< ---  problem #1
error: %post(python24-2.4.2-10.el3.pyv) scriptlet failed, exit status 127
   2:alternatives           ########################################### 
[100%]
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/yum-2.4.0-5.py24.noarch.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/rpm-python24-4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/sqlite-3.2.2-1.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/libxml2-python24-2.6.22-1.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/libxml2-2.6.22-1.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/python24-yum-2.4.0-5.py24.noarch.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/python24-urlgrabber-2.9.6-3.py24.noarch.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/python24-elementtree-1.2.6-5.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/python24-sqlite-1.1.6-1.1.el3.pyv.i386.rpm
Retrieving 
http://python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/pyvault-release-3-3.el3.pyv.noarch.rpm
warning: /var/tmp/rpm-xfer.RtR8TC: V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 4ad653e1
Preparing...                ########################################### 
[100%]
   1:pyvault-release        ########################################### [ 
10%]
   2:yum                    warning: /etc/yum.conf created as 
/etc/yum.conf.rpmnew
########################################### [ 20%]
   3:rpm-python24           ########################################### [ 
30%]
   4:sqlite                 ########################################### [ 
40%]
   5:libxml2-python24       ########################################### [ 
50%]
   6:libxml2                ########################################### [ 
60%]
   7:python24-yum           ########################################### [ 
70%]
   8:python24-urlgrabber    ########################################### [ 
80%]
   9:python24-elementtree   ########################################### [ 
90%]
  10:python24-sqlite        ########################################### 
[100%]
error: package pyvault-release-bootstrap is not installed
Setting up Install Process
Setting up repositories
pyvault                   100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
extras                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
update                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
base                      100% |=========================| 1.1 kB    00:00
addons                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================|  50 kB    00:00
pyvault   : ################################################## 206/206
Added 206 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.47 seconds
primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================|  157 B    00:00
Added 0 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.00 seconds
primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================|  40 kB    00:00
update    : ################################################## 103/103
Added 103 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.49 seconds
primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================| 595 kB    00:08
base      : ################################################## 1878/1878
Added 1878 new packages, deleted 0 old in 10.02 seconds
primary.xml.gz            100% |=========================|  33 kB    00:01
addons    : ################################################## 125/125
Added 125 new packages, deleted 0 old in 0.30 seconds
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for rpm-python to pack into transaction set.
rpm-python-4.4.2.4-1.el3. 100% |=========================| 2.4 kB    00:00
---> Package rpm-python.i386 0:4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for python22 to pack into transaction set.
python22-2.2.3-6.el3.pyv. 100% |=========================| 162 kB    00:01
---> Package python22.i386 0:2.2.3-6.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for rpm-python22 to pack into transaction set.
rpm-python22-4.4.2.4-1.el 100% |=========================| 3.0 kB    00:00
---> Package rpm-python22.i386 0:4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv set to be updated
--> Running transaction check

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
 Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
 python22                i386       2.2.3-6.el3.pyv  pyvault           4.1 M
 rpm-python22            i386       4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv  pyvault            43 
k
Updating:
 rpm-python              i386       4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv  pyvault           3.5 
k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      2 Package(s)
Update       1 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)
Total download size: 4.2 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): rpm-python-4.4.2.4 100% |=========================| 3.5 kB    00:00
(2/3): python22-2.2.3-6.e 100% |=========================| 4.1 MB    00:22
(3/3): rpm-python22-4.4.2 100% |=========================|  43 kB    00:00
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing: python22                     ######################### [1/5]
  Updating  : rpm-python                   ######################### [2/5]
  Installing: rpm-python22                 ######################### [3/5]
  Cleanup   : rpm-python                   ######################### [4/5]
  Removing  : python                       ######################### [5/5]

Installed: python22.i386 0:2.2.3-6.el3.pyv rpm-python22.i386 
0:4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv
Updated: rpm-python.i386 0:4.4.2.4-1.el3.pyv
Complete!
Setting up Update Process
Setting up repositories
pyvault                   100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
extras                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
update                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
base                      100% |=========================| 1.1 kB    00:00
addons                    100% |=========================|  951 B    00:00
Reading repository metadata in from local files
Resolving Dependencies
--> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait.
---> Downloading header for newt to pack into transaction set.
newt-0.52.0-3.el3.pyv.i38 100% |=========================| 3.5 kB    00:00
---> Package newt.i386 0:0.52.0-3.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for libxml2-python to pack into transaction set.
libxml2-python-2.6.22-1.e 100% |=========================| 8.1 kB    00:00
---> Package libxml2-python.i386 0:2.6.22-1.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for newt-devel to pack into transaction set.
newt-devel-0.52.0-3.el3.p 100% |=========================| 2.9 kB    00:00
---> Package newt-devel.i386 0:0.52.0-3.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for tcl to pack into transaction set.
tcl-8.4.5-8.el3.pyv.i386. 100% |=========================|  23 kB    00:00
---> Package tcl.i386 0:8.4.5-8.el3.pyv set to be updated
---> Downloading header for libxml2-devel to pack into transaction set.
libxml2-devel-2.6.22-1.el 100% |=========================|  35 kB    00:00
---> Package libxml2-devel.i386 0:2.6.22-1.el3.pyv set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: netconfig
--> Processing Dependency: libtcl8.3.so for package: rh-postgresql
--> Processing Dependency: libtcl8.3.so for package: expect
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: crypto
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: authconfig
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: setuptool
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: newt
--> Processing Dependency: libnewt.so.0.51 for package: ntsysv
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python22 = 2.6.22 for package: 
libxml2-python
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Requiring package netconfig-0.8.19-1 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb                       <<< --- problem(s) #2
Error: Requiring package rh-postgresql-tcl-7.3 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package expect-5.38.0-92 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package crypto-utils-2 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package authconfig-None-4.3 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package setuptool-1.13-1.centos not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package newt-perl-1 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package ntsysv-1.3.13.3-0 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
Error: Requiring package libxml2-python-2.6.22-1.el3 not in transaction set 
nor in rpmdb
error: %post(pyvault-release-bootstrap-3-3.el3.pyv) scriptlet failed, exit 
status 1
[root at tulip tmp]#




From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 17 14:47:30 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 18:47:30 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:

> hey there, i have a question about this solution.
> if i have a
> message = socket.recv()
> in the script, and the socket connection drops, will the
> socket.recv() just wait forever for something to come across
> the internet port? or will it know if the connection is dropped?

As I said before, if the socket is closed by the remote host,
recv() will return "".

I don't know what you mean by "drops" and "dropped" in this
context.  If you want a useful answer to your question, you'll
have to define your terms precisely.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm CONTROLLED by
                                  at               the CIA!! EVERYONE is
                               visi.com            controlled by the CIA!!


From rhymes at myself.com  Fri Jul 14 13:54:23 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:54:23 +0200
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>
	<slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1hihdet.1t0brs617qzog0N%rhymes@myself.com>

Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:

> I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
> iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order. This
> makes it usefull to iterate over a slice. So it would be usefull
> if methods like keys, values and items could take a slice as
> an argument and use the same notation for it. Something like
> 
>   for k, v in t.items('a':'b'):
> 
> Which would iterate over all items where the key starts with
> an 'a'. 

I keep thinking that means changing the meaning of "slice"

> > -1. First: you have to introduce new syntax for an old thing.
> 
> That syntax already exists, it just is only available as an
> index.

Slicing and indexing is inside square brackets. (start:stop) seems
confusing to me. And I seriously doubt that Guido or someone on his
behalf will go through introducing another syntax for something that can
be already done in one way. I came to Python because of it's clean
syntax and I've always tought "one good way to do one thing" is better
than Perlish style. That's why I don't like powering up slice objects to
do that.

> Range as it is, is going to disappear. Last time I read the
> python 3000 Pep range would get the functionality of xrange
> and xrange would disappear, and those who want a list will
> have to do: list(range(a,b))

Yep but generators are better to iterate. list(range_object) is less
common than for i in range_object AFAIK

> Need is such a strong word. In the end we don't need python, but
> it seems very usefull to have it around. I understand that should this
> be introduced it could make people uneasy, but I also think it
> could be very usefull.

I'm not the person in charge to make decisions about Python syntax,
power and limitations but I really don't see a useful use case to have a
slice++. Even decorators (that few people really understand) have a lot
of use cases more than slice++

> Because it would have made things a lot of easier for me in
> a number of cases. I have a table class that is like a
> list but can start at any index, it sure would have been
> easier to write with some of the possibilities above. I
> though to just write my own slice class, but slice is not
> subclassable, and when I just wrote my own from scratch,
> with a start, stop and step attribute I got an error that
> it wasn't an integer so couldn't be used as an index.
> So much for duck taping.

I understand. So maybe asking for subclassable slices is better :-)


-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 07:16:46 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 23:16:46 +1200
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920673.305615.187210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-960DAE.23164603072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1151920673.305615.187210 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>,
 "valpa" <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:

>I don't care about security issue by now :), because every one in my
>compony know the username/password.

Then why bother with a password at all?
-- 
A: Skid-marks in front of the hedgehog.
Q: What's the difference between a dead hedgehog on the road, and a dead 
top-poster on the road?


From nick at craig-wood.com  Thu Jul 27 05:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 04:30:03 -0500
Subject: PySNMP Thread unsafe?
References: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecgvef.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

rob.audenaerde at gmail.com <rob.audenaerde at gmail.com> wrote:
>  I'm trying to monitor about 250 devices with SNMP, using PySNMP version
>  4. I use the threading.Thread to create a threadpool of 10 threads, so
>  devices not responding won't slow down the monitoring process too
>  much.

This is surely a job for twisted not threads?  You'd be able to poll
all 250 devices at once with twisted...

This might be helpful (haven't tried it myself though)

  http://twistedsnmp.sourceforge.net/

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 14:18:13 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:18:13 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<q5phc2de1fso7k8c7ueqtiib9asdft32lq@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrneci0r5.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 27 Jul 2006 14:11:35 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
>> The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>> will hold something.
>>
> 	Except for one difference... In C (and most other languages) that
> memory space is FIXED -- name "X" ALWAYS refers to memory space "Y".
> Even in the case of a C pointer -- "P" always refers to one memory space
> "p" wherein the contents of that memory space is a user-accessible
> reference to some other memory space; to actually get to the object one
> must dereference "P" using "*P" or "P->" type notation
>
> 	In Python, even the location of the "name" may vary -- if you "del
> name" then do some operations and rebind "name", the new "name" itself
> could be somewhere else in memory.

You are right. That is a difference between Python and C. But How
important is that difference? Should I design a C-like language
with the parror virtual machine in mind as target architecture:

  http://www.parrotcode.org/

Would that difference be important enough to no longer talk about
variables? IMO we also talk about Lisp- and Smalltalk variables
and AFAIK these behave more like Python than C. If "variables"
is used in such languages, why should the term not be appropiate
for Python.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From oliver at first.in-berlin.de  Sun Jul  2 12:20:19 2006
From: oliver at first.in-berlin.de (Oliver Bandel)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 18:20:19 +0200
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151276031.641318@elch.in-berlin.de>
	<4gd3iiF1md4lcU1@individual.net> <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
Message-ID: <1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de>

Matthias Blume wrote:

> Tin Gherdanarra <tinman31337 at gmail.com> writes:
> 
> 
>>Oliver Bandel wrote:
>>
>>>????? Xah-Lee san ;-)
>>
>>Uhm, I'd guess that Xah is Chinese. Be careful
>>with such things in real life; Koreans might
>>beat you up for this. Stay alive!
> 
> 
> And the Japanese might beat him up, too.  For butchering their
> language. :-)

OK, back to ISO-8859-1 :)  no one needs so much symbols,
this is enough: ??????? :)


Ciao,
   Oliver


From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 21 11:33:38 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 16:33:38 +0100
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153488148.539121.93000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153488148.539121.93000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9qs53$coc$1@sea.gmane.org>

Paul Boddie wrote:
[...]
> Regardless of whether myslice inherits from object or not, there's no
> persuading the interpreter that it is a genuine slice, and remember
> that we can't subclass slice (for some reason unknown). So, it would
> appear that the interpreter really wants instances from some specific
> set of types (presumably discoverable by looking at list_subscript in
> listobject.c) rather than some objects conforming to some interface or
> protocol, and perhaps it is implemented this way for performance
> reasons.
> 
> In any case, in the core of Python some types/classes are more equal
> than others, and for whatever reason the duck typing breaks down - a
> case of "malbik endar" [1] that you just have to be aware of, I
> suppose.
> 
  >>> class mySlice(types.SliceType):
  ...   pass
  ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases
     type 'slice' is not an acceptable base type
  >>>

Indeed.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bayazee at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 15:18:50 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 12:18:50 -0700
Subject: free python hosting!
In-Reply-To: <1152557028.873211.64270@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152557028.873211.64270@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152559130.644125.306310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thanx .... !!

-----------------------------------------------------
www.python.ir --> Persian Python Community !



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 10:17:47 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 07:17:47 -0700
Subject: regular expression - matches
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

abcd wrote:
> how can i determine if a given character sequence matches my regex,
> completely?
>
> in java for example I can do,
> Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(input).matches()
>
> this returns True/False whether or not input matches the regex
> completely.
>
> is there a matches in python?

Yes.  It's called match and it's in the re module
(http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html)

Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string, so if you
want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
the rest of your pattern matches.)

HTH,
~Simon



From mirnazim at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:11:37 2006
From: mirnazim at gmail.com (Mir Nazim)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 13:11:37 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
Message-ID: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I need to write scripts in which I need to generate all posible unique
combinations of an integer list. Lists are a minimum 12 elements in
size with very large number of possible combination(12!)

I hacked a few lines of code and tried a few things from Python
CookBook (http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/), but they are
hell slow.

Does any body know of an algorithm/library/module for python that can
help me in generation of these combinations faster

"""ONLY REQUIREMENT IS SPEED"""

Example Problem:

Generate all possible permutations for
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]

[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2] (notice an extra 2 )

eliminate some combinations based on some conditions and combine the
rest of combinations. And now generate all possible combinations for
resulting data set.
Hope you get the idea.



Thanks 

PS: Tried matlab/scilab. They are slower than python.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 17 23:09:13 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:09:13 +1000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>

On 18/07/2006 12:41 PM, Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> it seems that range() can be really slow:
> 
> the following program will run, and the last line shows how long it ran
> for:
> 
> import time
> 
> startTime = time.time()
> 
> a = 1.0
> for i in range(0, 30000):
>     if i in range (0, 10000):
>         a += 1
>     if not i % 1000: print i
> 
> print a, "   ", round(time.time() - startTime, 1), "seconds"
> 
> 
> ---------------------------------
> the last line of output is
> ---------------------------------
> 
> 10001.0     22.8 seconds
> 
> so if i change the line
> 
>     if i in range (0, 10000):
> 
> to
> 
>     if i >= 0 and i < 10000:
> 
> the the last line is
> 
> 10001.0     0.2 seconds
> 
> so approximately, the program ran 100 times faster!
> 
> or is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
> be as fast?

Some things to try:
1a. Read what the manual has to say about the range() function ... what 
does it produce?

1b. Read what the manual has to say about time.time() and time.clock(). 
Change over to using time.clock(). Change the round(...., 1) to (say) 4.

Alternatively, use something like this:

     print "%.1f ... %.4f seconds" % (a, time.clock() - startTime)

1c. Repeat the two ways that you tried already.

2. First alternative:

Do this:

     test_range = range(10000)

*once*, just after "a = 1.0".

and change your if test to

     if i in test_range:

3. Now change that to:

     test_range = set(range(10000))

4. Now forget about test_range, and change your if test to this:

     if 0 <= i < 10000:

HTH,
John


From matt.horizon5 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 07:52:42 2006
From: matt.horizon5 at gmail.com (horizon5)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 04:52:42 -0700
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional statements
Message-ID: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

my collegues and I recently held a coding style review.
All of the code we produced is used in house on a commerical project.
One of the minor issues I raised was the common idiom of specifing:

<pre>
if len(x) > 0:
    do_something()
</pre>
Instead of using the language-defined bahviour, as stated by PEP8:

<pre>
    - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
      sequences are false.

      Yes: if not seq:
           if seq:

      No: if len(seq)
          if not len(seq)
</pre>

Without wishing to start a flame war, what are other's opinions on
this, is using "len" safer? If so why?

Arguments that have been presented for using <code>len(x) > 0</code> to
test emptiness of a container include:
  - It's safer
  - Not relying on weird behaviour of the language
  - Explicit is better than implicit (as stated by 'this' module, Zen
of Python)

My own feeling is that I am willing to work with the behaviours defined
by Python, and treat the use of len in these cases as excessive
duplication (this is however, quite a minor point i agree).

Note that I have much more experience with the language (6-7 years),
whilst the majority of my collegues have about 1-2 years experience.



From rupole at hotmail.com  Thu Jul  6 23:39:32 2006
From: rupole at hotmail.com (Roger Upole)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 23:39:32 -0400
Subject: Launching multiple instances of a program with
	win32com.client.Dispatch?
References: <1152238469.455365.239520@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152243179_9697@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

win32com.client.DispatchEx should create a new instance.

       Roger

<tyler.schlosser at gmail.com> wrote in message news:1152238469.455365.239520 at s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Hi there, I am trying to launch a program called AmiBroker using the
> command:
>
> AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
>
> However, I have a dual-core CPU and would like to launch two instances
> of AmiBroker. I know it is possible to run two instances simultaneously
> since it is easy to do manually by double-clicking the AmiBroker.exe
> file twice. However, when I write two lines of code like this:
>
> AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> AB2 = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
>
> and proceed to address these objects, they interfere with each other
> since both AB and AB2 are "grabbing" the same instance of AmiBroker. If
> I try to run two separate Python scripts, each one containing a
> "win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")" comand, the same
> problem happens (where even though the objects are named differently,
> they do not each launch an instance of the program; the first one
> launches it and the second one just "grabs" it).
>
> Does anyone know how to force two separate program launches rather than
> having both Dispatch commands access the same object? I would be
> incredibly thankful to anyone who could offer some help with this.
>
> Thank you very much,
>
> Tyler
> 




From kw at kevin-walzer.com  Thu Jul 20 17:16:23 2006
From: kw at kevin-walzer.com (Kevin Walzer)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:16:23 -0400
Subject: Problem with cx_freeze / FreezePython
Message-ID: <5bc8c$44bff2a8$4275d90a$14136@FUSE.NET>

I am trying to build a simple "hello.py" script with cx_freeze, but am
not having any luck. Every time I run the FreezePython utility I get
this error message:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File
"/Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/initscripts/ConsoleKeepPath.py",
line 15, in ?
    exec code in m.__dict__
  File "FreezePython.py", line 1, in ?
    import optparse
  File "/usr/local/python-unix/lib/python2.4/optparse.py", line 72, in ?
    from gettext import gettext as _
  File "/usr/local/python-unix/lib/python2.4/gettext.py", line 49, in ?
    import locale, copy, os, re, struct, sys
ImportError: Failure linking new module:
/Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/build/struct.so: Symbol not found:
__PyFloat_Pack8
  Referenced from: /Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/build/struct.so
  Expected in: dynamic lookup

I've seen a similar error reported before, but no solution.

This may be related to my setup, which is non-standard. I've built
cx_freeze on Mac OS X (Darwin) using the "universal binary"
dual-architecture structure (PPC/i386) of the Mac. I had to hack the
setup files to get cx_freeze to build. (I'm using cx_freeze instead of
the standard Mac build tool py2app because I'm using a normal Unix build
of Python that links against X11 Tkinter.)

Any advice is appreciated.

-- 
Kevin Walzer
Poetic Code
http://www.kevin-walzer.com


From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 19:56:52 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 16:56:52 -0700
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
References: <mailman.7826.1152134753.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152143812.737501.122020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> Hi Guys,
>
> I'm sure this is documented somewhere, I just can't locate it.  Say I
> have this code:
>
> try:
> 	myfile=file('greg.txt','r')
> except IOError, error:
[...]
> So basically I'm looking for the document that tells me what possible
> errors I can catch and their numbers.
>
> I did find this but it doesn't have numbers and I can't tell if it's
> even what I'm looking for:
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-errno.html
>
> Much thanks!

that IS the module you are looking for.

>>> help(errno)
[...]
DESCRIPTION
    The value of each symbol is the corresponding integer value,
    e.g., on most systems, errno.ENOENT equals the integer 2.
[...]
    ENODATA = 61
    ENODEV = 19
    ENOENT = 2
    ENOEXEC = 8

all those E* constants ARE the numbers.

furthermore, the object you get back from except has both the code and
the string already:
>>> e
<exceptions.IOError instance at 0xb7ddbfec>
>>> print e
[Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'foo'
>>> dir(e)
['__doc__', '__getitem__', '__init__', '__module__', '__str__', 'args',
'errno', 'filename', 'strerror']
>>> e.strerror
'No such file or directory'

-- 
- Justin



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 08:42:16 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 14:42:16 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
(snip)
>>
>>>Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>>>term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
>>>now that I know the term)
>>
>>a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
>>a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
>>which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
>>(like a pointer to an object's address).
> 
> 
> Wait, I'm not sure I see the difference. Isn't "reference" ~ "C
> pointer". 

For a very large definition of '~' !-)

> Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to
> "actual" Python objects? 

Exactly.

> That idea has been working well for me so far.

It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').

What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
values. So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
than a name. And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
bound to.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From usenet at nicko.org  Mon Jul  3 04:47:38 2006
From: usenet at nicko.org (Nicko)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:47:38 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
> Jim Segrave wrote:
> > In article <1151814697.201988.17140 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
> > valpa <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
> > >I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> > >telnet on to them and configure them.
> > >It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> > >each server.
> >
> > Don't use telnet. it's clumsy and has security issues.
>
> if youre behind a firewall then it shouldnt matter.

No, no, no!  If you have 20 unix servers then this is likely not a tiny
company.  Most security breaches (according to the FBI/CSI computer
crime survey) are perpetrated by insiders.  If you log in using telnet,
and have to enter passwords that allow configurations to be changed,
then anyone on the local net can get those passwords.  Use SSH instead.
 Even SSH with passwords is hugely more secure than telnet.

Nicko



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 11:29:20 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 08:29:20 -0700
Subject: IronPython and scipy/pyExcelerator
In-Reply-To: <1153423866.965173.83440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153423866.965173.83440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153582160.251298.200700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


tkpmep at hotmail.com wrote:
> I'm looking forward to the release IronPython, primarily for its IDE. I
> currently use scipy and pyExcelerator to crunch numbers and write them
> to Excel: does can these packages be used with IronPython as well?
>
> Thanks in advance

You could try Python for .NET. This is a version of cPython with
support for .NET built in.

You may have to amend the code that Visual Studio produces to work with
Python for .NET rather than for IronPython  (necessary changes may be
restricted to the import syntax).

SciPy makes extensive use of C extensions which aren't currently
supoorted by IronPython. There has been some preliminary work done dy
Seo Sanghyeon on a 'reflector' that uses ctypes to allow IronPython to
access cPython C extensions. My understanding is that it works (at
least partially) but that the exceptions it returns are (currently)
confusing.

See
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/842a8011a1a2a26c/9d7e157124943e9f

and also search the IronPython mailing lists. Alternatively you could
use interprocess communication between cPython and IronPython ;-)

All the best,


Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

> 
> Thomas Philips



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 07:29:04 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:29:04 +0200
Subject: Python traverse
In-Reply-To: <1152095965.764578.111090@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152095965.764578.111090@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8g7pr$irq$1@sea.gmane.org>

Namenick wrote:

> Hello, I am completely new to Python, would u please tell me something
> about Python compiler traversing techniques ? or please direct me to
> some document if available on the net for reference ?

"compiler traversing techniques" generates zero google hits, so maybe 
you could start by explaining what you're talking about...

</F>



From lycka at carmen.se  Wed Jul 12 09:51:36 2006
From: lycka at carmen.se (Magnus Lycka)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:51:36 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <e92up9$mh4$1@wake.carmen.se>

>> My list called "elten" looks like that:
>>
>> [Tensor: id = 1,  intensity = 2976.52
>>  xx = -1447.32, xy = 52.458, xz = -594.186
>>  yy = -1090.54, yz = -0.0158068, zz = -4043.
>> , Tensor: id = 26,  intensity = 2896.9
>>  ...
>> , Tensor: id = 5,  intensity = 2920.5
>>  xx = -1534.53, xy = 23.4858, xz = -623.967
>>  yy = -1070.47, yz = 99.6301, zz = -3979.87
>> ]

> The list above is not a valid Python list. What is it that you store in that list?

It might well be a normal Python list.

The question is what type the items in the list are...
The result of printing a list L is basically a string you
could make like this:

'[' + ','.join(map(repr,L)) + ']'

It seems the elements in this list appear as something
like this when you apply the repr() function on them:

Tensor: id = 1,  intensity = 2976.52
  xx = -1447.32, xy = 52.458, xz = -594.186
  yy = -1090.54, yz = -0.0158068, zz = -4043.

So, the issue is not how you work with a list,
but how you work with the elements of this type.

To reduce the problem to that, you can assign the
first element in the list to a variable.

elem0 = elten[0]

Then you can inspect that in isolation, without
the confusion of the list.

type(elem0)
dir(elem0)
etc...


From danb_83 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 11:05:37 2006
From: danb_83 at yahoo.com (Dan Bishop)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:05:37 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Paul Boddie wrote:

> Yes, he wants range to return an iterator, just like xrange more or
> less does now. Given that xrange objects support __getitem__, unlike a
> lot of other iterators (and, of course, generators), adding
> __contains__ wouldn't be much of a hardship. Certainly, compared to
> other notational conveniences bounced around on the various development
> lists, this one would probably provide an order of magnitude
> improvement on the usual bang per buck development ratio.

xrange already has __contains__.  The problem is, it's implemented by a
highly-inefficient sequential search.  Why not modify it to merely
check the bounds and (value - start) % step == 0?



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 18 11:30:04 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:00:04 +0530
Subject: getting user's home directory on windows
Message-ID: <44BCFE7C.20205@tachyontech.net>

Hi everybody,

I'm having trouble using os.path.expanduser('~') on windows. It uses
$HOME or ($HOMEDRIVE+$HOMEPATH), but this doesn't work with windows
machines which are part of a domain. On such machines, the HOME envvar
may not be set at all, and the HOMEPATH envvar may be set to '\\'!!

Here's an implementation of getHomeDir which tries to find the best
possible option. I don't know how this'll behave on older versions of
windows such as win2k or win98. Please let me know if anybody knows a
better way to do this :

def getHomeDir() :
    if sys.platform != 'win32' :
        return os.path.expanduser( '~' )

    def valid(path) :
        if path and os.path.isdir(path) :
            return True
        return False
    def env(name) :
        return os.environ.get( name, '' )

    homeDir = env( 'USERPROFILE' )
    if not valid(homeDir) :
        homeDir = env( 'HOME' )
        if not valid(homeDir) :
            homeDir = '%s%s' % (env('HOMEDRIVE'),env('HOMEPATH'))
            if not valid(homeDir) :
                homeDir = env( 'SYSTEMDRIVE' )
                if homeDir and (not homeDir.endswith('\\')) :
                    homeDir += '\\'
                if not valid(homeDir) :
                    homeDir = 'C:\\'
    return homeDir

[sreeram;]

ps:
A bit of googling around got me this informative post:
http://www.mail-archive.com/bug-cvs at gnu.org/msg05565.html

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From http  Thu Jul 13 06:57:36 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:57:36 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8083.1152721586.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152747231.862285.86080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8103.1152780902.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x7j2hzs9r.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Fredrik Lundh" <fredrik at pythonware.com> writes:
> btw, since my brain is on vacation, could anyone who already has all
> the necessary background information in their head (Paul?) tell me
> if using a chopped-up MD5 or SHA-1 (or whatever) digest as the hash
> functions for a bloom filter is a good idea...

Erm, my brain isn't on vacation, it's just plain missing ;-).  However
I'd say there's nothing wrong in principle with chopping up sha/md5
output if you want to get several hashes as you're doing, assuming the
total hash length is enough.  The advantage over doing separate hashes
for each piece is optimization: you don't compute as many hashes.
But there's more flexibility with something like (untested):

   def multi_hash(data, i, size):    # find i'th slice of hash
     return sha.new('%x,%s'% (i, data)).digest()[:size]

Also, the idea of a Bloom filter is to use less memory than a hash
table, by not storing the keys.  In your implementation you chop the
sha/md5 output into 4-byte pieces, which means about 4 billion "slots"
in each set, which might be too many for a typical computer.  Also,
you end up storing each of those 4-byte values as a Python string.  So
I think in practice you'd want smaller sets, and to represent them as
bit vectors instead of as Python sets (untested):

  import array
  class bit_vector(object):
     def __init__(self, size_in_bits):
        nbytes = (size_in_bits + 7) // 8
        self.vec = array.array('B', '\0' * nbytes)

     def __getattr__(self, i):  # get i'th bit from vector
        a,b = divmod(i, 8)
        return bool(self.vec[a] & (1 << b))

     def __setattr__(self, i, value):   # set i'th bit in vector
        a,b = divmod(i, 8)
        v = int(bool(value))            # the actual bit to set, 1 or 0
        self.vec[a] = (self.vec[a] & ~(1 << b)) | (v << b)

If we use a bit vector representation we want the hash value to be an
integer (untested):

   def bloom_hash(data, i, size_in_bits):
      # my favorite way to get an integer value from sha
      h = int(sha.new('%x,%s'% (i, data)).hexdigest(), 16)
      return h % size_in_bits

We'd then implement the Bloom filter (untested):

   class bloom(object):
      def __init__(self, nlayers, layersize):
         self.nlayers, self.layersize = nlayers, layersize
         self.filter = [bit_vector(layersize) for i in xrange(nlayers)]

      def add(self, data):
         for i in xrange(self.nlayers):
            self.filter[i][bloom_hash(data, i, self.layersize)] = True

      def __contains__(self, data):
         return False not in \ 
           (self.filter[i][bloom_hash(data, i, self.layersize)] \
             for i in xrange(self.nlayers))

Finally, I think to use Bloom filters effectively you have to choose
nlayers and layersize carefully, according to the number of keys you
expect to see, the amount of memory you have available, and/or the
probability of false matches that you're willing to accept.  The
standard references (whatever they are) about Bloom filters probably
have some suitable formulas for computing these things.


From theaney at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 07:14:05 2006
From: theaney at gmail.com (Tim Heaney)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 07:14:05 -0400
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m3zmez45mq.fsf@calvin.watterson>

"Ray" <ray_usenet at yahoo.com> writes:
>
> Can you help me with my argument? 

Well, there is this study suggesting Django outperforms Ruby on Rails

  http://wiki.rubyonrails.com/rails/pages/Framework+Performance

> Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try as well.

Good idea. I think Ruby on Rails is terrific. Perhaps you'll think so
too. If not, at least you'll have a better idea of why you don't.

Tim


From lycka at carmen.se  Thu Jul 13 10:09:42 2006
From: lycka at carmen.se (Magnus Lycka)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:09:42 +0200
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <e95k77$b01$1@wake.carmen.se>

John Salerno wrote:
> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as 
> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation 
> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable 
> file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as 
> how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to 
> do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from 
> your memory stick?

Google for 'python on a memory stick" and follow the first link?


From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 15:07:39 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 16:07:39 -0300
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8731.1154352939.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154354727.457387.142840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3scsc252be3d7a814ogj1ibnud3aothc1l@4ax.com>
	<44ce3fd8$0$16271$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <znx6wn0mriid.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-31 14:37:26, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> So, if mod_python provides the same functionality, it's not the main
>> reason why Python developers use application servers while PHP users
>> still program with page codes in /htdocs.
>> 
>> Why do PHP users stick to that old way of things? Because they mostly
>> use shared hosts, with no way to install their application server?

I'm not sure about PHP users in general, but I think that there are many
sites hosted on shared hosts. Many of those sites need a solution for
dynamic pages. That's quite a market.

> mod_python is at once lower-level and a bit more powerful than PHP. It
> really exposes most of Apache's API to Python - which BTW doesn't make
> it that well-suited for shared hosting... (most of the time, updating a
> mod_python based app requires restarting the server). 

Why is that (restarting required)? And is there a way to "lock down" a
mod_python installation WRT Apache, in a way similar to a typical PHP
installation? AFAIK there are a number of shared hosts that support Python.
I'm not sure whether that's mod_python, though...

Thanks,
Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 10 04:47:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:47:40 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <1hi8617.ty4x2hlgqeibN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<44b140af$0$9623$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1hi8617.ty4x2hlgqeibN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44b2142d$0$4786$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr> wrote:
>    ...
> 
>>>    This would allow things like:
>>>        key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
>>
>>key = ''.join(list(sorted(word.lower().strip()))
> 
> 
> No need to make yet another list here (also, I think each of you omitted
> a needed closed-paren!-)

Possibly

> -- you could just use:
> 
> key = ''.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))

Yes, of course - too quick answer, half-backed answer...

(snip)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Fri Jul 21 19:16:36 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 01:16:36 +0200
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us><1153521592.881260.102150@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8407.1153522627.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c16067$0$1003$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!

I had try with pipes & subprocess. Unfortunaly, when dos-commandline show a 
text who question for Yes/No, this text is not available in subprocess/pipe 
;  => and block!
And then, I can't send "Y" to the stdin...

I test with:
     MD  TOTO
     RD  TOTO/S

(I know,  RD TOTO/S/Q run Ok, but I search another solution).

*sorry for my bad english*

Michel Claveau








From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 17 15:32:46 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:32:46 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net><mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e9goku$sn0$1@sea.gmane.org>

 "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message
 news:slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> On 2006-07-15, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>> The problem with understanding augmented assignment is that  it directs 
>> the
>> compiler and interpreter to do one or maybe two mostly invisible
>> optimizations.  To me, the effective meaning of 'evalutating once versus
>> twice' is most easily seen in the byte code generated by what is, 
>> remember,
>> the reference implementation.  What it does is what the
>> less-than-super-clear doc means.
>
> But what does one do, if the question is raised whether or not the
> code generated actually behaves as described by the language reference?

One can just as well ask whether or not the docs actually describe the 
behavior of the interpreter ;-).  In this case, not as well as one might 
like.  Or, whether docs (and reasonable interpretation thereof) and 
implementation match, which I claim they do it this case.

> Shouldn't the language reference be clear enough to be understandable
> without the help of byte code generated by the reference implementation?

Normally, code experiments, such as you attempted, should be enough.  But, 
as I said, trying to document mostly invisibly behavior is more difficult. 
Based on looking at the byte code, I would put it this way: the difference 
between assignment with duplicated source and target expressions and 
augmented assigment with the same expression is that the interpreter 
eliminates as much duplicate calculation as possible.  But precisely what 
that mean seems a bit interpreter dependent to me.

Should we expect a reference writen in (ambiguous) natural language to be 
unambiguously clear?  I think not; that is why formal grammers and 
notations were invented.  I learned Python with the doc in one window and 
the interactive interpreter in another.

> Otherwise the reference implemenation is being used as part of the
> language definition

Exactly.  People doing other implementations use it along with the docs.

> and then it can never be wrong.

No, 'part of' does not mean 'governing'.  A Python 'bug' is a discrepancy 
between doc and code.  Usually, normal experienced judgment is enough to 
decide which is faulty and needs to be changed.  Occasionaly, both are 
plausibly correct and such cases get referred to Guido or the developer's 
list for discussion and a decision.

Terry Jan Reedy






From not at valid.org  Fri Jul 28 14:19:48 2006
From: not at valid.org (yomgui)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 18:19:48 GMT
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
Message-ID: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org>

Hi,

I have a list of data (type A)
my list can includes element of type A or a lists,
these list can includes element of type A or a lists, and so on ...

is there a simple way to obtain a single list of all the elemets
of type A ?

thanks

yomgui


From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 31 03:58:56 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 09:58:56 +0200
Subject: Small problem with print and comma
References: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3snqc2l46rgjm8eph0hrakvv3adm43uuo2@4ax.com>
	<1154312318.428247.258500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4j5rcuF6enr4U1@uni-berlin.de>

Dustan wrote:

> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
>> >     for i in range(0,len(param)):
>> > print a[i],
>>
>> for it in param:
>> print it,
> 
> That's one way. However, if you need the position (this is for future
> reference; you don't need the position number here):
> 
> for i in range(len(param)+1):
>     print a[i],
> 
> The last position was excluded because you forgot the '+1' part,
> creating an off-by-one bug.

No, your code creates that bug.

However, the above is not very pythonic - if param is a iterator and not a
sequence-protocol-adherent object, it fails. The usual way to do it is


for i, a in enumerate(param):
    print a,


Diez


From jjl at pobox.com  Tue Jul 25 14:14:23 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 19:14:23 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <ud5btblhc.fsf@pobox.com>

Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> writes:
[...]
>     - What I was told from a professor in formal languages, which is
>       that there is no formal definition of the Ruby language. That's
>       enough for me to not use it.
[...]

So you're not using Python either?

Probably I don't understand what you're getting at, but the Python
language reference had big gaps in it last time I looked (though
Fredrik Lundh has been working on updated documentation -- I'm sure
he'll do a great job).  Lots of features were just not in there.
Certainly lots of details e.g. regarding the various special method
protocols (especially when it comes to builtin types) are not
documented.  ISTR the core maintainers of CPython aren't even that
worried about the grammar productions listed in the reference manual
being 100% accurate.  CPython and Jython (ignoring the fact that
Jython's still on 2.1) have some fairly significant differences in
various details of the language.  No doubt IronPython will too.  Of
course, this is not something unique to Python, and I guess Python
does very well in comparison, when it comes to actual practice.


The fact that "open classes" are apparently thought to be a good thing
in Ruby puzzles (and worries) me.


John



From david.bear at asu.edu  Mon Jul 31 20:00:08 2006
From: david.bear at asu.edu (David Bear)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:00:08 -0700
Subject: under naming
Message-ID: <2072040.AkYPXqRsz6@teancum>

I must have missed reading something important about naming conventions.

I have found that if I have a python module where I have an identifier named
with a beginning underscore that I cannot use from module import * to make
that name available in another module.

for example,
module A

_myvar = 'a local var'

module B
from A import *

_myvar -- is not available.

Is this in a pep somewhere ?

-- 
David Bear
-- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --


From geli at tasmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:16:58 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:16:58 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.06.09.44.11.13152@gmx.net>
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152152240.611775.129880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152154206.733757.79950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.06.09.44.11.13152@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153178218.004082.101860@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> In <1152154206.733757.79950 at a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, gel wrote:
>
> > Yeah I am still getting my head around things... not exactly sure what
> > you where saying about the globals, but this works
> >
> >
> > global k
> > k = 5
> > class foo:
> >
> >         def wow(self, n):
> >                 global k
> >                 k += n
> >                 return k
> >
> >
> > f=foo()
> > f.wow(55)


>
> The first ``global`` does nothing.  ``global`` at module level makes no
> sense.  And the snippet could be easily written without assigning to
> global names from within a function/method:
>
> k = 5
> class Foo:
>     def wow(self, n):
>         return k + n
>
> f = Foo()
> k = f.wow(55)
> 
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

Ah yes, thanks for that Marc



From rakesh.thakrar at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 04:42:23 2006
From: rakesh.thakrar at gmail.com (Rakesh Thakrar)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 09:42:23 +0100
Subject: Python Developer required for 6 Months Contract - South West UK
Message-ID: <40a44b660607180142x2074e88dy990358ef79a61d9d@mail.gmail.com>

My client based in the South West - UK is looking for a Python Developer to
join an existing project team for a 6-month contract. Suitable candidates
will have commercial experience programming with Python and knowledge of
Software Design Architecture.
Ideally you will have knowledge any one of the following; QT, GTK, KDE or
similar toolkits/technologies .  Please do not hesitate to call me for
further information.


-- 
Regards
Rakesh
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From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Fri Jul 28 01:40:54 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 05:40:54 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1154055002.495073.171650 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
>
>
> myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
> image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
> if myCol < darkestCol:
>    darkestCol = myCol
>    possX = thisX
>    possY = thisY
>

Psyco may be of some help to you, especially if you extract out your myCol
expression into its own function, something like:

def darkness(img,x,y):
    return  (0.3 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (0.59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) + (0.11 *
img.GetBlue(x,y))

You may also be paying a penalty for the floating-point multiplications.
Since you are only concerned with the relative values, what if you scale up
all of your weighting coefficients, so that you only do integer multiplies?

def darkness(img,x,y):
    return  (30 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) + (11 *
img.GetBlue(x,y))

You can also cut down on resolution of your GetXXX functions by saving them
to locals.

RedVal = Image.GetRed
GrnVal = Image.GetGreen
BluVal = Image.GetBlue
def darkness(img,x,y):
    return  (30 * RedVal(img,x,y)) + (59 * GreenVal(img,x,y)) + (11 *
BlueVal(img,x,y))

Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64, and
11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying:

def darkness(img,x,y):
    return  (RedVal(img,x,y) << 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) << 6) +
(BlueVal(img,x,y) << 3)


-- Paul




From kylotan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 08:56:48 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:56:48 -0700
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

ryanshewcraft at gmail.com wrote:
> I've got:
>
> class MultipleRegression:
>     def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
>         self.dbh = dbh
>         self.regressors = regressors
>
> and I want to be able to enter regressors as a list like
> MultipleRegression(dbh, [1,2,3,4], 5).  But when I do this only the 1
> gets passed to regressors and thus to self.regressors.

Your problem lies elsewhere, as when I do exactly that, I get the
correct results:

>>> mr = MultipleRegression(10, [1,2,3,4], 5)
>>> print mr.regressors
[1, 2, 3, 4]


So I think the way you are passing your list to MultipleRegression is
perhaps wrong. I expect your problem is in creating that list in the
first place from an unknown number of items. Basically you need to
create the list, repeatedly add the necessary items to it until you're
done, and then pass that to MultipleRegression. How to create and
populate that list will depend on where you're getting the data from.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Wed Jul 26 11:25:52 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:25:52 -0500
Subject: simple question
References: <mailman.8530.1153846287.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <lSLxg.50505$DA3.30445@dukeread05>

Maxine Weill wrote:

> I need to install Python Imaging Library (PIL) - imaging-1.1.5.tar.gz
> (source ) onto Suse Linux 10.1 system in order for (latest) Scribus
> 1.3.3.2 to install and work.
> 
> Plesae indicate how I perform PIL install (exact commands/procedures)  in
> manner where files are "automatically" placed in proper directories, etc.
> 
> Your "urgent" assistance is appreciated.
> Thanks,
> 
> 
> Wendell Anderson
> wanderson at nac.net
> 
> or
> mweill at nac.net

content of file BUILDME:

python setup.py build_ext -i
python selftest.py

Philippe



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 19:28:06 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:28:06 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> > Have you considered asking on a newsgroup where your problem might
> > actually be on-topic, like:
> >     comp.lang.c
>
> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.
>

This is comp.lang.python, not comp.algorithms

Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:47:10 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 06:47:10 -0700
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8296.1153228501.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8296.1153228501.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153230430.128322.4590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> > arsl89 wrote:
> >
> >>hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
> >>plz snd me the backup of python

this is one of my aims in life, to bloody understand this 1337 speak!


--Cheers



From CACowden at west.com  Tue Jul 25 10:20:24 2006
From: CACowden at west.com (Cowden, Chris A.)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:20:24 -0500
Subject: question: Python or Lua for rejuvenation of old PCs?
Message-ID: <518128B88ED9A34E92301412F9D334DF014AEC53@OMAEXMB02.corp.westworlds.com>

John,
 
Saw your post at
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2004-January/201290.html
when I was googling to see if anyone might have ported Python to Tandem.
 
 
Wonder what the business case is for a project of porting Python to
Tandem? 
We really could use a good scripting language on the beast.
 
 
Anyway, "Hi" from a former ACI University-type instructor (I did the
ACIU Prep class you founded).
 
 
Regards,
Chris Cowden
West Direct, Inc
402-965-7093
 
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From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:44:07 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:44:07 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> >>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> >>(snip)
> >>
> >>>>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>Indeed.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> >>>>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>(snip)
> >>>>>
> >>>>>I never advocated anything.
> >>>>
> >>>>You advocated
> >>>>"""
> >>>>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
> >>>>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> >>>>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
> >>>>you never know...
> >>>>"""
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
> >>
> >>Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
> >>
> >
> >
> > You make the attribute private/protected.
>
> doh :(
>
> Let's talk about psychorigid mindset...
>

Thanks, I'm insane.

> >
> >>>That's not advocacy, that's common sense.
> >>
> >>I'm afraid we don't use the same definition of "common sense". Writing
> >>useless code is not part of my definition of "common sense".
> >>
> >>(snip)
> >>
> >>>>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
> >>>>>and not language dependent semantics.
> >>>>
> >>>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
> >>>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> >>>object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
> >>
> >>Let's try again...
> >>
> >>point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
> >>Just a *convention*.
> >>
> >
> >
> > Huh? What are properties for then?
>
> To allow attribute syntax when you really have computation behind. Which
>  1/ let you start with the simplest case (a simple attribute) and change
> your mind latter
> 2/ offer the possibility to use an attribute syntax (instead of a method
> call syntax) when it seems more natural.
>

Right, and what I'm I trying to do again?

> >
> >>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
> >>internal data" at will.
> >>
> >
> > And this is robust how?
> >
>
> You can do just the same in Java or C++.
>

OMG!

> >>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
> >>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
> >>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
> >>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
> >>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
> >>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
> >>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
> >>for this.
> >>
> >
> >
> > You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.
>
> I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
> idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.
>

Sure, but calling users idiots for as result of your laziness or poor
design or lack of robustness is equally idiotic.

> >
> >>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
> >>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
> >>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
> >>
> >>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
> >>
> >>class Complicated(object):
> >>  def __init__(self, data):
> >>    self.data = data
> >>  def _get_data(self):
> >>    return self._data
> >>  def _set_data(self, data):
> >>    self._data = data
> >>
> >>and
> >>
> >>class Pragmatic(object):
> >>  def __init__(self, data)
> >>    self.data = data
> >>
> >>
> >>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
> >>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
> >>
> >
> >
> > I don't know it's your code not mine.
>
> IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
> instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.
>

Hey, I didn't write that code. You did! You deal with it. My input on
__your__ code at this point is irrelevant.

> >
> > class Robust(object):
> >
> > 	def __init__(self):
> > 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> > 		# corrupt the whole event system.
> > 		self.__is_active = True
> >
> > 	def get_is_active(self):
> > 		return self.__is_active
> >
> > 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> > editable")
> >
> > 	def monitor_events(self):
> > 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> > 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> > 		return
>
> Yuck.
>
> > See! I'm controlling access.
>
> You are not controlling *anything*
>
> r = Robust()
> r._Robust__is_active = True
>

*sighs*

You keep coming up with these unrealistic and impractically delusional
theories to make yourself feel happy. Sure Python lets your do that,
but that's an implementation detail almost all Python developers could
give a damn about. How many times do I have to tell you I don't care
for latent semantic implementation details of Python? Anybody who does
what you just did should be laughed at derisively and ignored.  But I
don't have time to deal with fantasy and unreleastic theories.

> As I told you, there's no cure for idiocy.
>
> > Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> > change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> > down 27000 lines of code to do it.
>
> And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?
>

But I don't want to. I wanna change implementation not interface.

> > Also a naive third party won't crash
> > my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.
>
> Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
> stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
> *her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
> to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
> of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
> with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.
>

That's just silly. If a third party plugin is crashing your app, guess
who's gonna get the emails and bug reports? That's right you! And that
is after hours of trying to reproduce the bug on your system
unsuccessfully because you don't have the bloody plug-in installed and
they user doesn't know a random plug-in he downloaded is the root of
the problem. Welcome to reality.

> > Because in the real
> > world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> > among other forms of ridicule.
>
> So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?
>

Yes, it can be.

> Now FWIW, I have lot of python apps in production, very few bug reports
> [1], and none of them being the result of the problem you seems to fear
> that much.

Good for you! I'm sure you are brilliant programmer.

>
> [1] The very first release of one of them is in production for more than
> 6 monthes now, is daily used by a dozen non-computer-savy users, and not
> a *single* bug report - actually, the only return we had is "it's
> perfect, it works like a charm, and we have some other stuff for you guys"
>

My users are not just end users they are also developers. Again, I'm
glad you are seeing success in __your__ projects.

>
> > And your supposed solution to my problem
> > is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active."
>
> In my example (which was not intended as a "solution to a problem"),
> is_active is clearly part of the API. So your argument is moot.
>
> OTOH, if I need to control access to is_active, I can easily change it's
> implementation - ie by using a property (or any custom descriptor). So
> my "solution to the problem" is functionally equivalent to yours, and
> requires much less code - which contributes to making it more robust.
>

Your example actually requires more code, is looks complex and it's
ugly (no offense, my opinion).

> > Ha! And if
> > you can't figure out why anyone would do this,
>
> Oh yes, I can :
> - too much exposure to B&D languages
> - lack of ability to criticize "what's in the Book"
> - confusion between state/behaviour concepts and the (mostly inexisting
> in most hi-level languages) data/function dichotomy
> - control-freak mindset
>

Lets stick to the arguments please. No need to attack me.

> > then I'm not wasting my
> > time here anymore.
>
> You're wasting your time because you refuse to escape from your "what's
> in the book" mindest and insist on writing Java in Python. I had the
> same problem when I came from Java to Python, then I had the "aha"
> moment where I realized I was overdoing it, writing uselessly
> complicated code to do simple things that would just have worked without
> all this mumbo/jumbo control freak stuff. But it seems you prefer to
> stick to your masochistic approach for no other reason than
> misunderstood concepts, so we can't help you here.
>

Fantastically, I have never used Java for any public project. I don't
understand how you reach your faulty assumptions. You don't know my
background with any language so quit this "Java is the reason you think
like this" banter.

> > Someday you'll learn the hard way.
>
> Lol. I actually did *un*learn the hard way.
>
> Mystilleef, I've started programing 17 years ago, and have done it
> professionnaly for almost 10 years now. I do not pretend to be a good
> programmer, but please believe that I do know my job. I've read the Book
> too, I've tried applying it blindly, then I used my brain. Once you
> understand the real reasons behind a "rule", you also understand when
> and how to apply or not apply it.
>

What book are we talking about again? I made these rules from my
experience writing programs in Python, not from any book. There's only
so much books can do when it comes to designing robust software in
practice. But for a lot of people over here who claim they've been
programming for X number of years, some of them certainly do need to
hit the books again. I don't believe I spent an inordinate amount of
time explaining state and behavior or the benefits or techniques for
reducing coupling or why anyone would need accessors, among other
things.

> > Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
>
> The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
> them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).
> 

Sure, if it makes you feel better.



From skodela at lithium.com  Mon Jul 10 16:53:18 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:53:18 +0000
Subject: Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a newbie?
In-Reply-To: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b2aafa$1_4@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

TY wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> Can someone point me to a Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a
> newbie?  I read the documentation but it doesn't have a lot of info...
>  Thanks!
> 
Hi there

I don't know if I got your requirement. But I used a own version of 
tokenizer which can use more than one delimiters. It is below. Hopefully 
of some use to you.




def gettokens(dat):
     delims={'=':'',';':',','=':'','(':'',')':'',':':'','[':'',']':''}
     wlist=[]
     appended=0
     for n in string.split(dat,'\n'):
         word=''
         for m in n:
             appended=0
             if delims.has_key(m):
                 wlist.append(word)
                 wlist.append(m)
                 word=''
                 appended=1
             else:
                 word=word+m
         if appended==0:
             wlist.append(word)
             appended=1
         wlist.append("\n")
     return wlist

I am sure there are plenty of ways to write it better than that.

Good luck
sree


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 22:03:20 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:03:20 -0500
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <44bd5e11$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8308.1153251275.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bd5e11$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <17597.37608.142943.339694@montanaro.dyndns.org>

Whoops, missed the second part.

    John> Is there any reason to prefer this approach to Daniel's, apart
    John> from being stuck with an older (pre-yield) version of Python?

No, it's just what I came up with off the top of my head.

    John> A file given to csv.reader is supposed to be opened with "rb" so
    John> that newlines embedded in data fields can be handled properly, and
    John> also (according to a post by Andrew MacNamara (IIRC)) for DIY
    John> emulation of "rU". It is not apparent how well this all hangs
    John> together when a filter is interposed, nor whether there are any
    John> special rules about what the filter must/mustn't do. Perhaps a few
    John> lines for the docs?

Yeah, I was also aware of that.  In the common case though it's not too big
a deal.  If the OP is editing a CSV file manually it probably isn't too
complex (no newlines inside fields, for example).

Skip



From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 11:56:34 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (PTY)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:56:34 -0700
Subject: Coding style
Message-ID: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Which is better?

lst = [1,2,3,4,5]

while lst:
  lst.pop()

OR

while len(lst) > 0:
  lst.pop()



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 12:06:56 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 18:06:56 +0200
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152633151.837288.297760@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e90ib0$bvj$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Phoe6"

>> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConfig" "pyConfig.pyConfig()"
>> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConparse" "pyConparse.pyConParse()"
>
>> note that timeit runs the benchmarked function multiple times, so you may want
>> to remove the print statements.
>
> Thanks a lot Fredrik!. I did not know that timeit runs benchmarked
> function multiple times. I got scared with multiple prints and thought
> import pyConfig has put it in infinite loop and I had killed the
> program.
>
> I could use Timer function as well.

for cases like this, the command form gives a better result with less effort; it picks
a suitable number of iterations based on how fast the code actually runs, instead of
using a fixed number, and it also runs the test multiple times, and picks the smallest
observed time.

</F> 





From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 22:16:47 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 19:16:47 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <1151973804.487505.223550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7740.1151976243.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151979407.878633.66050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo &nbsp;"
> which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.

&, n, b, s, p, ;  Those are all ascii characters.

> i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string
>
> the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...
>
>  text = "foo cat &nbsp;"
>
>  ie ok_text = strip(text)
>
>  ok_text = "foo cat"

Do you really want to remove those html entities?  Or would you rather
convert them back into the actual text they represent?  Do you just
want to deal with &nbsp;'s?  Or maybe the other possible entities that
might appear also?

Check out htmlentitydefs.entitydefs (see
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-htmlentitydefs.html)  it's kind of
ugly looking so maybe use pprint to print it:

>>> import htmlentitydefs, pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(htmlentitydefs.entitydefs)
{'AElig': '?',
 'Aacute': '?',
 'Acirc': '?',
.
.
.
 'nbsp': '\xa0',
.
.
.
etc...


HTH,
~Simon

"You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
means."
 -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 01:23:11 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 22:23:11 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154323391.323487.251840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:

>
> Yes I had arm in mind (for some reason) while it is the Smc8831
> (http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&start=1&q=http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/944b73008b0bad33492570a00015d6ba/%24FILE/S5U1C88000C_2Ev3.pdf&e=9797)

That appears to be volume 2 of the 2-volume set of manuals that come
with the tools package. It says that vol 1 has details about the C
compiler.

This appears to be volume 1:
http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/1410881ddee374f7492570a00015d65e/$FILE/C88000C_1Ev3.pdf

Section 1.2.3 Data Types mentions unsigned and signed long (32-bit)
data types. There are several references to "long" later, including
declarations in sample C code, and details of how long (32-bit)
function args are passed.

There appears to be a fundamental disconnection here somewhere ...



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Fri Jul 21 19:54:37 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 23:54:37 GMT
Subject: How to recognise "generator functions" ?
References: <1Zxvg.46761$_J1.564830@twister2.libero.it>
	<e9majr$vh7$1@news.albasani.net>
	<meyvg.46673$zy5.937118@twister1.libero.it>
Message-ID: <874pxao6o1.fsf@reportlab.com>

imho <certo at comeno.it> writes:

> Georg Brandl ha scritto:
> 
> >>>> f.func_code.co_flags
> > 67
> >>>> g.func_code.co_flags
> > 99
> > => 32 (CO_GENERATOR in compiler.consts) is the flag that indicates a
> > generator code object.
> > Georg
> 
> What a fast reply!
> Thank You very much! :-)

Georg, that was cruel <0.2 wink>

Seriously, does anybody have any sensible reason to *use* this
information?  Maybe some dynamic code-analysis tool or something?


John


From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul  6 09:14:57 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 15:14:57 +0200
Subject: Help Needed !!!  Browsing and Selecting More Than One File
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7858.1152190919.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7858.1152190919.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4h4gmiF1p5g64U1@uni-berlin.de>

Kilicaslan Fatih schrieb:
> Dear All,
> 
> I am trying to create a GUI, using Tkinter on Windows
> 2000/XP using Python 2.2. Through buttons this GUI
> interacts with another program and assigns argument to
> that program.
> 
> I managed to browse a ".c" file and assign this file
> as an argument to the other program written in C/C++
> Programming Language. On DOS, to run this program the
> following can be written:
> 
> 1) program file1.c
> 2) program file1.c file2.c file3.c .....
> 
> So briefly I managed to execute this program for one
> file(program file1.c), but I failed to run for more
> than one file(program file1.c file2.c file3.c ......).


What does failure mean? Didn't it work at all, did it only take the 
first file as argument, did you machine explode?

Without a proper explanation of what and especially how this fails there 
is no chance answering your question.

Diez


From lycka at carmen.se  Tue Jul  4 02:49:11 2006
From: lycka at carmen.se (Magnus Lycka)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:49:11 +0200
Subject: Specifing arguments type for a function
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7240.1150797407.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7240.1150797407.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8d318$dev$1@wake.carmen.se>

Paolo Pantaleo wrote:
> I have a function
> 
> def f(the_arg):
> ...
> 
> and I want to state that the_arg must be only of a certain type
> (actually a list). Is there a way to do that?

You can state that in your documentation.

You're very likely to get a reasonable runtime error
from this when you start using the_arg in your code.

The pythonic way of programming is not with overly
strict assumptions about typing, but rather by:
a) Assuming as little as possible about the data
    you get from a caller or from a called function.
b) Use a comprehensive suite of automated tests to
    make sure that you find programming errors.

 From a hypothetical point of view, tests can only
find bugs, and never prove that programs are correct,
but in practice, automated tests is one of the best
ways to keep bugs out of your code. Compile time
type checks can only find a small fraction of the
bugs programmers make, and the tests that find the
harder bugs will also find all the type mismatches
that are problematic in any way.

There are those who speculate that we will eventually
have methods to formally prove correctness of programs
through some kind of analysis, but static type checks
and other compile time tests are very far from doing
that.

I think you will find that this approach of assuming
as little as possible about parameters and return
values will make your code both more robust and more
flexible than a traditional approach with static
typing as in C++, Java or ADA etc.


From yuxi at ece.gatech.edu  Thu Jul 27 16:38:02 2006
From: yuxi at ece.gatech.edu (Yu-Xi Lim)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 16:38:02 -0400
Subject: Process files in order
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <eab87f$ji5$1@news-int.gatech.edu>

Khoa Nguyen wrote:
> I have a requirement to process all files in a directory in
> chronological order. The os.listdir() function, however, lists the
> files in random order. Is there a similar function in Python that
> allows me to specify the listing order (like ls -t for example)?

There is no single command, but you can easily sort the results of
listdir using any criteria. Most file attributes can can be obtained
using os.stat (size, creation date, modification date, etc), and you can
just use that as a key to sort().


From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 04:09:10 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 01:09:10 -0700
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153123750.467344.262690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Avi Kak wrote:
> Folks,
>
> Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
> code to be embedded inside a regular expression?
>
> For example, in Perl the following two statements
>
> $regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
> mello\n"})/;
> "jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;
>
> will produce the output
>
>   saw hello
>   saw mello
>

Not nearly so terse, but perhaps easier to follow, here is a pyparsing
version.  Pyparsing parse actions are intended to do just what you ask.
 Parse actions may be defined to take no arguments, just one argument
(which will be passed the list of matching token strings), 2 arguments
(the match location and the matching tokens), or 3 arguments (the
original source string, the match location, and the tokens).  Parse
actions are very good for transforming input text into modified output
form, such as the "background-color" to "backgroundColor" transform -
the BoaConstructor team used pyparsing to implement a version upgrade
that transformed user source to a new version of wx (involving a
variety of suh changes).

Here is your jello/mello program, with two variations of parse actions.

-- Paul

from pyparsing import *

instr = "jellorelohellomellofellowbellowmello"
searchTerm = oneOf( ["jello","mello"] )

# simple parse action, just echoes matched text
def echoMatchedText(tokens):
    print "saw", tokens[0]

searchTerm.setParseAction( echoMatchedText )
searchTerm.searchString(instr)

# modified parse action, prints location too
def echoMatchedText(loc,tokens):
    print "saw", tokens[0], "at locn", loc

searchTerm.setParseAction( echoMatchedText )
searchTerm.searchString(instr)

Prints out:
saw jello
saw mello
saw mello
saw jello at locn 0
saw mello at locn 14
saw mello at locn 31



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 16:15:29 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:15:29 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153598061.689492.15300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153598061.689492.15300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c285b5$0$8243$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx a ?crit :
> 
(snip)
> Sigh. I TOTALLY realize that Python works by politeness and not
> enforcement. I think you are misinterpreting why I think this would be
> a good idea. My concern is not with control, but with convenience.

Having free access to implementation is convenient IMHO.

> My
> suggestion was that privates would only be invisible if you use the dot
> syntax (ie if you are an external user); they would not be invisible
> altogether (they would still be in __dict__ with no name games).

How would this work for class attributes ? (implementation methods, 
implementation descriptors etc...)

Also, it would impact lookup perfs, which is already a somewhat weak 
point in Python.






From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul  3 11:51:55 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 15:51:55 GMT
Subject: Program analysis (pseudocode if possible)
References: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a93c41$0$22783$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <v2bqg.10727$Bh.6089@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Bruno Desthuilliers" <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote in message
news:44a93c41$0$22783$626a54ce at news.free.fr...
<snip>
> <pseudocode>
>
> BEGIN PROGRAM
>   read_this('http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html')
>   do_your_homework()
      if (cant_figure_it_out)
           post_specific_question_on_relevant_newsgroup("comp.lang.c")
> END PROGRAM
>
> -- 
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"




From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Tue Jul 11 03:39:18 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 19:39:18 +1200
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
References: <ldo-D130BB.19103610072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
	<mailman.7974.1152537684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-14E0E3.19391811072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.7974.1152537684.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Robin Becker <robin at reportlab.com> wrote:

>Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>......
>> 
>>> I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>>> Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>>> include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.
>> 
>> The standard C way would be to check sizeof(void *).
>so on those old ARM RISC OSes with 32 bit arithmetic would I get sizeof(void 
>*) 
>== 4 when the address bus was 26 bits wide?

And the original 68000-based Macs where you would get the same 
sizeof(void *), but the address bus was only 24 bits wide. Nevertheless, 
you were supposed to pretend that addresses were a full 32 bits in size. 
The programs that didn't got into trouble later.


From waldemar.osuch at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 21:05:20 2006
From: waldemar.osuch at gmail.com (Waldemar Osuch)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 18:05:20 -0700
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
References: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<mailman.7909.1152295521.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b197db$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <1152493520.646522.208970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Luis P. Mendes wrote:
> Gregory Pi?ero escreveu:
> > On 7/7/06, Luis P. Mendes <luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoxxx.pt> wrote:
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
> >> it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
> >> can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.

> So, perhaps you could show me how to generate an excel file as a http
> response in django?

If it is a simple one sheet Workbook you can produce HTML document with
a table and set the headers to indicate it is Excel.

Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=report.xls

Lookup documentation on how to generate formula:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnoffxml/html/ofxml2k.asp

Waldemar



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 26 11:24:37 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:24:37 +0100
Subject: wxpython: Timer object not working, or just me?
In-Reply-To: <zrLxg.2583$No6.51082@news.tufts.edu>
References: <zrLxg.2583$No6.51082@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <ea81fl$n2t$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Salerno wrote:
> I'd be curious to know if this works any differently on other 
> computers/platforms or while other things are happening in the 
> background. I can't tell if it's the Timer object that isn't keep 
> accurate time (although a test with time.time() seems to show that it 
> is), or if I'm just messing up my algorithm to fill the progress bar. If 
> I put in 10 seconds, the progress bar will be fully filled at the end, 
> but if you put 30, it doesn't. As the number gets higher, the less the 
> bar gets filled when it's done running. (52 seconds only fills half the 
> bar at the end!)
> 
> Hopefully someone can look at my logic (mostly in the OnTimer method) 
> and see right away how I'm screwing this up.
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> -------------------------
> 
> import wx
> 
> 
> class MyTimer(wx.Frame):
> 
>      def __init__(self):
>          wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY,
>                            style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.RESIZE_BORDER)
>          panel = wx.Panel(self)
> 
>          mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
>          inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
> 
>          self.minutesPassed = 1
>          self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
>          self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Enter a time.')
>          prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time to wait:')
>          self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, '30', size=(20, 20))
>          self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
>          self.reset = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Reset')
>          self.reset.Disable()
>          self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
> 
>          mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL ^ 
> wx.BOTTOM,
>                        border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 
> border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM, 
> border=10)
>          inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.LEFT | 
> wx.RIGHT,
>                         border=5)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.reset, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
> 
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnStart, self.input)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnReset, self.reset)
> 
>          panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
>          mainSizer.Fit(self)
> 
>      def OnStart(self, event):
>          self.time = int(self.input.GetValue())
>          self.countdown = self.time - 1
>          self.start.Disable()
>          self.reset.Enable()
>          self.input.Disable()
>          self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes remaining.' % self.time)
>          self.timer.Start(1000)
> 
>      def OnReset(self, event):
>          self.input.Clear()
>          self.status.SetLabel('Enter a new time.')
>          self.progress.SetValue(0)
>          self.input.Enable()
>          self.minutesPassed = 1
> 
>      def OnTimer(self, event):
>          if self.countdown != 0:
>              #print self.minutesPassed, self.countdown
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.minutesPassed * (100 / self.time))
>              self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes remaining.' % self.countdown)
>              self.minutesPassed += 1
>              self.countdown -= 1
>          else:
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.minutesPassed * (100 / self.time))
>              self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes have elapsed.' % self.time)
> 
> 
> class MyApp(wx.App):
> 
>      def OnInit(self):
>          frame = MyTimer()
>          self.SetTopWindow(frame)
>          frame.Show()
>          return True
> 
> 
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>      app = MyApp(False)
>      app.MainLoop()

Integer arithmetic. Try changing the "100" to "100.0" and you'll see it 
works flawlessly.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From gamedev at fancy.org  Thu Jul 13 19:30:03 2006
From: gamedev at fancy.org (Tom Plunket)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:30:03 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>

Simon Forman wrote:

> strings have a count() method.

thanks!

For enrichment purposes, is there a way to do this sort of thing with
a generator?  E.g. something like:

def SentenceGenerator():
   words = ['I', 'have', 'been', 'to', 'the', 'fair']
   for w in words: 
      yield w

message = "%s %s %s %s"

print message % SentenceGenerator()

(I ask because the above doesn't work)?
-tom!


From http  Sun Jul 23 05:18:28 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 02:18:28 -0700
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>
	<e9vd3g$s2i$1@hefestos.uned.es>
Message-ID: <7xd5bwd6hn.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Ernesto Garc?a Garc?a <titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com> writes:
> >>[random.choice(possible_notes) for x in range(length)]
> 
> > There is at least a better way to ask the question.  The subject has
> > nothing to do with the body of your post.  Or am I missing something?
> 
> Sorry, I should have explained better. I just want to build a fix
> length list made up of elements generated by a function, in this case
> random.choice(). I don't like my list comprehension, because I'm using
> that dumb variable x and the range() list.

Use xrange instead of range.  If you want to do it with no variables,
hmmm:

  from itertools import islice, starmap, repeat
  import random

  possible_notes = range(12)
  length = 9

  print list(islice(starmap(random.choice, repeat((possible_notes,))), length))


>>> ## working on region in file /usr/tmp/python-21885hGZ...
[10, 0, 6, 7, 8, 1, 9, 6, 11]

Maybe you're sorry you asked ;)


From nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 19:11:17 2006
From: nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com (Neil Hodgson)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 23:11:17 GMT
Subject: poplib Q
In-Reply-To: <e8jkpn$ef7$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
References: <e8jj6q$bhg$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
	<Zncrg.17284$Uc3.13333@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<e8jkpn$ef7$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
Message-ID: <pMgrg.646$tE5.495@news-server.bigpond.net.au>

SuperHik:

> I did ofc, but I noticed something strange...
> *my* socket module really doesn't have SSL object,
> even tho it's listed in the documentation...
> (not the online docs, but docs that came with my Python version)
> ffs how can that be!

    You are probably using ActiveState's distribution which doesn't 
include SSL due to encryption regulations. The python.org distribution 
does include SSL and you may be able to copy _ssl.pyd into the 
ActiveState installation.

    Neil


From larry.bates at websafe.com  Thu Jul 20 10:11:30 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:11:30 -0500
Subject: Checking File permissions
In-Reply-To: <1153401556.498611.244160@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153401556.498611.244160@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <l9SdnZHAzLuREiLZnZ2dnUVZ_sKdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Note: You really don't have to post the same question
3 times (2 in response to yourself).

import os

if os.path.exists(pathname):
  <do something>

To see if a file is writeable:

import stat

def iswriteable(path):
    mode=os.stat(path)[stat.ST_mode]
    return bool(stat.S_IMODE(mode) & stat.S_IWRITE)


Larry Bates

Anoop wrote:
> Hi All
> 
> Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
> permission to the file using python script
> 
> Thanks for ur inputs
> 
> Anoop
> 


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 17 07:00:46 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:00:46 +1000
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
In-Reply-To: <1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb6de0$1@news.eftel.com>

On 17/07/2006 5:52 PM, Arash Partow wrote:
> Hi Paul,
> 
> For different data types different hash functions work
> better/worse aka fewer or more collisions.
> 
> I believe the more choice people have and also the more
> ways people see how a particular thing can be done, then
> the easier it will be for them to come up with their own
> specific efficient solutions.

Who is likely to bother? In timbot we trust. Have you read the comments 
at the start of Objects/dictobject.c?

> 
> That said, I believe at least one (most likely more) of
> the hash functions in the group above will most always work
> better (ala less collisions) than the standard default hash
> available in the built-in dict for any random set of strings.

[Aside: it's not "in the built-in dict". Any type which wants its 
instances to be hashable defines its own hash method, one that suits the 
type.]

This belief would be based on:
(a) actual testing by you
or (b) a refereed academic paper which did such tests on hash functions 
(including the Python "standard default hash")
or (c) ...???

What is the Python "standard default hash", anyway? It is written in C. 
Wouldn't it have been a good idea to provide a Python function for it, 
so that people who are going to "come up with their own specific 
efficient solutions" had something to compare with? Or perhaps they are 
intended to "port" your functions back into C?

A few more questions:

Why have you truncated the answers to 31 bits?

Have you tested that these functions produce the same output (apart from 
the 31-bit thing) as the originals that you worked from? The reason for 
asking is that Python unlike C doesn't lose any bits in the << 
operation; if this is followed by a >> you may be shifting some unwanted 
  1-bits back in again.

Talking about not losing bits: For your 36-byte example input, the 
SDBMHash (with its << 16) is up to about 566 bits before you truncate it 
to 31. A little over the top, perhaps. Maybe not the fastest way of 
doing it.

What is the purpose of the calls to long() in PJWHash?

And the $64K question: What is the quintessential difference between 
PJWHash and ELFHash?

Cheers,
John


From ms at cerenity.org  Sat Jul  1 17:49:43 2006
From: ms at cerenity.org (Michael)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 22:49:43 +0100
Subject: Event notification system - where to start ?
References: <1151589497.327662.115100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6ed7c$0$22098$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>

geskerrett at hotmail.com wrote:

> We have been asked to develop and application for a client that is a
> 'notification" system.  We would like to use python, but are struggling
> to find the right starting point.  Any suggestions, tips or sample code
> would be appreciated.

Kamaelia [1] sounds like a good fit for what you're doing. (so does Twisted
actually, but in the following I'll describe Kamaelia - why? I'm the
project lead for Kamaelia - however be aware that twisted might also fit
your problem well :-)

  [1] http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/Home

Assumptions in the following sketch code:
   * All clients stay connected to machine b (rather than machine B
     connecting to the clients or (say) emailling clients or whatever
     you're doing)
   * WatchSerialPort is a simple component that wraps your code for
     connecting to the serial port and waiting for event
   * Each message it sends out represents a unique event, and has been
     serialised suitable for sending over a network connection.
   * For machine B, you've wrapped up your pre-processing of events as a
      component called for sake of argument EventFilter

> Application outline;
> 
> Machine A is running a "listener" application that is connected to a
> another device via the serial post and waits for events.  We have not
> problem working with the serial port, or the waiting for the event to
> happen.
>
> When A received a specific event, it needs to send a message to machine
> B that and event has occurred and that type of event.

This is clearly implementable using the following on machine A. (I'll come
back to WatchSerialPort in a minute)

pipeline(
    WatchSerialPort(), # the code you described above for connecting
                       # to the serial port sits in here.
    TCPClient("machine.b", 1500),
).run()


> Machine B will take the event notification, processes some additional
> information (ie. database lookups) and then notify a series of clients
> that have "registered" with machine B to receive events.

This sounds like the following code:

Backplane("Events").activate()

pipeline( ### INPUT TO BACKPLANE
   SingleServer(port=1500),
   EventFilter(),
   publishTo("Events"),
).activate()

def subscriber_protocol():
    return subscribeTo("Events")

SimpleServer(subscriber_protocol, 1600).run()

Clients then connect to machine B and will receive copies of all events.

Regarding implementing WatchSerialPort. In many respects I'll assume that
you can equate your functionality for getting code to something blocking
like this:
class  <... some class >
    def formatOutput(self, *args):
        return " ".join([ str(x) for x in args ])

    def watch_serial_for_events(self)
        while 1:
            X = raw_input()
            if self.matches_event():
                print self.formatOutput("We got an event!", X)

If you wanted to turn the above into a Kamaelia component (without adding
shutdown code, etc), it'd look something like:

class WatchSerialPort(Axon.ThreadedComponent.threadedcomponent):
    def formatOutput(self, *args):
        return " ".join([ str(x) for x in args ])

    def main(self)
        while 1:
            X = raw_input()
            if self.matches_event():
                self.send( self.formatOutput("We got an event!", X),
                           "outbox")

The reason for using a threadedcomponent here is because I'm assuming like
raw_input your code for checking the serial port for events is blocking.

Regarding the EventFilter, again if you're using blocking code (such as
database access), then putting that code inside a "threadedcomponent"
baseclass makes sense, if it's not blocking, then using a generator (ie put
a yield somewhere in the main loop), and using a baseclass of "component"
makes sense.

The basic outline for it would look like this - assuming some code that
involves blocking processing:

class EventFilter(threadedcomponent): # I assume something blocking
   def PreProcessEvent(self, event): pass # exercise for the reader
   def main(self):
      while 1:
          while self.dataReady("inbox"):
              event = self.recv("inbox")
              information = self.PreProcessEvent(event) # presumed blocking
              self.send( information, "outbox")
          if not self.anyReady():
              self.pause()

If you want all users to receive copies of all events, that's where this
kinda stops, since despite being sketch (ie untested) code, it's pretty
much all you'd do.

If you're thinking you may have a variety of different messages which you
might want to filter, then if you demultiplex them to different ports on
the same machine, then that's relatively simple to achieve as well, but the
pipeline would need changing to a graphline and the code for EventFilter
would need to do the demultiplexing.

For example, suppose you have 3 types of events people can subscribe to:

Backplane("NormalEvents").activate()
Backplane("ImportantEvents").activate()
Backplane("CriticalEvents").activate()

The event filter to demultiplex these would presumably have a way of already
characterising messages, so lets call that method characterise. The code to
do the demux would then look like this:

class EventFilter(threadedcomponent): # I assume something blocking
   Outboxes {
       "normalevent" : "Normal priority events are forwarded here",
       "importantevent" : Import priority events are forwarded here",
       "criticalevent" : "Normal priority events are forwarded here",
       "error" : "Stuff we can't classify ends up here",
   }
   def PreProcessEvent(self, event): pass # exercise for the reader
   def characterise(self, event): pass # exercise for the reader
   def main(self):
      while 1:
          while self.dataReady("inbox"):
              event = self.recv("inbox")
              information = self.PreProcessEvent(event) # presumed blocking
              eventtype = self.characterise(event)
              if eventtype == "NORMAL":
                  self.send( information, "normalevent")
              elif eventtype == "NORMAL":
                  self.send( information, "importantevent")
              elif eventtype == "NORMAL":
                  self.send( information, "criticalevent")
              else:
                  self.send( "Error event" + str(information), "error" )

In order to then use this, we now want to publish these events to the 3
backplanes described above, and may wish to merely dump the error to
stdout. This isn't suitable for a pipeline so use a graphline instead
replacing the pipeline "INPUT TO BACKPLANE":

Graphline(
    EVENTSIN = SingleServer(port=1500),
    EVENTDEMUX = EventFilter(),
    NORMALEVENT = publishTo("NormalEvents"),
    IMPORTANTEVENT = publishTo("ImportantEvents"),
    CRITICALEVENT = publishTo("CriticalEvents"),
    ERROROUT = ConsoleEchoer(),
    linkages = {
        ("EVENTSIN","") : ("EVENTDEMUX","inbox"),
        ("EVENTDEMUX","normalevent") : ("NORMALEVENT","inbox"),
        ("EVENTDEMUX","importantevent") : ("IMPORTANTEVENT","inbox"),
        ("EVENTDEMUX","criticalevent") : ("CRITICALEVENT","inbox"),
        ("EVENTDEMUX","error") : ("ERROROUT","inbox"),

    }
).activate()

Finally you'd want 3 simple servers to handle client connections to these
backplanes:

def NormalEventsProtocolFactory(): return subscribeTo("NormalEvents")
def ImportantEventsProtocolFactory(): return subscribeTo("ImportantEvents")
def CriticalEventsProtocolFactory(): return subscribeTo("CriticalEvents")

SimpleServer(NormalEventsProtocolFactory, 1600).activate()
SimpleServer(ImportantEventsProtocolFactory, 1601).activate()
SimpleServer(CriticalEventsProtocolFactory, 1602).run()

[[ As an aside, a nice optimisation to EventFilte would be to have the
   result of the self.characterise method be used directly to choose the
   correct outbox. ie:
          while self.dataReady("inbox"):
              event = self.recv("inbox")
              information = self.PreProcessEvent(event) # presumed blocking
              eventtype = self.characterise(event)
              self.send( information, eventtype)
          yield 1

  But that strikes me as more obfuscated.

  Strictly speaking, I suppose it'd make sense to have this as two or 3
  components - one to characterise, one to preprocess, and one to demux, but
  I see little value here. ]]

> We also looked at the asyncore and asynchat, but are having difficulty
> gettng starting with these.  If someone has a working example of a
> "chat" server using these modules they could share it would be very
> helpful.

The above sketch code is relatively basic - misses out details like handling
shutdown messages, and the like, but it should be clear works on a model
similar to Unix pipelines. (And yes, things do look uglier when you add in
shutdown, but then it isn't really a simple system really, no matter how
short you try to make it!)

> So ... any suggestions ?

Kamaelia's homepage:
   * http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/Home

Tutorial for the underlying component model:
   * http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/MiniAxon/

Cookbook of examples:
   * http://kamaelia.sourceforge.net/Cookbook.html

The collaborative whiteboard code we have is heavily event driven, but isn't
on the web (it's in the main download Bundle though). It can be looked at
view ViewCVS here:

http://kamaelia.cvs.sourceforge.net/kamaelia/Code/Python/Kamaelia/Tools/Whiteboard.py?view=markup

That forwards drawing events to other whiteboards, whilst filtering out
their own events. Each whiteboard implements the same model (and can act as
a client or server or both). 

However, it's a much more complex example than:

pipeline(
    WatchSerialPort(),
    TCPClient("machine.b", 1500),
).run()

Backplane("Events").activate()

pipeline( ### INPUT TO BACKPLANE
   SingleServer(port=1500),
   EventFilter(),
   publishTo("Events"),
).activate()

def subscriber_protocol():
    return subscribeTo("Events")

SimpleServer(subscriber_protocol, 1600).run()

:-)


For what it's worth if you want an actual chat system:

Server: 
~~~~~~~
from Kamaelia.Util.Backplane import *
from Kamaelia.Chassis.ConnectedServer import SimpleServer

Backplane("chatroom").activate()
def listenToRoom():
    return subscribeTo("chatroom")
def talkToRoom():
    return publishTo("chatroom")

SimpleServer(listenToRoom, 1600).activate()
SimpleServer(talkToRoom, 1601).run()

Client:
~~~~~~~
import sys
from Kamaelia.Util.PipelineComponent import pipeline
from Kamaelia.Internet.TCPClient import TCPClient
from Kamaelia.Util.Console import ConsoleReader, ConsoleEchoer

pipeline(
    ConsoleReader(">>> "),
    TCPClient(sys.argv[1], 1601),
).activate()

pipeline(
    TCPClient(sys.argv[1], 1600),
    ConsoleEchoer(),
).run()

That's rather messy (in terms of UI) though - the talk from the chatroom
will overtype the text, so a nice client would be to use a pygame text
display instead (we've got something called a Ticker which would be useful
here):

Client:
~~~~~~~
import sys
from Kamaelia.Util.PipelineComponent import pipeline
from Kamaelia.Internet.TCPClient import TCPClient
from Kamaelia.UI.Pygame.Ticker import Ticker
from Kamaelia.Util.Console import ConsoleReader

pipeline(
    ConsoleReader(">>> "),
    TCPClient(sys.argv[1], 1601),
).activate()

pipeline(
    TCPClient(sys.argv[1], 1600),
    Ticker(),
).run()

(Unfortunately, no, we don't have a text edit/entry box for pygame yet :-)

Anyway, hope this was useful/interesting!

Regard,


Michael.



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 21:43:32 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:43:32 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8682.1154125949.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8682.1154125949.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154137412.157812.311670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Aptitude, are you still using that? Just use Synaptic on Ubuntu. The
problem as I wrote in my post before is that for some IDEs you don't
just download an executable but because they are written for Linux
first, on  Windows you have to search and install a lot of helper
libraries that often takes quite a bit of time.

And why do you want to spend half an hour searching for stuff when you
can do just spend 1 minute in a nice graphical installer or use apt-get
install on the command line to  install it.

I am using Ubuntu primarily because it has the .deb system which I
found to be much better mentained and which deals with dependecies a
lot better.

Nick V.



Rob Sinclar wrote:
> > > I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> > > appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> > > deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
> > >
> > > What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> > > IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> > >
> > > Thank you.
>
> > If you plant to deploy on Unix/Linux, why develop on Windows?
> Because it's worth it. And faster. Read below.
>
> > just do 'apt-get install <my_new_ide>' (for
> > Debian based distros like Debian and Ubuntu that is) and your new IDE
> > will appear in the Programming menu.
> Nah I prefer to search half an hour on google, download an exe-installer
> for which I'll never see what it does or contain, double clic on it to launch
> installation procedure, clic 15 times on "ok" and I'm done.
> On the other hand aptitude is the worst thing ever for dependencies and
> that kind of stuff.
> 
> Best Regards,
> Rob



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul 19 21:36:21 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 18:36:21 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
In-Reply-To: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153359381.357280.319190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496746
When you think of modifying the interpreter, think of the compiler
module.


Gabriele *darkbard* Farina wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I saw the rexec module is deprecated. I need to develop a python
> application able to run custom python code based on a configuration
> file that tells the path of the script that have to be executed. Those
> scripts can be runned simultaneously trought threading module, but the
> MUST not have any way to change the base application nor the other
> scripts behaviour.
>
> There is a way to reach this point without using rexec? There is a way
> to start a python interpreter from python to run the scripts?
>
> My final goal is to develop a simple fastcgi script that, based on
> configuration files, is able to host different applications without
> need to copy the script for any application and with any risk that the
> scripts will ifluence in any way each other.
> 
> Any help?
> 
> Gabriele



From stefita at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 13:33:51 2006
From: stefita at gmail.com (Stefka)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 10:33:51 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC server-client communication
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7844.1152172151.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7844.1152172151.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152207231.402667.167130@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

no, its an extern IP adress. For my needs the server and the client
must be on different machines. But I opened the port and it worked.
Thanks anyway :)

Greetz,
Stefka

Marco Aschwanden wrote:
> > server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
> > 22999))
>
> Could it be that xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx stands for '127.0.0.1'? If so... rename
> it to 'localhost'. If you bind a port to 127.0.0.1 it will be found only
> on the same machine.
> Greetings,
> Marco



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 03:12:05 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 00:12:05 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:
> gel wrote:
>
> > Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> > this to python?
> >
> > strComputer = "."
> > Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
> >     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> > "\root\cimv2")
> > Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
> >     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
> >         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> > i = 0
> >
> > Do While i = 0
> >     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
> >     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> > Loop
>
> A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
> from vbs wmi to python wmi?

Dont know about converting vbs to python but using Tim Golden's wmi
module to trap the event of a new process starting is easy.

wmi module can be found at http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html

>>>  import wmi
>>>  c = wmi.WMI()
>>>  watcher = c.watch_for (
>>>       notification_type="Creation"
>>>       wmi_class="Win32_Process"
>>>       delay_secs=2,
>>>       Name='calc.exe'
>>>  )
>>>  calc_created = watcher ()
>>>  print calc_created

and if you want to trap closing down of processes then change
notification_type to "Deletion"


-Cheers



From dppdoran at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 03:57:07 2006
From: dppdoran at gmail.com (Dermot Doran)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:57:07 +0200
Subject: questions to anyone who uses wxPython
In-Reply-To: <1153374729.577273.236000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153374729.577273.236000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <a0227ec10607200057t40357380q3182a3907e5b46aa@mail.gmail.com>

Hi

the "wxPython in Action" provides a very good explanation as to how to
handle this sort of problem using a combination of pure Python threads and
the wx.CallAfter function.  Also if you want more help on this you can join
the wxPython mailing list via www.wxpython.org.

Here is a small example of what I'm talking about that uses a Queue object
to get a background thread to await work from the main gui thread.  Note it
is VERY important that all GUI updates are performed by the main thread in a
wxPython program.


import wx
import threading
import Queue

class WorkerThread(threading.Thread):

 def __init__(self, callBack):
  threading.Thread.__init__(self)
  self.callBack = callBack
  self.work_queue = Queue.Queue()
  self.setDaemon(True)

 def run(self):

  wx.CallAfter(self.callBack, "Thread starting up...")
  work_to_be_done = True

  while work_to_be_done:
   req = self.work_queue.get(True)
   # Go and perform some long lasting task here!
   wx.CallAfter(self.callBack, "Sorry I was kind of busy just now!")

 def helloThere(self):
   self.work_queue.put_nowait("This could be an object")


class MyFrame(wx.Frame):

 def __init__(self):
  wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1, "Testing wxCallback and Python threads")

  self.worker_thread = WorkerThread(self.logMessage)

  panel = wx.Panel(self)
  test_btn = wx.Button(panel, -1, "Hello!")
  self.log = wx.TextCtrl(panel, -1, "", style=
wx.TE_MULTILINE|wx.TE_RICH2|wx.TE_READONLY)

  sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
  sizer.Add(self.log, 1, wx.EXPAND|wx.ALL, 5)
  sizer.Add(test_btn, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER_HORIZONTAL)
  panel.SetSizer(sizer)

  self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.onTestBtn, test_btn)
  self.Bind(wx.EVT_CLOSE, self.onCloseWindow)

  self.worker_thread.start()

 def onTestBtn(self, evt):
  self.worker_thread.helloThere()


 def onCloseWindow(self, evt):
  self.Destroy()


 def logMessage(self, msg):
  self.log.AppendText(msg)
  self.log.AppendText("\n")

if __name__ == '__main__':
 app = wx.PySimpleApp()
 frm = MyFrame()
 frm.Show()
 app.MainLoop()


Cheers!!

Dermot.



On 19 Jul 2006 22:52:09 -0700, Frank Millman <frank at chagford.com> wrote:
>
>
> damacy wrote:
> > hello. i'm using wxPython as my GUI package and whenever my program
> > executes a long process which takes at least 2 or 3 seconds, the user
> > interface gets corrupted while executing the progrocess during the
> > period.
> >
> > i have tried the following lines of code...
> >
> > frame = mainwindow(None, -1, 'my program')
> > ...
> > ...
> > frame.UpdateWindowUI()
> >
> > and it did not make any difference at all.
> >
> > could anyone help me?
>
> I don't really understand the question - what do you mean when you say
> the user interface gets corrupted?
>
> Nevertheless, the following pointer may help -
>
> http://tinyurl.com/hj84l
>
> It is an article in the wxPyWiki that discusses various ways of
> handling longrunning tasks.
>
> HTH
>
> Frank Millman
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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From phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 09:31:06 2006
From: phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk (Phil Thompson)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:31:06 +0100
Subject: Project organisation
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <200607191431.06452.phil@riverbankcomputing.co.uk>

On Wednesday 19 July 2006 3:12 pm, rony steelandt wrote:
> Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py
>
> What would be the best way to organise this
>
> 1.
> c --\project1\*.py
>
>   |-\project2\*.py
>
>   --\globals\util.py
>
> This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
> util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
> it still works (that could be project 1..n).
>
> 2.
> A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
> modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
> clutered, having n versions of util.py.
>
> What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?

You could introduce version numbers to your module hierarchy...

--\globals\v1-0\util.py
          \v1-1\util.py
          \v2-0\utill.py

...then in your code do something like...

from globals.v1-0 import util

...which would allow some sharing without needing to retest.

Phil


From nospam at nospam.com  Thu Jul 13 13:33:45 2006
From: nospam at nospam.com (3c273)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:33:45 -0700
Subject: WMI Help
References: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
	<mn.6c687d672f8e52a4.34209@mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com>
Message-ID: <e9605p01l4s@enews1.newsguy.com>

"Michel Claveau" <mcPas.De.Spam at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com> wrote in message
news:mn.6c687d672f8e52a4.34209 at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com...
> Re!
>
> This script run on my XP :
>
>
> import win32com.client
> WMIS = win32com.client.GetObject(r"winmgmts:root\cimv2")
> objs = WMIS.ExecQuery("select * from Win32_PhysicalMedia")
> for obj in objs:
>     print obj.SerialNumber
>     print obj.Tag
>     print
>
Thank you for the input. Strange that this does not return the serial number
reported by other hardware utilities (SIW for one) and on both of my
machines this number ends with 202020202020202020202020??? Thanks again.
Louis




From RayLang at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 06:56:54 2006
From: RayLang at gmail.com (Boomshiki)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 10:56:54 GMT
Subject: Commercial Programming
Message-ID: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>

I don't mean to be the dick who does not support open source, but the rent 
does not pay itself these days.


What I got is a huge undertaking that will change the way teachers handing 
their grading sytem (that is as far as I can go without breaking my terms in 
the contract).

Now I have a variety of languages I can set the team up with, leaning more 
on Java(unlikely as you will read my issue) and some cross platform 
BASICs(such as RealBASIC).

Now the big issue at hand is how well will I be able to mask my source code? 
After all I wouldn't want some someone walking off to the bank with our hard 
work. That and almost any 16 yr old can look at Python source and know what 
it is talking about (I exadurate, but you get my point).

So my question is how much can Python do for me in the sense of hiding my 
source code while still maintaining portibility? 




From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 20:48:11 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 21:48:11 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1bo8e1pr113lp$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-27 17:10:55, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? 
> 
> You *don't* "write to a non-mutable object". You rebind the name to 
> another object (mutable or not, that's not the problem).

Ok, sloppy writing (sloppy thinking, or probably incomplete understanding
:) on my part. Let me rephrase the three original questions:

>> Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? Are
>> there situations where binding happens without writing to a variable? Are
>> there write accesses to non-mutable objects where the name is not on the
>> LHS?

Rephrased as:

Isn't being on the LHS (of an assignment) the only way to (re)bind a
variable?  Are there situations where binding happens without an explicit
assignment with the variable name being on the LHS?  Can the object
referenced by a variable name get changed without the variable name
appearing on the LHS?

(I hope I got this right now... asking the correct questions is not so easy
sometimes :)

Thanks,
Gerhard



From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Tue Jul 25 14:10:41 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 20:10:41 +0200
Subject: self question
In-Reply-To: <ea5mmt$ek0$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
	<1153849559.477348.197160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ea5mmt$ek0$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <ea5mqu$ejh$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

correction :)

> class Graph:
>     settings = {
>         "NumNodes" : 10,
>         "MinNodes" : 2,
>         "MaxNodes" : 5
>     }
>     def randomizeEdges(self,
>         lowhigh = (settings["MinNodes"], settings["MaxNodes"])):

of course this should be
  Graph.settings["MinNodes"], Graph.settings["MaxNodes"])


From mrmakent at cox.net  Wed Jul 12 13:52:19 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 10:52:19 -0700
Subject: Advice for Python Reporting Tool
In-Reply-To: <1152726278.745957.229920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152726278.745957.229920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152726739.311638.84600@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

rwboley wrote:

> My question is: how can I make that graphing step easier?  Ideally I'd
> like the chart to exist on it's own page, but I have no idea where to
> even begin to implement this.  Any thoughts would be appreciated.

I've seen several people recommend matplotlib for this kind of thing.

http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/



From M.Waack at gmx.de  Wed Jul  5 06:17:53 2006
From: M.Waack at gmx.de (Mathias Waack)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 10:17:53 GMT
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
References: <rdrqg.686$RG3.13381@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
	<WVLqg.689$RG3.13375@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
	<e8g2kh$bf$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <llMqg.690$RG3.13402@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>

Richard Brodie wrote:
> "Mathias Waack" <M.Waack at gmx.de> wrote in message
> news:WVLqg.689$RG3.13375 at se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net...
> 
>> BTW, does anybody know why the c-lib offers both log and log1p?
> 
> So you can get a sensible answer computing log(1 + 10 ^ -30). 

Ok, that make sense to me. 

> There's 
> a lot of somewhat obscure mathematical stuff that got into the standard
> C lib. How often do you need Bessel functions?

Maybe each day. What is a Bessel function?;)

Mathias


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Fri Jul  7 03:14:07 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 09:14:07 +0200
Subject: Solution for XML-RPC over a proxy
In-Reply-To: <e8klal$vpa$1@nntp.aioe.org>
References: <e8klal$vpa$1@nntp.aioe.org>
Message-ID: <44AE09BF.6000508@designaproduct.biz>

Andrew R ?rta:
> All,
>
> I couldn't get my xml-rpc script to work via a corporate proxy.
>
> I noticed a few posts asking about this, and a very good helper script by jjk on
> starship. That script didn't work for me, and I think its a little old -- but it
> was very helpful to figure it out.
>
> The below script is a replacement/update to the earlier work. It is runnable as
> a test or usable as a module. Tests pass from behind and away from a proxy, on
> win32 and Linux i686, with Python 2.4.1.
>
> Comments welcome.
>   
I believe you should also post this in the Python Cookbook.


From tenax.raccoon at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:44:37 2006
From: tenax.raccoon at gmail.com (Jason)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:44:37 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152513332.198715.310050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505296.099716.324930@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152507275.262056.189920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152513332.198715.310050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152546277.702284.67760@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> greenflame wrote:
> > Jason wrote:
> > >
> > > There /are/ a few hacks which will do what you want.  However, if you
> > > really need it, then you probably need to rethink your program design.
> > > Remember, you can't change a string since a string is immutable!  You
> > > can change a variable to bind to another string.  In the following
> > > example, s gets rebound to the new string while t keeps the original
> > > string value:
> > >
> > > >>> def changeString(varName):
> > > ...     globalDict = globals()
> > > ...     globalDict[varName] = '||' + globalDict[varName] + '>>'
> > > ...     return
> > > ...
> > > >>> s = 'Char'
> > > >>> t = s
> > > >>> changeString('s')
> > > >>> s
> > > '||Char>>'
> > > >>> t
> > > 'Char'
> > >
> > > Further note that this only affects variables in the global scope.  I
> > > hope this helps!
> > >
> > >     --Jason
> >
> > Ok so let me see if I understand. The globalDict is just a dictionary
> > containing the name of the global variables as the keys and their
> > values as the values of the dictionary? Thus the inputed variable is
> > treated like a global variable?
>
> The answer to your first question is yup!  You've got it.  That's what
> the globals() function returns.  (There is also a function locals()
> that returns a similar dict but for locals.)
>
> The answer to your second question is no.  The inputed *name* (the
> changeString() function must be passed a string, not a variable) must
> be the name of an object in the global scope for the function to work.
>
> You almost certainly want to use a function like the thefunc() function
> that Jason posted.
>
> One other thing, you could define it like so:
>
> def thefunc(s):
>     return '||%s>>' % s
>
>
> Peace,
> ~Simon

Certainly.  I do want to add a warning: do not modify the dictionary
returned from locals(). Please note the warning given at
"http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html#l2h-45".

    --Jason



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 17:44:53 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:44:53 -0700
Subject: Python help for Access database
In-Reply-To: <1154372959.458828.158450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154372959.458828.158450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154382293.913563.176050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


shakir wrote:
> HI All,
>
> I need help for inserting recods into the access database using python
> script through ODBC. I can insert data without any problem if I hard
> coded the run_Date field. But I need run_Date field should be mytime..
> I am getting error Data type mismatch in criteria expression. in EXEC
>
> I really appreciate if anyone can help me.
>
> Thanks in advance
>
> Shakir
>
> # mdbupdate.py
>
> import sys
> import os
> import os.path
> import shutil
> import time
> import sys, string, os, win32com.client
> import odbc
>
>
> mytime = time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
> mytimeYMD = time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
> conn = odbc.odbc("test1_Data")
> cursor = conn.cursor()
>
> # data type in mdb is as follows: application -> Text, Run_Date ->
> Date, Run_dateYMD -> #number, status -> Script
>
> cursor.execute("INSERT INTO local_cmgenadm (Application,Run_Date,
> Run_DateYMD,status) values (\'MyApp1\',\'%s\', \'20060731\' ,
> \'Good\')")%mytime

1. Why do you think you need all those \ characters?

2. Try this elementary debugging procedure:

sql = "INSERT ......."
print sql
print mytime
print sql % mytime
# compare the result with your hard-coded effort
cursor.execute(sql)

3. You may wish to try the parameterised approach:

cursor.execute("insert ... values (?,?,?,?)", ( 'MyApp1',mytime,
'20060731' ,'Good'))

[google "SQL injection attack"]

4. You may wish to try another interface: adodbapi [I've used that OK
but the project seems dormant (last update 3 years ago)] or mxODBC
[very good but not free].
If you are not constrained to use MS Access, consider sqlite3.

Cheers,
John



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 12:44:36 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:44:36 -0700
Subject: extender method
References: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153932276.681879.210770@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> 'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
> explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
> follows:
>
> class Super:
>    def method(self):
>    # do stuff
>
> class Extender(Super):
>    def method(self):
>    Super.method(self)   # call the method in super
>    # do more stuff - additional stuff here
>
>
>
> I'm trying to use this for a superclass called 'component' in the
> constructor. I have different types of component (let's say for
> arguments sake resistor, capacitor etc). When I instantiate a new
> resistor, say, I want the constructor to call the constructor within
> the component superclass, and then add some resistor-specific stuff.
>
> Now, this is fine using the above code. Where I'm struggling is with
> argument passing. The following, for example, doesn't seem to work:
>
> class Super:
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    self.data = kargs
>
> class Extender(Super):
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    Super.__init__(self, kargs)   # call the constructor method in Super
>    # do additional extender-specific stuff here
>
> What am I doing wrong? I get:
> TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
> WARNING: Failure executing file: <main.py>
>
> Dave

Try this:

class Extender(Super):
   def __init__(self, **kargs):
   Super.__init__(self, **kargs)   # call the constructor method in
Super

(add two asterisks to the call.)

Observe, the following script:

def a(*a, **b):
    return a, b

print a(**{'arg':2})
print a(arg=2)
print a({'arg':2})

# Prints:

((), {'arg': 2})
((), {'arg': 2})
(({'arg': 2},), {})


HTH,
~Simon



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  9 14:02:58 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 20:02:58 +0200
Subject: array of array of float
In-Reply-To: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8rgch$kf$1@sea.gmane.org>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:

> i used C too much and haven't used Python for a while...
> 
> like in C, if we want an array of array of float, we use
> 
> float a[200][500];
> 
> now in Python, seems like we have to do something like
> 
> a = [ [ ] ] * 200
> 
> and then just use
> 
> a[1].append(12.34)   etc
> 
> but it turns out that all 200 elements points to the same list...
> and i have to use
> 
> a = [ ]
> for i in range (0, 200):
>     a.append([ ])
> 
> is there a simpler way... i wonder...

this is FAQ:

http://pyfaq.infogami.com/how-do-i-create-a-multidimensional-list

</F>



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 17 13:43:10 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:43:10 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net><mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> On 2006-07-15, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>> The problem with understanding augmented assignment is that  it directs 
>> the
>> compiler and interpreter to do one or maybe two mostly invisible
>> optimizations.  To me, the effective meaning of 'evalutating once versus
>> twice' is most easily seen in the byte code generated by what is, 
>> remember,
>> the reference implementation.  What it does is what the
>> less-than-super-clear doc means.
>
> But what does one do, if the question is raised whether or not the
> code generated actually behaves as described by the language reference?
>
> Shouldn't the language reference be clear enough to be understandable
> without the help of byte code generated by the reference implementation?
> Otherwise the reference implemenation is being used as part of the
> language definition and then it can never be wrong.
>
> -- 
> Antoon Pardon
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 





From alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com.invalid  Mon Jul 24 04:05:43 2006
From: alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com.invalid (Alan Franzoni)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:05:43 +0200
Subject: Dive Into Python -- Still Being Updated?
References: <1153608516.070145.254800@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hfu1rrll1itq$.1qcnt52mwow02.dlg@40tude.net>

Il 22 Jul 2006 15:48:36 -0700, hanumizzle at gmail.com ha scritto:

> http://diveintopython.org/getting_to_know_python/indenting_code.html
> 
> The function called fib (presumably short for Fibonacci) appears to
> produce factorials. Anyway, 'fib' should really be called 'hem'. :)

I think this is just a bad name for the function... it's not stated
anywhere that it should return a Fibonacci sequence.


> 
> http://diveintopython.org/native_data_types/tuples.html#odbchelper.tuplemethods
> 
> I think tuples have methods, na?

Well... of course they have some *special* methods, (any python object has)
but they have no method of their own. I think this is pretty clear, it's
employed to emphasize the contrast with the list object.

BTW, you can see last update is 20 May 2004; it's right on the homepage.

-- 
Alan Franzoni <alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com>
-
Togli .xyz dalla mia email per contattarmi.
Rremove .xyz from my address in order to contact me.
-
GPG Key Fingerprint:
5C77 9DC3 BD5B 3A28 E7BC 921A 0255 42AA FE06 8F3E 
-
Blog: http://laterradeglieroi.verdiperronchi.com


From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 15:48:25 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:48:25 -0700
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
Message-ID: <1153252105.248719.147020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Michael,
You only need to call the __init__ method of the superclass if you need
to do something special during initialization. In general I just use
the SuperClass.__init__(self,...) way of calling the super class
constructors. This way, I only initialize the immediate parents and
they will in turn call the init method of their parents and so on.
super() is probably the a better way to do things but I find
SuperClass.__init__(self, ...) more clear. For example your code would
be:
-------------------------------
class A (object):
	def __init__(self):
		print "cons A"

class B (object):
	def __init__(self):
		print "cons B"

class C (A):
	def __init__(self):
		A.__init__(self)
		print "cons C"

class D (B):
	def __init__(self):
		B.__init__(self)
		print "cons D"

class E(D,C):
	def __init__(self):
		C.__init__(self)
		D.__init__(self)
		print "cons E"

e=E()
----------------------------------
Output should be:
cons A
cons C
cons B
cons D
cons E

In general note that  __init__ is NOT a constuctor it is an initializer
(therefore the name __init__ as opposed to __constr__ or __new__). The
object is constructed by Python already and is given to init method as
the 'self' argument. The construction can also be customized inside the
__new__ magic method, but normally you don't even need to know about
__new__.

Hope this helps,
Nick V.

Michael J. Fromberger wrote:
> Consider the following class hierarchy in Python:
>
>   class A (object):
>     def __init__(self):
>       print "cons A"
>
>   class B (object):
>     def __init__(self):
>       print "cons B"
>
>   class C (A):
>     def __init__(self):
>       super(C, self).__init__()
>       print "cons C"
>
>   class D (B):
>     def __init__(self):
>       super(D, self).__init__()
>       print "cons D"
>
> Now, suppose I would like to define a new class as follows:
>
>   class E (C, D):
>     ...
>
> In the constructor for E, I would like to invoke the constructors of
> both parent classes.  The correct way to do this seems to be exemplified
> by the following:
>
>   class E (C, D):
>     def __init__(self):
>       super(E, self).__init__()  # calls C constructor
>       super(A, self).__init__()  # calls D constructor (**)
>       print "cons E"
>
> This works, but I find it somewhat troubling.  It seems to me that one
> should not have to "know" (i.e., write down the names of) the ancestors
> of C in order to dispatch to superclass methods in D, since C and D
> share no common ancestors south of object.
>
> Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked
> (**) above?
>
> Curious,
> -M
>
> --
> Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
> http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 15:54:45 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 21:54:45 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c91835$0$32216$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> 
>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>>On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>>>
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>>>>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
>>>>>in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages
>>>>
>>>>Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?
>>>
>>>
>>>Whatever, if both C and Lisp can both talk about variables, I don't
>>>see why python can't
>>
>>Guess where the term "binding" comes from.
> 
> 
> I don't see how that is relevant.

No ?

>>>
>>>So? The statement that python doesn't has variables is just your opinion.
>>
>>The statement that "Python doesn't has variables" is meant to emphasis
>>the very difference between C-like variables and Python bindings.
> 
> 
> And why should that be relevant?

Because the person I was replying to asked for the difference between 
C-like variables (which are mostly symbolic names for memory addresses 
storing bits) and Python's variable (which are mostly keys associated to 
a reference to an object).

> Lisp-like variables are different
> from C-like variables,

indeed.

> but that doesn't stop us from using the
> word "variable". So why should the difference between C-like
> variables and Python bindings be important enough to no longer
> use that word.

Use the word that you want, I don't give a damn. I can't help if you're 
clueless enough to understand why I wanted to emphasis the difference.

>>>>>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>>>>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>>>>>values.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>That is just an implementation issue. 
>>
>>yes, your favourite argument ever.
> 
> 
> What is your point? That it is my favourite argument ever doesn't
> make it wrong or invalid.

Does it occurs to you that most languages are designed with specific 
requirements in mind ? (well, for those that are designed at least). And 
that a good part of these requirements are about or closely related to 
implementation issues ?

> If you have an issue with it, bring
> your arguments. The fact is that if you don't want to use the
> word variable,

I use it everyday.

> you can't rely on current implementation details,
> because implementation details can change without the language
> changing.

Yeah, great. Now you're done with theory, let's get pragmatic.

> 
>>FWIW, the module and the classes namespaces are really implemented with
>>dicts. Functions namespaces are not IIRC, but I can't find the link no more.
> 
> 
> If you use __slots__, the class namespaces is implemented as a list.
> Unless when you add __dict__ to the slots, in that case you have
> some kind of hybrid system.

<aol>
Implementation detail.
</aol>

>>>>>>So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>>>>>than a name.
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
>>>>
>>>>Yes : it holds type and storage class informations too.
>>>
>>>
>>>If you want so. But that is totally irrelevant for considering
>>>something as a variable or not. 
>>
>>This is relevant when talking about the difference between C variables
>>and Python bindings.
> 
> 
> It is irrelevant because the word "variable" is used in a lot of
> different languages. A lot of them with behaviour closer to python
> than to C. The difference between C variables and Python bindings
> is only relevant if it can give you an argument for why we shouldn't
> use "variable" when discussing python.

Oh, my...

> 
>>>If someone would wish to extend
>>>python with a type system, 
>>
>>In case you don't know, it already has one.
> 
> 
> I'll be more clearer: If someone wants to extend python with
> a kind of static typing,

I dont.

>>>>>The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>>>>>will hold something.
>>>>
>>>>The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
>>>>stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
>>>>bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
>>>>direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits.
>>>
>>> 
>>>That doesn't need to be. A C-implementation could use directories.
>>
>>"could", yes. But I'm not talking about language grammar.
> 
> 
> Neither am I, I am talking about language semantics.
> If a C-implementation could use directories, that means
> that directories can be used to capture the C-semantics.

I don't care, and I really doubt anyone working on a C implementation 
cares much. C has been designed to be as simple as possible to 
implement, as close to the hardware as possible, and as fast as 
possible. It has been designed for system programming - actually to make 
Unix portable to other architectures. It's very obvious for anyone with 
a not too limited understanding that C design is very closely related to 
these goals.

> So whether the implementation uses direct translation
> from name to memory to bits or uses directories, it
> doesn't change one bit what one can do with a variable
> in the language.

fine.

> Besides, you don't seem to have a problem talking about
> Lisp-variables, and Lisp-variables don't have such
> a direct translation from symbolic name to memory
> address either. So this specific detail of most C-implementations
> seems mostly irrelevant to me.

The fact that it seems irrelevant to you seems totally irrelevant to me. 
  Good night.



From tdelaney at avaya.com  Mon Jul  3 17:19:46 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 07:19:46 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a
	set[withPython3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5FF1E7C6@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> "Delaney, Timothy (Tim)" <tdelaney at avaya.com> writes:
>> If you want an independent data set, you have to take a snapshot.
>> For the above, that's doing: 
>> 
>>     k0 = list(d.keys())
> 
> I don't understand.  Why have .keys() at all, if it doesn't get you
> an independent data set?  If all you want is to iterate through the
> dict, you can already do that:
> 
>   for k in d: ....

Several reasons.

d.keys()
d.values()
d.items()

You can only have iter(d) equivalent to iter(*one* of the above).

Also, d.keys() can provide an indexable view i.e. you can index it like
the list currently returned from d.keys(). For most use cases, you can
treat it exactly like you can treat the list returned now - just don't
try adding to it or (probably) removing from it.

Tim Delaney


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 15 03:15:28 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 19:15:28 +1200
Subject: CPU or MB Serial number
References: <1152619140.468721.124580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb77ra.98j.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <ldo-5A7666.19152815072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <slrneb77ra.98j.sybrenUSE at schuimige.stuvel.eu>,
 Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:

>Bayazee enlightened us with:
>> How can I get CPU Serial number , or motherboard serial number with
>> python . I need an idetification of a computer ....
>
>Not sure if that'll be sufficient. My serial numbers (according to
>'lshw' on Linux):

Hey, that's pretty cool, I didn't know about lshw before. It doesn't 
come with my SuSE 10.0 system, but it is available under Gentoo.

I tried on my Shuttle SN25P box, and it didn't report serial numbers for 
anything except the onboard Ethernet.

In general, the OP isn't going to get anything like a universally-usable 
serial number, apart from Ethernet MAC addresses.

By the way, lshw seems to think there's a second CPU on my box, but it's 
marked as "DISABLED" and has no capabilities. Is it really there, or 
just a figment of someone's imagination? :)


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 04:33:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:33:02 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c87a3f$0$673$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:20:44 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>May I suggest that you learn some Lisp dialect ?
> 
> 
> Nope. I hate Lisp syntax. 

This should not prevent you from learning it - at least, you'd then
avoid making dumb statements...

> 
>>>Of course, I you like, you can freeze every object you want and nobody can
>>>be able to open and change it. You can also trace all activity for changing
>>>something to objects because Ruby has nice system hooks implemented.
>>
>>__getattribute__ / __setattr__ / __delattr__
> 
> 
> This is not the same. Ruby can also lock access to attributes.

Please re-read the doc for these methods.

> Freezing is
> different. It can freeze any object so you will not be able to add or
> delete any method. Once freezed object cannot be unfrozen. So you can be
> sure that nobody will change you classes if you do not like.
>  
> 
>>And of course import hooks.
> 
> 
> Python?? Where?

RTFM:
http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.5/lib/built-in-funcs.html

What about learning Python instead of repeating arguments from clueless
people ?

> 
>>>Ruby
>>>has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
>>>attributes,
>>
>>This is not "security", this is data-hiding. 
> 
> 
> No. Data hiding are in Python.

Oh, yes ? Where, exactly ?

> Ruby uses security similiar to Java. If the
> class has method marked as private it cannot be used in children classes. 

Python methods are attributes, so from a Python POV, this is still
data-hiding. But granted, I should have used "language-inforced access
restriction" instead. So let me rephrase:

This is not "security", this is language-inforced access restriction.

>>And IIRC, Ruby's attributes are always private
> 
> 
> Yes and no. Yes, because you cannot read them directly without accessors.
> And no, because you can read them if you set proper accessor.

Adding accessors doesn't make the attributes public.

> 
>>>In past Python had Bastion module (http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-Bastion.html) 
>>>but it was rejected and now Python has nothing.
>>
>>Seems like Zope is not doing so bad...
>  
> Zope is only a great application. 

Zope is a framework and an application server.

> Invision Power Board or ezPublish are
> also great application, but it does not mean that PHP is great language. :)

You can't say that Python is dumb when it comes to security and reject
an example of a Python framework that address the problem.

> Python has no security at all. I has only convention and mangling.

Please define "security". I fail to see how language-inforced access
restriction (and mandatory declarative static typing etc) relates to
'security'. As far as I'm concerned, security is about protecting a
system from piracy, not about inflicting useless pain to programmers.

> Of
> course somebode can say, it is enough, and maybe it is. But I think, that
> this might be another reason why Java guys prefer Ruby to Python.

Agreed - but this all boil down to Ruby having a more canonical object
model than Python.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jjl at pobox.com  Mon Jul 10 05:29:16 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J Lee)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:29:16 +0100 (GMT Standard Time)
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
In-Reply-To: <050001c6a396$348e4a00$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <050001c6a396$348e4a00$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607092317590.8452@localhost>

On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, bruce wrote:
[...]
> sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'
>
>
> partial html
> -----------------------------------
> </table>
> <br />
> <FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
> Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
> CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">
[...]

You don't include the HTML mentioned in the exception message ('<! 
Others/0/WIN; Too') in the part of the HTML that you quote, but that 
snippet is enough to see what's wrong, and lets you find exactly where in 
the HTML the problem lies.  Comments in HTML start with '<!--' and end 
with '-->'.  The comment sgmllib is complaining about is missing the '--'.

You can work around bad HTML using the .set_data() method on response 
objects and the .set_response() method on Browser.  Call the latter before 
you call any other methods that would require parsing the HTML.

r = br.response()
r.set_data(clean_html(br.get_data()))
br.set_response(r)


You must write clean_html yourself (though you may use an external tool to 
do so, of course).

Alternatively, use a more robust parser, e.g.

br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory())


(you may also integrate another parser of your choice with mechanize, with 
more effort)


John


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 23 09:13:37 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 06:13:37 -0700
Subject: httplib, threading, wx app freezing after 4 hours
In-Reply-To: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1153660417.374156.213550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Mark rainess wrote:
[...]
> It runs perfectly for about 4 hours, then freezes.
> I'm stuck. How do I debug this?
[...]
> Can anyone suggest techniques to help me learn what is going on.

By inspection: "errcode" is undefined; I expect you stripped the
example
a bit too far. If it is set to something other 200, it looks like you
loop out.

You are calling wx.CallAfter() from a different thread than runs the
GUI.
Is that documented to be safe? I've read that wxPostEvent() is is the
call to
use for this.

Next thing to try is adding enough logging to tell exactly what
statement
hangs.


-- 
--Bryan



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 05:30:52 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 02:30:52 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c796fb$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153992652.553618.223250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> >>Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?
>
> I mean : write a parser and interpreter for a DSL. In Ruby.

It is this kind of stuff Rubys talk about when they mention "DSLs in
Ruby":

http://www.artima.com/rubycs/articles/ruby_as_dsl.html



From orsenthil at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:53:25 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 06:53:25 -0700
Subject: Howto Determine mimetype without the file name extension?
Message-ID: <1153230805.606595.189140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,
         I had a filesystem crash and when I retrieved the data back
the files had random names without extension. I decided to write a
script to determine the file extension and create a newfile with
extension.
---
method 1:
# File extension utility.

import os
import mimetypes
import shutil

def main():

    for root,dirs,files in os.walk(r'C:\Senthil\test'):
        for each in files:
            fname = os.path.join(root,each)
            print fname
            mtype,entype = mimetypes.guess_type(fname)
            fext = mimetypes.guess_extension(mtype)
            if fext is not None:
                try:
                    newname = fname + fext
                    print newname
                    shutil.copyfile(fname,newname)
                except (IOError,os.error), why:
                    print "Can't copy %s to %s: %s" %
(fname,newname,str(why))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

----
The problem I faced with this script is. if the filename did not have
any extension, the mimetypes.guess_type(filename) failed!!!
How do I get around this problem.

As it was a linux box, I tried using file command to get the work done.
----
Method 2:

import os
import shutil
import re

def detext(filename):
	cin,cout,cerr = os.popen3('file ' + filename)
	fileoutput = cout.read()
	rtf = re.compile('Rich Text Format data')
#	doc = re.compile('Microsoft Office Document')
	pdf = re.compile('PDF')

	if rtf.search(fileoutput) is not None:
		shutil.copyfile(filename,filename + '.rtf')
	if doc.search(fileoutput) is not None:
		shutil.copyfile(filename,filename + '.doc')

	if pdf.search(fileoutput) is not None:
		shutil.copyfile(filename,filename + '.pdf')

def main():
	for root,dirs,files in os.walk(os.getcwd()):
		for each in files:
			fname = os.path.join(root,each)
			detext(fname)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()

----
but the problem with using file was it recognized both .xls (MS Excel)
and .doc ( MS Doc) as Microsoft Word Document only. I need to separate
the .xls and .doc files, I dont know if file will be helpful here.

--
If the first approach of mimetypes works, it would be great!
Has anyone faced this problem? How did you solve it?

thanks,
Senthil

http://phoe6.livejournal.com



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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:58:47 -0700
Subject: AUSTRALIA VISA AUSTRALIA STUDENT VISA AUSTRALIA VISA Jobs With VISA
	Sponsorship, AUSTRALIA VISA  immigration,
	AUSTRALIA VISA Sponsorship, AUSTRALIA VISA
Message-ID: <1151935127.310465.30400@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

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From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 11:02:15 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:02:15 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<7bp5qn9iy67r.4knaqqwqt5bg.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <e95na6$fpv$1@sea.gmane.org>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:

> If I understand you correctly, you are saying that if I distribute a file
> with the following lines:
>
>   s = "?"
>   print s
>
> I basically need to distribute also the information how the file is encoded
> and every user needs to use the same (or a compatible) encoding for reading
> this file?

if you put a, say, chr(233) in an 8-bit string literal in your source code, whoever runs
your program will get a chr(233) byte (unless someone's recoded the file on the way;
ordinary file copies and installation tools usually don't do that).  how your program is
treating that chr(233) is up to your program.

to write robust and future-proof code,

- use Unicode literals if you want to put non-ASCII *text* in Python string literals,
  and use a PEP 263-style coding directive to tell the parser what encoding your file
  is using:

        http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/

- avoid putting non-ASCII characters in 8-bit literal strings; use escape sequences if
  you need to embed binary data in a string literal.

also see the "lexical analysis" section in the language reference:

    http://pyref.infogami.com/lexical-analysis

</F> 





From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 12 13:41:03 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:41:03 -0500
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <e93bp7$b3f$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e93bp7$b3f$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <44B5342F.3090508@tim.thechases.com>

> how come you're so sure that there will never be any collisions ?

because none of his strings want their insurance to go up...

:*)

-tkc





From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 20 11:12:27 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 15:12:27 GMT
Subject: text representation of HTML
References: <mailman.8329.1153303761.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns9806A4DE97FAduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Ksenia Marasanova wrote:

> I am looking for a library that will give me very simple text
> representation of HTML.
> For example
><div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>
> 
> will be transformed to:
> 
> Title
> 
> This is a
> test
> 
> 
> i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
> to do it automatically from HTML source.
> Any hints?

Use htmllib:

>>> import htmllib, formatter, StringIO
>>> def cleanup(s):
    out = StringIO.StringIO()
    p = htmllib.HTMLParser(
        formatter.AbstractFormatter(formatter.DumbWriter(out)))
    p.feed(s)
    p.close()
    if p.anchorlist:
        print >>out
        for idx,anchor in enumerate(p.anchorlist):
            print >>out, "\n[%d]: %s" % (idx+1,anchor)
    return out.getvalue()

>>> print cleanup('''<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br 
/>test</p></div>''')

Title

This is a
test
>>> print cleanup('''<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test with <a 
href="http://python.org">a link</a> to the Python homepage</p></div>''')

Title

This is a
test with a link[1] to the Python homepage

[1]: http://python.org




From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Wed Jul 19 03:58:43 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:58:43 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9konj$4kq$1@news.sap-ag.de>

Sanjay wrote:
> Hi All,
> 
> Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.
> 
> Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
> business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
> ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:
> 
> GeneratedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>   .
>   .
>   .
> 
> End Class
> 
> HandcraftedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>  .
>  .
>  .
> End Class
> 
> The intrepretor adds the code in both to compose the class Person.
> 
> What is the equivalent in Python? Inheriting is a way, but is not
> working in all scenerios.

# HandcraftedPerson.py
import GeneratedPerson

class Person:
     def somemethod (self):
         pass


GeneratedPerson.Person.somemethod = Person.somemethod

Using reflection to merge all methods of HandcraftedPerson.Person into 
GeneratedPerson.Person is left as an exercise.

Daniel


From borris at grange.com  Mon Jul 10 02:43:12 2006
From: borris at grange.com (borris)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 06:43:12 GMT
Subject: type comparison  and wxpython
Message-ID: <Xns97FCA9E6F7C73borrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>

ive been trying to do a test for type with wxpython objects

like

passing in a wx.TextCtrl into

def XXX(obj)
 if type(obj) is type(self.Button)

I have to make an object self.Button to get its type.
as I tried   is type("wx.Button") which didnt work.

trouble is the button must have a parent, which appears on the frame (Ill 
try to get rid of it)

but I should be able to use text to set the type
Ive tried "wx._controls.TextCtrl" which didnt work

any hints welcome

btw Im newbie to python, coming from Java and I reckon its cool and sleek
and coming from java Swing, I reckon wxPython is probably better



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Fri Jul 28 15:01:29 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 12:01:29 -0700
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
In-Reply-To: <44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org><44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>
Message-ID: <1154113288.991407.216790@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

You can use this, fast, gives a tuple:

from Tkinter import _flatten as flatten

-----------------------

The xflatten/flatten version I sometimes use, maybe I can put something
similar in the cookbook, but it can be improved a lot (and isrecursive
is too much fragile):

from pprint import isrecursive

def xflatten(seq, tuplestoo=True, safe=True):
    """xflatten(seq, tuplestoo=True, safe=False): Flattens a sequence,
      giving an iterabile. If tupledtoo=True then it flattens tuples
too.
    safe=True enables the recursive reference check, do not use it for
too
      much nested structures. Examples (iterators):
    xflatten( "a" ) ==> ['a']
    xflatten( [] ) ==> []
    xflatten( [[1,[2,[],"a"]]] ) ==> [1,2,'a']
    xflatten( [()] ) ==> []
    xflatten( ([[1,[2,[],"a", ()]]],) ) ==> [1, 2, 'a']
    xflatten( (12, 34, (11,)) ) ==> (12, 34, 11)
    xflatten( (12, 34, (11,)), False ) ==> [(12, 34, (11,))]
    Notes on speed:
      tuple(xflatten()) is much slower than list(xflatten()).
      tuplestoo=False makes this function faster.
      safe=True makes this function slower."""
    # Modified from: http://google.com/groups?th=957cfbd2e46ac001
    if safe and isrecursive(seq):
        raise TypeError, "given structure contains a recursive
reference."
    if tuplestoo:
        if seq.__class__ not in (list, tuple):
            yield seq
        else:
            stack = [iter(seq)]
            while stack:
                for item in stack[-1]:
                    if item.__class__ in (list, tuple):
                        stack.append(iter(item))
                        break
                    yield item
                else:
                    stack.pop()
    else:
        if not seq.__class__ is list:
            yield seq
        else:
            stack = [iter(seq)]
            while stack:
                for item in stack[-1]:
                    if item.__class__ is list:
                        stack.append(iter(item))
                        break
                    yield item
                else:
                    stack.pop()


def flatten(seq, tuplestoo=True, safe=True):
    # Do not use tuple(xflatten(...)), it's slow.
    return list(xflatten(seq, tuplestoo, safe))

Bye,
bearophile



From max at alcyone.com  Mon Jul 17 20:46:46 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:46:46 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <cIOdnfOWC4PrsiHZnZ2dnUVZ_sOdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

tac-tics wrote:

> I'm well aware that both of these snippets does the same thing. I'm
> just spouting my opinion that lists and integers are not tests, ...

No, but testing their Boolean nature _is_ a test.  Aggregate objects in 
Python are true if they are non-empty, and false if they are empty. 
That is reasonable, not uncommon a convention, and quite useful for 
exactly the situations you were talking about.  That convention exists 
_so that_ writing::

	if aContainer:
	    ... container is not empty ...

is meaningful and convenient.  So the answer to the original question 
was, "The first one."  Feel free to write it the other way with an 
explicit test, but it's not Pythonic.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Life is a toy made of glass; it appears to be of inestimable price,
    but in reality it is very cheap. -- Pietro Aretino, 1537


From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 17:58:09 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:58:09 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154117275.656707.311290@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
	<1154117275.656707.311290@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154123889.478593.243420@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

sturlamolden wrote:
> Chance Ginger wrote:
>
> > Not quite that simple. In most modern OS's today there is something
> > called COW - copy on write. What happens is when you fork a process
> > it will make an identical copy. Whenever the forked process does
> > write will it make a copy of the memory. So it isn't quite as bad.
>
> A noteable exception is a toy OS from a manufacturer in Redmond,
> Washington. It does not do COW fork. It does not even fork.

That's only true for Windows 98/95/Windows 3.x and other DOS-based
Windows versions.

NTCreateProcess with SectionHandle=NULL creates a new process with a
COW version of the parent process's address space.

It's not called "fork", but it does the same thing.  There's a new name
for it in Win2K or XP (maybe CreateProcessEx?) but the functionality
has been there since the NT 3.x days at least and is in all modern
Windows versions.



From andre at svn2.wasy.de  Tue Jul 25 08:20:41 2006
From: andre at svn2.wasy.de (Andre Poenitz)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 14:20:41 +0200
Subject: Stack trace in C
Message-ID: <ptehp3-lgi.ln1@svn2.wasy.de>



Bear with me - I am new to Python. (And redirect me to a more suitable
newsgroup in case this one is not appropriate.)

I am trying to embed Python into a C++ application and want to get back
a backtrace in case of errors in the python code.

This works well with e.g.

  import sys

  def u3():
    xxxxxx() # raise an error

  def u2():
    u3()

  def u1():
    u2()

  def f():
    try:
      u1()
    except NameError:
      type, value, tb = sys.exc_info()
      #f = tb.tb_frame
      #while f:
      #	  print f.f_lineno, f.f_code.co_name
      #	  f = f.f_back
      #print "==="
      while tb:
	  f = tb.tb_frame
	  print f.f_lineno, f.f_code.co_name
	  tb = tb.tb_next

  def d1():
    f()

  def d2():
    d1()

  d2()


on the python side.

However, I want to do that on the C side.


So far I have code similar to


  std::ostringstream msg;

  [...]
#if 1
    // Branch 1
    PyObject * exc_type = 0;
    PyObject * exc_value = 0;
    PyObject * exc_traceback = 0;
    PyErr_Fetch(&exc_type, &exc_value, &exc_traceback);
    PyObject * tb_frame = PyObject_GetAttrString(exc_traceback, "tb_frame");
#else
    // Branch 2
    PyObject * pName = PyString_FromString("sys");
    PyObject * pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    PyObject * pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "exc_info");
    PyObject * pResult = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, NULL);
    PyObject * tb_frame = PySequence_GetItem(pResult, 2);
#endif
    while (tb_frame != Py_None) {
      PyObject * f_code = PyObject_GetAttrString(tb_frame, "f_code");
      PyObject * f_lineno = PyObject_GetAttrString(tb_frame, "f_lineno");
      int lineno = PyInt_AsLong(f_lineno);
      msg << " in line " << lineno << "\n";
      PyObject * tmp1 = PyObject_GetAttrString(tb_frame, "f_back");
      PyObject * tmp2 = PyObject_GetAttrString(tb_frame, "tb_next");
      // Now, neither tmp1 nor tmp2 is usable
      // tb_frame = tmpX;
    }
  }


[Plus some reference counting/error checking code I left out] 

The 'Branch 1' version works for a sinmgle frame, but then tmp1 will be
None and tmp2 0 at the end of the iteration and so no further frames
are found.

The 'Branch 2' version creates immediatly tb_frame as None and
does not even enter the loop body once.

So what am I doing wrong? How do I get the equivalent of the python
code in C?
 
Andre'




From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 10:54:17 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 09:54:17 -0500
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <NM3zg.1529$W93.507@dukeread05>

Philippe Martin wrote:

> zxo102 wrote:
> 
>> Hi everyone,
>>     I am using a python socket server to collect data from a socket
>> client and then control a image location ( wxpython) with the data,
>> i.e. moving the image around in the wxpython frame.
>>    But  the "app.MainLoop()" in wxpython looks like conflicting with
>> the "while 1:" in socket server. After I commented the
>> "app.MainLoop()", everything is working except two things:
>>      1. if I click anywhere on the screen with the mouse, the image is
>> gong and only the empty frame( or panel) is left.
>>      2. if I don't  touch anything, the image is being moved around but
>> the previous images are left behind in the panel.
>>     I guess that may be caused by "app.MainLoop()" commented.
>>    Anybody knows how to make the two things work together? I really
>> appreciate your help.
>>    My sample code is modified based on the wxpython demo: image.py.
>> socket client is also attached for your reference.
>> 
>> Ouyang
>> 
>> ################ socket server with wxpython ##############
>> 
>> from Main import opj
>> import wx,string
>> class MMCS(wx.Frame):
>>     def __init__(self):
>>         self.bmp = wx.Image(opj('bitmaps/image.bmp'),
>> wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
>>         self.bmp.SetMask(True)
>>         wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title='monitoring system',
>> size=(500,600))
>>         self.panel = wx.Panel(self,-1)
>> 
>>     def monitor(self,x,y,angle):
>>         bmp = self.bmp.Rotate(angle, (x,y), True,None)
>>         bmp = bmp.ConvertToBitmap()
>> 
>>         wx.StaticBitmap(self.panel, -1, bmp, (x, y), (bmp.GetWidth(),
>> bmp.GetHeight()))
>>         del bmp
>> 
>> app = wx.PySimpleApp()
>> frame = MMCS()
>> frame.Show()
>> frame.monitor(50,10,0.0)
>> #app.MainLoop()
>> 
>> # Server program
>> from socket import *
>> # Set the socket parameters
>> host = "192.168.0.2"
>> port = 21567
>> buf = 1024
>> addr = (host,port)
>> 
>> # Create socket and bind to address
>> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
>> UDPSock.bind(addr)
>> 
>> # Receive messages
>> while 1:
>> data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
>> if not data:
>> print "Client has exited!"
>> break
>> else:
>> print "\nReceived message '", data,"'"
>>                          d = string.split(data, '-')
>> 
>> frame.monitor(string.atoi(d[0]),string.atoi(d[1]),string.atof(d[2]))
>> if data == 'END':
>> print "end of moving the ship"
>> 
>> # Close socket
>> UDPSock.close()
>> 
>> ############# socket client ######################>
>> rom socket import *
>> import time
>> 
>> # Set the socket parameters
>> host = "192.168.0.2"
>> port = 21567
>> buf = 1024
>> addr = (host,port)
>> 
>> # Create socket
>> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
>> def_msg = "===Enter message to send to server===";
>> print "\n",def_msg
>> 
>> # Send messages
>> while (1):
>>           for i in range(100):
>>                time.sleep(1)
>> data = "50-100-%s"%(0.1*i)
>> if(UDPSock.sendto(data,addr)):
>> print "Sending message '",data,"'....."
>> # Close socket
>> UDPSock.close()
> 
> 
> If you get rid of app.MaiLoop(), you basically get rid of all GUI events.
> You need to have you server in a separate thread.
> 
> Philippe
PS:

http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/LongRunningTasks



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 03:18:49 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:18:49 +0100
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9nap5$da2$2@sea.gmane.org>

Anoop wrote:
> Hi All
> 
> Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
> that is followed in Python.
> 
> For example how will be string.lower depricated.
> 
> As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
> 'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python
> 
> Thanks for your inputs
> 
I wonder if this isn't just an English problem: the fact that the 
functions of the string module is depracated just means that you are 
encouraged to use the string objects' methods instead, as the string 
module is likely to be removed at some time in the future.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From crystalattice at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 19:11:23 2006
From: crystalattice at gmail.com (crystalattice at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 16:11:23 -0700
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
References: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>
	<pan.2006.07.09.13.51.56.1332@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152745883.336518.117370@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I checked my code today and your suggestion did fix the problem.  I
used your second idea of having the default class attributes with
individual instance attributes.  I ran into one problem where I kept
getting the error

" File "\\user1\jacksocl\Python_stuff\CMRPG\CharCreation.py", line 262,
in __init__
self.intel = Character.attrib_dict["intel"]
AttributeError: class Character has no attribute 'attrib_dict'
Script terminated."

but I figured out it was because I was calling the Character class
expressly in the Marine subclass when I wanted to rename a dictionary
value.  It was just a simple remedy of changing the called dictionary
from "Character.attrib_dict" to "self.attrib_dict".

It gets so confusing keeping track of all things OOP items, though it's
quite a bit worse learning it in C++.

Thanks for your help.
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:24:01 +0000, crystalattice wrote:
>
> > I've finally figured out the basics of OOP; I've created a basic character
> > creation class for my game and it works reasonably well. Now that I'm
> > trying to build a subclass that has methods to determine the rank of a
> > character but I keep getting errors.
> >
> > I want to "redefine" some attributes from the base class so I can use them
> > to help determine the rank. However, I get the error that my base class
> > doesn't have the dictionary that I want to use. I've tried several things
> > to correct it but they don't work (the base class is called "Character"
> > and the subclass is called "Marine"):
>
> Without seeing your class definitions, it is hard to tell what you are
> doing, but I'm going to take a guess: you're defining attributes in the
> instance instead of the class.
>
> E.g.
>
> class Character():
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.attrib_dict = {}
>
> attrib_dict is now an instance attribute. Every instance will have one,
> but the class doesn't.
>
> I'm thinking you probably want something like this:
>
> class Character():
>     attrib_dict = {}
>     def __init__(self):
>         pass
>
> Now attrib_dict is an attribute of the class. However, it also means that
> all instances will share the same values! Here's one possible solution to
> that:
>
> class Character():
>     default_attribs = {}
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.attribs = self.default_attribs.copy()
>
> Now there is one copy of default character attributes, shared by the class
> and all it's instances, plus each instance has it's own unique set of
> values which can be modified without affecting the defaults.
> 
> 
> Hope this clears things up for you.
> 
> 
> -- 
> Steven.



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 14:26:51 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:26:51 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152901611.721665.174670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Here's an URL to a project that appears to be dated from 2004 -->
http://skreak.com/wrt54g/python.php.

Jack wrote:
> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> user gets to select what modules to install?
>
> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
>
> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
> Python on these systems?
>
> If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
> of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?
>
> PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
> Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough.



From lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 18:00:13 2006
From: lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com (lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:00:13 -0700
Subject: Execution timeout
Message-ID: <1154296813.436160.31340@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

X-No-Archive: yes

Hi,
I'm using feedparser to parse some xml feeds.
As others reported
(http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1519461&group_id=112328&atid=661937
) the library halts while parsing some feeds.

To overcome this issue I was thinking about creating some kind of
wrapper for feedparser that encapsulates a timeout.
So after launching the parse method wait a few seconds and if the
control does not return mark the feed as bad.
I haven't much experience with Python so I'm not able to code it, any
hint?

Is there a better method to avoid this kind of problem?

Thanks,
Lorenzo



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 22:30:07 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 20:30:07 -0600
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <WcCdnWDQGZIyhTLZnZ2dnUVZ_qidnZ2d@comcast.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Injecting a "private" method into a particular instance is not much more 
> complicated:
> 
>  >>> def own(self, arg):
> ...    print "own"
> ...    self.ozz = arg
> ...
>  >>> p = K()
>  >>> import types
>  >>> p.metho = types.MethodType(own, p)
>  >>> p.metho("plugh")
> own
>  >>> p.ozz
> 'plugh'
>  >>> o = K()
>  >>> o.metho("xyzzy")
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> AttributeError: 'K' object has no attribute 'metho'
>  >>>
> 
> and no __makeyoureyesbleed__ __doubleunderscoremessingabout__ required :-)

=)

But of course you have to import a module instead. I'm not a huge fan of 
the types module because it's generally unnecessary, and I'm not 
particularly afraid of double-underscores as I write a lot of __init__ 
methods. ;-)

To the OP: regardless of which solution you eventually go with, it's 
definitely worth understanding how descriptors_ work. New-style classes 
wouldn't work without them.

.. _descriptors: http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm

STeVe


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Fri Jul 21 03:41:42 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 07:41:42 GMT
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<donn-19261B.09311320072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
	<slrnebvcb0.esj.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <Xns98075872568B0duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Donn Cave enlightened us with:
>> Oh, excellent - the string module is dead, long live the string
>> module!  I can replace string.join with str.join, and never have to
>> defile my code with that ' '.join(x) abomination.
> 
> It's not an abomination. It's a very clear way of telling those two
> apart:
> 
> ' '.join(x)
> u' '.join(x)

I don't understand that comment. Are you saying that str.join vs 
unicode.join isn't a clear distinction?

I like using str.join/unicode.join myself, but one advantage of using 
separator.join directly is that you can save the bound method:

joinlines = '\n'.join
joinwords = ' '.join

you can't do that by calling the method on the type.


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:55:25 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:55:25 GMT
Subject: New Martelli Nutshell Out
In-Reply-To: <1153318927.194435.202940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153318927.194435.202940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <NBsvg.2520$No6.50594@news.tufts.edu>

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> My preordered copy of Python In A Nutshell just arrived from Amazon.
> 
> http://tinyurl.com/pkczm
> 
> Looking forward.
> 
> rd
> 

yup, i just noticed that if i order it today with two day shipping, it 
won't arrive until monday, so i'm going to splurge for the next day 
shipping (since i have a prime account)! :)


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 12:23:20 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:23:20 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e937lp$qpb$1@sea.gmane.org>

kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:

> Will the hash function always generate unique keys?

no.  hash() is designed for dictionaries (hash tables), not for use as a 
cryptographic hash.

depending on your application, a bloom filter might be a good enough:

     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter

(see the links section for a Python implementation)

</F>



From pipedreamergrey at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:57:26 2006
From: pipedreamergrey at gmail.com (PipedreamerGrey)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:57:26 -0700
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
In-Reply-To: <eaaepk$p9v$00$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<eaaepk$p9v$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1154019446.157660.112970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

That seems logical, but the syntax doesn't work.  I keep getting the
error:
'module object' has no attribute 'dirname'



From exogen at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:30:31 2006
From: exogen at gmail.com (Brian Beck)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:30:31 -0400
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea3046$9vg$1@eeyore.INS.cwru.edu>

Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>    Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
> is I can't have a
>   def func1 (int1, string1):
>    and a
>   def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>     without the second func1 overwriting the first.

Correct.

>    However, operators can be overloaded.
>    So can I define a new operator?  If so, can I
> define func1 as an operator?

No. Operators in Python are merely syntax for "magic methods" on the
corresponding type. For instance, x + y would call x.__add__(y). In this
sense you are not really "overloading" the operator, you are simply
defining or overwriting its behavior (just like above, where the second
func1 overwrites the previous).

> (on the side, I have always wanted to define the
> ++ operator as +=1. Is that possible?)

No, for the reason above -- there is no magic method associated with ++,
which isn't a real Python operator.

--
Brian Beck
Adventurer of the First Order


From orsenthil at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 02:07:07 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 23:07:07 -0700
Subject: import a user created python file as module
Message-ID: <1154326026.973682.305080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
     I have the following directory structure in my project.
Base:
         file1.py
         file2.py
         Directory1:
                       file1-dir1.py

I am able to import file1 into file2.py
What I need to do is, import file1 in the file file1-dir1.py.
I did not create the entire dir structure as package. Adding
__init__.py file in both Base: as well as Directory1: is not helpful. I
am unable to import file1 in the file1-dir1.py. It is not able to find
the path of the file1.py.

How and what should I do to import file1.py into file1-dir1.py ? Please
give me some references to the tutorial topic which I can study as
well.

Thanks,
Senthil



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 19 03:11:09 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:11:09 +0200
Subject: Iterator protocol changes, was: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8317.1153276114.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9kltr$tuo$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Terry Reedy wrote:

> Guido has so far vetoed adding .__len__() to the iterator protocol because
> a) it is not always possible and 

Be warned that this is a veto after the fact:

# (only) python 2.4 
>>> len(iter(range(42)))
42

# python 2.5
>>> len(iter(range(42)))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: len() of unsized object

> b) he want to keep the protocol as simple 
> as it is.

You will be able to write considerably more complex generators in 2.5:

http://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/pep-342.html

Peter


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 20:57:18 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:57:18 -0700
Subject: url encode latin-1 characters
In-Reply-To: <1153696084.457373.274220@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153696084.457373.274220@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153702638.893854.166840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Lurker wrote:
> I want send latin-1 string to web server by url parameter
>
> urllib.quote return just symbol code with preceeding percent for every
> non-ascii character:
> #>ustr = '?'
> #>urllib.quote(ustr)
> '%9A'
>

The latin1 encoding for U-with-umlaut is 0xDC.
The cp850 encoding for the same is 0x9A.
I deduce that you typed the above in a DOS command window on a Windows
box.
Fire up IDLE and try the same thing again.

> but this seems to be wrong because server response contains my
> parameter and it differ from original (for example '?' became '[')

You told it (maybe) that you were sending in latin1, then gave it 0x9A
which in latin1 is a control character (SCI, single character
introducer) and it gave you back a '[' ... garbage in, garbage out,
perhaps?

How about showing us (a) a snippet of the code you actually executed
(b) the repr() of what was returned -- *NOT* a copy/paste from the
screen; as shown above, a picture of U with two dots above it is not
reliable information.

Cheers,
John



From rridge at csclub.uwaterloo.ca  Sat Jul 22 16:38:55 2006
From: rridge at csclub.uwaterloo.ca (Ross Ridge)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 13:38:55 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8420.1153582166.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153600735.030669.198610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

David G. Wonnacott wrote:
> Couldn't we easily get an n*log(n) shuffle...

Why are you trying to get an O(n*log(n)) shuffle when an O(n) shuffle
algorithim is well known and implemented in Python as random.shuffle()?

                         Ross Ridge



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 12:07:25 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 18:07:25 +0200
Subject: Client Server Connection Program
In-Reply-To: <1152028537.213508.32330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152028537.213508.32330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8e3np$5aa$1@sea.gmane.org>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:

> #/ usr/bin/env python
> # filename: tmc.py (CLIENT)
> 
> import socket
> import sys
> 
> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> 
> host = int(sys.argv[1])
> port = int(sys.argv[2])

the port number is an integer, but the host name/ip is obviously not an 
integer -- so why are you trying to convert it an integer ?

> s.connect((host,port))
> s.send(sys.argv[3])
> i = 0
> while True:
>     data = s.recv(1000000)
>     i+=1
>     if (i<5):
>         print data
>     if not data:
>         break
>     print 'received', len(data), 'bytes'
> s.close()
> 
> 
> Server is installed on machine 192.168.1.4 and Client is 192.168.1.2
> 
> 
> When I start server and the server is listening I start the clinet.
> 
> I started Client using ........
> 
> python tmc.py 192.168.1.4 2000 abcxyz
> 
> where 2000 is the port number  and abcxyz is the string I pass to
> server, I get the following error...
> 
> ValueError: invalid literal for int(): 192.168.1.4
> 
> How can I fix this ?

by reading the *entire* trackback, and looking at the line it tells you 
to look at, before you post.

</F>



From schwehr at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:34:00 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:34:00 -0700
Subject: Detecting socket connection failure
In-Reply-To: <x7r70m7ov7.fsf@handshake.de>
References: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<x7r70m7ov7.fsf@handshake.de>
Message-ID: <1153323240.831751.163920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi Dieter,

Thanks for the feedback.  Were you also using mac osx?  I am wondering
at what level this bug is occuring.

-kurt

Dieter Maurer wrote:
> schwehr at gmail.com writes on 10 Jul 2006 08:42:11 -0700:
> > I've tried to RTFM this and am having no luck.    First off, I am using
> > Mac OSX 10.4.7 with python 2.4.2 from fink.  I am trying to connect to
> > a server that should be rejecting connections and I was surprised when
> > it did not throw an exception or do something otherwise equally nasty.
> > It just connects and never returns any data.  First, the proof that
> > something is there and rejecting the connection (or is it that this
> > thing actually accepts the connection and then drops it?)...
> >
> > telnet localhost 31414
> > Trying 127.0.0.1...
> > Connected to localhost.
> > Escape character is '^]'.
> > Connection closed by foreign host.
>
> What you see here is that the connection was opened successfully
> (the connect succeeded) and then closed again.
>
> > ...
> > In [1]: import socket, select
> >
> > In [2]: remote = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> >
> > In [3]: remote.connect(('localhost',31414))
> >
> > In [4]: remote.recv(200)
> > Out[4]: ''
>
> The means, that you see the same in Python:
> "recv" returning an empty string indicates that the connection
> was closed.
>
> >
> > In [5]: r,w,e=select.select([remote],[remote],[remote],1)
> >
> > In [6]: print r,w,e
> > [<socket._socketobject object at 0x7e48d0>] [<socket._socketobject
> > object at 0x7e48d0>] []
>
> I have seen something similar recently:
>
>   I can write ("send" to be precise) to a socket closed by
>   the foreign partner without error
>   (but of course, the written data does not arrive at the remote side).
>   Only the second "send" raises an exception.
> 
>   I expect this is a TCP bug.
> 
> 
> --
> Dieter



From jdennis at redhat.com  Thu Jul  6 14:45:53 2006
From: jdennis at redhat.com (John Dennis)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:45:53 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc2822
In-Reply-To: <1152209853.32574.175.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
	<44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
	<33408.72.177.126.107.1152207947.squirrel@mail.his.com>
	<1152209853.32574.175.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
Message-ID: <1152211553.32574.202.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>

On Thu, 2006-07-06 at 14:17 -0400, John Dennis wrote:
> ... don't forget for those folks who dislike
> pipermail one can with minimal effort use an external archiver. 

Oh, and I should have added that one of the beefs with using an external
archiver is the disjoint UI between mailman and the archiver, the look
and feel and be very different. But since you're adding support for
stylesheets with mailman this issue is minimized, external archivers
become that much more attractive because it's easier to unify the look
and feel.

Speaking of stylesheets and customized UI, are you planning on having
the core mailman code generate xml, which then is transformed with xslt?
This might be more flexible than relying on javascript to control what
is presented to the user. Sites can then replace the xslt if need be.
Javascript still has a very valuable role to play and I'm not suggesting
not using it, but rather introducing an xslt transform means there would
be very little a site could not customize without ever touching mailman
internals.
-- 
John Dennis <jdennis at redhat.com>
Red Hat Inc.



From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 06:44:23 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 03:44:23 -0700
Subject: Validating Python - need doctype HTML strict
In-Reply-To: <1152486933.692370.29190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152486933.692370.29190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152528263.100531.299890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

PapaRandy wrote:

> When I add the doctype, and other necessities to the .py page
>
> (i.e., <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
>         "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"" xml:lang="en" lang="en">)
>
> I get an invalid script error.

Bear in mind, that this isn't 'a webpage', it's a computer program that
creates a webpage. So you're not 'adding a doctype', you're 'adding
some code to output a doctype', and similarly it's not Python you're
validating, it's the output it creates that you validate. These are
important distinctions.

Anyway, what is the exact line of code you use to 'add the doctype'?
And what is this 'invalid script error'? It's hard to debug your code
when we have to guess what it is! However, because I'm in a good mood,
I'll have a go.

You probably need to escape the double quotes in the doctype because
they unintentionally correspond with the double quotes in your print
statement. The print statement uses double quotes to delimit the
output, and the doctype uses them to delimit the type. Unfortunately
the print statement probably interprets the start of the doctype's type
field as the end of the print statement. Add a backslash before each
double quote within your doctype and see how that goes. Alternatively
you could possibly use single quotes in it instead.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 19 16:17:06 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 06:17:06 +1000
Subject: Weird MemoryError issue
In-Reply-To: <44be90a7@news.eftel.com>
References: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be90a7@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <44be9342$1@news.eftel.com>

On 20/07/2006 6:05 AM, John Machin wrote:
> On 20/07/2006 1:58 AM, jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk wrote:
>> def is_prime n:
> 
> Syntax error. Should be:
>    def is_prime n:

Whoops! Take 2:

Should be:

def is_prime(n):



From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 08:18:36 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 05:18:36 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb617a$0$26254$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1153138715.874341.185270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I would like to but I think my lack of language and time will
be a barrier. Also I don't believe there is much material there
to warrant a technical write up.



Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net


Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Arash Partow wrote:
> > I've ported various hash functions to python if anyone is interested:
> > [snip]
>
> Ok, so if you think they are useful, what about writing up an article for the
> Python Cookbook that describes their usage and specific advantages/disadvantages?
> 
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/
> 
> Stefan



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 08:27:13 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:27:13 +1000
Subject: Dictionary question
In-Reply-To: <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk> <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
Message-ID: <44bcd3a0$1@news.eftel.com>

On 18/07/2006 9:51 PM, Brian Elmegaard wrote:
> Brian Elmegaard <brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk> writes:
> 
> At least it was clumsy to post a wrong example.
> This shows what = find clumsy.
> 
> c=1
> x=2
> 
> l=list()
> l.append(dict())
> l[0][5]=0
> 
> l.append(dict())
> 
> for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
> ######### Can this be written better?

Definitely.
1. Use meaningful names. Especially don't use 'L'.lower() as it's too 
easily confused with the digit '1'.
2. Put spaces around operators -- in general, RTFStyleGuide 
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008
3. When you find yourself typing the same expression 4 times, it's time 
to give it a name of its own (or to throw away a usage or two).


>     if a+c in l[-1]:
>         if l[-1][a+c]<x+e:
>             l[-1][a+c]=x+e
>     else:
>         l[-1][a+c]=x+e

Here's a start. Only you know what *really* meaningful names you should 
be using.

mykey = a + c
newvalue = x + e
lastdict = dictlist[-1]
if mykey not in lastdict or lastdict[mykey] < newvalue:
     lastdict[mykey] = newvalue

4. Add some comments about what you are trying to achieve. What is the 
point of keeping the two dicts in a list??? Can't you give them names, 
like rawdatadict and maxdict?

HTH,
John


From skodela at lithium.com  Wed Jul  5 19:25:41 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 23:25:41 +0000
Subject: problems with midi programming in python
Message-ID: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Hi folks

I hope someone here might be able to help. I scavenged some info and 
even code from the net and am trying to write a module that reads a text 
file and spits out a midi file.

So far I managed to make it work to the level of reading a text file 
with appropriate notes, octaves, transposing, volume, aftertouch, 
polyphony, channeltouch etc.

However I am stuck at writing notes longer than 127 decimal number.

The code I am using is below. I didn't post the whole code to keep it 
brief. If it is ok I will post the whole.

###########################################
def note_on(self, time, channel, note, velocity):
     return varLen(time) + [0x90 + channel, note, velocity]

def varLen(value):
      # Big endian variable byte word
      # as defined by the midi standard
      result = []
      while value:
          result.append((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)
          value = value >> 7
      if len(result) == 0:
          return [0]
      else:
          result[len(result)-1] -= 128
          result.reverse()
          return result
#############################################

note_on should accept time,channel,note and velocity as decimals.

Note and velocity are not a problem as their numbers are small.

If I want to put a note that lasts say longer than 127, fluidsynth moans
saying unexpected eof or unexpected byte 0xfe.

What I would like to do is, to be able to
note_on(1500,1,60,120)
1500 being the problem.

Midi file standard says that time is written as a variable length 
entity. so if 1500 does not fit in a byte it should then use as many 
bytes as needed, but all bytes except last one have their msb set to 1 
to show there is more to come.

Below is the output of mftext for a working and nonworking midi files 
respectively.
############## playing a single 'a' note ############ working fine ###
Header format=1 ntrks=2 division=24
Track start
Time=0  Tempo, microseconds-per-MIDI-quarter-note=500000
Time=0  Time signature=4/4  MIDI-clocks/click=24 
32nd-notes/24-MIDI-clocks=8
Time=0  Meta event, end of track
Track end
Track start
Time=0  Program, chan=1 program=1
Time=0  Note on, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=127
Time=127  Note off, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=0
Time=127  Meta event, end of track
Track end
######################################################

######### playing a single a note, with double the 127 duration##
########not working############################################
Header format=1 ntrks=2 division=24
Track start
Time=0  Tempo, microseconds-per-MIDI-quarter-note=500000
Time=0  Time signature=4/4  MIDI-clocks/click=24 
32nd-notes/24-MIDI-clocks=8
Time=0  Meta event, end of track
Track end
Track start
Time=0  Program, chan=1 program=1
Time=0  Note on, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=127
Error: unexpected byte: 0xfe
#########################################################

What am I doing wrong!!!!!!

Help appreciated.
ta
sree


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 07:19:37 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 04:19:37 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> >>>Lousy Attribute Name:
> >>>	self.tmp
> >>>
> >>>Accessors:
> >>>	set_temporary_buffer
> >>>	get_temporary_buffer
> >>>
> >>>The attribute name I chose, "tmp" sucks.
> >>
> >>Well, it's surely not as descriptive as 'temporary_buffer'
> >>
> >>
> >>>I have used that name in
> >>>dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC.
> >>
> >>Too bad for you.
> >
> >
> > Thank you, that was helpful.
>
> What am I supposed to say ? You choose a bad name for a public symbol,
> used it in 27000 lines of Python code (which certainly took some time to
> write),

This is a __baseless__ statement. For all you know I could have used
the attribute twice in those 27000 lines of code. Even then searching
for and replacing the attribute is tedious and error prone.

>and all of a sudden you realize the name is bad and proceed to
> fix the problem.

Yes, the same way many programmers suddenly realize their class,
function, method, project, etc is poorly designed even after using it
for months and proceed to fix the problem. Shit happens.

>If you know of any other way than a massive
> find/replace, please share.

I wouldn't have started the topic if I did. Apparently the only
solution is to rereference the attribute with a better name and pray
and hope third party developers will use the better name. Or search and
replace!

>But blaming the language for your error won't help.

I did no such thing, you are making that up.

>
> >
> >>>There's a chance that other
> >>>develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
> >>>emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
> >>>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.
> >>
> >>So why did you name it that way at first ?
> >>
> > What does it matter? There are 10 million and one reasons from given
> > identifiers bad names.
>
> And how many reasons to use a bad name in 27000 LOCs before deciding to
> fix the problem ?
>

Do you really think I used the name 27000 times in 27000 lines of code?
Maybe I'm not making myself clear. Having to search 27000 lines of code
to replace an identifier name is tedious and error prone.

> >>>Now compare that
> >>>to the accessors.
> >>
> >>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
> >
> >
> > I didn't say it wasn't.
>
> Yes you did. May I quote ?
> """
> "tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others. Now compare that
> to the accessors. Not only do they improve readability at the expense
> of more code, they actually allow me to change the lousily named
> attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
> searching, replacing and praying.
> """
>
> This obviously implies that you don't understand 'tmp' as being an accessor.
>

You are quoting me out of context. I was speaking with respect to real
accessors, not Python's latent implementation mechanisms.

> >>>Not only do they improve readability
> >>
> >>Err... do you find:
> >>
> >>obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
> >>val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()
> >>
> >>really more readable than:
> >>
> >>obj.temporary_buffer = val
> >>val = obj.temporary_buffer
> >
> >
> > I didn't name the attribute temporary_buffer, I named it tmp.
>
> You didn't name the *accessor* 'temporary_buffer', you named it 'tmp'.
> You are *exactly* in the same situation as if you had used getter/setter
> named "get_tmp" and 'set_tmp". And your point about getters/setters
> "improving readability" is moot.
>

No I'm not. Naming attributes and naming methods are entirely different
situations.

> >
> >>>at the expense
> >>>of more code,
> >>
> >>Indeed. In both the class and client code.
> >>
> >>
> >>>they actually allow me to change the lousily named
> >>>attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
> >>>searching, replacing and praying.
> >>
> >>You still fail to get the point. You actually choose a crappy name for a
> >>*public* property. It's *exactly* as if, in Java, you had named your
> >>getter/setter 'get_tmp' and 'set_tmp'.
> >>
> >
> > No, it isn't.
>
> May I quote what wou wrote a few lines above in this very same post ?
> """
> >>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
> >
> >
> > I didn't say it wasn't.
> """
>
> Don't you see any contradiction here ?
>
> > In Java there's a clear distinction between attributes
> > and methods.
>
> Yes, and that's a big weakness of Java. But that's another point, and
> absolutely irrelevant here. Failing to understand a language semantics
> gives no right to complain about the language.
>

I never complained about either languages. You are making that up.

>
> >>>Sure, if you are dealing with less
> >>>than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
> >>>But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
> >>>developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.
> >>
> >>Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.>
> >
> > I choose good names for most of my APIs. But there cases when you never
> > know an attribute will actually be an API before hand.
>
> Then don't make it part of the API. And anyway, 27000 lines of Python
> take some time to write, so you had the opportunity to address the
> problem long ago - FWIW, you could have fixed it as soon as you noticed
> you were accessing this attribute in client code.
>

Yes, I fixed it then. Which was 27000 lines of code later.

> >
> >>>Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
> >>
> >>or 'tmp'.
> >>
> >>
> >>>But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> >>>less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
> >>
> >>s/developpers/you/>
> >
> > Ha, right! I bet you are perfect developer.
>
> Certainly not, but I wouldn't confuse my own problems with a general
> rule. Note FWIW that I wouldn't blame a language (or my lack of
> understanding of that language) for my own errors.
>

Can you point me to exactly where I blamed Python for anything?

> >>>This
> >>>stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> >>>usually part of the API,
> >>
> >>Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
> >>*All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.
> >>
> > I didn't say attributes weren't objects.
>
> Nope, but you constantly bring that false "data/method" dichotomy in
> your justifications for having badly named a public symbol.
>

There is a dichotomy between data and methods. Yes even in Python.

> >
> >>>as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
> >>>blah.
> >>
> >>Don't confuse encapsulation with data-hiding.
> >
> > I don't see the confusion.
>
> Was just an advice against a very common mistake.
>
> >>>I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
> >>>philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
> >>>state their intended purpose.
> >>
> >>That's true for each and every name in a program.
> >>
> >>
> >>>I don't hold data attributes to such
> >>>standards
> >>
> >>Too bad for you.
> >>
> > Thank you.
>
> For what ? You "don't hold data attributes to such standard". As a
> consequence (and as a result of not having addressed the problem
> sooner), you end up fixing 27000 lines of code. Too bad for you then.
> Some would haved learned from the mistake, which then would have turned
> into experience. Seems more and more obvious that you prefer to come
> whining here instead and blaming the language for your own errors. Too
> bad for you again.
>

That's just silly. I openly admitted to making a mistake. I asked a
query as how to prevent such mistakes in the future, and all I get is
how I'm a dumb programmer and how Python is not Java and how I'm not
intelligent among other rubbish, and how I'm at fault, yaddi yadda.
Only two people actually took the time to "address" my problem.

> >
> >>>and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
> >>>other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
> >>>attributes are not intended to be APIs,
> >>
> >>Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
> >>underscore).
> >
> > I thought that too was unpythonic.
>
> It's a well-known convention, as you would have noticed if you had read
> some existing python code, read PEP8, or just looked/asked for Python
> naming conventions. FWIW, that's one of the first thing I learned with
> Python.
>

I know. Many people still think the private/public classification is
unpythonic.

> >>>but eventually become one.
> >>>After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
> >>>methods.
> >>
> >>Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
> >>both callable and non-callable attributes.
> >>
> >
> > Or objects have state and behavior. Data attributes represent state and
> > methods represent behavior.
>
> Is a getter "behaviour" ? If yes, how does this differ from public
> "data" attributes from a semantic POV ?
>

Yes, a getter is a behavior. It instructs the object to perform an
action. All methods are message channels to an object. A data attribute
does not perform any action. It just holds data for an object. Even
though methods are attributes, attributes aren't necessarily methods.
This is basic OO, I don't see anything semantically complex about it.

>
> >>Mystilleef, I do share your pain (really - been here, done that,
> >>etc...), and I understand that grasping Python requires some mental
> >>adjustments when coming from Java and friends (been here, done that,
> >>etc...). But you seriously can't blame the language for your own mistakes.
> >
> > You don't share my pain.
>
> Are you me to know what I feel ?
>
> > You seem to mock it.
>
> Compassion doesn't imply agreeing on wrong arguments.
>
> > I'm not new to Python
> > either.
>
> New enough to not understand how Python's object model, semantic and
> overall philosophy strongly differs from Java/C++.
>

This isn't an issue about object models and semantics, this is a
design/architecture issue with regards to eliminating the chances of
errors in large source code.

> > I've been using it for over 2 years in several capacities. I
> > only recently decided to use it for a large project.
> >
> >>If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
> >>the bad naming.
> >
> >
> > I never intended it to be part of the API.
>
> So you should not have used it outside the class.
>

The fact that I did, means I should have.

> > It evolved to be an
> > important part of the system.
>
> Then you had plenty of occasions to address the problem.
>

And how did you come up with that?

> >
> >>If you didn't, then you're responsible for breaking the
> >>encapsulation - FWIW, following the convention (single leading
> >>underscore) could have make it clearer to you.
> >>In both cases, you
> >>happily used a bad name in 27 KLOC - so you really had a lot of time and
> >>occasions to notice something wrong with this.
> >>
> >
> > That's nonsense.
>
> Your opinion. Facts tell otherwise.
>

What facts?

> > I only just noticed because I was trying to implement
> > a plug-in system and I needed to expose an important class. I would not
> > have considered the issue a problem without this requirement. Except
> > you are a prophet, you sometimes can't know before hand how certain
> > classes will end up being used especially if requirements suddenly
> > change.
>
> Yes, that's something I'm well aware of. And that's why I pay attention
> to naming and to interface/implementation separation.
>

Good for you.

> > Saying it's my fault to make yourself feel better about your
> > favorite language doesn't help solve my problem.
>
> I don't say it's your fault to "make (myself) feel better about (my)
> favorite language, but because the problem is entirely and only yours.
> Python has it's share of warts, and I'm not denying it.
>
> > I didn't come here to
> > be berated.
>
> Nope, but you came here blaming the language for your own errors, and
> constantly refuse to aknowledge that *you* got it wrong.
>
> > I came here to learn the Pythonic way to implementing
> > accessors.
>
> With public attributes when there's no processing to do, with computed
> attributes (based on descriptors, property being the most commonly used)
> else. But this is totally unrelated to the issue with badly chosen
> public names.
>
> > And of course how to deal with issues like the one I have in
> > medium size to large scale projects. People make mistakes, we deal with
> > an move on.
>
> When one makes mistake, one can either choose to aknowledge the fact and
> learn from it, or to find something/someone else to blame and not learn
> anything.
>

I still don't know what or who I blamed.



From ciccio at unical.it  Wed Jul 19 12:18:15 2006
From: ciccio at unical.it (ciccio at unical.it)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:18:15 +0200
Subject: capture the output
Message-ID: <1153325895.44be5b471d54f@webmail.unical.it>



On 7/19/06, ciccio at unical.it <ciccio at unical.it> wrote:


Dear all,

I'm executing a program by os.spawnv() function. However the program print out
several things. I would to capture this output, but I don't know how.
Could you give me a suggestion?

Thank you 

Ernesto

Hi Ernesto

could you use popen2 or are you bound to os.spawnv?

- Unfortunately I cannot use functions calling the cmd.exe. My operating system
is windows 
 
from os import popen2
dummy, stdout = popen2("prog")
stdout.readlines

and why not put this into a thread? 

- Because I don't know how...

Ciao
Roberto 



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From MyInfoStation at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 23:33:41 2006
From: MyInfoStation at gmail.com (MyInfoStation at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 20:33:41 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Robert Kern wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> > On 2006-07-23 17:12:20, MyInfoStation at gmail.com wrote:
> >
> >> I am a newbie to Python and would like to genereate some numbers
> >> according to geometric distribution. However, the Python Random package
> >> seems do not have implemented functionality. I am wondering is there
> >> exist any other libraries that can do this job?
> >
> > The usual way is to generate standard random numbers (linear distribution)
> > and then apply whatever transformation you need to generate the desired
> > distribution.
>
> That only works if there is such a transformation.
>
> The geometric distribution and many others have been implemented in numpy:
>
>    http://www.scipy.org/NumPy
>
> In [1]: from numpy import random
>
> In [2]: random.geometric(0.5, size=100)
> Out[2]:
> array([1, 5, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
>         2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1,
>         4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1, 3, 2,
>         1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1,
>         4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1])
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco

Thanks a lot. I will try it out.

But I am still surprised because the default Random package in Python
can generate so few discrete random distritbuions, while it can
generate quite a few continuous distribution, including some not very
common one.

Da



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul 12 07:46:05 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:46:05 GMT
Subject: threading troubles
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <slrneb9o7s.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-10, sreekant <skodela at lithium.com> wrote:
> Hi folks
>
> What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in 
> the background.
> #########################################
> class MyThread(threading.Thread):
>      def __init__(self, cmd, callback):
>          self.__cmd = cmd
>          self.__callback = callback
>          threading.Thread.__init__(self)
>
>      def run(self):
>          os.system(self.__cmd)
>          self.__callback('abcd')
>          return
>
>
> cmd=midiplay+' '+fmidi
> xc=MyThread(cmd,addlog)
> xc.start()
>
>
> ######################
> midiplay is 'fluidsynth -ni /home/mysndfont.sf2 mymidi.mid'
> addlog is a function which prints the log.
>
> If I run it only with xc.start() it does not run the program as in 
> os.system. However if I  put
> xc.start()
> xc.run()
>
> then it starts and runs it in foreground with my pygtk ui non responsive.
>
> What am I missing!

You may be missing nothing. If I recall correctly a similar problem was
once reported on the pygtk-list. Some investigation showed that some
programs couldn't be reliably run from a thread, using os.system.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From pak.andrei at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 14:43:09 2006
From: pak.andrei at gmail.com (pak.andrei at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 11:43:09 -0700
Subject: Html character entity conversion
In-Reply-To: <44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1154284989.671967.270330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Claudio Grondi wrote:
> pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> > Here is my script:
> >
> > from mechanize import *
> > from BeautifulSoup import *
> > import StringIO
> > b = Browser()
> > f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> > b.select_form(nr=0)
> > b["source"] = "hello python"
> > html = b.submit().get_data()
> > soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> > print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
> >
> > OUTPUT:
> > &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> > &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> > ----------
> > In russian it looks like:
> > "?????? ?????"
> >
> > How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
> >
> > --
> > Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
> >
> Translate to what and with what purpose?
>
> Assuming your intention is to get a Python Unicode string, what about:
>
> strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
> strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
> strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
>
> ?
>
> I am sure, there is a more elegant and direct solution, but just wanted
> to provide here some quick response.
>
> Claudio Grondi

Thank you, Claudio.
Really interest solution, but it doesn't work...

In [19]: strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'

In [20]: strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')

In [21]: strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)

In [22]: print strUnicode
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError                        Traceback (most
recent call last)

C:\Documents and Settings\dron\<ipython console>

C:\usr\lib\encodings\cp866.py in encode(self, input, errors)
     16     def encode(self,input,errors='strict'):
     17
---> 18         return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
     19
     20     def decode(self,input,errors='strict'):

UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position
0-5: character maps to <undefined>

In [23]: print strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
?????????????????? ???????????????
<-- it's not my string "?????? ?????"

In [24]: strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
Out[24]:
'\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x88\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x81\xb4\xe1\x81\xb7\xe1\x82\x90
\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x82\x90\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x82\
x85' <-- and too many chars



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Wed Jul 19 09:12:11 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:12:11 +0200
Subject: Using super()
In-Reply-To: <44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <44BE2FAB.9040608@designaproduct.biz>


> I see, thank you.
>
> class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
>     def add_section(self, section)
>          super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
>
> seems to work and as expected. Is there anything wrong with it ?
>   
I have never seen this before. :) I don't know the answer, but I'm 
interested too.

   Laszlo



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 02:27:05 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 23:27:05 -0700
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <1152599225.878005.312860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

sreekant wrote:
> Hi folks
>
> What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in
> the background.

Others have pointed you at os.popen.  In non-crippled languages, use
processes (e.g. popen) when you wish to preserve the years of hard work
that OS designers put into protected memory.  Use threads only when you
know why you want to abandon such and share all memory.   95% or more
of the time when you're making the multiprocessing decision, threads
are the wrong choice.  5% (or less) of the time they're indispensable.
But if you're just looking for asychronous processing and don't know
why you need to abandon memory protection, go with processes.



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 11 17:55:49 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:55:49 -0700
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
In-Reply-To: <1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B41E65.2050906@mvista.com>

cdecarlo wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I'm not 100% sure on this but to me it looks like there is a problem in
> your make file.  I would look in there first, see where 'cat' is
> executed, I bet your problem will be around there.
>
> Hope this helps,
>
> Colin
>
>   
Well, running the make on the command line seems to work just fine, no 
errors at all.  I, in fact, get the results I expect with no error 
messages printed out.  I thought maybe something might have used cat as 
a utility, thanks, i'll keep on it.

-c



-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From girish at it.usyd.edu.au  Tue Jul 11 21:44:23 2006
From: girish at it.usyd.edu.au (girish at it.usyd.edu.au)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:44:23 +1000
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152668663.44b453f7ba8f6@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>

Quoting Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr>:

> girish at it.usyd.edu.au a ?crit :
> > Hi,
> >  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length
> >=2.
> > Also,
> > each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> > versa.
> >  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> > 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
> >  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> > 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd',
> 'c'],
> > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> > 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
> >
> >  I've tried the following but i cant prevent duplicates and i'm
> missing
> > some substrings:
> >
> >
> >>>>colocn = 'abcd'
> >>>>k = 4
> >>>>for i in range(k-1):
> >
> >             for j in range(1,k):
> >                 rule1 = [colocn[i:i+j],colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:]]
> >                 rule2 = [colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:],colocn[i:i+j]]
> >                 rules.append(rule1)
> >                 rules.append(rule2)
> >
> >>>>rules
> >
> > [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['abc', 'd'],
> > ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'],
> > ['bcd', 'a'], ['a', 'bcd'], ['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'], ['cd', 'ab'],
> > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['ab', 'cd']]
> >
> >
> > Any ideas??
>
> Algorithmic problem.
>
> First, you need to get all permutations. This is a known algorithm, that
> you'll find examples of on the net. Then for each permutation, list
> possibles 'pair-splits'.
>
> Here's a (probably sub-optimal, but it's getting late here) possible
> implementation in functional style:
>
> def rotate(lst):
>      yield lst
>      max = len(lst)
>      for i in range(1, max):
>          yield lst[i:] + lst[:-(max-i)]
>
> def permute(lst):
>      if len(lst) > 2:
>          for rotated in rotate(lst):
>              head, tail = rotated[0], rotated[1:]
>              for permuted in permute(tail):
>                  yield [head] + permuted
>      elif len(lst) == 2:
>          yield lst
>          yield lst[::-1]
>      else:
>          yield lst
>
> def splits(lst):
>      for i in range(1, len(lst)):
>          yield lst[0:i], lst[i:]
>
> def allsplits(lst):
>      for permuted in permute(lst):
>          for pair in splits(permuted):
>              yield pair
>
> def listsubstrings(thestr):
>      format = lambda pair: (''.join(pair[0]), ''.join(pair[1]))
>      return [format(list(pair)) for pair in allsplits(list(thestr))]
>
>
> print listsubstrings("abcd")
Thanks Bruno. I wanted to avoid permutations as it would take more time,
but i guess will have to deal with them now :((
Also this one gives each rule twice...i've to search for some double
counting...

>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>




----------------------------------------------------------------
This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 10:31:03 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 07:31:03 -0700
Subject: SOAPy Question
References: <1153401475.912764.99660@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153405863.386965.151530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Please disregard, as I googled my way to the answer. I used SOAPProxy
to specify the information I needed to get out to the external SOAP
service. All is well and away we go :-)

gregarican wrote:
> I apologize in advance for not googling in depth enough :-) I am
> looking for use Python's SOAP implementation to pull some retail
> pricing data for a work project. Our Internet access goes through an
> authenticating proxy server. Can I access information in this scenario
> using SOAPy? I have seen cases where the SOAP service requires
> authentication and various SOAP implementations account for this. But I
> am looking to specify the proxy server authentication to even get out
> to the external SOAP service. 
> 
> Will this be doable?



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 14:21:03 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 20:21:03 +0200
Subject: RedHat: Easiest way to upgrade from Python 2.3 to 2.4
In-Reply-To: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b68f12$0$26268$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

gmax2006 wrote:
> My RedHat Linux installation already has Python 2.3 on it.
> What is the easiest way to upgrade it to 2.4?

The source tar-ball contains an file Misc/RPM/python-XXX.spec that you can use
to build an RPM ("rpmbuild -bs" or "rpm -bs"). The resulting package will
normally be called "python2.4", so if your current installation uses plain
"python" (rpm -q python), you can install it without any problems with
backwards compatibility.

Stefan


From gdamjan at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 19:32:09 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 01:32:09 +0200
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cd413b$0$15782$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

> Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
> laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
> a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.

of topic: that Broadcom wireless card has a driver included in the latest
kernel 2.6.17, and probably you could easily make it work if you make some
upgrades to Ubuntu.


-- 
damjan


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 11:59:19 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:59:19 -0700
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
References: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<op.tdaovsl6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>
Message-ID: <1153929559.370717.223070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I find the "Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python" under "Local links" on
this page http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/tkinter.html to
be very helpful.  It has a decent discussion of the grid layout
manager.

HTH,
~Simon



From bluszcz at jabberpl.org  Sun Jul 16 11:57:30 2006
From: bluszcz at jabberpl.org (Rafal Zawadzki)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 17:57:30 +0200
Subject: Very simple speed benchmark of few string substitions ways
Message-ID: <e5f00$44ba61dc$540a0ecb$12839@news.chello.pl>

I was curious of performance new Python 2.4 "Simpler String Substitutions"
so I decided to benchmark it. What I get

bluszcz at akira:~/python/benchmarks$ python template.py
         Normal python string substition = 0.017546 seconds
   PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutions = 0.243750 seconds
                   Jinja template system = 0.821844 seconds
                 Cheetah template system = 26.842872 seconds
bluszcz at akira:~/python/benchmarks$ 

To get i wrote small soft: 
http://wiki.bluszcz.net/PythoneTemplatingSystemsSpeedBenchmark

Cheers,

-- 
Rafa? ?? Zawadzki
http://bluszcz.net http://wiki.bluszcz.net


From danielmarkhot at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 16:38:48 2006
From: danielmarkhot at gmail.com (Daniel Mark)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:38:48 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154119128.489179.265970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello John:

I did try, however, it doesn't work on my machine.


Thank you
-Daniel


John Salerno wrote:
> Daniel Mark wrote:
>
> > Maybe there is not solution to this problem:)?
>
> Did you not try Sybren's suggestion? Remove the space between the
> semicolon and the path and it should work. It worked (and didn't work)
> for me when I tested it.



From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:07:44 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:07:44 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7849.1152180933.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7849.1152180933.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152536864.496231.95760@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

tks this ws really helpful, i used catdoc, catppt, xls2csv, pdftotext
from xdf and ps2txt from ghostview!..

BJ?rn Lindqvist wrote:
> On 4 Jul 2006 08:38:47 -0700, Gaurav Agarwal
> <gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Thanks Steven, Actually i wanted a do text processing for my office
> > where I can view all files in the system and use the first three to
> > give a summary of the document. Instead of having somebody actually
> > entering the summary. Seems there is no one code that can act as
> > convertor across formats, i'll have to check out convertors for
> > individual formats.
>
> I have some old code that does just that. It uses pdftotext, catdoc
> and links to convert .doc, .pdf and .html to text.
>
> ##################################################################
> import mimetypes
> from subprocess import call, Popen, PIPE
> import sys
>
> class ConversionError(Exception):
>     pass
>
> class UnknownMimeType(ConversionError):
>     pass
>
> class NotAMimeType(ConversionError):
>     pass
>
> class ParseError(ConversionError):
>     pass
>
> def has_program(progname):
>     return call(["which", progname], stdout = PIPE) == 0
>
> def check_requirements():
>     missing = []
>     for prog in "catdoc", "pdftotext", "links":
>         if not has_program(prog):
>             missing.append(prog)
>     if missing:
>         print "You need to have the programs:", " ".join(missing)
>         return False
>     return True
>
> if not check_requirements():
>     print "Needed external programs not found, quitting"
>     sys.exit(1)
>
> def get_catdoc_args(infile):
>     return ["catdoc", "-s", "8859-1", infile]
>
> def get_pdftotext_args(infile):
>     return ["pdftotext", infile, "-"]
>
> def get_links_args(infile):
>     return ["links", infile, "-dump"]
>
> def totext(document):
>     filetype_to_args_map = {"application/msword" : get_catdoc_args,
>                             "application/pdf" : get_pdftotext_args,
>                             "text/html" : get_links_args}
>
>     ftype, ign = mimetypes.guess_type(document)
>     if not ftype:
>         raise NotAMimeType, "Couldn't detect mimetype for %s" % document
>     try:
>         argfunc = filetype_to_args_map[ftype]
>     except KeyError:
>         s = "Don't know how to handle %s documents" % ftype
>         raise UnknownMimeType, s
>
>     p = Popen(argfunc(document), stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
>     text = p.stdout.read()
>     if p.wait():
>         # Force a better exception to be thrown if the file doesn't exist.
>         open(document)
>         raise ParseError, "Failed to parse %s" % document
>     return text
>
> if __name__ == "__main__":
>     print totext("testpdf.pdf")
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> mvh Bj?rn



From jo at durchholz.org  Thu Jul 13 06:37:12 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:37:12 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9581q$6od$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>>>> Marshall schrieb:
>>>>> I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
>>>>> imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
>>>>> is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
>>>>> more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?
>>>> Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.
>>> Okay, sure. Nice explanation.
>>>
>>> But one minor point: you describe this as an issue with "imperative"
>>> languages. But aliasing is a problem associated with pointers,
>>> not with assignment.
>> Aliasing is not a problem if the aliased data is immutable.
> 
> Okay, sure. But for the problem you describe, both imperativeness
> and the presence of pointers is each necessary but not sufficient;
> it is the two together that causes the problem. So it strikes
> me (again, a very minor point) as inaccurate to describe this as
> a problem with imperative languages per se.

Sure.
It's just that I know that it's viable to give up destructive updates. 
Giving up pointers is a far more massive restriction.

> Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
> operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
> for certain problems.

I don't know any.
In some cases, you need an additional level of conceptual indirection - 
instead of *doing* the updates, you write a function that *describes* them.

 > Pointers on the other hand add nothing except
> efficiency and a lot of confusion. They should be considered an
> implementation technique only, hidden behind some pointerless
> computational model.
> 
> I recognize that this is likely to be a controversial opinion.

Indeed.

In fact "modes" are a way to restrict pointer aliasing.

> I heartily support immutability as the default, for these and other
> reasons.

OK, then we're in agreement here.

>> Some functional languages restrict assignment so that there can exist at
>> most a single reference to any mutable data structure. That way, there's
>> still no aliasing problems, but you can still update in place where it's
>> really, really necessary.
> 
> Are we speaking of uniqueness types now? I haven't read much about
> them, but it certainly seems like an intriguing concept.

Yup.
It's called "modes" in some other languages (Mercury or Clean IIRC).

>> I know of no professional language that doesn't have references of some
>> kind.
> 
> Ah, well. I suppose I could mention prolog or mercury, but then
> you used that troublesome word "professional." So I will instead
> mention a language which, if one goes by number of search results
> on hotjobs.com for "xxx progammer" for different value of xxx, is
> more popular than Java and twice as popular as C++. It lacks
> pointers (although I understand they are beginning to creep in
> in the latest version of the standard.) It also posesses a quite
> sophisticated set of facilities for declarative integrity constraints.
> Yet for some reason it is typically ignored by language designers.
> 
> http://hotjobs.yahoo.com/jobseeker/jobsearch/search_results.html?keywords_all=sql+programmer

Oh, right. SQL is an interesting case of getting all the problems of 
pointers without having them ;-)

Actually SQL has references - they are called "primary keys", but they 
are references nevertheless. (Some SQL dialects also offer synthetic 
"ID" fields that are guaranteed to remain stable over the lifetime of a 
record. Seems like SQL is imperative enough that programmers want this, 
else the SQL vendors wouldn't have added the feature...)
SQL also has updates.
The result: updates with undefined semantics. E.g. if you have a numeric 
key field, UPDATE commands that increment the key by 1 will fail or work 
depending on the (unspecified) order in which UPDATE touches the 
records. You can have even more fun with updatable views.
With a "repeatable read" isolation level, you actually return to a 
declarative view of the database: whatever you do with it, you won't see 
it until you commit the transaction. (As soon as you commit, the 
declarative peace is over and you better watch out that your data 
doesn't become inconsistent due to aliasing.)


Aliasing isn't really related to specific programming practices. If two 
accountants chat, and one talks about the hot blonde secretaire and the 
other about his adorable wife, you can imagine the awkwardness that 
ensues as soon as they find out they're talking about the same person!
The only thing that can really be done about it is not adding it 
artificially into a program. In those cases where aliasing is part of 
the modelled domain, you really have to carefully inspect all 
interactions and never, never, never dream about abstracting it away.


Regards,
Jo


From jes at nl.demon.net  Sun Jul  2 05:53:27 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 09:53:27 -0000
Subject: Can I do it using python??  about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>

In article <1151814697.201988.17140 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
valpa <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
>I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
>telnet on to them and configure them.
>It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
>each server.

Don't use telnet. it's clumsy and has security issues.

Use ssh with RSA or DSA keys. Then you simply do:

ssh username at machine_name

in an xterm and you are loggedis as user username on server
machinename. It's vastly more secure and more reliable. 

If you're talking about initial setup of a machine (OS installation or
whatever), our solution was to have a post-install CD or floppy which
fetched standard server configuration data. This included an ssh
public key for our ssh-key distribution, so after running the
post-install disc, we could push out staff ssh-keys and logins were
available.




-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From timo.linna at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 05:51:29 2006
From: timo.linna at gmail.com (Timo)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:51:29 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1154080289.251993.137560@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Steve Jobless kirjoitti:

> Let's say the class is defined as:
>
>   class MyClass:
>     def __init__(self):
>       pass
>     def func(self):
>       return 123
>
> But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
>
>   x = MyClass()
>   x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
>
> or even:
>
>   x.func = 789
>
> After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.
>

You can avoid the problem by using the __slots__ definition and
new-style classes (inherit from object):

class MyClass(object):

    __slots__ = ('bar',)

    def func(self):
        return 123

x = MyClass()
x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
==>
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute
'instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class'

x.func = 789
==>
AttributeError: 'MyClass' object attribute 'func' is read-only

Only the bar-attribute can be set:

x.bar = 'foo'

-- timo



From zabaione at uk2.net  Mon Jul 10 17:05:54 2006
From: zabaione at uk2.net (freesteel)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 14:05:54 -0700
Subject: Py_NewInterpreter(), is this a bug in the python core?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7993.1152556816.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152548293.533331.232200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7993.1152556816.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152565554.116752.167800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Yes, I see that now in the documentation, which to me is quite
confusing.
So, how do you use python in a multithreaded environment, where for
example you want to run some embeded python code from a number of
different C threads?

This article: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3641 is quite good,
but must have been written before these PyGILState_* functions.

I only used Py_NewInterpreter to have a fresh 'import sys'.

Somebody enlighten me, please.

Martin



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 27 09:22:27 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 06:22:27 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
>
> Instead of using os.system, maybe you want to use one of the popens or
> the subprocess module.  For each ssh, you'd spawn off a process that
> does the ssh and communicates back to the control process through a
> set of file descriptors (Unix pipe endpoints or whatever).  The
> control process could use either threads or polling/select to talk to
> the pipes and keep track of what the subprocesses were doing.

For some insight into what you might need to do to monitor asynchronous
communications, take a look at the parallel/pprocess module, which I
wrote as a convenience for spawning processes using a thread
module-style API whilst providing explicit channels for interprocess
communication:

http://www.python.org/pypi/parallel

Better examples can presumably be found in any asynchronous
communications framework, I'm sure.

> I don't think you need anything as complex as shared memory for this.
> You're just writing a special purpose chat server.

Indeed. The questioner might want to look at the py.execnet software
that has been presented now at two consecutive EuroPython conferences
(at the very least):

http://indico.cern.ch/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=91&sessionId=41&confId=44

Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but
issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be
addressed.

Paul



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 17:17:50 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:17:50 -0500
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153256652.118174.238080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>
	<1153256652.118174.238080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jj5l$li5$1@sea.gmane.org>

T wrote:
> Thomas Bartkus wrote:
>> "T" <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote in message
>> news:1153252214.457508.269880 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
>>> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
>>>
>>> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>>>   print line
>> Are you asking if you can get away without closing it?
>> Or are you asking if it is a good idea to not close it?
>>
>> Good programming practice says that if you open it - you close it.
>>
>> And stay out of trouble ;-)
>> Thomas Bartkus
> 
> How do I close the file in the above case?

You rewrite the faulty code such that the above case isn't the above case anymore.

f = open('foo', 'r')
try:
   for line in f:
     print line
finally:
   f.close()

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:11:38 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:11:38 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Paul Boddie wrote:
> Ben Sizer wrote:
> >
> > In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy,
>
> There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones
> have you tried and why are they insufficient?

PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was
also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with
hardware advances at all. On the graphical side you can opt for OpenGL,
the Python library for which is also barely maintained (though I hear
work is underway behind the scenes) and doesn't provide much more than
a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only
appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very
popular.

Which other frameworks are you thinking of? I know of a variety of
wrappers around individual libraries, and of wrappers around 3D engines
such as Irrlicht and Ogre, but not much else.

> Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring,
> but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels.

Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or
independent site. There are probably some hosts that will provide
shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not
exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with
PHP or ASP, for example. And even with the full framework approach, the
field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community
support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate
there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never
be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think
a critical mass of users is important with any technology.

I'm in a similar situation to the original poster; I'd like to use
Turbogears for an app I want to write, but will probably end up doing
it in PHP instead, because I can't get dedicated hardware or a local
host for Turbogears. (Never mind the lack of documentation.)

> Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the
> two technologies together.

It's a fair point, but on the other hand, saying "if you want it doing,
do it yourself" doesn't objectively improve the status quo. If
something doesn't exist, it doesn't exist, and it's valid to comment
upon that fact.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 21:52:55 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 18:52:55 -0700
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <fqYrg.6802$nK.3706@dukeread05>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02><fqYrg.6802$nK.3706@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1152409975.615589.256740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:
> I don't know, if I were the genious that made up Python I would not believe
> in any bible (small b)

Take it to alt.religion please.

> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.

I had the same problem as you. I heard lots of good things about
Python, but was unable to sit myself down in front of my computer long
enough to learn it. So I picked up a copy of Learning Python and read
the entire thing in a night.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596002815/ref=pd_bxgy_img_b/002-4705377-6120028?ie=UTF8

I'm sorry I can't really do a comparison between different books, this
being the only one I bought, but it got me to the point where I could
start playing with code and reading the online documentation (which is
superb).

Coming from a relatively strong background in Java and C++, this book
was very easy to digest. The book is not a "teaching programming" book,
so unless you have experience in at least one real language programming
language, it might not be worth your time.

My only complaint about this book is the confusing way it presenting
Python's OOP model and the way they present for loops (they make it
sound like for loops are 100 times slower than in Java or C++... They
don't get the actual point across effectively, that  they are just
different.)



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 20:39:52 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:39:52 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>
References: <hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
	<1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154392791.954980.78190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Philippe, please!  The suspense is killing me.  What's the cpu!?

For the love of God,  what's the CPU?

I-can't-take-it-anymore-it's-such-a-simple-question-ingly yours,
~Simon



From tobias at stud.cs.uit.no  Fri Jul 28 08:22:30 2006
From: tobias at stud.cs.uit.no (Tobias Brox)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 12:22:30 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
Message-ID: <eacvi6$6t3$1@news.uit.no>

[mark]
> http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/async.html .

At my work, we started writing a web app using the twisted framework,
but it was somehow too twisted for the developers, so actually they
chose to do threading rather than using twisted's async methods.

-- 
Tobias Brox, 69?42'N, 18?57'E


From Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:54:31 2006
From: Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?S=E9bastien_Boisg=E9rault?=)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:54:31 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152546870.993755.275720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Steven Bethard a ?crit :

> The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you write
> a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are
> implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any
> iterable and only need to be defined once::
>
> [... skipped ...]
>
> Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once,
> and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that
> you invent tomorrow.

Yep. Rubyphiles would probably define these 3 methods in a "module"
Iterable and "mix" it in their brand new container classes.
These classes then automatically have list, sorted and join *as
methods*.

Guess you could use this kind of trick in Python if you can live with
heavy *and* implicit surgery of the inheritance chain ;)

Cheers,

SB



From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 13 04:10:00 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:10:00 +0200
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
In-Reply-To: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hmdepF9392U1@uni-berlin.de>

Sanjay schrieb:
> Hi all,
> 
> I am new to python. Sorry if this is too novice question, but I could
> not find an answer yet.
> 
> While coding a business class library, I think it is preferable to have
> one class per source file, rather than combining all classes into one
> file, considering multiple developers developing the classes.
> 
> So, as per my study of python, a developer using the business class
> library has to write so many imports, one per class. Like:
> 
> from person import Person
> from contact import Contact
> .
> .
> .
> 
> Is there not a simple solution, a single import and you are able to use
> all the classes? Is there anything wrong in my approcah? Waiting for
> suggestions.

While there is nothing technically wrong, in python usually several 
related classes (and functions!) are grouped in one module. Not one 
class per file.

Additionally, you can use one module to import others into its 
namespace. The result is that this allows to only have one import, but 
get lots of modules imported with that.

foo/__init__.py:
import bar
from baz import *

foo/bar.py:
class Bar(object):
     pass

foo/baz.py:
class Baz(object):
     pass


can then be used as this:


import foo

foo.bar.Bar()
foo.bar.Baz()


Diez


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 10:03:54 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:03:54 +0200
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <e95jse$2gt$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Salerno wrote:

> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as
> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation
> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable
> file to install it.

just install it as usual on C:, and copy the \python24 directory, plus the python24.dll
from \windows\system32, to a suitable directory on the stick.  you can use a tool like
exemaker:

    http://effbot.org/zone/exemaker.htm

to provide EXE loaders for your scripts.

</F> 





From shejo284 at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 10:34:49 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 07:34:49 -0700
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152455689.629891.90820@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Sheldon skrev:

> Hi,
>
> I am trying to build a large array using concatenate function in
> python.
> So as I loop over the number of arrays, of which there are 12 (4 down
> and 3 across), I create 3 long arrays by concatenating them at the
> bottom and then concatenating them side by side:
> for ind in range(num_arrays):
>             if ind == 0:
>                 bias_down1 = array(bias)
>                 ppslon1    = array(ppslon)
>
>                 ppslat1    = array(ppslat)
>
>              elif ind > 0 and <= 3:
>                 bias_down1 = concatenate((bias_down1,bias),0)
>
>                 ppslon1    = concatenate((ppslon1,ppslon),0)
>
>                 ppslat1    = concatenate((ppslat1,ppslat),0)
>             elif ind == 4:
>                 bias_down2 = array(bias)
>                 ppslon2    = array(ppslon)
>                 ppslat2    = array(ppslat)
>             elif ind > 4 and ind <= 7:
>                 bias_down2 = concatenate((bias_down2,bias),0)
>
>                 ppslon2    = concatenate((ppslon2,ppslon),0)
>
>                 ppslat2    = concatenate((ppslat2,ppslat),0)
>
>             elif ind == 8:
>                 bias_down3 = array(bias)
>
>                 ppslon3    = array(ppslon)
>
>                 ppslat3    = array(ppslat)
>
>             elif ind > 8:
>                 bias_down3 = concatenate((bias_down3,bias),0)
>                 ppslon3    = concatenate((ppslon3,ppslon),0)
>                 ppslat3    = concatenate((ppslat3,ppslat),0)
>
> bias_a   = concatenate((bias_down1,bias_down2),1) # joining the arrays
> side by side
> bias_all = concatenate((bias_a,bias_down3),1)
>
> ppslat_a   = concatenate((ppslat1,ppslat2),1)
> ppslat_all = concatenate((ppslat_a,ppslat3),1)
>
> ppslon_a   = concatenate((ppslon1,ppslon2),1)
> ppslon_all = concatenate((ppslon_a,ppslon3),1)
>
> print 'Max lat', max(max(ppslat_all)), '\t','Min lat',
> min(min(ppslat_all))
> print 'Max lon', max(max(ppslon_all)), '\t','Min lon',
> min(min(ppslon_all))
>
> *****************
> Now this works, the array size is correct but the longitude values
> given for max and min are wrong. What is even stranger to me is that
> when I write the array in binary format to a file and read it with
> Matlab, the max and min are correct but when I read it back with python
> the max and min are again incorrect for only the longitude data. I
> saved the max and min for the longitude for each array and then check
> it in the python program and they are correct at the end but the
> max(max(ppslon)) values is incorrect.  Does anyone knows why this is
> so?
> If I was doing something wrong then Matlab would not have returned
> correct values.
>
> Any help is appreciated!
>
> /Sheldon

Sorry, there is a small error when I wrote this part of the program:
should say "ind <= 3"

/sheldon



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Fri Jul 14 00:50:31 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 06:50:31 +0200
Subject: Cool Ebooks Site
In-Reply-To: <1152827615.517571.185550@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152827615.517571.185550@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b72297$0$6677$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

bigskipster at gmail.com wrote:
> Submit your comments because I need them!
[loads of SPAM deleted]

As I infer from the type of your posting, what you *want* is a good placement
in Google, but what you really *need* is a good lawyer.

Stefan


From kadeko at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 02:25:59 2006
From: kadeko at gmail.com (looping)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 23:25:59 -0700
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
Message-ID: <1153290359.386410.125370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Michael J. Fromberger wrote:
>
> Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked
> (**) above?
>

You have to call super in each method __init__, if you don't, the call
chain break before the end:

class A (object):
    def __init__(self):
        super(A, self).__init__()
        print "cons A"

class B (object):
    def __init__(self):
        super(B, self).__init__()
        print "cons B"

class C (A):
    def __init__(self):
        super(C, self).__init__()
        print "cons C"

class D (B):
    def __init__(self):
        super(D, self).__init__()
        print "cons D"

class E (C, D):
    def __init__(self):
        super(E, self).__init__()  # calls C constructor
        print "cons E"



From heikki at osafoundation.org  Wed Jul  5 22:29:20 2006
From: heikki at osafoundation.org (Heikki Toivonen)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 19:29:20 -0700
Subject: ANN: M2Crypto 0.16
Message-ID: <IP-dnXGkAsgP6DHZnZ2dnUVZ_tGdnZ2d@comcast.com>

I am happy to announce the M2Crypto 0.16 release.

Highlights:
- All known memory leaks fixed
- All known regressions fixed
- Added --openssl option to setup.py which can be used to specify
  where OpenSSL is installed, by Matt Rodriguez
- ECDSA signatures and ECDH key agreement, requires OpenSSL 0.9.8+,
  by Arno Bakker
- Added sha224, sha256, sha384 and sha512, by Larry Bugbee
- Added serialNumber, SN, surname, GN and givenName fields to X509_Name,
  by Martin Paljak
- And various other improvements and bugfixes, see CHANGES file

Requirements:
  * Python 2.3 or newer
  * OpenSSL 0.9.7 or newer
    o Some optional new features will require OpenSSL 0.9.8 or newer
  * SWIG 1.3.24 or newer

Get it while it's hot from M2Crypto homepage:
http://wiki.osafoundation.org/bin/view/Projects/MeTooCrypto

-- 
  Heikki Toivonen


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 17:26:42 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:26:42 -0700
Subject: for loop question
In-Reply-To: <1152219707.588393.108120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0f1901c6a142$e108c680$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

'ppreaciate the answers!!!!

duh...

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Daniel Haus
Sent: Thursday, July 06, 2006 2:02 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: for loop question


just do:

for a in range(2, foo+1):
    print a

range(a, b) gives [a, a+1, a+2, ..., b-2, b-1]


bruce schrieb:

> hi..
>
> basic foor/loop question..
>
> i can do:
>
>  for a in foo
>   print a
>
> if i want to do something like
>   for a, 2, foo
>     print foo
>
> where go from 2, to foo..
>
> i can't figure out how to accomplish this...
>
> can someone point me to how/where this is demonstrated...
>
> found plenty of google for for/loop.. just not this issue..
> 
> thanks
> 
> -bruce

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From bayazee at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 13:24:32 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 10:24:32 -0700
Subject: Python for modem App
Message-ID: <1152552272.897783.278020@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

hi
i want to write a program with python that can listen to modem and
accept a dial in connection then i can play a sound or send voice to
caller & can assess user enterd keys ....
how i can send a voice format via modem that caller can hear it .. !?



From andrew at nospam.com  Thu Jul  6 23:49:28 2006
From: andrew at nospam.com (Andrew R)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 23:49:28 -0400
Subject: Solution for XML-RPC over a proxy
Message-ID: <e8klal$vpa$1@nntp.aioe.org>

All,

I couldn't get my xml-rpc script to work via a corporate proxy.

I noticed a few posts asking about this, and a very good helper script by jjk on
starship. That script didn't work for me, and I think its a little old -- but it
was very helpful to figure it out.

The below script is a replacement/update to the earlier work. It is runnable as
a test or usable as a module. Tests pass from behind and away from a proxy, on
win32 and Linux i686, with Python 2.4.1.

Comments welcome.

Regards
Andrew

--- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8
#!/bin/env python
"""urllib2-based transport class for xmlrpclib.py (with test code).

Written from scratch but inspired by xmlrpc_urllib_transport.py
file from http://starship.python.net/crew/jjkunce/ by jjk.

A. Ellerton 2006-07-06

Testing with Python 2.4 on Windows and Linux, with/without a corporate
proxy in place.

****************************
*** USE AT YOUR OWN RISK ***
****************************
"""

import xmlrpclib

class ProxyTransport(xmlrpclib.Transport):
	"""Provides an XMl-RPC transport routing via a http proxy.
	
	This is done by using urllib2, which in turn uses the environment
	varable http_proxy and whatever else it is built to use (e.g. the
	windows	registry).
	
	NOTE: the environment variable http_proxy should be set correctly.
	See checkProxySetting() below.
	
	Written from scratch but inspired by xmlrpc_urllib_transport.py
	file from http://starship.python.net/crew/jjkunce/ by jjk.
	
	A. Ellerton 2006-07-06
	"""

	def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose):
		import urllib2
		self.verbose=verbose
		url='http://'+host+handler
		if self.verbose: "ProxyTransport URL: [%s]"%url

		request = urllib2.Request(url)
		request.add_data(request_body)
		# Note: 'Host' and 'Content-Length' are added automatically
		request.add_header("User-Agent", self.user_agent)
		request.add_header("Content-Type", "text/xml") # Important

		proxy_handler=urllib2.ProxyHandler()
		opener=urllib2.build_opener(proxy_handler)
		f=opener.open(request)
		return(self.parse_response(f))


def checkProxySetting():
	"""If the variable 'http_proxy' is set, it will most likely be in one
	of these forms (not real host/ports):
	
		  proxyhost:8080
		  http://proxyhost:8080
	
	urlllib2 seems to require it to have 'http;//" at the start.
	This routine does that, and returns the transport for xmlrpc.
	"""
	import os, re
	try:
		http_proxy=os.environ['http_proxy']
	except KeyError:
		return
	
	# ensure the proxy has the 'http://' at the start
	#
	match = re.match("(http://)?([-_\.A-Za-z]+):(\d+)", http_proxy)
	if not match: raise Exception("Proxy format not recognised: [%s]" % http_proxy)
	os.environ['http_proxy'] = "http://%s:%s" % (match.group(2), match.group(3))
	#print "Determined proxy: %s" % os.environ['http_proxy']
	return


def test():
	import sys, os
	
	def nextArg():
		try: return sys.argv.pop(1)
		except: return None

	checkProxySetting()
	
	url=nextArg() or "http://betty.userland.com"
	api=nextArg() or "examples.getStateName(32)" # "examples.getStateList([1,2])"
	try:
		server=xmlrpclib.Server(url, transport=ProxyTransport())
		print "Url: %s" % url
		
		try: print "Proxy: %s" % os.environ['http_proxy']
		except KeyError: print "Proxy: (Apparently none)"
		
		print "API: %s" % api
		r = eval("server.%s"%api)
		print "Result: ", r
		
	except xmlrpclib.ProtocolError, e:
		print "Connection error: %s" % e
	except xmlrpclib.Fault, e:
		print "Error: %s" % e

if __name__=='__main__':
	# run with no parameters for basic test case.
	test()
--- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8 --- >8



From iddw at hotmail.com  Mon Jul 17 15:35:17 2006
From: iddw at hotmail.com (Dave Hansen)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:35:17 -0500
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ogpnb2dlehi6ks5fqjrh9oil7fs09vsqtv@4ax.com>

On Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:09:32 +0100 in comp.lang.python, "Simon
Brunning" <simon at brunningonline.net> wrote:

[...]
>
>lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>while lst:
>    lst.pop()
>
>Or even just:
>
>lst = []
>

 del lst[:]

is probably closer to what the OP wants...

Regards,
                                        -=Dave

-- 
Change is inevitable, progress is not.


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 04:50:39 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:50:39 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8357.1153379782.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8357.1153379782.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153385439.334751.35080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> [...]
> >
> > I don't know it's your code not mine.
> >
> > class Robust(object):
> >
> > 	def __init__(self):
> > 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> > 		# corrupt the whole event system.
> > 		self.__is_active = True
> >
> > 	def get_is_active(self):
> > 		return self.__is_active
> >
> > 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> > editable")
> >
> Let's ignore changes of state for the moment. The mystical difference
> that makes read access via
>
>    some_robust.buffer_is_active()
>

buffer_is_active is not a method, it's a property. So:

some_robust.buffer_is_active

is appropriate.

> acceptable and
>
>    some_robust.__is_active
>
> somehow dangerous (ignoring the fact that name_mangling will take place)
> is what?
>

We can't ignore name mangling. That's an illegal statement in Python.
So it is less dangerous.

> > 	def monitor_events(self):
> > 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> > 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> > 		return
> >
> I'm sure nobody would argue that if close synchronization between
> multiple attributes is required then write accessors are a bad idea. But
> using them unnecessarily just makes your code heavier, slower and less
> easy to maintain.
>

Ah, I broke my own rule. That method is supposed to be private too.
Meaning no one can change the state of the object except the object
itself. The code is below

    def __monitor_event(self):
        # Perform whatever needs to be done to change state
        return

__monitor_event is not supposed to be a write accessor. My point was
show how you can change the state of an object internally without
needing external access to it. Since some people are surprisingly
claiming it is not possible.

> > See! I'm controlling access. Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> > change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> > down 27000 lines of code to do it. Also a naive third party won't crash
> > my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily. Because in the real
> > world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> > among other forms of ridicule. And your supposed solution to my problem
> > is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active." Ha! And if
> > you can't figure out why anyone would do this, then I'm not wasting my
> > time here anymore. Someday you'll learn the hard way.
> >
> It's way too late. My comments *are* based on engineering experience.
> One day you may realise that unnecessary complexity is a far bigger time
> waster than any imagined problems of direct attribute access. I suspect
> that if you are getting complaints if the nature you describe it's just
> because your software isn't that good.
>

And mine are based on future engineering predictions? Okay, one day I
shall see the light.

> > Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
> >
> > Bye
> >
> Really? Promise? I fear we are arguing from different premises.
>

Yes, we are. We have been since about the 5th post on this thread if
you haven't noticed.



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 00:02:55 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 30 Jun 2006 21:02:55 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
Message-ID: <005901c69cc3$3d1fae40$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

never used perl, but i have an issue trying to resolve some html that
appears to be "dirty/malformed" regarding the overall structure. in
researching validators, i came across the beautifulsoup app and wanted to
know if anybody could give me pros/cons of the app as it relates to any of
the other validation apps...

the issue i'm facing involves parsing some websites, so i'm trying to
extract information based on the DOM/XPath functions.. i'm using perl to
handle the extraction....

thanks

-bruce
bedouglas at earthlink.net



From http  Fri Jul 21 14:19:48 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 11:19:48 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch> <44c11139$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <7xr70erfaz.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
> To be more convincing... assume the algorithm is optimal and calls

That assumption is not even slightly realistic.  Real-world sorting
algorithms almost never do a precisely minimal amount of comparison.


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 04:43:30 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:43:30 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Boris Borcic wrote:
> does
>
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>
> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
> with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?
>
> - BB
> --
> "On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"

Someone has already said this, but I'm not sure we can ignore exactly
what algorithm we are using. With that in mind, I'll just arbitrarily
choose an algorithm to use for analysis. I know you want something that
works in N*log(N) where N is the length of the list, but I'm going to
ignore that and consider selection sort for the sake of a "more solid
argument".

In that case, you would NOT achieve a "uniform" distribution. I quote
that because I'm going to make up a definition, which I hope
corresponds to the official one ;). To me, uniform will mean if we look
at any position in the list, element e has 1/N chance of being there.

Let e be the element which was in the first position to begin with.
What are its chances of being there after being "sorted"? Well, in
order for it to still be there, it would have to survive N rounds of
selection. In each selection, it has 1/2 chance of surviving. That
means its total chance of survival is 1/(2**N), which is much less than
1/N. QED!

***

After writting that down, I thought of an argument for an N*log(N)
algorithm, which would cause the resulting list to be uniformly random:
tournament sort (I think this is also called binary tree sort). How
many rounds does an element have to win in order to come out on top? A
number which approaches log2(N). This is like before, except this
element doesn't have to survive as many rounds; therefore, it's total
chance of coming out on top is 1/(2**log2(N)) ==  1/N. Hoorah!

***

After considering that, I realized that even if your idea to shuffle a
list did work (can't tell because I don't know how Python's sort
works), it would not be an optimal way to shuffle a list even though
Python uses an N*log(N) sort (at least I hope so :P). This is because
you can shuffle in time proportional the the length of the list.

You can accomplish this by doing what I will call "random selection".
It would be like linear selection, except you wouldn't bother checking
the head against every other element. When you want to figure out what
to put at the head, just pick at random! I suspect this is what Python
does in random.shuffle, since it is rather an easy to see it would
result in something uniform (I swear I haven't looked at the source
code for random.shuffle :P).



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 16:04:44 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 13:04:44 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <44c27f5d$0$19026$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c09536$0$14330$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153596630.775936.224130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c27f5d$0$19026$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153598684.779984.264260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> danielx a ?crit :
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>danielx wrote:
> >>
> >>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>danielx wrote:
> >>>>
> >>
> >>(snip)
> >>
> >>>>>Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> >>>>>learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> >>>>>virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> >>>>>(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> >>>>>interactive Python.
> >>>>
> >>>>...and source code...
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>*shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
> >>
> >>Compared to machine language, Python source code is really abstration.
> >>
> > And machine language is an abstraction of pushing electrons around
> > circuits. I'm not sure I see your point, unless it is simply that
> > Python is easier than asm.
>
> Python is very hi-level, and very often well-written Python code is it's
> own better documentation.

Yes, Python is very easy to read, but who's supposed to be reading it?
Maintainers or users? I'm really against code acting as its own
documentation. Of course the code is authoritative, but should we
really EXPECT it to serve as a reference to users??

Appearantly, this view puts me in the minority...



From http  Mon Jul  3 04:53:04 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:53:04 GMT
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
References: <mailman.7711.1151884576.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xac7rpa8g.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1151916350.528858.96880@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xr713t6hb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com" <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> writes:
> And a "view" of the dictionary is orders faster than creating a copy of
> it (which is required to keep k0 from changing in your example).  If
> you're LUCKY, copying a dictionary is O(n), 

There are ways to do it so you don't have to copy, but the dict would
then no longer be a straightforward hash table.


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sun Jul 30 19:13:56 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 18:13:56 -0500
Subject: Small problem with print and comma
In-Reply-To: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CD3D34.2020208@tim.thechases.com>

> I have a small problem with my function: printList. I use print with a
> ',' . Somehow the last digit of the last number isn't printed. I wonder
> why.

Posting actual code might help...the code you sent has a horrible 
mix of tabs and spaces.   You've also got some craziness in your 
"creating random list" string.  First off, it looks like you're 
using a docstring, but they only go immediately after the def 
line.  I'd recommend putting it where it belongs, or changing the 
line to a comment.

There are some unpythonic bits in here:

printList() would usually just idiomatically be written as

	print ' '.join(a)

although there are some int-to-string problems with that, so it 
would be written as something like

	print ' '.join([str(x) for x in listOfNumbers])

which is efficient, and avoids the possibility of off-by-one 
errors when range(0,length).

Another idiom would be the list-building of createRandomList:

return [random.randrange(100) for x in xrange(0,length)]

Additionally, this can be reduced as range/xrange assume 0 as the 
default starting point

return [random.randrange(100) for x in xrange(length)]

(using xrange also avoids building an unneeded list, just to 
throw it away)

Additionally, rather than rolling your own bubble-sort, you can 
just make use of a list's sort() method:

a.sort()

Other items include sensibly naming your parameters rather than 
generically calling them "param", just to reassign them to 
another name inside.

Taking my suggestions into consideration, your original program 
condenses to

########################################

import random

def createRandomList(length):
     return [random.randrange(100) for x in xrange(length)]

def printList(listOfNumbers):
     print ' '.join([str(x) for x in listOfNumbers])

if __name__ == "__main__":
     length = 10
     a = createRandomList(length)
     printList(a)
     a.sort()
     print "sorted list"
     printList(a)

########################################

one might even change createRandomList to allow a little more 
flexibility:

def createRandomList(length, maximum=100):
     return [random.randrange(maximum) for x in xrange(length)]


So it can be called as you already do, or you can specify the 
maximum as well with

	createRandomList(10, 42)

for future use when 100 doesn't cut it for you in all cases.

Just a few thoughts.

-tkc






From barry at python.org  Wed Jul  5 19:33:52 2006
From: barry at python.org (Barry Warsaw)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 19:33:52 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>
Message-ID: <0163A9DF-2CEB-48BE-B301-B9F760E14A50@python.org>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Jul 4, 2006, at 5:33 PM, Brad Knowles wrote:

> Don't ignore non-Python solutions.

My main problem with non-Python solutions /as a default for Mailman/  
is that it complicates distribution and packaging.  It means that  
we'll have additional dependencies we can't satisfy ourselves, e.g.  
on other interpreters or on compilers.  At least with a pure Python  
solution, we can package up a distutils thingie and be pretty much  
assured that it's going to work out of the box.

We should certainly do everything we can to make sure that Richard's  
ht:dig solution is nearly trivial to integrate, but I'm not sure we  
should distribute it with Mailman.

- -Barry

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From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 23 01:09:42 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 07:09:42 +0200
Subject: getaddrinfo not found on SCO OpenServer 5.0.5
In-Reply-To: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c30496$0$10152$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

edcdave at gmail.com wrote:
> 1) I've seen mention of native vs. Python getaddrinfo implementations.
> If that's true, how can I force the program to use the Python one?
> 
> 2) Is there an option to not use the BSD Library function?
> 
> 3) Finally, is there a trick to searching for shared libaries?

There is an autoconf test to determine whether getaddrinfo is
available on the system. You should study that test to find out
why it thinks the function is available when it is actually not.
If you can't do that, you can manually edit pyconfig.h to
change the outcome of configure.

Regards,
Martin


From vito.detullio at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 02:07:33 2006
From: vito.detullio at gmail.com (ZeD)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 06:07:33 GMT
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b273b8$0$14337$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <FeHsg.35559$zy5.710848@twister1.libero.it>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
>> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
>> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
>> an unreliable and tedious search and replace
> find and grep are usually mostly reliable for this kind of tasks.

you mean sed :)

sed 's/oldName/newName/g' oldFile > newFile

-- 
Under construction


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 03:51:58 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:51:58 GMT
Subject: Google Earth contact? (OT, sort of...)
References: <mailman.8280.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns98045A2EA1E8Aduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Bell, Kevin wrote:

> Sorry if this is an off topic shot in the dark, but...
> 
> Does anyone know a contact for anyone that works for Google Earth?  I
> wanted to shoot 'em an email about a possible enhancement, but they're
> smart enough to not leave contact info ANYWHERE on their websites.
> 
How about posting to http://groups.google.co.uk/group/google-earth ?




From pipehappy at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 23:28:37 2006
From: pipehappy at gmail.com (pipehappy)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 20:28:37 -0700
Subject: about Python types and objects
Message-ID: <1153020517.696469.218590@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi everyone:

I have read the booth python types and objects.  I think its book for
clearificating types and objects in python.  It says there will be a
book named python attributes and methods.  Do you know any information
about this book.  I am interested in it.

Thanks



From lennox at 163.com  Tue Jul 25 06:11:56 2006
From: lennox at 163.com (Pan Xingzhi)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 18:11:56 +0800
Subject: dicts vs classes
In-Reply-To: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea4qp4$93d$1@news.yaako.com>

dict is already a class....why another?

Guyon Mor?e wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I'm using simple classes as a container of named values and I'm
> instantiating a lot of them in a very short time.
> 
> i was wondering if there is any benefit in using dicts instead from a
> performance/memory usage point of view?
> 
> regards,
> 
> Guyon Mor?e
> http://gumuz.looze.net
> 


From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul  9 18:02:25 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:02:25 +0200
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8rud9$9vj$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

Tim Golden wrote:
> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>> I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but 
>> as I would like to know the history of past file operations from 
>> within a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was 
>> into it already and is so kind to share here his experience.
>>
>> I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000 
>> or XP it is not possible to track file events as:
>>
>> - updating/modifying of an existing file/directory   
>> - deleting an existing file/directory
>> - creating a new file/directory
>> - _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the 
>> event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)
>>
>> Any hints towards enlightenment?
>>
>> Claudio Grondi
> 
> 
> On the offchance that you haven't seen it, you might
> look at this:
> 
> http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges 
> 
> 
> but since it doesn't fulfil your criterion of *not*
> representing renames by a delete and an add, it may
> well not be suitable. Apart from that, I think it does
> what you want.
> 
> TJG

It seems, that it will be necessary to use some logic based on the 
sequence of events to exactly detect rename and move changes done to 
files/directories, but in principle it is the best approach I know about 
yet.

Thank you!

By the way:
   Is there something similar/same available for Linux?

Claudio Grondi


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 13 08:48:36 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 12:48:36 GMT
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b62149$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152790354.646776.148800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebcg93.d4p.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-13, mystilleef <mystilleef at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> What do you hope ? Something that cures cancer ? Please enlighten us and
>> explain how explicit getters/setters would have solved the problem of
>> badly named getters/setters ?
>>
> I did already. If I had used Java, Eiffel, Smalltalk or C++, I would
> have easily changed tmp to temporary_buffer without having search and
> replace or grep 27000 lines of code. The point of accessors in those
> languages is encapsulation. Which means I can change any detail of
> implementation, yes including names of attributes, without breaking
> code.

Well the impression we have is that should you used Jave, Eiffel, ...
You would not only have had an attribute tmp but would have had
accessores like getTmp and setTmp.

Now if you find tmp do be a bad name, it seems this would
imply that getTmp and setTmp are equally bad names. So if you
are using Java, Eiffel, ... and you want to get rid of the
bad names, it seems you have to search and replave 27000 lines
of code. You will just be replacing getTmp into getTemporary_buffer
and setTmp into setTemporary_buffer instead of just tmp into
temporary_buffer.

You seem to argue that all you had to do was change the attribute
tmp and then only needed to change the code of the class. But
what we are wondering about is why you would find tmp such a bad
name that you want to change it all over the program but
would be willing to leave names like getTmp setTmp.

So why is tmp bad in code like:

  obj.tmp = f()

But is setTmp ok in code like:

  obj.setTmp(f())

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 09:25:11 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:25:11 +1000
Subject: array alice of [:-0] ??
In-Reply-To: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44bce136$1@news.eftel.com>

On 18/07/2006 11:17 PM, guthrie wrote:
> Beginner question! :-)
> 
> x=[1,2,3,4]
> for i in range(len(x)):
>    print x[:-i]
> 
>  >>> []
>  >>> [1,2,3]
>  >>> [1,2]
>  >>> [1]
> 
> 1) The x[:-0] result seems inconsistent to me;
>     I get the idea that -0=0, so it is taken as x[:0] -> []
> 2) how then should one do this basic left-recursive subsetting (easily).
> 
>

|>> for i in range(len(x), -1, -1):
...     print x[:i]
...
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3]
[1, 2]
[1]
[]


From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 23:08:04 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 20:08:04 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhx188.1j5p1xr1l00bmbN%aleax@mac.com>

Terry Hancock <hancock at anansispaceworks.com> wrote:
   ...
> Although, I confess to ignorance on what a "snark" is or whether

http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13


Alex


From http  Wed Jul 26 12:46:59 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:46:59 -0700
Subject: list problem
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xu0549uv0.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> writes:
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
> 
> the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> so lets say the second list contains the following
> 
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']

I think you meant list2 for the second one.  So:


    import re

    list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
    list2 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']

    def num(s):
       # get the number out of one of the strings 
       # (throw exception if no number is there)
       digits = re.search('\d+$', s)
       return int(digits.group(0))

    def get_lowest_unused(list1, list2):
       prev = 0
       for n in sorted(set(map(num,list1+list2))):
           if n != prev+1:
              return prev+1
           prev = n

    print get_lowest_unused(list1, list2)

You could do all this with iterators and save a little memory, but
that's more confusing.


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 13:34:01 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:34:01 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bpvsaa2vm84a0@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153244041.018502.222380@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
>
> It's unclear what you're referring to as "the range".

The notion of something describing a range of values which can be
expanded to a list or, of relevance here, whose boundaries can be
tested efficiently.

> Perhaps you're thinking of a slice?  Somethign like
>
>   if  (0:10000).contains(x):

Did you mean...?

(0:10000) # SyntaxError
slice(0, 10000).contains(x) # AttributeError
3 in slice(0, 10000) # TypeError

Something like this might suffice if slice could have a __contains__
method or if people thought of slices as natural things to test
against. Perhaps we could ask the original questioner why they chose to
use range in such a way - it might indicate a background in languages
which encourage the construction of ranges and their use in comparisons
- although being told to RTFM may have scared them off.

Paul



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 13:27:30 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:27:30 +0200
Subject: activestate vs enpython
In-Reply-To: <e98jnv$cvh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
References: <e98jnv$cvh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <e98k63$bdl$1@sea.gmane.org>

mclaugb wrote:

> does anyone know if the activestate distribution has all of the numpy, 
> numarray, matplotlib, scipy, and scientific python?  their website does not 
> say what it includes.

http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePython/more_information.plex

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 06:27:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:27:10 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44aceac2$0$22055$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44ae36ff$0$1608$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-06, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> 
>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>>On 2006-07-05, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>>>>It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
>>>>>>>between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.
>>>>
>>>>>AP> The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
>>>>>AP> rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
>>>>>AP> side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
>>>>>AP> local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
>>>>>AP> if will also search the outerscopes for the name.
>>
>>Now it's pretty clear you *don't* understand.
>>
>>In the second case, ie:
>>
>>k = [0]
>>def f(i):
>>  k[0] += i
>>
>>'k[0]' is *not* a name. The name is 'k'. If we rewrite this snippet
>>without all the syntactic sugar, we get something like:
>>
>>k = [0]
>>def f(i):
>>  k.__setitem_(0, k.__getitem__(0) + i)
>>
>>Now where do you see any rebinding here ?
> 
> 
> What point do you want to make? As far as I can see, I
> didn't write anything that implied I expected k to
> be rebound in code like

Please re-read your own writing above.

> 
>   k[0] += i
> 
> So why are you trying so hard to show me this?
> 

I was just expecting to be of any help, but it seems you just *refuse*
to understand.

>>>>No. It will always use the same search order.
>>>
>>>
>>>So if I understand you correctly in code like:
>>>
>>>  c.d = a
>>>  b = a
>>>
>>>All three names 
>>
>>which ones ?
>>
>>
>>>are searched for in all scopes between the local en global
>>>one. 
>>
>>In this example, we're at the top level, so the local scope is the
>>global scope. I assert what you meant was:
> 
> 
> I'm sorry I should have been more clear. I meant it to be 
> a piece of function code.
> 
> 
>>c = something
>>a = something_else
>>
>>def somefunc():
>>  c.d = a
>>  b = a
>>
>>(NB : following observations will refer to this code)
>>
>>
>>>That is what I understand with your statement that [python] always
>>>uses the same search order.
>>
>>yes.
>>
>>
>>>My impression was that python will search for c and a in the total current
>>>namespace
>>
>>what is "the total current namespace" ?
>>

I still wait your explanation on this...

>>>but will not for b.
>>
>>b is bound in the local namespace, so there's no need to look for it in
>>enclosing namespaces.
> 
> 
> Now could you clarify please. First you agree with the statement that python
> always uses the same search order,

Yes : local namespace, then enclosing namespaces.

> then you state here there is no need
> to look for b because it is bound to local namespace. 

Yes. b being bound in the local namespace, it's found in the local
namespace, so lookup stops here. Pretty simple.

> That seems to
> imply that the search order for b is different.

cf above.


> AFAIR my original statement was that the search for b was different than
> the search for a;

And it's plain wrong, as anyone taking a few minutes reading the doc and
doing some tests would know.

> meaning that the search for b was limited to the local
> scope and this could be determined from just viewing a line like "b = a"
> within a function. The search for a (or c in a line like: "c.d = a")
> is not limited to the local scope. 

Please repeat after me :
1/ binding in the local namespace makes the name local
2/ search order is local namespace first, then enclosing namespaces.

> I may see some interpretation where you may say that the search order
> for b is the same as for a and c

There's nothing to "interpret" here.

> but I still am not comfortable with
> it.

Too bad for you. But whether you are "comfortable" with reality is none
of my concern.

> 
>>>>But a variable that is bound
>>>>inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
>>>>the local namespace.
>>>
>>> 
>>>Aren't we now talking about implementation details?
>>
>>Certainly not. Namespaces and names lookup rules are fundamental parts
>>of the Python language.
> 
> 
> I don't see the contradiction. 

So go and get yourself some glasses.

> That Namespaces and names lookup are
> fundamentel parts of the Python language, doesn't mean that 
> the right behaviour

define "right behaviour" ?

> can't be implemented in multiple ways

I don't give a damn about how it's implemented.

> and
> doesn't contradict that a specific explanation depend on a specific
> implementation instead of just on language definition.
> 

This is totally meaningless.

>>>Sure the compilor
>>>can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
>>>so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
>>>decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
>>>the scopes higher up.
>>
>>binding creates a name in the current namespace. b is bound in the local
>>namespace, so b is local. period.
>  
> I wrote nothing that contradicts that.

I give up. You're a crank.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 12:29:55 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 09:29:55 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152894595.615576.89100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> The real problems with the Py3k list seem to be associated with a number
> of people who, despite having had little apparent connection to the
> language until now, have joined the list and started making
> inappropriate suggestions, which then have to be (patiently) rejected.

Steve,

What does a 'connection to the language' mean? Does it mean 'using' it
for years or 'being involved in its actual development' for years?  It
seems that sometimes a newcomer can actually bring in a fresh idea.
What new users think and what bothers them is actually important. The
reason Python became so popular is because it attracted so many new
users. If anyone has a reasonable suggestion, let them post it to this
group, see what the reaction is,  then let them write a proposal in the
right format using all the procedures and all.  Looking forward to
Python 3000 this is the time to do it. Rejections do take time but they
will just have to happen, out of 10 rejected maybe there will be one
good proposal that will make Python a little better.

-Nick V.

Steve Holden wrote:
> bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> > Kay Schluehr:
> >
> >>there is nothing really new or interesting or challenging.
> >>Micro-optimizations and shape lifting.
> >
> >
> > I see. Maybe Python is becoming a commodity used by more than 10e6
> > persons, so changellenges aren't much fit anymore.
> > Guido has tried to avoid the problems of Perl6, making Py3.0 a
> > improvement and not a revolution. The good thing is that we'll probably
> > see a beta version in 14-18 months. Py3.0 from being like fantasy is
> > become something close, this is a good thing.
> > I may ask you what you would like to see in Py3.0, but remember that
> > your answer may become ignored by the developers.
> >
> The real problems with the Py3k list seem to be associated with a number
> of people who, despite having had little apparent connection to the
> language until now, have joined the list and started making
> inappropriate suggestions, which then have to be (patiently) rejected.
>
> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
> Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 14:07:16 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 18:07:16 GMT
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
References: <Svxpg.192$iW2.179@trnddc03> <7x8xndqmhs.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <oRypg.205$iW2.15@trnddc03>

Thx


"Paul Rubin" <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> wrote in message
news:7x8xndqmhs.fsf at ruckus.brouhaha.com...
> "LittlePython" <LittlePython at lost.com> writes:
> > I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
> > example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
> > authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great as
I am
> > a "baby python" who is very green with threading..
>
> Why don't you look in the Python Cookbook, either the paper edition
> (O'Reilly) or the online one (aspn.activestate.com).




From ondekoza at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 05:29:23 2006
From: ondekoza at gmail.com (ondekoza)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 02:29:23 -0700
Subject: How to use ParseTuple with unknown number of args?
Message-ID: <1153214963.322746.28940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am embedding python in a large application, written in C. To allow
access to
the internals of the app, I embedded python as recommended by the
`extending and embedding'-document on python.org. Most functions that
are now callable from python have fixed number of args and are easy
to parse with ParseTuple.

Now I want to be able to add a function to add array data and I cannot
figure out
how this is done.

The resulting python script should look like this.

import embedded_module as em
em.mysimplecall(5)
em.anothersimplecall(4.5)
d=[1,2,3,4,5]
em.arraycall(d)
d.append(99)
em.arraycall(d)

The C-program should be able to retrieve the array, regardless of its
length.
I suspect it must be done using "O" or "O!", but I cannot find any
examples.

Yours
Stefan Schroeder (Ondekoza)



From http  Sat Jul 15 20:00:17 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 17:00:17 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<rj0oo3-5i7.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <7x3bd21kry.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird) writes:
> Yes and no.  Python could thrive for the next decade while
> utterly surrendering the small-and-embedded domain to Forth,
> Lua, Tcl, Scheme, and so on, so, no, there's no *need* for a
> TinyPython.  On the other hand, yes, there are at least several
> of us with an interest and occasional opportunities for Python
> in such applications. 

I think we should see what happens with PyPy, which might be easier to
target at embedded platforms than CPython is.  Main thing needed would
be a static compiler--I haven't followed PyPy enough to know if it
relies on having Psyco at runtime.


From adonis at DELETETHISTEXTearthlink.net  Thu Jul 13 23:52:10 2006
From: adonis at DELETETHISTEXTearthlink.net (Adonis)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 03:52:10 GMT
Subject: Configuring IDLE on Linux
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8151.1152847615.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8151.1152847615.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <KxEtg.8284$cd3.7423@newsread3.news.pas.earthlink.net>

Satya Kiran wrote:
> Hello,
> I have upgraded to Python2.4 on my Red Hat 9.0 Linux box.
> I want to work with IDLE and ran a search to check it's presence.
> Here is what I get.
> 
> [root at localhost bin]# find / -iname idlelib
> /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
> 
> [root at localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
> [root at localhost idlelib]# python PyShell.py
> ** IDLE can't import Tkinter.  Your Python may not be configured for Tk. **
> 
> How do I resolve this and get IDLE working?
> 
> thanks in advance,
> Kiran Satya

You must have the Tk libraries present in your system for Python to 
compile Tkinter. Go to your distribution's site and try to see if they 
offer a TCL/TK package and install it (being that it is Redhat they most 
definitely must have one). Then recompile Python.

Hope this helps.

Adonis


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul  3 04:32:05 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 10:32:05 +0200
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a8d607$0$12746$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

. wrote:
> What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?

Please define "fast".

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Tue Jul 18 13:18:08 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:18:08 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <OM7vg.29227$uy3.13575@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<aLXug.11420$5B3.4643@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<OM7vg.29227$uy3.13575@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <kJ8vg.2656$q97.1718@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Darren New wrote:
> David Hopwood wrote:
> 
[...]
>> Apparently, Hermes (at least the version of it described in that paper)
>> essentially forgets that is_last has been initialized at the top of the
>> loop, and so when it does the merge, it is merging 'not necessarily
>> initialized' with 'initialized'.
> 
> No, it's not that it "forgets". It's that the "insert line into inputs"
> unitializes "line". Hence, "line" is only conditionally set at the
> bottom of the loop, so it's only conditionally set at the top of the loop.
> 
>> This sounds like a pretty easy thing to fix to me (and maybe it was fixed
>> later, since there are other papers on Hermes' typestate checking that I
>> haven't read yet).
> 
> You simply misunderstand the "insert line into inputs" semantics.

Yes, you're right, I did misunderstand this.

> Had that line actually been commented out in the Hermes code, the loop would
> have compiled without a problem.
> 
> That said, in my experience, finding this sort of typestate error
> invariably led me to writing clearer code.
> 
> boolean found_ending = false;
> while (!found_ending) {
>   string line = getString();
>   if (line.charAt(0) == 'q')
>     found_ending = true;
>   else
>     insert line into inputs;
> }
> 
> It seems that's much clearer to me than the contorted version presented
> as the example. If you want it to work like the Java code, where you can
> still access the "line" variable after the loop, the rearrangement is
> trivial and transparent as well.

I agree.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 22:05:12 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:05:12 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> >
> > Philippe Martin wrote:
> >> John Machin wrote:
> >>
> >> > Have you considered asking on a newsgroup where your problem might
> >> > actually be on-topic, like:
> >> >     comp.lang.c
> >>
> >> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.
> >>
> >
> > This is comp.lang.python, not comp.algorithms
> >
> > Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?
>
>
> I must disagree on that one: There are many threads on this site where
> people just have fun talking algorithm. I'm not an algo. expert and I know
> there are many here.

Get this through your head: some time in the last 25 years someone will
have made some general-purpose functions for doing the elementary
32-bit operations with a C compiler that offers no more than 16 bit
arithmetic, and published the C source code. Go find it.

>
>
> > Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?
> I am not but I do not see what that brings to the discussion:

Readers may actually know something about the device and/or compiler!!

> but if you
> wish ==>
>
> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made by
> epson

1. You still haven't *NAMED* the CPU and the compiler!!

2. Do you mean ARM as in "Acorn/Advanced RISC Machines"?? They make
8-bit CPUs????

3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
that is your input??????



From felix.steffenhagen at gmx.de  Fri Jul 21 05:54:21 2006
From: felix.steffenhagen at gmx.de (Felix Steffenhagen)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:54:21 +0200
Subject: pyqt scrollview layout
Message-ID: <e9q88e$ubp$1@news01.versatel.de>

Hello,

I have a problem with updating contents in a qscrollview.
I've implementented two widgets (PremiseInput and PremiseList).
You can find the source code under
http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~steffenh/premiseinput.{html|py} and
http://www.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~steffenh/premiselist.{html|py}

The PremiseInput is a widget containing two QLineEdit's and a QComboBox.
This widget should be showed in the PremiseList widget, where I want
the functionality to dynamically add new PremiseInputs and the widths
of them should be adjusted to the width of the QScrollView, contained
in the PremiseList.
And there is my problem.

The PremiseInput has a sizeHint of 333. When I show the standard PremiseList,
the viewport of the scrollview has this size. But when I resize the PremiseList
widget to a lower or higher width and add a new PremiseInput, the size is
adjusted to the sizeHint and I'm not able to resize the QScrollView content
which is too small for larger window sizes and to high for smaller ones.

My resizeEvent method works, so that widget resizes also resize the QScrollView
and its content, but when I want to add the same functionality to the
addPremise() method, nothing happens.

Does anyone know where the problem lies and perhaps has a solution for me?

regards,
Felix


From danb_83 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 23:09:00 2006
From: danb_83 at yahoo.com (Dan Bishop)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:09:00 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <44bc4e9d$0$3669$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc4e9d$0$3669$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>
Message-ID: <1153192140.306047.275790@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Leif K-Brooks wrote:
> Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> > or is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
> > be as fast?
>
> You could use xrange:
>
> leif at ubuntu:~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "1 in range(10000)"
> 10000 loops, best of 3: 260 usec per loop
> leif at ubuntu:~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "1 in xrange(10000)"
> 10000 loops, best of 3: 0.664 usec per loop

That's only because you're choosing a number that's early in the list.

~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "1 in xrange(10000)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 1.22 usec per loop
~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "9999 in xrange(10000)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 1.24 msec per loop

That's *milliseconds*, not microseconds.



From timr at probo.com  Sat Jul 29 00:07:12 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 04:07:12 GMT
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>

Vincent Delporte <justask at acme.com> wrote:
>
>BTW, what is the advantage of running a CherryPy/Django server instead
>of the regular way of code in pages? Improved performance because the
>Python interpreter is already up and running?

Exactly.  The Python interpreter can take a significant fraction of a
second to start.  For the typical short web request, the overhead can add
up.

On the other hand, unless you're handling dozens of requests per minute,
users are unlikely to notice.

You can also keep session state in memory instead of spilling to disk, and
you can keep database sessions open.
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From srijit at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  1 10:30:46 2006
From: srijit at yahoo.com (Srijit Kumar Bhadra)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 07:30:46 -0700
Subject: lxml and SimpleXMLWriter
Message-ID: <1151764246.070975.39580@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

I am new to lxml. I am interested to know the equivalent code using
lxml (http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/lxml/1.1alpha). The code is
taken from http://effbot.org/zone/xml-writer.htm

from elementtree.SimpleXMLWriter import XMLWriter
import sys

w = XMLWriter(sys.stdout)

html = w.start("html")

w.start("head")
w.element("title", "my document")
w.element("meta", name="generator", value="my application 1.0")
w.end()

w.start("body")
w.element("h1", "this is a heading")
w.element("p", "this is a paragraph")

w.start("p")
w.data("this is ")
w.element("b", "bold")
w.data(" and ")
w.element("i", "italic")
w.data(".")
w.end("p")

w.close(html)

Best Regards,
Srijit



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 21:40:11 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 18:40:11 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bd817f$0$17267$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd817f$0$17267$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153273211.925635.8980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Carl Banks a ?crit :
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>There are less risk of a typo with "if a:" than with "if len(a) > 0".
> >
> >
> > So, it's more important to protect against typos than subtle bugs?
> >
>
> People making smart points are really annoying... !-)
>
> wrt/ to the "subtle bug" point, MHO is that a better solution could be
> to have iterators/generators implement __nonzero__ the same way numpy
> arrays do. It may not be a very strong argument, but I actually like the
> fact that empty sequences eval to false just like numeric zeros and None...

Well, I certainly can agree with that, except for the last point. :)  I
certainly wouldn't want to keep that unfortunate behavior around just I
have something to use as an argument using len to test emptiness.


Carl Banks



From ziga.seilnacht at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 15:55:02 2006
From: ziga.seilnacht at gmail.com (Ziga Seilnacht)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:55:02 -0700
Subject: .dll and .pyd
References: <1153922651.185366.225430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153943702.026374.39080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com wrote:
> Please, confirm me one thing. According to Python documentation for
> Windows the objects .pyd and .dll have the same characteristics. I
> observed that in Python24 it does not produce errors when importing
> xx.dll or xx.pyd, however in python25b2, it only accepts nto import
> xx.pyd.
> Best regards.

Yes, this is intentional, see this bug report:
www.python.org/sf/1472566

Ziga



From http  Sun Jul 23 23:49:40 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 20:49:40 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

MyInfoStation at gmail.com writes:
> But I am still surprised because the default Random package in Python
> can generate so few discrete random distritbuions, while it can
> generate quite a few continuous distribution, including some not very
> common one.

It looks pretty simple to transform the uniform distribution to the
geometric distribution.  The formula for its cdf is pretty simple:

  cdf(p,n) = (1-p)**(n-1)*p

For fixed p, if the cdf is c, we get (unless I made an error),

   n = log(c, 1-p) - 1

So choose a uniform point c in the unit interval, run it through that
formula, and round up to the nearest integer.

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_distribution
for more about the distribution.


From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 17:01:01 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:01:01 -0000
Subject: No need to close file?
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebqf6b.63c.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <12bqj0d58j6fle6@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:
> T enlightened us with:
>> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
>>
>> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>>   print line
>
> Nope, it'll get closed automatically when the file object gets garbage
> collected.

Which might not happen until the program exits.  So, for small
programs, you don't have to close it.  Same as C or any other
language.

For large or longrunning programs that open lots of files, it's
generally recommended that you close files when you're done
with them.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I am NOT a nut....
                                  at               
                               visi.com            


From madpython at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:24:03 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:24:03 -0700
Subject: Very practical question
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<frapa2hf33quo4pdftti5963v8at3iaem2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152195843.746269.70260@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thank you all for your comments. They are priceless beyond any doubt.
As for the matter of the discussion it took me only a minute looking at
the code to realize that with Tkinter I pass "master" reference to
every widget and therefore I can access every method in the class
hierarchy. I'm a fool that I haven't noticed it earlier.



From grebekel at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:38:41 2006
From: grebekel at gmail.com (grebekel at gmail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:38:41 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

The two primary differences between using def and using lambda is that
lambda is limited to a single expression and def cannot be used within
another function.

Basically, use lambda when you need to define a small function within
another function. I've also used it to create 'shortcut' functions as:

bar = lambda a, b: object1.object2.function1( a ).function2( b )
foo = bar( somevalue1, somevalue2 )

It can save you a lot of typing if used wisely, and makes your code
smaller and neater too :)

On a real world example:

import random
roll_die = lambda sides=6: random.choice( range(1,sides+1) )
# roll dies with 4, 6, and 20 sides
print roll_die(4), roll_die(), roll_die(20)


Have fun with your lambdas.

greb

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> Hey there,
> i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> books.
> 
> thanks for any clarity
> 
> sk



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 31 13:18:10 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:18:10 -0700
Subject: running an app as user "foo"
Message-ID: <044201c6b4c5$4cf269b0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi.

within python, what's the best way to automatically spawn an app as a given
user/group.

i'm testing an app, and i'm going to need to assign the app to a given
user/group, as well as assign it certain access rights/modes (rwx) i then
want to copy the test app to a given dir, and then spawn a process to run
the app..

thanks




From duncanm255 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 09:08:32 2006
From: duncanm255 at hotmail.com (D)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 06:08:32 -0700
Subject: Editing File
Message-ID: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I currently have a Python app with a Tkinter GUI frontend that I
use for system administration.  Everytime it launches, it reads a text
file which contains info about each host I wish to monitor - each field
(such as IP, hostname, etc.) is delimited by !!.  Now, I want to be
able to edit host information from within the GUI - what would  be the
best way to go about this?  Basically I just need to either edit the
original host line, or write a new host line and delete the
original..thanks!



From stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk  Fri Jul  7 05:43:23 2006
From: stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk (meridian)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 02:43:23 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <44ad68aa$0$20880$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152191316.228972.54190@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ad68aa$0$20880$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152265403.501728.51310@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Bruno. Not only do you give solutions to my problem but also
throw in great MVC tutorials too.
You're a gent.

I'm using
controller -> A CherryPy app
views -> Cheetah Templating for the html & data
model -> mostly SQLite DB using pysqlite
also Config

It's only a desk-web app for single-user, so no concurrency issues.
However, taking on board your advice to avoid globals, I've now
realised that the info that I need to retain between pages can simply
be session information (for the only user) that can be initialised at
startup from the config.
So I'm looking at just storing it all in the cherrypy.session ram vs
using python globals.
Thanks again & Regards
Steve



From jer2peter3 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 13:54:02 2006
From: jer2peter3 at yahoo.com (jeremy smith)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:54:02 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Python for Palm OS?
Message-ID: <20060728175402.66446.qmail@web54401.mail.yahoo.com>

anyone know of a python for palm application pippy is not downloading right
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From belred at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 01:29:56 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:29:56 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org>

Steven Bethard wrote:

> The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you write 
> a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are 
> implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any 
> iterable and only need to be defined once::
> 
>      def list(iterable):
>          result = []
>          for item in iterable:
>              result.append(item)
>          return result
> 
>      def sorted(iterable):
>          result = list(iterable)
>          result.sort()
>          return result
> 
>      def join(iterable):
>          # this is more efficient in C, where the string's buffer can be
>          # pre-allocated before iterating through the loop.
>          result = ''
>          for item in iterable:
>              result += item
>          return result
> 
> Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once, 
> and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that 
> you invent tomorrow.
> 
> If everything were methods, when you invented your container object 
> tomorrow, you'd have to reimplement these methods on your class. (Or 
> we'd have to introduce a Container class to provide them, and everyone 
> would have to inherit from that if they wanted to define a container.)
> 

could you get the same result by putting these methods in base class object that 
everything subclasses?  then you wouldn't have to reimplement these methods on 
your class either, right?  i'm not arguing for one method or the other.  just 
curious about the difference.

bryan



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Fri Jul 28 02:27:17 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:27:17 +0200
Subject: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
References: <1154055565.502991.252710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.06.27.16.298283@gmx.net>

In <1154055565.502991.252710 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
OriginalBrownster wrote:

> I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework
> to use python to power my application.
> 
> [?]
> 
> my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I
> want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they
> want to save that file?.

Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory.  So that's not
your business.

After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for
instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that
archive to the user.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch




From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 16:47:23 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:47:23 +0200
Subject: New release of Diet Python (0.2 Beta)!!!
In-Reply-To: <1154032841.861144.298180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<eab690$rsa$1@news.albasani.net>
	<1154032841.861144.298180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eab8mh$uce$1@news.albasani.net>

The Eternal Squire wrote:
> A developer's installation of PSF, including Pywin, WxPython, Numpy,
> Scipy I believe can run up to 300 MB, no?
> 
> Otherwise, I'll put up a different percentage.

Well, if you refer to a Python installation including all these packages
(anyway, I don't think it would be so large) you should not call that "PSF
Python". The Python Windows installer available from python.org is around 10,
the source distribution around 8 MB.

Georg


From stuart at bmsi.com  Tue Jul 25 13:24:11 2006
From: stuart at bmsi.com (Stuart D. Gathman)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:24:11 -0400
Subject: smtplib timeout
References: <pan.2006.07.25.16.00.17.955935@bmsi.com>
	<1153844500.213011.254160@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.17.24.10.736073@bmsi.com>

On Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:21:40 -0700, Alan Kennedy wrote:

> [Stuart D. Gathman]
>> I need to set a timelimit for the operation of
>> smtplib.sendmail.  It has to be thread based, because pymilter uses
>> libmilter which is thread based.
> 
> Have you tried setting a default socket timeout, which applies to all
> socket operations?

Does this apply to all threads, is it inherited when creating threads, or
does each thread need to specify it separately?

-- 
	      Stuart D. Gathman <stuart at bmsi.com>
Business Management Systems Inc.  Phone: 703 591-0911 Fax: 703 591-6154
"Confutatis maledictis, flamis acribus addictis" - background song for
a Microsoft sponsored "Where do you want to go from here?" commercial.



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:19:08 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:19:08 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8597.1153960691.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com> <44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com>
	<1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8597.1153960691.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154020748.343564.200250@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Well, I guess I'm thinking of an event driven mechanism, kinda like
> setting up signal handlers.  I don't necessarily know how it works under
> the hood, but I don't poll for a signal.  I setup a handler, when the
> signal comes, if it comes, the handler gets thrown into action.  That's
> what I'd be interesting in doing with threads.

Note that you see many of the same problems with signal handlers
(including only being able to call reentrant functions from them).

Most advanced Unix programming books say you should treat signal
handlers in a manner similar to what people are advocating for remote
thread stoppage in this thread: unless you're doing something trivial,
your signal handler should just set a global variable.  Then your
process can check that variable in the main loop and take more complex
action if it's set.



From kevin at dotsyntax.com  Mon Jul 24 23:30:43 2006
From: kevin at dotsyntax.com (Kevin Watters)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 03:30:43 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <loom.20060725T052944-823@post.gmane.org>

See:

http://redhanded.hobix.com/inspect/monkeypytching.html

Shouldn't be done unless you have a really cool reason for doing so.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 12:45:07 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:45:07 +0200
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e98hml$3ac$1@sea.gmane.org>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:

> This attitude may have some downsides. The Python developers don't know
> everything, other people can have some experience of computer languages
> too.

"some experience of computer languages" != "experience of language 
design and implementation"

as long as most of the traffic on py3k is bikeshed stuff and hyper- 
generalizations, most people who do hard stuff will spend their time 
elsewhere.

</F>



From luismgz at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 20:45:06 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 17:45:06 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <op.tccf3xttb770y8@sketchy.ppgrp.ca>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<op.tccf3xttb770y8@sketchy.ppgrp.ca>
Message-ID: <1152319506.250931.54540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Markus Wankus wrote:
> On Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:41:36 -0400, Luis M. Gonz?lez <luismgz at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> .
> .
> > OK, so I should include the global only if I plan to modify it.
> > Otherwise, I don't need to include it. Am I right?
> >
>
> Correct.  Globals are always available to read from.  You need to declare
> them if you want to modify them in another scope.  Like nate, I also tend
> to declare them all the time if I am going to use them, just for clarity.
> 
> M.

Thank you guys!
Luis



From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Fri Jul 28 18:38:30 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 00:38:30 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607290038.30611.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

> > I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> > appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> > deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
> >
> > What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> > IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> >
> > Thank you.

> If you plant to deploy on Unix/Linux, why develop on Windows?
Because it's worth it. And faster. Read below.

> just do 'apt-get install <my_new_ide>' (for
> Debian based distros like Debian and Ubuntu that is) and your new IDE
> will appear in the Programming menu.
Nah I prefer to search half an hour on google, download an exe-installer
for which I'll never see what it does or contain, double clic on it to launch 
installation procedure, clic 15 times on "ok" and I'm done.
On the other hand aptitude is the worst thing ever for dependencies and
that kind of stuff.

Best Regards,
Rob


From JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid  Tue Jul  4 02:42:12 2006
From: JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid (JohnJohnUSA)
Date: 04 Jul 2006 06:42:12 GMT
Subject: How to specify default directory for saving files in IDLE
Message-ID: <44aa0dc4$0$17944$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>

I am using Python IDLE 2.4.3 on Windows XP. I use File->New Window
to create a new program. In the Save As dialog, it always takes me to
the python program directory (where python is installed). Since this
is not where I want to save my source file, I have to select the
directory I want.

Is there a way that I can have python always bring up the Save As
dialog pointing to the directory of my choice?  In other words, I
would like to specify what I want the default directory for saving
files to be.

In addition, is there a way to get IDLE to add the extension .py to
the file name in the Save As dialog without my having to type it each
time?

Thank you in advance for your help!



From eduardo.padoan at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 15:01:41 2006
From: eduardo.padoan at gmail.com (eduardo.padoan at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 12:01:41 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
In-Reply-To: <1152160641.034846.132190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152115118.517322.99460@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152127282.021241.196520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152160641.034846.132190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152212500.942166.122580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


> No, but it is a design point of Dejavu.

> EAssociation -> HasA and HasMany? How is that different from Dejavu's
> UnitAssociation -> ToOne and ToMany?

Hum, I'll give Dejavu and SQLALchemy a better look, with sure. I should
be feeling like this guy now:
http://nerd.newburyportion.com/2005/11/everybodys-got-an-orm



From kingsley at maddogsbreakfast.com.au  Sun Jul 16 20:53:28 2006
From: kingsley at maddogsbreakfast.com.au (Kingsley)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:53:28 +1000
Subject: urllib (in thread) never returns
Message-ID: <44BADF88.1030200@maddogsbreakfast.com.au>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Hi,

I've been having an intermittent problem with urllib.
With an interval of around 15 minutes (i.e.: this is run every 15m)
this code runs fine for about 1-2 weeks, but then gets it's
knickers in a twist, and never seems to return, nor except.

try:
    log("ABOUT TO USE urllib TO FETCH ["+self.url+"]")
    f = urllib.urlopen(self.url)
    temp_xml = f.read()
[1] log("DONE! GOT %d bytes for [%s]" % (len(str(temp_xml)),self.url))
    f.close()
    refreshed = True
except:
[2] log("Error: fetching ["+self.url+"], retrying ... ")
    ...

In the 'broken' state, I never see the log message [1] or [2], it
just sits in either the urlopen() or read() forever.

The code is running in a separate thread.
TCP timeout is set to 45 seconds.
Running on Linux (gentoo)

<complete-guess>
What I think is wrong, is that the server is sitting
behind a somewhat-dodgey ADSL connection.  The server it's
contacting is also on a dodgey ADSL connection.

I'm guessing that the socket is opened with
the ADSL modem is NATing the connection, but when
the backend internet connection bounces, the NAT'ed
connection somehow stays up, leaving the connection
somehow dangling; alive, but dead too...
</complete-guess>

I would have thought that some urllib-internal timeout would
fix this?!

I could watch the thread from another thread, implementing
my own timeout... But then (AFAIK) there's no way to terminate
a mis-behaving thread anyways.

Any suggestions?

thanks,
- -Kingsley
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.4 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org

iD8DBQFEut+ISo2jKyi4JlgRApIdAJ4iIWDLXR9am659XAS1ajLv1ry12wCfeOiI
FUNbrisdyo4j3Yle4zN2ESk=
=EPU2
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----


From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 03:44:31 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 00:44:31 -0700
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
Message-ID: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I am new to python. Sorry if this is too novice question, but I could
not find an answer yet.

While coding a business class library, I think it is preferable to have
one class per source file, rather than combining all classes into one
file, considering multiple developers developing the classes.

So, as per my study of python, a developer using the business class
library has to write so many imports, one per class. Like:

from person import Person
from contact import Contact
.
.
.

Is there not a simple solution, a single import and you are able to use
all the classes? Is there anything wrong in my approcah? Waiting for
suggestions.

Thanks in advance.
Sanjay



From jbellis at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 14:09:39 2006
From: jbellis at gmail.com (Jonathan Ellis)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:09:39 -0700
Subject: pass parameters in SPYCE
In-Reply-To: <1154311872.283266.223790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154311872.283266.223790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154369379.481450.231050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

kepioo wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I started to use the so good spyce server. I manage to do all the
> basics, however, I still block on one problem :
>
> How can I pass parameters to a spy page : example
>
> I have an index page :
>
> link1
> link2
> link3
> link4
>
> I want all theses html links to point to process.spy with the value of
> the link as parameter ( equivalent to call process.spy -link1 ....).
>
> Is this feasible with html links or I have to use forms and replace my
> links with buttons?

You mean, a href=process.spy?link=1 ?

Jonathan



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 23 20:41:35 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:41:35 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
Message-ID: <1153701695.170174.240370@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

W. D. Allen wrote:
> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>
> I have two questions:
>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and
>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?
>
> Thanks,
>
> WDA
> ballensr at adelphia.net


Tkinter is an easy to use GUI that comes with python.  There's a good
online manual, "Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python", at
http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/tkinter.html

HTH,
~Simon



From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 04:34:25 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 01:34:25 -0700
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152520465.204618.320850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Robert Kern wrote:
> Sheldon wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I am trying to build a large array using concatenate function in
> > python.
> > So as I loop over the number of arrays, of which there are 12 (4 down
> > and 3 across), I create 3 long arrays by concatenating them at the
> > bottom and then concatenating them side by side:
>
> [snip]
>
> > print 'Max lat', max(max(ppslat_all)), '\t','Min lat',
> > min(min(ppslat_all))
> > print 'Max lon', max(max(ppslon_all)), '\t','Min lon',
> > min(min(ppslon_all))
> >
> > *****************
> > Now this works, the array size is correct but the longitude values
> > given for max and min are wrong. What is even stranger to me is that
> > when I write the array in binary format to a file and read it with
> > Matlab, the max and min are correct but when I read it back with python
> > the max and min are again incorrect for only the longitude data. I
> > saved the max and min for the longitude for each array and then check
> > it in the python program and they are correct at the end but the
> > max(max(ppslon)) values is incorrect.  Does anyone knows why this is
> > so?
> > If I was doing something wrong then Matlab would not have returned
> > correct values.
>
> Don't use min() and max() on multidimensional arrays. They won't give sensible
> answers.
>
>
> In [11]: a = RA.random([3,5])
>
> In [12]: a
> Out[12]:
> array([[ 0.01721657,  0.64291363,  0.33210659,  0.89887972,  0.24437849],
>         [ 0.88205348,  0.00839329,  0.35999039,  0.9966411 ,  0.54957126],
>         [ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076]])
>
> In [13]: min(a)
> Out[13]: array([ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076])
>
>
> The builtin min() and max() compare the values in the sequence. In this case,
> those values are the rows of the arrays. Numeric uses rich comparisons, so the
> result of a comparison is a boolean array. Numeric also has the convention that
> if any of the elements of an array are considered to be True, then the whole
> array is.
>
>
> In [16]: a[1] < a[2]
> Out[16]: array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0])
>
> In [17]: bool(_)
> Out[17]: True
>
> In [18]: a[2] < a[1]
> Out[18]: array([1, 0, 1, 1, 1])
>
> In [19]: bool(_)
> Out[19]: True
>
>
> This makes min(a) incorrect when len(a.shape) > 1. Instead, use the minimum and
> maximum ufuncs provided with Numeric:
>
>
> In [21]: N.minimum.reduce(a.flat)
> Out[21]: 0.0083932917161983426
>
> In [22]: N.maximum.reduce(a.flat)
> Out[22]: 0.99664110397663608
>
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco

Hi Robert,

Thanks again for showing me this. I have been trying to read up on
reduce() as I have never used it before. I would like to know what it
does. So far my search has found nothing that I can grasp. The
reference library notes are estoteric at best.
Can you enlighten me on this matter?'

/Sheldon



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 12 14:29:00 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:29:00 +0200
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b53f6d$0$29136$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

John Henry wrote:
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
> 
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

Py2.5:

  test = all( logflags )

Py2.4 (although somewhat ugly):

  try:
    test = itertools.ifilterfalse( logflags ).next()
  except StopIteration:
    test = True

otherwise: your above code will do just fine. Note that you can shortcut,
though, if any of the flags evaluates to False:

  test = True
  for x in logflags:
      if not x:
          test = False
          break

Stefan


From ftc at chez.com  Thu Jul 27 06:43:24 2006
From: ftc at chez.com (ftc)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:43:24 +0200
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c8983b$0$25158$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

miker2 at optusnet.com.au a ?crit :
> import MySQLdb
> base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> db="test_py")
> cursor = base.cursor()
> cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")
> 
> this does not work but the interesting thing is, there is an
> AUTO_INCREMENT
> field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
>                                    auto  table
>                                     1    |    90
>                                     2    |    32
> 
> and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> add
> another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
> 
> python entries:
>                        auto    table
>                          1    |    90
>                          2    |    32
>                          6    |    47
> 
> please tell me what i am doing wrong. thanks.


The dbapi2 specification says:
"if the database supports an auto-commit feature, this must be initially 
off"

So you have to do a commit ( base.commit() ) or to enable auto-commit at 
the beginning ( base.autocommit( True ) )


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 05:45:04 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:45:04 +0200
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <1154337225.175831.82810@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154337225.175831.82810@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cdd122$0$17883$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

John Machin wrote:
> Jonathan Bowlas wrote:
>> Hi Listers,
>>
>> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
>> is possible in python?
>>
>> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
>> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
>> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
>> passed as a list.
>>
> 
> Fantastic. If there are 0 checkboxes selected, does it return None?

If no checkbox is selected, then the control is not successful and it's
name should not appear in the request. This is defined in the html spec
 (sections 17.2 and 17.13.2 of html 4.01 spec).


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 13:28:42 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 10:28:42 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
>
> > But what you descrbe is certainly *not* possible in the
> > relational algebra; alas that SQL doesn't hew closer
> > to it. Would you agree?
>
> Yup, SQL (particularly its update semantics) aren't relational semantics.
> Still, it's SQL we've been talking about.
>
>  > Would you also agree that
> > if a language *did* adhere to relation semantics,
> > then relation elements would *not* have identity?
> > (Under such a language, one could not have two
> > equal records, for example.)
>
> Any identity that one could define within relational semantics would be
> just equality, so no, it wouldn't be very helpful (unless as part of a
> greater framework).
> However, that's not really a surprise. Aliasing becomes relevant (even
> observable) only when there's updates, and relational algebra doesn't
> have updates.

Good point. Perhaps I should have said "relational algebra +
variables with assignment." It is interesting to consider
assignment vs. the more restricted update operators: insert,
update, delete. I think I see what you mean about the restricted
update operators working on identity.


> >>> Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
> >>> general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
> >> No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an
> >> alias, it would have to be a reference to something.
> >>
> >> However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly
> >> important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is
> >> essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is
> >> vacuously true.
> >
> > To me, the SQL with the where clause is like i+2, not like a[2].
>
> I'd say WHERE is like [i+2]: neither is valid on its own, it's the
> "selector" part of a reference into a table.

Is it possible you're being distracted by the syntax? WHERE is a
binary operation taking a relation and a filter function. I don't
think of filters as being like array indexing; do they appear
analogous to you? (Always a difficult question because often
times A and B share some qualities and not others, and
what does one call that?)


> > However the situation in SQL strikes me as being different.
> > If one is speaking of base tables, and one has two queries,
> > one has everything one needs to know simply looking at
> > the queries. If views are involved, one must further examine
> > the definition of the view.
>
> Sure. Usually, SQL itself is enough abstract that no additional
> abstraction happens; so even if you have aliasing, you usually know
> about it.
> I.e. when compared to what you were saying about Java: "It is possible
> to have multiple references to a single Java mutable object and
> not know it.", the "and not know it" part is usually missing.

Yes!


> The picture changes as soon as the SQL statements get hidden behind
> layers of abstraction, say result sets and prepared query handles.
>
> ... Um... let me also restate the preconditions for aliasing become a
> problem. You need three elements for that:
> 1) Identities that can be stored in multiple places.
> 2) Updates.
> 3) Abstraction (of updatable entities).
>
> Without identities, there cannot be aliasing.
> Without updates, the operation that makes aliasing problematic is excluded.
> Without abstraction, you may have aliasing but can clearly identify it,
> and don't have a problem.

Aha! That description works very well for me.


> I admit that identity cannot be reliably established in SQL. The
> identity of a record isn't available (unless via OID extensions).
> However, it is there and it can have effect.

Yes, I think I see what you mean now. This is in part a consequence
of the restricted update operators.

Thanks,

Marshall



From pipedreamergrey at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 09:06:53 2006
From: pipedreamergrey at gmail.com (PipedreamerGrey)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 06:06:53 -0700
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
In-Reply-To: <1153933274.585426.267620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153933274.585426.267620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154005613.363739.155740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

No, that doesn't work.  Though, leaving the random snippet about the
"for file in DirectoryWalker("."):" line, it does leave all files the
same value, rather than switching the value for every single file.  The
problem is, the value is shared accross every folder.



From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 12:24:38 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 09:24:38 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154098043.199448.16850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154098043.199448.16850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154103878.043569.309120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Paul Boddie wrote:
> I can only profess familiarity with Pygame which still seems to do more
> or less what it always did, although I haven't kept up with the
> community, but I have recently released a simple game which seems to
> work quite well. By "simple", I mean two-dimensional playing areas,
> pre-recorded soundtracks, retro-style gameplay.

PyGame is great at what it does, which as you say, is usually
retro-style 2D games. It also provides a reasonable way of setting up a
window for input, sound mixing, etc. But its 2D technology is primitive
(eg. DirectDraw 6 on Windows if I remember correctly) and much of the
rest is not very advanced, such as limited support for controllers,
extra mouse buttons, 3D sound, etc. This is more a limitation of SDL
which got neglected in recent years.

Even C++ comes with OpenGL in the standard library. I am disappointed
that this hasn't become the case with Python. I don't even know if
PyOpenGL is compatible with the latest incarnation of NumPy or whether
you have to rebuild it all yourself. It's a bit of a mess really.

> If I were to get into OpenGL, I'd look at stuff like PyQt alongside
> other traditional bindings, mostly because such frameworks - certainly
> Qt, as far as I've seen from various reports - usually incorporate a
> lot of effort resulting from a serious amount of developer attention to
> integrating such technologies and making them work reliably in a number
> of environments.

Does PyQT play well with PyGame? And isn't it more of a windowing
environment?

> > Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
> > own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
> > on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or
> > independent site.
>
> Once upon a time I used to advocate my WebStack framework as a solution
> to this problem situation: WebStack applications run on BaseHTTPServer
> or other monolithic servers (Webware, Twisted, Zope 2, Java Servlet),
> but can also be deployed as CGI or in mod_python environments. The
> apparent response to this advocacy (which was backed up by an actual
> implementation) was that no-one needed such flexibility: an opinion
> somewhat at odds with actual practice if you consider widely-deployed
> applications such as ViewCVS/ViewVC, Trac, MoinMoin, and so on, where
> all of these have provided their own server abstractions at least until
> very recently.

Of course, if you're a developer producing your own framework - as
pretty much everybody on the Web-SIG was - then you're presumably
already aiming at the dedicated hosting space, so it's not surprising
that such flexibility is not held in high regard by those.

> I've said this a few times now, but it's worth repeating: when WSGI was
> proposed as the next great thing in Python Web standardisation (a topic
> in which no-one had any substantial interest until PHP/Ruby were
> considered ahead of Python in certain much-discussed decisions), it was
> formulated in such a way as to stay off the turf already occupied by
> the significant Python frameworks of the time.

This is something I wasn't incredibly happy about, as I felt it meant
that personal egos were being saved at the expense of improving Python.
And I always thought that WSGI was solving the wrong problem. It
certainly didn't go very far towards meeting the expressed goals of the
Web-SIG. Oh well.
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/web-sig/2004-August/000650.html>

-- 
Ben Sizer



From justask at acme.com  Mon Jul 31 12:46:20 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:46:20 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8731.1154352939.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154354727.457387.142840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <3scsc252be3d7a814ogj1ibnud3aothc1l@4ax.com>

On 31 Jul 2006 07:05:27 -0700, "Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:
>Typically you run PHP as a module in your webserver, so there should be
>no process startup overhead. mod_python provides the same sort of
>functionality for Python, but is not as popular or widely installed as
>the PHP Apache module.

So, if mod_python provides the same functionality, it's not the main
reason why Python developers use application servers while PHP users
still program with page codes in /htdocs.

Why do PHP users stick to that old way of things? Because they mostly
use shared hosts, with no way to install their application server?


From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 21:41:07 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 18:41:07 -0700
Subject: Fix for a Tktable bug....
In-Reply-To: <1152652958.571582.187110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152643722.596242.241020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152646302.627855.138120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152652958.571582.187110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152668467.859747.32130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> > jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > > I have a Tktable object (self.table) and when I click on a row the
> > > whole row is selected.
> > >
> > > If I click of a button to get the row contents then
> > >
> > > self.table.curselection() fails with a traceback of:
> > >
> > > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > >   File
> > > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py",
> > > line 1345, in __call__
> > >     return self.func(*args)
> > >   File "/Users/jerry/python/PyPgExplorerUni/Resources/editor.py", line
> > > 159, in deleteRow
> > >     print self.table.curselection()
> > >   File
> > > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> > > line 139, in curselection
> > >     return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
> > >   File
> > > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> > > line 106, in _getCells
> > >     for i in string.split(cellString):
> > >   File
> > > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/string.py",
> > > line 292, in split
> > >     return s.split(sep, maxsplit)
> > > AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split'
> > >
> > > It is my reading that curselection will return the indices of the
> > > selected cells...
> > >
> > > Help,
> > >
> > > Jerry
> >
> > looking into Tktable the curselection function is defined by:
> >
> >     def curselection(self, setValue = None):
> > 		if setValue != None:
> > 			self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection', 'set', setValue)
> > 		else:
> > 			return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
> >
> > looking at getCells we see:
> >
> >     def _getCells(self, cellString):
> >               #JHL
> >               print cellString
> > 		res = []
> > 		for i in string.split(cellString):
> > 			res.append(tuple(map(int, string.split(i, ','))))
> > 		return res
> >
> > When I run my program and select a row the value of cellString is
> >
> >        ('3,0', '3,1', '3,2', '3,3', '3,4', '3,5', '3,6')
> >
> > Which is the correct results...( ie the "fourth" row is selected and
> > there are six
> > columns...
> >
> > Unfortunately the above is *not* a string and hence the "for" statement
> > fails.
> >
> > It is hard to believe that I am the first person to attempt to retrieve
> > a selection
> > from a Tktable object....
> >
> > Am I overlooking something obvious?
> >
> > Jerry
>
> I think I have found a bug in the Tktable.py wrapper.
>
> It appears that if a row is selected in a Tktable (in Python)
> then any attempt to fetch the selection with curselection
> fails when a string operation is performed on a "tuple"
>
> the relevant routines in Tktable.py are:
>
>
>    def curselection(self, setValue = None):
> 		if setValue != None:
> 			self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection', 'set', setValue)
> 		else:
> 			return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
>
> curselection will call _getCells
>
>     def _getCells(self, cellString):
> 		res = []
>                 #JHL
>                 if type(cellString) == type(()) : return cellString
> 		for i in string.split(cellString):
> 			res.append(tuple(map(int, string.split(i, ','))))
> 		return res
>
> I added the "if type( ...." line to prevent the error.
>
> If a table row is selected cellString will look like
>
> ('3,0', '3,1', '3,2', '3,3', '3,4', '3,5', '3,6')
>
> which is of type "tuple" which fails the string.split command ;(
>
> I suspect it is probably best to just short circuit the call to
> _getCells.
>
> The following routine (with the above patch )will correctly retrieve
> the contents
> of a selected row.
>
>    def deleteRow(self):
>         res = self.table.curselection()
>         for index in res :
>             print self.table.get(index)
>
> Tain't clear to me where this should be reported
>
> Jerry

It would not be any fun for my app users if I had to change the
Tktable.py
source all by myself....

Here is another fix that involves calling Tk directly

instead of :
   res = self.table.curselection()

I can do:
  res = self.root.tk.call(self.table,'curselection')

root is the app top level ( self.table works also...)

for a row  the above call will return something like
   ('2,0', '2,1', '2,2', '2,3', '2,4', '2,5', '2,6')

the "co-ordinate" strings in the above tuple can be used
as indices into the table to retreive the selection.


Jerry



From qbonds at nren.nasa.gov  Fri Jul 14 13:28:46 2006
From: qbonds at nren.nasa.gov (Quenton Bonds)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:28:46 -0700
Subject: instances
Message-ID: <44B7D44E.60400@nren.nasa.gov>


Hello
I am trying to understand the abilities and limitation of creating an 
instance.  First I will give you my understanding then please steer me 
in the right direction.

Abiities
1.  The two ways to create an instance is def method(self) & 
__int__(self, other, instances,...)
2.  By creating an instance of a method; the functions of that method 
can be used through out the
   program in a fashion such as self.methodofprogram(parameters)
Limitations
3.  One cannot create an instance of a class.
4.  An instance can only perform functions that are provided from the 
method it was instanced from.

5.  Is there any other key information I am missing.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 06:25:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:25:40 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152783982.293227.100490@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
	<1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61066$0$11777$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152783982.293227.100490@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b61fa5$0$11789$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>>Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
>>>>wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>Maric Michaud wrote:
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>
>>>>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>>>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
>>>>>
>>>>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
>>>>>does that solve my naming issues.
>>>>
>>>>Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
>>>>the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
>>>>references "nearby" in the same module or class.
>>>
>>>Right, but tmp isn't private.
>>
>>Right, but that's your choice. Would you complain about "almost any
>>other language" if you had to hunt a badly named public method thru 27KLOC ?
>>
> 
> Methods are used to perform actions. Data attributes usually aren't. We
> are on different planes.

Please explain the profound *semantic* difference between:

val = obj.getVal()
obj.setVal(val)

and

val = obj.val
pbj.val = val



>>(snip)
>>
>>
>>>>Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
>>>>won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
>>>>the access might become a bit more complex in the future.
>>>>
>>>
>>>Ha! I bet you haven't read too many Python codes.
>>>
>>
>>I have read tens of thousands LOC of Python in the seven past years.
>>Computed attributes came in with 2.2x IIRC, so there's a lot of 'legacy'
>>code that uses getters and setters. Porting this code to a
>>computed-attribute style would break all client code. Having the two
>>schemes coexisting would make for bloated APIs and
>>too-many-ways-to-do-it. So we live with this until Py3K. And none of
>>these considerations contradicts the point that there's no more use for
>>javaish getters/setters in Python, nor that javaish getters/setters are
>>not pythonic.
>>
> 
> I never made any contradictory points regarding the matter. I wanted to
> know the pythonic way of using accessors in Python.

Yes, and you had the answer.

> That's all. You are
> the person making wild assumptions about my queries,
> programming background and code.

Which "wild assumptions" ? I'm only replying to things you post here.

Namely, you wrote this:
"
I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
code files to achieve my goal.
"

As anyone here has tried to explain, this assertion is plain wrong. I
agree that Diez's post (you were responding too) was a bit aggressive,
but that doesn't make your assertion more valid.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From python at rcn.com  Mon Jul 10 11:55:36 2006
From: python at rcn.com (Raymond Hettinger)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:55:36 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <KBB*nIjlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<KBB*nIjlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <1152546936.838481.143420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sion Arrowsmith wrote:
> >>> csv.reader(StringIO.StringIO('a b c "d "" e"'), delimiter=' ').next()
> ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd " e']
> isn't far off.
>
> On the other hand, it's kind of a stupid solution.

IMO, this solution is on the right track.
FWIW, the StringIO wrapper is unnecessary.
Any iterable will do:
     reader(['a b c "d e"'], delimiter=' ')


Raymond



From steven.klass at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 13:21:37 2006
From: steven.klass at gmail.com (rh0dium)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 10:21:37 -0700
Subject: Fork You..  Forking and threading..
Message-ID: <1152120097.590691.202400@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I have a problem with putting a job in the background. Here is my
(ugly) script which I am having problems getting to background.  There
are threads about doing

     python script.py &

and others

     nohup python script.py &

and yet others

     ( python script.py > /dev/null & ) &

Regardless timing these all produce (roughly the same time) and none of
them are backgrounded..  So I attempted to first thread my little
script ( which I think is still needed for optimization purposes ) and
then I forked it.  But it still does not background it..  Here is what
I have..

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# File   pushsync.py
#
#

import logging,traceback,os,sys,paramiko,threading
from RunSSHCmd import RunSSHCmd

# Set's up a basic logger
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(name)s
%(levelname)-8s %(message)s",
                    datefmt='%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S', stream=sys.stderr)

# This little mess identifies (hopefully) the current module name
try:
    module=
os.path.basename(traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[1][0]).split(".py")[0]+"."
except:
    module =
os.path.basename(traceback.extract_stack(limit=2)[0][0]).split(".py")[0]+"."

# Class declarations
class syncer(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self,host,keyfile,passwd):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.log = logging.getLogger(module+self.__class__.__name__)
        self.keyfile = keyfile
        self.passwd = passwd
        self.host= host

    def run(self):
        # Import the key..
        key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(self.keyfile,
password=self.passwd
        agent_keys=[key]

        print "Updating host %s" % self.host
        results = RunSSHCmd( host=self.host, cmd="p4 sync", timeout=10,
keys=agent_keys ).run()
        if results is None:
            log.error("We had a problem..")
        return results


# OK let's get busy
def main(hosts,keyfile, passwd):

    # Fork You!
    #
    if os.fork() == 0:
        os.setsid
        sys.stdout = open("/dev/null", 'w')
        sys.stdin = open("/dev/null", 'r')

        log = logging.getLogger(module+sys._getframe().f_code.co_name )

        for host in hosts:
            log.info("Updating host %s" % host)
            syncer(host,keyfile,passwd).start()

# General run..
if __name__ == '__main__':

    # SSH Keyfile
    KEYFILE=os.environ['HOME'] + '/.ssh/id_dsa'
    PASSWD='YXV0MG1hdDM=\n'

    # Perforce writable hosts
    HOSTS="savoy", "phxlfs03"

    main(HOSTS,KEYFILE,PASSWD)


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now when I run this from the command line it appears to work.  But when
I call it from my other app (perforce) it does not background it.  I
can tell because I expect the command return immediately ( because of
the fork) but it doesn't and seems to take a very long time..

Can someone who's very familiar with this help me out please.



From phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk  Sat Jul 15 04:54:53 2006
From: phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk (Phil Thompson)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 09:54:53 +0100
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
In-Reply-To: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607150954.53545.phil@riverbankcomputing.co.uk>

On Saturday 15 July 2006 9:25 am, adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> Hi there. I've been trying to get PyQT working on W2K, but have not yet
> found a sufficiently detailed walk-through for my somewhat
> command-line-challenged sensibilities. I did find this page:
> http://www.diotavelli.net/PyQtWiki/GPLPyQtWindows , but I'm not sure
> about installing the whole of Visual Studio .NET as a prerequisite. Can
> anyone tell me if the passing of the years has made this process any
> more approachable?

For Qt4 use the binary installer from...

http://www.trolltech.com/developer/downloads/qt/windows

For PyQt4 use the binary installer from...

http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/download.php

Phil


From iapain at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 02:17:01 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 23:17:01 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <3m19b25n7u0luopmbc9fvdeoj3d1os75ug@4ax.com>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<3m19b25n7u0luopmbc9fvdeoj3d1os75ug@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152685021.872293.215260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> 	Do you have an IBM s/370 running VM/CMS? VM was sort of an OS for
> running multiple OSs, so it would be the "restricted environment" <G>

I'm having currently working on OS/2 and Linux platform, I've designed
a web based ide for python and i wish to restrict some commands and
user can only access i.e rwx in his folder.

Best!



From michael at araneidae.co.uk.invalid  Sun Jul  2 17:42:56 2006
From: michael at araneidae.co.uk.invalid (Michael Abbott)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 22:42:56 +0100
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e89930$11f$1@bat-news01.banetele.basefarm.net>
Message-ID: <michael-6583AF.22425502072006@europe.isp.giganews.com>

Ove Pettersen <ove.pettersen at smartcall.no> wrote:
> for server in "server1 server2 server3 .... server100"; do

Two comments:

1.  Leave out the quotes(!)

2.  Either iterate as
   for server in $(seq -fserver%g 100); do
or, probably better
   for server in $(cat server-list); do


From barry at python.org  Wed Jul  5 19:12:45 2006
From: barry at python.org (Barry Warsaw)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 19:12:45 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc2822
In-Reply-To: <44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
	<44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <4F339A71-971D-4209-ADBB-0ED98C6D0A53@python.org>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Jul 5, 2006, at 6:37 PM, emf wrote:

>> I seem to
>> recall this is also Barry's preference who noted the existing  
>> pipermail
>> was only a stop-gap solution so there would be some default archiver,
>> but it was never the intention Mailman would have any extensive
>> archiving implementation.
>
> Like many stop gap solutions, this one is widely used, and represents
> the most visited portion of the "mailman web UI". At a bare  
> minimum, the
> archive pages should provide decent navigation.
>
> The requirement for a default archiver remains, and the solution I
> propose is much more override friendly than the existing one; it
> wouldn't create hundreds of webpages out of the archives, just read  
> out
> of the existing mbox files.

Pipermail was originally a separate project, developed by Andrew  
Kuchling IIRC.  A looonngg time ago it was integrated into Mailman,  
but not in a terribly clean way (e.g. inheritance through cut-and- 
paste).  I don't think Andrew's been interested in Pipermail for years.

My own position on Pipermail and archiving is that Mailman should  
come with a default archiver that is minimally useful for simple  
sites, and that the Python-based Pipermail makes the most sense to  
serve as this default, simplistic archiver.  It keeps packaging,  
dependencies, and deployment very simple.  I'm open to suggestions  
for alternatives though. (Or ideally, some young college student with  
lots of free time to devote unending hours to improving Pipermail, at  
the expense of family, sleep, social life and studies.  That, or get  
Tim Peters interested.)

However, it should be very easy to integrate any other archiver with  
Mailman, and to the extent that current APIs need to be improved, I'm  
all for that.  If you have a pet archiver that requires changes to  
Mailman to work better, please let us know!

Pipermail's lack of a default search feature is its biggest (but by  
no means only) problem.  I'd like to see this addressed, if it can be  
done cleanly, in MM2.2.  I'd favor a Python solution here, for the  
same reasons as above but again, pluggability would be favored over a  
hard coded connection.

Other than that, it's clear that Pipermail's web u/i is so 1995, and  
needs a major overhaul.  For example, just as you'd like Mailman's  
web u/i to be easily integrated into the L&F of a site, so too for  
the Pipermail interface.  The major problem with that though is that  
because Pipermail generates its pages statically, and because of  
various bugs and misfeatures in earlier versions, any regeneration of  
the static pages to a new u/i carries with it a high potential to  
break existing links.  Honestly, I don't think there's any good  
solution to link breakage, so I think the right thing to do is to be  
able to preserve the current u/i and link algorithm unless the new  
one is explicitly enabled.  And if the archives are regenerated with  
a new u/i, we should ensure that the link urls will be much more  
persistent than they currently are, probably based on a guaranteed  
unique Message-ID or other header-based identifier.

- -Barry

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From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul  3 17:13:03 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 21:13:03 -0000
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12aj22vmivkh8de@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-03, thorley at gmail.com <thorley at gmail.com> wrote:

> My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
> socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
> packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.
>
> socket.send, as best I can tell, will only send strings. I've read on
> the list other conversations where the recommendation was to use xdrlib
> or struct. But it appears that is only useful when you control the
> client and the server. PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, but using struct
> just encodes the binary data as a string, right?

Right.  Strings are binary data.

> # Example sending binary data as a string
> s = socket.socket()
> s.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8000))
> packet = struct.pack('4B', 1, 2, 3, 4)
> s.send(packet)
>
> In my understaing the above just sends the string '\x01\x02\x03\x04',
> not raw binary data.

The string '\x01\x02\x03\x04' consists of four octets having
the values 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04.

Are those not the four octets you wanted to send?

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I want EARS! I
                                  at               want two ROUND BLACK
                               visi.com            EARS to make me feel warm
                                                   'n secure!!


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 23:38:14 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 23:38:14 -0400
Subject: suppressing the console in a GUI program
Message-ID: <44cecd53$0$11833$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>

Hi guys. I tried naming my file with a .pyw extension, but the console 
still shows up. Why doesn't this work? And is there another, more 
programmatic way to suppress it?

Thanks.


From studyandtelecom at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 05:50:37 2006
From: studyandtelecom at yahoo.com (studyandtelecom at yahoo.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:50:37 -0700
Subject: Micro-pump is cool idea for future computer chips
Message-ID: <1152784237.006479.66220@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Micro-pump is cool idea for future computer chips

http://www.studyandjobs.com/Micro_pump.html

or visit

http://www.studyandjobs.com/IT_study.htm

Regards



From jkuo22 at yahoo.com.tw  Mon Jul  3 23:02:39 2006
From: jkuo22 at yahoo.com.tw (jkuo22)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 03:02:39 -0000
Subject: simple script - Tkinter question.
Message-ID: <e8clof+t9ek@eGroups.com>

Hi everyone,

Here is my simple Tkinter script:

## start of entry.py
from Tkinter import *
root=Tk()
e1=Entry(root, width=16)
e1.pack()
e2=Entry(root, width=16)
e2.pack()
mainloop()
## end

First, it works on win2k. When I run it as 'python entry.py' on linux,
both 'e1' and 'e2' appear perfectly except I cannot enter any
character in 'e1' entry, but 'e2' entry is ok.

Second, when I run it in python interactive shell LINE BY LINE, then
'e1' and 'e2' entry both can accept user input, no problem! But when I
copy and paste it into interactive shell, then the first situation
happens again.

So..., has anyone ever run into this problem like me? and how do you
fix it? I use python2.3.4 now.
Thank you!






From kent at kentsjohnson.com  Fri Jul 21 06:47:28 2006
From: kent at kentsjohnson.com (Kent Johnson)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 10:47:28 GMT
Subject: Python proficiency test
Message-ID: <4h2wg.31$NX2.28@newsreading01.news.tds.net>

I recently helped create an on-line Python proficiency test. The 
publisher of the test is looking for beta testers to try the test and 
give feedback. If you are interested, here is an announcement from the 
publisher:

 > Brainbench is currently beta testing a new series of test questions
 > for our Python 2.4 test.
 >
 > We are looking for knowledgeable Python 2.4 users.
 >
 > To take the test, simply go to
 > http://www.brainbench.com/xml/bb/common/testcenter/betatests.xml
 > and the rest should be self-explanatory.
 >
 > Any feedback you can provide us on the quality of the questions and
 > the test itself would be greatly appreciated.
 > You will be given the opportunity to provide anonymous feedback on
 > each question as it is administered as well as at the end of the test.
 >
 > We hope that you enjoy the test and look forward to your feedback!
 >
 > Feel free to pass this along to your friends.
 >
 > Thanks in advance for your help and good luck!

Kent


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sun Jul 16 15:02:33 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 00:32:33 +0530
Subject: sys.modules and __main__ obscureness
In-Reply-To: <1153075155.945985.261960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153075155.945985.261960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BA8D49.9020309@tachyontech.net>

Fuzzyman wrote:
> This code behaves differently when entered into an interactive
> interpreter session. When run as a program you will see that module and
> namespace have both become None !!

Thats because the reference count to the current '__main__' module goes
to 0, and the module object gets deleted along with its globals 'module'
and 'namespace'. The code keeps working because the codeobject is
retained by the interpreter.

To make it work, simply retain a reference to the existing module,
before overwriting with the new module.

sys.blahblah = sys.modules['__main__']
sys.modules['__main__'] = module

[sreeram;]

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From bignose+hates-spam at benfinney.id.au  Sun Jul 16 09:18:15 2006
From: bignose+hates-spam at benfinney.id.au (Ben Finney)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 23:18:15 +1000
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
Message-ID: <87d5c57ko8.fsf@benfinney.id.au>

"Boomshiki" <RayLang at gmail.com> writes:

> I don't mean to be the dick who does not support open source, but
> the rent does not pay itself these days.

Non sequitur. The license terms for the software are orthogonal to
whether one charges money for it. Viz the numerous businesses
worldwide happily selling free software and making a profit.

    <URL:http://www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/selling.html>

-- 
 \         "If we don't believe in freedom of expression for people we |
  `\         despise, we don't believe in it at all."  -- Noam Chomsky |
_o__)                                                                  |
Ben Finney



From jo at durchholz.org  Tue Jul 18 06:48:11 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 12:48:11 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153151694.674061.133510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>
	<1153151694.674061.133510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9ieii$mn6$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Chris Smith wrote:
>> Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
>> I *think* I understand Marshall here.  When you are saying "assignment",
>> you mean assignment to values of attributes within tuples of the cell.
>> When Marshall is saying "assignment", he seems to mean assigning a
>> completely new *table* value to a relation; i.e., wiping out the entire
>> contents of the relation and replacing it with a whole new set of
>> tuples.  Your assignment is indeed less powerful than DML, whereas
>> Marshall's assignment is more powerful than DML.
> 
> Exactly.

Ah well. I never meant that kind of assignment.

Besides, all the aliasing possibilities already happen at the field 
level, so it never occurred to me that whole-table assignment might 
enter into the picture.

Regards,
Jo


From gelists at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 18:56:44 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 19:56:44 -0300
Subject: Letting a Python application phone home
References: <fd0b46f40607140626o3e044a8ax928357d606c76ee3@mail.gmail.com>
	<200607151745.16794.nokroeger@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1lwl6f28giegf.9wwcbrqfw2qm.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-15 12:45:16, Nils Oliver Kr?ger wrote:

> This is surely possible. You need to define a protocol for the communication 
> between client and server. As you are planning to send data over the internet 
> you should build it on top of tcp. Look at the python module "socket" resp. 
> "SocketServer" for low level tcp functions.

You may consider using https and html forms for sending your data. The
advantage is that code for the server part is readily available, and a
server often already running on a target server system.

Gerhard



From john.mcginnis at comcast.net  Mon Jul 17 11:35:18 2006
From: john.mcginnis at comcast.net (john.mcginnis at comcast.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:35:18 -0700
Subject: Any pyChart experts lend a hand?
Message-ID: <1153150518.048396.225570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I am attempting to generate some graphics prior to display on a
webpage. I have GhostScript 8.x loaded. And I can from the code below
generate the desired graphic. (it's right out of the /demos, pietest.py
with some mods) Works great. However were I to paste this into the main
flow of my program it fails to gen the graph. Simply no output. I do
not produce any errors at run time. I am assuming that I have some
pathing wrong.

Running on a WinXP box:

Main program is at               : c:\Comp\
Spot for graphic land is at     : c:\Comp\graphic\
pyChart is located at            : C:\Python24\pyChart\
pyChart libraries located at    : C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\pychart
GhostScript located at          : C:\gs\gs8.14\bin

PYTHONPATH  :
c:\Python24;c:\Python24\Kari;c:\Python24\pyChart;C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\pychart;c:\Comp

PATH        :
c:\WINDOWS\system32;c:\WINDOWS\;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;C:\Program
Files\OpenSSH\bin;c:\PHP;C:\Program Files\ATI Technologies\ATI Control
Panel;c:\python24;C:\Python24\pyChart;C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\pychart;C:\OpenSSH\bin;C:\Comp;C:\gs\gs8.14\bin

Anyone see anything that I missed?


Code
----------------------------------------------------
from pychart import *
import sys
theme.get_options()

theme.use_color = True
theme.output_format="png"
theme.output_file="C:\Comp\graphic\pic1.png"
theme.reinitialize()

data = [("foo", 10),("bar", 20), ("baz", 30), ("ao", 40)]

ar = area.T(size=(300,300), legend=legend.T(),
            x_grid_style = None, y_grid_style = None)

plot = pie_plot.T(data=data, arc_offsets=[0,10,0,10],
                  shadow = (2, -2, fill_style.gray50),
                  label_offset = 25,
                  arrow_style = arrow.a3)
ar.add_plot(plot)
ar.draw()



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul  5 13:50:05 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 19:50:05 +0200
Subject: Very practical question
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>

In <1152117913.457095.306480 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>, madpython
wrote:

> I've been doing an application with Tkinter widgets. Nothing really
> fancy just routine stuff. Though I have no problems with it by now I
> guess it would be reasonable to ask about a thing that's been bothering
> me a bit. Look at this piece of code:
> 
> class A(object):
>     def a(self):
>         return "a from A"
> 
> class B(object):
>     def interClassCall(self):
>         print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a()
> 
> class C(object):
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.a=A()
>         self.b=B()
>     def c(self):
>         self.b.interClassCall()
> 
> if __name__=="__main__":
>     c=C()
>     c.c()
> 
> What is another way to get data from method of another instance of a
> class? Or maybe print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a() is perfectly
> normal. I need your professional expertise.

No it's not the normal way.  Why don't you give `c` as argument to the
`interClassCall()`?

class B(object):
    def interClassCall(self, c):
        print c.a.a()

class C(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a=A()
        self.b=B()
    def c(self):
        self.b.interClassCall(self)

Much less magic involved this way.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From lists at videonetwork.org  Tue Jul 25 10:29:13 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:29:13 +0100
Subject: Exercises for dive into python
In-Reply-To: <7afdee2f0607241416m6f181b2btf354e35612b166bd@mail.gmail.com>
References: <1153748196.7439.5.camel@localhost.localdomain>
	<loom.20060724T182806-862@post.gmane.org>
	<1153762710.7439.23.camel@localhost.localdomain>
	<7afdee2f0607241416m6f181b2btf354e35612b166bd@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1153837754.5959.14.camel@localhost.localdomain>

On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 23:16 +0200, Tal Einat wrote:
> 
> 

snip...

>         >
>         >
>         > I recently gave a Python crash-course in my company, and ran
>         into the same 
>         > problem. There are many good Python tutorials, manuals,
>         references etc., most
>         > are accompannied by various code examples, but there are
>         very few exercises. I
>         > had a hard time collecting and inventing a few good
>         exercises, about 12 in all. 
>         >
>         > There are probably some good exercises out there, but they
>         seem to be relatviely
>         > hard to find. Maybe they should be collected and organized
>         at Python.org?
>         
>         That sounds like an exelent idea.  Maybe the way to structure
>         it is my 
>         book/chapter.
>  
> You probably meant "by book/chapter".
>  
> Well, that would be fine, but it's up to whoever wrote "dive into
> Python" to update it.
> I was actually suggesting a central repository for Python exercises,
> all in the public domain, so that they could be used by anyone
> learning or teaching Python (or programming in general).

I don't think this is necessarily the case.  I am fairly sure the
problem is not the people writing books do not have a way of publishing
the excesses, its just they have hot the time or inclination to do so.

what I was suggesting was a wiki type site where exercises could be
worked on collaboratively.  The authors should not have a problem with
this as it would add value to there work and make it more desirable.

Ben

> 
>         >
>         > I think building a large collection of good Python exercises
>         could help both
>         > those teaching Python and those learning it. Also, gathering
>         a set of Python 
>         > exercises for those learning general programming concepts
>         (variables, functions,
>         > object-oriented, etc.) could help spread the use of Python
>         for teaching
>         > programming.

snip...

> 




From gregpinero at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 14:24:17 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:24:17 -0400
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>

Hi guys,

I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
attempted this?

-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:22:07 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:22:07 -0700
Subject: New Martelli Nutshell Out
Message-ID: <1153318927.194435.202940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

My preordered copy of Python In A Nutshell just arrived from Amazon.

http://tinyurl.com/pkczm

Looking forward.

rd



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 10:41:34 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:41:34 +0200
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152793749.585858.218380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b62e06$0$11781$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152793749.585858.218380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b65b9f$0$13530$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>Separating operations on data (model/controler) from GUI code (view).
>>The controler(s) have a reference on the model. The views have a
>>reference on the controler(s), and call on the controller to get data to
>>display or act on data.
> 
> 
> So I instantiate a Model object that handles all IO to the database.

FWIW, you may want to have a look at SQLAlchemy here.

> Next I instantiate a Controller object, passing it a reference to the
> Data/IO model object.

Yes. Note that you can have multiple controllers...

> Next I instantiate the display panel objects for
> the GUI, passing them references to the Controller object.

Yeps. Or the other way round - the gui instanciation can be the resp. of
the controller (which then passes itself to gui), but then this more
strongly ties the controller to a specific GUI and/or can force you into
a more strict controller <-> view protocol to abstract out any GUI
Toolkit specificities...

Now only having done web apps the past years, I may be a bit biased, so
you'd better look for other writings about the MVC stuff. Just note that
what was originaly the main bulk of the "controler" part (ie mapping
mouse and keyboard events to appropriate callbacks) is now mostly done
by the GUI Toolkit itself.

> The Controller object contains the logic for all the transformations I
> want to perform on the data.

Yes. And for data querying as well.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Fri Jul 14 12:08:53 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:08:53 +0200
Subject: imaplib question - answering my own question
In-Reply-To: <44B7A975.5060303@designaproduct.biz>
References: <44B7A232.6030207@designaproduct.biz>
	<44B7A975.5060303@designaproduct.biz>
Message-ID: <44B7C195.7020403@designaproduct.biz>

Laszlo Nagy ?rta:
> Laszlo Nagy ?rta:
>   
>>   Hello,
>>
>> I'm trying to write a very simple program that moves all messages from 
>> INBOX into another folder.
>> I'm not sure what am I doing wrong. This is a very simple task. I 
>> believe I need to call these methods:
>>
>> - search -> get all message UIDs in the INBOX
>> - copy -> copy all messages to another folder
>> - store -> mark all messages in INBOX as deleted
>> - expunge -> delete them physically
>>   
>>     

Here is the solution - code to move all messages from SOURCE_FOLDER to 
DEST_FOLDER



                self.logger.info('Connecting to IMAP server...')
                conn = getnewimapconnection()
                cnt = 0
                try:
                    typ,data = conn.select(local.SOURCE_FOLDER)
                    check_error((typ,data))
                    cnt = int(data[0])
                   
                    if cnt > 0:
                        self.logger.info("Moving %s messages from %s to 
%s",cnt,local.SOURCE_FOLDER,local.DEST_FOLDER)
                       
                        # Get uids for all messages
                        typ,all_messages = conn.uid('SEARCH',None,'ALL')
                        check_error((typ,data))                   
                        uids = all_messages[0].split()
                       
                        # Store all messages into another folder
                        for uid in uids:
                            
check_error(conn.uid('COPY',uid,local.DEST_FOLDER))
                           
                        # Delete all messages from inbox
                        for uid in uids:
                            
check_error(conn.uid('STORE',uid,'+FLAGS.SILENT','(\\Deleted)'))
                        conn.expunge()
                    else:
                        self.logger.info("No new messages in 
%s",local.SOURCE_FOLDER)
                finally:
                    conn.logout()


Here is the connection factory:

class IMAPError(Exception):
    pass

def check_error((typ,data)):
    if (typ != 'OK'):
        raise IMAPError((typ,data))
 
def getnewimapconnection():
    conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL(local.IMAP_HOST)
    check_error(conn.LOGIN(local.IMAP_LOGIN,local.IMAP_PWD))
    return conn


I should still check if the operations can be done in bulk (e.g. for 
many uids at the same time). Is this possible? I don't know.

Best,

   Laszlo



From gelists at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 14:36:37 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:36:37 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <18zilijb7vqau$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-29 13:47:37, Antoon Pardon wrote:

> I think the important thing to remember is that the assignment in Python
> is a alias maker and not a copy maker. In languages like C, Fortran,
> pascal, the assignment makes a copy from what is on the righthand and
> stores that in the variable on the lefthand. In languages like Lisp,
> Smalltalk and Python, the assignment essentially makes the lefthand
> an alias for the righthand.

Yes, I think I got it now :) 

It seems that, in essence, Bruno is right in that Python doesn't really
have variables. Everything that seems variable doesn't really change; what
changes is that an element of what seems to change gets rebound. Which in
itself is a rebinding process of a dictionary... I have yet to go there and
see whether anything at all changes :) 

Gerhard



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 25 13:08:50 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 18:08:50 +0100
Subject: simple question
In-Reply-To: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>
References: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>
Message-ID: <ea5j6v$8i2$1@sea.gmane.org>

Maxine Weill wrote:
> I need to install Python Imaging Library (PIL) - imaging-1.1.5.tar.gz 
> (source ) onto Suse Linux 10.1 system in order for (latest) Scribus 1.3.3.2  
> to install and work.
> 
> Plesae indicate how I perform PIL install (exact commands/procedures)  in 
> manner where files are "automatically" placed in proper directories, etc.
> 

I though that PIL now used the standard setup system. If the package's 
top level directory includes a file called "setup.py" then just run

python setup.py install

and you should be good to go. please note, however, that you should 
really read the README about how to ensure you have support for JPEG and 
zlib.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul  2 01:48:27 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 17:48:27 +1200
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
Message-ID: <ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <44A6DD6E.5000502 at lexicon.net>,
 John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:

>-u unbuffers sys.stdout 
>and sys.stderr (and makes them binary, which wouldn't be a good idea on 
>a Windows box).

Why not?


From jarausch at igpm.rwth-aachen.de  Tue Jul 11 04:14:13 2006
From: jarausch at igpm.rwth-aachen.de (Helmut Jarausch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:14:13 +0200
Subject: How to terminate a main script?
Message-ID: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>

Hi,

I'm still looking for an elegant and clear means to
terminate the main script in Python.

Unfortunately, Python doesn't allow a 'return'
instruction in the main script.

Using sys.exit(0) produces an error
message which looks dangerous to an
uninitiated user.

The same is true for an exception.

And setting a 'flag' and testing
at several place for 'fall through'
is ugly and error-prone.

So what is a good choice?

Many thanks for a hint,

Helmut Jarausch

Lehrstuhl fuer Numerische Mathematik
RWTH - Aachen University
D 52056 Aachen, Germany


From donald.welch at hp.com  Tue Jul 18 16:36:58 2006
From: donald.welch at hp.com (dwelch91)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:36:58 -0700
Subject: Howto Determine mimetype without the file name extension?
In-Reply-To: <1153230805.606595.189140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153230805.606595.189140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bd44f9$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>

Try this:

http://www.demonseed.net/~jp/code/magic.py


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 05:36:48 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:36:48 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1154078933.751030.185040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154078933.751030.185040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154079408.532754.65950@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Ben Sizer wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> > Actually Bruno,  don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
> > Python comes at the expense of "security" is simply due to the fact
> > that the syntax of "screw up" is exactly the same as the syntax of "I
> > mean it this way and I do want it"?
> >
> > Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say "I really want
> > this", it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and
> > a conscious decision).
>
> Surely the very nature of a typo is that you don't know at the time of
> typing that you've done the wrong thing. Therefore it's impossible to
> signal to Python that you don't want what you've actually typed!

Exactly! So what I'm saying is that if the syntax of rebinding a method
*has* to be different then assignment, maybe it'll catch typos more
often. (Of course if you STILL make a typo error while using a
different syntax...)

> The only way statically-typed languages prevent these errors is
> typically by prohibiting the operation entirely. Since Python doesn't
> want to do that, you can't effectively prevent this type of error.
> Luckily, I find that they don't actually arise in practice, and I've
> spent orders of magnitude more time in C++ having to coerce objects
> from one type to another to comply with the static typing than I
> probably ever will spend debugging Python programs where a typo caused
> an error of this type.

Yeah, I fully agree. Even Java is heaven compared to C++.

> 
> -- 
> Ben Sizer



From s99999999s2003 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 04:07:53 2006
From: s99999999s2003 at yahoo.com (s99999999s2003 at yahoo.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 01:07:53 -0700
Subject: switching users in cgi
Message-ID: <1152259673.137802.218870@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hi
i am developing cgi script that read a unix user name and password,
After authentication, i need to switch the environment to that of that
user and display his/her files in her/his home directory. As my web
server runs as nobody , it cannot have access to files in the user's
home. What is a correct way to be able to achieve this?
thanks



From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Fri Jul 14 02:16:59 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 23:16:59 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> It's quite simple, really: You malloc it, you free it.

John - I hope you don't mind that I really want to make sure I
understand your
good wisdom in this area by asking for clarification....

ASSUMPTIONS:

1.  As long as we properly handle the reference counting of PyObjects
then
     memory management is taken care of for us.  (i.e. You don't ever
     use the 'free' command explicitly on a PyObject* but let Python
garbage collector
     do the final freeing.)

2.  All malloc'd stuff in C must be freed with free command.  (Python
garbage
    collector is limited to PyObjects.  It won't free non-Python stuff
for us
    like int arrays, char* strings, etc.)

....

Now it would appear that if you **malloc an array of PyObjects**
(call it FOO[]) then you have an ambiguity....

The PyObject elements will be freed *for us* eventually by garbage
collector.
Hence, we can't ever do 'free(FOO); ' because we don't know when
garbage collector will free FOO[0], FOO[1], FOO[2], etc.

Chris



From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 21 12:04:00 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 18:04:00 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9qtsq$cm6$00$1@news.t-online.com>

T wrote:

> I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
> to an instance of another class:
 
> # Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
> foo = Parse_Option()
> 
> # Class that does the real work
> bar = Processor()
 
> bar.index = foo.options.index
> bar.output  = foo.options.output
> bar.run()
 
> This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
> class to another.  Isn't there a better way???

Not sure if this is better, but you can use OptionParser to set attributes
on arbitrary objects, including your Processor instance:

>>> class Processor(object):
...     def __init__(self):
...             self.verbose = False
...             self.index = 42
...
>>> import optparse
>>> parser = optparse.OptionParser()
>>> parser.add_option("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true")
<Option at 0x40294aac: -v/--verbose>
>>> parser.add_option("-i", "--index", type="int")
<Option at 0x40294a6c: -i/--index>
>>> p = Processor()
>>> parser.parse_args(args=["-i75", "-v"], values=p)
(<__main__.Processor object at 0x40298e0c>, [])
>>> p.verbose, p.index
(True, 75)

Peter


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 14:32:15 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:32:15 -0700
Subject: Idea/request for new python mailing list/newsgroup.
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7911.1152296804.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7911.1152296804.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152297135.266044.281210@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Kenneth McDonald wrote:
> Would a mailing list and newsgroup for "python contributions" be of
> interest? I currently have a module which is built on top of, and is
...
> I'd very much likes a ML/newsgroup wherein potential python contributors
> could
>
> * Post alphas/betas and seek feedback.
> * Request volunteer help to finish a project.
> * Discuss details of implementation (API, useful vs. nonuseful
> functionality, etc.)
> * etc. etc. etc.

Why is this (c.l.p) not that newsgroup?



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 20:19:32 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:19:32 -0700
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153700372.407953.226990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

bugnthecode wrote:
> I'm writing a program to send data over the serial port. I'm using
> pyserial, and I'm on WindowsXP. When I use literals I can get the data
> accross how I want it for example:
>
>                    1     2      3      4     5      6
> serialport.write('!SC'+'\x01'+'\x05'+'\xFA'+'\x00'+'\r')
>
> 1=Get devices attention
> 2=Select channel on device
> 3=Rate for movement
> 4=Low byte of 16 bits
> 5=High bytes of 16 bits
> 6=Carriage return signaling command is over
>
> This command works as desired. Sends the first 3 ASCII characters, then
> some numbers in hex followed by a carriage return.
>
> My problem is that the "write()" function only takes a string, and I
> want to substitute variables for the hex literals.
>
> I know that I can use the "hex()" function and it will return a string
> with the appropriate hex value, and I could combine this with some
> other literals like "\\" to create my desired hex literal, but then I
> would need something to re-parse my string to change my ASCII text into
> the appropriate hex values.

No need. That would be like travelling from Brooklyn to the Bronx via
Walla Walla, WA. And "the appropriate hex values" exist only as ASCII
text, anyway.

The following code (a) is untested (b) assumes each of the 3 numbers
(channel, rate, value) is UNsigned.

channel = 1
rate = 5
value = 0xFA # or value = 250
if HARD_WAY:
    vhi, vlo = divmod(value, 256)
    command = "!SC" + chr(channel) + chr(rate) + chr(vlo) + chr(vhi) +
"\r"
elif MEDIUM_WAY:
    vhi, vlo = divmod(value, 256)
    command = "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (channel, rate, vlo, vhi)
else:
    import struct
    command = "!SC" + struct.pack("<BBH", channel, rate, value) + "\r"
print repr(command) # for debugging, or if you're desperate to see some
hex values :-)
serialport.write(command)

Do check out the manual sections relating to the struct module.

If any value is signed, you definitely want to use the struct module
(with "b" or "h" instead of "B" or "H" of course) instead of mucking
about byte-bashing.

HTH,
John



From fumanchu at amor.org  Fri Jul  7 14:48:30 2006
From: fumanchu at amor.org (fumanchu)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:48:30 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <fv2dnWjtzonHEzPZnZ2dnUVZ_sidnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<rbWdnY8e6_awpTPZnZ2dnUVZ_vadnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<fv2dnWjtzonHEzPZnZ2dnUVZ_sidnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152298110.221206.326750@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Jack wrote:
> I wrote the last posting at late late night and I didn't know what I was
> typing at that time ;-p
>
> I didn't mean the test with CherryPy was not concurrent
> connections, or the test with lighttpd was all concurrent
> connections. I actually tried both concurrent (-c in ab command line)
> and non-concurrent (without -c in ab command line) and I tried
> the threading and threadpooling in CherryPy. The result did not
> vary much.
>
> This article http://www.cherrypy.org/wiki/CherryPySpeed says CherryPy
> can process around 400-500 requests/second. It's set up is:
>
>   Pentium M 1.6, 1G RAM, Windows XP2 laptop, test done with apache 2.0.41
> ab.
>
> I have a slightly better hardware set up:
>
>   Pentium M 1.7MHz, 1.5G RAM on Windows XP2 laptop, test done with Apache
> 2.2 ab
>
> However, I don't get even close. The best I get is around 140
> requests/second. I'm using the same test script as the CherryPy test
> with slight modification just to make it run. As a matter of fact,
> the Cygwin build of lighttpd only gets around 430 requests/second for
> a 2-byte static file. I disabled firewall and antivirus on the box when
> tests were done. Any idea about the huge difference? It would be very
> interesting if some CherryPy (or python) users can post their performance
> benchmarks.

It would be good to know which version of CherryPy you are using. That
wiki page is talking about the CP 2.0 branch; 2.1 and later are quite
different. If you have a later version, try using
cherrypy/test/benchmark.py

Note also that you can use lighttpd as an HTTP server for CherryPy apps
via FCGI/SCGI.


Robert Brewer
System Architect
Amor Ministries
fumanchu at amor.org



From rocky at panix.com  Sat Jul 15 19:34:10 2006
From: rocky at panix.com (R. Bernstein)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 19:34:10 -0400
Subject: automatic debugger?
References: <1151326339.869650.278890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <wihmzba1lzh.fsf@panix3.panix.com>

micklee74 at hotmail.com writes:

> hi
> is there something like an automatic debugger module available in
> python? Say if i enable this auto debugger, it is able to run thru the
> whole python program, print variable values at each point, or print
> calls to functions..etc...just like the pdb module, but now it's
> automatic.
> thanks

pydb (http://bashdb.sourceforge.net) has a linetrace option sort of
like what's done in POSIX shells. 

Here's an example:

#!/usr/bin/python
"""Towers of Hanoi"""
import sys,os

def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
    if n-1 > 0:
       hanoi(n-1, a, c, b) 
    print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
    if n-1 > 0:
       hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 

i_args=len(sys.argv)
if i_args != 1 and i_args != 2:
    print "*** Need number of disks or no parameter"
    sys.exit(1)

n=3

if i_args > 1:
  try: 
    n = int(sys.argv[1])
  except ValueError, msg:
    print "** Expecting an integer, got: %s" % repr(sys.argv[1])
    sys.exit(2)

if n < 1 or n > 100: 
    print "*** number of disks should be between 1 and 100" 
    sys.exit(2)

hanoi(n, "a", "b", "c")


$ pydb --basename --trace hanoi.py
(hanoi.py:2): 
+ """Towers of Hanoi"""
(hanoi.py:3): 
+ import sys,os
(hanoi.py:5): 
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:12): 
+ i_args=len(sys.argv)
(hanoi.py:13): 
+ if i_args != 1 and i_args != 2:
(hanoi.py:17): 
+ n=3
(hanoi.py:19): 
+ if i_args > 1:
(hanoi.py:26): 
+ if n < 1 or n > 100: 
(hanoi.py:30): 
+ hanoi(n, "a", "b", "c")
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:7):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, a, c, b) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:7):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, a, c, b) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk a to b
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk a to c
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk b to c
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk a to b
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:7):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, a, c, b) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk c to a
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk c to b
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
--Call--
(hanoi.py:5):  hanoi
+ def hanoi(n,a,b,c):
(hanoi.py:6):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
(hanoi.py:8):  hanoi
+     print "Move disk %s to %s" % (a, b)
Move disk a to b
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:9):  hanoi
+     if n-1 > 0:
--Return--
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
--Return--
(hanoi.py:10):  hanoi
+        hanoi(n-1, c, b, a) 
--Return--
(hanoi.py:30): 
+ hanoi(n, "a", "b", "c")
--Return--
(<string>:1): 
+  (bdb.py:366):  run
+                 exec cmd in globals, locals


From malahal at us.ibm.com  Fri Jul 28 16:30:07 2006
From: malahal at us.ibm.com (malahal at us.ibm.com)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:30:07 -0700
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
Message-ID: <20060728203007.GA10264@us.ibm.com>

Hi,
    My string is a multi line string that contains "filename
    <filename>\n" and "host <host>\n" entries among other things.

    For example: s = """ filename X
                    host hostname1
                    blah...
                    host hostname2
                    blah...
                    filename Y
                    host hostname3
                    """
Given a host name, I would like to get its filename (The closest
filename reading backwards from the host line). I could read each line
until I hit the host name, but I am looking for an RE that will do job.
The answer should be "Y" for host hostname3 and "X" for either host
hostname1 or hostname2.

Thanks in advance.

--Malahal.


From edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz  Mon Jul 24 19:41:54 2006
From: edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz (Edmond Dantes)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:41:54 -0400
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
References: <mailman.8500.1153778041.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153783957_9033@news-east.n>

Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:

...
> Twisted includes a DNS server which is trivially configurable to perform
> this task.  Take a look.
> 
>   http://twistedmatrix.com/
>   http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/names/documentation/howto/names.html
> 
> Jean-Paul

On a tangential note:

If you want a DNS server to be updatable in real time from a database, then
you want PowerDNS:

http://www.powerdns.com/

I've been using this for quite some time now and it's great to be able to
add zones, etc. just by a new entry or two in the MySQL database.

It can interface to other databases as well. 

-- 
-- Edmond Dantes, CMC
And Now for something Completely Different:
  http://beadwork.SelfMadeDream.com
  http://dealership.anyhottips.com
  http://beanie.hugmykids.com
  http://jockey.AreYouTaken.com
  http://headset.GadgetRUs.com
  http://lighting.desktopgod.com
  http://portfolio.desktopgod.com


 Posted Via Usenet.com Premium Usenet Newsgroup Services
----------------------------------------------------------
    ** SPEED ** RETENTION ** COMPLETION ** ANONYMITY **
----------------------------------------------------------        
                http://www.usenet.com


From chris at kateandchris.net  Mon Jul 24 10:48:11 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:48:11 -0400
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <44c27b63$0$6511$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9secb$drg$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44c27b63$0$6511$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <20060724144811.GA8234@kateandchris.net>

On Sat, Jul 22, 2006 at 09:31:26PM +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
> > In message <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list at python.org>,
> > davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:
> > 
> > 
> >>  b) give up on using an anonymous function and create a named "successor"
> >>  function with "def",
> > 
> > 
> > This is what you have to do.
> 
> Not necessarily.
> 
> map(lambda x, one=1: one + x, range(42))
Note that in Python this particular expression is normally written as:
 a = [x + 1 for x in range(42)]

List comprehension and Generator expressions are generally seen as the
solution to not having to deal with map, and reduce.
> 
> > For some reason mr van Rossum has this aversion
> > to anonymous functions, and tries to cripple them as much as possible.
> 
> For some reasons, including the fact that Python is statement based and 
> have significative indentation, it's actually not trivial to come with a 
> better syntax for lambdas. The horse has been beaten to hell and back, 
> and no one managed to propose anything worth implementing so far. But if 
> you have the solution to this problem, please share...
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From russandheather at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 17:43:37 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:43:37 -0700
Subject: Intermittent "permission denied" errors when using os.rename and
	a recently deleted path??
References: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<blSxg.1247$rP1.203@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
	<1153955364.318217.206840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<EvZxg.1491$rP1.176@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
Message-ID: <1154036617.390304.293020@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

>     Does it actually tell you the target is the problem? I see an
> "OSError: [Errno 17] File exists" for that case, not a permission error.
> A permission error could occur, for example, if GDS has the source open
> or locked when you call os.rename.

No it doesn't tell me the target is the issue... you are of course
right that it could be either.  I did some looking to see if/why GDS
would lock files at any time while scanning but didn't turn up anything
useful so far.  I'd be surprised if it did as that would be one heck of
an annoying design flaw.

Anyway - the retry-on-failure workaround seems to prevent it from
happening, although it still seems very hackish and I don't like it:

      ...
      if os.path.exists(path1): os.remove(path1)
      startTime = time.clock()
      while 1:
        try:
          os.rename(self.path2, self.path1)
          break
        except OSError:
          if (time.clock() - startTime) > MAX_RETRY_DURATION_s:
            raise
          else:
            time.sleep(0)
       ...

It feels very weird to have to verify a simple operation like this, but
if it works it works.

Russ



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul 26 16:01:55 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:01:55 -0700
Subject: binding more than one attribute in a facntion
In-Reply-To: <ea8h4n$7p5$02$2@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<ea8h4n$7p5$02$2@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153944115.264474.306380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/functional

learn lisp/scheme!
http://cs.wwc.edu/KU/PR/Scheme.html


Peter Otten wrote:
> linuxnow at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > I want to have a bound method that "fixes" more than one parmeter of a
> > funtion. LEt me post an example.
> >
> > def f(a, b, c):
> >     return a + b + c
> >
> > I can do:
> > fplus10 = f(10)
> > and then call f with 2 params and it works.
> >
> > But, how can I fix 2 params:
> > fplus10plus20 = f(10,20)
> > ignores the second param.
> >
> > fplus10plus20= fplus10(20)
> > does not work either.
> >
> > Can anybody show what I'm doing wrong?
>
> Bound methods are limited to one implicit parameter. What you need is
> partial function application:
>
> >>> def f(a, b, c):
> ...     return a + b + c
> ...
> >>> def partial(f, *args):
> ...     def g(*more):
> ...             return f(*args+more)
> ...     return g
> ...
> >>> partial(f, 1, 2)(3)
> 6
> >>> partial(f, 1)(2, 3)
> 6
> >>> partial(f)(1, 2, 3)
> 6
> 
> See http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0309/ for more.
> 
> Peter



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:40:18 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:40:18 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
Message-ID: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have a simple form with some input values and some calculated values
in TextCtrl widgets.

What I would like to do is have the display update automaticaly when
the user changes one of the input fields, without having to click on a
'Calculate' button. I was thinking of having an update triggered when
one of the text Controlls loses focus, indicating that the user has
finished changing it's value.

I don't want to do an update on every character entry, as this would
create a lot of bogus/meaningless updates. There doesn't seem to be
such an event. Any ideas how I could implement this, or a similarly
user friendly behaviour?

Best regards,

Simon Hibbs



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Tue Jul 25 12:56:10 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:56:10 -0400
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org><9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com><mailman.8512.1153811209.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7fnbc21742p5kcfis5b9sobtsvvqmmm98v@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <ea5ifb$83p$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Dennis Lee Bieber" <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote in message 
news:7fnbc21742p5kcfis5b9sobtsvvqmmm98v at 4ax.com...
> The names in the parameter list of the "def" statement are bound to
> the objects associated with the actual call. After that, they behave
> very much as locals... Now -- with defaults it gets a touch trickier...

A function's parameters are not just 'very much as locals', they *are* 
locals.
>>> def f(x): print locals()

>>> f(3)
{'x': 3}

In particular, parameters are just those locals that are initialized in the 
call process; it is an error for a parameter name to not become bound to 
some object.  The default objects fill in the slack when there are not 
enough argument objects.

>From the calling side, the arguments are objects to be used in that initial 
binding process, either directly or as part of a new collective object.  It 
is an error for an argument to not be used.  The calling code does not care 
about the parameter names, but just their number and nature.

So one can think of calling as cross-namespace name binding followed by 
control transfer.  Returning is similar except that return objects may 
ignored or bound to slots rather than names.

Terry Jan Reedy





From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 15:52:25 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 19:52:25 GMT
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<D%xpg.170$9a3.118@trnddc07>
	<1151782534.330553.194670@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ZnApg.4566$fv3.2424@trnddc02>

thx,


"Ravi Teja" <webraviteja at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1151782534.330553.194670 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> LittlePython wrote:
> > Does this require a ssh client or server?
> >
> > I use authpf to open up my  PF firewall for internet use. Generally I
just
> > open up putty and make a connection to the FW ( which open the ports)
and
> > minize it till I am done. When I close putty authpf losses the ssh
session
> > heartbeat and will then instruct the FW to close the ports. I would love
to
> > write a simple client to do this form me instead of using putty. Do you
> > think these mods would work for me on a windows platform?
> >
> > Thx
>
> Pexpect needs a POSIX system. However, you can use Cygwin.
>
> >From the website, "Pexpect does not currently work on the standard
> Windows Python (see the pty requirement); however, it seems to work
> fine using Cygwin."
>




From donn at u.washington.edu  Thu Jul 20 12:33:10 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:33:10 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<donn-B03ED8.13452219072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
	<slrnebuddu.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <donn-0D7609.09331020072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <slrnebuddu.6ig.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be>,
 Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
> On 2006-07-19, Donn Cave <donn at u.washington.edu> wrote:
...
> > http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/2de5e1c8384c0360
> >
> > It's lengthy but very readable, and for me it has that quality of
> > exposition where you feel at first reading as though you had
> > already known all that -- even if you really hadn't.
> 
> Well for me it wasn't, I don't agree with it at all.

People sometimes ask, "what does `the exception that proves the rule'
mean?"

   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


From roy at panix.com  Tue Jul 25 13:12:05 2006
From: roy at panix.com (Roy Smith)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 17:12:05 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Don't use __slots__! (was Re: dicts vs classes)
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>
	<ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <ea5jd5$ia8$1@reader2.panix.com>

>Guido sez:
>
>     __slots__ is a terrible hack with nasty, hard-to-fathom side
>     effects that should only be used by programmers at grandmaster and
>     wizard levels. Unfortunately it has gained an enormous undeserved
>     popularity amongst the novices and apprentices, who should know
>     better than to use this magic incantation casually.

But, if they are novices, why should they be expected to know better?

I just re-read http://docs.python.org/ref/slots.html#l2h-217 and don't
see anyplace where it says, "Warning: for use by wizards only".


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 22 18:15:31 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 00:15:31 +0200
Subject: Type signature
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.22.22.15.30.2213@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yacao Wang
wrote:

> However, type signatures are not only a kind of information provided for
> the compiler, but also for the programmer, or more important, for the
> programmer. Without it, we have to "infer" the return type or required
> agument types of a function, and this can't be done without seeing the
> implementation of it,

That's what documentation is meant for.  If you are forced to look at the
implementation, the documentation is bad.

> Haskell can also determine type information dynamically, but it still
> supports and recommends the programming style with type signatures,

Does Haskell really determine the type information dynamically!?  AFAIK
it's done at compile time.

> which makes the code very readable and maitainable. As I understand,
> Python relies too much on run-time type-checking, that is, whenever you
> give the wrong type, you just end up with an exception, which is
> logically correct, but not that useful as type signatures. Any ideas on
> this issue?

Which issue?  ;-)

Just stop thinking in terms of types.  Python is about *behavior*.  If
the docs say `this functions takes an iterable as input` then `iterable`
isn't a specific type but an object that implements the behavior of an
iterable.  You can't check that reliable without actually trying to
iterate over it.  Search for "duck typing".

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul  9 12:05:50 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 16:05:50 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneavvo7.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<b800b21h4vlbhpiqri9didndne4p6dgk49@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrneb2aau.r05.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-08, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 8 Jul 2006 18:52:56 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>
>> 
>> I'm not fooled by that phrase. I just think the mutate vs rebind
>> explanation is not complete.
>> 
>> If we have two statements "a = b" and "c.d = b" the fact that a is being
>> rebound while c is mutated doesn't explain why we allow c to be searched
>> out of the local scope.
>> 
> 	The "search" is not different, per se... It is only after the object
> is found that the difference becomes apparent -- a rebinding changes an
> object's ID, and is not permitted for a non-local UNLESS a "global"
> statement appears before any usage of the name.
>
> 	"c.d =..." has absolutely no effect on the ID of object C; in that
> aspect it is a read-only look-up of "c". IOWs, the same look-up as would
> be used if "c" were on the RHS of the statement.
>
>> be searched in local space so that code like the following would
>> throw: UnboundLocalError: local variable 'c' referenced before assignment
>> 
>> c = SomeObject
>> def f():
>>   c.a = 5
>>
> 	What would you say the behavior should be for:
>
> 	c.a = c.b
> vs
> 	la = c.b
>
> 	The look-up of "c" is the same on both sides of the statement; local
> (not found) then global (found), THEN the operation is applied. On both
> sides "c" is a read-only look-up (that is, no changes to the ID of "c"
> -- no rebinding -- take place).
>
> 	Are you suggesting we need to use "global c" in order to have "c.b"
> on the RHS? By that logic, we would also need "global sys" to reference
> "sys.argv" inside a function definition. Remember -- the modules loaded
> by "import" are just more "SomeObject" samples...

I think you are misunderstanding what I was getting at. This example was
not meant to illustrate how I think python should behave. I thought I
had made that clear.

When someone gets confused over the difference between rebinding or mutating
a variable on an intermediate scope, the explanation he mostly seems to get
boils down to: one is rebinding, the other is mutation, this is a fundametal
difference in python.

My impression is that they seem to say that the fundamental difference
between mutation and rebinding implies the specific behaviour python
has now. IMO this explanation is incomplete. The python developers
could have chosen that a line like 'c.a = ...' would have resulted
in c being included in the local scope. Then rebinding and mutation
would still be fundamentally different from each other but the specific
confusion over why 'k[0] = ...' worked as expeced but 'k = ...' didn't,
will disappear.

So I only used this example as an illustration why I think the usual
explanation is not completed. This example is not to be taken as an
illustration of how I think python should behave.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 08:34:23 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (simon.hibbs at gmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:34:23 -0700
Subject: Newbie
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.30294.1152786903.27774.python-list@python.org>
	<mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152794062.956481.168070@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


So far I've mostly used it for writing short text file re-formatting
scripts. Previously I would have used Perl, but I find Python much more
readable and maintainable for this sort of thing, and only very
slightly more verbose.

I'm currently writing a play-by-mail game turn processing engine using
Python, SQLite and wxPython. It's easily my most ambitious project so
far.

Simon Hibbs



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 30 16:53:51 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 22:53:51 +0200
Subject: Html character entity conversion
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.30.20.53.50.49282@gmx.net>

In <1154266972.154519.175040 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:

> Here is my script:
> 
> from mechanize import *
> from BeautifulSoup import *
> import StringIO
> b = Browser()
> f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> b.select_form(nr=0)
> b["source"] = "hello python"
> html = b.submit().get_data()
> soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
> 
> OUTPUT:
> &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> ----------
> In russian it looks like:
> "?????? ?????"
> 
> How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??

Have you tried a more recent version of BeautifulSoup?  IIRC current
versions always decode text to unicode objects before returning them.

Ciao,
	Marc 


From schaffer at optonline.net  Thu Jul  6 19:10:58 2006
From: schaffer at optonline.net (Les Schaffer)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:10:58 -0400
Subject: GPG.py adapted to use subprocess, for Windows?
In-Reply-To: <44AD97CD.8090702@optonline.net>
References: <44AD97CD.8090702@optonline.net>
Message-ID: <tMgrg.1005$862.87@fe10.lga>

Les Schaffer wrote:

> Does anyone know if the GPG.py module

errr, THIS GPG module: http://www.historical-id.info/files/python/GPG.py

Les


From fabiofz at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 12:39:17 2006
From: fabiofz at gmail.com (Fabio Zadrozny)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 16:39:17 -0000
Subject: [Jython-users] Pydev and Pydev Extensions 1.0.6 release
Message-ID: <29131495.1146053368046.JavaMail.SYSTEM@c1879626-a>

Hi All,

Pydev and Pydev Extensions 1.0.6 have been released

Check http://www.fabioz.com/pydev for details on Pydev Extensions

and http://pydev.sf.net for details on Pydev

Release Highlights in Pydev Extensions:
-----------------------------------------------------------------

- New Feature: Show hierarchy (F4) -- Still in a beta state (currently only
looks for subclasses on the same project).
- Analysis happens in a Thread, so, you should now always have the latest
parse without any halts (this happened only when the option was set to
analyze only on save).
- Class variable marked as error when self ommitted
- when an undefined import is found within a try..except ImportError, it
will not be reported.
- Allow changing the keybinding for activating the Interactive Console
(Ctrl+Enter)
- Added a simple text-search that looks for in all .py and .pyw files (will
be improved in the future to make a real python-like search).
- The keywords that match the 'simple' keywords completion do not show up.


Release Highlights in Pydev:
----------------------------------------------

- Assign variables to attributes (Ctrl+2+a): Contributed by Joel Hedlund
(this is the first contribution using the new jython scripting engine).
- 3 minor 'quirks' were fixed in the indentation engine
- The debugger had some changes (so, if you had halts with it, please try it
again).
- Allow changing the keybinding for activating the Find next problem
(Ctrl+.)
- The debugger step-return had its behaviour changed.
- Additional scripts location added to pythonpath in the jython scripting
engine
- Transversal of nested references improved
- Fixed problems with compiled modules when they had 'nested' module
structures (e.g.: wx.glcanvas)

What is PyDev?
---------------------------

PyDev is a plugin that enables users to use Eclipse for Python and Jython
development -- making Eclipse a first class Python IDE -- It comes with many
goodies such as code completion, syntax highlighting, syntax analysis,
refactor, debug and many others.


Cheers,

--
Fabio Zadrozny
------------------------------------------------------
Software Developer

ESSS - Engineering Simulation and Scientific Software
http://www.esss.com.br

Pydev Extensions
http://www.fabioz.com/pydev

Pydev - Python Development Enviroment for Eclipse
http://pydev.sf.net
http://pydev.blogspot.com
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From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Mon Jul 17 20:22:37 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 17:22:37 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project:  Diet Python!!!
Message-ID: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
clients thin :)

You'll find it in http://sourceforge.net/projects/dietpython



From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Fri Jul  7 15:10:04 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 12:10:04 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneata4p.3cc.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>
Message-ID: <1152299404.248235.125160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks to everyone who posted.  First, I don't think my question was
clear enough: Rob Cowie, Ant, Simon Forman, mensanator at aol.com, and Jon
Ribbens offered solutions that don't quite work as-is, because I need
multiple values to map to a single type.  Tim Chase and Bruno
Destuilliers both offer very nice OOP solutions, and I think this is
the route I will probably go.  However, for the simplest and easiest
solution, I really like this from Peter Otten:
inflated = [0]*5
groups = [[0,1,3],[4],[2]]
for value in [1,1,0,4]:
	inflated[value] += 1
print [sum(inflated[i] for i in group) for group in groups]

4 lines (one more to assign the lists to name values, but that's
minor), and intuitive.  If I had just thought of this to begin with, I
wouldn't have bothered posting.

Thanks to all for the advice.

THN



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 11:27:19 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:27:19 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bpvenj04c2r45@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, tac-tics <tactics40 at gmail.com> wrote:
> Grant Edwards wrote:
>> for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
>>
>>     if 0 <= i <= 10000:
>
> I'm assuming you used Python's compound comparison as opposed to the
> C-style of and'ing two comparisons together to emphasize the fact it is
> god's chosen way of doing this ;-)

Exactly!

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  HUGH BEAUMONT died
                                  at               in 1982!!
                               visi.com            


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Mon Jul 17 12:26:36 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 11:26:36 -0500
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <8c7f10c60607170909v279799f6u5d0d761fdff6a753@mail.gmail.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<8c7f10c60607170909v279799f6u5d0d761fdff6a753@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44BBBA3C.6050400@tim.thechases.com>

> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
> while lst:
>     lst.pop()
> 
> Or even just:
> 
> lst = []

Subtly different though...

 >>> while lst:
...     lst.pop()
...
5
4
3
2
1
 >>> lst2
[]
 >>> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
 >>> lst2 = lst
 >>> lst = []
 >>> lst2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
 >>> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
 >>> lst2 = lst
 >>> del lst[:]
 >>> lst2
[]

The original while loop changes the actual list, reassigning it 
to a new list prevents other items that reference that list from 
accessing the changes.  As shown above, I recommend

	del lst[:]

which should be as fast as python will let one do it. (maybe? 
again with those timeit guys... ;)

-tkc






From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Mon Jul 17 18:39:19 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:39:19 +1000
Subject: Tkinter StringVar mystery
In-Reply-To: <6-SdnTWpMbigZybZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@nmt.edu>
References: <6-SdnTWpMbigZybZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@nmt.edu>
Message-ID: <1153175959.5244.19.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Mon, 2006-07-17 at 15:00 -0600, Bob Greschke wrote:
> First off I have this class (thanks to whoever came up with this way back 
> when):
> 
> ######################
> # BEGIN: class Command
> # LIB:Command():2006.110
> #    Pass arguments to functions from button presses and menu selections,
> #    bind's.  Nice!
> #    In your declaration:
> #        ...command = Command(func, args,...)
> class Command:
>     def __init__(self, func, *args, **kw):
>         self.func = func
>         self.args = args
>         self.kw = kw
>     def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
>         args = self.args+args
>         kw.update(self.kw)
>         apply(self.func, args, kw)
> # END: class Command
> 
> 
> Then in the setup part of an entry form I have:
> 
> # CHBCBarcodeLastVar is the variable for an Entry() field
> Button(SubFrame, text = "Print Barcode", \
>         command = Command(test, "other", CHBCBarcodeLastVar.get(), \
>         "CHBC")).pack(side = LEFT)
> 
> 
> Then this is a/the test function:
> 
> def test(What, BC, Where, e = None):
> # Does print the correct value
>     print CHBCBarcodeLastVar.get()
> # Does change the field on the form
>     CHBCBarcodeLastVar.set("55555")
> # BC is ""
>     print ":"+What+":", ":"+BC+":", ":"+Where+":"
>     return
> 
> Everything works as it should, except when the Button is clicked BC is an 
> empty str in test().  How come?  (I really have NO clue how that Command 
> class works, but I use it like crazy.  Is it the problem?)

The problem is when you are creating the "Print Barcode" button.  Think
about what the value of CHBCBarcodeLastVar.get() is when you create the
button ?  I bet it is an empty string.  This value will always be passed
to test, regardless of how it changes in the future.  What you probably
want is to pass the StringVar reference and then do a get in test.

Eg:

# CHBCBarcodeLastVar is the variable for an Entry() field
Button(SubFrame, text = "Print Barcode", \
        command = Command(test, "other", CHBCBarcodeLastVar, \
        "CHBC")).pack(side = LEFT)

def test(What, BC, Where, e = None):
    print ":"+What+":", ":"+BC.get()":", ":"+Where+":"
    return

Regards,

John



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 15 05:06:02 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 11:06:02 +0200
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com><12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
	<44B7D61E.1090504@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <018901c6a7ef$9cdba320$03000080@hendrik>


"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> Wrote:
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Friday, July 14, 2006 7:36 PM
Subject: Re: Python for Embedded Systems?


| Grant Edwards wrote:
| > On 2006-07-14, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
| >
| >> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
| >> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
| >> user gets to select what modules to install?
| >>
| >> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
| >>
| >> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
| >> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
| >> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
| >> Python on these systems?
| >>
| >
| > A few years back there was a "deeply embedded python" project,
| > but it's been dead for quite a while:
| >
| >  http://www.tucs.fi/magazin/output.php?ID=2000.N2.LilDeEmPy
| >
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-announce-list/1999-August/000157.html
| >
| >
| This raises a good question.  Is there a need for python to change
| somewhat to work better in an embedded profile?  Are there many people
| in the community interested in using python for embedded projects?
|

I for one would be interested in using it - if it can be made small enough - I
do not see it helping me with the nitty gritty of getting a system running on
bare metal, as the low level stuff in a small system is still best done in
assembler - but if there is a display and some sort of keyboard and you can
stick to character based stuff it will ease the "application" part of the work a
lot - its a natural for doing things like logging and simple transactions - and
if the hardware is strong enough to get IP running - then it will open up the
systems to be web based...

It will also be of use as you could prototype on a PC - emulators and simulators
of small systems are mostly a pain as it takes a lot of effort to describe the
actual hardware before these are useful...

"Small" in this context is an eight bit processor (like an 80x1 | x = 3, 5 )
with some tricks done in the hardware to expand the native 16 bit address space
to address say half a Meg of battery backed up static ram as data space, with
about 62k of code space available for the interpreter and the custom OS to run
in - (Harvard architecture, not von Neumann) - These processors have lately been
improved from the original about half a MIP to now give sustained performance of
better than 10 MIPS - So they may just be able to cripple along doing the
interpreting - But its *Quite a Challenge* to fit the interpreter in, though...

It is easily possible to expand these processor's address space to 24 bits -
that is 16 Meg - and it may be a better approach to make a 'Virtual Processor'
to run the python stuff - is there a definition for that sort of thing, akin to
Java's Virtual Processor? - It would be a better approach, as the resultant
higher level work would be more portable - to port to another class of
processor, you need merely write the Virtual Machine - in whatever Language
takes your fancy...

What is the minimum set of instructions and structure needed to make a
simplistic Python? - does anybody know?

Might just be a pipe dream...

- Hendrik van Rooyen




From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 20 03:32:02 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 07:32:02 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<e9lt8i$icb$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <slrnebucbi.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-19, Georg Brandl <g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>>> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
>>> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
>>> this?
>> 
>> Because it doesn't always do what I want.
>> 
>> I once had a producer consumer code. When the client asked whether new
>> items were available the function could return three different values
>> 
>>   1) a list with items, to be consumed
>>   2) an empty list (meaning there were no items available for the
>>                     moment but there could be in the future
>>   3) None (meaning the producer was done)
>> 
>> Just testing for the truth value of the returned result in order
>> to see whether the client should continue or not would often
>> have made the client exit prematurely.
>>
>> IME such cases where testing for the truth value of an object
>> don't give the expected result, happen often enough to make me
>> carefully think about what I want to test for and then explicitly
>> do so.
>
> You're right, carefully thinking is always a good thing. Not using a
> language feature just because it would fail in another case is not.

I would say the opposite is just as true. Using a language feature
just because it happens to give the right answer, is not a good thing.
You don't know how your code will evolve and my experience is that the
lesser you use this feature, the lesser the chance you will have
to track a nasty bug later.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From rzimerman at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 04:56:38 2006
From: rzimerman at gmail.com (rzimerman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 01:56:38 -0700
Subject: Making HTTP requests using Twisted
Message-ID: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I'm hoping to write a program that will read any number of urls from
stdin (1 per line), download them, and process them. So far my script
(below) works well for small numbers of urls. However, it does not
scale to more than 200 urls or so, because it issues HTTP requests for
all of the urls simultaneously, and terminates after 25 seconds.
Ideally, I'd like this script to download at most 50 pages in parallel,
and to time out if and only if any HTTP request is not answered in 3
seconds. What changes do I need to make?

Is Twisted the best library for me to be using? I do like Twisted, but
it seems more suited to batch mode operations. Is there some way that I
could continue registering url requests while the reactor is running?
Is there a way to specify a time out per page request, rather than for
a batch of pages requests?

Thanks!



#-------------------------------------------------

from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.web import client
import re, urllib, sys, time

def extract(html):
        #do some processing on html, writing to stdout

def printError(failure):
        print >> sys.stderr, "Error:", failure.getErrorMessage( )

def stopReactor():
        print "Now stopping reactor..."
        reactor.stop()

for url in sys.stdin:
        url = url.rstrip()
        client.getPage(url).addCallback(extract).addErrback(printError)

reactor.callLater(25, stopReactor)
reactor.run()



From pmaupin at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 00:25:38 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 21:25:38 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8317.1153276114.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8317.1153276114.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153369537.947830.120890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Terry Reedy wrote:
>
> > Carl Banks wrote:
> >>     def process_values(lst):
> >>         if not lst:
> >>             return
> >>         do_expensive_initialization_step()
> >>         for item in lst:
> >>             do_something_with(item)
> >>         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>
> Given that the input is going to be scanned by an iterator, it really makes
> sense to me to accept an iterator as input.  (Unless the function is for
> special-case usage in a predefined, never to be expanded, set of
> circumstances in which such generality is not needed.  In such a case, if
> lst: is no problem.)  I think the following, untested rewrite suffices.
>
> def process_values(lst):
>     it = iter(lst)
>     try:
>         item = it.next()
>         do_expensive_initialization_step()
>         do_something_with(item) # see note
>         for item in it:
>             do_something_with(item)
>         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>     except StopIteration:
>         pass # or any special empty input code
>
> # note: if writing do_something_with(item) is bothersome,
> # replace 3 lines with
>         while True:
>             do_something_with(item)
>             try:
>                item = it.next
>             except StopIteration:
>                 break
>
> In general, to work with iterators instead of containers, change
>
> if container:
>     do_stuff()
> else:
>     do_empty()
>
> to
>
> try:
>     item = it.next()
>     do_modified_stuff() # taking into account that have item already
> except StopIteration:
>     do_empty()
>

Good example.    But if you want, you can also do the same thing
without explicitly dealing with StopIteration exceptions, by (ab)using
the for statment to deal with the StopIteration exceptions implicitly
for you:

    def process_values(lst):
        it = iter(lst)
        # This for statement executes 0 or 1 times
        for item in it:
            do_expensive_initialization_step()
            do_something_with(item)
            break
        else:
            # Empty list code, if needed, goes here...
            return
        # This for statement executes max(0, len(lst) - 1) times
        for item in it:
            do_something_with(item)
        do_expensive_finalization_step()

And, of course, if you really want to defer optimizations, and you
expect the code to not be in a critical speed path and to not be passed
huge lists or iterators, you could take the original function and add:

        lst = list(lst)

as the first line.  Frankly, if I had a working function in a piece of
code, and then a failure because it was being called with a generator,
I would find this very tempting unless I strongly suspected it would
cause issues later.

Regards,
Pat



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 06:06:05 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:06:05 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr><1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1152470114.116601.277340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.7944.1152471111.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152478596.286982.276450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8t8qe$hoe$1@sea.gmane.org>

Paddy wrote:

> I had a look Frederick but the page lead to:
>  http://pyref.infogami.com/subscriptions
> Which again failed to mention namespace issues.

it says

    The primary must evaluate to an object of a sequence or mapping type.

and links to a page that explains what a primary is.  the interesting page is the
one about "atoms" (which includes identifiers), which point you to

    http://pyref.infogami.com/naming-and-binding

which explains it all.

</F> 





From joncle at googlemail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:55:42 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:55:42 -0700
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
In-Reply-To: <1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151920542.876526.88200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> My experiance is mostly with old-style classes, but here goes.
>
> first off, the <what> question is actually easier than you think.
> After all, self is an instance of a string, so   self[3:4] would grab
> the slice of characters between 3 and 4 =)
>

That's kind of funky - I like it. However, I'd still like to know what
<what> technically is - any ideas on how to find out?

> as for __init__, what I have found is that if you do not include an
> __init__ function, the parent class's __init__ gets inherited, just
> like any other function, so you dont need one.  If you have multiple
> inheritance, however, you must include an __init__ which calls the
> __init__ on every parent, otherwise only the first parent's gets
> called.

Thanks for your post: it's most appreciated.

Cheers,

Jon.



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul 25 12:00:48 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:00:48 -0700
Subject: Don't use __slots__! (was Re: dicts vs classes)
In-Reply-To: <ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com>
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>
	<ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1153843248.761424.246730@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Aahz, citing Guido:
>__slots__ is a terrible hack with nasty, hard-to-fathom side
>effects that should only be used by programmers at grandmaster and
>wizard levels. Unfortunately it has gained an enormous undeserved

I think I have used __slots__ just one time. Can you tell me some of of
such bad side effects?

Bye,
bearophile



From luca.bs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 04:49:16 2006
From: luca.bs at gmail.com (LB)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 01:49:16 -0700
Subject: Accessing files on a PocketPC device
In-Reply-To: <1153857582.592715.4200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153857582.592715.4200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153903756.530978.155440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


walterbyrd ha scritto:

> I want my python app to read a file from a pocketpc mobile device, if
> possible.
>
> Assume I am running windows-xp, and activesync 3.8. Assume I have
> "exported" the file.
>
> As I understand it, exported files are not really on the PC, even after
> syncing. You have to use your stylus on the PDA to get to the file in
> question, then use your PC mouse to drag the file onto the PC. I hate
> this. As it is, to get to the file, I have to open "my computer" then
> open the "mobile device" icon.
>

On my PPC (win mobile 2003 and activesync 3.8) syncing replicate (and
in some cases translate,as for excel, word...) file between PPC and PC.
So finally you have a copy on PC and a copy on PPC.

Otherwise you can access your PPC as a remote device via activesync.

I don't know if you can read a file on the PPC using a python app, but
surely you can operate on the syncronized file on the PC.

LB



From rrs at researchut.com  Fri Jul 28 13:54:43 2006
From: rrs at researchut.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 23:24:43 +0530
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013046.425705.128980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DA6D46595Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154020628.449917.229370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadj16$tn7$1@sea.gmane.org>

Simon Forman on Thursday 27 Jul 2006 22:47 wrote:

> def run(request, response, func=dummy_func):
> '''
> Get items from the request Queue, process them
> with func(), put the results along with the
> Thread's name into the response Queue.
> 
> Stop running once an item is None.
> '''
> name = currentThread().getName()
> while 1:
> item = request.get()
> if item is None:
> break
> response.put((name, func(item)))
> 

Meanwhile, instead of sitting idle and waiting for a reply, I thought of trying
to understand the code (the example by Simon).
Good part is that I was able to use it. :-)

Here's the changed code:

        from Queue import Queue
        from threading import Thread, currentThread
        
        # Imports for the dummy testing func.
        from time import sleep
        from random import random
        
        NUMTHREADS = 3
        
        def run(request, response, func=download_from_web):
            '''
        ? ? Get items from the request Queue, process them
        ? ? with func(), put the results along with the
        ? ? Thread's name into the response Queue.
        
        ? ? Stop running once an item is None.
        ? ? '''
            name = currentThread().getName()
            while 1:
                item = request.get()
                (sUrl, sFile, download_size, checksum) = stripper(item)
                if item is None:
                    break
                response.put((name, func(sUrl, sFile, sSourceDir, None)))
        
        
        # Create two Queues for the requests and responses
        requestQueue = Queue()
        responseQueue = Queue()
        
        
        # Pool of NUMTHREADS Threads that run run().
        thread_pool = [
                       Thread(
                              target=run,
                              args=(requestQueue, responseQueue)
                              )
                       for i in range(NUMTHREADS)
                       ]
        
        
        # Start the threads.
        for t in thread_pool: t.start()
        
        # Queue up the requests.
        for item in lRawData: requestQueue.put(item)
        
        
        # Shut down the threads after all requests end.
        # (Put one None "sentinel" for each thread.)
        for t in thread_pool: requestQueue.put(None)
        
        # Don't end the program prematurely.
        #
        # (Note that because Queue.get() is blocking by
        # default this isn't strictly necessary. ?But if
        # you were, say, handling responses in another
        # thread, you'd want something like this in your
        # main thread.)
        for t in thread_pool: t.join()

I'd like to put my understanding over here and would be happy if people can
correct me at places.

So here it goes:
Firstly the code initializes the number of threads. Then it moves on to
initializing requestQueue() and responseQueue().
Then it moves on to thread_pool, where it realizes that it has to execute the
function run().
>From NUMTHREADS in the for loop, it knows how many threads it is supposed to
execute parallelly.

So once the thread_pool is populated, it starts the threads. 
Actually, it doesn't start the threads. Instead, it puts the threads into the
queue.

Then the real iteration, about which I was talking in my earlier post, is done.
The iteration happens in one go. And requestQueue.put(item) puts all the items
from lRawData into the queue of the run().
But there, the run() already known its limitation on the number of threads.

No, I think the above statement is wrong. The actual pool about the number of
threads is stored by thread_pool. Once its pool (at a time 3 as per this
example) is empty, it again requests for more threads using the requestQueue()

And in function run(), when the item of lRawData is None, the thread stops.
The the cleanup and checks of any remaining threads is done.

Is this all correct ?

I also do have a couple of questions more which would be related to locks. But
I'd post them once I get done with this part.

Thanks,
Ritesh
-- 
Ritesh Raj Sarraf
RESEARCHUT - http://www.researchut.com
"Necessity is the mother of invention."
"Stealing logic from one person is plagiarism, stealing from many is research."
"The great are those who achieve the impossible, the petty are those who
cannot - rrs"



From luca at ieee.org  Fri Jul 28 20:55:39 2006
From: luca at ieee.org (Luca Masini)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 02:55:39 +0200
Subject: Problem with cx_freeze / FreezePython
References: <5bc8c$44bff2a8$4275d90a$14136@FUSE.NET>
Message-ID: <m2wt9xxm9g.fsf@localhost.i-did-not-set--mail-host-address--so-tickle-me>

Kevin Walzer <kw at kevin-walzer.com> writes:

> I am trying to build a simple "hello.py" script with cx_freeze, but am
> not having any luck. Every time I run the FreezePython utility I get
> this error message:
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File
> "/Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/initscripts/ConsoleKeepPath.py",
> line 15, in ?
>     exec code in m.__dict__
>   File "FreezePython.py", line 1, in ?
>     import optparse
>   File "/usr/local/python-unix/lib/python2.4/optparse.py", line 72, in ?
>     from gettext import gettext as _
>   File "/usr/local/python-unix/lib/python2.4/gettext.py", line 49, in ?
>     import locale, copy, os, re, struct, sys
> ImportError: Failure linking new module:
> /Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/build/struct.so: Symbol not found:
> __PyFloat_Pack8
>   Referenced from: /Users/kevin/Desktop/cx_Freeze-3.0.2/build/struct.so
>   Expected in: dynamic lookup

Maybe cx_Freeze was not able to find a shared library needed by struct.so
because it is not a pure python module.

Can you post the "hello.py" you are trying to build ?

Regards.

Luca.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 05:46:04 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:46:04 +0200
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <44cdcb5c$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44cdcb5c$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
Message-ID: <44cdd15d$0$17883$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Dennis Benzinger wrote:
> Jonathan Bowlas wrote:
>> Hi Listers,
>>
>> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if
>> this
>> is possible in python?
>>
>> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
>> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
>> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one
>> checkbox is
>> passed as a list. Therefore if my function is required to perform an
>> action
>> based on each argument passed in the list the function works correctly
>> but
>> if it is passed as a string nothing happens.
> 
> You need the isinstance() function. 

Not in Zope.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 07:15:24 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 21:15:24 +1000
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
In-Reply-To: <1151920542.876526.88200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920542.876526.88200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a8fc54@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 7:55 PM, Jon Clements wrote:
> cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
>> My experiance is mostly with old-style classes, but here goes.
>>
>> first off, the <what> question is actually easier than you think.
>> After all, self is an instance of a string, so   self[3:4] would grab
>> the slice of characters between 3 and 4 =)
>>
> 
> That's kind of funky - I like it. However, I'd still like to know what
> <what> technically is - any ideas on how to find out?

You have already been told: you don't need "self.<what>", you just write 
"self" ... self *is* a reference to the instance of the mystr class that 
is being operated on by the substr method.

You did ask for criticism: here's what's intended to be constructive 
criticism: you can often find out answers a lot faster by actually 
trying it out yourself. E.g. do I need an __init__() method?

|>> class mystr(str):
...     def substr(self, start, length):
...         return self[start-1:start-1+length]
...
|>> foo = mystr('abcdef')
|>> foo
'abcdef'
|>> foo.substr(2, 3)
'bcd'
|>> mystr.substr(foo, 2, 3)
'bcd'

No __init__(), no <what>, it just works!

HTH,
John





From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 02:54:47 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:54:47 +0200
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string update
References: <mailman.7748.1151988807.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.06.54.47.735975@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7748.1151988807.27775.python-list at python.org>, bruce wrote:

> here is a sample of the text i'm looking to do hte search/replace for...
> 
>                     <td valign="top" colspan="2" class="sectionheading"
> bgcolor="#ffffff" > ACCT 209 - SURVEY OF ACCT PRIN     &nbsp;</td>
> 
> i'm trying to figure out how to replace the "&nbsp" with a ''. in html, the
> '&nbsp;' char is not a valid ascii char...
> 
> in perl, i'd do 's /&nbsp;//' and be done with it!!!

And in Python I'd use the `replace()` method on strings and be done with
it!!!

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 12:54:55 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:54:55 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
(snip)
>>>>>
>>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
>>>>
>>>>Indeed.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
>>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
>>>>
>>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
>>>>
>>>>(snip)
>>>
>>>I never advocated anything.
>>
>>You advocated
>>"""
>>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
>>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
>>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
>>you never know...
>>"""
>>
> 
> 
> You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.

Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)

> That's not advocacy, that's common sense.

I'm afraid we don't use the same definition of "common sense". Writing
useless code is not part of my definition of "common sense".

(snip)
>>>
>>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
>>>and not language dependent semantics.
>>
>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>>
> 
> 
> Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> object's internal data and thus crashing your system?

Let's try again...

point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
Just a *convention*.

point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
internal data" at will.

point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
for this.

point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.

Now, please, can you explain the difference between :

class Complicated(object):
  def __init__(self, data):
    self.data = data
  def _get_data(self):
    return self._data
  def _set_data(self, data):
    self._data = data

and

class Pragmatic(object):
  def __init__(self, data)
    self.data = data


and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:12:00 -0700
Subject: USA UK CANADA AUSTRALIA Jobs With VISA Sponsorship, USA VISA, UK VISA,
	CANADA VISA, AUSTRALIA VISA , immigration, VISA Sponsorship, USA VISA
Message-ID: <1151932317.753442.120280@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

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From TeCh at spelletjesgarnaal.be  Thu Jul 27 14:51:24 2006
From: TeCh at spelletjesgarnaal.be (TeCh)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:51:24 +0200
Subject: Simulate input to another program
References: <1154025758.484753.180200@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <nM2dnUkcFtyxllTZnZ2dnUVZ8qWdnZ2d@scarlet.biz>

31337one at gmail.com wrote:

> I am using a python script as a way to test another program that I have
> written in C++. The program cannot be altered. It needs to stay the way
> it is.
> 
> I need to simulate a few keystrokes to the application while it is
> running. The application uses number keys and y and n to navigate a
> basic menu.
> 
> Is there a way within python to simulate the keystrokes to this other
> program.

I think this is possible with an expect module, such as
http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/.

<quote>
Description: Python module for automating interactive applications
 Pexpect is a pure Python module for spawning child applications;
 controlling them; and responding to expected patterns in their
 output. Pexpect works like Don Libes' Expect. Pexpect allows your
 script to spawn a child application and control it as if a human were
 typing commands.
</quote>

-- 
TeCh


From blue99 at interia.pl  Mon Jul 31 02:53:43 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 23:53:43 -0700
Subject: import a user created python file as module
In-Reply-To: <1154326026.973682.305080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154326026.973682.305080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154328823.607508.34170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>



> How and what should I do to import file1.py into file1-dir1.py ? Please
> give me some references to the tutorial topic which I can study as
> well.

And some reference:

http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html

Regards,
Rob



From bborcic at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 08:19:01 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:19:01 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

> Do you have any ideas?

you could use a recursive generator, like

def genAllChildren(self) :
     for child in self.children :
         yield child
         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
             yield childchild


From lebougeant at 3Douest.com  Fri Jul 21 04:50:25 2006
From: lebougeant at 3Douest.com (Jérôme Le Bougeant)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 10:50:25 +0200
Subject: change default install directory when using bdist_rpm
References: <1153454942.339491.123690@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c0954c$0$829$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi,

try :
python setup.py bdist_rpm --dist-dir="/home/..."

> I'm using :
> python setup.py bdist_rpm
>
> to create an rpm package to distribute my python app on linux.
>
> When i install the rpm, the files are installed in
> /usr/share/python/site-packages/..... directory by default.
>
> How do i change the installation directory??
>
> Thanks,
> krithika
> 




From http  Wed Jul 26 16:32:25 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:32:25 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x3bcogl9i.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
> Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
> copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.

No, you get two processes whose address spaces get the data.  It's
done with the virtual memory hardware.  The data isn't copied.  The
page tables of both processes are just set up to point to the same
physical pages.  Copying only happens if a process writes to one of
the pages.  The OS detects this using a hardware trap from the VM
system.


From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Tue Jul 18 13:03:07 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 19:03:07 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9j48a$b3p$1@news.sap-ag.de>

Patrick Maupin wrote:
> The argument that one should always use len() to test whether sequences
> are empty or not simply because the use of len() gives a free "is it a
> sequence?" type-check is not apt to be well received by an audience
> which rejects explicit type-checking in general.

No explicit type check. More of an implicit behaviour check. OK,
wise guys are not apt to be well received by  ... well, any audience.

> The perverse wish, expressed in the specific example, that SOME piece
> of code SOMEWHERE should PLEASE throw an exception because some idiot
> passed a generator expression rather than a list into a function, is
> not apt to be well received by an audience which strives for generality
> when it makes sense; and I daresay most members of that audience, if
> confronted with the wished-for exception, would fix the function so
> that it quite happily accepted generator expressions, rather than
> changing a conditional to use len() just so that an equivalent
> exception could happen a bit earlier.

Premature generalization: the new 'premature optimization'.

Daniel


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Thu Jul 27 12:17:56 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:17:56 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C8E734.9010304@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
>> Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
>> wonder, why use threads vs processes.
>>     
>
> In many cases, you don't have a choice. If your Python program
> is to run other programs, the others get their own processes.
> There's no threads option on that.
>
> If multiple lines of execution need to share Python objects,
> then the standard Python distribution supports threads, while
> processes would require some heroic extension. Don't confuse
> sharing memory, which is now easy, with sharing Python
> objects, which is hard.
>
>   
Ah, alright, I think I understand, so threading works well for sharing 
python objects.  Would a scenario for this be something like a a job 
queue (say Queue.Queue) for example.  This is a situation in which each 
process/thread needs access to the Queue to get the next task it must 
work on.  Does that sound right?  Would the same apply to multiple 
threads needed access to a dictionary? list?

Now if you are just passing ints and strings around, use processes with 
some type of IPC, does that sound right as well?  Or does the term 
"shared memory" mean something more low-level like some bits that don't 
necessarily mean anything to python but might mean something to your 
application?

Sorry if you guys think i'm beating this to death, just really trying to 
get a firm grasp on what you are telling me and again, thanks for taking 
the time to explain all of this to me!

-carl


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 03:20:02 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 19:20:02 +1200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153493473.101466.290110 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, T wrote:

> 
> I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
> to an instance of another class:
> 
> 
> 
> # Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
> foo = Parse_Option()
> 
> # Class that does the real work
> bar = Processor()
> 
> bar.index = foo.options.index
> bar.output  = foo.options.output
> bar.run()
> 
> 
> 
> This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
> class to another.  Isn't there a better way???

I don't see the problem. If you're calling a number of different routines in
the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
sense to only pass it once.


From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 08:33:29 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 05:33:29 -0700
Subject: questions to anyone who uses wxPython
In-Reply-To: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153398809.836778.312090@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


damacy wrote:
> hello. i'm using wxPython as my GUI package and whenever my program
> executes a long process which takes at least 2 or 3 seconds, the user
> interface gets corrupted while executing the progrocess during the
> period.

Hi Darnacy,

I had the same issue and used wxProcess to run the long process (in
this case a file copy) in a seperate process to the GUI

See src zip at :
http://www.latedecember.com/sites/software/LDBackup/

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 06:41:57 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:41:57 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <44ae3892$0$25187$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<44ae3892$0$25187$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e8ldpj$eq7$2@sea.gmane.org>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Certainly not. Nested scopes allow closures, which allow decorators and
> lot of *very* useful things.

decorators can be trivially implemented as classes, of course.  it's a 
bit unfortunate that many people seem to think that decorators *have* to 
be implemented as nested functions, rather than arbitrary callables.

</F>



From kevin.bell at slcgov.com  Mon Jul 17 12:25:49 2006
From: kevin.bell at slcgov.com (Bell, Kevin)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:25:49 -0600
Subject: pyKML: where to get it?
Message-ID: <2387F0EED10A4545A840B231BBAAC7226084C4@slcimail1.slcgov.com>

When trying to download pyKML at sourceForge, it says "No File Packages
Defined" ;(

Does anyone know where I can get pyKML?


TIA

Kev.


From nun at example.com  Wed Jul  5 07:20:18 2006
From: nun at example.com (Mitja Trampus)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:20:18 +0200
Subject: Confusion with resource.setrlimit() and subprocesses
Message-ID: <VfNqg.4131$oj5.1404922@news.siol.net>

I am trying to run a subprocess within given time and memory restrictions.
The resource module kind of works for me, but I do not understand why and am seeking an 
explanation. Also, the signal module is not behaving as I'd expect it to.

Demo code with questions:

==========
import subprocess as sub
import resource as r
import signal as sig
import time, sys

def exceed(signal, stackFrame):
   "log what we have caught, then exit"
   f=open('/tmp/sig')
   f.write('caught %d, elapsed %d\n' % (signal, time.time()-t)
   f.close()
   sys.exit(0)

print 'running'

t = time.time()

r.setrlimit(r.RLIMIT_CPU,(1,1))
r.setrlimit(r.RLIMIT_AS,(100000,100000))
sig.signal(sig.SIGXCPU, exceed)
sig.signal(sig.SIGSEGV, exceed)

try:
   retcode=sub.call('./hog')
   print 'done with', retcode   ### QUESTION 1
except MemoryError:
   print 'exceeds mem' ### QUESTION 2

# a time consuming loop
for i in xrange(1000000000):
   x = 5.23/123.33  ### QUESTION 3
===========

QUESTION 1:
When ./hog exceeds time limit, retcode==-9, meaning ./hog got a SIGKILL. This is fine with 
me, but why doesn't the python script itself get the SIGKILL? Is it because it is idly 
waiting for the child process to finish, thus using hardly any CPU? If both processes are 
indeed so loosely coupled, I wouldn't expect the child to inherit the limits - which part 
of the docs did I miss?

QUESTION 2:
Why does the subprocess module throw this exception? I thought my sig.signal(sig.SIGSEGV, 
exceed) would kick in.

QUESTION 3:
Similarly, if I do the time-expensive stuff inside the python script, why do I receive 
SIGKILL immediately, instead of one second after SIGXCPU (which the script should catch)

TIA,
Mitja


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 08:38:39 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 05:38:39 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Jim Segrave wrote:
> In article <1151814697.201988.17140 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
> valpa <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
> >I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> >telnet on to them and configure them.
> >It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> >each server.
>
> Don't use telnet. it's clumsy and has security issues.

if youre behind a firewall then it shouldnt matter.

>
> Use ssh with RSA or DSA keys. Then you simply do:
>
> ssh username at machine_name
>
> in an xterm and you are loggedis as user username on server
> machinename. It's vastly more secure and more reliable.
>
> If you're talking about initial setup of a machine (OS installation or
> whatever), our solution was to have a post-install CD or floppy which
> fetched standard server configuration data. This included an ssh
> public key for our ssh-key distribution, so after running the
> post-install disc, we could push out staff ssh-keys and logins were
> available.

I dont think the OP wants to do post-install configuration (i may be
wrong! )  but to change for example some config file.

You should be able to create a dictionary containing username=password,
then iterate over this dictionary and use os.system("xterm -e telnet -u
%s -p %s") where -u is username and -p is password (im not quite sure
if telnet has these arguments or if it works like this too)

Cheers



From rhymes at myself.com  Fri Jul 14 11:06:26 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:06:26 +0200
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>

Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:

> These are just some ideas. Whether they fit into python or not I will
> leave to the developers.

I'm not a Python pro. but:

> 1) Literal slices, in a sense we already have these, but they are
>    limited to indexing. You can't do something like fun(::). May
>    be this means the notation used now has to be adapted.

I don't see the use case for this.

> 2) Iterable slices. Allow (provided the slice notation stays:)
> 
>       for i in (1:10):
>          ...
> 
>    to do the same as:
> 
>       for i in xrange(1,10):
> 
>   This will allow to get rid of both range and xrange. Xrange
>   is totally unnecessary and range(a,b) becomes list(a:b).

-1. First: you have to introduce new syntax for an old thing. Second:
you overload the meaning of slicing and the slice operator and so on.
range is perfectly integrated and the right tool for the job. There's no
need to introduce new syntax to iterate over a range of integers.

> 4) Introduce Top and Bottom objects, which will allways
>    compare greater/smaller to other objects. Make them
>    the default values for the start and stop values of
>    slices.
> 5) Give slices a "&" and "|" operator.
> 
> 
> 7) Give slices the possibility to include the stop value.
> 
>    My first idea here was that the notation of slices
>    was adapted, so that what is a:b now would become
>    a:|b. A slice to include the b would then be a::b.
>    You could even have a slice that didn't include the
>    a but included the b like:  a|:b
> 
>    Now I expect a lot of resitance here, so it this
>    seems not feasable, just drop it.
> 
> 
> 6) Is this is all asked too much, make slice at least
>    subclassable.

Why do you need power slices?

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From rupole at hotmail.com  Mon Jul 17 22:53:26 2006
From: rupole at hotmail.com (Roger Upole)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:53:26 -0400
Subject: using capicom with python
References: <GhRug.185$kp.199@nntpserver.swip.net>
Message-ID: <1153190781_47725@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

"st?phane bard" <stephane_bard at tele2.fr> wrote in message news:GhRug.185$kp.199 at nntpserver.swip.net...
> Hi all,
> Has anyone ever used Python to work with Certificate Services in
> Windows? I'm trying to capicom dll with pywin32.
>
>
> I've found some reference about python and capicom in
> this mail archive
> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2006-March.txt
>
> but nothing really helpfull.
> I try to use windll from ctypes module
>
>
> >> windll.load(
>
> but don't get access to capicom.
>
> any idea ?

COM dll's usually aren't designed to be used directly.
You request instances of the interfaces they implement
by guid or program id.

import win32com.client
certstore=win32com.client.Dispatch('capicom.store')
certstore.Open(StoreName='Root')
for cert in certstore.Certificates:
    print 'SubjectName:', cert.SubjectName, 'IssuerName:', cert.IssuerName

        Roger







From http  Tue Jul 25 08:43:55 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:43:55 -0700
Subject: Missing rotor module
References: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <7xveplvoqc.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

rony steelandt <bucodi at yahoo.fr> writes:
> Is there a way to add this module to 2.4, or what would be the simplest
> way to replace this.
> The existing application makes use of the rotor module everywhere, which
> means in a lot of modules.
> 
> Thanks for any ideas

It's still in the 1.5 distro and later ones up to maybe 2.2.  You can
probably just drop it into 2.4 and compile it.  But you should migrate
away from it if you were using it for anything serious.  Its security
sucks.


From http  Sun Jul 23 23:53:52 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 20:53:52 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Paul Rubin <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> writes:
>    n = log(c, 1-p) - 1

I meant    n = log(c/p, 1-p) - 1
sorry.


From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 13:59:40 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 19:59:40 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e93djg$9tl$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> So, what exactly separates a precondition from a postcondition
> from an invariant? I have always imagined that one writes
> assertions on parameters and return values, and those
> assertions that only reference parameters were preconditions
> and those which also referenced return values were postconditions.
> Wouldn't that be easy enough to determine automatically?

Sure.
Actually this can be done in an even simpler fashion; e.g. in Eiffel, it 
is (forgive me if I got the details wrong, it's been several years since 
I last coded in it):

   foo (params): result_type is
   require
     -- list of assertions; these become preconditions
   do
     -- subroutine body
   ensure
     -- list of assertions; these become postconditions
   end

> And what's an invariant anyway?

In general, it's a postcondition to all routines that create or modify a 
data structure of a given type.

Eiffel does an additional check at routine entry, but that's just a 
last-ditch line of defense against invariant destruction via aliases, 
not a conceptual thing. Keep aliases under control via modes (i.e. 
"unaliasable" marks on local data to prevent aliases from leaving the 
scope of the data structure), or via locking, or simply by disallowing 
destructive updates, and you don't need the checks at routine entry anymore.

Regards,
Jo


From walterbyrd at iname.com  Sat Jul 22 10:22:01 2006
From: walterbyrd at iname.com (walterbyrd)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 07:22:01 -0700
Subject: Application Generators
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8408.1153525539.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1143917722.208117.223790@e56g2000cwe.googlegroups.com>
	<1144770265.241893.115810@j33g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8408.1153525539.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153578121.181269.280800@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Steve Hannah wrote:
> I know that this is an older thread, but I came across it on Nabble.com.
> Just wanted add some updated info on Walter's observations about Dataface
> (http://fas.sfu.ca/dataface) .  It is much further along in development now
> and it does support authentication now.
>

Thanks, for the particular project that I was working on, I went with
AppGeni, and added my own authentication.

I do have other projects in mind. Dataface seems almost like a free
version of codecharge. One thing I don't much like about codecharge, is
that it's windows only.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 23 04:32:47 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 08:32:47 GMT
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>> Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
>> mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
>> module.
>>
>> Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
>> to an implementation variable from that module. So now I have
>> variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
>
> you don't understand what "implementation detail" means, it means it is
> NOT part of the public API and no client code should ever use it.
>
> If you reference _vara in your code and it is in someone elses module
> you don't understand YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!

Why do you assume that in my example the other module is
not understood?

>>   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>>      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
>
> Users of your module should NEVER KNOW any of the _ or __ stuff exists
> to begin with.
>
>>   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>>      I should be extra carefull using it.
>
> You should NEVER use it.

Well that may be your view, but AFAICS it is not the view of
the python community. Because each time some mechanism is
proposed for real private variable, people oppose it, they
want people to have access to what are supposed to be
private variables.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul  6 08:17:29 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:17:29 +0200
Subject: ANN: Intro to Python course, Aug 16-18, San Francisco
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7825.1152133036.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7825.1152133036.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44acff5e$0$29143$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

w chun wrote:
> What:   (Intense) Intro to Python
> When:  August 16-18, 2006
> Where: San Francisco (SFO/San Bruno), CA, USA

Interesting! Now that you mention it, I remember wanting to organise an
extensive Python course in Bornh?vede, Germany. However, there's only some 16
people living in the closer area and I don't think anyone of them uses Python.
Anyway, I wanted to announce it to the world so that people who expect to come
close to Bornh?vede any time soon can contact me on this. The cost will be
somewhere near a bottle of wine per attendee to get my tongue moving.

Stefan


From pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:04:11 2006
From: pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com (pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:04:11 -0700
Subject: .dll and .pyd
Message-ID: <1153922651.185366.225430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Please, confirm me one thing. According to Python documentation for
Windows the objects .pyd and .dll have the same characteristics. I
observed that in Python24 it does not produce errors when importing
xx.dll or xx.pyd, however in python25b2, it only accepts nto import
xx.pyd.
Best regards.



From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul  6 23:33:47 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 20:33:47 -0700
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.7868.1152205602.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ZIidnWw9_NfVSzDZnZ2dnUVZ_tidnZ2d@comcast.com>

No, I'm not using any accelerator. The code is extremely simple (from 
toofpy):

# XML-RPC test
import xmlrpclib
srv = xmlrpclib.Server('http://localhost:4334/RPC2/greeting')
print srv.greeting('you', 5)

# SOAP test
import SOAPpy
srv = SOAPpy.SOAPProxy('http://localhost:4334/SOAP/greeting')
print srv.greeting('you', 5)

It really surprised me that they were so slow to execute.

<skip at pobox.com> wrote in message 
news:mailman.7868.1152205602.27775.python-list at python.org...
>
>    Jack> When I try TooFPy with the SOAP and XML-RPC sample client code
>    Jack> provided in TooFPy tutorials, a log entry shows up quickly on web
>    Jack> server log window, but it takes a long time (5 seconds or longer)
>    Jack> for the client to output a "Hello you."
>
> For XML-RPC are you using sgmlop or some other accelerator?  If not, you
> might want to consider it.
>
> Skip 




From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul 29 12:54:29 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 16:54:29 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<r6olc2doutjkg1o3953i5k6lrbrc2bdja5@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecn4m5.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-29, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 28 Jul 2006 18:20:52 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>
>> That is not true. It may be the case in a number of languages but
>> my experience with lisp and smalltalk, though rather limited,
>> says that no such memory location is implied with the word "variable"
>> in those languages and AFAIK they don't have a problem with the
>> word "variable" either.
>>
> 	I have no smalltalk experience, and my lisp goes back to a cassette
> based version on a TRS-80 Model III...
>
> 	Since, at that time at least, everything in lisp was a
> tree-branching linked list I had trouble even considering setq to define
> a "variable" -- it was closer to adding a name to a node of the lists...
><G> {Yes, that IS a very loose interpretation}
>
> 	Does lisp permit one object to have multiple "variables" attached to
> it -- that is, two or more names on one "object" (whatever the node
> contains)...

AFAIK, yes

> And if so, what happens if, say, the "object" had been a
> scalar value "3.14159265436" perhaps and you make an "assignment" to one
> of the names?

About the same as happens in Python. One name will then be attached to
a new "value" and the other names will still be attached to "3.14159265436"

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From digitalorganics at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 13:20:31 2006
From: digitalorganics at gmail.com (digitalorganics at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:20:31 -0700
Subject: Replace Whole Object Through Object Method
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.06.27.08.16.52.952769@gmail.com>
References: <1151337453.804750.293180@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a041a6$0$17612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1151354259.082966.25820@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7478.1151370084.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151376052.727979.71470@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.27.08.16.52.952769@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1152033631.252196.186420@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Point well taken, and indeed a brilliant solution. Thank you I V for
demonstrating so clearly.

I V wrote:
> On Mon, 26 Jun 2006 19:40:52 -0700, digitalorganics wrote:
> > A misuse of inheritance eh? Inheritance, like other language features,
> > is merely a tool. I happen to be using this tool to have my virtual
> > persons change roles at different points in their lifetime, as many
> > real people tend to do. Thus, at these points, B is indeed an A. What a
> > person is, whether in real life or in my program, is not static and
> > comes into definition uniquely for each moment (micro-moment, etc.) of
> > existence. Now, please, I have no intention of carrying the
> > conversation in such a silly direction, I wasn't inviting a discussion
> > on philosophy or some such. I seek to work the tools to my needs, not
> > the other way around.
>
> But thinking about the problem in the vocabulary provided by the
> programming language can be helpful in coming up with a solution. If
> inheritance tells you what an object _is_, and membership tells you what a
> role _has_, and a role is something that a person has, that suggests
> that an implementation where roles are members of a person might be
> simpler than trying to use inheritance. Like, for instance:
>
> class Role(object):
> 	def __init__(self, person):
> 		self.person = person
>
>
> class Worker(Role):
> 	def do_work(self):
> 		print self.name, "is working"
>
>
> class Employer(Role):
>
> 	def __init__(self, person):
> 		Role.__init__(self, person)
> 		self.employees = []
>
>
> 	def add_employee(self, worker):
> 		self.employees.append(worker)
>
>
> 	def boss_people_around(self):
> 		for employee in employees:
> 			print self.name, "is telling", employee.name, "what to do"
>
>
> class Person(object):
>
> 	def __init__(self, name):
> 		self.roles = []
> 		self.name = name
>
>
> 	def add_role(self, role_class):
> 		self.roles.append(role_class(self))
>
>
> 	def forward_to_role(self, attr):
> 		for role in self.roles:
> 			try:
> 				return getattr(role, attr)
> 			except AttributeError:
> 				pass
> 		raise AttributeError(attr)
>
>
> 	def __getattr__(self, attr):
> 		self.forward_to_role(attr)
>
>
> bill = Person('Bill')
> bill.add_role(Worker)
>
> bob = Person('Bob')
> bob.add_role(Employer)
> 
> bill.work()
> bob.boss_people_around()



From irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl  Mon Jul 10 03:04:32 2006
From: irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl (Irmen de Jong)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 09:04:32 +0200
Subject: Headers for Form Submision, and also HTTPrequests
In-Reply-To: <1152509689.859562.3630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152509689.859562.3630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b1fb8c$0$31649$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

evanpmeth at gmail.com wrote:

> <form
> action="http://login.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.process"
> method="post" name="theForm" id="theForm">
> <input type="text" name="email" >
> <input type="password" name="password" >
> <input type="submit" value="Login"/>

What happens when you add the form param "submit" with value "Login"
to the request you're doing?
Perhaps the page needs this third parameter....

--Irmen


From nokroeger at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 11:45:16 2006
From: nokroeger at gmail.com (Nils Oliver =?iso-8859-15?q?Kr=F6ger?=)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 17:45:16 +0200
Subject: Letting a Python application phone home
In-Reply-To: <fd0b46f40607140626o3e044a8ax928357d606c76ee3@mail.gmail.com>
References: <fd0b46f40607140626o3e044a8ax928357d606c76ee3@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <200607151745.16794.nokroeger@gmail.com>

Am Freitag, 14. Juli 2006 15:26 schrieb Dieter Vanderelst:

This is surely possible. You need to define a protocol for the communication 
between client and server. As you are planning to send data over the internet 
you should build it on top of tcp. Look at the python module "socket" resp. 
"SocketServer" for low level tcp functions.

As the data should not be visible to everyone you need some kind of 
encryption. Either you rely on the ssl capabilities of the "socket" module, 
this way securing the transport layer (tcp) or you build encryption into your 
newly designed application layer protocol. For the latter have a look at the 
"python cryptography toolkit". Sorry I have no url at hand, simply google.

Concerning the question of stopping the program when the internet connection 
breaks: let your program contact the server periodically. If this fails quit 
the program.

Regards

Nils


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 18:50:31 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:50:31 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:

>
> Thanks John, I do not have a long available on the device: stuck with 16
> bits.
>

What does "available on the device" mean? Having a "long" is a property
of a C complier, not a device. What is the CPU in the device? What is
the C compiler you are using? N.B. Last time I looked, gcc would
generate code for just about any CPU since Babbage's. I would expect
*any* C compiler that is targetting a 16-bit CPU to provide a 32-bit
long and generate reasonably efficient code for most simple operations.
Is there no library of utility routines for *elementary* base
conversions such as you need? Is there no 32-bit-arithmetic-simulation
package?



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 13:15:55 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:15:55 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152292555.250405.111820@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Thomas Nelson wrote:
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?
>
> Thanks,
> THN

Just assign each type a number (type1 -> 1, type2 -> 2) and then count
the values as usual

def count(map, it):
    d={}
    for x in it:
        x = map[x] #only difference from normal count function
        #d[x]=d.get(x,0)+1
        if x in d:
            d[x] +=1
        else:
            d[x] = 1
    return d

>>> map = {0:1, 1:1, 2:3, 3:1, 4:2}
>>> count(map, [1,1,0,4])
{1: 3, 2: 1}
>>> for x in count(map, [1,1,0,4]).items():
...  print 'type%d: %d' %x
... 
type1: 3
type2: 1



From ciccio at unical.it  Tue Jul 25 06:37:07 2006
From: ciccio at unical.it (ciccio at unical.it)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:37:07 +0200
Subject: upload a file
Message-ID: <1153823827.44c5f453a1285@webmail.unical.it>



Dear all,

could you give me an help ?

I would to upload a file from web using Python. Is there a simple way to do
this? I'm using the cgi module and python 2.3. The file to be uploaded is a text
file.

Thank you for all your suggestions,

Ernesto

-------------------------------------------------
This mail sent through IMP: http://horde.org/imp/



From nephish at xit.net  Thu Jul 20 09:53:13 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:53:13 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153403593.600127.90640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

hey thanks for that last post, although some of it was a bit over my
head.
i think i am getting more of the differences here.

thanks again,
sk

danielx wrote:
> nephish at xit.net wrote:
> > Hey there,
> > i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> > get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> > could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> > I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> > books.
> >
> > thanks for any clarity
> >
> > sk
>
> hehe. Lambda's are kind of a sensative subject for pythoners who come
> from Lisp. Guido being more of a C guy doesn't really like them, and
> thought they should be removed in py3k. Last time I checked, he was
> reconsidering because of public outcry, presumably from the Lisp crowd.
>
> The standard reason for getting rid of it is "anywhere you need a
> lambda, you can use a def". In addition to what has been said here,
> there is another one small difference between lambda's and functions,
> which is that when you use def, the object gets a name:
>
> >>> def foo(): pass
> ...
> >>> foo
> <function foo at 0x009D8230>
> #             ^ foo knows its own name
> >>> bar
> <function foo at 0x009D8230>
> #             ^ see ;)
> >>>
>
> Whereas, a lambda has no name; it's "anonymous":
>
> >>> spam = lambda: 1
> >>> spam
> <function <lambda> at 0x009D80F0>
> #             ^ spam has an identity crisis ;)
> >>>
>
> Many people who do not come from Lisp do not understand what the use of
> a lambda is (and I have no idea what the purpose of having a name is).
> Even people who do question whether it belongs in Python. In Lisp,
> lambda's are the way things get done, because you can calculate
> anything using just defines and expressions. This style does not fit
> Python very well, since we do things using statements.
>
> Python's lambda really can't be as powerful as Lisp's because Python
> does not have expressions that do case analysis (this is not lambda's
> fault, of course ;). The reason is that you really want to put each
> case on its own set of lines. This enhances readability at the expense
> of terseness. Since Python's statements are terminated by a newline, it
> would be rather awkward to have a kind of expression where good style
> calls for it to be spread out accross multiple lines.
>
> You can try to simulate these kinds expressions using into a list or
> dictionary, but this becomes rather messy. I think the only way to get
> this done properly is to use eval. For example:
>
> def recursiveFunction(args):
>   ...  # do stuff...
>   choices = { True:"0", False:"recurisveFunction(newArgs)" }
>   return eval( choices[predicate] )
>
> The reason that you need eval is that you want to prevent any cases
> from being executed until you decide which one you want. This stay of
> execution is accomplished by wrapping quotes around our expressions.
> This example illustrates why we really need this kind of behavior,
> because without it, we would fall into an infinite loop. Even if it
> were safe to evaluate all cases, it's a big waste of time to do so.
>
> Lastly, I think there is also a performance concern for certain uses of
> lambda (correct me if I'm wrong). Say you have an expression with a
> lambda in it where you could have used a def. Every time you evaluate
> that expression, you have to construct a new lambda object, which takes
> time. If you had used a def instead, you could hav avoided having to
> construct multiple times.



From daniel.haus at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 17:01:47 2006
From: daniel.haus at gmail.com (Daniel Haus)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 14:01:47 -0700
Subject: for loop question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152219707.588393.108120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

just do:

for a in range(2, foo+1):
    print a

range(a, b) gives [a, a+1, a+2, ..., b-2, b-1]


bruce schrieb:

> hi..
>
> basic foor/loop question..
>
> i can do:
>
>  for a in foo
>   print a
>
> if i want to do something like
>   for a, 2, foo
>     print foo
>
> where go from 2, to foo..
>
> i can't figure out how to accomplish this...
>
> can someone point me to how/where this is demonstrated...
>
> found plenty of google for for/loop.. just not this issue..
> 
> thanks
> 
> -bruce



From http  Mon Jul  3 06:14:16 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 10:14:16 GMT
Subject: Can I do it using python??  about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xwtavatc7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"valpa" <valpassing at gmail.com> writes:
> Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> could start to type command in these xterms.

Have python launch "xterm -e somecommand" for each server.  somecommand
would then be another python script (or whatever) that opens a telnet
connection to that server.  See the xterm docs for more info.

Maybe what you really want is to remotely execute reconfiguration
commands, instead of opening all those xterms to use manually.  See
rsh, ssh, etc.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 14:02:09 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 20:02:09 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
>> Ant enlightened us with:
>>  
>>
>>>     try:
>>>         assertion = callable.is_assertion
>>>     except:
>>>         pass
>>>     
>>
>>
>> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
>> be thrown. Catching everything generally is a bad idea. In this case,
>> my bet is that catching AttributeError is enough.
>>
>>   
> 
> What about doing exception kind of like a C switch statement with a
> default case:
> 
> try:
>  do_something()
> except TypeError:
>  fix_something()
> except:
>  print "Unknown error, you are doomed"
>  traceback.print_exc()  #something to print the traceback
>  exit_gracefully()
> 
> Is this frowned upon?  You still handle the error and you know where it
> happened and what happened.  Anything wrong with this?  I don't like the
> idea of my system crashing for any reason.

It may be a good idea to do something like this *at the top level of the
application*. But take time to carefully read the standard exceptions
hierarchy in the fine manual - you'll notice some exception you perhaps
don't want to catch or at least don't want to display (hint: look for
the warnings hierarchy and for SysExit...)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 06:48:20 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 03:48:20 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
Message-ID: <1153997300.286168.186800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Sibylle Koczian wrote:
> John Machin schrieb:
> >
> > BTW, if the script doesn't contain
> >
> >     base.commit()
> >
> > somewhere, take yourself out to the back lane and give yourself a good
> > thumping :-)
>
> That's not really fair, because transactions were added to MySQL only a
> short time ago (at least to the default table type). There simply hasn't
> yet been time for every experienced MySQL user to get hit by the need to
> commit things.
>

As I said earlier, I don't use MySQL. I wasn't aware it didn't have
transactions -- what did people use it for, then?  So is the upshot is
that he should thump himself for using a DBMS w/o transactions,
perhaps?

Cheers,
John



From ballensr at adelphia.net  Sat Jul 22 19:36:16 2006
From: ballensr at adelphia.net (W. D. Allen)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 16:36:16 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
Message-ID: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>

I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was 
suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience 
programming in Basic but not in Python.

I have two questions:
 1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and
 2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?

Thanks,

WDA
ballensr at adelphia.net

end
 




From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul  4 11:10:28 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:10:28 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gvepdF1oqbgdU1@uni-berlin.de>

> p[j] does not give you a reference to an element inside p.  It gives
> you a new sublist containing one element from p.  You then append a
> column to that sublist.  Then, since you do nothing more with that
> sublist, YOU THROW IT AWAY.

Not correct.

p = [[]]
p[0].append(1)
print p

yields

[[1]]

p[0] _gives_ you a reference to an object. If it is mutable (list are) and
append mutates it (it does), the code is perfectly alright.

I don't know what is "not working" for the OP, but actually his code works
if one replaces the csv-reading with a generated list:

cnt = 0
p=[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]
reader = [["column_%i" % c for c in xrange(5)] for l in xrange(7)]
for line in reader:
    if cnt > 6:
       break
    j = 0
    for col in line:
       p[j].append(col)
       j=j+1
    cnt = cnt + 1
print p


You are right of course that it is the most unpythonic way imaginabe to do
it. But it works.

Diez


From fabiofz at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 07:49:34 2006
From: fabiofz at gmail.com (Fabio Zadrozny)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 08:49:34 -0300
Subject: Pydev 1.2.2 released
Message-ID: <cfb578b20607240449r24ec8e3dt74f9fd99d2c31245@mail.gmail.com>

Hi All,

Pydev and Pydev Extensions 1.2.2 have been released

Details on Pydev Extensions: http://www.fabioz.com/pydev
Details on Pydev: http://pydev.sf.net
Details on its development: http://pydev.blogspot.com


Release Highlights in Pydev Extensions:
-----------------------------------------------------------------

- Added the 'toggle completion type' when Ctrl is pressed in the
code-completion for context-insensitive data

  IMPORTANT:The binding for creating the interactive console and passing
commands to the shell has been changed to Ctrl+Alt+Enter (because Ctrl+Enter
is now used when applying a toggled completion). Details for toggle
completion type: Blog:
http://pydev.blogspot.com/2006/07/improving-code-completion-in-pydev.html

- When getting some definition, if it is defined by an import..from, it
keeps going until the actual token is found
- Duplicated signature is no longer warned inside an if..else
- Mark occurrences bug-fix
- Handling nested 'for' declarations and nested list comprehensions
correctly in code-analysis


Release Highlights in Pydev:
----------------------------------------------

Code Completion

    * Calltips added to pydev
    * The parameters are now linked when a completion is selected (so, tab
iterates through them and enter goes to the end of the declaration)
    * Parameters gotten from docstring analysis for builtins that don't work
with 'inspect.getargspec'
    * Getting completions for the pattern a,b,c=range(3) inside a class
    * Code completion for nested modules had a bug fixed
    * Added the 'toggle completion type' when ctrl is pressed in the
code-completion for context-sensitive data
    * Code-completion works correctly after instantiating a class:
MyClass(). <-- will bring correct completions
    * Code-completion can now get the arguments passed when instatiating a
class (getting the args from __init__)
    * self is added as a parameter in the completion analyzing whether we're
in a bounded or unbounded call
    * Pressing Ctrl+Space a second time changes default / template
completions
      See details on toggling completion mode, cycling through completions
and linked mode (blog:
http://pydev.blogspot.com/2006/07/improving-code-completion-in-pydev.html)

Outline View

    * Added option for hiding comments and imports
    * Persisting configuration
    * Added option for expanding all

Others

    * Possibility of setting pyunit verbosity level (by Darrell Maples)
    * Errors getting the tests to run are no longer suppressed
    * Ctrl+2+kill also clears the internal cache for compiled modules
(especially useful for those that create compiled dependencies).
    * Last opened path remembered when configuring the pythonpath (dialog)

What is PyDev?
---------------------------

PyDev is a plugin that enables users to use Eclipse for Python and Jython
development -- making Eclipse a first class Python IDE -- It comes with many
goodies such as code completion, syntax highlighting, syntax analysis,
refactor, debug and many others.


Cheers,

-- 
Fabio Zadrozny
------------------------------------------------------
Software Developer

ESSS - Engineering Simulation and Scientific Software
http://www.esss.com.br

Pydev Extensions
 http://www.fabioz.com/pydev

Pydev - Python Development Enviroment for Eclipse
http://pydev.sf.net
 http://pydev.blogspot.com
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From Traveler at time.com  Sun Jul 30 17:25:23 2006
From: Traveler at time.com (Traveler)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 21:25:23 GMT
Subject: Smaple of recursive directory walker
References: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>
	<1154199663.309953.88020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<u4dnc21j78j31fj6ud6ndj338lha636ol1@4ax.com>
	<1154290731.742465.207920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <lu8qc2l3nhc17q70dusi4ln6lg5m4t384u@4ax.com>

Thank you very much that is what i was looking for.


On 30 Jul 2006 13:18:51 -0700, "Ant" <antroy at gmail.com> wrote:

>
>Traveler wrote:
>> yes this is great i will work from that but how can i use say a list
>> to pass 10 words?
>>
>> mylist = ['word1','word2','word3','word4']
>...
>> >for root, dirs, files in os.walk('~/mydir'):
>> >    for file in [f for f in files if f.endswith(".txt")]:
>> >        fh = open(file)
>> >        for line in fh:
>> >            # Search for words.
>> >        fh.close()
>
>The following will allow you to search a line of text for one of a list
>of words.
>
>import re
>
>line = "line of text"
>mylist = ["bogus", "text", "here"]
>
>p = re.compile(r"\b(%s)\b" % '|'.join(mylist))
>m = p.search(line)
>if m: print "Found %s" % m.group(1)
>
>Alternatively, the following will give a list of all words in a string
>that appear in the list:
>
>words_found = [word for word in re.split(r"\W+", line) if word in
>mylist]



From eight02645999 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 12:30:48 2006
From: eight02645999 at yahoo.com (eight02645999 at yahoo.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:30:48 -0700
Subject: simulate enumerate in python 2.1
Message-ID: <1152549048.932608.301130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

hi,
i am using python 2.1. Can i use the code below to simulate the
enumerate() function in 2.3? If not, how to simulate in 2.1?
thanks

from __future__ import generators
def enumerate(sequence):
    index = 0
    for item in sequence:
        yield index, item
        index += 1



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Wed Jul 19 08:41:09 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:41:09 +0200
Subject: Using super()
In-Reply-To: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <44BE2865.3010307@designaproduct.biz>

Pupeno ?rta:
> Hello,
> I have a class called MyConfig, it is based on Python's
> ConfigParser.ConfigParser.
> It implements add_section(self, section), which is also implemented on
> ConfigParser.ConfigParser, which I want to call.
> So, reducing the problem to the bare minimum, the class (with a useless
> add_section that shows the problem):
>   
The problem is that ConfigParser.ConfigParser is an old style class. It 
is in the standard library, so I have no clue why. For old style 
classes, you should directly call the ancestor class method.
For new style classes it works just fine:


class ConfigParser(object):
    def add_section(self, section):
        print section, "in ",self.__class__.__name__

class MyConfig(ConfigParser):
    def add_section(self, section):
        super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)

m = MyConfig()
m.add_section("blah")


The output:

blah in  MyConfig



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 06:50:10 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 12:50:10 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr><slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu><44aa35db$0$862$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr><slrneakgtn.8es.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44aa45e1$0$856$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <e8dh58$4e0$1@sea.gmane.org>

Rony Steelandt wrote:

> Yes, this is on windows using winzip
> It says the zip file is not a valid zipfile

make sure you save it to disk before opening it.

</F> 





From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 11:18:49 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 17:18:49 +0200
Subject: Countdown timer for different timezones
References: <1152196930.404368.249580@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.15.18.48.264847@gmx.net>

In <1152196930.404368.249580 at a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, Dirk Hagemann
wrote:

> I'd like to implement a countdown timer on a webite. It should show the
> months, days, hours, minutes and seconds until a given date and time.
> So far it's not really difficult, but this website will be used from
> different time zones, what will make a difference of 10 hours, if I use
> the time-information from the client. The event will take place at one
> fixed moment which is worldwide the same.
> 
> Does anyone know a way to solve this time-zone-problem?

I don't think there's a reliable way to get the time zone information from
the viewer of the website with just HTTP.  So you need a JavaScript
solution I guess.  Send the end time as UTC time to the browser an use
JavaScript's `Date` object to display the countdown in local time.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From oluoluolu at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 20:37:38 2006
From: oluoluolu at gmail.com (alimoe)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 17:37:38 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
Message-ID: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I am interested in coding an app which uses physics and 3d and neural
nets and genetics. Any pointers?



From deets at nospam.web.de  Fri Jul 21 04:07:16 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 10:07:16 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <12bvn5qaiefrt99@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
	<4i7nsbF2j0ofU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bvn5qaiefrt99@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <4ibg9mF30dt0U1@uni-berlin.de>

Ed Jensen schrieb:
> Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
>>> Java is not an acronym.  That is: it's "Java", not "JAVA".
>> Now THAT was an important information RIGHT on topic.
> 
> It was not meant offensively.

Ok.


>>> Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.
>> For somebody nitpicking on natural language usage to a non-native 
>> speaker, you show an impressive lack of knowledge in the actual subject 
>> discussed.
> 
> Again: It was not meant offensively.
> 
> Maybe you can try turning the flames down a bit.

I'll try.

>> http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/11/12/reflection.html
> 
> Does that approach work on sealed jars as well?  I would imagine any
> jars that need any kind of "real" security would be sealed...

Well, lets put it like this: I work for a Java (see, I'm capable of 
learning... :)) shop. We deploy pretty large clustered J2EE thingies. In 
the last five years working there, I never once produced a sealed jar.

And actually the use-case for a sealed jar is to allow _more_ in an 
otherwise restricted environment.

Which puts us to the next question: the sealing itself doesn't do 
anything to restrict the code, the SecurityManager does. Which AFAIK is 
something hooked into the VM. Now, I'm not on sure grounds here on how 
to altere its behaviour, but I'd say if we're talking me working on a 
secure application that introduces its own SecurityManager, I'm still 
the one in control. I could use your lib, turn off privacy, and fiddle 
around.

If things were the other way round, and I'd have to work in a restricted 
context, it actually might be that someone restricted private access 
(because he owns the VM!). But then - he'd also be able to forbid 
threading or file access or all kinds of things that I'd otherwise be 
used to work with which will suddenly make my code burst in flames.

And if we are honest: the most problematic cases of abused code aren?T 
the ones of strangers exploiting your code, but instead your fellow 
coders at the other department. Which most probably means that they 
aren't restrained by security management anyway.

To summarize: it might be possible to jump through a few hoops to 
increase the security. But in 99.9% of cases this doesn't happen, as it 
would increase complexity by orders of magnitude - for a comparatively 
small gain (talking about private declarations. The sandbox-restrictions 
of Java for running applets certainly are worth it).

Diez


From newsreply at old.homeip.net  Thu Jul  6 07:30:24 2006
From: newsreply at old.homeip.net (Martin Renold)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 12:30:24 +0100
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
References: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
	<44aa9ea5@news.uni-ulm.de>
Message-ID: <slrneappi1.mf1.newsreply@tardis-d03.ee.ethz.ch>

* Dennis Benzinger <Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net>:
>  Nomen Nescio wrote:
> > I'm running gpg in python to verify a signature.
> > But I need a way to let the python script know this.

I have written a script to verify signatures using gpg some time
ago, maybe this helps you:

http://old.homeip.net/martin/sigcheck/

bye
Martin



From skip at pobox.com  Mon Jul 17 23:34:35 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:34:35 -0500
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <17596.22219.235025.362502@montanaro.dyndns.org>

    MCI> Look PyHook ( http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/pyHook/1.4 )

    MCI> Oooohhhhh!!!  Sorry! It's for Windows...

That's okay (well, for me anyway).  Watch runs on Windows.  Perhaps someone
with Windows would like to plug pyHook into watch?

Skip


From ddvlad at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 03:38:41 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 00:38:41 -0700
Subject: Getting and Setting Cookies
In-Reply-To: <87wta9ffy9.fsf@reportlab.com>
References: <1153220141.957314.26580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<87fygyzf75.fsf@reportlab.com>
	<1153301146.753200.5970@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<87wta9ffy9.fsf@reportlab.com>
Message-ID: <1153381121.873727.37060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John J. Lee wrote:
> "Vlad Dogaru" <ddvlad at gmail.com> writes:
> [...]
> > I am trying to write a simple login script. I understand (or rather I
> > think I understand) how to set a cookie with the Cookie module. My
> > problem is getting the cookies that are currently set. How can I do
> > that?
>
> You still haven't explicitly said that you're writing server-side
> code.  If you are:
>
> IIRC, you .load() it from the HTTP header value, then you use it as a
> mapping (though, oddly, that seems undocumented, except in the
> "Example" section of the docs).  A working CGI-based example (written
> in a rather retro style for ease of deployment):
>
> http://codespeak.net/svn/wwwsearch/ClientCookie/trunk/cookietest.cgi
>
>
> If you want to iterate over all cookies using module Cookie (that
> script does not), use .keys(), .values() or .items() on your
> SimpleCookie instance (it's also a little odd that instances of class
> SimpleCookie do not represent a single cookie, but a collection of
> cookies).

That's pretty much what I was trying to find out. Thanks for the
pointer.

Vlad



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 15 18:23:37 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 15:23:37 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153002217.758853.86570@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Yi Xing wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #).
> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast
> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.
>
> Yi Xing

I once had to do a lot of random access of lines in a multi gigabyte
log file.  I found that a very fast way to do this was to build an
index file containing the int offset in bytes of each line in the log
file.

I could post the code if you're interested.

Peace,
~Simon



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:11:51 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:11:51 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> I wouldn't waste your time. "A man convinced against his will is of the
> same opinion still", and they already know they aren't interested in
> Python. There are probably many other matters about which they are
> uninformed and equally determined.

Well the thing is that I have to admit I have some stake in this. If
we're using Rails then everybody's starting from 0. Whereas if we're
using Python I already know it so I'll have an easier time :)

Also, those are just two developers. Convincing the big guy, the
decision maker, is a separate matter isn't it?

Do you know of any other arguments, or you do think that for somebody
who really, really doesn't care about which language, either RoR/Ruby
or Django/Python will do just fine?

Cheers
Ray

>
>    http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2005/08/i_changed_my_mi.html
>
> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
> Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From http  Sun Jul 16 07:18:32 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 04:18:32 -0700
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
Message-ID: <7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Boomshiki" <RayLang at gmail.com> writes:
> Now the big issue at hand is how well will I be able to mask my source code? 

Not all that well, but it really doesn't matter.  Someone who sees
what the program does can write another one like it, without seeing
your source code.


From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 08:11:17 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 05:11:17 -0700
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk><uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
Message-ID: <1153224677.268625.130970@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Brian,
You can try the  setdefault method of the dictionary.
For a dictionary D the setdefault work like this:
D.setdefault(k, defvalue). If k not in D then D[k] is set to defvalue
and defvalue is returned.
For example:
In [1]:  d={}
In [2]:  d.setdefault(1,5)
Out[2]:5
In [3]:  d
Out[3]:{1: 5}
In your case you could do something like:

if l[-1].setdefault(a+c, x+e)<x+e:
    l[-1][a+c]=x+e

If a+c not in l[-1] then it the if ... line will set it to x+e and x+e
will be returned, obviously the if ... will fail and the execution will
go on after the if block. If a+c is in l[-1] then if will compare
l[-1][a+c] to x+e.

Also for clarity you might actually want to assign some variables to
a+c and x+e since you repeat them so often. That actually might speed
up your code a little too, but don't do it just for a minor speedup do
it for clarity and simplicity most of all!

Good luck,
Nick Vatamaniuc


Brian Elmegaard wrote:
> Brian Elmegaard <brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk> writes:
>
> At least it was clumsy to post a wrong example.
> This shows what = find clumsy.
>
> c=1
> x=2
>
> l=list()
> l.append(dict())
> l[0][5]=0
>
> l.append(dict())
>
> for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
> ######### Can this be written better?
>     if a+c in l[-1]:
>         if l[-1][a+c]<x+e:
>             l[-1][a+c]=x+e
>     else:
>         l[-1][a+c]=x+e
> #########
>
> print l
>
>
> > Hi
> >
> > I have written the following which works, but I would like to write it
> > less clumsy. I have a dictionary in which I loop through the keys for
> > a dynamic programming algorithm. If a key is present I test if its
> > value is better than the current, if it is not present I just create
> > it. Would it be possible to write it more compact?
> >
> > ###############3
> > c=1
> > s=8
> > x=2
> >
> > l=list()
> > l.append(dict())
> > l[0][5]=0
> >
> > l.append(dict())
> >
> > for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
> >     if a+c<s: ##### Can this improved?
> >         if a+c in l[-1]: #####
> >             if l[-1][a+c]<x+e: #####
> >                 l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
> >             else: #####
> >                 l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
> > print l
> > #####################
> >
> > tia,
> > --
> > Brian (remove the sport for mail)
> > http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
> > Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk
>
> --
> Brian (remove the sport for mail)
> http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
> Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 17 16:52:37 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:52:37 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <1153169097.908319.210440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1153169097.908319.210440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i2bkmF1s5hiU1@uni-berlin.de>

dfaber schrieb:
> So, how would I access /dev/input/ devices?
> Can I just 'cat' them or read in those files?

Yes, just read them. Which is what cat does, btw.

If you cat your keyboard, you should see garbage appearing in the 
terminal when you type any key. Same is true for the mouse.

Diez


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 03:49:39 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:49:39 GMT
Subject: win32com.client.Dispatch - understanding error messages
References: <1153197180.261068.260410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980459C946F09duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

 wrote:

>>>> False
> False
>>>> blah = win32com.client.Dispatch('MSXML2.XMLHTTP')
>>>> blah.open("POST", "12.5.81.49/crg_cbsil_vtest_52/crg.aspx", False)

Does using an absolute URL for the url parameter help any? You've specified 
a relative URL (i.e. the folder 12.5.81.49 under the current location).



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 29 03:29:08 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 09:29:08 +0200
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><Uigyg.11522$rp4.5335@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<12ck56ji9c94579@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <027201c6b2ed$c3912360$03000080@hendrik>

"Grant Edwards" <grante at visi.com> wrote:

| On 2006-07-28, Paul McGuire <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:
| >> ...USING A INFINITE MAGENTIC
| >> FIELD!!!
| >
| > I have a vision of a sweeping magenta fabric rippling through the cosmos.
| >
| > Perhaps a mauvic, cyanic, or even aubergenic field would be more stylish.
|
| depends on what shoes you choose to go with it.
|
| --
| Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My uncle Murray
|                                   at               conquered Egypt in 53
|                                visi.com            B.C. And I can prove
|                                                    it too!!

I find myself in the unenviable position that I can no longer remember the
colour of magic as expressed in Terry Pratchett's books - was it something like
Octarine?

- Hendrik



From luismgz at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 18:29:15 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 15:29:15 -0700
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <hMUsg.2454$No6.49811@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<UkOsg.2452$No6.49783@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152644732.371045.264820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<hMUsg.2454$No6.49811@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1152656955.479621.186000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


John Salerno wrote:
> Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
> > John Salerno wrote:
> >> Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
> >>
> >>> I'm curious, why it didn't work?
> >>> I sent them an email recently, asking about mod_python support, and
> >>> they replied afirmatively, and very quickly. They also said that they
> >>> can install other scripts on demand.
> >>> But I never tried them though...
> >>> I'd like to know more about your experience with this hosting, if
> >>> possible.
> >> Their support was always great, and they tried several things to get it
> >> to work, but I soon got the feeling that although they "support"
> >> mod_python, they didn't really have it set up correctly. They tried
> >> different variations of setting up the proper handlers, but nothing ever
> >> worked for me, whereas other places I've tried with mod_python, it
> >> simply works when you go to a .psp page, for example.
> >>
> >> Perhaps by now they've fixed it. It is certainly cheap enough to give a
> >> shot, and they allow you a few months in which you can cancel and get a
> >> refund.
> >
> > I see.
> > Perhaps the solution to these problems is configuring your handlers as
> > .htaccess in your web folders. This way, you don't need to ask your
> > hosting provider to fiddle with Apache configurations in order to suit
> > your needs.
> > I know by working on my own computer that these configurations are very
> > tricky...
> >
>
> I tried that too, but I just think that something wasn't right on their
> end. Some days I would see certain configurations, and then the next day
> it was gone and then later back again. It was obvious they were changing
> things and adding extra support, but it just never worked for me.
>
> But I do encourage you to try it. You're probably more knowledgeable
> than I am on the subject anyway, and at the least you can get a refund.

Thanks for your comments!
I'll take this hosting service into account for my future website...

Luis



From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul  7 00:33:50 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 21:33:50 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Do6dnSDX2c7GeTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rydnZ2d@comcast.com>


>> I will have to install lighttpd or other web servers.
>
> do that.
>
> If all you need is a webserver there's little reason to have it in
> python. Just use one of the several high quality open source webservers.

If it is a Python web server, it would be nice to extend it by putting code
right into the web server. The performance should be better than FastCGI
because it removes the cost to send the requests/replies back and forth. 




From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Thu Jul 13 13:29:35 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:29:35 -0700
Subject: RedHat: Easiest way to upgrade from Python 2.3 to 2.4
Message-ID: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

My RedHat Linux installation already has Python 2.3 on it.
What is the easiest way to upgrade it to 2.4?

I use ActiveState python in Windows. Is it the best distribution for
Linux as well?

Thank you,
Max



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 17:09:16 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:09:16 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154120956.021115.33960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Daniel Mark wrote:

>
> Also, I list some screen shot from my machine as follows:
>
> C:\Program Files\Python24>cd \
>
> C:\>python

#### Note: *no* error message !!! [or you edited the screen shot]

Hypothesis: there is something called python.exe or python.bat or
whatever somewhere in your path before the c:\program files\python24
[*OR* in the root (c:\) folder!!!]. When run, it does nothing (we
hope!).

Try getting it to mumble something that might reveal its identity, by
typing something like

C:\>python -h
C:\>python /?
C:\>python foo bar zot

Have a look in each of those folders (including the root!!) and see
what you find there. [If I were forced to bet, I'd put my money on
cygwin].
Then either adjust your path or blow away the intruder. If you aren't
sure which is more appropriate, ask.

BTW, most folk got out of the habit of issuing commands at the root
directory level (and keeping files at that level) pretty soon after
MS-DOS 2.0 came out. Following that herd is not such a bad idea :-)

> C:\>"Program Files\Python24\python.exe"
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >>> ^Z
>
>
> C:\>Program\ Files\Python24\python.exe
> 'Program\' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
> operable program or batch file.

#### This is the expected error message.

>
> C:\>python111
> 'python111' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
> operable program or batch file.
>
> It seems that XP know there is python.exe there, but cannot run it
> correctly if
> i use c:\python
>
> The only way works on my machine is to run with full path.
> 
> Maybe there is not solution to this problem:)?



From mirandacascade at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 07:53:26 2006
From: mirandacascade at yahoo.com (mirandacascade at yahoo.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:53:26 -0700
Subject: win32com.client.Dispatch - understanding error messages
In-Reply-To: <Xns980459C946F09duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1153197180.261068.260410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980459C946F09duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1153223606.160437.95430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Duncan Booth wrote:
> wrote:
>
> Does using an absolute URL for the url parameter help any? You've specified
> a relative URL (i.e. the folder 12.5.81.49 under the current location).

I don't know the answer to that question.  I know that when I'm on the
same workstation and I copy/paste the string that is the url parameter
into my browser and press Enter, that a reply appears within the
browser, and that reply has content that suggests that the browser app
was able to 'talk' to an application on the other end.  The error
message being received in reply to the open method make me think that
the open method wasn't able to talk to any app on the other end.  I'm
not sure what can be inferred from that observation other than the url
parameter appears to be valid when it is used in a browser application.



From apriebe47 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 17:59:15 2006
From: apriebe47 at gmail.com (apriebe47 at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 14:59:15 -0700
Subject: Tkinter binding and keyboard hardware settings (WinXP)
Message-ID: <1152568755.620699.111560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I have created a simple canvas in Tkinter to display a number of
PhotoImages, I then bind a key (in my case, <Up>) to start a loop that
plays through a list of PhotoImages to make it an animation of sorts.
What I noticed is, after holding down the key for a certain time, it
would not loop through all 6 animations, instead it would just go
through the first 2 and reset it self. I changed the key bind to
Button-1 and did not encounter this problem. I then went into my
keyboard hardware settings and changed the repeat rate to the longest
delay and the repeat delay to the longest delay. This improved it some
what, but I don't think it is practical to do this everytime I start up
the program. My question is, is there a way to bind a key so as to make
it ignore the keyboard's delay and repeat rate settings? Here's the
code just so you can get an idea:

# GIF Animation Test

from Tkinter import *
from time import sleep

class GIF:
    def __init__(self, root):
        self.root = root
        self.canvas = Canvas(root, bg="white", width=225, height=200)
        self.canvas.pack()
        self.cronoUpImageList =[
         "cronoup1.gif", "cronoup2.gif", "cronoup3.gif",
         "cronoup4.gif", "cronoup5.gif", "cronoup6.gif"]
        self.gifImage = PhotoImage(file=self.cronoUpImageList[0])
        self.cronoDefUp = PhotoImage(file="cronodefup.gif")
        self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100, image=
                                                      self.cronoDefUp)
        self.canvas.bind("<Up>", self.keyboardPrsUp)
        self.canvas.bind("<Down>", self.keyboardRlsUp)

    def keyboardPrsUp(self, event):
        self.canvas.delete(self.drawImage)
        self.counter = 0
        self.killEvent = False
        while self.killEvent != True:
            print self.cronoUpImageList[self.counter]
            self.gifImage =
PhotoImage(file=self.cronoUpImageList[self.counter])
            self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100,
image=
                                                      self.gifImage)
            self.counter = self.counter + 1
            if self.counter > 5:
                self.counter = 0
            self.canvas.update()
            sleep(.05)


    def keyboardRlsUp(self, event):
        self.counter = 0
        self.killEvent = True
        self.canvas.delete(self.drawImage)
        self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100, image=
                                                      self.cronoDefUp)


root = Tk()
root.title("GIF Animation Test")
app = GIF(root)
root.mainloop()



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 04:23:09 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (vatamane at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 01:23:09 -0700
Subject: Immutability
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7574.1151511089.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <e7tbj1$bkv$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<e7u8ta$ep4$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.7574.1151511089.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151742189.434671.107630@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

That is why I don't like the use of @property.  Even though the
decorator is a nice short-hand notation, it is more confusing in my
oppinion.  So someone is more likely still call the property as a
function when looking at:

class C:
   @property
   def data(self):
       return 42

rather than if they saw:

class C:
   def _data(self):
       return 42
   data=property(_data)

I personally I find the second case more readable, even though it is
longer.

-Nick


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Nick Maclaren wrote:
>
> > |> a property looks like an attribute, not a method, so you're trying to call whatever
> > |> your "joe()" method returns.
> >
> > Well, yes, that was pretty obvious - but what was NOT obvious is why it
> > should do that for one of two identical methods.
>
> identical?  you only applied @property to one of the methods, and then you're
> surprised that only one of the methods were turned into a property?
>
> > |> (that's what "a function for getting an attribute value" in the property documentation
> > |> refers to).
> >
> > Well, as joe is an attribute of the class fred, and the decorator is applied
> > to the declaration of joe within fred, I assumed that it referred to getting
> > joe from fred.  That certainly doesn't appear to be the case
>
> @property turns your "joe" method into a getter method for the (virtual) attribute
> "joe".  when you access the attribute, the getter method will be called.  whatever
> that method returns will be the attribute's value.  that's what the documentation
> says, and that's what your code is doing.
> 
> </F>



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:05:22 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:05:22 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154018221.511001.31320@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153985110.526376.18460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154018221.511001.31320@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154019922.130736.150070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Henry wrote:
> If you're sharing things, I would thread. I would not want to  pay the
> expense of a process.

This is generally a false cost.  There are very few applications where
thread/process startup time is at all a fast path, and there are
likewise few where the difference in context switching time matters at
all.  Indeed, in a Python program on a multiprocessor system, process
are potentially faster than threads, not slower.

Moreover, to get at best a small performance gain you pay a huge cost
by sacrificing memory protection within the threaded process.

You can share things between processes, but you can't memory protect
things between threads.  So if you need some of each (some things
shared and others protected), processes are the clear choice.

Now, for a few applications threads make sense.  Usually that means
applications that have to share a great number of complex data
structures (and normally, making the choice for performance reasons
means your design is flawed and you could help performance greatly by
reworking it--though there may be some exceptions).  But the general
rule when choosing between them should be "use processes when you can,
and threads when you must".

Sadly, too many programmers greatly overuse threading.  That problem is
exacerbated by the number of beginner-level programming books that talk
about how to use threads without ever mentioning processes (and without
going into the design of multi-execution apps).



From fcorreia at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 07:17:02 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 04:17:02 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <n7ura2ldl0cgho12ftc069lp8agajnc4s1@4ax.com>
References: <pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>
	<1152200552.730834.187740@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<bbeqa2960m89nc1c6fheflfammkick4r1l@4ax.com>
	<1152206961.838399.113410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<n7ura2ldl0cgho12ftc069lp8agajnc4s1@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152271022.346944.171220@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> If I interpret a short Google search, DB-Library might date back to
> the original Sybase core from which M$ SQL Server was spawned. M$'s site
> recommends /not/ using DB-Library but to use ODBC/OLEDB methods instead
> -- something about ODBC being extensible. Could be confusing if both
> Sybase and M$ SQL Server were on the same machine...
>
> http://www.cs.sfu.ca/CourseCentral/Software/Sybase/DB-LIBRARY/DB-LIBRARY.html
>
> 	Technical details reference Sybase, but the wordy stuff is "SQL
> Server" and "Transact-SQL".

The only reason I still think Pymssql (and therefore, DB-Library) might
be the best option is that, it is the only one I know that is both
cross-platform and free - as in beer and as in freedom. (check, in this
thread, a previous message by Tim Golden)

I searched a bit if there are any OLEDB based python libs and found
this one:
http://pyoledb.datadmin.com/

I'm still not sure if it's cross-platform or not, but It does have a
commercial license, so it's not my first choice for now.



From fho at mailinator.com  Tue Jul  4 09:00:23 2006
From: fho at mailinator.com (Fabian Holler)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 15:00:23 +0200
Subject: regex module, or don't work as expected
Message-ID: <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>

Howdy,


i have the following regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]+(?=(iface)|$)"

If "iface" don't follow after the regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]" the rest of
the text should be selected.
But ?=(iface) is ignored, it is always the whole texte selected.
What is wrong?


many thanks

greetings

Fabian


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 21:34:32 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 18:34:32 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152840872.089433.188610@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Tom Plunket wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
>
> > strings have a count() method.
>
> thanks!
>
> For enrichment purposes, is there a way to do this sort of thing with
> a generator?  E.g. something like:
>
> def SentenceGenerator():
>    words = ['I', 'have', 'been', 'to', 'the', 'fair']
>    for w in words:
>       yield w
>
> message = "%s %s %s %s"
>
> print message % SentenceGenerator()
>
> (I ask because the above doesn't work)?
> -tom!

If you're asking if there's some way that the generator can know how
many formatting fields are in message then the straightforward answer
is no.   At least not without passing the message to the generator for
it to call count() itself, and then you're better off just doing it
without the generator.

(Actually, IIRC, this was discussed quite recently on this list, and
(again IIRC) I think there is some deep voodoo that can do this, but
you're much better off without it.)

FWIW, in your shoes I would use the trick Justin Azoff posted, i.e.:

boiler = 'foo %(modname)s bar %(modname)s baz'

message = boiler % {'modname': modname}


Peace,
~Simon



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 18 11:50:56 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:20:56 +0530
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BD0360.4050100@tachyontech.net>

grebekel at gmail.com wrote:
> The two primary differences between using def and using lambda is that
> lambda is limited to a single expression and def cannot be used within
> another function.

'def' can certainly be used within another function :

def make_adder( delta ) :
    def adder( x ) :
        return x + delta
    return adder

[sreeram;]

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From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Tue Jul 25 17:04:45 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 23:04:45 +0200
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<IPsxg.5213$Cn6.508@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <006801c6b02d$f5037820$0201a8c0@mcuf7>


----- Original Message -----
From: "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Tuesday, July 25, 2006 7:48 PM
Subject: Re: Parsing Baseball Stats


> "Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
> news:mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list at python.org...
> > Hi,
> >
> >       Below your solution ready to run. Put get_statistics () in a loop
> that feeds it the names from your file, makes an ouput file
> > name from it and passes both 'statistics' and the ouput file name to
> file_statistics ().
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Frederic
> >
> What Perlish line noise is this?
>
>     Tag_Stripper = SE.SE('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=" ')
>
> A pyparsing version certainly wont fit in two lines, but at least I'll still
> respect myself in the morning, *and* 6 months from now...  (Unfortunately,
> I'm loath to post the pyparsing program, given the target site's TOS -
> sorry.)
>
> -- Paul

Paul,

I think self-respect is a very essential attitude and I am pleased to know that you value it as much as I do.
      The off topic thus dispatched, let me first express my appreciation or your interest. Next I agree to anything you say about
pyparsing, because I know little about it. Perhaps you will agree that parsing is overkill if you don't need to. Correct me if I'm
wrong, but I have a hunch that HTM tags don't nest. So you can actually strip them with two or three lines of plain python code,
looking at the letters one by one.
      As to my proposal I can only invite you to run my program first and then pass judgment, unlike the clerical Authorities in the
story who steadfastly refused to take a peek through Galileo's telescope, arguing that, since planets didn't have rings, taking a
peek was an exercise of utter futility.
      And do tell me what a TOS is. If I am missing a point it is rather this one. Does it have to do with copyright? How would it
be then if you did your pyparsing demo on a site with a more accommodating TOS?

Regards

Frederic




From http  Tue Jul 11 13:19:22 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 10:19:22 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<mailman.8035.1152635987.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x64i4xdnp.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"K.S.Sreeram" <sreeram at tachyontech.net> writes:
> Java is not the only restricted execution environment around.
> Javascript, as implemented by most browsers, is an excellent lightweight
> restricted execution environment, and there are many browsers which have
> good implementations.

And we hear about browser security bugs all the time, for which the
workaround is "shut off javascript".


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 14:05:07 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:05:07 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154023507.615198.110150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Ah, alright, I think I understand, so threading works well for sharing
> python objects.  Would a scenario for this be something like a a job
> queue (say Queue.Queue) for example.  This is a situation in which each
> process/thread needs access to the Queue to get the next task it must
> work on.  Does that sound right?

That's a reasonable and popular technique. I'm not sure what "this"
refers to in your question, so I can't say if it solves the
problem of which you are thinking.

>  Would the same apply to multiple
> threads needed access to a dictionary? list?

The Queue class is popular with threads because it already has
locking around its basic methods. You'll need to serialize your
operations when sharing most kinds of objects.

> Now if you are just passing ints and strings around, use processes with
> some type of IPC, does that sound right as well?

Also reasonable and popular. You can even pass many Python objects
by value using pickle, though you lose some safety.

>  Or does the term
> "shared memory" mean something more low-level like some bits that don't
> necessarily mean anything to python but might mean something to your
> application?

Shared memory means the same memory appears in multiple processes,
possibly at different address ranges. What any of them writes to
the memory, they can all read. The standard Python distribution
now offers shared memory via os.mmap(), but lacks cross-process
locks.

Python doesn't support allocating objects in shared memory, and
doing so would be difficult. That's what the POSH project is
about, but it looks stuck in alpha.


-- 
--Bryan



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 17:08:37 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:08:37 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> Paul Rubin wrote:
>
> > Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> >> I actually need numbers much larger than 32 bits.

***NOW*** you tell us, after all the stuffing about re 32 bits.

> >
> > What is the max size hex number you need?  What is the application if
> > you don't mind my asking?
>
> Well I am under NDA so I cannot tell you what the application is - I need
> numbers (dec) with up to 24 digits.

So why don't you get a freely available "bignum" package, throw away
the bits you don' t want, and just compile it and use it, instead of
writing your own bug-ridden (see below) routines? Oh yeah, the bignum
package might use "long" and you think that you don't have access to
32-bit longs in the C compiler for the 8-bit device that you mistook
for an arm but then said is an Smc8831 [Google can't find it] with a
CPU that you think is a SC88 [but the manual whose URL you gave is for
an S1C88] ...

>
> As I said, I went the other way - more data on the line (from dev 1 to dev
> 2) - but I feel there is no speed issue at this stage.
>
> Seems to work.

Nothing is what it seems. See below.

>
>
> Regards,
>
> Philippe
>
>
>
> **** PYTHON ******
> l2 = [1,2,3,4]
> l1 = [0,2,5,9]
>
>
> def sup (l1, l2): #assume same length
>     for i in range(len(l1) ):
>         if l1[i] > l2[i]:
>             return 1
>         if l1[i] < l2[i]:
>             return -1
>         return 0
>
>
>
> def add (l1, l2): #assume same length
>     r = []
>     idx =  range (len(l1))
>     idx.reverse()
>     carry = 0
>     for i in idx:
>
>         if l1[i] + l2[i] > 10:

**** SHOULD BE >=
currently add([6, 6], [4, 4] -> [10, 10]

>             carry = 1
>             r.insert(0,(l1[i] + l2[i]) % 10)

*** try - 10 instead of % 10
If the first operand is > 19, you have a bug!
This might save a few CPU cycles on your smartcard

>         else:
>             r.insert(0,l1[i] + l2[i] + carry)
>             carry = 0

**** SHOULD CHECK FOR CARRY AT END
currently add([9], [8]) -> [7]
should return [1, 7] or handle overflow somehow

>     return r
>
>
>
> def sub (l1,l2): #assume same length - sub l1 from l2

*** WHAT HAPPENS IF arg1 > arg2?

>     r = []
>     idx =  range (len(l1))
>     idx.reverse()
>     carry = 0
>     for i in idx:
>         print l1[i] + carry, l2[i]
>         if ((l2[i]) - (l1[i]+carry) < 0) :
>             print 'CARRY'
>             r.insert(0,(((10 + l2[i])  - (l1[i]+carry))))
>             carry = 1
>         else:
>             r.insert(0,(l2[i]) - (l1[i]+ carry))
>             carry = 0
>     return r
>
>
> print sub (l1,l2)
>
> ***** AND AM JUST TESTING IT IN JAVACARD ******

with the bugs in the Python functions carried forward.

>
>    //********************************************************************************
>     public byte CmpD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2,  byte p_len) {
>         byte l_count = (byte)0;
>         for (; l_count < p_len; l_count += 1) {
>             short C = (short)(p_op1[l_count]);
>             short D = (short)(p_op2[l_count]);
>
>             if (C > D) return 1;
>             if (C < D) return -1;
>         }
>
>         return 0;
>
>     }
>     //********************************************************************************
>     public static void SubD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2, byte[] p_dest, byte
> p_len) {
>         byte l_count = (byte)0;
>         byte l_carry = (byte)0;
>         for (l_count = (byte)(p_len - (byte)1); l_count >= (byte)0; l_count
> -= (byte)1) {
>             if ((p_op2[l_count] - (byte)(p_op1[l_count]+l_carry) ) < 0) {
>                 p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  ((byte)10 + p_op2[l_count]) -
> (byte)(p_op1[l_count] + l_carry)) ;
>                 l_carry = (byte)1;
>             }
>             else {
>                 p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  p_op2[l_count] - (byte)(p_op
> [l_count] + l_carry)) ;
>                 l_carry = -(byte)0;

**** MINUS ZERO?

>             }
>         }
>
>     }
>     //********************************************************************************
>     public static void AddD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2, byte[] p_dest, byte
> p_len) {
>         byte l_count = (byte)0;
>         byte l_carry = (byte)0;
>         for (l_count = (byte)(p_len - (byte)1); l_count >= (byte)0; l_count
> -= (byte)1) {
>             if (p_op2[l_count] + (byte)(p_op1[l_count]) > 10) {
>                 p_dest[l_count] = (byte)( ( p_op2[l_count] + p_op
> [l_count] )% 10) ;
>                 l_carry = (byte)1;
>             }
>             else {
>                 p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  p_op2[l_count] + p_op1[l_count] +
> l_carry) ;
>                 l_carry = -(byte)0;

**** MINUS ZERO?
>             }
>         }
>         
>     }



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul 19 08:27:39 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:27:39 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-19, Georg Brandl <g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net> wrote:
> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke wrote:
>> 
>>> I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>> non-computer language):
>>> 
>>> 1. While list, pop.
>>> 
>>> 2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>> 
>>> Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>>> damned.
>>> :)
>> 
>> One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
>> type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary values
>> can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit comparison
>> if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
>
> You can do that, but it's not considered Pythonic. And it might be ineffective.
>
> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
> this?

Because it doesn't always do what I want.

I once had a producer consumer code. When the client asked whether new
items were available the function could return three different values

  1) a list with items, to be consumed
  2) an empty list (meaning there were no items available for the
                    moment but there could be in the future
  3) None (meaning the producer was done)

Just testing for the truth value of the returned result in order
to see whether the client should continue or not would often
have made the client exit prematurely.

IME such cases where testing for the truth value of an object
don't give the expected result, happen often enough to make me
carefully think about what I want to test for and then explicitly
do so.

-- 
Antoon Pardon



From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Wed Jul 12 04:26:20 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:26:20 GMT
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.11.23.52.08.774970@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1cTsg.531610$9z4.12985458@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
	<pan.2006.07.11.23.52.08.774970@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <Mm2tg.532475$AA4.13049961@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

Steven D'Aprano schreef:
> If seq can be None as well as a sequence, doing a test "if len(seq) > 0"
> won't save you because len(None) will fail. You need an explicit test
> for seq being None:
> 
> if seq is not None and len(seq) > 0
> 
> Or even better:
> 
> if seq
> 
> which Just Works regardless of the type of seq.

Yes, true.

I agree that testing in a Boolean context works best in those cases. 
After a good night's sleep I remember why I felt uneasy doing it like 
that: I feel that 'if seq' should be synonym with 'if seq is not None', 
but I can't explain why. No rational reasons I think; it's probably just 
from being used to C and C++ where 'if (p)' in pointer contexts is used 
as synonym for 'if (p != NULL)'.

In general I don't have too many problems using Python idioms instead of 
C or C++ idioms, but apparently sometimes my years of experience in 
these languages sometimes show trough in Python. Luckily my BASIC habits 
have died out long ago.

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 03:42:33 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:42:33 -0700
Subject: MySql
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> HI,
>
> I'm having trouble writing to a MySql db using python and the MySQLdb
> module. Here is the code:
>
> import MySQLdb
> base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> db="test_py")
> cursor = base.cursor()
> cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")

I've never used MySQL but they're all much the same --
"table" is a reserved word. What is "int" supposed to be? That's not
valid SQL AFAIK. Is that exactly what you typed? Or are you coyly
obfuscating?

Try this:
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (42)")
or better,
    somevar = 42
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (?)",
(somevar,))
even better, read the docs and look at the examples :-)


>
> this does not work

... and the error message was ... what? If it's not a state secret, how
about divulging it?


> but the interesting thing is, there is an
> AUTO_INCREMENT
> field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
>                                    auto  table
>                                     1    |    90
>                                     2    |    32
>
> and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> add
> another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
>
> python entries:
>                        auto    table
>                          1    |    90
>                          2    |    32
>                          6    |    47

Evidently it's committed the auto increment before it decides that it
doesn't like your SQL or whatever. Read the warranty card that came
with the autoincrementer gizmoid; you won't find "continuous" or "no
gaps" mentioned anywhere.

> please tell me what i am doing wrong.

Inter alia, not giving enough clear unambiguous info about what your
problem really is.

Cheers,
John



From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Sat Jul 15 11:35:41 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 08:35:41 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152977741.036108.270150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Jack wrote:
> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> user gets to select what modules to install?
>
You might also look at the gumstix embedded system, Linux running on an
ARM processor in an extremely small form factor.
(http://www.gumstix.net/)

And here is a page with a link to a gumstix Python binary:
http://cs.gmu.edu/~eclab/projects/robots/flockbots/pmwiki.php?n=Main.Python

I'm trying this out as soon as I get home!

-- Paul



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 12:19:23 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 09:19:23 -0700
Subject: Activate a daemon several times a day
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7847.1152177756.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7847.1152177756.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152202763.152357.173850@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Yves Glodt wrote:

> while True:
> 	if now(hours) in runat:
> 		act()
> 		sleep(60)
> 	sleep(10)
>

Note that, if "now(hours)" *is* in runat,  this loop will sleep 70
seconds, not 60.  It probably doesn't matter.



From kzuberi at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 16:08:07 2006
From: kzuberi at gmail.com (Khalid Zuberi)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 16:08:07 -0400
Subject: Jythonc Problem
In-Reply-To: <Xns97F68A1AC2C5Eivincenthotmailcom@10.15.188.42>
References: <Xns97F68A1AC2C5Eivincenthotmailcom@10.15.188.42>
Message-ID: <44AACAA7.1030803@gmail.com>

Ian Vincent wrote:
> I cannot find a Jython newsgroup, so apologies in advance if this 
> question has been posted to the wrong group.
> 

Try the jython-users mailing list:

   http://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/jython-users

- kz




From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul  5 15:52:05 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 21:52:05 +0200
Subject: iterate over a series of nodes in an XML file
In-Reply-To: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ac1868$0$26269$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

rajarshi.guha at gmail.com wrote:
> I have an XML file which contains entries of the form:
> 
> <idlist>
>  <myID>1</myID>
>  <myID>2</myID>
> ....
>  <myID>10000</myID>
> </idlist>
> 
> Currently, I have written a SAX based handler that will read in all the
> <myID></myID> entries and return a list of the contents of these
> entries. However this is not scalable and for my purposes it would be
> better if I could iterate over the list of <myID> nodes. Some thing
> like:
> 
> for myid in getMyIDList(document):
>    print myid

You can try lxml 1.1.

http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/lxml/1.1alpha

Some documentation is here:
http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk/doc/api.txt

I haven't tested it, but you should be able to do this:

  from lxml.etree import iterparse
  last = None
  for event, myid in iterparse(document_url, tag="myID"):
       print myid.text
       if last is not None:
           last.getparent().remove(last)
       last = myid

Internally, iterparse builds up a tree, so the last three lines are there to
remove the myid elements from the tree that were already handled. This saves a
lot of memory for large documents.

Stefan


From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 03:15:33 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:15:33 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9naj0$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>

mystilleef wrote:
[...]
> 
> I don't know it's your code not mine.
> 
> class Robust(object):
> 
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> 		# corrupt the whole event system.
> 		self.__is_active = True
> 
> 	def get_is_active(self):
> 		return self.__is_active
> 
> 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> editable")
> 
Let's ignore changes of state for the moment. The mystical difference 
that makes read access via

   some_robust.buffer_is_active()

acceptable and

   some_robust.__is_active

somehow dangerous (ignoring the fact that name_mangling will take place) 
is what?

> 	def monitor_events(self):
> 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> 		return
> 
I'm sure nobody would argue that if close synchronization between 
multiple attributes is required then write accessors are a bad idea. But 
using them unnecessarily just makes your code heavier, slower and less 
easy to maintain.

> See! I'm controlling access. Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> down 27000 lines of code to do it. Also a naive third party won't crash
> my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily. Because in the real
> world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> among other forms of ridicule. And your supposed solution to my problem
> is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active." Ha! And if
> you can't figure out why anyone would do this, then I'm not wasting my
> time here anymore. Someday you'll learn the hard way.
> 
It's way too late. My comments *are* based on engineering experience. 
One day you may realise that unnecessary complexity is a far bigger time 
waster than any imagined problems of direct attribute access. I suspect 
that if you are getting complaints if the nature you describe it's just 
because your software isn't that good.

> Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
> 
> Bye
> 
Really? Promise? I fear we are arguing from different premises.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  2 03:51:16 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 09:51:16 +0200
Subject: Request for addition to Preferences
In-Reply-To: <44a77693$0$79787$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
References: <44a77693$0$79787$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
Message-ID: <e87ttg$lg2$1@sea.gmane.org>

JohnJohnUSA wrote:

> I wasn't sure how to get my request to the appropriate person so I am
> posting it here!

> When I log in to this site

what site ?

> I normally want to go to the Python forum.

what forum ?  this is the comp.lang.python newsgroup, which is also 
available as a mailing list hosted by python.org:

     http://www.python.org/community/lists/

if the terms "mailing list" and "newsgroup" are new to you, please see:

     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup

</F>



From hanumizzle at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 18:48:36 2006
From: hanumizzle at gmail.com (hanumizzle at gmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 15:48:36 -0700
Subject: Dive Into Python -- Still Being Updated?
Message-ID: <1153608516.070145.254800@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I find Dive Into Python generally an excellent text, and I am not
surprised to see people recommending it...but I have noticed a few
errors already:

http://diveintopython.org/getting_to_know_python/indenting_code.html

The function called fib (presumably short for Fibonacci) appears to
produce factorials. Anyway, 'fib' should really be called 'hem'. :)

http://diveintopython.org/native_data_types/tuples.html#odbchelper.tuplemethods

I think tuples have methods, na?

hanumizzle at debian:~$ python
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Jun 20 2006, 11:52:59)
[GCC 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print "\n".join(dir(tuple))
__add__
__class__
__contains__
__delattr__
__doc__
__eq__
__ge__
__getattribute__
__getitem__
__getnewargs__
__getslice__
__gt__
__hash__
__init__
__iter__
__le__
__len__
__lt__
__mul__
__ne__
__new__
__reduce__
__reduce_ex__
__repr__
__rmul__
__setattr__
__str__
>>>



From heuristic at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 04:49:43 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:49:43 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <e8d98q$b8a$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44A9D99A.50705@anansispaceworks.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607040116r223b3d6cvaee52b4c784f87c9@mail.gmail.com>
	<e8d98q$b8a$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607040149j24b28a8dxad7d7bc77a07952f@mail.gmail.com>

Yes, I searched but couldn't find anything. Maybe I wasn't searching
for the right things / in the right places.

I admit I'm more used to forums than mailing lists, but I always make
some effort to search.

On 7/4/06, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> but you did search the library reference TOC and/or the index for "database" before
> you posted, and found that the "persistent dictionary" stuff in there weren't databasish
> enough, right ?
>


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 08:38:21 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:38:21 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152433925.983456.117800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152433925.983456.117800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b0f775$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Paddy a ?crit :
> Frank Millman wrote:
> 
>>Paddy wrote:
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
>>>int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
>>>explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
>>>similar circumstances.
>>>
>>
>>With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
>>deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
>>get Unbound Local Error.
>>
>>With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to, as it
>>is mutable. Therefore Python looks in the global namespace, finds n
>>there, and uses it successfully.
>>
>>My 2c
>>
>>Frank Millman
> 
> So, to paraphrase to test my understanding:
> 
> in the statement: ' n[0] = n[0] + 1' it is the object referenced by the
> name n that is being assigned to rather than n itself, so n is not
> 'tagged' as a local variable by the LHS of the assignment.

Nope. You got it plain wrong - cf my answer to Frank in this thread.

> 
> Thanks Frank. all is is now clear :-)

It is obviously not.



From ark at acm.org  Tue Jul 25 08:54:08 2006
From: ark at acm.org (Andrew Koenig)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:54:08 GMT
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Qvoxg.465373$Fs1.401767@bgtnsc05-news.ops.worldnet.att.net>

<ryanshewcraft at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153831615.862051.98850 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...

> class MultipleRegression:
>    def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
>        self.dbh = dbh
>        self.regressors = regressors
>
> and I want to be able to enter regressors as a list like
> MultipleRegression(dbh, [1,2,3,4], 5).  But when I do this only the 1
> gets passed to regressors and thus to self.regressors.

Really?

    class MultipleRegression:
        def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
            self.dbh = dbh
            self.regressors = regressors
    foo = MultipleRegression(42, [1,2,3,4], 5)
    print foo.regressors

prints [1,2,3,4]

Try it and see.




From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 04:40:29 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 01:40:29 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154119781.060338.248940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154098043.199448.16850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154103878.043569.309120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154119781.060338.248940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154335229.278034.226080@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Paul Boddie wrote:
> Ben Sizer wrote:
> >
> > Even C++ comes with OpenGL in the standard library.
>
> Which standard library?

Sorry, it was a long day, and I used entirely the wrong term here. By
that, I meant "typically shipped with each compiler". I've never had to
even install a development library to use OpenGL, whether under Win32
or Linux. It's just a typical part of the distribution.

> [Web-SIG standardisation]
> > And I always thought that WSGI was solving the wrong problem. It
> > certainly didn't go very far towards meeting the expressed goals of the
> > Web-SIG. Oh well.
> > <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/web-sig/2004-August/000650.html>
>
> There are some remarks just after that message about the SIG charter
> needing to change or having become irrelevant, but in fact the need for
> standard functionality is as relevant today as ever. At a slightly
> higher level, everyone would now prefer that you buy into their total
> "full stack" solution, perhaps with the exception of the Paste
> developers whose selection of packages either suggest a problem of
> internal framework proliferation or one of a lack of coherency in
> presenting a suitable solution to the casual inquirer.

Yeah. On the server side I think there's been a sad lack of attention
to the large middle ground that lies between simple CGI scripting and
full stack solutions. In fact, I'd guess that the majority of web sites
fall into that middle ground, just perhaps not the most interesting or
financially lucrative ones. Examples might be things like the various
PHP forums, or web-based non-real-time games. These applications are
complex enough to deserve a decent implementation language such as
Python, yet simple and small enough that most users won't want to set
up dedicated hardware for the purpose. I think there's definitely scope
in the standard library to go well beyond the current cgi module and
the piecemeal offerings in other modules, without needing to provide
another integrated web stack.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 08:34:44 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:34:44 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Ant wrote:
> We seem to be flogging a dead horse now. Is the following a fair
> summary:
>
> Q. What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters?
>
> A. Use attributes.
>
> Quote: "I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
> names"
>
> Wisdom: Python is a different paradigm from (e.g.) Java w.r.t.
> accessors: Put the effort you would have put into choosing accessor
> names into choosing attribute names.
>
> Anything else to add to this? Or can it be put to bed?

Here are the lessons I've learned (the hard way).

1) Make all attributes of a class private or protected. You can make
them public later if need be. If anyone tells you making attributes
private/protected is not Pythonic ignore them. You'll thank me when
your code base grows.
2) If a data attribute might likely be an API, think about controlling
access to via "properties". That's the pythonic way to implement
accessors and mutators

I guess people who've done medium to large scale programming in Python
already know this.



From http  Mon Jul 24 05:16:22 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 02:16:22 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<1153582976.746036.312330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<ea1tv4$coh$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <7xhd17tlax.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> writes:
> > Python has no threadicide method, and its absence is not an
> > oversight. Threads often have important business left to do, such
> > as releasing locks on shared data; killing them at arbitrary times
> > tends to leave the system in an inconsistent state.
> 
> Perhaps another reason to avoid threads and use processes instead?

If the processes are sharing resources, the exact same problems arise.


From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sun Jul 16 11:50:24 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 15:50:24 GMT
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8225.1153047793.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>	<mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>	<Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
	<mailman.8225.1153047793.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4ftug.1588$WF6.578@trndny06>

skip at pobox.com wrote:
>     Chris> Yeah, "import readline" works just fine. My problem isn't hard to
>     Chris> replicate. Can anyone else on Linux get command history to work
>     Chris> with the following code? Note, it should be saved and run from a
>     Chris> file.
> 
> Command history across sessions or just command recall from the current
> session?  On my Mac your script works just fine for me (no import readline
> as Robert Kern indicated in his reply) to do command recall from the the
> current session, but more is needed if you expect to get command history
> across sessions.

I was just looking for recall in the current session, although the 
stdlib docs have an example of recall across sessions ( 
http://docs.python.org/lib/readline-example.html ).

On Linux, it seems you have to explicitly import readline in order to 
get command history, although my application was also redirecting 
sys.stdout, which was also causing problems.


From barry at python.org  Fri Jul  7 00:02:07 2006
From: barry at python.org (Barry Warsaw)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 00:02:07 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <33514.72.177.126.107.1152208601.squirrel@mail.his.com>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>
	<0163A9DF-2CEB-48BE-B301-B9F760E14A50@python.org>
	<33514.72.177.126.107.1152208601.squirrel@mail.his.com>
Message-ID: <6D5A4C49-8829-41E6-9267-E656E5D3D8C3@python.org>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Jul 6, 2006, at 1:56 PM, Brad Knowles wrote:

> Barry said:
>
>> We should certainly do everything we can to make sure that Richard's
>> ht:dig solution is nearly trivial to integrate, but I'm not sure we
>> should distribute it with Mailman.
>
> Sorry, I guess I wasn't clear -- I just meant for him to look at both
> Python and non-Python solutions, before deciding what was going to  
> be done
> and how.
>
> I wasn't advocating the incorporation of ht:dig itself into the  
> stuff we
> ship.  At least, I didn't mean for it to come off that way.

Cool, +1
- -Barry

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From cdsmith at twu.net  Tue Jul 11 13:35:32 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:35:32 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
	<MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
	<1152635490.527372.51150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1d8f46483dc014989786@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> > Going back to my
> > handy copy of Pierce's book again, he claims that range checking is a
> > solved problem in theory, and the only remaining work is in how to
> > integrate it into a program without prohibitive amounts of type
> > annotation.
> 
> This is in TAPL? Or ATTPL? Can you cite it a bit more specifically?
> I want to reread that.

It's TAPL.  On further review, I may have done more interpretation than 
I remembered.  In particular, the discussion is limited to array bounds 
checking, though I don't see a fundamental reason why it wouldn't extend 
to other kinds of range checking against constant ranges as we've been 
discussing here.

Relevant sections are:

Page 7 footnote: Mentions other challenges such as tractability that 
seem more fundamental, but those are treated as trading off against 
complexity of annotations; in other words, if we didn't require so many 
annotations, then it might become computationally intractable.  The next 
reference better regarding tractability.

Section 30.5, pp. 460 - 465: Gives a specific example of a language 
(theoretical) developed to use limited dependent types to eliminate 
array bounds checking.  There's a specific mention there that it can be 
made tractable because the specific case of dependent types needed for 
bounds checking happens to have efficient algorithms, although dependent 
types are intractable in the general case.

I'm afraid that's all I've got.  I also have come across a real-life 
(though not general purpose) languages that does bounds checking 
elimination via these techniques... but I can't find them now for the 
life of me.  I'll post if I remember what it is, soon.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From M_Mann at artenom.com  Sat Jul  8 07:58:00 2006
From: M_Mann at artenom.com (M_Mann at artenom.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 04:58:00 -0700
Subject: Pls excuse if you consider this off-topic. Conceptual artists seek
	programmers here.
Message-ID: <1152359880.849150.156960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

Pls excuse if you consider this off-topic. Conceptual artists seek
programmers here.

We are authors of "Exhibition of Living Managers" (MANAGEX,
www.managex.info) which is is global conceptual art project, performed
in world's leading contemporary art centres. Art objects at MANAGEX are
real employed managers, who volunteer to exhibit themselves in a galery
setting. Our new project is  "Exhibition of Living Programmers"
(PROGRAMEX), which is similar to MANAGEX but focusing on professional
programmers.

Managex' official website is www.managex.info. We have also just opened
a Google Group here on Managex project:
http://groups.google.com/group/Exhibition-of-Living-Managers-MANAGEX,
where you are welcome to register and participate. Once we have
substantial number of interested programmers, we will open a dedicated
group on Programex.

Hope to hear from you and see you at Programex. Again, sorry if this
posting disturbed anybody.

Best, 

MANAGEX / PROGRAMEX team www.managex.info



From grante at visi.com  Thu Jul  6 17:41:38 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 21:41:38 -0000
Subject: for loop question
References: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152219707.588393.108120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ar0sid4bb2642@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-06, Daniel Haus <daniel.haus at gmail.com> wrote:

>> i can do:
>>
>>  for a in foo
>>   print a
>>
>> if i want to do something like
>>   for a, 2, foo
>>     print foo
>>
>> where go from 2, to foo..

> just do:
>
> for a in range(2, foo+1):
>     print a

Except that in the OP's example foo was a sequence, not an
integer.  I think.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  You can't hurt
                                  at               me!! I have an ASSUMABLE
                               visi.com            MORTGAGE!!


From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:19:16 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:19:16 -0700
Subject: Checking File permissions
Message-ID: <1153401556.498611.244160@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
permission to the file using python script

Thanks for ur inputs

Anoop



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 04:14:06 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 01:14:06 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Maric Michaud wrote:
> Not python developers.
Nonsense!
> But that's not python philosophy.
Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.

> But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
> method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
does that solve my naming issues.
> And in python the reverse can be true :
The reverse is hardly ever true. 90% of public APIs in almost all
languages are methods or functions.



From john at castleamber.com  Tue Jul 18 18:56:10 2006
From: john at castleamber.com (John Bokma)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 22:56:10 GMT
Subject: need help getting xml feed from a url
References: <1153255587.490673.274050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9804B67437730castleamber@130.133.1.4>

"Shan" <Shani718 at gmail.com> wrote:

> If i have a list of urls how can I extract or pull their respective xml
> feeds?

What have you tried so far?

-- 
John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
                           personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
        Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
            Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


From pupeno at pupeno.com  Wed Jul 26 17:50:03 2006
From: pupeno at pupeno.com (Pupeno)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:50:03 +0000
Subject: Worarrounding hardcoded Option class in optparse in Python 2.3
Message-ID: <44c7e381$0$22015$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Hello,
I am doing some extreme use of optparse, that is, extending it as explained
on
http://docs.python.org/lib/optparse-other-reasons-to-extend-optparse.html
I have subclassed OptionParser and Option. MyOptionParser uses MyOption as
option_class and in Python 2.4 it works. But I have to target Python 2.3.
In Python 2.3 the help and version options seem to be created before even a
parser is created and they are created using a hardcoded call to Option.
So, they are not using MyOption. I am creating MyOption specifically for
the help and version Option so I need the to be MyOption.
I check out the documentation of this module for Python 2.3 and it
recommends the same procedure:
http://www.python.org/doc/2.3/lib/optparse-extending-other-reasons.html
Is this a bug in Python 2.3 that was solved in 2.4 and nobody cared to
backport ?
At any rate, what are my options (no pun intended) ?
I could copy and paste the fix[1] from Python 2.4 into MyOptionParser; I
checked it carefull and it seems it would work, but I am not sure, does
anybody know ?
Should I override the hardcoded module variables of optparse in 2.3 ? (that
seems like a bad, bad idea).
I am open to suggestions.
Thanks.
-- 
Pupeno <pupeno at pupeno.com> (http://pupeno.com)

[1] That would be:

    def _add_help_option(self):
        self.add_option("-h", "--help",
                        action="help",
                        help=_("show this help message and exit"))

    def _add_version_option(self):
        self.add_option("--version",
                        action="version",
                        help=_("show program's version number and exit"))

    def _populate_option_list(self, option_list, add_help=True):
        if self.standard_option_list:
            self.add_options(self.standard_option_list)
        if option_list:
            self.add_options(option_list)
        if self.version:
            self._add_version_option()
        if add_help:
            self._add_help_option()



From barry.j.kelly at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 01:22:11 2006
From: barry.j.kelly at gmail.com (Barry Kelly)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 06:22:11 +0100
Subject: size of an array..
References: <mailman.7699.1151813197.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <sulea2p7k4nuh06ub6ugm5j8ortju7t1o8@4ax.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> from the "for label in d.xpath", i assume that "d.xpath" is returning
> multiple strings/objects/etc... and that label is assigned to the next
> "element during the loop.
> 
> is there a way to determine the number of elements in "l", or the number of
> iterations for the "for loop" prior to running it...
> 
> the tutorials i've seen as of yet haven't mentioned this..

Have you tried len(object)?

-- Barry

-- 
http://barrkel.blogspot.com/


From shannah at sfu.ca  Fri Jul 21 19:30:18 2006
From: shannah at sfu.ca (Steve Hannah)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 16:30:18 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Application Generators
In-Reply-To: <1144770265.241893.115810@j33g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1143917722.208117.223790@e56g2000cwe.googlegroups.com>
	<1144770265.241893.115810@j33g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <5441842.post@talk.nabble.com>


I know that this is an older thread, but I came across it on Nabble.com. 
Just wanted add some updated info on Walter's observations about Dataface
(http://fas.sfu.ca/dataface) .  It is much further along in development now
and it does support authentication now. 

Just wanted to follow this up in case people come across this post.

Best regards

Steve Hannah

walterbyrd-2 wrote:
> 
> In case anybody is interested, here is an update on my reviews for code
> generators:
> 
> AppGini & PHPMagic. ($35 - $70) Cheap and easy to use,   but not very
> functional. Okay if you are making flat-file, unsecure, CRUD. No
> authentication. No real relational functionallity. No event triggers.
> 
> PHPRunner. ($199). Some authentication, but only one level. Some
> relational capabilities, not great. Event triggers. Fairly easy to use,
> but if you want to relate two or  more tables, you have to hand code
> the sql, which sort of defeats the purpose.
> 
> dbQwikSite ($140 - $200). Slow and diffecult to work with. In fact, I
> couldn't get it to work at all.
> 
> dataface (free). Interesting new project. Huge potential. But, not
> really completed yet. Relational capabilities, and has event triggers.
> No authentication yet. Not easy to work with.
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 
> 
-- 
View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/Application-Generators-tf1380271.html#a5441842
Sent from the Python - python-list forum at Nabble.com.



From antroy at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:33:16 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:33:16 -0700
Subject: mod_python fails to load under wamp
In-Reply-To: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152538396.455330.233370@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


> "The Apache service named Apache.exe reported the following error:
> >>> Cannot load c:/wamp/apache/modules/mod_python.so into server: (126) The specified module could not be found: <<<
>  before the error.log file could be opened."

I have just had a similar problem (same error message), not with
mod_python, but with another apache module. It turned out that the
latest version of XAMPP (the lamp-type stack distribution I'm using)
bundled Apache 2.2, where the module was only compatible with Apache
2.0 or earlier. I guess they must have changed the module interface in
2.2. Anyway, I solved the problem by downgrading to Apache 2.0.

Sounds like a similar problem here - I'll bet WAMP bundles Apache 2.2.



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul  4 01:38:06 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 05:38:06 -0000
Subject: a question about "return"
References: <1151982728.154138.20310@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ajvlu4sur1756@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-04, yaru22 <yaru22 at gmail.com> wrote:

> What does it mean to have nothing after return?

It means to return None.

> Why do we even include "return" if we are not putting any
> value after?

If it's the last statement in the function, you don't need it.
Some people do it just as a formal indicate that that's the end
of the function.

OTOH, sometimes people want to return explicitly from somewhere
within the function:

def foo(x):
    if x<0:
        return
    else:
        whatever    

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Two with FLUFFO,
                                  at               hold th' BEETS...side of
                               visi.com            SOYETTES!


From thomasbartkus at comcast.net  Tue Jul 18 16:27:44 2006
From: thomasbartkus at comcast.net (Thomas Bartkus)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:27:44 -0500
Subject: No need to close file?
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>


"T" <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1153252214.457508.269880 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
>
> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>   print line

Are you asking if you can get away without closing it?
Or are you asking if it is a good idea to not close it?

Good programming practice says that if you open it - you close it.

And stay out of trouble ;-)
Thomas Bartkus




From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul  4 18:29:49 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 00:29:49 +0200
Subject: missing feature classes and missing fields
In-Reply-To: <klCpg.513989$le3.12797996@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
References: <200607010642.MAA21799@WS0005.indiatimes.com>
	<mailman.7691.1151774664.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<klCpg.513989$le3.12797996@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
Message-ID: <44aaeab8$0$29886$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Roel Schroeven a ?crit :
(snip)
> AFAIK, shape files are files with geospatial information used by ESRI 
(snip)
> But I still can't answer the question. I don't even know if there's a 
> way for python to read shape files.

There's of course a way to read files in Python - look at the 
open(<path> [,<mode>]) builtin function.

Now if you meant parsing, as long as there's an accurate definition of 
the file format, then it should be possible to write a Python parser for 
it.



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Thu Jul 13 16:31:39 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 13:31:39 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152822699.790740.49150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

It looks like homework. Sometimes the simpler code is better:

def splitter(seq):
    if not seq:
        return []
    result = []
    current = [seq[0]]
    for pos, el in enumerate(seq[1:]):
        if el - current[-1] > 1:
            result.append(current[:])
            current = []
        current.append(el)
    result.append(current)
    return result

print splitter([1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12])
print splitter([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 6])
print splitter([1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1])
print splitter([1, 2, 3])
print splitter([1])
print splitter([])
print splitter([1.0, 1.1, 1.99, 4.01])
print splitter([1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.01])

To reduce memory used you can use islice instead of the slice seq[1:]
If you want something less easy to understand, you can try fixing the
following code that doesn't work:

from itertools import groupby
l = [1,2,3,5,6,8,12]
keyf = lambda (pos,x): x-l[pos]>1
[[el[1] for el in gr] for he,gr in groupby(enumerate(l[:-1]), keyf)]

Bye,
bearophile



From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul 24 23:12:52 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 23:12:52 -0400
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <20060725031252.29014.1230549633.divmod.quotient.53017@ohm>

On Tue, 25 Jul 2006 02:49:06 GMT, Steve Jobless <sjobless at rotten.apple.commie> wrote:
>Hi,
>
>I just started learning Python. I went through most of the tutorial at
>python.org. But I noticed something weird. I'm not talking about the
>__private hack.
>
>Let's say the class is defined as:
>
>  class MyClass:
>    def __init__(self):
>      pass
>    def func(self):
>      return 123
>
>But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
>
>  x = MyClass()
>  x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
>
>or even:
>
>  x.func = 789
>
>After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.
>
>Are these bugs or features? If they are features, don't they create
>problems as the project gets larger?

If you do things like this, you will probably encounter problems, yes.

Fortunately the solution is simple: don't do things like this ;)

It is allowed at all because, to the runtime, "x.someattr = someval" is
no different from "self.someattr = someval".  The fact that a different
name is bound to a particular object doesn't matter.

Jean-Paul


From girodt at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 10:19:29 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 07:19:29 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <slrnebn4ni.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn4ni.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>
Message-ID: <1153145969.854053.55870@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Ben C wrote:
> On 2006-07-17, TG <girodt at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Hi there.
> >
> > Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
> >
> > * A is an array of shape (n,)
> > * X is a positive float number
> > * B is an array of shape (n,)
> > * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
> >
> > A.X - B = O
> > min(X)
>
> Are we solving for A, B or X?  And what do you mean by min(X)?
>
> If we're solving for X there will be many combinations of A and B for
> which there is no solution.

Sorry for the poor explanation. I'm trying to put it clear now.

i've got A and B. I'm looking for X. I made a mistake in my equation
:-/

It's more like :

A.X - B >= O

Well, maybe it will be much more simple if I explain the underlying
problem :

I have an array of N dimensions (generally 2).
- A first calculation gives me a set of integer coordinates inside this
array, which I will call the point W.
- After several other calculations, I've got a set of coordinates in
this N dimensional space that are floating values, and not bound to the
limits of my original N-array. This is the point L.

What I want to do is to translate the point L along the vector LW in
order to get a point L' which coordinates are inside the original
N-dimensional array. Then it will be easy to get the closest integer
coordinates from L'.


I'm not sure this is clear ... pretty hard to talk about maths in
english.



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 05:33:08 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 02:33:08 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

Thanks for the responses. The reason I want to change the name of the
attribute is because it doesn't reflect the purpose of the attribute,
anymore. The attribute was originally a string object, but not anymore.
It is primarily a readability issue. There are also a few key
attributes I don't want developers, including myself, fiddling with.
Properties /accessors are good because they allow you to encapsulate
attributes so you can change implementations at will. Some of you have
argued I would have needed to change accessor names too if I had
misnamed them earlier. It's hard to say. I find myself changing the
names of attributes a lot more frequently than I do functions or
methods. Choosing a crappy attribute name is effortless for me,
especially during intense coding sessions. I usually realize I've
choosing a crappy attribute name the next day, sometimes even later.
However, I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
names, especially when I know it may likely be a public API. Plus it's
really hard to choose crappy accessor name. 

Regards



From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 09:07:52 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:07:52 -0700
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1hirltp.k05a7z18fcxljN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
	<1153302668.248056.118140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirltp.k05a7z18fcxljN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1153746472.423878.43630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> What framework (if any) is your Visual C++ code using?  If it's using
> wxWidgets (the framework underlying wxPython) I very much doubt that it
> can be a few kilobytes -- unless the wxWidgets DLL is already installed
> on the target machines so that it doesn't need to be packaged together
> with the application code.

Sure, I meant without wxWidgets.

> The easy solution is to compare apples with apples: if, in your
> application space, it is crucial to use only DLLs that are already
> installed on the target machines, you can do that from Python (with
> ctypes, for example) just as you can from C.

But even that is sadly not practical, since the Python DLL alone is
about 30 times the size of a tiny app like Notepad (for example).

> What generally happens in the real world is rather different:
> applications get programmed in whatever language and release/version is
> handy, and the runtimes are separately offered for download and install
> to those users who have not yet installed any previous application using
> the same language and release/version.

The real world is a big and diverse place, and I assure you that my
applications are no less real than your own! :)  Sometimes you simply
cannot pick a language and version at leisure and expect everybody to
install whatever is required. There are some things - casual
entertainment products for example, or one-shot system checking tools,
etc - where people are reluctant to install anything at all, and will
not bother if they see a 6MB download.

I wasn't saying this was a problem with Python - though I do expect
that .dll could be trimmed down a bit - but it is a bit of a shame that
I can't easily distribute something less than 1MB in size using Python.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 05:17:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:17:02 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

PTY wrote:
> Bob Greschke wrote:
> 
>><rurpy at yahoo.com> wrote in message
>>news:1153168968.995422.198360 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
>>
>>>PTY wrote:
>>>
>>>>Which is better?
>>>>
>>>>lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>>>
>>>>while lst:
>>>>  lst.pop()
>>>>
>>>>OR
>>>>
>>>>while len(lst) > 0:
>>>>  lst.pop()
>>>
>>>A dozen posts, but nobody has posted the right
>>>answer yet, so I will :-)
>>>
>>>It doesn't matter -- use whichever you prefer (*)
>>>This is an angels on the head of a pin issue.
>>>
>>>(*) -- If your code is part of an existing body of
>>>code that uses one or the other style consistently,
>>>then you should do the same.
>>>
>>
>>I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>non-computer language):
>>
>>1. While list, pop.
>>
>>2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>
>>Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be damned.
>>:)
>>
>>Bob
> 
> 
> 
> It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  

Nope, there are two crowds: those who RTFM, and those who don't.

> I thought terse
> is perl style and verbose is python style.

s/terse/cryptic/
s/verbose/readable/

Python is much more readable than Java because it's *less* verbose than
Java.

>  BTW, lst = [] was not what
> I was interested in :-) 

Nor is it the correct functional equivalent of your code snippet.

> I was asking whether it was better style to
> use len() or not.

The idiomatic solution is clearly derivable from Python's language
documentation : in a boolean context, empty lists (etc...) eval to
False. FWIW, it's also more generic (you could have an object supporting
pop() but not __len__()), less error-prone, and can allow optimisations
(a container may know that it is empty without computing it's length).


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 28 14:36:53 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:36:53 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8640.1154047707.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c9b5d4$0$30124$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8663.1154097730.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<u6dkc2575r2ferfl8hst0f1gnik12f4nkd@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrneckma5.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-28, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:

> 	Hmmm, I've not followed the PEPs -- has any thought been given to
> unifying class/instance and dictionary notation so that
>
> 		a['b']
> and
> 		a.b

If that is what you want, you could use the following class:

class Unified(object):
     def __init__(__, **kwargs):
         for key,value in kwargs.items():
             setattr(__, key, value)

     def __getitem__(self, key):
         return getattr(self, key)

     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
         setattr(self, key, value)


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 05:34:12 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 11:34:12 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9kslh$lmn$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44bcaa47$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9kslh$lmn$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44bf4e15$0$31665$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <44bcaa47$0$18293$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
> wrote:
> 
> 
>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>
>>>In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke
>>>wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>>>non-computer language):
>>>>
>>>>1. While list, pop.
>>>>
>>>>2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>>>
>>>>Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>>>>damned.
>>>>:)
>>>
>>>
>>>One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a
>>>Boolean type, even if it doesn't.
>>
>>Python has a boolean type.
> 
> 
> A _proper_ boolean type would _have_ to be used in conditionals.

Try using something that cannot be fed to bool() into a conditional.

> 
>>>That means, never assume that arbitrary values
>>>can be interpreted as true or false,
>>
>>There's nothing to assume, and nothing arbitrary in it.
>> It's all clearly
>>defined in whole letters in the language references.
> 
> 
> Not simply enough.

Then it's a documentation problem.

> 
>>>always put in an explicit comparison
>>>if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
>>
>>The fact that the expression is used in the context of a if statement is
>>clearly enough to denote a boolean expression.
> 
> 
> Which is an inconsistent use of the term "boolean" compared to your
> statement above that "Python has a boolean type", is it not?

No. It is not. A boolean expression is an expression you can pass to
bool().

> 
>>Explicitly testing against a boolean is uselessly redundant...
> 
> 
> Not sure this has anything with what I was saying.

You said:
"""
>>>always put in an explicit comparison
>>>if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
"""

Since the expression following an if will be handled as if passed to
bool() [1], adding a comparison to True will yield a strictly equivalent
result (True == True => True, False == True => False). From a boolean
logic POV, it's a no-op [2]. So it's useless and redundant.


[1] FWIW, it may be just how it works - I've not checked implementation.
Anyway you can easily verify by yourself that it works the same way.

[2] but it still requires extra work from the interpreter - without
changing anything to the result of the test.

FWIW, what would you rather use:

if <some_exp> == True:
  return True
elif <some_exp> == False:
  return False
else:
  raise "???"

or:

return bool(<some_exp>)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Thu Jul 13 11:55:59 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:55:59 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152786606.520310.274670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152784679.897537.105720@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8107.1152785580.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152786606.520310.274670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152806159.309099.219050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


mystilleef wrote:
> Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> > "mystilleef" wrote:
> >
> > > Pretending to be intelligent does, however.
> >
> > so the real reason you've written a few hundred posts saying basically "I pick
> > bad names, which proves... uh... whatever" is to impress people by pretending
> > to be something you're not ?
> >
> > </F>
>
> Choosing bad identifiers is not a measure of intelligence. Given your
> standing in the Python community, I expect more from you. If your only
> contribution to this thread is snide and derisive remarks,

Which, excepting silence, is the best response a troll.


Carl Banks



From subramanian2003 at indiatimes.com  Sun Jul 30 23:22:11 2006
From: subramanian2003 at indiatimes.com (subramanian2003)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:52:11 +0530
Subject: No subject
Message-ID: <200607310214.HAA29116@WS0005.indiatimes.com>

Hello All,

  From where I can have "python for arcgis" tutorial in detail.

Thnx,
Subramanian.





From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 17 16:23:06 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:23:06 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>

skip at pobox.com schrieb:
>     Diez> You could use the /dev/input/event* devices.
> 
> On the only Linux system I have available (Mojam's CentOS-based web server),
> /dev/input/* are readable only by root.  That doesn't seem like it would be
> very useful to tools like watch unless they were to run suid to root
> (creating other problems).

You don't need to give it root access. A simple rule for the udev that 
looks like this:

KERNEL=="event[0-9]*",		NAME="input/%k", MODE="0444"


will make the devices world readable. While I haven't thought about any 
security implications that might have (and am not especially 
knowledgeable in such things to be honest), I'm convinced it is way less 
likely to introduce any exploitable holes than suid root would.

Diez


From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Sun Jul  9 10:55:54 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 07:55:54 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

kepioo wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
> miserably.
>
> what i want to do :
>
> i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> key3,value]], value]
>
> example :
> [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
>  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
>  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
>

[snip example data]

>
>
> If anyone has an idea of implemetation or any code ( i was trying with
> ElementTree...
>

(You should have posted the code you tried)

The code below might help (though you should test it more than I have).
The 'findall' function comes from here:

    http://gflanagan.net/site/python/elementfilter/elementfilter.py

it's not the elementtree one.

Gerard

----------------------------------

X =  [[[["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first
value"],
 [[["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"],
 [[["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"],
 [[["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"],
 [[["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fifth value"],
 [[["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","4pm"]],"my sixth value"]]

# reshape the data
records = []
for info, data in X:
    record = []
    for attr, val in info:
        record.append(val)
    record.append( data )
    records.append( record )

for r in records:
    print r

from elementtree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement, tostring
from elementfilter import findall

results = Element('results')

for r in records:
    routeid, equipid, timeid, data = r
    route, equip, time = None, None, None
    existing_route = findall(results, "route[@id=='%s']" % routeid)
    if existing_route:
        route = existing_route[0]
        existing_equip = findall(route, "equip[@id=='%s']" % equipid)
        if existing_equip:
            equip = existing_equip[0]
            existing_time = findall(equip, "time[@id=='%s']" % timeid)
            if existing_time:
                time = existing_time[0]
    route = route or SubElement(results, 'route', id=routeid)
    equip = equip or SubElement(route, 'equip', id=equipid)
    time = time or SubElement(equip, 'time', id=timeid)
    data = SubElement(time,'data')
    data.text = item

print tostring(results)

-------------------------------------------



From Dan2837 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 17:13:22 2006
From: Dan2837 at gmail.com (Dan2837 at gmail.com)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:13:22 GMT
Subject: Free Advertisement!
Message-ID: <S3Tug.51460$e77.47329@tornado.texas.rr.com>

www.get-free-advertisement.com
www.have-bad-credit.com



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul  7 20:30:48 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 10:30:48 +1000
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>

On 8/07/2006 9:29 AM, tac-tics wrote:
> Python is a crazy language when it comes to object versatility. I know
> I can do:
> 
>>>> class test:
> ...    def __init__(self):
> ...         pass
>>>> x = test()
>>>> def fun():
> ...     print "fun"
>>>> x.fun = fun
>>>> x.fun()
> fun
> 
> However, experimenting shows that these attached functions are not
> bound to the object. They do not accept the 'self' parameter. I want to
> know how one goes about doing that. How do I bind a function to an
> object to act as if it were a method? It looks like the classmethod()
> built-in looks *similar* to what I want to do, but not quite.
> 
> Any help would be awesome =-)
> 

Call me crazy, but wasn't this discussed in a thread only a few days ago?

Injecting a method into a class, so that even already-created instances 
have that method, is trivial:

 >>> class K(object):
...     pass
...
 >>> def fun(self, arg):
...     print "fun"
...     self.frob = arg
...
 >>> o = K()
 >>> K.methc = fun
 >>> o.methc("xyz")
fun
 >>> o.frob
'xyz'
 >>>

Injecting a "private" method into a particular instance is not much more 
complicated:

 >>> def own(self, arg):
...    print "own"
...    self.ozz = arg
...
 >>> p = K()
 >>> import types
 >>> p.metho = types.MethodType(own, p)
 >>> p.metho("plugh")
own
 >>> p.ozz
'plugh'
 >>> o = K()
 >>> o.metho("xyzzy")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'K' object has no attribute 'metho'
 >>>

and no __makeyoureyesbleed__ __doubleunderscoremessingabout__ required :-)

Cheers,
John


From norman at khine.net  Mon Jul 31 12:30:10 2006
From: norman at khine.net (Norman Khine)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:30:10 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CE3012.9010301@khine.net>

northband wrote:
> Hi, I am interested in re-writing my website in Python vs PHP but have
> a few questions. Here are my specs, please advise as to which
> configuration would be best:
>
> 1.Dell Poweredge Server, w/IIS, currently Windows but considering
> FreeBSD
> 2. Site consists of result pages for auctions and items for sale (100
> per page)
> 3. MySQL (Dell Poweredge w/AMD) database server connected to my web
> server
> 4. Traffic, 30 million page loads/month
>
> I am trying to have the fastest page loads, averaging 100 items per
> result page.  I have read about using Apache's mod_python so I could
> use PSP.  Any help or tips are appreciated.
>
> -Adam
>
>   
you should try http://www.ikaaro.org/itools it is a python library and
has all you need, although it is still in alpha state, it is running
some heavy applications such as http://destinationsflybe.com as an example.

for the mysql you can use the csv module.

for now it has not been ported on window$, try gentoo or freebsd

--
Norman Khine


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 02:41:13 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 07:41:13 +0100
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>	<44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <ea1q25$3sb$1@sea.gmane.org>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
> wrote:
> 
> 
>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
>>
>>
>>>If you're calling a number of different routines in
>>>the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
>>>sense to only pass it once.
>>
>>Actually they are not "passed".
> 
> 
> I think I'm going to plonk you.

And the rest of comp.lang.python has to know about this because ... ?

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bborcic at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 07:11:42 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 13:11:42 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
Message-ID: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>

does

x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))

pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?

Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to 
achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable 
with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?

- BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 09:11:31 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:11:31 +0200
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c61884$0$21639$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

ryanshewcraft at gmail.com wrote:
> Let me start with my disclaimer by saying I'm new to computer
> programming and have doing it for the past three weeks.  I may not be
> completely correct with all the jargon, so please bear with me.
> 
> Anyways, I'm writing a function which has a class 

<ot>
While legal (in Python) and sometimes handy, it's somewhat uncommon to
define classes in functions. Perhaps a problem with jargon ?-)
</ot>

> called
> "MultipleRegression."  I want one of the variables under the __init__
> method to be a list. 

Then pass in a list.

> I've got:
> 
> class MultipleRegression:
>     def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
>         self.dbh = dbh
>         self.regressors = regressors
> 
> and I want to be able to enter regressors as a list like
> MultipleRegression(dbh, [1,2,3,4], 5).  But when I do this only the 1
> gets passed to regressors and thus to self.regressors.

Using your code (copy-pasted for the class definition), I get this result:

>>> m = MultipleRegression('dbh', [1,2,3,4], 5)
>>> m.regressors
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>>

Looks like you didn't send the real minimal code sample exposing the
problem.

FWIW, one possible cause would be misunderstanding of the concept of
'reference', ie :

>>> regressors = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> m1 = MultipleRegression('dbh', regressors, 5)
>>> m1.regressors
[1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> regressors.append(42)
>>> m1.regressors
[1, 2, 3, 4, 42]
>>>

If this happens to be your real problem, you can solve it by storing a
*copy* of the regressors list. Depending on what you really store in
'regressors', you'll need a simple copy or a deep copy:

1/ simple copy, suitable if regressors list items are immutable
(numerics, strings, tuples, ...) or if it's ok to have references to
(not copies of) these items:

class MultipleRegression:
    def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
        self.dbh = dbh
        self.regressors = regressors[:] # makes a copy of the list

2/ deep copy, in case you need it (but read the Fine Manual before...):

import copy

class MultipleRegression:
    def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
        self.dbh = dbh
        self.regressors = copy.deepcopy(regressors)



>  I really am getting into this whole programming thing.
>  Its real challenging and very useful for my work.

Welcome onboard !-)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 04:43:23 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:43:23 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44aceac2$0$22055$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e8l6r9$oeo$1@sea.gmane.org>

Antoon "I'm no nincompoop, but I play one on the internet" Pardon wrote:

> I don't see the contradiction. That Namespaces and names lookup are
> fundamentel parts of the Python language, doesn't mean that 
> the right behaviour can't be implemented in multiple ways and
> doesn't contradict that a specific explanation depend on a specific
> implementation instead of just on language definition.

the behaviour *is* defined in the language definition, and has nothing 
to do with a specific implementation.  have you even read the language
reference ?  do you even know that it exists ?

</F>



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 18:26:30 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:26:30 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> > Philippe Martin wrote:
> >> Hi,
> >>
> >> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> >
> > Such as what?
> >
> >>
> >> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
> >> embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
> >> python library.
> >>
> >> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> >
> > Does it??? How do you represent the decimal number 12349678, then?
> >
> >> l2 = func (l1)
> >> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> >>
> >
> > I'm sorry, but very little of that makes any sense to me:
> >
> > 1. I thought BCD meant something very much like this:
> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal
> >
> > 2. >>> [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> > [1, 2, 13, 6, 8, 7]
> >
> > So [1], [2], [6] are unchanged, [3, 4] -> [13] (or maybe [3, 4, 5] ->
> > 13),  and [7, 8] -> [8,7].
> >
> > I doubt very much that there's an algorithm to do that. What is the
> > relationship between 1234(maybe 5)678 and 0x12D687??? I would expect
> > something like this::
> >
> >     0x12345678 (stored in 4 bytes 0x12, ..., 0x78)  -- or 0x21436587
> > or
> >     0x012345678s (where s is a "sign" nibble; stored in 5 bytes 0x01,
> > ..., 0x8s)
> >
> > IOW something regular and explicable ...
> >
> > 3. Perhaps it might be a good idea if you told us what the *real*
> > problem is, including *exact* quotes from the manual for the embedded
> > system. You evidently need/want to convert from one representation of
> > signed? unsigned? integers to another. Once we all understand *what*
> > those representations are, *then* we can undoubtedly help you with
> > pseudocode in the form of Python code manipulating lists or whatever.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > John
>
>
> Hi,
>
> From my answer to Marc:
>
> >My apologies, I clearly made a mistake with my calculator, yes the
> >resulting
> >array I would need is [0xb,0xc,0x6,0x1,0x4,0xe]
>

"Clearly"? I don't think that word means what you think it means :-)

All you need is something like the following. You will need to use
"long" if the C "int" is only 16 bits.

C:\junk>type bcd.py
def reconstitute_int(alist):
    reg = 0 # reg needs to be 32-bits (or more)
    for digit in alist:
        assert 0 <= digit <= 9
        reg = reg * 10 + digit
    return reg

def make_hex(anint):
    # anint needs to be 32-bits (or more)
    result = []
    while anint:
        result.append(anint & 0xF)
        anint >>= 4
    return result

def reverse_list(alist):
    n = len(alist)
    for i in xrange(n >> 1):
        reg1 = alist[n - 1 - i]
        reg2 = alist[i]
        alist[i] = reg1
        alist[n - 1 - i] = reg2

C:\junk>
C:\junk>python
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import bcd
>>> num = bcd.reconstitute_int([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>> num
12345678
>>> result = bcd.make_hex(num)
>>> result
[14, 4, 1, 6, 12, 11]
>>> bcd.reverse_list(result)
>>> result
[11, 12, 6, 1, 4, 14]
>>> ['0x%x' % digit for digit in result]
['0xb', '0xc', '0x6', '0x1', '0x4', '0xe']
>>> ^Z

HTH,
John



From zetalimit at charter.net  Sun Jul 23 12:51:19 2006
From: zetalimit at charter.net (switzerland qunatium computer)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:51:19 -0700
Subject: Machine intelligence- can this program be written ??
Message-ID: <1153673479.267678.233090@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Machine intelligence- can this program be written ??

Machine intelligence- can this program be written ??







In this game of chess it is a set of 7 chess boards

The PAWN the pawn can move just like the regular game but up and down
no levels

The rook on the end moves all the way up and left to right back and
forth

The knight moves in a L shape forward and backwards but only one
level step on the board back and forth

The bishop moves in a x just like in regular game but can move to all
levels back and forth

The Queen moves just like in the regular game but can move on all
levels
back and forth

The king can move one square at a time and to move one level back and
forth

NOW EVERY TIME THE GAME HAS ENDED THE 7 LEVEL BOARD IS PLACED IN A CUBE
WITH BOARD ARE ADD ON EACH SIDE TO KEEP IN A CUBE AND GROWS INFINITE
UNTIL THE MACHINE INTELLIGENCE ASK FOR MULTI-DIMENSIONS

THE OBJECT IS:

PROTECTING ALL PIECES WITH ONE OR MORE PIECES.

ONLY LOSE A PIECE BY HIM TAKING ONE, AND THEN YOU TAKING ANOTHER.

TRY TO MAKE IT WHERE HE CANNOT MOVE

TAKE ALL CHESS PIECES



From donn at u.washington.edu  Mon Jul 17 14:00:48 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 11:00:48 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.22.07.56.438428@jippii.fi>
Message-ID: <donn-6F0FFB.11004817072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <pan.2006.07.15.22.07.56.438428 at jippii.fi>,
 Elmo M??ntynen <elmo13 at jippii.fi> wrote:

> On Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:52:10 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
> > Elmo M??ntynen enlightened us with:
> >> Only locally. I want to be able to read/write to a single file from
> >> multiple possibly parallel processes. Would 'touch lock' (or
> >> something like that) work reliably (this just occured to me)?
> > 
> > I use a lock directory for that, os.mkdir('/var/lock/somedir').
> > If you use a file, you need two steps:
> >     1) Check whether the lock-file exists
> >     2) Create the lock-file
> > 
> > This is not atomic. With a directory, creating it will fail if it
> > already exists. This means you can atomically check for the lock, and
> > if it doesn't exist already, you've immediately created it too.
> > 
> > Sybren
> 
> Thanks. Is that what atomic basically means?

Yes, and also "race condition".  That's why Jim Segrave's
example code uses O_EXCL with open(2).

   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Fri Jul 14 14:36:05 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:36:05 -0700
Subject: instances
References: <mailman.8182.1152899657.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152902165.176367.274960@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Quenton Bonds wrote:
> Hello
> I am trying to understand the abilities and limitation of creating an
> instance.  First I will give you my understanding then please steer me
> in the right direction.
>
> Abiities
> 1.  The two ways to create an instance is def method(self) &
> __int__(self, other, instances,...)
> 2.  By creating an instance of a method; the functions of that method
> can be used through out the
>    program in a fashion such as self.methodofprogram(parameters)
> Limitations
> 3.  One cannot create an instance of a class.
> 4.  An instance can only perform functions that are provided from the
> method it was instanced from.
>
> 5.  Is there any other key information I am missing.
Hi Quentin,
Might you be new to programming, or new to Object Oriented programming?
You might profit from reading some of the beginners tutorials mentioned
here:
  http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide
which points to
  http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/NonProgrammers

Here is some info to correct your statements above (but it is not a
tutorial)!

The class statement creates a 'class definition'.
E.g:
  class my_class():
    pass
Instances of a class are created by using the class name followed by
parenthesis,
E.g:
  my_inst = my_class()

If a class has methods:
  class my_class2:
    def my_method(self):
      pass
Then an instance of the class:
  my_inst2 = my_class2()
Can access its method like this:
  my_inst2.my_method()

Trying to access a method of the class that does not exist will produce
an error.
E.g:
  my_inst2.missing_method()
Will give an error, (throw an exception in Python terminology)..

The above is just a (poor) taste. Dive into one of the beginners
tutorials.

- Pad.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:56:21 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:56:21 GMT
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
> the problem with inheritance or a meta class?

 From my experience with C#, the only real use for partial classes is 
when you want to separate your GUI code from the rest of your logic. But 
since GUI programming in Python isn't always done, this isn't as big of 
a deal.

Aside from that, if you really need to split up your classes, it's 
probably an indication that you could create multiple classes instead, 
right?


From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 03:22:14 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:22:14 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.27.07.13.38.353104@gmx.net>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.27.07.13.38.353104@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153984934.888882.256180@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1153982385.121336.41500 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, miker2 wrote:
>
> > import MySQLdb
> > base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> > db="test_py")
> > cursor = base.cursor()
> > cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")
> >
> > this does not work but the interesting thing is, there is an
> > AUTO_INCREMENT
> > field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
> >                                    auto  table
> >                                     1    |    90
> >                                     2    |    32
> >
> > and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> > add
> > another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
> >
> > python entries:
> >                        auto    table
> >                          1    |    90
> >                          2    |    32
> >                          6    |    47
> >
> > please tell me what i am doing wrong. thanks.
>
> Where's the problem?  Do you mind that the third entry has a 6 as unique
> `auto` value?  Doesn't `AUTO_INCREMENT` just guarantee unique values?
>
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

the problem is that the entry from python: cursor.execute("INSERT INTO
table (field) VALUES (3)") is not there.

the auto increment counts the entries 1,2,3,4,5, ect.   the 3,4,5 in
the example above is where i've run the py script and as you can see
there are not there.  the 6 is an entry from mysql.

so basically the data from python is not being entered but the auto
increment is being counted. thanks.

sorry about the dodgie description.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 14:20:00 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 20:20:00 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c11ad1$0$23097$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> Hi
> 
> 
(snip)
> 
>>>>def get_class_by_name(name):
>>>> return globals()[name]
>>>
>>Q&D way to retrieve the class object (Python's classes are themselves
>>objects) known by it's name (as a string).
> 
> 
> ok, so it actually returns the class object itself.
> One thing that confuses me is that objects have a name (self.name)

They dont - unless you give them one:

>>> class Foo(object): pass
...
>>> Foo.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: type object 'Foo' has no attribute 'name'
>>> f = Foo()
>>> f.name
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'Foo' object has no attribute 'name'
>>>

classes, functions and modules have a __name__ attribute, but that's
something else...

> but
> object instances also have a name (e.g. myspecialturbine = turbine(...)

Actually, this is the other way round: names refers ('are bound to')
objects. Think of namespaces (the global or local one...) as dicts
holding name:ref-to-object pairs (that's mostly what they are FWIW).
Different names can refer to the same object. The object itself doesn't
know anything about this.

> ---- how do I discover the name 'myspecialturbine' ?). 

>From within the object refered by this name ? Short answer : you can't.

> And object
> instances have a class name too ('turbine'). 

Nope, they have a class, which itself as a __name__ attribute, which is
the name that was used when "creating" the class object (ie: usually
when the 'class' statement is eval'd at module load time).

> Aaargh, too many names!
> what if just want to know what the name of the instance is (in this
> case 'myspecialturbine'?)

you just named it so yourself, ie:
  myspecialturbine = SpecialTurbine()

Else, no way. You can of course give a name when instanciating the object:

class Named(object):
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

n1 = Named('n1')
print n1.name
=> n1

But this doesn't mean there's any correspondance between this name and a
name in the current (or any other) namespace:

toto = n1
n1 = "lalala"
print toto.name
=> n1

locals()[toto.name] is toto
=> False


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bugnthecode at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 18:58:12 2006
From: bugnthecode at gmail.com (bugnthecode)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 15:58:12 -0700
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
Message-ID: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I'm writing a program to send data over the serial port. I'm using
pyserial, and I'm on WindowsXP. When I use literals I can get the data
accross how I want it for example:

                   1     2      3      4     5      6
serialport.write('!SC'+'\x01'+'\x05'+'\xFA'+'\x00'+'\r')

1=Get devices attention
2=Select channel on device
3=Rate for movement
4=Low byte of 16 bits
5=High bytes of 16 bits
6=Carriage return signaling command is over

This command works as desired. Sends the first 3 ASCII characters, then
some numbers in hex followed by a carriage return.

My problem is that the "write()" function only takes a string, and I
want to substitute variables for the hex literals.

I know that I can use the "hex()" function and it will return a string
with the appropriate hex value, and I could combine this with some
other literals like "\\" to create my desired hex literal, but then I
would need something to re-parse my string to change my ASCII text into
the appropriate hex values.

Any ideas on how I may do this? Any help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Will



From pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com  Sat Jul 22 19:48:15 2006
From: pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com (pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 16:48:15 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
Message-ID: <1153612095.080327.8330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


W. D. Allen wrote:
> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>
> I have two questions:
>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and

Try in: www.wxpython.org
or in
http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=IronPython&title=More%20Information

>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?

Try in: http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html
I nice Book I has is in:
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159059519X/sr=8-1/qid=1153612000/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-6666182-3979942?ie=UTF8



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 26 16:11:18 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:11:18 +0200
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea8i88$k3u$01$1@news.t-online.com>

biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca wrote:

> I have a problem understanding the scope of variable in nested
> function. I think I got it nailed to the following example copied from
> Learning Python 2nd edition page 205. Here is the code.
> 
> def f1() :
>     x=88
>     f2()
> def f2() :
>     print 'x=',x
> f1()
> 
> that returns an error saying that "NameError: global name 'x' is not
> defined". I expected f2 to "see" the value of x defined in f1 since it
> is nested at runtime. My reading of the book comforted me in this.
> 
> What am I missing? Shouldn't the E of the LEGB rule take care of that.
> BTW, I am running this on python 2.3.

For f1 to be seen as the enclosing scope of f2 f2 has to be /defined/ in f1:

>>> def f1():
...     x = 88
...     def f2():
...             print "x =", x
...     f2()
...
>>> f1()
x = 88

Just /calling/ a function inside another does not give the inner one access
to variables that are visible in the outer.

Peter


From raviram at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:38:53 2006
From: raviram at gmail.com (sfo)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:38:53 -0700
Subject: hash of hashes
Message-ID: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

how do i create a hash of hash similar to perl using dict in python
$x{$y}{z}=$z


thanks.

--RR



From grover.uk at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:37:24 2006
From: grover.uk at gmail.com (groves)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:37:24 -0700
Subject: tkinter help
Message-ID: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

hi eveyrbody , i have started working on python tkinter,
While I was working on one of the tkinter classes..named listbox
widget. I had a slight problem.

Now let me tell you that i was able to create a simple listbox which
had 6 options which one can select, but Now what I want is that from
the available menu, if I select an option it should give me another
menu associated with that option. Its like digging up that option to do
advance search.

Please I need help as I am making my project
Thanks to eveyrbody who will take time to read this and solve it .



From caldwellinva at cox.net  Fri Jul 28 18:07:50 2006
From: caldwellinva at cox.net (Doug Caldwell)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 18:07:50 -0400
Subject: Accessing USGS Web Service Using Python
Message-ID: <XUvyg.1402$ok5.536@dukeread01>

Hi!

** Accessing the USGS Web Service Using Python **

I am trying to access the US Geological Survey's gazetteer SOAP web service 
using Python to find the locations of all the places with the name 
'Alexandria.'  I tried to keep this simple by putting a soap message in a 
string and sending the request using httplib.

I am receiving the following error message.

Reply:  400 Bad Request
<h1>Bad Request</h1>
`
I apologize in advance if this is not the correct approach.

--------------------------
Here is my code ...

import httplib

# soap string to send
soapstr = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <searchName xmlns="http://gisdata.usgs.net/XMLWebServices/">
      <PlaceName>Alexandria</PlaceName>
      <PlaceType>ppl</PlaceType>
      <inNumRecords>10</inNumRecords>
      <inFirstRecord>1</inFirstRecord>
    </searchName>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>"""

# send request
h = httplib.HTTP('gisdata.usgs.net')
h.putrequest("POST", "/XMLWebServices/TNM_Gazetteer_Service.asmx HTTP/1.1")
h.putheader("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8")
h.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(soapstr)))
h.putheader ("SOAPAction", 
"http://gisdata.usgs.net/XMLWebServices/searchName")
h.endheaders()
# send soap string
h.send(soapstr)

# get the HTTP response
reply, message, headers = h.getreply()
print "Reply: ", reply, message
# print the results
result = h.getfile().read()
print result
---------------

Here is the guidance from the USGS Web Site
http://gisdata.usgs.net/XMLWebServices/TNM_Gazetteer_Service.asmx?op=searchName

The following is a sample SOAP request. The placeholders shown need to be 
replaced with actual values.

POST /XMLWebServices/TNM_Gazetteer_Service.asmx HTTP/1.1
Host: gisdata.usgs.net
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: length
SOAPAction: "http://gisdata.usgs.net/XMLWebServices/searchName"

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" 
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
  <soap:Body>
    <searchName xmlns="http://gisdata.usgs.net/XMLWebServices/">
      <PlaceName>string</PlaceName>
      <PlaceType>string</PlaceType>
      <inNumRecords>string</inNumRecords>
      <inFirstRecord>string</inFirstRecord>
    </searchName>
  </soap:Body>
</soap:Envelope>

---------------

Thank you!




From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul  5 12:57:18 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 18:57:18 +0200
Subject: iterate over a series of nodes in an XML file
References: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4h2d7aF1orbjjU1@uni-berlin.de>

rajarshi.guha at gmail.com wrote:

> Hi, I have an XML file which contains entries of the form:
> 
> <idlist>
>  <myID>1</myID>
>  <myID>2</myID>
> ....
>  <myID>10000</myID>
> </idlist>
> 
> Currently, I have written a SAX based handler that will read in all the
> <myID></myID> entries and return a list of the contents of these
> entries. However this is not scalable and for my purposes it would be
> better if I could iterate over the list of <myID> nodes. Some thing
> like:
> 
> for myid in getMyIDList(document):
>    print myid
> 
> I realize that I can do this with generators, but I can't see how I can
> incorporate generators into my handler class (which is a subclass of
> xml.sax.ContentHandler).
> 
> Any pointers would be appreciated

Use ElementTree. Or one of the other packages that implement its very
pythonic interface, lxml or cElementTree.

Otherwise, you don't have much chances of using SAX to create a generator
besides reading the whole document into memory (which somehow defeats the
purpose of SAX in the first place) or creating a separate thread that
communicates with an iterable over a queue.

Alternatively, there are parsers out there that implement a PULL style of
parsing instead of the PUSH SAX does. Butr before you start with theses -
take ElementTree.

Diez




From steven.klass at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 17:06:03 2006
From: steven.klass at gmail.com (rh0dium)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 14:06:03 -0700
Subject: Fork You.. Forking and threading..
In-Reply-To: <slrneanuu6.hpe.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
References: <1152120097.590691.202400@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneanuu6.hpe.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <1152219963.007172.73350@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Hi Nick!

This is much better than the kludge job I did -  Thanks for the help!!


Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> rh0dium <steven.klass at gmail.com> wrote:
> >  I have a problem with putting a job in the background. Here is my
> >  (ugly) script which I am having problems getting to background.  There
> >  are threads about doing
> >
> >       python script.py &
> >
> >  and others
> >
> >       nohup python script.py &
> >
> >  and yet others
> >
> >       ( python script.py > /dev/null & ) &
> >
> >  Regardless timing these all produce (roughly the same time) and none of
> >  them are backgrounded..
>
> I suspect you want the old fork/setsid/fork trick...
>
>   http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66012
>
> That releases the controlling terminal from your job and it exits
> from the process group.
>
> You could probably close / redirect stdin/out/err too.  Search for
> daemonize.py and you'll find a module which does all this.
>
> --
> Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick



From http  Wed Jul 26 12:48:23 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:48:23 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<7xzmew9vrj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c79af5$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <7xpsfs9uso.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> writes:
> Hopefully it's more secure than Java wrt/ attributes/methods access
> restriction. IIRC, accessing a 'private' attribute thru reflection is
> quite possible in Java.

That's controlled by some flag you can set.  Browser applet sandboxes
depend on the security and set the flag.


From orsenthil at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 11:52:31 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 08:52:31 -0700
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152633151.837288.297760@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
>
> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConfig" "pyConfig.pyConfig()"
> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConparse" "pyConparse.pyConParse()"

> note that timeit runs the benchmarked function multiple times, so you may want
> to remove the print statements.

Thanks a lot Fredrik!. I did not know that timeit runs benchmarked
function multiple times. I got scared with multiple prints and thought
import pyConfig has put it in infinite loop and I had killed the
program.

I could use Timer function as well.

Thanks,
Senthil



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 26 15:52:21 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:52:21 +0200
Subject: binding more than one attribute in a facntion
References: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea8h4n$7p5$02$2@news.t-online.com>

linuxnow at gmail.com wrote:

> I want to have a bound method that "fixes" more than one parmeter of a
> funtion. LEt me post an example.
> 
> def f(a, b, c):
>     return a + b + c
> 
> I can do:
> fplus10 = f(10)
> and then call f with 2 params and it works.
> 
> But, how can I fix 2 params:
> fplus10plus20 = f(10,20)
> ignores the second param.
> 
> fplus10plus20= fplus10(20)
> does not work either.
> 
> Can anybody show what I'm doing wrong?

Bound methods are limited to one implicit parameter. What you need is
partial function application:

>>> def f(a, b, c):
...     return a + b + c
...
>>> def partial(f, *args):
...     def g(*more):
...             return f(*args+more)
...     return g
...
>>> partial(f, 1, 2)(3)
6
>>> partial(f, 1)(2, 3)
6
>>> partial(f)(1, 2, 3)
6

See http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0309/ for more.

Peter


From mw at visenso.de  Wed Jul  5 08:01:27 2006
From: mw at visenso.de (Marco Wahl)
Date: 05 Jul 2006 14:01:27 +0200
Subject: Detupleize a tuple for argument list
Message-ID: <9ok66sntuw.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>

Hi,

I want to give a tuple to a function where the function
expects the respective tuple-size number of arguments.

The following session illustrates what I want to do and
the respective failure.

 Python 2.4.1 (#7, Aug  3 2005, 14:55:58) 
 [GCC 3.3.1 (SuSE Linux)] on linux2
 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> def foo(a, b): print a, b
 ... 
 >>> t = (1, 2)
 >>> def foo(a, b): print 'a == %s, b == %s' % (str(a), str(b))
 ... 
 >>> foo(1, 2)
 a == 1, b == 2
 >>> foo(t)
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
 TypeError: foo() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
 >>>

One way to do what I want is--of course--to call
foo(t[0], t[1]).  My actual question is if there is a
smarter way to do it.

The situation for me is that I take the functions from
a library that I cannot modify.  On the other side in
my code I use the tuples.


Best wishes
-- 
Marco Wahl
http://visenso.com



From n8pease at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 11:58:42 2006
From: n8pease at yahoo.com (nate)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 08:58:42 -0700
Subject: setting variables from a tuple NEWB
In-Reply-To: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152201520.114437.55430@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


manstey wrote:
> Hi,
>
> If I have a tuple like this:
>
> tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))
>
> is it possible to write code using tupGlob that is equivalent to:
> VOWELS = 'aeiou'
> CONS = ''bcdfgh'

could you use a dictionary instead? i.e.
>>> tupGlob = {'VOWELS':'aeiou', 'CONS':'bcdfgh'}
>>> tupGlob['VOWELS']
'aeiou'
>>> tupGlob['VOWELS'] = 'aeiou AndSometimesY'
>>> tupGlob['VOWELS']
'aeiou AndSometimesY'

nate



From slomojo83 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 01:20:32 2006
From: slomojo83 at gmail.com (Josiah Manson)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 22:20:32 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153545631.898371.265950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thank you for your corrections to the previous code. Your regex
solution is definitely much cleaner. Referring to your other
suggestions, is the advantage of using a list of chars instead of
adding to a string just a bow to big-O complexity, or are there other
considerations? First I had tried appending to the string, but it seems
they are immutable. It seems that using a list for a string isn't a
very clear way to represent a mutable string.

Although I gladly accept that using a regex is the best solution to
this problem, I am still interested in knowing how to access the
variables in a containing function. It seems that there should be some
keyword akin to global that would expose them, or some other method. I
have read that python uses nested scopes (or at least was planning to
in 2.2), so I wonder what I am missing.



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:06:11 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:06:11 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8620.1154011749.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c8ed6f$0$18856$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1arozuw8ufuhm.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-27 13:44:29, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> What bother me with the "hold" term is that I understand it as meaning
> that the name is some kind of container by itself - which it is not.
> Consider the following:
> 
> d = dict()
> d['name'] = 'parrot'
> 
> Would you say that the string "name" 'holds a reference' to the string
> "parrot" ? Obviously not - it's the dict that holds this reference.

Right... I think in some cases it is normal to say in such a situation that
"'name' refers to 'parrot'" (for example when talking about the problem
domain, rather than the implementation) -- independently of the
implementation of the "reference" (which could be a pointer, or a
dictionary, or a database table).

But, I'm a convert already :)

Gerhard



From skodela at lithium.com  Wed Jul 12 05:56:21 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:56:21 +0000
Subject: How to use images at the bachground?
In-Reply-To: <1152612643.606986.197780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152606221.887206.247780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152612643.606986.197780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b4b3fa$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

pipehappy wrote:
>> hi all,
>> how to get out of the python shell which is executing a command?
>> how to use images in the background of a page in Tkinter?
> 
> on Unix, ctrl-c or ctrl-d may do the job.
> on Windows, ctrl-z will do
> 

Hi I presume you meant putting a image as a background for a Tkinter 
app. If so , try Tkinter.Canvas.

Best of luck
sree


From valpassing at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 10:34:29 2006
From: valpassing at gmail.com (valpa)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 07:34:29 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <ldo-960DAE.23164603072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920673.305615.187210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<ldo-960DAE.23164603072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1151937269.286308.298150@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Maybe I'm not state what I want clearly.

These Unix boxes are not doing important job like email, web server,
etc.
In our lab, these unix boxes are connected to be a network system to
run our protocols and our job is to test the protocols. they are
physically seperated from lab network and seperate from Internet. So I
do not consider the security issue.

There will be a lot of work to do after I login into these servers. I'm
tired to typing the command "telnet".. and I want to do "telnet"
automatically.

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <1151920673.305615.187210 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>,
>  "valpa" <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >I don't care about security issue by now :), because every one in my
> >compony know the username/password.
>
> Then why bother with a password at all?
> --
> A: Skid-marks in front of the hedgehog.
> Q: What's the difference between a dead hedgehog on the road, and a dead
> top-poster on the road?



From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 20 13:51:34 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:51:34 +0200
Subject: Using python code from Java?
In-Reply-To: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i9u58F2mhniU1@uni-berlin.de>

fortepianissimo schrieb:
> Is there a solution to enable Java programmers to call functions
> written in Python? Any wrapper generator that wraps Python code into
> some Java-callable form?
> 
> I briefly looked at Jython, but if I understand it right, it didn't
> support full power of Python 2.3.x (which I need).
> 
> Any suggestion is welcome!

CORBA or any other RPC mechanism supported by both python & Java springs 
to mind.

Waiting for jython2.3 might be an option, too - things are pretty much 
on the move right now.

Diez



From adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 15 04:25:47 2006
From: adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com (adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 01:25:47 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
Message-ID: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi there. I've been trying to get PyQT working on W2K, but have not yet
found a sufficiently detailed walk-through for my somewhat
command-line-challenged sensibilities. I did find this page:
http://www.diotavelli.net/PyQtWiki/GPLPyQtWindows , but I'm not sure
about installing the whole of Visual Studio .NET as a prerequisite. Can
anyone tell me if the passing of the years has made this process any
more approachable?



From ddvlad at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:25:46 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:25:46 -0700
Subject: Getting and Setting Cookies
In-Reply-To: <87fygyzf75.fsf@reportlab.com>
References: <1153220141.957314.26580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<87fygyzf75.fsf@reportlab.com>
Message-ID: <1153301146.753200.5970@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


John J. Lee wrote:
> "Vlad Dogaru" <ddvlad at gmail.com> writes:
>
> > I am trying to use cookies and Python to create a simple login example.
> > But I am very disoriented at the existence of two cookie libraries,
> > namely Cookie and cookielib. I have seen examples of setting cookies
> [...]
>
> From the cookielib docs:
>
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-cookielib.html
>
> | The cookielib module defines classes for automatic handling of HTTP
> | cookies. It is useful for accessing web sites that require small
> | pieces of data - cookies - to be set on the client machine by an HTTP
> | response from a web server, and then returned to the server in later
> | HTTP requests.
>
> (note the *accessing* there)
>
> [...]
>
> | Module Cookie: HTTP cookie classes, principally useful for server-side
> |     code. The cookielib and Cookie modules do not depend on each
> |     other.
>
>
> Module cookielib is for web client code (writing code that works like
> a browser).  Module Cookie is for server-side code (writing code to
> make a web site work).  You don't make it entirely clear which you're
> doing, but it sounds like the latter.

I am trying to write a simple login script. I understand (or rather I
think I understand) how to set a cookie with the Cookie module. My
problem is getting the cookies that are currently set. How can I do
that?



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:03:38 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:03:38 -0700
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
In-Reply-To: <ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>
	<ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1151917418.176084.18320@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I may be wrong, but I've never heard of Windows being fully posix
compliant.  I guarentee you that they dont support pthreads.

It is possible that by "posix compliant" the marketting execs mean
"supports all posix commands which dont interfere with our way of doing
things"

Windows version of python always uses \r\n for line ends (which are
then combined into a single \n character when read).  This bears strong
resemblance to the carriage return line feed combination required by
typerwriters before the computer era.  Wordpad will read Unix line ends
(\n) if it has to, notepad wont even try.  Mac used to use \r for line
ends, just to be the odd ball.  I think they may have stopped that with
OSX. Any mac user want to cover this one?

Whats especially frustrating is the cygwin version of python.  If you
configure things wrong with the cygwin line ends, you can have python
swear its outputing \n while its really coughing out \r\n's


Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> Why should that matter? I thought Windows (the NT line) was
> POSIX-compliant.



From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 23 17:56:37 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 23:56:37 +0200
Subject: Grail not downloading
In-Reply-To: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C3F095.7090006@v.loewis.de>

Dustan wrote:
> Does anybody know anything about Grail?  I've been  unable to get at
> it, and I've tried on both Windows and Macintosh machines.
> 
> http://grail.sourceforge.net/

The files just don't exist, physically, on the server (if you have
an SF account, you can check this yourself). However, it appears
that the source code is still available through CVS:

http://grail.cvs.sourceforge.net/grail/grail/

Regards,
Martin


From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 18:49:03 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 19:49:03 -0300
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1ci61kwla3nj4$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 17:50:43, thebjorn wrote:

> I don't agree that the irregular sized months cause a problem in this
> case. They do cause a problem if you're asking "when is today + one
> month?", i.e. there isn't an unambiguous answer to that question in
> general (e.g. if today was January 31). We're asking a different kind
> of question though: "has it been at least one month since January 31?",
> the answer would be no on Feb 29 and yes on Mar 1.

It's still ambiguous. That's why pretty much no library offers months as
units of date differences. They offer days (like DateTimeDelta in
mxDateTime does). 

For example, the mxDateTime guys say about their RelativeDateTime (which
allows months as differences): 
"""
Note that dates like Date(1999,1,30) + RelativeDateTime(months=+1) are not
supported. The package currently interprets these constructions as
Date(1999,2,1) + 30, thus giving the 1999-03-02 which may not be what you'd
expect.
"""

I think your original approach (difference of years, adjusted for whether
the date of the birthday has already passed in the current year or not) is
the unambiguous way to get the age. Other methods based on date differences
in days need careful adjustments for odd cases involving leap years.

Gerhard



From westymatt at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 08:45:48 2006
From: westymatt at gmail.com (westymatt)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 05:45:48 -0700
Subject: mkdir
Message-ID: <1153226748.437330.117690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have been looking around for a while, but I haven't seen many
examples of os.mkdir()
Anybody have any experience with it, is a since deprecated function?



From martin at browns-nospam.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 03:32:46 2006
From: martin at browns-nospam.co.uk (Martin Evans)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 08:32:46 +0100
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
	<1152125582.577222.95010@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8ieca$68k$1$8302bc10@news.demon.co.uk>

"Juho Schultz" <juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi> wrote in message 
news:1152125582.577222.95010 at l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Martin Evans wrote:
>> Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to 
>> get
>> a regular expression to do the following example in Python:
>>
>> Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".
>>
>> This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
>> to
>> This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.
>>
>>
>> But not if part of a link or inside a link:
>>
>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, 
>> it
>> is sleeping.
>> to
>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, 
>> it
>> is dead.
>>
>>
>> This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, the
>> rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the
>> formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will
>> normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more than
>> one link present.
>>
>> I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to 
>> other
>> areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.
>>
>> I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the 
>> case,
>> I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping to
>> use it to learn more about regex.
>>
>> Any pointers would be appreciated.
>>
>> Martin
>
> What you want is:
>
> re.sub(regex, replacement, instring)
> The replacement can be a function. So use a function.
>
> def sleeping_to_dead(inmatch):
>  instr = inmatch.group(0)
>  if needsfixing(instr):
>    return instr.replace('sleeping','dead')
>  else:
>    return instr
>
> as for the regex, something like
> (<a)?[^<>]*(</a>)?
> could be a start. It is probaly better to use the regex to recognize
> the links as you might have something like
> sleeping.sleeping/sleeping/sleeping.html in your urls. Also you
> probably want to do many fixes, so you can put them all within the same
> replacer function.

Many thanks for that, the function method looks very useful. My first 
working attempt had been to use the regex to locate all links. I then looped 
through replacing each with a numbered dummy entry. Then safely do the 
find/replaces and then replace the dummy entries with the original links. It 
just seems overly inefficient.





From http  Mon Jul 10 05:01:16 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 02:01:16 -0700
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R-udnW5zD_heRCzZnZ2dnUVZ_qudnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <7xy7v1vnoj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Steven Bethard <steven.bethard at gmail.com> writes:
> If len() were a method of string objects, you could try using the
> unbound method and writing this as::
> 
>      >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=str.len)
>      ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']
> 
> But then your code would break on lists that weren't strings.

sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=lambda x: x.len())


From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 12:25:14 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 09:25:14 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8427.1153667098.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153596758.673005.234110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8427.1153667098.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153758314.856476.166040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-22 16:32:38, danielx wrote:
>
> >>>> ...and source code...
> >>>
> >>> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
> >>
> >> Abstraction as you seem to use it requires complete docs of the interface.
> >> Which is what you said you don't have... So the original abstractor broke
> >> the abstraction when publishing insufficient docs, not the one who looks
> >> into the sources to find out what actually happens.
> >
> > Absolutely. I didn't mean the user was breaking abstraction (let's not
> > blame the victim). I was saying that we should really have more
> > sympathy for him.
>
> I have all the sympathy in the world for him... after all, he's me :)
>
> But one reason why I try to write (and insist on as much as possible from
> people writing for or with me) self-documenting code is that wherever you
> have documentation and code separated (which is the case of API docs), you
> can bet (without losing) that sooner or later code and doc will diverge.
> This has a probability that approaches 1 :)
>
> So, I agree with you that good API docs are a good thing, as they tell me
> everything I need to know without having to wade through tons of
> implementation details that may be interesting but don't serve my immediate
> need (of having to use the API). But reality seems to be (and mine so far
> definitely is) that these docs, even the good ones, are not completely in
> alignment with the reality of the code. (We all know that code has bugs...
> and the API always describes, at best, how the code /should/ work. It never
> describes how it actually works, including the bugs <g> (this
> notwithstanding the bugs that have been elevated to features and henceforth
> been described in the API docs).
>
> So... the final authority /is/ the code. I don't see an alternative. For
> me, good abstraction doesn't mean I don't have to read the sources; good
> abstraction means (among other things) that I can read the sources easily.
>
> Gerhard

having auto generated docs, which means the documentatin is in the code
as doc strings, javadoc, reflex, or whatever format is the BEST way of
doing API documentation, period.



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Mon Jul 31 14:56:49 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:56:49 +0200
Subject: gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')
In-Reply-To: <1154369436.356111.325250@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8730.1154351299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154369436.356111.325250@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CE5271.2090600@designaproduct.biz>

faulkner ?rta:
> my boss has a similar problem with his home internet connection in
> general. he traced it back to his router, which was in the first couple
> generations of routers. how old are the routers you tested this on?
> aside from upgrading them, if they are the problem, i can suggest a
> workaround.
> the first time this exception is raised, your script can automatically
> restart itself.
> os.system('python -c "import time, os; time.sleep(2);
> os.system(\'python yourscriptname.py &\')" &')
> sys.exit(1)
>   
My router is a FreeBSD 6.0 system. I'm running a named server on it, 
that is our name server on the LAN. The OS was upgraded some months ago. 
I tried the same program from a windows system and from other networks 
(located in two other countries). I believe this problem is with Python. 
However, your idea is fine. I thought the same. Just there is one 
problem that hardens me this way. The exception happens in a working 
thread. My program has lots of threads and is not supposed to be 
terminated from working threads. Calling sys.exit will not be enough.

Well looks like I must do something similar but I do not like the idea. 
It is very dirty and non-pythonic.

Best,

   Laszlo



From oluoluolu at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 20:30:58 2006
From: oluoluolu at gmail.com (alimoe)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 17:30:58 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581990.098012.224700@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152583123.455700.3840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153873858.633889.24570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


placid wrote:
> is this a real robot or a computer simulation?

Just a sim, but the more I think about it, the more realism it seems
like I need.

Carl Banks wrote about PyODE. I thnk Soya or PySoy is integrating this
soon, so I will be looking into that. 

thx



From dinov at exchange.microsoft.com  Thu Jul 13 00:13:31 2006
From: dinov at exchange.microsoft.com (Dino Viehland)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:13:31 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152738406.588008.137170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152738307.131439.143660@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152738406.588008.137170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7AD436E4270DD54A94238001769C222725D9E3A33A@DF-GRTDANE-MSG.exchange.corp.microsoft.com>

The first check is also off - it should if issubclass(type(Test), type): otherwise you miss the metaclass case:

class foo(type): pass

class Test(object):
    __metaclass__ = foo

obj = Test
if type(obj) == type: 'class obj'
else: 'not a class'

just on the off-chance you run into a metaclass :)

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+dinov=microsoft.com at python.org [mailto:python-list-bounces+dinov=microsoft.com at python.org] On Behalf Of Clay Culver
Sent: Wednesday, July 12, 2006 2:07 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Determining if an object is a class?

Ahh much better.  Thanks.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From CronoCloud at mchsi.com  Wed Jul 12 04:54:33 2006
From: CronoCloud at mchsi.com (Ron Rogers Jr.)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:54:33 GMT
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <20060712035154.4ffb9ce7@midgar>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 03:41:52 +0300
IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:

> I want to learn python.
I am looking for a book which will help
> me get started and should contain the foundations. I am not
> looking for the Python bible. Any recommendations?
> Ioannis
> 

Hmm, no one has mentioned Python Programming for the Absolute
Beginner (second edition) by Michael Dawson.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1598631128/102-5443736-1342538?v=glance&n=283155

Yes, it's very game oriented, but it's also very newbie oriented.

I've slso downloaded some Python tutorials:

I've got the Python version of How to Think Like a Computer
Scientist:

http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/

And Dive into Python (available online as well as paper):

http://diveintopython.org/

Hope this helps.

CronoCloud (Ron Rogers Jr.)






From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 11:07:12 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:07:12 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org><e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk><mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org><4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de><slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu><4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1m4u2vgbkkbsr.qtxu2p962cjc.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <e98bv0$ev8$1@sea.gmane.org>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:

> Anyway, it seems that anything non-ASCII is a bit problematic and needs
> "manual" handling of the runtime environment encoding. Seems a bit odd,
> given the worldwide distribution of Python... I would have thought that
> such a rather basic task like printing an accented character on a console
> had been solved in a standard way, rather than relying on individual
> (wheel-reinventing) custom coding. Isn't that something that pretty much
> everybody (outside the USA, at least) needs?

umm.  what are we talking about here, really ?

$ python
>>> import sys
>>> sys.platform
'linux2'
>>> sys.stdout.encoding
'UTF-8'
>>> print unichr(233)
?

> python
>>> import sys
>>> sys.platform
'win32'
>>> sys.stdout.encoding
'cp850'
>>> print unichr(233)
?

</F> 





From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 17:33:37 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 14:33:37 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Fred,

I never said there will be no collisions. For clarity, can you quote
the exact phrase where I mentioned that?

To say that there will be no collision is nonsense because the # of
possible long url strings is certainly larger than 2^32, applying the
pigeon hole principle you could easily show that there will be
collisions.

The point is to make collision as unlikely as possible for the human
readable text (that is make them as uniform as possible), that is why
creating good cryptographic hashes is not easy.  Not that the Python
hash function work as hard as an MD5 (it is probably a multiplication
and a modulo if I had to guess). But this is a topic beyond scope of
this thread.

The original post just said that he wanted to index some values by
their urls and didn't really care about the urls themselves, so I
suggested that he just use the hash of the key as the key. The
dictionary will then take a hash of that [note that:
hash(string)=hash(hash(string)) ]  then  the dictionary will not keep
the reference to the urls and GC will collect them. So instead of
dic[urlstring']=value he will do dic[hash(urlstring)]=value. But then
to retrieve he will have to do old_value=dic[hash(urlstring]].

Hopefully this make my point more clear,
Nick V.

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>
> > If you don't really want to store the keys, just use
> > dic[hash(key)]=value, this way the dictionary will have the same shape
> > and distribution of keys as dic[key]=value because
> > hash('abc')=hash(hash('abc'))  but the long string of actual keys are
> > not referenced by the dictionary.
>
> how come you're so sure that there will never be any collisions ?
> 
> </F>



From vasudevram at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 12:56:44 2006
From: vasudevram at gmail.com (vasudevram)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:56:44 -0700
Subject: Publishing ODBC database content as PDF
Message-ID: <1152291404.402833.153210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Publishing ODBC database content as PDF:

A blog post by me on how to do this, using my PDF conversion toolkit,
xtopdf.
This is sample code from my next upcoming release of xtopdf, which will
support more input formats, such as CSV, XLS, TDV and ODBC data.

http://jugad.livejournal.com/2006/07/07/

Enjoy, and feedback welcome.
Vasudev
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vasudev Ram
http://www.geocities.com/vasudevram
PDF conversion toolkit:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtopdf
------------------------------------------------------------------------



From ask at me  Thu Jul 27 22:15:05 2006
From: ask at me (alf)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:15:05 -0400
Subject: SocketServer and timers
Message-ID: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Hi,

I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a 
main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's 
say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are:
	-how to stop serve_forever
	-how to implement timers

thx, alf


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 00:07:14 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 23:07:14 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <bofzg.1774$W93.1655@dukeread05>

Philippe Martin wrote:

> Grant Edwards wrote:
> 
>> On 2006-07-31, John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
>> 
>>>> but if you
>>>> wish ==>
>>>>
>>>> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made
>>>> by epson
>>>
>>> 1. You still haven't *NAMED* the CPU and the compiler!!
>> 
>> He obviously doesn't want to have to kill all of us.
>> 
>>> 2. Do you mean ARM as in "Acorn/Advanced RISC Machines"??
>> 
>> That's the only "arm" processor I know about.
>> 
>>> They make 8-bit CPUs????
>> 
>> Nope.
>> 
>>> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
>>> that is your input??????
>> 
>> 
>> --
>> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Yow! Maybe I
>> should
>>                                   at               have asked for my
>>                                   Neutron
>>                                visi.com            Bomb in PAISLEY--
> 
> Yes I had arm in mind (for some reason) while it is the Smc8831
>
(http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&start=1&q=http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/944b73008b0bad33492570a00015d6ba/%24FILE/S5U1C88000C_2Ev3.pdf&e=9797)
> 
> 
>>> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
>>> that is your input??????
> 
> What device manager ? think about it before being rude
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Philippe



PS:

That is the first time I feel insulted posting on this list in _many_
years ... but I'm certain it is my fault.





From kbk at shore.net  Thu Jul 20 00:55:00 2006
From: kbk at shore.net (Kurt B. Kaiser)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 00:55:00 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Weekly Python Patch/Bug Summary
Message-ID: <200607200455.k6K4t0Vw018820@bayview.thirdcreek.com>

Patch / Bug Summary
___________________

Patches :  398 open ( +5) /  3334 closed (+19) /  3732 total (+24)
Bugs    :  904 open ( -4) /  6011 closed (+36) /  6915 total (+32)
RFE     :  222 open ( -1) /   231 closed ( +2) /   453 total ( +1)

New / Reopened Patches
______________________

Fix for #1513611 and #1511497; xml.sax imports  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1519796  opened by  ?iga Seilnacht

telnetlib.py change to ease option handling.  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1520081  opened by  Ernest ter Kuile

Support for PyGetSetDefs in pydoc, inspect, and types  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1520294  opened by  Barry A. Warsaw

Distutils bugfix: Read $AR from the environment/Makefile.  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520877  opened by  Douglas Greiman

make install change: Allow $DESTDIR to be relative  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520879  opened by  Douglas Greiman

Fix tests that assume they can write to Lib/test  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1520904  opened by  Douglas Greiman

Don't produce core file in test_subprocess.py  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1520905  opened by  Douglas Greiman

Extra configurability for doctest TestCases  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1521051  opened by  Russell Keith-Magee

--help and --version long options  (2006-07-12)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1521179  opened by  Georg Brandl

smtplib login fails with aol smtp server  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1521196  opened by  Peter

Reintroduce index checking in 1-element ctypes arrays  (2006-07-13)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1521817  opened by  Thomas Heller

Fix grammatical errors in Doc/howto/doanddont.tex  (2006-07-13)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1521874  opened by  Collin Winter

Give Cookie.py its own _idmap  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521882  opened by  Collin Winter

Add some explication to PEP 3100  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522038  opened by  Collin Winter

Remove operator.truth() and operator.abs()  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522059  opened by  Collin Winter

Improve docs for filter()  (2006-07-13)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1522211  opened by  Collin Winter

irda socket support  (2006-07-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1522400  opened by  ??????

Tix.Grid patch  (2006-07-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1522587  opened by  klappnase

XML Test Runner for unittest module  (2006-07-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1522704  opened by  Sebastian Rittau

(partial?) fix for Misc/python-config.in  (2006-07-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1523356  opened by  M. Levinson

Var-default patch undid part of backtick to repr() patch  (2006-07-18)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1524429  opened by  Graham Horler

Fix Tkinter Tcl-commands memory-leaks  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524639  opened by  Graham Horler

Fix --without-threads build error  (2006-07-18)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1524724  opened by  Matt Fleming

ConfigParser: accept leading whitespace on options+comments  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524825  opened by  Ken Lalonde

Patches Closed
______________

Patch for bug 1441486: bad unary minus folding in compiler  (2006-03-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1446922  closed by  nascheme

OpenVMS patches Modules directory  (2006-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1516912  closed by  nnorwitz

Rough documentation for xml.etree.ElementTree  (2006-06-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1504046  closed by  nnorwitz

turtle.py: correcting begin_fill  (2006-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1519566  closed by  loewis

pdb: fix for #1472251('run/runeval' commands bug)  (2006-04-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1472257  closed by  jakamkon

urllib2 redirection fix  (2006-07-01)
       http://python.org/sf/1515745  closed by  nnorwitz

Python long option support  (2006-05-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1481112  closed by  gbrandl

--help and --version long options  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1521179  closed by  gbrandl

Reintroduce index checking in 1-element ctypes arrays  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521817  closed by  theller

Fix grammatical errors in Doc/howto/doanddont.tex  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521874  closed by  gbrandl

Improve docs for filter()  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522211  closed by  rhettinger

python / pythonw replacement in C  (2004-10-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1056561  closed by  etrepum

OS X: Can't use #!/usr/bin/pythonw  (2004-10-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1038911  closed by  etrepum

update the binhex module for Mach-O  (2005-06-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1220874  closed by  etrepum

Remove dependencies on the sets module  (2006-06-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1500609  closed by  gbrandl

ColorDelegator - Several bug fixes  (2006-04-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1479219  closed by  kbk

Var-default patch undid part of backtick to repr() patch  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524429  closed by  loewis

zipfile: support for ZIP64  (2006-03-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1446489  closed by  ronaldoussoren

Fix --without-threads build error  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524724  closed by  tim_one

New / Reopened Bugs
___________________

Cannot use high-numbered sockets in 2.4.3  (2006-05-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1494314  reopened by  anthonybaxter

Incorrect lineno's in code objects  (2006-06-26)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1512814  reopened by  twouters

AttributeError in the shelve module  (2006-07-09)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1519786  opened by  Martin Kelly

Proxy does not work in 2.4.3  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1519816  opened by  Michal Niklas

non-uniform behavior in  'startswith' / 'endswith'  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1520176  opened by  Milind

__missing__ does not get called  (2006-07-11)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1520327  opened by  Milind

fcntl.ioctl fails to copy back exactly-1024 buffer  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520818  opened by  Mark Eichin

urrlib2 max_redirections=0 disables redirects  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520831  opened by  rus_r_orange

unpack list of singleton tuples not unpacking  (2006-07-11)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1520864  opened by  Anthony Tuininga

time.strftime breakage in 2.4/2.5  (2006-07-11)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1520914  opened by  Skip Montanaro

ctypes test overwrites /dev/null  (2006-07-12)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1521375  opened by  Scot Doyle

file.seek() influelce write() when opened with a+ mode  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1521491  opened by  Lior

isinstance failure in 2.6 Beta 2  (2006-07-13)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1521726  opened by  Nick Maclaren

possible bug in mystrtol.c with recent gcc  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521947  opened by  Marien Zwart

shlex.split() does not tokenize like the shell  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521950  opened by  Dan Christian

filter() doesn't use __len__ of str/unicode/tuple subclasses  (2006-07-13)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1522016  opened by  Collin Winter

RPM build fails for Py2.5b2  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522046  opened by  Stefan Behnel

_threading_local.py logic error in _localbase __new__  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522237  opened by  Tony Nelson

Patch #1388073 is not mentioned in NEWS  (2006-07-14)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1522771  opened by  Collin Winter

incorrect tcp checksum  (2006-07-15)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1523136  opened by  ecir hana

threading.Thread  Traceback  (2006-07-16)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1523465  opened by  roee88

PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords potential core dump  (2006-07-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1523610  opened by  Eric Huss

2.4.2 file.read caches EOF state  (2006-07-17)
       http://python.org/sf/1523853  opened by  Jarkko Torppa

logging using the SysLog handler fails if locale is set  (2006-07-17)
       http://python.org/sf/1524081  opened by  Mihai Ibanescu

os.listdir doesn't check error code from FindNextFile  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524310  opened by  Roger Upole

configure --without-threads fails to build  (2006-07-18)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1524317  opened by  Ram Bhamidipaty

MemoryError with a lot of available memory - gc not called  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1524938  opened by  Mark Matusevich

Webserver TypeError: expected read buffer, NoneType found  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525343  opened by  jbet

Build fails on OS X with case sensitive fs  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525447  opened by  gideon may

SimpleXMLRpcServer still uses sys.exc_value and sys.exc_type  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525469  opened by  Russell Warren

Document additions from PEP 302  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525549  opened by  Brett Cannon

Malloc, memory error, failmalloc, low memory.  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525589  opened by  Rene Dudfield

ldap get_option(0) causes segfault  (2006-07-19)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1525590  opened by  Sean Burford

exec and eval allocate lots of memory and do not free it  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525678  opened by  Connelly

Bugs Closed
___________

yet another svn head compiler change  (2006-03-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1441486  closed by  nascheme

Cannot use high-numbered sockets in 2.4.3  (2006-05-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1494314  closed by  anthonybaxter

Incorrect lineno's in code objects  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512814  closed by  nnorwitz

Incorrect lineno's in code objects  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512814  closed by  nnorwitz

c_void_pointer should accept a long pointer > 0x7fffffff  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1518190  closed by  theller

ImportWarning should be removed  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515169  closed by  nnorwitz

test_ctypes fails on OSX 10.3  (2006-04-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1467450  closed by  theller

AttributeError in the shelve module  (2006-07-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1519786  closed by  gbrandl

inspect.py: still infinite recursion inspecting frames  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516184  closed by  pje

AttributeError in upload_file on interrupted connection  (2006-03-23)
       http://python.org/sf/1457312  closed by  pje

subprocess test cases fail with noexec-mounted /tmp  (2006-03-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1444408  closed by  astrand

subprocess.CalledProcessError uses errno incorrectly  (2005-12-08)
       http://python.org/sf/1376309  closed by  astrand

subprocess.py abuse of errno  (2005-06-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1223937  closed by  astrand

__missing__ does not get called  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520327  closed by  gbrandl

unpack list of singleton tuples not unpacking  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520864  closed by  nnorwitz

time.strftime breakage in 2.4/2.5  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520914  closed by  bcannon

ctypes test overwrites /dev/null  (2006-07-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1521375  closed by  theller

isinstance failure in 2.5 Beta 2  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1521726  closed by  gbrandl

filter() doesn't use __len__ of str/unicode/tuple subclasses  (2006-07-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1522016  closed by  rhettinger

msvccompiler.py using VC6 with Python 2.5a2  (2006-06-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1508010  closed by  loewis

incorrect locale.strcoll() return in Windows  (2006-07-08)
       http://python.org/sf/1519069  closed by  loewis

Patch #1388073 is not mentioned in NEWS  (2006-07-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1522771  closed by  gbrandl

IDLE fails to launch after 46272 (2.4 with 2.5 IDLE)  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513617  closed by  kbk

ext/win-cookbook.html has a broken link to distutils  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518772  closed by  quiver

PIL binary package missing jpeg support (pimp)  (2003-07-23)
       http://python.org/sf/776600  closed by  etrepum

IDE needs easy access to builtin help()  (2003-03-29)
       http://python.org/sf/711991  closed by  etrepum

Raise IDE output window over splash screen on early crash  (2003-03-26)
       http://python.org/sf/710374  closed by  etrepum

IDE stdin doesn't have readlines  (2003-03-26)
       http://python.org/sf/710373  closed by  etrepum

Mac IDE behaviour (output to console)  (2002-06-24)
       http://python.org/sf/573174  closed by  etrepum

incorrect tcp checksum  (2006-07-15)
       http://python.org/sf/1523136  closed by  loewis

threading.Thread  Traceback  (2006-07-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1523465  closed by  tim_one

"as" keyword sometimes highlighted in strings  (2005-10-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1325071  closed by  kbk

email.Utils.py: "'" in RFC2231 header  (2005-06-10)
       http://python.org/sf/1218081  closed by  bwarsaw

Incorrect RFC 2231 decoding  (2005-01-15)
       http://python.org/sf/1102973  closed by  bwarsaw

link path probs on OSX re: Tcl, Tk & fink's /sw  (07/13/05)
       http://python.org/sf/1237697  closed by  sf-robot

termios.c in qnx4.25  (09/19/05)
       http://python.org/sf/1295179  closed by  sf-robot

IDLE bug - changing shortcuts - Shift-Tab broken!  (2005-04-08)
       http://python.org/sf/1179168  closed by  kbk

expat crash python  (2005-09-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1296433  closed by  bcannon

configure --without-threads fails to build  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524317  closed by  tim_one

ldap get_option(0) causes segfault  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525590  closed by  nnorwitz

Getting an error message import site failed -v traceback.  (07/05/06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517370  closed by  sf-robot

New / Reopened RFE
__________________

support all of strftime(3)  (2006-07-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1520662  opened by  Toni Mueller

RFE Closed
__________

Add syntax coloring to Mac IDE  (2002-08-07)
       http://python.org/sf/592047  closed by  etrepum

Enhance PackageManager functionality  (2003-07-28)
       http://python.org/sf/779160  closed by  etrepum



From nkammah at yahoo.fr  Mon Jul 10 11:44:31 2006
From: nkammah at yahoo.fr (kepioo)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:44:31 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
In-Reply-To: <1152537658.025265.160450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152533921.782540.155650@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152537658.025265.160450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152546271.498266.36500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Thank you so much, it works and it rocks !

bad thing i need ot figure out is why mozilla cannot parse my xsl
sheet, but it works in IE ( most of my users are using IE)

so the module u wrote is to top up element tree with Xpath
capabilities, is it? Does the new element tree does that? which one is
the most appropriate?

btw, are u french?

Regards,

Nassim



From exarkun at divmod.com  Tue Jul 25 08:38:42 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 08:38:42 -0400
Subject: Stack trace in C
In-Reply-To: <ptehp3-lgi.ln1@svn2.wasy.de>
Message-ID: <20060725123842.29014.421537203.divmod.quotient.53639@ohm>

On Tue, 25 Jul 2006 14:20:41 +0200, Andre Poenitz <andre at svn2.wasy.de> wrote:
>
>
>Bear with me - I am new to Python. (And redirect me to a more suitable
>newsgroup in case this one is not appropriate.)
>
>I am trying to embed Python into a C++ application and want to get back
>a backtrace in case of errors in the python code.

I think you'd have more luck with the traceback module, which has such
methods as format_exception and print_tb.

Jean-Paul


From justask at acme.com  Sat Jul 29 08:32:22 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 14:32:22 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <o8lmc2t3q4tn525802l99rveaqeel8rknb@4ax.com>

On Sat, 29 Jul 2006 04:07:12 GMT, Tim Roberts <timr at probo.com> wrote:
>Exactly.  The Python interpreter can take a significant fraction of a
>second to start.  For the typical short web request, the overhead can add
>up.
>
>On the other hand, unless you're handling dozens of requests per minute,
>users are unlikely to notice.
>
>You can also keep session state in memory instead of spilling to disk, and
>you can keep database sessions open.

Thanks for the explanations.


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 11 13:47:02 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 12:47:02 -0500
Subject: Identifying apparently unused globals
In-Reply-To: <1152637189.419605.39120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8027.1152630532.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152637189.419605.39120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17587.58390.818195.536595@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Simon> I haven't used it myself, but pychecker
    Simon> (http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/) is supposed to be able to
    Simon> perform such stunts.  From the page: "Types of problems that can
    Simon> be found include: Unused globals and locals (module or variable)"

Thanks.  I've used both pylint and pychecker.  I'm not aware that either one
can do what I want.  Here's a trivial example:

    Module a.py:

        RED = "red"
        BLUE = "blue"

    Module b.py:

        import a
        print a.RED

Considering modules a and b as a whole program, a.BLUE is unused anywhere in
the program.

Skip


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 18 03:27:26 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 09:27:26 +0200
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.18.07.27.25.208881@gmx.net>

In <1153198570.592653.203310 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, tac-tics
wrote:

> Grant Edwards wrote:
>> for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
>>
>>     if 0 <= i <= 10000:
> 
> I'm assuming you used Python's compound comparison as opposed to the
> C-style of and'ing two comparisons together to emphasize the fact it is
> god's chosen way of doing this ;-)

Pete doesn't like to be called god in public.  ;-)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 10:25:48 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:25:48 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
(snip)

> Ruby is more dynamic than Python

Care to elaborate ? I played a bit with Ruby and failed to come to the
same conclusion... (the two main differences I noticed are 1/ Ruby is
expression-based and 2/ it has a more canonical object model - IOW, it
mostly cloned Smalltalk's one)

FWIW, Lisp-like macro-system apart, I have difficulty imagining how a
language could be more dynamic than Python...


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:45:02 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 18:45:02 GMT
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>

Daniel Mark wrote:

> Maybe there is not solution to this problem:)?

Did you not try Sybren's suggestion? Remove the space between the 
semicolon and the path and it should work. It worked (and didn't work) 
for me when I tested it.


From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul  6 01:31:31 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 22:31:31 -0700
Subject: How to  trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
Message-ID: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
this to python?

strComputer = "."
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
    & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
"\root\cimv2")
Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
    ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
        & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
i = 0

Do While i = 0
    Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
    Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
Loop



From crazymykl at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 23:24:24 2006
From: crazymykl at gmail.com (MacDonald)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 20:24:24 -0700
Subject: how to match u'\uff00' - u'\uff0f' in re module?
In-Reply-To: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152588264.183224.124890@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


yichao.zhang wrote:
> I'm trying to match the characters from u'\uff00' to u'\uff0f'.
> the code below and get a TypeError.
> p = re.compile(u'\uff00'-u'\uff0f')
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'unicode' and 'unicode'
>
>
> so re module does NOT support this operation
> however, is there any alternative way to solve my problem?
>
> Any comments/suggestions much appreciated!

re DOES work with unicode, you're just subtracting two unicode stings
as the agrument, which is not defined. Try this:

p = re.compile(u'[\uff00-\uff0f]')



From cdsmith at twu.net  Sun Jul 16 14:44:41 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 12:44:41 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f2436ff5a3b6dec98968b@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Is it possible you're being distracted by the syntax? WHERE is a
> binary operation taking a relation and a filter function. I don't
> think of filters as being like array indexing; do they appear
> analogous to you? (Always a difficult question because often
> times A and B share some qualities and not others, and
> what does one call that?)

This is definitely a good question.  Nevertheless, I think we're fooling 
ourselves if we decide that we've made progress by defining part of the 
problem out of existence.  The original problem was that when there are 
several ways of getting access to something that is identical (rather 
than just equal), this causes problems for invariant checking.  These 
several ways of accessing data are being called 'aliasing' -- I have no 
comment on whether that's standard usage or not, because I don't know.  
I suspect that aliasing is normally used for something closer to the 
physical level.  The point is that whatever "aliasing" really means, 
what we're discussing is having two paths by which one may access 
identical data.

So there are infinitely complex ways in which this can occur.  I can 
have pointers that are aliased.  I can have integers, which by 
themselves are just plain values, but can alias each other as indices 
into an array.  I can have strings that do the same thing for an 
associative array.  I can, of course, have arbitrarily more complex data 
structures with exactly the same issue.  I can also have two different 
WHERE clauses, which when applied to the same relation yield exactly the 
same set of tuples.  The problem arises when code is written to update 
some value (or set of tuples, in the SQL case, since definitions differ 
there) using one pointer/int/string/WHERE clause/etc, and at the same 
time an invariant was written using the other pointer/int/WHERE/etc, the 
result is that either of:

a) The compiler has to be able to prove that the two are not aliased

b) The compiler has to re-evaluate the invariant from scratch when this 
operation is performed.

(Yeah, there's actually a whole continuum between a and b, based on more 
limited abilities of the compiler to prove things.  I'm oversimplifying, 
and I think it's rather benign in this case.)

So in this sense, a WHERE clause is a binary operation in exactly the 
same way that an array indexing expression is a binary operation, and 
both are capable of aliasing in at least this logical sense.

Now it's certainly true that languages with unrestricted pointers are 
less successful at limiting the scope of re-evaluation of invariants.  
In the array or SQL relation cases, there's a limited set of value/tuple 
modifications that might cause the invariant to need rechecking 
(specifically those that point to the same array, or to the relation or 
one of its views).  A language with unrestricted untyped pointers, if it 
doesn't get lucky with the capture analysis, may have to re-evaluate all 
invariants in the application on any given assignment.  Nevertheless, 
the re-evaluation of the invariant still needs to be done.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer /Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul  4 06:45:23 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (Rony Steelandt)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 12:45:23 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44aa35db$0$862$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakgtn.8es.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44aa45e1$0$856$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>


"Sybren Stuvel" <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> a ?crit dans le 
message de news: slrneakgtn.8es.sybrenUSE at schuimige.stuvel.eu...
> Rony Steelandt enlightened us with:
>> it looks like both zip files are corrupted (for windows platform)?
>
> Can you tell me more? So far I can only tell you that they work just
> fine for me, and 'unzip -t puzzlepack*.zip' tells me the ZIP is fine.
> This is on Linux.
>
> Sybren
> -- 
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                             Frank Zappa

Yes, this is on windows using winzip
It says the zip file is not a valid zipfile

Could you send your zip directly to me by mail ?  bucodi (at) yahoo (dot) fr


Rony




From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 13:02:51 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 19:02:51 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com> <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44be65df$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> Nope, it's about trying to make sure that anyone googling for a similar 
> problem will notice the canonical solution somehow.
> 

Hey, I challenge you to cook up a plausible query even loosely fitting your 
"googling for a similar problem" that would return my answer but not that of the 
other posters (nor the faq itself, oeuf corse).

Best, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"



From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 09:47:54 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:47:54 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8444.1153740223.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <10dwlq3pmf3s8.1byj2h5rxnc0g.dlg@40tude.net>

On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:23:12 +0100, Steve Holden wrote:


> The impression I get is that Rails is relatively inflexible 
> on database schemas,

Django has the same problem. E.g. both Django ORM and ActiveRecord cannot
work with complex primary keys. But for Rails there is a solution for even
very strange created databases: rBatis
(http://jutopia.tirsen.com/articles/tag/rbatis) it is Ruby port of java
Ibatis (http://ibatis.apache.org/)

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From jjl at pobox.com  Tue Jul 25 14:24:28 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 19:24:28 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ea2ais$jud$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <u8xmhbl0j.fsf@pobox.com>

Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> writes:
[...]
> Well, my view is that both are frameworks, and so you will inevitably 
> "run out of steam" at some point if your implementation plans become too 
> ambitious. The impression I get is that Rails is relatively inflexible 
> on database schemas, and once you get "off the beaten track" it gets 
> difficult to cope with complex existing databases.

I get that overall impression of Django too (as being more tightly
coupled to itself, hence less flexible, when compared with TurboGears
in particular).  I haven't done much with it yet, though (and
presumably the 'magic-removal' branch landing did some good).

What do you make of the rest of Django (aside from the DB stuff)?

It's a shame TurboGears doesn't yet have a solid "out of the box" CRUD
admin interface as Django.


John



From spe.stani.be at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 20:55:00 2006
From: spe.stani.be at gmail.com (SPE - Stani's Python Editor)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 17:55:00 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152665700.509444.193790@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

mamadu at islamabad.net schreef:

> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?
You could choose for SPE (http://pythonide.stani.be). If you donate as
little as $1 (more is of course welcome), you'll receive the SPE manual
as a pdf.

> PS: I use Debian GNU/Linux on all my computers, a 500MHz proc, 256MB
> RAM.
There is a deb package for SPE on the SPE website. Install that one
rather than the package on MOTU, which seems to be broken.

Stani
--
http://pythonide.stani.be



From luismmorales at trazos.net  Mon Jul 17 11:15:05 2006
From: luismmorales at trazos.net (Luis Morales)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:15:05 +0200
Subject: wx mouse states
Message-ID: <000001c6a9b3$c940b8e0$5bc22aa0$@net>

Hello i using GetMouseState() to get the position in X and Y of the mouse
pointer over time with the use of ScreenToCliente to get local windows
coordinates in windows in work like a charm no problem the app is fast and
works how it should. But on macos I get this damn error msg

 

ms = wx.GetMouseState()

 

Attribute error: 'module object has no attribute 'GetMouseState'

 

 

 

I using the laster version wxwindows 2.6 on both windows and mac os x 10.4.5

 

 

 

Any help folks :D

 

-------------- next part --------------
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From n8pease at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 19:34:24 2006
From: n8pease at yahoo.com (nate)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 16:34:24 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

try this:

gname = 'nate'
def test():
   gname = 'amy'
   print gname

test()
print gname

outputs:
'amy'
'nate'

whereas this:
gname = 'nate'
def test():
   global gname
   gname = 'amy'
   print gname

test()
print gname

outputs:
'amy'
'amy'

Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> > def doIt(name=None):
> >   global gname
> >   if name is None:
> >     name = gname
> >   else:
> >     gname = name
> >
>
> Sorry for this very basic question, but I don't understand why I should
> add the global into the function body before using it.
> This function works even if I don't add the global.
> Just to try this out, I wrote this variant:
>
> gname = 'Luis'
>
> def doIt2(name=None):
> 	if name is None:
> 		name = gname
> 	return name
>
> print doIt2()  --> returns Luis.
>
> So, what's the point of writing the function this way instead?
>
> def doIt2(name=None):
>         global gname
> 	if name is None:
> 		name = gname
> 	return name
> 
> 
> luis



From assafal at ensieta.fr  Tue Jul  4 06:09:31 2006
From: assafal at ensieta.fr (aliassaf)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 03:09:31 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: change the size of front
Message-ID: <5165024.post@talk.nabble.com>


hi, 
I want to change the size of the front in a legend, i wrote this small
program and it got to me this message error!!!

from pylab import *
plot([1,2,3],'r')
legend('this',prop = FontProperties('smaller') )
show()

NameError: name 'FontProperties' is not defined

thanks 
-- 
View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/change-the-size-of-front-tf1889113.html#a5165024
Sent from the Python - python-list forum at Nabble.com.



From umabhece at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 10:22:08 2006
From: umabhece at gmail.com (Vusi)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 07:22:08 -0700
Subject: Program analysis (pseudocode if possible)
Message-ID: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

#include <err.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <net/route.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if_ether.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include "ipschema.h"
#include "ssrv/sockaddr.h"

#ifndef lint
__RCSID("$Id: ethip.c 2314 2004-12-29 01:00:25Z dyoung $");
#endif

#define ETHIP "ethip"
#define WLANIP "wlanip"
#define RTMSGIP "rtip"
#define ETH6IP "eth6ip"
#define WLAN6IP "wlan6ip"

#define ENDSWITH(s, end) (strlen((s)) >= strlen((end)) && \
                          strcmp((s) + strlen((s)) - strlen((end)),
end) == 0)

void
usage(const char *proggie)
{
	errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Usage: %s <interface>", proggie);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char buf[100];
	struct sockaddr_dl *sdl;
	int masklen, rc;
	struct sockaddr *iaddr;
	struct ether_addr mac;
	struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifa_iter;
	ab_to_ip_t ab_to_ip;

	if (argc < 2)
		usage(argv[0]);

	if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], ETHIP)) {
		ab_to_ip = ab_to_eth_ip;
	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], WLANIP)) {
		ab_to_ip = ab_to_wlan_ip;
	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], RTMSGIP)) {
		ab_to_ip = ab_to_routemsg_ip;
	} else if (ENDSWITH(argv[0], ETH6IP)) {
		ab_to_ip = ab_to_eth_ip6;
	} else {
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: unimplemented.", argv[0]);
	}

	if (getifaddrs(&ifap) == -1)
		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "ioctl");

	for (ifa_iter = ifap; ifa_iter; ifa_iter = ifa_iter->ifa_next)
		if (strcmp(ifa_iter->ifa_name, argv[1]) == 0)
			break;

	if (!ifa_iter)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "no such interface as %s", argv[1]);

	for (ifa_iter = ifap; ifa_iter; ifa_iter = ifa_iter->ifa_next) {
		if (strcmp(ifa_iter->ifa_name, argv[1]) != 0)
			continue;
		if (ifa_iter->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_LINK)
			break;
	}

	if (!ifa_iter)
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "no link-level address for %s", argv[1]);

	sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)ifa_iter->ifa_addr;

	(void)memcpy(&mac, LLADDR(sdl), sizeof(mac));
	masklen = mac_to_ip(&mac, ab_to_ip, &iaddr);
	rc = sockaddr_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%a", iaddr);
	if (rc == -1 || rc >= sizeof(buf))
		errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "%s: sockaddr_snprintf", getprogname());
	sockaddr_free(iaddr);
	(void)printf("%s/%d\n", buf, masklen);

	freeifaddrs(ifap);
	return 0;
}



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 26 09:11:31 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:11:31 +0100
Subject: pyOpenGL tom demo segmentation fault
In-Reply-To: <1153918508.038805.284240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153918508.038805.284240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea7pma$occ$1@sea.gmane.org>

matthew wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I have Python 2-4-2,
> Numpy 24.2, and  PyOpenGL-2.0.2.01 install, along with glut 3.7.
> 
> The 1st 'funny' thing is that I always seem to get two pythons in
> /usr/local/bin, ie python and python2.4.  These are exactly the same
> timestamp and size.
> 
That's probably because they are both links to the same file. The 
UNIX/Linux filesystem uses directory entries (links) to point to data 
files, and so these two are almost certainly referencing the same data.

> The other problem is that the demos in ../site-packages/OpenGL/Demo/tom
> crash with a segmentation fault, although others (eg in ../NeHe) work
> OK.
> 
If you don't get a traceback or any other diagnostic output it's rather 
difficult to deduce what's causing the problem unless this is a known 
bug. It does appear there may be problems with both numpy and opengl.

> I would be most grateful for any help ...
> 
Others may be more assistance with the seg fault.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 10:51:40 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 09:51:40 -0500
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05>

zxo102 wrote:

> Hi everyone,
>     I am using a python socket server to collect data from a socket
> client and then control a image location ( wxpython) with the data,
> i.e. moving the image around in the wxpython frame.
>    But  the "app.MainLoop()" in wxpython looks like conflicting with
> the "while 1:" in socket server. After I commented the
> "app.MainLoop()", everything is working except two things:
>      1. if I click anywhere on the screen with the mouse, the image is
> gong and only the empty frame( or panel) is left.
>      2. if I don't  touch anything, the image is being moved around but
> the previous images are left behind in the panel.
>     I guess that may be caused by "app.MainLoop()" commented.
>    Anybody knows how to make the two things work together? I really
> appreciate your help.
>    My sample code is modified based on the wxpython demo: image.py.
> socket client is also attached for your reference.
> 
> Ouyang
> 
> ################ socket server with wxpython ##############
> 
> from Main import opj
> import wx,string
> class MMCS(wx.Frame):
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.bmp = wx.Image(opj('bitmaps/image.bmp'),
> wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
>         self.bmp.SetMask(True)
>         wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title='monitoring system',
> size=(500,600))
>         self.panel = wx.Panel(self,-1)
> 
>     def monitor(self,x,y,angle):
>         bmp = self.bmp.Rotate(angle, (x,y), True,None)
>         bmp = bmp.ConvertToBitmap()
> 
>         wx.StaticBitmap(self.panel, -1, bmp, (x, y), (bmp.GetWidth(),
> bmp.GetHeight()))
>         del bmp
> 
> app = wx.PySimpleApp()
> frame = MMCS()
> frame.Show()
> frame.monitor(50,10,0.0)
> #app.MainLoop()
> 
> # Server program
> from socket import *
> # Set the socket parameters
> host = "192.168.0.2"
> port = 21567
> buf = 1024
> addr = (host,port)
> 
> # Create socket and bind to address
> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> UDPSock.bind(addr)
> 
> # Receive messages
> while 1:
> data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
> if not data:
> print "Client has exited!"
> break
> else:
> print "\nReceived message '", data,"'"
>                          d = string.split(data, '-')
> 
> frame.monitor(string.atoi(d[0]),string.atoi(d[1]),string.atof(d[2]))
> if data == 'END':
> print "end of moving the ship"
> 
> # Close socket
> UDPSock.close()
> 
> ############# socket client ######################>
> rom socket import *
> import time
> 
> # Set the socket parameters
> host = "192.168.0.2"
> port = 21567
> buf = 1024
> addr = (host,port)
> 
> # Create socket
> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> def_msg = "===Enter message to send to server===";
> print "\n",def_msg
> 
> # Send messages
> while (1):
>           for i in range(100):
>                time.sleep(1)
> data = "50-100-%s"%(0.1*i)
> if(UDPSock.sendto(data,addr)):
> print "Sending message '",data,"'....."
> # Close socket
> UDPSock.close()


If you get rid of app.MaiLoop(), you basically get rid of all GUI events.
You need to have you server in a separate thread.

Philippe




From DustanGroups at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 08:01:59 2006
From: DustanGroups at gmail.com (Dustan)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:01:59 -0700
Subject: Grail not downloading
In-Reply-To: <44C3F095.7090006@v.loewis.de>
References: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44C3F095.7090006@v.loewis.de>
Message-ID: <1153828919.178891.65010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> Dustan wrote:
> > Does anybody know anything about Grail?  I've been  unable to get at
> > it, and I've tried on both Windows and Macintosh machines.
> >
> > http://grail.sourceforge.net/
>
> The files just don't exist, physically, on the server (if you have
> an SF account, you can check this yourself). However, it appears
> that the source code is still available through CVS:
>
> http://grail.cvs.sourceforge.net/grail/grail/
>
> Regards,
> Martin

I appreciate the info. I couldn't exactly attempt to download the files
manually, though. ;)



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 21:58:10 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 18:58:10 -0700
Subject: efficiency question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7650.1151666125.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <6AD91BEE-08AF-446D-AE17-B2FB5532E7FE@math.harvard.edu>
	<mailman.7650.1151666125.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151805490.226256.146780@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for this thing.

http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-dis.html     made it more
clear.

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> David Harvey wrote:
>
> > Suppose I write
> >
> > if x in ("abc", "def", "xyz"):
> > doStuff()
> >
> > elif x in ("pqr", "tuv", "123"):
> > doOtherStuff()
> >
> > elif ...
> > When is python building the tuples? Does it need to build the tuple
> > every time it comes through this code? Or does it somehow recognise
> > that they are constant and cache them?
>
> when in doubt, ask the compiler:
>
> def code(x):
>     if x in ("abc", "def", "xyz"):
>         doStuff()
>     elif x in ("pqr", "tuv", "123"):
>         doOtherStuff()
>
> import dis
> dis.dis(code)
>
> prints:
>
>   2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
>               3 LOAD_CONST               7 (('abc', 'def', 'xyz'))
>               6 COMPARE_OP               6 (in)
>               9 JUMP_IF_FALSE           11 (to 23)
>              12 POP_TOP
>
>   3          13 LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (doStuff)
>              16 CALL_FUNCTION            0
>              19 POP_TOP
>              20 JUMP_FORWARD            25 (to 48)
>         >>   23 POP_TOP
>
>   4          24 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
>              27 LOAD_CONST               8 (('pqr', 'tuv', '123'))
>              30 COMPARE_OP               6 (in)
>              33 JUMP_IF_FALSE           11 (to 47)
>              36 POP_TOP
>
>   5          37 LOAD_GLOBAL              2 (doOtherStuff)
>              40 CALL_FUNCTION            0
>              43 POP_TOP
>              44 JUMP_FORWARD             1 (to 48)
>         >>   47 POP_TOP
>         >>   48 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
>              51 RETURN_VALUE
>
> so the answer is "yes, in this specific case".
>
> > (The tuples I have in mind are of course much longer than three
> > elements)
>
> in that case, you should probably use pre-calculated sets instead of tuples.
> 
> </F>



From bob at ubuntu-desktop.com  Fri Jul 28 14:12:27 2006
From: bob at ubuntu-desktop.com (bob)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:12:27 +0100
Subject: python and dbus - beginner seeking some help
References: <pan.2006.07.28.18.02.57.770161@ubuntu-desktop.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.18.12.27.800646@ubuntu-desktop.com>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:03:00 +0100, bob wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> First of all, does anyone know whether dbus will allow be to do 3 things:
> 
> 1.  query whether or not there is a dvd drive.
> 2.  query whether or not there is a blank disc in it.
> 3.  query what it's capacity is.
> 
> If I'm barking up the wrong tree, what should I be considering instead ?
> 
> If I am thinking along the right lines, then I'd be grateful for any links
> to any guides or tutorials relating to dbus. I have tried looking and
> found nothing uesful yet, and I will continue to do so, but I was hoping
> someone could help.
> 
> Thanks for reading :-)

I've found some info at:

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus

but even still, additional info can't do any harm, especially if I
struggle to make sense of the information at the above location.



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:41:36 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:41:36 -0300
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <7bp5qn9iy67r.4knaqqwqt5bg.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-13 07:42:51, Fredrik Lundh wrote:

>> Could anyone explain me how the python string "?" is mapped to
>> the binary code "\xe9" in my python interpreter ?
> 
> in the iso-8859-1 character set, the character ? is represented by the code
> 0xE9 (233 in decimal).  there's no mapping going on here; there's only one
> character in the string.  how it appears on your screen depends on how you
> print it, and what encoding your terminal is using.

If I understand you correctly, you are saying that if I distribute a file
with the following lines:
 
  s = "?"
  print s

I basically need to distribute also the information how the file is encoded
and every user needs to use the same (or a compatible) encoding for reading
this file?

Is there a standard way to do this?

Gerhard
Gerhard



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 05:54:53 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:54:53 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <44bdf684$0$12447$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bdf684$0$12447$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153302893.393833.77570@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Sanjay wrote:
> > Hi Alex,
> >
> > Thanks for the input.
> >
> > Being new to Python, and after having selected Python in comparison to
> > ruby (Turbogears vs Rails) , is jerks me a bit. In my openion it should
> > be an obvious and easy to implement feature and must be, if not already
> > have been, planned in future releases of Python.
> >
> > Would love to listen to others.
>
> I've never had a use case for this kind of feature in the past seven years.

Interesting. Are there other use cases you did not have too?



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 04:15:25 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:15:25 +0200
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
In-Reply-To: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b6011e$0$23087$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Sanjay wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I am new to python. Sorry if this is too novice question, but I could
> not find an answer yet.
> 
> While coding a business class library, I think it is preferable to have
> one class per source file, rather than combining all classes into one
> file, considering multiple developers developing the classes.

The "multiple developpers" already implies the use of a CVS, so it's a
dubious argument here IMHO. Also, Python is not Java, and doesn't force
you into using classes when other constructs will do (functions, dicts
etc). The organization of the source should be done with the
hi-cohesion/low-coupling rule in mind, ie symbols that are very closely
related should go in a same module.

> So, as per my study of python, a developer using the business class
> library has to write so many imports, one per class. Like:
> 
> from person import Person
> from contact import Contact
> .

As you already noticed, this sucks.

> Is there not a simple solution,

- use a CVS (not necessarily 'the' CVS - subversion is somewhat better,
and there are other options too) to address the multi-developper problem
- put closely related symbols in a same module
- put closely related modules in a same package

> a single import and you are able to use
> all the classes?

Python as packages:
http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html#SECTION008400000000000000000

> Is there anything wrong in my approcah?

cf above

HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From python at rcn.com  Fri Jul 21 17:18:16 2006
From: python at rcn.com (Raymond Hettinger)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 14:18:16 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <1153516696.642648.91260@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Boris Borcic wrote:
> does
>
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>
> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
> with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?


Try this:

    x.sort(key=lambda x: random.random())


Raymond



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 13:00:51 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:00:51 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152291651.412582.281010@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thomas Nelson wrote:
> I have this code:
> type1 = [0]
> type2 = [0]
> type3 = [0]
> map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}  # the real map is
> longer than this
>
> def increment(value):
> 	map[value][0] += 1
>
> increment(1)
> increment(1)
> increment(0)
> increment(4)
> #increment will actually be called many times through other functions
> print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]
> #should print "3 1 0"
>
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?
>
> Thanks,
> THN

In this case, lists are unnecessary.  Just use ints.

Since your "type codes" are ints, you can create your map like this
(assuming 10 types):

map = dict((n, 0) for n in range(10))


Then your increment function becomes:

def increment(value):
	map[value] += 1


And instead of,
print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]

say,
print map[0], map[1], map[2]


Peace,
~Simon



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 19:13:53 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:13:53 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> > Philippe Martin wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Thanks John, I do not have a long available on the device: stuck with 16
> >> bits.
> >>
> >
> > What does "available on the device" mean? Having a "long" is a property
> > of a C complier, not a device. What is the CPU in the device? What is
> > the C compiler you are using? N.B. Last time I looked, gcc would
> > generate code for just about any CPU since Babbage's. I would expect
> > *any* C compiler that is targetting a 16-bit CPU to provide a 32-bit
> > long and generate reasonably efficient code for most simple operations.
> > Is there no library of utility routines for *elementary* base
> > conversions such as you need? Is there no 32-bit-arithmetic-simulation
> > package?
>
> Hi John,
>
> I'm working on an embedded 8 bit device and have no choice as to which
> cross-compiler to use: in this case the guy knows up to short and that's
> it.
>

What do you mean, no choice? You generate code, you stuff it into the
device, it doesn't give a rat's where the code came from ...

Perhaps we could help you better if you actually answered the
questions, like:
    What is the CPU in the device?
    What is the C compiler you are using?

Is there an assembler for the CPU that's in the device?

Have you considered asking on a newsgroup where your problem might
actually be on-topic, like:
    comp.lang.c
    a NG devoted to microprocessors
?



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Wed Jul 12 19:17:31 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 23:17:31 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Marshall wrote:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
[...]
>>Preconditions/postconditions can express anything you want, and they are
>>an absolutely natural extensions of what's commonly called a type
>>(actually the more powerful type systems have quite a broad overlap with
>>assertions).
>>I'd essentially want to have an assertion language, with primitives for
>>type expressions.
> 
> Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
> these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
> right? In other words, we can consider contracts in light of
> inheritance, but the actual verification and checking happens
> at runtime, yes?

For DBC as implemented in Eiffel, yes.

> Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
> this raises decidability issues.)

It is certainly possible to prove statically that some assertions cannot fail.

The ESC/Java 2 (http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/docs.html)
tool for JML (http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/JML/) is one system that does
this -- although some limitations and usability problems are described in
<http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/ESCTools/papers/CASSIS2004.pdf>.

> Mightn't it also be possible to
> leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
> was compile-time or runtime?

That would be possible, but IMHO a better option would be for an IDE to give
an indication (by highlighting, for example), which contracts are dynamically
checked and which are static.

This property is, after all, not something that the program should depend on.
It is determined by how good the static checker currently is, and we want to be
able to improve checkers (and perhaps even allow them to regress slightly in
order to simplify them) without changing programs.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From justask at acme.com  Fri Jul 28 02:06:10 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:06:10 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
Message-ID: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>

Hello

I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.

What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?

Thank you.


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 10:58:30 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:58:30 GMT
Subject: Functions and code objects
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980DA280AB80Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Fuzzyman wrote:

>> I'd like to construct the code object so that it takes the parameters
>> from the enclosing scope (the context I pass into exec I guess),
>> without clobbering any local variables that may be defined in the code
>> object.
>>
>> Anyone got any clues ?

Does this do what you wanted? Instead of messing about with the code object 
just work out which values from the namespace the function actually 
expects.

>>> def callfromnamespace(fn, namespace):
    names = fn.func_code.co_varnames[:fn.func_code.co_argcount]
    fn(**dict((name, namespace[name])
        for name in names if name in namespace))

    
>>> def f(x, y=99):
    z = 2
    print x, y, z

    
>>> x = 42
>>> callfromnamespace(f, globals())
42 99 2
>>> y = 37
>>> callfromnamespace(f, globals())
42 37 2
>>> def testme():
    x = 3
    callfromnamespace(f, vars())
    y = 9
    callfromnamespace(f, vars())

    
>>> testme()
3 99 2
3 9 2


From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 24 14:51:35 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:51:35 -0000
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ca5ln1qq82k36@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-24, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com <alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com> wrote:

>>> import serial
>>> s = serial.Serial(0, baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=None)
>>> s.write("\x33")
>>> s.write("\x00")
>>> s.write("\x00")
>>> s.read()   # "\x00" is returned here. This byte was already in the receive buffer before issueing the write commands.
>>> s.read()   # The interpreter is blocked here as there is nothing to read from the serial port.

Can you verify that the device is actually responding by
watching the data line with an oscilloscope?

> I'm completely clueless and would really appreciate your
> comments. If it helps, I can post a log from a serial port
> monitor captured when the provided T-logger program pulls data
> from the device,

I take it that means that other programs are able to read from
the device?

> as well as a log when pyserial is used.

Logs of the serial traffic would be helpful.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  It's the land of
                                  at               DONNY AND MARIE as promised
                               visi.com            in TV GUIDE!


From http  Tue Jul 18 02:43:44 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 23:43:44 -0700
Subject: Capturing instant messages
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xvepvwgyn.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Ed Leafe <ed at leafe.com> writes:
> 	But assuming that there is no such product, would it be
> possible to  create something in Python, using the socket or a similar
> module?  They have a number of servers that provide NAT for each group
> of  machines; I was thinking that something on those servers could
> capture all traffic on port 5190 and write it to disk. Is this
> reasonable, or am I being too simplistic in my approach?

Are you talking about IM's within the company, or over the internet?
According to

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_Message

There are about a bazillion different protocols in use.  You have to
make sure everyone's using the same thing.  Some of these protocols
use end to end encryption, which means logging at the network side
would just record ciphertext.  You need to get these issues figured out.

Also ask them if they're sure they need to log the conversations.
According to some legal decisions, in some states, logging chats
without both parties' permission is illegal, like recording a phone
call.  IM's are supposed to be transient communications, unlike email.
As such, logging all the company's IM's is sort of like audio
recording all the company's phone calls.  I think the company should
get a lawyer to look at this question if it hasn't already.


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 07:47:43 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:47:43 GMT
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:

> I'm planning to implement threads in my application so that multiple
> items can be downloaded concurrently. I want the thread option to be
> user-defined.
> 
> Looking at the documentation of threads (Core Python Programming), I've
> noticed that all threads are executed a once. Depending upon what they
> are doing, some finish early and some later.
> 
> But I want to implement something like:
> 
> for item in list_items:
>     for num in thread_args:
>        thread[num].start()
>        thread[num].start()
> 
> Is this the correct way of threading applications ?
> This is the first time I'd be doing threading. So was looking for
> comments and suggestions.
> 

What you want is to use a pool of threads so that you can configure how 
many requests are issued at a time (you don't want to try to issue 100 
requests all in parallel). You can communicate with the threads through a 
Queue.

So if the code for a thread looks like:

   def run(request, response):
       while 1:
           item = request.get()
           if item is None:
                break
           response.put(download_from_web(item))

# your main loop can be something like:

requestQueue = Queue()
responseQueue = Queue()
thread_pool = [
        Thread(target=run, args=(requestQueue, responseQueue)
        for i in range(numthreads)]
for t in thread_pool: t.start()

for item in list_items:
     requestQueue.put(item)

for i in range(len(list_items)):
    response = responseQueue.get()
    handle_response(response)

# and then to shut down the threads when you've finished:
for t in thread_pool:
    requestQueue.put(None)
for t in thread_pool:
     t.join()



From eugene at boardkulture.com  Wed Jul 26 02:05:25 2006
From: eugene at boardkulture.com (3KWA)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 23:05:25 -0700
Subject: doctest with variable return value
In-Reply-To: <ea5kpc$onk$03$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<ea5kpc$onk$03$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153893925.316619.298380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Peter Otten wrote:

> You cannot test for an unknown value, but you can do some sanity checks:
>
>     >>> rate = get_rate('AUDEUR')
>     >>> rate > 0
>     True
>     >>> isinstance(rate, float)
>     True
>
> This will at least make sure that get_rate() does not throw an exception.

Thanks a lot ... sanity checks ... it makes a lot of sense to me!

At EuroPython I attended a talk where someone said that untested code
is nothing ... so I am trying to write something instead of nothing ...
on the other hand can code ever be over tested?

EuGeNe



From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Wed Jul 19 09:53:50 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:53:50 +0200
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>
	<e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <e9ldhe$mba$1@news.sap-ag.de>

Sion Arrowsmith wrote:
> Daniel Dittmar  <daniel.dittmar at sap.corp> wrote:
>>         if line [:1] == '#':
> 
> What's wrong with line[0] == '#' ? (For one thing, it's fractionally
> faster than [:1].)
> 

Matter of taste. Occasionally, I use line iterators that strip the '\n' 
from the end of each line, so empty lines have to be handled. Of course, 
in my example code, one could have moved the check for the empty line 
before the check for the comment.

Daniel


From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 15:55:28 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:55:28 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net> <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>

David Hopwood wrote:
> 
> public class LoopInitTest {
>     public static String getString() { return "foo"; }
> 
>     public static void main(String[] args) {
>         String line = getString();
>         boolean is_last = false;
> 
>         while (!is_last) {
>             if (line.charAt(0) == 'q') {
>                 is_last = true;
>             }
> 
>             // insert line into inputs (not important for analysis)
> 
>             if (!is_last) {
>                 line = getString();
>             }
>         }
>     }
> }
> 
> which compiles without error, because is_last is definitely initialized.

At what point do you think is_last or line would seem to not be 
initialized? They're both set at the start of the function, and (given 
that it's Java) nothing can unset them.

At the start of the while loop, it's initialized. At the end of the 
while loop, it's initialized. So the merge point of the while loop has 
it marked as initialized.

Now, if the "insert line into inputs" actually unset "line", then yes, 
you're right, Hermes would complain about this.

Alternately, if you say
    if (x) v = 1;
    if (x) v += 1;
then Hermes would complain when it wouldn't need to. However, that's 
more a limitation of the typestate checking algorithms than the concept 
itself; that is to say, clearly the typestate checker could be made 
sufficiently intelligent to track most simple versions of this problem 
and not complain, by carrying around conditionals in the typestate 
description.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 07:51:08 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:51:08 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152185118.897085.170570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8itfe$7ha$1@sea.gmane.org>

"manstey" <manstey at csu.edu.au> wrote:

> That doesn't work. I just get an error:
>
>    x = eval(line.strip('\n'))
>  File "<string>", line 1
>     [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>
> SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
>
> any other ideas?

hint 1:

>>> eval("[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]\n")
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>>> eval("[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]")
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

hint 2:

>>> eval("")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<string>", line 0

    ^
SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
>>> eval("\n")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<string>", line 1

    ^
SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing

hint 3: adding a "print" statement *before* the offending line is often a good way
to figure out why something's not working.  "repr()" is also a useful thing:

    if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
        print repr(line) # DEBUG: let's see what we're trying to evaluate
        x = eval(line)
        dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is

</F> 





From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 05:51:58 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:51:58 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97pp2$9p0$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> void foo() {
>   int i = 0;
>   int j = 0;
>   j = 1;
>   i = 2;
>   // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled
 >   // in above.
>   // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.
> }
> 
> Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
> identity.

Sure. To state it more clearly, they cannot be aliases.

 > But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
> without the possibility of identity.

You're being a bit sloppy with terminology here. "Identity" in the 
phrase above refers to two entities, in the sense of "i and j cannot be 
identical".
Identity is actually a property of a single entity, namely that what 
remains constant regardless of what you do with the entity.

Regards,
Jo


From tim.peters at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 09:18:38 2006
From: tim.peters at gmail.com (Tim Peters)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:18:38 -0400
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <1f7befae0607210618l6905675aide866b4c35b32d04@mail.gmail.com>

[ Boris Borcic]
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?

Say len(x) == N.  With Python's current sort, the conjecture is true
if and only if N <= 2.

> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort,

No idea what that could mean in a rigorous, algorithm-independent way.

> I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
> with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?

If a list is already sorted, or reverse-sorted, the minimum number of
comparisons needed to determine that is N-1, and Python's current sort
achieves that.  It first looks for the longest ascending or descending
run.  If comparison outcomes are random, it will decide "yes, already
sorted" with probability 1/2**(N-1), and likewise for reverse-sorted.
When N > 2, those are larger than the "correct" probabilities 1/(N!).
So., e.g., when N=3, the sort will leave the list alone 1/4th of the
time (and will reverse the list in-place another 1/4th).  That makes
the identity and reversal permutations much more likely than "they
should be", and the bias is worse as N increases.

Of course random.shuffle(x) is the intended way to effect a
permutation uniformly at random.


From dave at zaret.com  Mon Jul 31 07:20:34 2006
From: dave at zaret.com (David Zaret)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:20:34 GMT
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <44cddf25$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<44cddf25$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44CDE781.7000509@zaret.com>

thanks for the many responses.

i have zero control over the dict.  in practice, i'm using turbogears 
which is "automatically" populating the result dict with zero-to-many 
choices from a generated list of HTML checkboxes.  the user can select 
none, one, or many, and submit.  cherrypy packs the **kwargs arg full of 
the selection, as i described in my op.

using a try/exception case to switch between append and extend will not 
work.  the scalar, coming back as a string, can certainly be iterated 
and i'll end up with a bunch of characters in my list.

i like what's posted below - that's more compact - and at least closer 
to what i was looking for.

thanks again, great newsgroup.

---- dz




Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> David Zaret wrote:
>> i have a dict with a particular key - the values for this key will be
>> None, one valid scalar, or a list:
>>
>>     {mykey, None}
>>     {mykey, "foo"}
>>     {mykey, ["bar", "baz"]}
>>
>> let's ignore the None case - in the case of the one or many values, i
>> want to suck the values into a list.  here's one way to do this:
>>
>>             if mydict.has_key(mykey):
>>                 vals=[]
>>                 _v = mydict[mykey]
>>                 if isinstance(_v, types.ListType):
>>                     vals.extend(_v)
>>                 else:
>>                     vals.append(_v)
>>                 #   now we can safely iterate through acts
>>         for val in vals:
>>             .....
>>
>>
>> my way is ugly.  what's a better way?
> 
> If you have control over the dict's creation and 'filling', you may want
> to handle the case there - eventually using a custom dict-like object
> that stores everything (but None) in lists. The implementation code for
> this object will not be less ugly than the one above, but at least
> ugliness will be hidden away !-)
> 
> Else, you can shorten the code a bit (NB : ignoring the 'None' case...):
> 
>   v = d[k]
>   v = ([v], v)[isinstance(v, list)]
> 
> And this can be hidden away in a function:
> 
> def get_as_list(d, k):
>   v = d[k]
>   return ([v], v)[isinstance(v, list)]
> 
> vals = get_as_list(mydict, mykey)
> 
> 
> I don't like using isinstance() tests too much, but it depends on the
> context...
> 
> HTH
> 


From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 22:07:52 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 19:07:52 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153447672.312522.121400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Ed Jensen wrote:
> Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
> > Ah, you mean like in JAVA
>
> Java is not an acronym.  That is: it's "Java", not "JAVA".
>
> > where the compiler prevents you from accessing
> > private variables, but the runtime allows access to these very variables
> > via reflection?
>
> Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.

Actually it does.



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Mon Jul 31 01:56:05 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 22:56:05 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <44cd0673$0$5486$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca4465$0$20963$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154280069.825257.83170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44cd0673$0$5486$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154325365.594907.96420@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote:
> alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> > Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote:
> [...]
> >
> > I thank you for your response. The equivalent of your solution is
> > posted hereunder:
> > class cA(object):
> >         count=0
> >         def __init__(self):
> >                 self.__class__.count +=1
> >         @classmethod
> >         def getcount(cls):
> >                 return cls.count
> > 	def __del__(self):
> > 		self.__class__.count -=1
> > class cB(cA):
> >         count=0
> >         def __init__(self):
> > 		super(cB,self).__init__()
> > 		for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
> > 			klass.count +=1
> >
> > a=cA() ; b=cA(); c= cA()
> > d=cB() ; e=cB(); f= cB()
> > a.a=1;b.a=1;c.a=1;d.a=1;e.a=1;f.a=1
> > g=cA()
> > g.a=1
> > print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 7
> > print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
> > del g
> > print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 6
> > print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
> >
> > There is nothing impossible in Python ;-)
> >
> > Alain
> >
>
> Well, nothing is impossible, but it is now much much more complex ! As a
> proof of that, your version does not work completely :P (try deleting d
> for example).
>
> I add a working version, but you will also notice that I have to
> *explicitly* walk over all the classes of the hierarchy, testing for the
> one who have a "count" attribute, hoping that this attribute is indeed
> for counting the number of objects and not anything else ... so the
> solution is quite fragile and very slow.
>
> class cA(object):
>         count=0
>         def __init__(self):
>                 self.__class__.count +=1
>                 for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
>                         if hasattr( klass, "count" ):
>                                 klass.count += 1
>
>         @classmethod
>         def getcount(cls):
>                 return cls.count
>         def __del__(self):
>                 self.__class__.count -=1
>                 for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
>                         if hasattr( klass, "count" ):
>                                 klass.count -= 1
> class cB(cA):
>         count=0
>
> a=cA() ; b=cA(); c= cA()
> d=cB() ; e=cB(); f= cB()
> a.a=1;b.a=1;c.a=1;d.a=1;e.a=1;f.a=1
> g=cA()
> g.a=1
> print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 7
> print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
> del g
> del d
> print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 5
> print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  2
>
> Pierre

Good point Pierre. But you'll have to admit that the class usage in
Python is much simpler (just derive from the class)
class cB(cA):
      count=0
contrarily to the C++ usage where you must remind the compiler of the
Counted class in every derived class.

In  Python, you have to bite only once thru the sour apple .... 


Alain



From bmccann at andmore.com  Tue Jul 25 10:10:20 2006
From: bmccann at andmore.com (McCann, Brian)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 10:10:20 -0400
Subject: M2Crypto and general HTTPS help needed
Message-ID: <A272EB3E7DECD641A6A8854D613787259335B4@diopside.andmore.com>

Hi all.  I'm trying to connect to an HTTPS server and fetch a page, and
I can get that working fine by doing the following:

>>> from M2Crypto import Rand, SSL, m2urllib
>>> url = m2urllib.FancyURLopener()
>>> u = url.open('https://127.0.0.1')
>>> data = u.read()
>>> print data
>>> u.close()

However, I'm trying to verify that the certificate on the server has the
right CN on it, to validate that the site really is who it's supposed to
be.  However, for the life of me I can't figure this out.  I've read
through the documentation on M2Crypto (which is cryptic itself), and I
know I'm still really stupid when it comes to Python, but I figured this
would be a more obvious thing to do.

Does anyone know how to do this, or suggest another package to use?

Thanks!
--Brian 
 
-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
Brian McCann 
K12USA.com, Cool Tools for Schools
1-877-225-0100
bmccann at andmore.com <blocked::mailto:bmccann at andmore.com> 
http://www.k12usa.com <http://www.k12usa.com/> 



From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 09:57:15 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 06:57:15 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154181435.147222.242270@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


nikie wrote:
> Chaos wrote:
>
> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> >
> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> >
> > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> >
> > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> Milliseconds don't mean much unless we knew how big your images are and
> what hardware you're using.
>
> Have you considered using NumPy? Assuming you can get the image into a
> numpy array efficiently, the actual algorithm boils down to something
> like this:
>
>     grey = r*0.3 +

 g*0.59 + b*0.11
>     index = grey.argmin()
>     x,y = index%step, index/step
>     v = grey[x,y]
>
> where r,g,b and grey are numpy.ndarray objects; The arithmetic
> operators and the argmin-function are implemented in C, so you can
> expect decent performance. (the 4 lines above take about 80 ms for a
> 1000x1000 image on my PC)
>
> If that's not enough, you might want to use some specially optimized C
> library for this purpose. (I'd suggest Intel's IPP, but there are
> others).

I really do not understand the code. Where did you get the varibales r,
g, b and step and what does v produce?



From simon at brunningonline.net  Tue Jul 18 08:54:26 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:54:26 +0100
Subject: mkdir
In-Reply-To: <1153226748.437330.117690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153226748.437330.117690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607180554p53cfafa8rc96b33e959b3a8da@mail.gmail.com>

On 18 Jul 2006 05:45:48 -0700, westymatt <westymatt at gmail.com> wrote:
> I have been looking around for a while, but I haven't seen many
> examples of os.mkdir()
> Anybody have any experience with it, is a since deprecated function?

Example here - <http://effbot.org/librarybook/os.htm> - but it really
couldn't be simpler. There's not much to demonstrate.

If it's deprecated, it's the first I've heard of it.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From kak at purdue.edu  Sun Jul 16 17:05:33 2006
From: kak at purdue.edu (Avi Kak)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 14:05:33 -0700
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
Message-ID: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Folks,

Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
code to be embedded inside a regular expression?

For example, in Perl the following two statements

$regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
mello\n"})/;
"jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;

will produce the output

  saw hello
  saw mello

Is it possible to do the same in Python with any modules that come
with the standard distribution, or with any other modules?

Thanks in advance for any help,

Avi Kak (kak at purdue.edu)



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 12 02:27:29 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:27:29 +0200
Subject: uTidylib question..
References: <mailman.8050.1152664200.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.12.06.27.28.647490@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8050.1152664200.27775.python-list at python.org>, bruce wrote:

> import tidy
> s = tidy.parseString(foo)
> 
> which runs the information in "foo" through tidy, for cleaning. this results
> in "s" being a "document object"
> 
> print "s" will display the contents of the object.

If this means it prints out what you want as a string?

> my question, can the "document object" be turned/translated into a string
> var?

?then yes: ``str(s)``

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From rice.jeffrey at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 18:03:19 2006
From: rice.jeffrey at gmail.com (J Rice)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 15:03:19 -0700
Subject: syslog best practices -- when to call closelog?
Message-ID: <1152568999.765845.150940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


I have a question:

When should syslog.closelog() be called?  I have a daemon that spends
most of its time asleep and quiet, but writes messages to the mail log
when active.  Should I open the log at the start and keep it open until
the program closes?  This seems much simpler than issuing three
commands everytime I want to write to the log.

The program will essentially be running constantly.  Is having the log
constantly "open" a problem?  What happens if the program crashes or is
killed without a closelog()?  

Jeff



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sat Jul 29 15:52:02 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 12:52:02 -0700
Subject: Math package
In-Reply-To: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154202722.389656.244660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

diffuser78 at gmail.com:
> I want to write a program which would have a 2 dimensional array of 1
> billion by 1 billion. This is for computational purposes and evaluating
> a mathematical concept similar to Erdos number.

Maybe you are talking about the edges of a graph with 1e9 nodes. This
structure is surely quite sparse, so you don't need to store the edges
in a matrix, you can manage is as a sparse structure, and maybe you
don't need a Blue Gene.

If you find ways to clean your data, reduce the vertex and arc count,
and if you have a lot of memory, then maybe Boost Graph for Python may
suffice:
http://www.osl.iu.edu/~dgregor/bgl-python/

Bye,
bearophile



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 14:53:00 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:53:00 -0400
Subject: numeric/numpy/numarray
References: <mailman.6948.1150178797.27775.python-list@python.org><1150188484.888977.189510@y43g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.6968.1150207151.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hgwwnm.lhpxrs1gkfp6N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <e8u7mc$33f$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Alex Martelli" <aleax at mac.com> wrote in message 
news:1hgwwnm.lhpxrs1gkfp6N%aleax at mac.com...
> I'll voice a heretic thought: me, I'm sticking with good old Numeric
> until the situation with the newer packages settles down.

Not much of a heresy, I think.  The numpy site recommends that *new* users 
start with numpy but I don't remember the numeric/numpy folks recommending 
that happy, experienced numeric users dump it yet.  The current development 
version of numpy is still labelled as a development version (0.9.8, I 
believe) and besides bug fixes, it still made a few tweeks in the user 
interface and C-API from the previous version.  They are aiming to release 
a stable NumPy 1.0 by the end of the summer.  Then maybe they will start 
pushing it, along with a compatible array interface for Python.

Terry Jan Reedy





From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Sun Jul 23 12:59:54 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 16:59:54 +0000
Subject: cherrypy tracing back all the time
Message-ID: <d77b42b30607230959g7dd7668coe8c85718fabf0e16@mail.gmail.com>

I've got a very simple script with cherrypy but for some reason the cherrypy
server is constantly tracing back but it stays up, kind of, the performance
etc though shows that something is wrong.

import cherrypy
import threading

def someFunc():
    while 1:
        print "working"

threading._start_new_thread( someFunc , () )

class someClass():
    def index(self):
        test="this is a test"
        return test
    index.exposed=True

cherrypy.root=someClass()
cherrypy.config.update( file="cherrypyconfig.txt" )
cherrypy.server.start()


The tracebacks I get are:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
242, in run
    request.parse_request()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
134, in parse_request
    method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
2006/07/23 17:58:46  INFO Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgi.py", line 110, in
wsgiApp
    environ['wsgi.url_scheme'],
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpserver.py", line 227,
in request
    requestLine, headers, rfile, scheme)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cphttptools.py", line
181, in __init__
    self.parseFirstLine()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cphttptools.py", line
223, in parseFirstLine
    request.method, path, request.protocol = request.requestLine.split()
ValueError: too many values to unpack


I don't understand, all I've asked the stupid cherrypy thing to do is to
print one line...
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From tdelaney at avaya.com  Mon Jul  3 01:00:37 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 15:00:37 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set
	[withPython3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5F074390@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> "Delaney, Timothy (Tim)" <tdelaney at avaya.com> writes:
>> The eventual consensus was that keys(), etc should return views on
>> the dictionary. These views would be re-iterable and will have
>> basically the same behaviour as the lists returned from keys(), etc.
>> However, such a view could have O(1) __contains__ behaviour, and
>> would not incur the overhead of creating a list and populating it -
>> they would be backed by the dictionary. Of course, this introduces
>> the issue of concurrent modification, but you can always get an
>> independent copy by calling list(dict.keys()).
> 
> Wait a sec, you're saying
> 
>   k0 = d.keys()
>   d['whee'] = 'parrot'    # this can change k0???
> 
> That sounds broken.

That's the problem with views. You either take a snapshot of the current
state, or you deal with the backing store changing. Java's solution is
to raise a ConcurrentModificationException when it determines this has
happened (with lots of weasel words about no guarantees).

If you want an independent data set, you have to take a snapshot. For
the above, that's doing:

    k0 = list(d.keys())

or

    k0 = set(d.keys())

depending on what behaviour you want.

Tim Delaney


From SMTP_Mail_Security at afr-sd.org  Wed Jul 12 09:18:04 2006
From: SMTP_Mail_Security at afr-sd.org (SMTP_Mail_Security at afr-sd.org)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:18:04 -0400
Subject: =?utf-8?B?RGVsaXZlcnkgZmFpbHVyZSBub3RpZmljYXRpb25=?=
Message-ID: <20060712133343.914F01E4009@bag.python.org>

Your message with Subject: Important 
could not be delivered to the following recipients:

21 at afr-sd.org

Please do not resend your original message.

Delivery attempts will continue to be made for 4  day(s).



From prikryl at skil.cz  Tue Jul  4 01:52:03 2006
From: prikryl at skil.cz (Petr Prikryl)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 07:52:03 +0200
Subject: a question about "return"
References: <1151982728.154138.20310@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8cvm3$3c4$1@news.contactel.cz>


"yaru22" wrote in message
news:1151982728.154138.20310 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com...
> In one of the examples in the book I'm reading, it says:
>
> def __init__(self):
>     ...
>     return
>
> It has nothing after "return". I expected it to have some number like 0
> or 1. What does it mean to have nothing after return?

Yes, it has some special value. The value is said to be None.
Better to say -- the doc says:

  "None
This type has a single value. There is a single object with this
value. This object is accessed through the built-in name None.
It is used to signify the absence of a value in many situations,
e.g., it is returned from functions that don't explicitly return
anything. Its truth value is false.

> Why do we even include "return" if we are not putting any value after?

If you do not use return in your function, it is the same as if
you used return without an argument at the end of the body.
It will return None.

If you use return, the function returns immediately to the caller.
It need not to be the last command. You may want to return
earlier.

pepr




From http  Fri Jul 14 01:13:12 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 22:13:12 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x4pxkhiqf.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

David Hirschfield <davidh at ilm.com> writes:
> So sequentialChunks([1,2,3,5,6,8,12]) returns:
> [[1,2,3],[5,6],[8],[12]]

Ugly and not too efficient: find the break points and use them to make
sub-lists.  

def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
   p = [0] + [i for i in xrange(1,len(l)) if l[i]-l[i-1] != stride] + [len(l)]
   return [l[p[i]:p[i+1]] for i in xrange(len(p)-1)]

print sequentialChunks([1,2,3,5,6,8,12])


From mark at holmes.nl  Wed Jul 26 07:55:37 2006
From: mark at holmes.nl (wscrsurfdude)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 04:55:37 -0700
Subject: Problem with readlines() and uml
In-Reply-To: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153914937.623810.235150@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sorry it is so hot in here, I make mistakes, I meant it to be an xml
file. But still sthe same problem

wscrsurfdude wrote:
> Ik have an xml file I want to read with readlines. I have the following
> code:
> infile = open("out2.txt","r")
> for line in infile.readlines():
>     print line
>
> The print statement just gives the data, not the xml headings. Is there
> a solution which also gives the uml headings.



From srijit at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  1 00:15:20 2006
From: srijit at yahoo.com (Srijit Kumar Bhadra)
Date: 30 Jun 2006 21:15:20 -0700
Subject: Modelica
References: <1151407787.676569.57700@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151512148.189704.294920@j72g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151727320.437937.300670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Is it possible to process Modelica models with Python?
I found one possible approach:
(a) Use ModelicaXML (http://www.ida.liu.se/~adrpo/ModelicaXML) to
represent Modelica code as XML
(b) Generate Python code (using numpy and scipy) from this XML file.

Is there any better approach?

Best Regards,
Srijit

michael.tiller at gmail.com wrote:

> Srijit Kumar Bhadra wrote:
> > I am looking for possible options to interface Modelica
> > (http://www.modelica.org/) with Python (scipy and numpy). Any
> > suggestions?
>
> When you say "interface", what do you mean?
>
> Do you want to be able to process Modelica models or do you simply want
> to be able to communicate with a Modelica tool.
> 
> > Best Regards,
> > Srijit
> 
> --
> Mike



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul  8 07:12:46 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 13:12:46 +0200
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list at python.org>, K.S.Sreeram
wrote:

> Alex Martelli wrote:
>> Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
>> structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
>> (or even 'get'-access).
> 
> but wont the GIL be locked when the rehash occurs?

If there is a GIL then maybe yes.  But the GIL is an implementation
detail.  It's not in Jython nor IronPython and maybe not forever in
CPython.  Don't know about PyPy.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 22:37:39 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:37:39 -0700
Subject: Html character entity conversion
In-Reply-To: <eajd80$kf4$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>
	<1154284989.671967.270330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<eajd80$kf4$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
Message-ID: <1154313459.687318.271170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Claudio Grondi wrote:
> pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> > Claudio Grondi wrote:
> >
> >>pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> >>
> >>>Here is my script:
> >>>
> >>>from mechanize import *
> >>>from BeautifulSoup import *
> >>>import StringIO
> >>>b = Browser()
> >>>f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> >>>b.select_form(nr=0)
> >>>b["source"] = "hello python"
> >>>html = b.submit().get_data()
> >>>soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> >>>print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
> >>>
> >>>OUTPUT:
> >>>&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> >>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> >>>----------
> >>>In russian it looks like:
> >>>"?????? ?????"
> >>>
> >>>How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
> >>>
> >>>--
> >>>Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
> >>>
> >>
> >>Translate to what and with what purpose?
> >>
> >>Assuming your intention is to get a Python Unicode string, what about:
> >>
> >>strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> >>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
> >>strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
> >>strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
> >>
> >>?
> >>
> >>I am sure, there is a more elegant and direct solution, but just wanted
> >>to provide here some quick response.
> >>
> >>Claudio Grondi
> >
> >
> > Thank you, Claudio.
> > Really interest solution, but it doesn't work...
> >
> > In [19]: strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> > &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
> >
> > In [20]: strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
> >
> > In [21]: strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
> >
> > In [22]: print strUnicode
> > ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> > exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError                        Traceback (most
> > recent call last)
> >
> > C:\Documents and Settings\dron\<ipython console>
> >
> > C:\usr\lib\encodings\cp866.py in encode(self, input, errors)
> >      16     def encode(self,input,errors='strict'):
> >      17
> > ---> 18         return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
> >      19
> >      20     def decode(self,input,errors='strict'):
> >
> > UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position
> > 0-5: character maps to <undefined>
> >
> > In [23]: print strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
> > ?????????????????? ???????????????
> > <-- it's not my string "?????? ?????"
> >
> > In [24]: strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
> > Out[24]:
> > '\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x88\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x81\xb4\xe1\x81\xb7\xe1\x82\x90
> > \xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x82\x90\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x82\
> > x85' <-- and too many chars
> >
> Have you considered, that the HTML page specifies charset=windows-1251
> in its
> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
> charset=windows-1251"> tag ?
> You are apparently on Linux or so, so I can't track this problem down
> having only a Windows box here, but inbetween I know that there is
> another problem with it:
> I have erronously assumed, that the numbers in &#1087; are hexadecimal,
> but they are decimal, so it is necessary to do hex(int('1087')) on them
> to get at the right code to put into eval().
> As you know now the idea I hope you will succeed as I did with:
>
>  >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = strHTML.replace('&#','').split(';')
>  >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode
> ['1087', '1088', '1080', '1074', '1077', '1090', ' 1087', '1080',
> '1090', '1086', '1085', '']
>  >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode[:-1]
>  >>> lstHexUnicode = [ hex(int(item)) for item in lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode]
>  >>> lstHexUnicode
> ['0x43f', '0x440', '0x438', '0x432', '0x435', '0x442', '0x43f', '0x438',
> '0x442', '0x43e', '0x43d']
>  >>> eval( 'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
> u'\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d'
>  >>> strUnicode = eval(
> 'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
>  >>> print strUnicode
> ???????????
>
> Sorry for that mess not taking the space into consideration, but I think
>   you can get the idea anyway.

I hope he *doesn't* get that "idea".

#>>> strHTML =
'&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#
1086;&#1085;'
#>>> strUnicode = [unichr(int(x)) for x in
strHTML.replace('&#','').split(';') if
 x]
#>>> strUnicode
[u'\u043f', u'\u0440', u'\u0438', u'\u0432', u'\u0435', u'\u0442',
u'\u043f', u'
\u0438', u'\u0442', u'\u043e', u'\u043d']
#>>>



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:59:03 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:59:03 -0700
Subject: subprocess module
Message-ID: <1153403943.736538.197440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

If someone could give me an example of creating a subprocess (on
Windows) using the subprocess module and Popen class and connecting to
its stdout/stdin file handles. I googled for a bit but the only example
i found was here ;

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/438119


-- Cheers



From bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 06:33:13 2006
From: bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 03:33:13 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
Message-ID: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

For the purpose of finding someone's age I was looking for a way to
find how the difference in years between two dates, so I could do
something like:

  age = (date.today() - born).year

but that didn't work (the timedelta class doesn't have a year
accessor).

I looked in the docs and the cookbook, but I couldn't find anything, so
I came up with:

  def age(born):
      now = date.today()
      birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
      return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)

i.e. calculate the "raw" years first and subtract one if he hasn't had
his birthday yet this year... It works, but I'd rather use a standard
and generic approach if it exists...?

-- bjorn



From bayazee at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 03:43:14 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 00:43:14 -0700
Subject: Python for modem App
In-Reply-To: <1152552272.897783.278020@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152552272.897783.278020@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152603794.303246.60320@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Any Idea !!!???

-------------------------------------------
First Iranian Python & Programming Community --> www.Python.ir



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 12:13:44 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 09:13:44 -0700
Subject: Activate a daemon several times a day
References: <mailman.7847.1152177756.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152202424.315433.122370@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Yves Glodt wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a daemon which runs permanently, and I want it to do a special
> operation at some specifiy times every day, consider this configfile
> extract:
>
> [general]
> runat=10:00,12:00
>
>
> What would be the easiest and most pythonic way to do this?
> Something like this pseudocode:
>
> while True:
> 	if now(hours) in runat:
> 		act()
> 		sleep(60)
> 	sleep(10)
>
>
> Please enlighten me!
>
> Best regards,
> Yves

If you're on a unix-ish system, you might consider making your daemon
sensitive to a signal and then use cron and kill to send it that signal
when you want it to activate.  This is just an idea.  It might not be
the kind of solution you're looking for, especially if you're not
already familiar with cron & crontab.


It might be more helpful to you to tell you that you can get the
current hour as an int using the gmtime() (for UTC) or localtime()
(for, uh, local time :-) ) from the time module:

>>> from time import gmtime, localtime
>>> gmtime()
(2006, 7, 6, 16, 6, 32, 3, 187, 0)
>>> gmtime()[3]
16
>>> help(gmtime)
Help on built-in function gmtime in module time:

gmtime(...)
    gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_day, tm_hour, tm_min,
                           tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)

    Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing UTC
(a.k.a.
    GMT).  When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time
instead.

>>> help(localtime)
Help on built-in function localtime in module time:

localtime(...)
    localtime([seconds]) ->
(tm_year,tm_mon,tm_day,tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)

    Convert seconds since the Epoch to a time tuple expressing local
time.
    When 'seconds' is not passed in, convert the current time instead.




That takes care of the "now(hours)" part of your pseudocode.


HTH,
~Simon



From spe.stani.be at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 14:17:42 2006
From: spe.stani.be at gmail.com (SPE - Stani's Python Editor)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 11:17:42 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154197062.448466.96160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Nick Vatamaniuc schreef:

> I found Komodo to
> be too slow on my machine, SPE was also slow, was crashing on me and
> had strange gui issues,

I hope you didn't install SPE from the MOTU repositories with synaptic
or apt-get. I use SPE myself daily on Ubuntu and wrote this howto
install SPE on Ubuntu:
http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=218001&highlight=wxpython

I know that others are running SPE on Ubuntu without problems. The main
point is not to use SPE from the repositories, but from the SPE
website. If the howto is too much just download the -nosetup.zip

Stani
--
http://pythonide.stani.be



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 08:19:47 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 05:19:47 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
Message-ID: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters. I've
heard
people say the use of accessors is not Pythonic. But why? And what is
the alternative? I refrain from using them because they smell
"Javaish."
But now my code base is expanding and I'm beginning to appreciate the
wisdom behind them. I welcome example code and illustrations.

Regards



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 11 18:23:16 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:23:16 +1000
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
In-Reply-To: <e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com>
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <44b424d4$1@news.eftel.com>

On 12/07/2006 6:35 AM, 3c273 wrote:
> "Fredrik Lundh" <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote in message
> news:mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list at python.org...
> 
>> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConfig" "pyConfig.pyConfig()"
>> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConparse" "pyConparse.pyConParse()"
>>
>> note that timeit runs the benchmarked function multiple times, so you may
> want
>> to remove the print statements.
> 
> Hello,
> Could you tell me what the "-m" switch does or even better, where to find
> information on all switches in the documentation? Thanks.
> Louis

You appear to know what a switch is. I'm therefore surprised that you 
appear not to
know that the convention is that any program that uses
command-line switches should do something informative when run with a -h
switch.

HTH [NPI],
John


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 04:54:18 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:54:18 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

tac-tics wrote:
> dwelch91 wrote:
> 
>>tac-tics wrote:
>>
>>>I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
>>>live dedicated boolean data types.
>>>
>>
>>Uh, no, empty lists are False in a boolean context:
>>
>>http://docs.python.org/lib/truth.html
>>
>>-Don
> 
> 
> Perhaps I should have specified it like this:
> 
> 
>>>>empty_list = []
>>>>empty_list is not False
> 
> True

Physical identity is not structural equality.


> I'm well aware that both of these snippets does the same thing. I'm
> just spouting my opinion that lists and integers are not tests, and in
> an ideal world (Java??? X-) 

You naughty troll

> if statements support only boolean types.

if statements supports only boolean *expressions*. An expression is
boolean if it's result can be coerced to a boolean value, ie fed to the
bool type's constructor. So your example is wrong wrt/ if statements -
it should read:

empty_list = []
bool(empty_list) is False
=> True


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From alanmk at hotmail.com  Sun Jul 30 07:34:52 2006
From: alanmk at hotmail.com (Alan Kennedy)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 04:34:52 -0700
Subject: python and JMS
References: <1154219685.571985.221730@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154259292.151336.71650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

[tksri2000]
> I am looking to use python to talk to JMS. Can some please point me to
> such resources if this is possible.

PyHJB is the python-to-JMS gateway. ... via HJB, the HTTP JMS bridge.
http://hjb.python-hosting.com/

HJB (HTTP JMS Bridge)
http://hjb.berlios.de/

HTH,

--
alan kennedy
------------------------------------------------------
email alan:              http://xhaus.com/contact/alan



From david.bear at asu.edu  Mon Jul 31 21:16:03 2006
From: david.bear at asu.edu (David Bear)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:16:03 -0700
Subject: readline not found error
References: <1281986.ul55GTaPfd@teancum>
	<mailman.8770.1154393876.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1434050.ThZ3FZWsET@teancum>

Robert Kern wrote:

> David Bear wrote:
>> I built python 2.4.2 for suse linux 9.3. I configured it to be a separate
>> instance of python from the version packaged with suse.
>> 
>> Now when I start it I get an error:
>> python
>> Python 2.4.2 (#4, Jul 27 2006, 14:34:30)
>> [GCC 3.3.5 20050117 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
>> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>   File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in ?
>>     import readline
>> ImportError: No module named readline
>> 
>> however, I do have readline installed:
>> 
>> rpm -qa | grep readline
>> readline-5.0-7.2
>> readline-32bit-9.3-7.1
>> 
>> it id truly does exist:
>> 
>> locate readline
>> ...
>> /lib/libreadline.so.5
>> /lib/libreadline.so.5.0
>> /lib64/libreadline.so.5
>> /lib64/libreadline.so.5.0
> 
> However, these are not the Python readline module. The Suse package for it
> is probably called python-readline or something like that.
> 
okay. Since I grabbed the python tar file from python.org, do I then assume
that readline is not included in the python source distribution? if so,
where would I find it. If not, what different build instructions do I need
to follow to make it build with readline?
-- 
David Bear
-- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --


From nephish at xit.net  Tue Jul 25 10:11:33 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 07:11:33 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <1153811637.444825.82240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.05.50.02.988935@gmx.net>
	<1153811637.444825.82240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153836693.318095.8580@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

ok. here is how i got a message in the first place. The data server
developers released this one windows app that simulates a real app. In
that it logs into the server and sends and receives commands. instead
of putting in the data servers ip though, i put in the ip address of
the linux box i am building this on. when a command got sent, i had a
listening socket open that would receive the command from the
simulation program and dump it into a mysql table. So far its worked
becuase the same command works with the real server. But now, i have to
learn how to contruct messages for real because of the control we want
to have over the field units.

i put this in

def split_message(message):
    if not (message.startswith('STX') or message.endswith('ENX')):
        raise ValueError('missing start or end sequence')
    length, message_type = struct.unpack('>II', message[3:11])
    return length, message_type, message[11:-3]

print 'length: %d\ntype: %d\n%r' % split_message(data)

and this is what was in the txt file. ( i am using a text file for
sys.stdout becuase my terminal app does not do copy and paste.)

length: 52
type: 200
'stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00stat1manet\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'

i used the same snippit for a query message
length: 44
type: 234
'1758466855\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xd6\t\rT\x00\x00\x00\x00'

now, the message type 234 is correct according to the docs. Here is
what it has to say.
query_ANSI:
used to request information about a particular data system in the field
unsigned long int     messageType = 234;
unsigned char          primaryMIN(32);  # this is the serial number of
the unit
unsigned long int     ESN # serial number of the communicator
unsigned long int     userID


thanks again guys.. i think we're getting closer.

-sk

John Machin wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> > In <1153785622.870353.85960 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, nephish wrote:
> >
> > > tohex gave me
> > > '53 54 58
> >
> >    S  T  X
> >
> > > 00 00 00 34
> >
> > Length!?  Decimal 57.
>
> 3 * 16 + 4 -> 52 where I come from -- assuming hex means hexadecimal
> and not witchcraft :-)
>
> >
> > > 00 00 00 c8
> >
> > Type!?  Decimal 200.
> >
> > > 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> > > 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> >
> > Payload!?
> >
> > > 45 4e 58'
> >
> >   E  N  X
> >
> > > this is the login message (message type 200)
> >
> >
> > The problem I see is the length.  The payload without STX, ENX and the two
> > numbers in front is 47 bytes so there's a 5 byte difference.
>
> I don't think so.
>
> >  You have to
> >  look at some more messages to get an idea how the length corresponds to
> >  the actual payloads length.
>
> Yes, but not because of the 5-difference problem. The OP has favoured
> us with 3 messages (in 3 different formats), 2 x login and 1 of some
> sort of data. See below.
>
> 8<--- script start
> import struct
>
> def unhex(s, spaced):
>     return ''.join([chr(int(s[x:x+2], 16)) for x in xrange(0, len(s), 2
> + spaced)]) # gasp
>
> hex1 =
> "5354580000002c000000ea3137353834363638353500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d6090d5400000000454e58"
> txt1 = unhex(hex1, 0)
>
> txt2 =
> 'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
>
>
> hex3 = '53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58'
> txt3 = unhex(hex3, 1)
>
> for msgno, msg in enumerate((txt1, txt2, txt3)):
>     print "\nMessage %d: length of actual string is %d" % (msgno + 1,
> len(msg))
>     print "Has STX/ENX:", msg.startswith("STX") and msg.endswith("ENX")
>     print "repr:", repr(msg)
>     print "hex :", ' '.join(["%02x" % ord(x) for x in msg])
>     msg_len, msg_type = struct.unpack('>II', msg[3:11])
>     print "Internal len: %d; type: %d" % (msg_len, msg_type)
> 8<--- end script, start output
>
> Message 1: length of actual string is 54
> Has STX/ENX: True
> repr:
> 'STX\x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\xea1758466855\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xd6\t\rT\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
> hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 2c 00 00 00 ea 31 37 35 38 34 36 36 38 35 35 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d6 09 0d
> 54 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
> Internal len: 44; type: 234
>
> Message 2: length of actual string is 61
> Has STX/ENX: True
> repr:
> 'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
> hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 73 74 61 74 65 6d 61 6e 00 00 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 74 61 74 65 31 6d 61 6e 00 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
> Internal len: 52; type: 200
>
> Message 3: length of actual string is 62
> Has STX/ENX: True
> repr:
> 'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8pivotrac\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00trac1pivot\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
> hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74 00
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
> Internal len: 52; type: 200
> 8<---
> Messages 1 and 3 tend to indicate that external_len == internal_len +
> 10 ... maybe there's been a copy/paste problem somewhere along the line
> with message 2; perhaps the OP could check this.
> 
> Cheers,
> John



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 06:20:17 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:20:17 -0700
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8438.1153708291.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153700372.407953.226990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8438.1153708291.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153736417.103118.142840@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Tim Chase wrote:
[snip]
>  As
> such, I'd rework the move() function I suggested to simply be
> something like
>
> def move(rate,lo,hi,chan=1):
> 	return "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (chan, rate, lo, hi)
>
> where you possibly even just pass in the "position" parameter,
> and let the function do the splitting with something like
>
> def move(rate,position,chan=1)
> 	hi,lo = divmod(position & 0xFFFF, 256)
> 	return "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (chan, rate, lo, hi)
>
> or optionally use the struct module to unpack them.

Say what? We need to pack the position first, we can't use
struct.unpack on an integer, only a string. So that ends up looking
like this:

def move(rate,position,chan=1):
    lo, hi = struct.unpack("<BB", struct.pack("<H", position))
    return "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (chan, rate, lo, hi)

which is a bit, shall we say, unfortunate. Why unpack it when we've
already packed it just so we can pack it with another method? This is
getting close to dailyWTF territory. Forget that. Let's go the whole
hog with struct.pack:

def move(rate,position,chan=1):
    return struct.pack("<3sBBHs", "!SC", chan, rate, position, "\r")

What I tell you 3 times is true ... just use struct.pack and stop
faffing about. Get used to it. One day you'll have to output a negative
1-or-two-byte integer, a four-byte integer, a float even -- no
scratching your head about what bits to shift, what mask to use, just
fill in the codes from the manual and away you go.

HTH,
John



Cheers,
John



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 14:42:46 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 11:42:46 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
In-Reply-To: <1152546271.498266.36500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152533921.782540.155650@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152537658.025265.160450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152546271.498266.36500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152556966.278502.75020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


kepioo wrote:
> Thank you so much, it works and it rocks !
>

Great! Glad I could help.

> bad thing i need ot figure out is why mozilla cannot parse my xsl
> sheet, but it works in IE ( most of my users are using IE)
>

you could try transforming the xml on the server and send straight HTML
to the client - if you were to use CherryPy (http://www.cherrypy.org),
there is a filter which does this called picket:

    http://www.cherrypy.org/wiki/Picket

you would also need to install 4Suite (http://4suite.org)

> so the module u wrote is to top up element tree with Xpath
> capabilities, is it?

it minimally extends the functionality of elementtree's existing
'findall' function - and it hasn't been put to much use, so let me know
if you run into problems.

the idea came from reading about the 'Specification Pattern':

    pdf - http://www.martinfowler.com/apsupp/spec.pdf


good luck!

Gerard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 11:04:24 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:04:24 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b660f9$0$29938$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Ant wrote:
> 
>>We seem to be flogging a dead horse now. Is the following a fair
>>summary:
>>
>>Q. What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters?
>>
>>A. Use attributes.
>>
>>Quote: "I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
>>names"
>>
>>Wisdom: Python is a different paradigm from (e.g.) Java w.r.t.
>>accessors: Put the effort you would have put into choosing accessor
>>names into choosing attribute names.
>>
>>Anything else to add to this? Or can it be put to bed?
> 
> 
> Here are the lessons I've learned (the hard way).
> 
> 1) Make all attributes of a class private or protected. 

Unless they are obviously part of the implementation (ie: when you would
definitively had written getters/setters in Java), in which case make
them public (and name them with the same care you would have for Java
getters/setters). You can change the implementation later.

> You can make
> them public later if need be. If anyone tells you making attributes
> private/protected is not Pythonic ignore them.

Don't. Just make sure you have the right *API*.

> You'll thank me when
> your code base grows.

Unless everybody ditch your code and roll their own because they are
bored with coding Java in Python.

> 2) If a data attribute might likely be an API, think about controlling
> access to via "properties". 

If you need to control anything - else just use a plain attribute.

> That's the pythonic way to implement
> accessors and mutators
> 
> I guess people who've done medium to large scale programming in Python
> already know this.

Do 50+ KLOC count as "medium to large scale" here ?

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 08:14:50 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:14:50 GMT
Subject: win32com.client.Dispatch - understanding error messages
References: <1153197180.261068.260410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980459C946F09duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1153223606.160437.95430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980485B442C07duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

mirandacascade at yahoo.com wrote:

> Duncan Booth wrote:
>> wrote:
>>
>> Does using an absolute URL for the url parameter help any? You've
>> specified a relative URL (i.e. the folder 12.5.81.49 under the
>> current location). 
> 
> I don't know the answer to that question.  I know that when I'm on the
> same workstation and I copy/paste the string that is the url parameter
> into my browser and press Enter, that a reply appears within the
> browser, and that reply has content that suggests that the browser app
> was able to 'talk' to an application on the other end.  The error
> message being received in reply to the open method make me think that
> the open method wasn't able to talk to any app on the other end.  I'm
> not sure what can be inferred from that observation other than the url
> parameter appears to be valid when it is used in a browser
> application. 
> 
Are you really sure that the browser isn't making guesses about what you 
meant and correcting the error for you? Does what remains in the address 
bar when the page is retrieved really match *exactly* what you copied and 
pasted?


From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 02:52:06 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 23:52:06 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
In-Reply-To: <12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1152687126.405231.75990@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-11, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:
> > However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I
> > found it produces different values in my two computers!  In a
> > pentium4, hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') ->
> > 12416037344.  Does hash function depend on machine's word
> > length?
>
> Apparently. :)
>
> The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
> portion of the returned hash?
>
> >>> hex(12416037344)
> '0x2E40DB1E0L'
> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffffffffffff)
> '0xFFFFFFFFE40DB1E0L'
>
> >>> hex(12416037344 & 0xffffffff)
> '0xE40DB1E0L'
> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffff)
> '0xE40DB1E0L'

Is this relationship (same low 32 bits) guaranteed?  Will it change in
the future version?



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 00:56:30 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 21:56:30 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string update
In-Reply-To: <068c01c69f19$9b3c58e0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <06a301c69f26$3878eae0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

update...

here is a sample of the text i'm looking to do hte search/replace for...

                    <td valign="top" colspan="2" class="sectionheading"
bgcolor="#ffffff" > ACCT 209 - SURVEY OF ACCT PRIN     &nbsp;</td>

i'm trying to figure out how to replace the "&nbsp" with a ''. in html, the
'&nbsp;' char is not a valid ascii char...

in perl, i'd do 's /&nbsp;//' and be done with it!!!

-bruce



-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of bruce
Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 8:26 PM
To: 'Simon Forman'
Cc: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: ascii character - removing chars from string


simon...

the '&nbsp;' is not to be seen/viewed as text/ascii.. it's a representation
of a hex 'u\xa0' if i recall...

i'm looking to remove or replace the insances with a ' ' (space)

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 7:17 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo &nbsp;"
> which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.

&, n, b, s, p, ;  Those are all ascii characters.

> i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string
>
> the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...
>
>  text = "foo cat &nbsp;"
>
>  ie ok_text = strip(text)
>
>  ok_text = "foo cat"

Do you really want to remove those html entities?  Or would you rather
convert them back into the actual text they represent?  Do you just
want to deal with &nbsp;'s?  Or maybe the other possible entities that
might appear also?

Check out htmlentitydefs.entitydefs (see
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-htmlentitydefs.html)  it's kind of
ugly looking so maybe use pprint to print it:

>>> import htmlentitydefs, pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(htmlentitydefs.entitydefs)
{'AElig': '?',
 'Aacute': '?',
 'Acirc': '?',
.
.
.
 'nbsp': '\xa0',
.
.
.
etc...


HTH,
~Simon

"You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
means."
 -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 09:36:57 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 06:36:57 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
Message-ID: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

it seems that the behavior of "print" is that it will round off
properly for any floating point imperfection, such as shown in the
first two samples.  The third sample seems to be a bug?  It doesn't
know how to handle the floating imperfection in this case.

>>> 1.2345
1.2344999999999999

>>> print 1.2345
1.2345

>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug ----------------------------------
     1.234

>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.23450001
     1.235

>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2344
     1.234

>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2346
     1.235



From davew at cs.haverford.edu  Mon Jul 24 11:04:08 2006
From: davew at cs.haverford.edu (David G. Wonnacott)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:04:08 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: P.S. Re: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.31576.1153582165.27774.python-list@python.org>
	(python-list-request@python.org)
References: <mailman.31576.1153582165.27774.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <200607241504.k6OF48e0017570@triluminary.cs.haverford.edu>

In response to my question, ``What is the idiomatically appropriate
Python way to pass, as a "function-type parameter", code that is most
clearly written with a local variable?'', a number of you made very
helpful suggestions, including the use of a default argument; if one
wanted to give a name to the constant one in my original example,

   map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])

one would write

   map(lambda x, one=1: x+one, [5, 17, 49.5])

I've been using this happily in several cases, but just discovered
that (of course), the variable "x" is not in scope until the
expression in the lambda, so if one wanted to, say, have a variable
that was 3*x, one could NOT write

   map(lambda x, threex=3*x: x+threex, [5, 17, 49.5])

[obviously there are easier ways to find 4*x, but I'm trying to keep
close to my simplified example].

I'll need to show the code to beginners, so I don't want to get into
the complexity of using the more advanced solutions that were
suggested (closures or callable classes), so I'm going to bail out in
such cases and just not use an anonymous function here.

I'm not sure there's really a question here, other than the implicit
"please let me know if there's yet another cool thing I can do here",
but I thought I'd add this postscript to my earlier postings for the
benefit of anyone following this thread. [I often see interesting
threads in the archive but am left with an unresolved question "I
wonder how that worked out"].

Dave Wonnacott



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:29:28 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:29:28 -0600
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7958.1152509533.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.7958.1152509533.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44SdnaNIjoD4HS_ZnZ2dnUVZ_vmdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Bryan wrote:
> Steven Bethard wrote:
> 
>> The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you 
>> write a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are 
>> implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any 
>> iterable and only need to be defined once::
>>
>>      def list(iterable):
>>          result = []
>>          for item in iterable:
>>              result.append(item)
>>          return result
>>
>>      def sorted(iterable):
>>          result = list(iterable)
>>          result.sort()
>>          return result
>>
>>      def join(iterable):
>>          # this is more efficient in C, where the string's buffer can be
>>          # pre-allocated before iterating through the loop.
>>          result = ''
>>          for item in iterable:
>>              result += item
>>          return result
>>
>> Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once, 
>> and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that 
>> you invent tomorrow.
>>
>> If everything were methods, when you invented your container object 
>> tomorrow, you'd have to reimplement these methods on your class. (Or 
>> we'd have to introduce a Container class to provide them, and everyone 
>> would have to inherit from that if they wanted to define a container.)
> 
> could you get the same result by putting these methods in base class 
> object that everything subclasses?  then you wouldn't have to 
> reimplement these methods on your class either, right?

Well, you don't want to put them on object, because not everything is a 
container (e.g. you don't want the sorted() method on ints).  So you 
have to put them on some subclass of object and then require everyone 
who every creates a container class to inherit from that object.  Python 
generally frowns upon required inheritance from a particular type, but 
at the same time, it does provide things like UserDict.DictMixin for 
something very much along these lines.  But I don't think too many folks 
want to *require* that every dict-like object inherit from DictMixin.

STeVe


From grante at visi.com  Thu Jul 27 14:07:01 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:07:01 -0000
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153985110.526376.18460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154018221.511001.31320@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154019922.130736.150070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ci065ph6ddla5@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-27, sjdevnull at yahoo.com <sjdevnull at yahoo.com> wrote:

>> If you're sharing things, I would thread. I would not want to
>> pay the expense of a process.
>
> This is generally a false cost.  There are very few
> applications where thread/process startup time is at all a
> fast path,

Even if it were, on any sanely designed OS, there really isn't
any extra expense for a process over a thread.

> Moreover, to get at best a small performance gain you pay a
> huge cost by sacrificing memory protection within the threaded
> process.

Threading most certainly shouldn't be done in some attempt to
improve performance over a multi-process model.  It should be
done because it fits the algorithm better.  If the execution
contexts don't need to share data and can communicate in a
simple manner, then processes probably make more sense.  If the
contexts need to operate jointly on complex shared data, then
threads are usually easier.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My life is a patio
                                  at               of fun!
                               visi.com            


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 23 20:34:16 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:34:16 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<mailman.8278.1153193682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153195209.671767.204200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153701256.585666.25840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 17 Jul 2006 21:00:09 -0700, "dfaber" <deusfaber at gmail.com> declaimed
> the following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > Is there no clean method of accessing the keyboard device or the mouse
> > on linux?
> > It seems that looking at /proc/interrupts might prove to be useful for
> > keyboard monitoring. What about checking if the left mouse button is
> > clicked or finding the position of the cursor on the screen?
>
...
>
> 	I don't think anyone has ported raw X-protocol access to Python.
>

Actually someone did.  http://python-xlib.sourceforge.net/  It's old
but it works fine.  Speaks X protocol in pure python.

HTH,
~Simon



From jes at nl.demon.net  Sat Jul  1 09:19:05 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 13:19:05 -0000
Subject: Regular Expression - old regex module vs. re module
References: <1151607229.548737.145800@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151707747.611123.65800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12acti9hql2s9cc@corp.supernews.com>

In article <1151707747.611123.65800 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
Steve <stever at cruzio.com> wrote:
>Hi All!
>
>Thanks for your suggestions and comments!  I was able to use some of
>your code and suggestions and have come up with this new version of
>Report.py.
>
>Here's the updated code :
>
>exponentPattern = re.compile('\(^\|[^\\#]\)|#+\.#+\*\*\*\*')
>floatPattern = re.compile('\(^\|[^\\#]\)|#+\.#+')
>integerPattern = re.compile("\(^\|[^\\#]\)|\##+")
>leftJustifiedStringPattern = re.compile('\(^\|[^\\<]\)|\<<+')
>rightJustifiedStringPattern = re.compile('\(^\|[^\\>]\)|\>>+')


Some comments and suggestions 

If you want to include backslashes in a string, either
use raw strings, or use double backslashes (raw strings are much
easier to read). Otherwise, you have an accident waiting to happen -
'\(' _does_ make a two character string as you desired, but '\v' makes
a one character string, which is unlikely to be what you wanted.

That's a stylistic point. But more serious is the leading part of all
your regexes - '\(^\|[^\\#]\)|'. I'm not sure what you're trying to
accomplish - presumably to skip over escaped format characters, but
that's not what they do.

\( says to look for an open parenthesis (you've escaped it, so it's
not a grouping character.  ^ says look at the start of the line. This
means the first character can never match an open parens, so this
entire term, up to the alternate expression (after the non-escaped
pipe symbol) never matches anything. If you want to ignore escaped
formating characters before a format, then you should use a negative
lookbehind assertation (see the library reference, 4.2.1, Regular
Expression Syntax:

'(?<!\\)' 

This says that the match to the format can't start
immediately after a backslash. You need to make a final
pass over your format to remove the extra backslashes, otherwise they
will appear in the output, which you do, but you replace them with
spaces, which may not be the right thing to do - how could you output
a line of like '################' as part of a template? 

Other odds and ends comments interleaved here

>###################################################################
>#              _make_printf                                       #
>###################################################################
>
>def _make_printf(s):
>    """Convert perl style format symbology to printf tokens.
>
>    Take a string and substitute computed printf tokens for perl style
>    format symbology.
>
>    For example:
>
>        ###.##    yields %6.2f
>        ########  yields %8d
>        <<<<<     yields %-5s
>    """
>#    print("Original String = %s\n\n") % (s)
>
>
>    while 1:                          # process all sci notation fields
>        if exponentPattern.search(s) < 0: break
>        i1 , i2 = exponentPattern.search(s).span()
>        width_total = i2 - i1
>        field = s[i1:i2-4]
>        width_mantissa = len( field[string.find(field,'.')+1:] )
>        f = '%'+`width_total`+'.'+`width_mantissa`+'e'
>        s = exponentPattern.sub(f, s, 1)

There are better ways to examine a match than with span() - consider
using grouping in your regex to get the mantissa width and the total
width, use a regex with grouping like this:

If:

exponentPattern = re.compile(r'(?<!\\)(#+\.(#+)\*\*\*\*'))

then you could do this:
         m = re.match(exponentPattern, s)
         if m:
             s = exponentPattern.sub("%%%d.%de" % (len(m.groups()[0],
                                                   len(m.groups()[1]), s, 1)

m.groups()[0] will be the entire '#+\.#\*\*\'*\*') match, in other
words the field width to be printed

m.groups()[1] will be the string after the decimal point, not
inclouding the '*'s

In my opinion, building the string by using the sprintf like '%'
formatting operator, rather than adding together a bunch of substrings
is easier to read and maintain.

Similar use of grouping can be done for the other format string types.


>    s = re.sub('\\\\', ' ', s)
>    return s

As I noted, should backslashes be converted to spaces? And again, it's
easier to type and read if it uses raw strings:

     s = re.sub(r'\\', ' ', s)


>###################################################################
>#              ReportTemplate                                     #
>###################################################################
>
>class ReportTemplate:
>    """Provide a print formatting object.
[Snip]
>    The total width of the symbol and it's decimal point position is
>    used to compute the appropriate printf token; see 'make_printf'
>    method. The symbol must have at least two adjacent characters for

A minor nit - make_printf is better described as a function, not a
method (it's not part of the ReportTemplate class or any other cleass)

[SNIP]

>    def __init__( self, template = ''):
>        self.body = []
>        self.vars = []
>
>        #read in and parse a format template
>        try:
>            tpl = open(template, 'r')
>            lines = string.split(tpl.read(), '\n')[:-1]

You'd be better off to use something like:

             lines = []
             for l in open(template, 'r').readlines():
                lines.append(l.rstrip)
             
The use of rstrip discards any trailing whitespace and deals with
reading Windows generated files on a Unix box, where lines will end in
CRLF and you'd strip only the LF

>        except IOError:
>            lines = string.split(template, '\n')

I have my doubts about the advisability of assuming that you are
either passed the name of a file containing a template or a
template itself. A misspelled file name won't raise
an error, it will simply be processed as a fixed output. I would have
passed a flag to say if the template argument was file name or a
template and terminated with an error if it was a non-existant file.

[SNIP]

>    def _format( self, dataobj ):
>        """Return the values of the given data object substituted into
>        the template format stored in this object.
>        """
>        # value[] is a list of lists of values from the dataobj
>        # body[] is the list of strings with %tokens to print
>        # if value[i] == None just print the string without the %
>argument
>        s = ''
>        value = []
>
>        for i in range(self.nrows):
>            value.append([])
>
>        for i in range(self.nrows):
>            for vname in self.vars[i]:
>                try:
>                    if string.find(vname, '[') < 0:
>                        # this is the nominal case and a simple get
>will be faster
>                        value[i].append(getattr(dataobj, vname))
>                    else:
>                        # I use eval so that I can support sequence
>values
>                        # although it's slow.
>                        value[i].append(eval('dataobj.'+vname))
>                except AttributeError, SyntaxError:
>                    value[i].append('')

There's another way to do this - use getattr to retrieve the sequence,
then use __getitem__ to index it

Something like this would work, again using a regex to separate out
the index (you might want the regex compiled once at __init__
time). The regex looks for a run of characters valid in a python
variable name followed by an optional integer (with or without sign)
index in square brackets. m.groups()[0] is the variable name portion,
m.grousp()[1] is the index if there's a subscripting term.

                 try:
                   m = re.match(r'([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9._]*)\s*(?:\[\s*([+-]?\d+)\s*\])?\s*',
                     value[i])
                   if not m: raise SyntaxError
                   if m.groups()[1] is None:
                      value[i].append(getattr(dataobj, vname))
                   else:
		      value[i].append(getattr(m.groups()[0]).\
                         __getitem__(int(m.groups()[1])))
                 except AttributeError, SyntaxError, IndexError:
>                    value[i].append('')

This is a bit ugly, but avoids eval with all the dangers it carries -
a deliberately hacked template file can be used to do a lot of damage,
a badly written one could be hard to debug

>            if value[i][0] != '':
>                try:
>                    temp_vals = []
>                    for item in value[i]:
>                        # items on the list of values for this line
>                        # can be either literals or lists
>                        if type(item) == ListType:

Might you be better off asking if item has a __getitem__? It would
then work with tuples and Extending to dictionaries would then be easier

>def isReportTemplate(obj):
>    """Return 1 if obj is an instance of class ReportTemplate.
>    """
>    if  type(obj) == InstanceType and \
>        string.find(`obj.__class__` , ' ReportTemplate ') > -1:
>        return 1
>    else:
>        return 0

Why not just use isinstance(obj, classname)?

>###################################################################
>#              ColumnReportTemplate                               #
>###################################################################
>
>class ColumnReportTemplate:
>    """This class allows one to specify column oriented output formats.
>


-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From larry at hastings.org  Thu Jul 20 07:15:42 2006
From: larry at hastings.org (Larry Hastings)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 04:15:42 -0700
Subject: Bug? Certainly a new *behavior* from subprocess in 2.5 on Win32
Message-ID: <1153394142.416911.154840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I run the following script:
--
from subprocess import *
Popen("ls -l")
--
(yeah, I have ls.exe on Windows)

Under Python 2.4.2, this simply dumped the results of ls.exe to the
terminal--sorry, to the "command shell".

Under Python 2.5, both beta 1 and beta 2, it dumps the results to the
command shell, but *also* prints this:

Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no
attribute 'append'" in <bound method Popen.__del__ of <subprocess.Popen
object at 0x00C04EB0>> ignored

Calling Popen() with a stdout = subprocess.PIPE does not throw this
exception.

I vaguely intimate that this is a bug, though surely a minor one.

Cheers,


/larry/



From davidcook at david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local  Mon Jul 24 07:45:52 2006
From: davidcook at david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local (David Cook)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:45:52 GMT
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>

On 2006-07-24, Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:

> Jython isn't up to par with current Python versions either.

But the last release is up to the level of C-Python 2.2 or so.  I don't
really feel like I'm missing that much with it.

Dave Cook


From ben at serverone.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 09:43:36 2006
From: ben at serverone.co.uk (Ben Edwards)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:43:36 +0100
Subject: getting debug from urllib2
Message-ID: <1154353416.7157.77.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Have been experimenting with HTTP stuff in python 2.4 and am having a
problem getting debug info. If I use utllib.utlopen I get debug but if I
user utllib2 I do not.  Below is the probram and the output I am
getting.

Any insight?
Ben

* Code *

import urllib, urllib2, httplib

url = 'http://www.mozillazine.org/atom.xml'
httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1

print "urllib"

data = urllib.urlopen(url);

print "urllib2"

request = urllib2.Request(url)
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
feeddata = opener.open(request).read()

print "End\n"

* Output *

urllib
connect: (www.mozillazine.org, 80)
send: 'GET /atom.xml HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.mozillazine.org\r
\nUser-agent: Python-urllib/1.16\r\n\r\n'
reply: 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'
header: Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:43:11 GMT
header: Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Gentoo) PHP/4.4.0-pl1-gentoo
header: Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:05:52 GMT
header: ETag: "20a1b4-6bcf-be12000"
header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
header: Content-Length: 27599
header: Content-Type: application/xml
header: Age: 5
header: X-Cache: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org
header: X-Cache-Lookup: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org:80
header: Connection: close
urllib2
End





From jmdeschamps at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:54:50 2006
From: jmdeschamps at gmail.com (jmdeschamps at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:54:50 -0700
Subject: tkinter cursors name&display reference
Message-ID: <1152644090.230679.186850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I made a document on Tkinter cursors (mouse pointers?), pairing the
cursor image with its name...
Not a great deal of magic here since anyone can program something to
see the different cursors on screen rather easily... BUT to have a
printable reference can be nice :-)

Would this be useful to anyone else?
Could it be an addendum to Tkinter documentation?
Should I propose it to someone or post it somewhere?
Is pdf better than html ?
etc,etc.
Thanks for your advice,

Jean-Marc



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 26 02:30:48 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 08:30:48 +0200
Subject: Tkinter and exceptions
References: <slrnecd3ne.isc.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <ea725r$6i0$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Nick Craig-Wood wrote:

> I'm just starting out with Tkinter programming (using Programming
> Python as a reference), and I couldn't find the answer to this
> anywhere...
> 
> How do you catch general exceptions in a Tkinter program.  If you run
> the below and click the "Exception" or "Callback Exception" buttons
> you see a traceback on stderr under unix, and nothing at all under
> windows (if run as a pyw).
> 
> How so you catch those exceptions so that they can pop up in a dialog?
> There doesn't seem to be a hook. I was imagining that there would be a
> global error handler I could hook / override?

Overriding report_callback_exception() seems to work:

 
> from Tkinter import *
  
  import traceback
  import tkMessageBox

> 
> class AppDemo(Frame):
>     """A sample tk app"""
> 
>     def __init__(self, parent=None):
>         Frame.__init__(self, parent)
>         self.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
>         self.make_tool_bar()
>         self.master.title("A Title")
>         self.bang = 0

        def show_error(*args):
            a = traceback.format_exception(*args)
            tkMessageBox.showerror(a[-1], "\n".join(a[:-1]))
        self._root().report_callback_exception = show_error

>         self.process()
> 
>     def process(self):
>         self.after(1000, self.process)
>         if self.bang:
>             self.bang = 0
>             raise ValueError("Callback Exception")
>         
>     def make_tool_bar(self):
>         self.toolbar = Frame(self, cursor='hand2', relief=SUNKEN, bd=2)
>         self.toolbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
>         Button(self.toolbar, text='Exception',
>         command=self.make_exception).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
>         Button(self.toolbar, text='Callback Exception',
>         command=self.make_callback_exception).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
>         Button(self.toolbar, text='Quit',
>         command=self.quit).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
> 
>     def make_exception(self):
>         raise ValueError("Exception")
> 
>     def make_callback_exception(self):
>         self.bang = 1
> 
> if __name__ == "__main__":
>     AppDemo().mainloop()

Peter


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 04:21:24 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:21:24 +0200
Subject: import and global namespace
In-Reply-To: <j839b2h7d49vmubc36vi44d7ood7hc8vv0@4ax.com>
References: <1152648998.845948.64420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44b44593$0$4314$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<j839b2h7d49vmubc36vi44d7ood7hc8vv0@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44b4b105$0$5502$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Wed, 12 Jul 2006 02:48:44 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers
> <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr> declaimed the following in
> comp.lang.python:
> 
> 
>>nate a ?crit :
>>
>>>I'd like a module than I'm importing to be able to use objects in the
>>>global namespace into which it's been imported.  is there a way to do
>>>that?
> 
> 	<snip> 
> 
>>NB : FWIW, the clean solution probably involve a class...
> 
> 
> 	Or a common module that both (all) import...

I'm afraid this would be as messy. Having one module depending on
implicits external names is a good way to spaghetti code.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu  Mon Jul  3 10:34:31 2006
From: jdhunter at ace.bsd.uchicago.edu (John Hunter)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:34:31 -0500
Subject: image output in matplotlib
References: <1151664108.697157.116030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87r712wydk.fsf@peds-pc311.bsd.uchicago.edu>

>>>>> "mart" == mart jeeha <buchstaebchen at googlemail.com> writes:

    mart> Hey folks, I got a problem in printing images from a
    mart> matplotlib - FigureCanvas Object (child of a wxFrame,
    mart> library backend_wx) into jpeg-formatted files. (I like to
    mart> create a sequence of images that I can assemble to an avi)
    mart> self.mycanvas.print_figure("test.jpg") merely gives an error
    mart> stating, that there should be "an image handler of type 17",
    mart> which I didn't come across ever :)

Was your wx built with jpeg support?  You might try png, which
matplotlib supports natively.

JDH



From vasudevram at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 13:01:18 2006
From: vasudevram at gmail.com (vasudevram)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:01:18 -0700
Subject: Publishing ODBC database content as PDF
In-Reply-To: <1152291404.402833.153210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152291404.402833.153210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152291678.253003.19290@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Oops: The source indentation - tabs - is removed in the blog post, by
the LiveJournal software. You will need to insert them at the
appropriate places, for which you will need to know Python and
understand the code, at least the overall logic. I'll post the code as
a zip file (with some other samples) on one of my sites, and then put a
link to it here.

- Vasudev.

vasudevram wrote:
> Publishing ODBC database content as PDF:
>
> A blog post by me on how to do this, using my PDF conversion toolkit,
> xtopdf.
> This is sample code from my next upcoming release of xtopdf, which will
> support more input formats, such as CSV, XLS, TDV and ODBC data.
>
> http://jugad.livejournal.com/2006/07/07/
>
> Enjoy, and feedback welcome.
> Vasudev
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Vasudev Ram
> http://www.geocities.com/vasudevram
> PDF conversion toolkit:
> http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtopdf
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 22:38:43 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 19:38:43 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
In-Reply-To: <1153704117.971389.112040@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153663897.044189.264360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153690462.571676.63780@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153704117.971389.112040@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153708722.966699.24640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Jim wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > Jim wrote:
> > > No, I'll bet that you'd like to run something like
> > >   self.dcCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
> > > idalbum,path) VALUES (%(track)s, %(nbr)s,
> > > %(idartist)s,%(idalbum)s,'%(path)s')",
> > > {'track':track,'nbr':nbr,'idartist':idartist,'idalbum':idalbum,'path':path})
> > > (only without my typos).  That's an improvment for a number of reasons,
> > > one of which is that the system will quote for you, for instance in
> > > idartist="John's Beer" changing the single quote to two single quotes
> > > to suit SQL.
> > I see no improvement here.
> >
> > The OP's code is effectively::
> >
> >   sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ..., path) VALUES ('%s', ..., '%s')"
> >   value_tuple = (track, ...., path)
> >   self.dcCursor.execute(sql % value_tuple)
> >
> > Your suggested replacement is effectively:
> >
> >   sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ...,path) VALUES (%(track)s,
> > ...,'%(path)s')"
> >   str_fmt_dict = {'track':track, ...,'path':path}
> >   self.dcCursor.execute(sql, str_fmt_dict)
> >
> > Well, that won't run at all. Let's correct the presumed typo:
> >
> >    self.dcCursor.execute(sql % str_fmt_dict)
> I'm sorry, that wasn't a typo.  I was using what the dBapi 2.0 document
> calls 'pyformat' (see the text under "paramstyle" in that document).

Oh yeah. My mistake. Noticed 'pyformat' years ago, thought "What a good
idea", found out that ODBC supports only qmark, SQLite supports only
qmark, working on database conversions where the SQL was
programatically generated anyway: forgot all about it.

>
> > Now, the only practical difference is that you have REMOVED the OP's
> > explicit quoting of the first column value. Changing the string
> > formatting from the %s style to the %(column_name) style achieves
> > nothing useful. You are presenting the "system" with a constant SQL
> > string -- it is not going to get any chance to fiddle with the quoting.
> > However the verbosity index has gone off the scale: each column name is
> > mentioned 4 times (previously 1).

> Gee, I like the dictionary; it has a lot of advantages.

Like tersemess? Like wide availibility?

>
> Anyway, the point is that to get quote escaping right, to prevent SQL
> injection, etc., paramstyles are better than direct string %-ing.

And possible performance gains (the engine may avoid parsing the SQL
each time).

*NOW* we're on the same page of the same hymnbook, Brother Jim :-)

Cheers,
John



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Sun Jul 16 17:55:34 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 23:55:34 +0200
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
References: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <013201c6a922$90f38b20$0201a8c0@mcuf7>


----- Original Message -----
From: "Avi Kak" <kak at purdue.edu>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Sunday, July 16, 2006 11:05 PM
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python


> Folks,
>
> Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
> code to be embedded inside a regular expression?
>
> For example, in Perl the following two statements
>
> $regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
> mello\n"})/;
> "jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;
>
> will produce the output
>
>   saw hello
>   saw mello
>
> Is it possible to do the same in Python with any modules that come
> with the standard distribution, or with any other modules?
>
> Thanks in advance for any help,
>
> Avi Kak (kak at purdue.edu)
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

There's a new module out that can do it like this:

import SE
Stream_Editor = SE.SE ('<EAT> "~[hm]ello~=print \'saw =\'\n" ')
for line in Stream_Editor ('yellomellojellohello').split ('\n'):
exec ("%s" % line)

saw mello
saw hello

You'll find SE in the Cheese Shop. It has been commented favorably. I
wouldn't comment it, because I wrote it.

Regards

Frederic




From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 09:28:33 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:28:33 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.29.09.55.47.726193@gmx.net>
	<mailman.8699.1154178366.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.13.28.33.282739@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8699.1154178366.27775.python-list at python.org>, Rob Sinclar
wrote:

>> > Synaptic is using aptitude as back-end (this is serious).
>>
>> Why can I deinstall aptitude without deinstalling synaptic then!?
>>
>
> This is because Aptitude is an independant console application
> that is very useful to users working on linux machines without
> X server installed.

I know what aptitude is?
 
> Synaptic is the interface which leads the underlying application.

?but I ask why I can deinstall it and still use synaptic if it's using
aptitude as back-end as you seriously claim!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:19:06 -0700
Subject: USA UK CANADA AUSTRALIA Jobs With VISA Sponsorship, USA VISA, UK VISA,
	CANADA VISA, AUSTRALIA VISA , immigration, VISA Sponsorship, USA VISA
Message-ID: <1151932746.082018.243090@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

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From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sun Jul 23 12:58:08 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:58:08 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
Message-ID: <1153673888.814425.87910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

W. D. Allen wrote:
> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>
> I have two questions:
>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and
>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?
>
> Thanks,
>
> WDA
> ballensr at adelphia.net
>
> end

I'm sure you will hear this many times, but that's a great choice ;). I
really think you'll like Learning Python from O'Reilly Press. The
authors claim you can read the book even with no prior programming
experience, which seems plausible having read it. Of course, you
already have some programming experience, so it should go much more
smoothly with you. Good luck finding the right book!



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 21 16:02:44 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 20:02:44 GMT
Subject: what's wrong with this if statement?
In-Reply-To: <%5awg.32108$nK.11092@dukeread05>
References: <8R9wg.2546$No6.50784@news.tufts.edu>
	<%5awg.32108$nK.11092@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <Epawg.2547$No6.50698@news.tufts.edu>

Philippe Martin wrote:

> Check the type of self.time: unicode - you need to convert it to int
> first ... plus your timer will need to be shutdown when you're done.

Ah, of course! Thanks!


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:57:59 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:57:59 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8106.1152784474.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152782195.048125.133960@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8106.1152784474.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152784679.897537.105720@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> "mystilleef" wrote:
>
> >> if your code is as muddled as your rhetorics, your only solution might be
> >> to give up programming.
> >
> > There's no correlation between rhetorics and programming. That's like
> > me saying if you are trying to be sarcastic your only solution might be
> > to give up programming.
>
> sarcasm doesn't imply lack of intelligence.
> 
> </F>

Pretending to be intelligent does, however.



From martin at v.loewis.de  Wed Jul 12 02:44:43 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:44:43 +0200
Subject: Python-2.5beta1 crash
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7977.1152542958.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7977.1152542958.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44B49A5B.2020400@v.loewis.de>

Robin Becker wrote:
> First off there may be a bunch of other C extensions involved including
> PIL, but I built them all against this beta. What should I do to refine
> the error? Do I start with trying to establish which of the tests is
> guilty or build from source in debug mode and attempt to find the
> problem from below.

I would personally run Python in debug mode. Set a break point on
Py_FatalError, and then walk the C stack to see where it comes from.

Of course, the specific error comes from

static void
intern_strings(PyObject *tuple)
{
        Py_ssize_t i;

        for (i = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple); --i >= 0; ) {
                PyObject *v = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i);
                if (v == NULL || !PyString_CheckExact(v)) {
                        Py_FatalError("non-string found in code slot");
                }
                PyString_InternInPlace(&PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, i));
        }
}

which in turn is called from PyCode_New, in these calls:

        intern_strings(names);
        intern_strings(varnames);
        intern_strings(freevars);
        intern_strings(cellvars);

So it appears you are trying to create a code object, where
a name, varname, freevar name, or cellvar name is not a string.
This is indeed fatal: names in Python are always strings.

Regards,
Martin


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 22:36:37 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 19:36:37 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-21 21:05:22, Josiah Manson wrote:
>
> > I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
> > a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
> > after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
> > that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
> > doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
> > variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
> > nested function doesn't work either.
> >
> > But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
> > of this helper function.
> >
> > I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
> > encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
> > offending code is below. Thanks.
>
> I'm no Python specialist, so here's just some guesses... I don't know how
> to make variables known inside the inner function. It seems just using the
> names there overrides the outside names. It also seems that local variables
> are in some kind of dictionary; so maybe you can access them through that
> somehow.
>
> One other solution (a bit ugly) would be to make this a class with two
> static methods (breakLine and _addTok) and two static attributes (_ls and
> _tok).
>
> Still another (also ugly) would be to pass both tok and ls to addTok() and
> pass tok back out again. (I think ls doesn't have to be passed back,
> because it is a list and so its data gets modified. tok's data doesn't get
> modified, so local changes don't propagate to the outside.)
>
> Gerhard

That third option seems to work fine.

def breakLine(s):
    """Break a string into a list of words and symbols.
    """

    def addTok(tok, ls):
        if len(tok) > 0:
            ls.append(tok)
            tok = ''
        return tok

    ls = []
    tok = ''
    splitters = '?()&|:~,'
    whitespace = ' \t\n\r'

    for c in s:
        if c in splitters:
            tok = addTok(tok, ls)
            ls.append(c)
        elif c in whitespace:
            tok = addTok(tok, ls)
        else:
            tok = tok + c

    tok = addTok(tok, ls)

    return ls

#some tests to make sure it works
print breakLine('carolina(Prada):cat(X,Y)')
print breakLine('trouble :bird (X ) &cat ( Y )')
print breakLine('?trouble')

# Prints:
['carolina', '(', 'Prada', ')', ':', 'cat', '(', 'X', ',', 'Y', ')']
['trouble', ':', 'bird', '(', 'X', ')', '&', 'cat', '(', 'Y', ')']
['?', 'trouble']



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Thu Jul 13 09:30:35 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:30:35 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m28xmxy6mc.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> "S?bastien Boisg?rault" <Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com> (SB) wrote:

>SB> Hi,

>SB> Could anyone explain me how the python string "?" is mapped to
>SB> the binary code "\xe9" in my python interpreter ?

That is not done in the python interpreter. It is done in the editor in
which you prepare your python source.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 12 11:59:19 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 17:59:19 +0200
Subject: check type when assignment
References: <1152717310.209736.131020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hkkieF15h8U1@uni-berlin.de>

pipehappy wrote:

> Hello everyone:
> 
> Is there a way to check the type when do assignment?
> 
> if I write:
> ab = bc
> and want to make sure the return value of isinstance(bc, klass) is True
> or I will raise
> a exception.

In general, not doable. The assignment operator is not overloadable.

Only if you use assignments of the form

a.foo = bar

you could overwrite the __setattribute__-method to achieve what you want. 


Diez


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Thu Jul 13 09:52:49 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:52:49 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m24pxly5la.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> kdotsky at gmail.com (k) wrote:

>k> Hello,
>k> I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
>k> (urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
>k> significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
>k> only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
>k> key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
>k> hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
>k> I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table.  If I
>k> do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
>k> the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
>k> technique work for a set?

Maybe a Berkeley DB hash file would be a good alternative. It can contain
all your key,value pairs but will only keep a small amount in memory.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 18:13:32 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:13:32 -0700
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
In-Reply-To: <1154121986.564021.136680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8680.1154118615.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154121986.564021.136680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154124812.869991.64120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

idk, most regexes look surprisingly like undergrowth.

malahal, why don't you parse s into a dict? read each couple of lines
into a key-value pair.


John Machin wrote:
> malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> > Hi,
> >     My string is a multi line string that contains "filename
> >     <filename>\n" and "host <host>\n" entries among other things.
> >
> >     For example: s = """ filename X
> >                     host hostname1
> >                     blah...
> >                     host hostname2
> >                     blah...
> >                     filename Y
> >                     host hostname3
> >                     """
> > Given a host name, I would like to get its filename (The closest
> > filename reading backwards from the host line). I could read each line
> > until I hit the host name, but I am looking for an RE that will do job.
>
> Looking for? REs don't lurk in the undergrowth waiting to be found. You
> will need to write one (unless some misguided person spoon-feeds you).
> What have you tried so far?
>
> > The answer should be "Y" for host hostname3 and "X" for either host
> > hostname1 or hostname2.
> > 
> > Thanks in advance.
> > 
> > --Malahal.



From deusfaber at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 18:17:28 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 15:17:28 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <1153519585.020159.243560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153519585.020159.243560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153693048.194075.272870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi Francois,
 Thank you for providing me the evdev link! That was exactly what I was
looking for. Instead of sudo'ing the script, I changed /dev/input/
directory to be world readable.
After that, I had to change the way a file was accessed in evdev.py to:
Line No: 91         #self.fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDWR |
os.O_NONBLOCK)
self.fd = os.open(filename, os.O_RDONLY | os.O_NONBLOCK)

Runs great.

Thanks again.

francois.schnell at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello dfaber,
>
> I had the same problem not long ago. I tried to use the Xlib since its
> obvious the X server  has all the events but I couldn't have the mouse
> events if my app was out of focus. If you have a way to do that I'm
> really interested.
>
> Anyway I found this to be a good introduction to Xlib:
> http://users.actcom.co.il/~choo/lupg/tutorials/xlib-programming/xlib-programming.html#preface
>
> Since I didn't find a way to do it I went down to the source of the
> events which are provided by the evdev drivers:
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evdev
>
> Fortunately you can use Python to access it:
> http://svn.navi.cx/misc/trunk/python/evdev/
>
> First you need to know your input devices, search the eventX in
> relation to your device here:
> cat /proc/bus/input/devices
>
> Then you can do:
> sudo python evdev.py /dev/input/eventX  # where X is the event number
> in relation to your device (kb is usually zero)
>
> It works well but there is two problems with this solution:
> - the root access is annoying (but I'll have to try Diez suggestion)
> - The X event number of the mouse can change from a PC to another one
> (you need to check the PC first with that cat command and search for
> your "mouse"
>
> francois
>
>
>
>
>
> dfaber wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >  I have been searching for a keyboard and mouse tracker on linux. I've
> > read solutions (watch at sourceforge) which look at /proc/interrupts to
> > check keyboard or mouse activity. I also read one post where "watch"
> > seems to have difficulty tracking usb keyboards and mice. So, I'm out
> > of ideas here.
> >
> > My goal are:
> > 1. Check keyboard activity. I'm not interested in logging which keys
> > are pressed or record them.
> > 2. Monitor mouse activity. I want to know the pointer position,
> > left-clicks, right-clicks, middle-mouse button usage.
> >
> > I know that these things can be done in a GUI environment. I am looking
> > for some approach that helps me do this system-wide.
> >
> > Any suggestions would be welcome. Again, I am looking for trackers on
> > Linux based machines.



From duncanm255 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:00:04 2006
From: duncanm255 at hotmail.com (D)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:00:04 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
if any changes were made by just editing the text file?  I want to do
this project the right way, but if it's going to be a big pain to
implement the edit function, just modifying the text file directly
isn't that big of a deal..

akameswaran at gmail.com wrote:
> D wrote:
> > Hi, I currently have a Python app with a Tkinter GUI frontend that I
> > use for system administration.  Everytime it launches, it reads a text
> > file which contains info about each host I wish to monitor - each field
> > (such as IP, hostname, etc.) is delimited by !!.  Now, I want to be
> > able to edit host information from within the GUI - what would  be the
> > best way to go about this?  Basically I just need to either edit the
> > original host line, or write a new host line and delete the
> > original..thanks!
>
> Might be overkill - but pickle the  data memeber that contains the
> information.  If you use text instead of binary pickling it should
> still be editable by hand.  for a single line of text it may be a bit
> much - but it's still probably quicker than opening a file, parsing
> etc.



From rwboley at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:57:42 2006
From: rwboley at gmail.com (rwboley)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 07:57:42 -0700
Subject: Advice for Python Reporting Tool
References: <1152726278.745957.229920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152726739.311638.84600@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152802662.206847.220670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Mike Kent wrote:
> rwboley wrote:
>
> > My question is: how can I make that graphing step easier?  Ideally I'd
> > like the chart to exist on it's own page, but I have no idea where to
> > even begin to implement this.  Any thoughts would be appreciated.
>
> I've seen several people recommend matplotlib for this kind of thing.
>
> http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/

Thanks Mike, this has worked out perfectly!

Ryan



From rocketiii.scientist at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:32:02 2006
From: rocketiii.scientist at gmail.com (RocketIII)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:32:02 -0700
Subject: SWIG, Python and C structures
Message-ID: <1154093522.349228.143250@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have structures like the following:

typedef struct _SX
{
  int   i;
  char  str[10];
} SX;

typedef struct _SXA
{
  int num_elements;
  SX  sa[10];
} SXA;

void myfunc1( SX *sx_p );
void myfunc2( SXA *sxa_p );

The swig interface file simply includes the .h-file with the '%include'
statement.

I'm having problems when sending elements of SX within the SXA as an
argument to myfunc2!

The Python codes is like following:
...
  sx1 = pymod.SX()
  sx1.i = 1
  sx1.str = "string1"
  sx2 = pymod.SX()
  sx2.i = 2
  sx2.str = "string2"

  sxl = []
  sxl.append( sx1 )
  sxl.append( sx2 )

  sxa = pymod.SXA()
  sxa.num_elements = len(sxl)
  sxa.sa = sxl                                  # <-triggers the
following error

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "pymod_test.py", line 34, in ?
    test()
  File "pymod_test.py", line 31, in test
    test2()
  File "pymod_test.py", line 25, in test2
    sxa.sa = sxl
  File "/home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py", line 70, in <lambda>
    __setattr__ = lambda self, name, value: _swig_setattr(self, SXA,
name, value)
  File "/home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py", line 22, in _swig_setattr
    return _swig_setattr_nondynamic(self,class_type,name,value,0)
  File "/home/user/utv/misc/pymods/pymod.py", line 15, in
_swig_setattr_nondynamic
    if method: return method(self,value)
TypeError: argument number 2: a 'SX *' is expected, 'list([<pymod.SX;
proxy of C SX instance at _a0211708_p__SX>, <pymod.SX; proxy of C SX
instance at _70b21408_p__SX>])' is received

I've tried to add a %typemap (in) SX { ... } without any success.

The following assignment with call to myfunc2 works though.
sxa.sa = sx1 

Can anyone please advise

Regards
- Ingi



From lists at videonetwork.org  Mon Jul 31 09:05:02 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:05:02 +0100
Subject: Another problem with 'Dive Into Python'
Message-ID: <1154351103.7157.69.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Am going through Chapter 9 - HTTP Web Services in dive into Python.  It
uses the following:

data = urllib.urlopen('http://diveintomark.org/xml/atom.xml').read()

The page no longer exists, can anyone recommend an alternative page to
use?

Ben





From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 11:41:12 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 12:41:12 -0300
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8402.1153502962.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnec6g1p.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1v1nfimu9m81s.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-23 06:24:09, Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> In general, I'd say that in this case the example was not well-chosen.
>> After such a "shudder removal", a poster should IMO review what caused
>> the shudder, and rephrase the original problem without the shudder.
> 
> The shudder is not with the poster. The poster can't predict how the
> readers will react. 

Correct. But if someone with the potential to help shudders, I might just 
rephrase my "question" (the code) to suit that person's preferences. Why 
not?

>> That might take a few iterations, but in general, either one or more of
>> the "shudder removals" actually address the OP's issue, maybe without
>> any individual helper understanding all of the problem (due to
>> incomplete example code), or the iterations lead to a code that's
>> "shudder free" and still shows the original problem -- now usually in a
>> clearer form, because free of other issues that are not relevant to the
>> OP's point.
> 
> I doubt that. 

I'm not sure, but I've seen in the short time I've been here that a few of 
the regulars both have their specific "shudder" issues, and post helpful 
alternative solutions and corrections. So I think it definitely can help to 
address their "shudder" issues and get this out of the way. 

> My experience is that you have more chance of being helped by people who
> try to understand where the OP is trying to go form than from those who
> react to style issues. 

No contest to that. But why not talk to the others, who in a way insist on 
their idiom but otherwise contribute to helpful solutions, in their idiom?

> I have never seem a bug go away because someone suggested to write "if
> Number:" instead of "if Number != 0:"

Of course. I didn't mean to imply this. But if the only thing that's 
required from me is to rephrase my code idiom and replace the "number != 0" 
comparisons with "number", that's a small price to pay. 

You are right, IMO, that this stuff comes over as petty sometimes. And that 
it often is far away from the original question. But just as often 
corrections that at first seem petty lead to different ideas about 
implementation that the OP didn't consider. 

My view is: I ask for help on a public forum. I get what I get... and if I 
consider that someone who responded with something that's not immediately 
helpful has a potential to help me better, I try to get in a dialog and 
address what has been suggested, carving out my real problem in the idiom 
of that person. This is my responsibility -- after all, I'm the one who 
wants to learn how that person would solve my problem. Later then I can try 
to separate what I want to use from that solution from what I consider 
personal preference of the helping person.


>> E.g. if someone makes a suggestion that is valid with the example code I
>> posted but not with the real code I have, I need to post an updated
>> example code that introduces a restriction similar to the one I
>> actually have, which then correctly invalidates the formerly valid
>> suggestion -- and helps getting more helpful responses.
> 
> Not necessarily. A valid suggestion doesn't imply a relevant suggestion.
> 
> If someone come with code like:
> 
>   if Number != 0:
> 
> And someone suggests that the python idiom is
> 
>   if Number:
> 
> Then that suggestion is valid, but it also is irrelevant. 

Correct. But if it helps the person who suggested it to see the original 
problem, now not hidden (for that person) under offending idiom, then the 
change was relevant -- not for the problem, but for the communication about 
it. 

It's like if you want good stock advice from your uncle, who's experienced 
in the matter but very formal, ask him without using the f*** word. You can 
use it when asking your other uncle, who's also experienced but doesn't 
really care about formalities. Tune in if you want a good channel...


>> This is a process that in the past has taught me a lot (not Python, but
>> that's just because I'm too new here :). Once you get good at this
>> process, it often helps you find the problem even before posting,
>> because boiling code down to what the /real/ problem is can show you a
>> lot you otherwise miss.
> 
> Sure, but if you do that, you sometimes have code that deviates from the
> python idiom because there was originnaly a good reason for, but that
> isn't obvious any more because you are temporarily working with a boiled
> down piece of code. People making suggestions on how to make that boiled
> down code look more pythonic by using the python idiom are IMO not very
> helpfull because essentially those are just aesthetic.

I agree that mere aesthetic changes usually don't address the problem in 
itself. But it's just like posting here in a distant Chinese dialect won't 
do you any good (and neither in a distant, say, Scottish dialect :). If you 
want to get up a helpful communication, you need to use the right language. 
Here it is English and Python :)  and if making my example code more 
pythonic (and my textual part more English) helps me creating a better 
communication about the issue I'm interested in, that's what I do (and what 
I'd recommend everybody else to do). 

If there is a valid reason for a part of the code being different 
("non-pythonic"), and that difference may be relevant, then there's a way 
to show that reason in the example code. It may be that exactly this 
process of boiling the code down to the relevant pieces shows you the 
answer. That happens more often than most people realize, and is a process 
that's quite valuable. 

To apply that to your example... If there's no particular reason to write 
"number != 0", then just repost the problem code with "number" instead and 
you're done. But if there's a reason, try to set up your example code so it 
shows that reason. This both helps people understand your problem better, 
and may just show the reason for the problem -- after all, you most often 
than not don't know where exactly your problem is, so you're not in a good 
position to judge what you can leave out of the code without taking out the 
problematic part. So: boil down your code to what shows the problem, and 
nothing more, as much as possible, and present it in an idiom that helps 
the others to help you. 

Gerhard



From amit.man at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:52:08 2006
From: amit.man at gmail.com (noro)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:52:08 -0700
Subject: local moduile acess from cgi-bin
Message-ID: <1153835528.499270.284150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hello all.

I do some coding in python but this is my first attampt to write
somthing for hte web.

I need to write a cgi-bin script for a web-server, and i've got the
access for it from our "SYSTEM". the problem is that this script uses
some modules (pg, pyLab) that i've installed localy in my home dir.
Python knows how to find them due to an enviorment variable inthe shell
(please corrent me if i'm wrong).

now, i am by no means big expert about web servers, but if i got it
right, the web server run under some user ("www-data" or such).
so howi can i make this user (and the web) be able to run my python
code without having to install the modules as shared. (which i dont
think they will allow me).

thanks very much 
amit



From skip at pobox.com  Sat Jul 15 09:25:00 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 08:25:00 -0500
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>
	<e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <17592.60588.790905.169234@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Wolfgang> thanks for the hint! But what is the difference between
    Wolfgang> from module import *
    Wolfgang>   and
    Wolfgang> import module
    Wolfgang> ?

Try it and see.  I happen to have a.py laying about:

    import atexit

    def work():
      print "whew! work is hard"

    def exit():
      print "module a is cleaned up"

    atexit.register(exit)

At the top level there are three names, atexit, work and exit.
When I first start the interpreter I don't have much available:

    >>> vars().keys()
    ['__builtins__', '__name__', '__doc__']

If I import the module a, a reference to a is added to the namespace, but
not (directly) the objects it contains:

    >>> import a
    >>> vars().keys()
    ['__builtins__', '__name__', '__doc__', 'a']

I can still get at the objects in a though:

    >>> dir(a)
    ['__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'atexit', 'exit', 'work']
    >>> a.work
    <function work at 0x3c9570>

Get rid of a:

    >>> del a
    >>> vars().keys()
    ['__builtins__', '__name__', '__doc__']

Now import everything in a:

    >>> from a import *
    >>> vars().keys()
    ['__builtins__', 'work', 'atexit', 'exit', '__name__', '__doc__']

There are two practical differences to importing names from a module
vs. just importing the module.  As I indicated in my previous note, the
"from star" import pollutes your namespace.  It might not seem like much if
you're only grabbing three objects you are interested in, but imagine if a
contained a lot of names, many of which you weren't going to use in your
program:

    >>> from Tkinter import *
    >>> vars().keys()
    ['getdouble', 'MULTIPLE', 'TypeType', 'mainloop', 'Canvas', 'AtSelLast',
    'CodeType', 'TRUE', 'getboolean', 'LAST', 'TclVersion', 'BOTTOM', 'Wm',
    'NUMERIC', 'Toplevel', 'DictProxyType', 'ObjectType', 'DictType',
    'EXTENDED', 'OFF', 'SEL', 'LongType', 'CURRENT', 'CallWrapper',
    'Scrollbar', 'ListType', 'X', 'GeneratorType', 'FIRST', 'ON',
    'image_names', 'ClassType', 'YES', 'LambdaType', 'GROOVE', 'XRangeType',
    'Scale', 'NORMAL', 'SW', 'BUTT', 'Label', 'ROUND', 'image_types',
    'AtInsert', 'StringType', 'NONE', 'CENTER', 'FloatType', 'Spinbox',
    'UnicodeType', 'Checkbutton', 'Grid', 'StringTypes', 'ModuleType',
    'FileType', 'FLAT', 'END', 'VERTICAL', '__builtins__', 'MITER',
    'Widget', 'DISABLED', 'S', 'COMMAND', 'EllipsisType', 'W', 'ACTIVE',
    '__name__', 'EW', 'FrameType', 'BASELINE', 'CHORD', 'tkinter',
    'FunctionType', 'Image', 'BitmapImage', 'Event', 'RADIOBUTTON',
    'SliceType', 'Place', 'HIDDEN', 'PAGES', 'NoDefaultRoot', 'ANCHOR',
    'CHAR', 'SEPARATOR', 'BooleanType', 'HORIZONTAL', 'TclError', 'MOVETO',
    'WORD', 'SUNKEN', 'NO', 'DictionaryType', 'NotImplementedType',
    'READABLE', 'NE', 'CHECKBUTTON', 'Variable', 'Pack', '__doc__', 'NW',
    'RAISED', 'AtEnd', 'RIDGE', 'BooleanVar', 'Tributton', 'SOLID', 'N',
    'CASCADE', 'SEL_FIRST', 'TkVersion', 'UNDERLINE', 'UNITS', 'TupleType',
    'OptionMenu', 'ALL', 'NS', 'FALSE', 'Text', 'Frame', 'SEL_LAST', 'Misc',
    'OUTSIDE', 'LabelFrame', 'getint', 'Radiobutton', 'LEFT', 'Listbox',
    'wantobjects', 'SE', 'EXCEPTION', 'IntType', 'Menu', 'TOP', 'DoubleVar',
    'DOTBOX', 'SINGLE', 'Tk', 'IntVar', 'AtSelFirst', 'UnboundMethodType',
    'PanedWindow', 'INSERT', 'BuiltinMethodType', 'BROWSE', 'Tcl',
    'BuiltinFunctionType', 'BaseWidget', 'PROJECTING', 'MethodType',
    'TracebackType', 'BEVEL', 'E', 'InstanceType', 'BOTH', 'PIESLICE',
    'Button', 'sys', 'Y', 'Entry', 'Message', 'PhotoImage', 'RIGHT',
    'BufferType', 'Studbutton', 'INSIDE', 'Menubutton', 'WRITABLE',
    'StringVar', 'ARC', 'At', 'ComplexType', 'NSEW', 'SCROLL', 'NoneType'] 

The chance that one of those names would rebind an already existing name in
your namespace is much higher.

The second practical difference is that if the object referenced by a name
is immutable (say, an integer), the name in the current namespace doesn't
get rebound if the module modifies the value.  Consider b.py:

    total_work = 0
    def work():
      global total_work
      print "not as hard as it might be"  
      total_work += 1

If I execute

    from b import total_work, work

names are created in my current namespace that reference the objects bound
to those names *at that moment* in the b module's namespace.  If I then call
work(), it rebinds the name total_work in b's namespace (because integers
are immutable), however, I don't see the effect, because the name
"total_work" in my namespace is still bound to the object 0:

    >>> from b import total_work, work
    >>> total_work
    0
    >>> work()
    not as hard as it might be
    >>> total_work
    0
    >>> work()
    not as hard as it might be
    >>> total_work
    0

Apparently work is really pretty easy...

If, on the other hand, I import b, I get the expected behavior:

    >>> import b
    >>> b.total_work
    0
    >>> b.work()
    not as hard as it might be
    >>> b.total_work
    1
    >>> b.work()
    not as hard as it might be
    >>> b.total_work
    2

because each time I reference b.total_work I'm using the name in b's
namespace to find the current object to which it's bound.  That's the same
name that b.work() rebinds each time it's called.

Skip


From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:40:12 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:40:12 -0300
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x3bcogl9i.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com> <44C7E846.3070306@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <zmhemtnaoitw.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 19:10:14, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> Ah, alright.  So if that's the case, why would you use python threads 
> versus spawning processes?  If they both point to the same address space 
> and python threads can't run concurrently due to the GIL what are they 
> good for?

Nothing runs concurrently on a single core processor (pipelining aside).
Processes don't run any more concurrently than threads. The scheduling is
different, but they still run sequentially.

Gerhard



From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 10:54:05 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 07:54:05 -0700
Subject: Classes and global statements
Message-ID: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have a series of classes that are all within the same file. Each is
called at different times by the main script. Now I have discovered
that I need several variables returned to the main script. Simple,
right? I thought so and simply returned the variables in a tuple:
(a,b,c,d,e) = obj.method()
Now I keep getting this error: "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size"


 I think this is because I am trying to return some Numeric arrays as
well as list and I didn't declare these prior to calling the class
method. The problem is that some of these arrays are set within the
class and cannot be set in the calling script. I removed these arrays
and tried it again and still I get this error. So I have another idea:

I have one class that sets a bunch of varibles like this:
myclass:
  def __init__(self,var1,var2,var3):
         self.var1 = var1
         self.var2 = var2
         .
         .
         .
         etc.
Then I use the following script to make these variable global:

global main
main = myclass(var1,var2,var3)

I am thinking that I should be able to "insert" other variable into
this main from within other classes like this:

otherclass:
 def __init__(self,a,b,c,d):
       self.a = a..... etc.
 def somemethod(self):
       self.newvar = ........
       main.newvar = self.newvar
       return self.a
****************************************
This looks wierd but I am wondering if it will work? This would be a
wonderful way to store variables that will be needed later instead of
passing them back and forth.
After trying this it did work! My question is why? Another way to solve
this problem is to make the variable I need global in the class that
they are created. Does anyone have a better way in mind?

Sincerely,
Sheldon



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 09:27:11 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:27:11 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<7xk65uth4z.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <8Bnzg.1786$W93.279@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> > Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?
>> 
>> I must disagree on that one: There are many threads on this site where
>> people just have fun talking algorithm. I'm not an algo. expert and I
>> know there are many here.
> 
> This is just like the very common situation here and on sci.crypt,
> where a person has a programming or algorithm question and gets asked
> what the application is, and when they answer, it turns out that what
> they need is not anything like what they thought they needed.
> 
>> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made
>> by epson
>> 
>> on the other device, the processor is unknown to me and the environment
>> is a subset of java made for smartcards called javacard.
> 
> ???? You mean ARM?? There is no such thing as an 8-bit ARM; they are
> 32-bit cpu's that (in some models) support a 16-bit instruction
> format.
> 
> Javacard is an interpreter that runs in many 8-bit processors.  The
> interpreter supports 32-bit arithmetic.

I checked the processor and it is an EPSON 8 bit (SC88 I think).

If you check the javacard specs, you'll see that not all VM support 32 bits.

Regards,
Philipped




From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Tue Jul 25 06:05:12 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:05:12 +0200
Subject: doctest with variable return value
In-Reply-To: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607251205.12539.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

On Tuesday 25 July 2006 09:53, 3KWA wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I am wondering what is the standard doctest (test) practice for
> functions who's returned value change all the time e.g. forex rate:
>
> import urllib
>
> def get_rate(symbol):
>     """get_rate(symbol) connects to yahoo finance to return the rate of
> symbol.
>
>     >>>get_rate('AUDEUR')
>
>     """
>
>     url=
> "http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=%s=X&f=sl1d1t1c1ohgv&e=.csv" %
> \
>          symbol
>     f=urllib.urlopen(url)
>     return float(f.readline().split(',')[1])
>
> As you can guess I am very new to unittest and doctest in general ...
>
> Thanks for your help,
>
> EuGeNe

Hi EuGeNe,
Pass it through a variable before returning a value.
Here's how I would do it:

import urllib2
def get_rate(symbol):
   
URL='http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=AUDEUR=X&f=sl1d1t1c1ohgv&e=.csv'
   request_headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Linuxinclar/0.1' }
   request = urllib2.Request(URL, None, request_headers)
   response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
   STR = response.read()
   return STR.split(',')[1].strip()

SYMB='AUDEUR'
print SYMB,'=',get_rate(SYMB)

Python rocks.
That's be nice to indicate hour though (4th array element)...

Best Regards,
Rob Sinclar


From etayluz at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:39:03 2006
From: etayluz at gmail.com (Etayki)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:39:03 -0700
Subject: ie.ExecWB(40004, 2, 0, 0)
Message-ID: <1152891543.650894.141540@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the previous response. Now I want to do something similar:

ie.ExecWB(IDM_SELECTALL, OLECMDEXECOPT_DONTPROMPTUSER)

However, I don't have the values for the above constants either, and I
don't know how to import them. Any ideas?



From taleinat at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 07:05:02 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 04:05:02 -0700
Subject: How to terminate a main script?
In-Reply-To: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>
References: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>
Message-ID: <1152702302.581999.320270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Helmut Jarausch wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'm still looking for an elegant and clear means to
> terminate the main script in Python.
>
> Unfortunately, Python doesn't allow a 'return'
> instruction in the main script.
>
It is quite a common practice for Python scripts to define a main()
function which contains the actual code, and have "main()" on the last
line of the file. This allows you to just 'return' from wherever you
like in your code.

It is even more common to use this in the end instead of "main()":
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

This way, if the file is imported as a module, the main() function
won't execute, but if it is run directly from a command line or using
execfile() it will execute.

Enjoy!

- Tal



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul  5 21:23:59 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 18:23:59 -0700
Subject: problems with midi programming in python
In-Reply-To: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
References: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <1152149039.188634.286070@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Not related to your actual question, but note:

>       if len(result) == 0:

empty lists test as False, so this can just be

>       if not result:



and

>           result[len(result)-1] -= 128

you can index lists with negative ints, backwards from the end of the
list, so this can be

>           result[-1] -= 128


Those are two of my favorite things about python.  :-)


Peace,
~Simon



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 17 22:32:38 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 02:32:38 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <aLXug.11420$5B3.4643@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Darren New wrote:
> David Hopwood wrote:
> 
>> public class LoopInitTest {
>>     public static String getString() { return "foo"; }
>>
>>     public static void main(String[] args) {
>>         String line = getString();
>>         boolean is_last = false;
>>
>>         while (!is_last) {
>>             if (line.charAt(0) == 'q') {
>>                 is_last = true;
>>             }
>>
>>             // insert line into inputs (not important for analysis)
>>
>>             if (!is_last) {
>>                 line = getString();
>>             }
>>         }
>>     }
>> }
>>
>> which compiles without error, because is_last is definitely initialized.
> 
> At what point do you think is_last or line would seem to not be
> initialized? They're both set at the start of the function, and (given
> that it's Java) nothing can unset them.
> 
> At the start of the while loop, it's initialized. At the end of the
> while loop, it's initialized. So the merge point of the while loop has
> it marked as initialized.

Apparently, Hermes (at least the version of it described in that paper)
essentially forgets that is_last has been initialized at the top of the
loop, and so when it does the merge, it is merging 'not necessarily initialized'
with 'initialized'.

This sounds like a pretty easy thing to fix to me (and maybe it was fixed
later, since there are other papers on Hermes' typestate checking that I
haven't read yet).

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:04:14 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:04:14 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
Message-ID: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
python.  Thanks.



From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Sun Jul 16 17:43:24 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 23:43:24 +0200
Subject: Embedding exe file
References: <1153069012.619772.325170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bab312$0$857$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!


This script :

    import base64
    data=open("D:\\toto.exe","rb").read()
    data64='''import base64,os
    data="""'''+base64.b64encode(data)+'''"""
    f=open(r"C:\\temporaire.exe","wb").write(base64.b64decode(data))
    os.system(r"C:\\temporaire.exe")
    '''
    f=open("64exe.py","w").write(data64)


Create a script (ascii file) "64exe.py" with the exe "D:\toto.exe"
The script "64exe.py"  (re)-create  C:\temporaire.exe  and run it.

It's a little basic template, for your answer.


*sorry for my bad english*

Michel Claveau





From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 15:50:54 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 12:50:54 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154375454.146545.219820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Is it possible to have a static variable in Python -
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
>
>  For example, suppose I have:
>
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
>
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
>
>
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

If you declare bits in set_bit() as "global bits = ...", it will create
it as a global variable without you having to declare it outside of the
function. Just be careful about name conflicts.



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:33:35 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:33:35 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151784684.655279.192040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1151779451.154552.268710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1151784684.655279.192040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151786015.537417.291720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I would sugest looking at http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/  The Expect
metalanguage was specifically designed for the kind of things you are
trying to do.  I used it recently on a project to configure 25
instances of an application, remotly, half over ssh half over telnet.



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Fri Jul 28 16:49:41 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:49:41 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154098043.199448.16850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154103878.043569.309120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154119781.060338.248940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ben Sizer wrote:
>
> Even C++ comes with OpenGL in the standard library.

Which standard library?

[...]

> Does PyQT play well with PyGame? And isn't it more of a windowing
> environment?

I'll have to let that question go, but I imagine the PyQt mailing list
would be able to provide some kind of answer:

http://mats.imk.fraunhofer.de/pipermail/pykde/

As for the nature of PyQt, it is a framework for developing
applications of various kinds, with the graphical user interface part
being the most interesting for most Python developers, I imagine. I
have read that the drawing and rendering support is rather powerful in
PyQt4, and I believe that various Qt-based visualisation solutions
exist.

[Web-SIG standardisation]

> This is something I wasn't incredibly happy about, as I felt it meant
> that personal egos were being saved at the expense of improving Python.

And some of the old frameworks whose APIs were so sacred have since
been replaced by a selection of new frameworks, each with their own
variation on what could easily be a common API. The original exercise
which led to the making WebStack was to investigate and document just
how each of the main frameworks differed; what I learned was that the
sacred "convenient" APIs of numerous frameworks were frequently
underdefined wrappers around parts of the cgi module that, despite
protests to the contrary, were more or less providing the same
functionality with varying amounts of subjective convenience.

(To an extent, WebStack doesn't expose certain functionality of the old
cgi module API completely, either, but with a dose of additional
motivation, I'd probably update the API to do certain things in a more
satisfactory way whilst preserving the improved semantics.)

> And I always thought that WSGI was solving the wrong problem. It
> certainly didn't go very far towards meeting the expressed goals of the
> Web-SIG. Oh well.
> <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/web-sig/2004-August/000650.html>

There are some remarks just after that message about the SIG charter
needing to change or having become irrelevant, but in fact the need for
standard functionality is as relevant today as ever. At a slightly
higher level, everyone would now prefer that you buy into their total
"full stack" solution, perhaps with the exception of the Paste
developers whose selection of packages either suggest a problem of
internal framework proliferation or one of a lack of coherency in
presenting a suitable solution to the casual inquirer.

Given the amount of traffic the Web-SIG mailing list has been getting,
it's safe to say that while many would consider the job done, the
project has mostly failed in meeting its objectives.

Paul



From joel.hedlund at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 05:23:11 2006
From: joel.hedlund at gmail.com (Joel Hedlund)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:23:11 +0200
Subject: Has anyone used davlib by Greg Stein?
In-Reply-To: <e9im9e$r1v$1@news.lysator.liu.se>
References: <e9im9e$r1v$1@news.lysator.liu.se>
Message-ID: <eaki0s$fk5$1@news.lysator.liu.se>

> Has anyone worked with this? Is it any good? 

I'll take the palpable silence as a "no" then. :-)

Thank's anyway!
/Joel


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 13:23:16 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:23:16 GMT
Subject: trouble understanding super()
In-Reply-To: <1154363450.479986.16980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <7vpzg.2606$No6.51376@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154363450.479986.16980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <80rzg.2608$No6.51410@news.tufts.edu>

Simon Forman wrote:

> In this case the object's (instance of D) mro will be (D, B, C, A,
> object), so as super gets called in each class, it looks in that list
> (tuple, whatever) for the class following it (actually the next class
> following it that implements the method).
> 
> Since no class appears in that list more than once, each class's
> implementation of the method will only be called once.

But after super(D, self).met() is called, doesn't that then call both 
super(B, self).met() and super(C, self).met()? If so, how does that 
avoid calling A.met twice? Or is that not what's happening?

Here's what I think gets called, in order, after running D().met():

print 'D.met'
super(D, self).met()
print 'B.met'
super(B, self).met()
print 'A.met'
print 'C.met'
super(C, self).met()
print 'A.met'


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 09:22:07 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 15:22:07 +0200
Subject: Detupleize a tuple for argument list
In-Reply-To: <9ofyhgns5k.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
References: <9ok66sntuw.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
	<slrneanbbk.9rr.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<9ofyhgns5k.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
Message-ID: <44abbd00$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Marco Wahl wrote:
>>Marco Wahl enlightened us with:
>>
>>>>>>foo(t)
>>>
>>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>>> TypeError: foo() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
>>
>>Call foo(*t)
> 
> 
> Thank you very much Luke Plant, Steven D'Aprano and Sybren Stuvel.
> 
> This was exactly what I was looking for.  I'm happy now.  ;-)
FWIW, there's something similar for dicts and named args:

>>> def foo(a, b): print str(a), str(b)
...
>>> kwargs = {'a' : 1, 'b': 2}
>>> foo(**kwargs)
1 2
>>>



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From joncle at googlemail.com  Thu Jul 27 06:08:03 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 03:08:03 -0700
Subject: Automatic email checking - best procedures/suggestions
Message-ID: <1153994883.893339.125610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

I'm hoping someone has some experience in this field and could give me
a pointer in the right direction - it's not purely python related
though. Any modules/links someone has tried and found useful would be
greatly appreciated...

I want to have an automated process which basically has its own email
account on the LAN. The basic idea is that upon receipt of an email, it
logs this in a database and then forwards the message on to 'suitable'
recipients. (Well it will do more, but this is perfect to be going on
with and buildable on...)

The database and email account are set up and working fine. Using
smtplib, imaplib or poplib I can send and receive mail - this is not a
problem. What I'm unsure of is the best way to design this. Bear in
mind that network/email server configuration changes can be made. For
instance, do I connect to the email server and keep polling it every
'n' whatever for new messages, or should I be looking to the smtpd
module and get mail via that? (or any other way?)

I think I'm basically after the best way to implement:
Email in ------> Python process ------> Email out

Cheers,

Jon.



From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul  5 00:49:56 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 21:49:56 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
In-Reply-To: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:

> Hi
> I would like to pass a variable in and use it as part of a name of an
> object, something like below, where I pass the variable software into
> the function and use it as part of the name of the object so that I can
> append to it using the other vairables.  Any suggestions?
>
>
>     def a_d(self,software,mac,time,extra):
>         global d_software
>         d_software.software.append([mac,time,extra])

I sorted it out



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 14:46:58 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:46:58 -0700
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
In-Reply-To: <44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org><44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>
Message-ID: <1154112418.313106.263400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

doh.
ok, so, recursion is just functional programming sugar for a loop.
def get_As(L):
    checking = [elem for elem in L if isinstance(elem, list)]    # the
equivalent of elem in recursion
    all_As = [elem for elem in L if isinstance(elem, A)]
    while checking:
        new_checking = []   # all lists in all lists in checking
        for sub_L in checking:
            for elem in sub_L:
                if isinstance(elem, A):
                    all_As.append(elem)
                elif isinstance(elem, list):
                    new_checking.append(elem)
        checking = new_checking
    return all_As


yomgui wrote:
> I forgot the most important, I am looking for a non recursive method.
>
> thanks
>
> yomgui
>
> yomgui wrote:
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > I have a list of data (type A)
> > my list can includes element of type A or a lists,
> > these list can includes element of type A or a lists, and so on ...
> >
> > is there a simple way to obtain a single list of all the elemets
> > of type A ?
> > 
> > thanks
> > 
> > yomgui



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Wed Jul 26 17:20:28 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:20:28 -0700
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
References: <9583ed900607261104i23230ba2sa634e3969b70f3b3@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8582.1153941474.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153948828.512071.89780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
>

[Quoting "david"...]

> > I am trying to automate navigating to urls (all from a txt file) 1 at a time
> > in Firefox and then killing firefox before navigating to the next. I think I
> > might have to use PyXPCOM to do this but I have never used this package and
> > cannot find any good resources on the net to help me along. Anyone have an
> > idea as to how I would do this or have any good resources they could point
> > me to?

> just what are you trying to do... are you trying to drive some functionality
> of firefox? are you trying to parse web files??

There are some plausible reasons for automating browsers rather than
writing a script to download, parse, interpret, submit, and so on, not
limited to things like getting good visual feedback, access to
in-browser features that may be necessary to successfully access or
interpret content, avoiding issues with server-side browser checks
(possibly not limited to mere "user agent" testing), and a hopefully
intuitive and sufficient model of the page to get and to produce the
right information.

> more information might allow someone to shed additional thoughts on a
> solution..

Well, PyXPCOM didn't support out-of-process automation last time I
checked, and I haven't read anything on the PyXPCOM list [1] that would
suggest otherwise. Meanwhile, there is support for automation of
browsers like Internet Explorer and Konqueror [2] which may or may not
be good enough for the questioner's needs, although the latter requires
some non-standard components before it works, unfortunately.

Paul

[1] http://listserv.activestate.com/mailman/listinfo/pyxpcom
[2] http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/qtxmldom.html
    http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/kpartplugins.html



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 15:55:48 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 12:55:48 -0700
Subject: building/installing python libs/modules...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7693.1151782438.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7693.1151782438.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151783748.516924.297800@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> i've got the python app:
> http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/downloads/libxml2dom-0.3.3.tar.gz
>
> and i've downloaded it, an untarred it...
> i have the dir structure, but i don't know what needs to be done now!!! i
> have a setup.py. does it get run?
>
> the Readme file didn't tell me how to build the app....

The setup.py is a distutils installer. The usual drill in that case is
to simply type "python setup.py install". If the module is registered
in PyPi (which this one is), you can just type "easy_install
libxml2dom" (after easy_install is setup) and you will not even need to
download and extract.

In this case, your module is a native wrapper. So you will need the
libraries that it provides a wrapper for, installed. In this case
(libxml2, libxml2dom). You will also need a C compiler.

All this can be trivial on a unix based platform. However, if you are
new and on Windows, this can be a hassle since you will have to
manually setup your C compiler and the dependencies. Try to find a
binary installer for native Python modules in MS Windows whenever you
can.

Here is a click and go installer built for Windows that I found from
Google.
http://users.skynet.be/sbi/libxml-python/binaries/libxml2-python-2.6.22.win32-py2.4.exe



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul  5 16:48:07 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:48:07 -0700
Subject: import
In-Reply-To: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>
References: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>
Message-ID: <1152132487.440156.318740@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

that should be __init__.py [TWO underscores].
and you might want to import sys and check sys.path [the list of
directories searched by the import mechanism].


David Jackson wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I'm a real beginner with python but have what I think is a simple question.
> I am writing some simple modules and would like to place them into a
> subdirectory.  But then I cannot seem to import them.  I have tried the
> following.
>
> I wrote a module called fibo.py with some definitions in it (one called
> fibo).  In the same directory, I wrote another file (test.py) and began with
> import fibo.  This worked fine and I was able to use the function fibo as
> fibo.fibo.  Then, I made a directory called test and placed the file fibo.py
> in this directory.  I also placed a blank file called _init_.py into this
> directory.  I went back to the original directory and tried to import
> test.fibo but this fails.  I get the following error message:
>
> Traceback (innermost last)
>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>     import test.fibo
>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>     import test.fibo
> ImportError: No module named fibo
>
> Any help would be greatly appreciated.  If it makes any difference, I'm
> working on a Mac, OSX 10.3.9
> 
> Thanks,
> David



From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Tue Jul 18 13:26:20 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:26:20 -0700
Subject: Should this be added to MySQLdb FAQ?
Message-ID: <1153243580.459687.326520@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I went through couple of wrong paths to install MySQLdb on my RedHat
box. I was trying to download MySQL client from MySQL.com and also
mySQLdb from SourceForge. After some challenges with compile errors and
also searching for pre-required RPMs, I found RedHat distribution
already contains all compiled rpms and all I need are within CDs 3 and
4 of RedHat distribution!

In essence, I found that I should check my Linux distribution first,
then attempt to download stuff from sourceforge!

I also posted the question to this group:
http://groups.google.ca/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/41c53c2c932dfa58/f72f09a863bffdb2?hl=en#f72f09a863bffdb2

If this makes sense, should it be added to MySQLdb FAQ?

Regards,
Max



From bborcic at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 15:50:21 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 21:50:21 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <7xr70erfaz.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch> <44c11139$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<7xr70erfaz.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44c5249e$1_2@news.bluewin.ch>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
>> To be more convincing... assume the algorithm is optimal and calls
> 
> That assumption is not even slightly realistic.  Real-world sorting
> algorithms almost never do a precisely minimal amount of comparison.

'optimal' or 'minimal amount of comparisons' does not mean here to make just the 
right n-1 comparisons between successive items to verify the order of n items, 
but rather that no strict subset of the comparisons made to sort some data is 
sufficient to sort that data.

IOW "minimal" in "minimal amount of comparisons" refers not to the total 
ordering by size of the sets of comparisons made, but to the partial ordering by 
set inclusion of these sets.

And in this sense, it is clear that quicksort for instance is optimal*

It is easy to see, when you detail this algorithm, that never during its run is 
the result of a comparison it makes, preordained by comparisons already made; 
iow : it doesn't make superfluous or redundant comparisons.

Do you mean quicksort-like algorithms aren't real-world ?

Best, BB
--

*assuming a variant, like the following for illustration, that doesn't waste 
info on equal items.

def qsort(items,cmp) :
     if len(items)<2 : return items
     pivot = items[0]
     divide = [[pivot],[],[]]
     for item in items[1:] :
         divide[cmp(item,pivot)].append(item)
     return qsort(divide[-1],cmp)+divide[0]+qsort(divide[1],cmp)


From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:35:50 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:35:50 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152729350.664462.176850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Henry wrote:
> Hi list,
>
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
>
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

There's reduce, but it's not as explicit, and see F's post RE
efficiency:

>>> x = [True, True, True]
>>> y = [True, False, True]
>>> print reduce(lambda a, b: a and b, x)
True
>>> print reduce(lambda a, b: a and b, y)
False
>>>



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:37:24 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:37:24 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.12.34.53.891206@yahoo.fr>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.12.34.53.891206@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <1153305444.118873.158550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


rony steelandt wrote:
> Since the event handler of a textctrl inherits from wxCommandEvent,
> I would guess that the binding should be to EVT_COMMAND_KILL_FOCUS

Still not working :(

Simon



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Fri Jul 14 10:25:57 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:25:57 +0200
Subject: imaplib question
In-Reply-To: <44B7A232.6030207@designaproduct.biz>
References: <44B7A232.6030207@designaproduct.biz>
Message-ID: <44B7A975.5060303@designaproduct.biz>

Laszlo Nagy ?rta:
>   Hello,
>
> I'm trying to write a very simple program that moves all messages from 
> INBOX into another folder.
> I'm not sure what am I doing wrong. This is a very simple task. I 
> believe I need to call these methods:
>
> - search -> get all message UIDs in the INBOX
> - copy -> copy all messages to another folder
> - store -> mark all messages in INBOX as deleted
> - expunge -> delete them physically
>   
Here is another try:

conn = getnewimapconnection()
try:
    typ,data = conn.select('INBOX',True)
    check_error((typ,data))
    # Store all messages into another
    for uid in all_messages[0].split():
        print uid
        typ,data = conn.uid('COPY',uid,'PublicInbox')
        check_error((typ,data))
finally:
    conn.logout()


It does not raise any exception, but the messages are NOT copied to 
PublicInbox.

   Laszlo



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Fri Jul 14 04:23:52 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:23:52 +0200
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
Message-ID: <00cb01c6a71e$d7ac7960$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

----- Original Message -----
From: "Tom Plunket" <gamedev at fancy.org>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Friday, July 14, 2006 12:49 AM
Subject: String handling and the percent operator

> I have some code to autogenerate some boilerplate code so that I don't
> need to do the tedious setup stuff when I want to create a new module.
>
> So, my script prompts the user for the module name, then opens two
> files and those files each get the contents of one of these functions:
>
etc.


Tom
      Might this be an idea? Put symbolic names into your templates, as many
as you want and replace them with the real names:

boilerplate = """
# Module MODULE
# DATE
# SUMMARY
class CLASS
   pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
import unittest
unittest.main('CLASS_t')
"""
names = '''
   MODULE=Corner_Cutter
   "DATE=%s"
   "SUMMARY=Fast stuff"
   CLASS=Sharpener
''' % time.ctime ()

import SE
Stream_Editor = SE.SE (names)
print Stream_Editor (boilerplate)

# Module Corner_Cutter
# Fri Jul 14 10:16:53 2006
# Fast stuff
class Sharpener
   pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
import unittest
unittest.main('Sharpener_t')

Will also do files:

Stream_Editor ('boilerplates/module_template',  'projects/%s.py' %
Stream_Editor ('MODULE'))
'projects/Corner_Cutter.py'

You'd have to download SE from the Cheese Shop. I managed to upload at least
the description, but people tell me that the program isn't there. So while I
struggle with the upload (assistance welcome) I send out SE by individual
request. If you want to try it, just tell me.

Cheers

Frederic

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From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul  7 12:39:08 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 09:39:08 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<rbWdnY8e6_awpTPZnZ2dnUVZ_vadnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <fv2dnWjtzonHEzPZnZ2dnUVZ_sidnZ2d@comcast.com>

I wrote the last posting at late late night and I didn't know what I was
typing at that time ;-p

I didn't mean the test with CherryPy was not concurrent
connections, or the test with lighttpd was all concurrent
connections. I actually tried both concurrent (-c in ab command line)
and non-concurrent (without -c in ab command line) and I tried
the threading and threadpooling in CherryPy. The result did not
vary much.

This article http://www.cherrypy.org/wiki/CherryPySpeed says CherryPy
can process around 400-500 requests/second. It's set up is:

  Pentium M 1.6, 1G RAM, Windows XP2 laptop, test done with apache 2.0.41 
ab.

I have a slightly better hardware set up:

  Pentium M 1.7MHz, 1.5G RAM on Windows XP2 laptop, test done with Apache 
2.2 ab

However, I don't get even close. The best I get is around 140
requests/second. I'm using the same test script as the CherryPy test
with slight modification just to make it run. As a matter of fact,
the Cygwin build of lighttpd only gets around 430 requests/second for
a 2-byte static file. I disabled firewall and antivirus on the box when
tests were done. Any idea about the huge difference? It would be very
interesting if some CherryPy (or python) users can post their performance
benchmarks.

Jack

"Jack" <nospam at invalid.com> wrote in message 
news:rbWdnY8e6_awpTPZnZ2dnUVZ_vadnZ2d at comcast.com...
>I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
> My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
> CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
> lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.
>
>> You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
>> if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
>> performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
>>
>> Jean-Paul
>
> 




From myersoft at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 22:23:25 2006
From: myersoft at gmail.com (myersoft at gmail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 19:23:25 -0700
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
Message-ID: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I need my udp server to send an ACK back to the client when it
successfully receives data from the client to let it know not to retry
the send (yes, I do know this is how TCP works but must be in UDP)
I am using this example code I found on the net for the server, I need
to figure out how to get the ip and port that the client transmitted
from and return an ack response. Any help would be greatly
appreciated..........

from socket import *

# Set the socket parameters
host = "localhost"
port = 21567
buf = 1024
addr = (host,port)

# Create socket and bind to address
UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
UDPSock.bind(addr)

# Receive messages
while 1:
	data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
	if not data:
		print "Client has exited!"
		break
	else:
		print "\nReceived message '", data,"'"

# Close socket
UDPSock.close()



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 02:14:15 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 08:14:15 +0200
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b5e4b8$0$6693$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Kirt wrote:
> i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
> one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
> #------------------test1.xml
> <Directory>
>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
> w&amp;y </dirname>
>   <file>
>   <name>def.txt</name>
>   <time>200607130417</time>
>   </file>
> </Directory>
>  <Directory>
>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
> wx</dirname>
>   <file>
>   <name>abc.txt</name>
>   <time>200607130415</time>
>   </file>
> </Directory
> 
> now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
> name.
> ###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
> from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
> class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
>                def __init__(self):
>   			self.dn = 0
>                 def startElement(self, name, attrs):
> 			if name=='dirname':
> 				self.dn=1
> 
> 		def characters(self,str):
> 			if self.dn:
>                                print str


The problem is here. "print" adds a newline. Don't use print, just append the
characters (to a string or list) until the endElement callback is called.


>                 def endElement(self, name):
> 			if name == 'dirname':
>                          	self.dn=0
> 
> 
> #---------------------------------------------------------------------
> #main code--- fname----art.py
> import sys
> from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
> from handlers import	oldHandler
> 
> ch = oldHandler()
> saxparser = make_parser()
> 
> saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
> saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
> #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
> 
> i am getting output as:
> 
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
> &
> y
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> 
> where as i need an output which should look like this.
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
> 
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> 
> Can someone tell me the solution for this.
> 


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 21:00:57 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 01:00:57 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
	<Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <d1Ctg.313440$8W1.311974@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> 
>>This is true, but note that postconditions also need to be efficient
>>if we are going to execute them.
> 
> If checked by execution, yes.  In which case, I am trying to get my head 
> around how it's any more true to say that functional languages are 
> compilable postconditions than to say the same of imperative languages.

A postcondition must, by definition [*], be a (pure) assertion about the
values that relevant variables will take after the execution of a subprogram.

If a subprogram is intended to have side effects, then its postcondition
can describe the results of the side effects, but must not reexecute them.


[*] E.g. see
    <http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~worboys/processes/hoare%20axiomatic.pdf>,
    although the term "postcondition" was introduced later than this paper.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid  Sun Jul  2 20:06:17 2006
From: reply.in.the.newsgroup at my.address.is.invalid (Rene Pijlman)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 02:06:17 +0200
Subject: classes and interfaces
References: <1151401318.703216.288850@x69g2000cwx.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <djnga2pdvhr88pnvmsd2ivrnfjal65ef1l@4ax.com>

s99999999s2003 at yahoo.com:
>In python , how to implement interface like the above? 

Interfaces are lacking in Python, but an even more generic proposal is on
its way:
http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=155123

In the mean time, interfaces have already been implemented in Zope 3:
http://www.zope.org/Products/ZopeInterface

-- 
Ren? Pijlman

"To find out what you can do with interfaces, see the interface interface,
IInterface in the IInterface module."
- Comment in Zope's Interface/__init__.py


From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:50:01 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:50:01 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153946346.499873.248500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153945116.341568.72210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153946346.499873.248500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153947001.158904.306980@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> def splitup(s):
>     return re.findall('''
>         \S*\( [^\)]* \)\S*  |
>         \S*\[ [^\]]* \]\S*  |
>         \S+
>         ''', s, re.VERBOSE)

Yours is the same as Tim's, it can't handle a word with two or more
brackets pairs, too.

I tried to change the "\S*\([^\)]*\)\S*" part to "(\S|\([^\)]*\))*",
but it turns out to a mess.



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 07:46:10 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:46:10 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153309570.280757.207080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


brianmce at gmail.com wrote:
> Sanjay wrote:
> > Hi All,
> >
> > Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.
> >
> > Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
> > business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
> > ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:
>
> I would do this by inheritance if really needed - what isn't working?
> That said, you can get this behaviour fairly easy with a metaclass:
>
> class PartialMeta(type):
>     registry = {}
>     def __new__(cls,name,bases,dct):
>         if name in PartialMeta.registry:
>             cls2=PartialMeta.registry[name]
>             for k,v in dct.items():
>                 setattr(cls2, k, v)
>         else:
>             cls2 = type.__new__(cls,name,bases,dct)
>             PartialMeta.registry[name] = cls2
>         return cls2
>
> class PartialClass(object):
>     __metaclass__=PartialMeta

This definition lacks a check for disjointness of the parts. No two
partial classes shall contain a method with the same name.



From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 20:50:00 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:50:00 -0700
Subject: inline metaclasses
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1hhwush.1wk1qh41dc9ewsN%aleax@mac.com>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <bj_666 at gmx.net> wrote:

> In <1151952177.002598.40850 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, gangesmaster
> wrote:
> 
> > just something i thought looked nice and wanted to share with the rest
> > of you:
> > 
> >>>> class x(object):
> > ...     def __metaclass__(name, bases, dict):
> > ...             print "hello"
> > ...             return type(name, bases, dict)
> > ...
> > hello
> >>>>
> > 
> > instead of defining a separate metaclass function/class, you can do
> > it inline. isn't that cool?
> 
> But why use a metaclass?  If the meta class is only applied to *one*
> class, can't you do at class level whatever the metaclass is doing!?

Most but not all of the "whatever".  E.g.:

class X:
    class __metaclass__(type):
        def __str__(cls): return 'The great class X!'

print X


You can't make "print X" behave arbitrarily w/o a custom metaclass.


Alex


From solisgb at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 03:28:42 2006
From: solisgb at gmail.com (luis)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 00:28:42 -0700
Subject: conecting with a MsAcces DB by dao
In-Reply-To: <1151675158.630796.151270@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151650208.783778.186690@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151655436.083906.143380@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151663549.731904.259030@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151665145.582514.262970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151671163.810358.215630@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151675158.630796.151270@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151911722.223316.111110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Iain King ha escrito:

> luis wrote:
> > Iain King ha escrito:
> >
> > > luis wrote:
> > > > Iain King ha escrito:
> > > >
> > > > > luis wrote:
> > > > > >       while not rs.EOF:
> > > > > >          id=rs.Fields(colName.Value) #colName, valid column name
> > > > > >          ...
> > > > > >       rs.MoveNext()
> > > > > >       rs.Close()
> > > > > >       conn.Close()
> > > > >
> > > > > I don't know if it's the problem your asking about, but your
> > > > > rs.MoveNext() should be inside the while loop, no?
> > > > Yes, is inside
> > > > >
> > >
> > > You mean, it is inside the while loop in your code, but you made a
> > > mistake copying it into your post?  In the code you posted it is not
> > > inside the while loop - it would have to be indented one more level for
> > > that.
> > >
> > > Iain
> >
> > this is te correct identation
> >
> > def append_from_Access(self):
> >    try:
> >       import ...
> >       conn = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Connection')
> >       DSN = "PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;DATA
> > SOURCE=C:/Afile.mdb;"
> >       conn.Open(DSN)
> >    except Exception, inst:
> >        ...
> >    try:
> >       sql_statement='SELECT * FROM  Mytable'
> >       rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
> >       rs.Open(sql_statement, conn, 1, 3)
> >       while not rs.EOF:
> >          id=rs.Fields(colName.Value) #colName, valid column name
> >          ...
> >          rs.MoveNext()
> >       rs.Close()
> >       conn.Close()
> >
> >      except Exception, inst:
> >          ...
> >
> > I think my problem must be with ado and dao.
> > Now I have run makepy utility and select Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects
> > 2.5 Library, perhaps I must also select Microsoft DAO3.5 Object Library
> > and write
> > win32com.client.Dispatch("DAO.DBEngine.35") for Access 97 or
> > win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Connection') for Acess 2000
> > Do you know is it possible ?
> > luis
>
> Well, without being able to test on your system I don't think I can
> give you any real advice.  This is the module I use to interface with
> Access:
>
> Access.py
> ---------------
> import win32com.client
> from win32com.client import constants
>
> def isWriteable(field):
> 	"""Is given Field writeable?"""
> 	return field.Attributes & 4
>
>
> class Access(object):
> 	def __init__(self, filename, password=""):
> 		self._filename = filename
> 		self._connection = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Connection')
> 		if password:
> 			self._DSN = 'PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;DATA SOURCE=%s;Jet
> OLEDB:Database Password=%s;' % (filename, password)
> 		else:
> 			self._DSN = 'PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;DATA SOURCE=%s;' %
> (filename)
>
> 	def Query(self, query):
> 		self._connection.Open(self._DSN)
> 		rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
> 		rs.Open(query, self._connection, 1, 3)
> 		fields = []
> 		for x in xrange(rs.Fields.Count):
> 			fields.append(rs.Fields(x).Name)
> 		if rs.EOF:
> 			data = []
> 		else:
> 			data = rs.GetRows()
> 		rs.Close()
> 		self._connection.Close()
> 		return fields, data
>
>
> 	def Add(self, table, records):
> 		"""Adds records to table."""
> 		self._connection.Open(self._DSN)
> 		rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
> 		rs.Open(table, self._connection, 1, 3)
> 		unwriteables = []
> 		for record in records:
> 			rs.AddNew()
> 			unwriteable = []
> 			for i in xrange(len(record)):
> 				if isWriteable(rs.Fields(i)):
> 					rs.Fields(i).Value = record[i]
> 				else:
> 					unwriteable.append(rs.Fields(i).Value)
> 			unwriteables.append(unwriteable)
> 		rs.Update()
> 		rs.Close()
> 		self._connection.Close()
> 		return unwriteables
>
>
> 	def Update(self, query, function):
> 		"""Updates all records found in query with function(record)"""
> 		self._connection.Open(self._DSN)
> 		rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
> 		rs.Open(query, self._connection, 1, 3)
> 		columns = rs.Fields.Count
> 		while not rs.EOF:
> 			record = []
> 			for i in xrange(columns):
> 				record.append(rs.Fields(i).Value)
> 			newRecord = function(record[:])
> 			for i in xrange(columns):
> 				if isWriteable(rs.Fields(i)):
> 					rs.Fields(i).Value = newRecord[i]
> 			rs.MoveNext()
> 		rs.Close()
> 		self._connection.Close()
>
>
> 	def Delete(self, query):
> 		"""Deletes all records found in query"""
> 		self._connection.Open(self._DSN)
> 		rs = win32com.client.Dispatch(r'ADODB.Recordset')
> 		rs.Open(query, self._connection, 1, 3)
> 		while not rs.EOF:
> 			rs.Delete()
> 			rs.MoveNext()
> 		rs.Close()
> 		self._connection.Close()
>
>
> We only have Access 2000+, so I don't know if it'll work with prior
> versions.
>
> Iain

Thanks, for your code

My problem was opening a query (not a table) on mdb file

1) If the query includes a where clause type
field1="edf" and field2=3
, for example, no problem, Access can retrieve a not empty recordset
and my python code too.

2) But if the Access's query includes a LIKE clause, for example
field1="e*"
, Access can retrieves a not empty recordset but my python code
retrieves a empty recordset.

If I write the WHERE clause inside my python code, the recorset returns
an non empty recordset. Perhaps the problem was the different use of *
and % in Access and SQL, I don't know.

Luis



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 10 05:03:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:03:10 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu>
Message-ID: <44b217d0$0$5377$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

guthrie wrote:
> Good point, thanks.
> 
> But if (as I proposed..!) the user interface is better if presented as a
> method. one could porovide convenience methods which would then
> interface to these underlying library functions; yes?
> 
Actually, and AFAIK, len(obj) = lambda obj : obj.__len__().

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From mrutherford at accentopto.com  Wed Jul 26 08:55:08 2006
From: mrutherford at accentopto.com (matthew)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 05:55:08 -0700
Subject: pyOpenGL tom demo segmentation fault
Message-ID: <1153918508.038805.284240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have Python 2-4-2,
Numpy 24.2, and  PyOpenGL-2.0.2.01 install, along with glut 3.7.

The 1st 'funny' thing is that I always seem to get two pythons in
/usr/local/bin, ie python and python2.4.  These are exactly the same
timestamp and size.

The other problem is that the demos in ../site-packages/OpenGL/Demo/tom
crash with a segmentation fault, although others (eg in ../NeHe) work
OK.

I would be most grateful for any help ...

Thanks

Matt



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 02:24:33 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 23:24:33 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9ieii$mn6$1@online.de>
References: <e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>
	<1153151694.674061.133510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9ieii$mn6$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153290273.890438.56440@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Chris Smith wrote:
> >> Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> >> I *think* I understand Marshall here.  When you are saying "assignment",
> >> you mean assignment to values of attributes within tuples of the cell.
> >> When Marshall is saying "assignment", he seems to mean assigning a
> >> completely new *table* value to a relation; i.e., wiping out the entire
> >> contents of the relation and replacing it with a whole new set of
> >> tuples.  Your assignment is indeed less powerful than DML, whereas
> >> Marshall's assignment is more powerful than DML.
> >
> > Exactly.
>
> Ah well. I never meant that kind of assignment.

Sorry for the confusion.


Marshall



From jo at durchholz.org  Sat Jul  1 03:46:50 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 09:46:50 +0200
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <44a26911$1$660$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
	<e7tj0t$n9i$2@online.de>
	<44a26911$1$660$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
Message-ID: <e8598q$et4$1@online.de>

Chris Uppal schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> 
>>> This is implementation-defined in C.  A compiler is allowed to accept
>>> variable names with alphabetic Unicode characters outside of ASCII.
>> Hmm... that could would be nonportable, so C support for Unicode is
>> half-baked at best.
> 
> Since the interpretation of characters which are yet to be added to
> Unicode is undefined (will they be digits, "letters", operators, symbol,
> punctuation.... ?), there doesn't seem to be any sane way that a language could
> allow an unrestricted choice of Unicode in identifiers.

I don't think this is a problem in practice. E.g. if a language uses the 
usual definition for identifiers (first letter, then letters/digits), 
you end up with a language that changes its definition on the whims of 
the Unicode consortium, but that's less of a problem than one might 
think at first.

I'd expect two kinds of changes in character categorization: additions 
and corrections. (Any other?)

Additions are relatively unproblematic. Existing code will remain valid 
and retain its semantics. The new characters will be available for new 
programs.
There's a slight technological complication: the compiler needs to be 
able to look up the newest definition. In other words, for a compiler to 
run, it needs to be able to access http://unicode.org, or the language 
infrastructure needs a way to carry around various revisions of the 
Unicode tables and select the newest one.

Corrections are technically more problematic, but then we can rely on 
the common sense of the programmers. If the Unicode consortium 
miscategorized a character as a letter, the programmers that use that 
character set will probably know it well enough to avoid its use. It 
will probably not even occur to them that that character could be a 
letter ;-)


Actually I'm not sure that Unicode is important for long-lived code. 
Code tends to not survive very long unless it's written in English, in 
which case anything outside of strings is in 7-bit ASCII. So the 
majority of code won't ever be affected by Unicode problems - Unicode is 
more a way of lowering entry barriers.

Regards,
Jo


From iamshakir at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 15:09:19 2006
From: iamshakir at gmail.com (shakir)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 12:09:19 -0700
Subject: Python help for Access database
Message-ID: <1154372959.458828.158450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

HI All,

I need help for inserting recods into the access database using python
script through ODBC. I can insert data without any problem if I hard
coded the run_Date field. But I need run_Date field should be mytime..
I am getting error Data type mismatch in criteria expression. in EXEC

I really appreciate if anyone can help me.

Thanks in advance

Shakir

# mdbupdate.py

import sys
import os
import os.path
import shutil
import time
import sys, string, os, win32com.client
import odbc


mytime = time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y')
mytimeYMD = time.strftime('%Y%m%d')
conn = odbc.odbc("test1_Data")
cursor = conn.cursor()



# data type in mdb is as follows: application -> Text, Run_Date ->
Date, Run_dateYMD -> #number, status -> Script



cursor.execute("INSERT INTO local_cmgenadm (Application,Run_Date,
Run_DateYMD,status) values (\'MyApp1\',\'%s\', \'20060731\' ,
\'Good\')")%mytime



cursor.close()
                           
conn.close()



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 06:34:47 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 03:34:47 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152182086.823499.272220@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:
> placid wrote:
>
> > gel wrote:
> > > gel wrote:
> > >
> > > > Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> > > > this to python?
> > > >
> > > > strComputer = "."
> > > > Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
> > > >     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> > > > "\root\cimv2")
> > > > Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
> > > >     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
> > > >         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> > > > i = 0
> > > >
> > > > Do While i = 0
> > > >     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
> > > >     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> > > > Loop
> > >
> > > A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
> > > from vbs wmi to python wmi?
> >
> > Dont know about converting vbs to python but using Tim Golden's wmi
> > module to trap the event of a new process starting is easy.
> >
> > wmi module can be found at http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html
> >
> > >>>  import wmi
> > >>>  c = wmi.WMI()
> > >>>  watcher = c.watch_for (
> > >>>       notification_type="Creation"
> > >>>       wmi_class="Win32_Process"
> > >>>       delay_secs=2,
> > >>>       Name='calc.exe'
> > >>>  )
> > >>>  calc_created = watcher ()
> > >>>  print calc_created
> >
> > and if you want to trap closing down of processes then change
> > notification_type to "Deletion"
> >
> >
> > -Cheers
>
> Great, thanks for that, where did you find details on using it.  I am
> already using it for another part, but could not find information on
> watching processes start and stop.

>>>  c=wmi.WMI()
>>>  help(c)

ive been using the wmi module for 1.5 months and i had some help from
the author of the module (Tim Golden).



From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul  6 12:36:20 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 09:36:20 -0700
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
Message-ID: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>

When I try TooFPy with the SOAP and XML-RPC sample client code
provided in TooFPy tutorials, a log entry shows up quickly on web server
log window, but it takes a long time (5 seconds or longer) for the client
to output a "Hello you." It seems like the web server is fast because the 
log
entry shows immieidately on web server console. But it takes Python XML/SOAP 
parser a long time to parse the extremely simple result. If so, wouldn't 
this
render Python SOAP and XMP-RPC implementation useless in real life? 




From meyer at acm.org  Thu Jul 27 17:17:41 2006
From: meyer at acm.org (Andre Meyer)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 23:17:41 +0200
Subject: class variables
Message-ID: <7008329d0607271417p3ee7d1e3sabbda1a52df0a511@mail.gmail.com>

Hi all

I am trying to understand the magic of Python's class variables and tried
the following code (see below).

Just out of curiosity, I tried to define a property that provides access to
a seemingly instancae variable which is in fact a class variable. All seems
to work fine (case 4), but when a custom object is assigned, an instance
variable is created instead of using theproerty (case 5).

What goes wrong here? What is the difference between cases 4 and 5? How can
case 5 be fixed?

thanks a lot for your help
Andre
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From pjb at informatimago.com  Mon Jul 10 04:45:00 2006
From: pjb at informatimago.com (Pascal Bourguignon)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:45:00 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <87ejwt4zn7.fsf@thalassa.informatimago.com>

Chris Smith <cdsmith at twu.net> writes:

> But the point here is that I don't WANT the compiler to be able to infer 
> that, because it's a transient consequence of this year's tax code.  I 
> want the compiler to make sure my code works no matter what the tax code 
> is.  The last thing I need to to go fixing a bunch of bugs during the 
> time between the release of next year's tax code and the released 
> deadline for my tax software.  At the same time, though, maybe I do want 
> the compiler to infer that tax cannot be negative (or maybe it can; I'm 
> not an accountant; I know my tax has never been negative), 

Yes, it can.  For example in Spain.  Theorically, in France IVA can
also come out negative, and you have the right to ask for
reimbursement, but I've never seen a check from French Tax
Administration...

> and that it 
> can't be a complex number (I'm pretty sure about that one).  

I wouldn't bet on it.

For example, French taxes consider "advantages in nature", so your
income has at least two dimensions, Euros and and "advantages in
nature".  Thanksfully, these advantages are converted into Euros, but
you could consider it a product by (complex 0 (- some-factor))...

> I call that 
> encapsulation, and I don't think that it's necessary for lack of 
> anything; but rather because that's how the problem breaks down.

-- 
__Pascal Bourguignon__                     http://www.informatimago.com/
You never feed me.
Perhaps I'll sleep on your face.
That will sure show you.


From ondekoza at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 06:05:58 2006
From: ondekoza at gmail.com (ondekoza)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 03:05:58 -0700
Subject: How to use ParseTuple with unknown number of args?
References: <1153214963.322746.28940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153217158.079548.164130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

With some more research on comp.lang.python I found that this topic has
been discussed earlier to some extend.

One recommendation was to use numpy. This would introduce an additional
dependency which I try to avoid.

The earlier posts generally highlight some specific feature of calling
with arrays. Can someone point me to a piece of software, where sth.
like this is actually used?

Stefan S. (Ondekoza)



From donald.welch at hp.com  Wed Jul  5 19:31:34 2006
From: donald.welch at hp.com (dwelch91)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:31:34 -0700
Subject: Tkinter and dialogs
Message-ID: <44ac4a4c$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>

I'm trying unsuccessfully to do something in Tk that I though would be 
easy. After Googling this all day, I think I need some help. I am 
admittedly very novice with Tk (I started with it yesterday), so I am 
sure I am overlooking something simple.

The basic idea is that my application will consist of a series of modal 
dialogs, that are chained together in "wizard" fashion. There will be 
some processing in between dialogs, but for the most part, the user will 
do some interaction with each dialog and then click "Next" or 
"Previous". My thinking was that the main (root) Tk window would be 
hidden and that each dialog would be modal and child to that hidden 
window. Is this a reasonable way to do this in Tkinter?

I grabbed the "Dialog" class from effbot's site figuring that was good 
starting point. I did modify it somewhat to convert to the grid layout 
manager, based on advice in the New Mexico Tech Tkinter Reference (by 
John Shipman).

When I run this (Ubuntu 6.06), I get no windows, not even the root Tk one.

Any ideas???

Thanks,

Don




#!/usr/bin/env python
from Tkinter import *

root = None

class Dialog(Toplevel):

     def __init__(self, parent, title = None):
         Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
         self.transient(parent)

         if title:
             self.title(title)

         print repr(parent)
         self.parent = parent
         self.result = None

         #body = Frame(self)
         #self.initial_focus = self.body(body)
         #body.pack(padx=5, pady=5)

         self.initial_focus = self.body(self)

         self.buttonbox()

         self.bind("<Return>", self.ok)
         self.bind("<Escape>", self.cancel)

         self.grab_set()

         if not self.initial_focus:
             self.initial_focus = self

         self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)

         self.geometry("+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+50,
                                   parent.winfo_rooty()+50))

         self.initial_focus.focus_set()

         self.wait_window(self)


     #
     # construction hooks

     def body(self, master):
         # create dialog body.  return widget that should have
         # initial focus.  this method should be overridden
         pass

     def buttonbox(self):
         # add standard button box. override if you don't want the
         # standard buttons

         box = Frame(self)

         w = Button(box, text="OK", width=10, command=self.ok, 
default=ACTIVE)
         w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
         w = Button(box, text="Cancel", width=10, command=self.cancel)
         w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)

         self.bind("<Return>", self.ok)
         self.bind("<Escape>", self.cancel)

         box.pack()

     #
     # standard button semantics

     def ok(self, event=None):
         if not self.validate():
             self.initial_focus.focus_set() # put focus back
             return

         self.withdraw()
         self.update_idletasks()
         self.apply()
         self.cancel()

     def cancel(self, event=None):
         # put focus back to the parent window
         self.parent.focus_set()
         self.destroy()

     #
     # command hooks

     def validate(self):
         print "validate"
         return True # override

     def apply(self):
         print "apply"
         pass # override


class WelcomeDialog(Dialog):
     def body(self, master):

         Label(master, text="First:").grid(row=0, sticky=W)
         Label(master, text="Second:").grid(row=1, sticky=W)

         self.e1 = Entry(master)
         self.e2 = Entry(master)

         self.e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
         self.e2.grid(row=1, column=1)

         self.cb = Checkbutton(master, text="Hardcopy")
         self.cb.grid(row=2, columnspan=2, sticky=W)

         self.w1 = Button(master, text="OK", width=10, command=self.ok, 
default=ACTIVE)
         #w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
         self.w1.grid(row=3, column=0)
         self.w2 = Button(master, text="Cancel", width=10, 
command=self.cancel)
         #w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
         self.w2.grid(row=3, column=1)


     def apply(self):
         print "apply"
         first = int(self.e1.get())
         second = int(self.e2.get())
         self.result = first, second

     def buttonbox(self):
         pass


def show_ui():
     welcome = WelcomeDialog(root, "test1")



global root
root = Tk()
root.after_idle(show_ui)
root.mainloop()


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:01:49 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:01:49 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
In-Reply-To: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153317709.538351.158550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

See also this recent discussion on techniques for making sure you get
the file closed, even if there is an exception.

http://tinyurl.com/fryrv

rd



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 16:05:38 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:05:38 GMT
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154375875.481871.158580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154375454.146545.219820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154375875.481871.158580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <motzg.2610$No6.51114@news.tufts.edu>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> tac-tics:
>> If you declare bits in set_bit() as "global bits = ...", it will create
>> it as a global variable without you having to declare it outside of the
>> function. Just be careful about name conflicts.
> 
> Are you sure?
> 
> def fun():
>     global x = 10
> fun()
> print x
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile
> 

This works for me:

 >>> def fun():
	global x
	x = 10

	
 >>> fun()
 >>> print x
10
 >>>

But of course:

 >>> def fun():
	global x = 10
	
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
 >>>


From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:08:50 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:08:50 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

well thanks for the quick replies, but now my regex doesn't work.

[code]
import re
p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?"<>\|])*')

x = p.match("c:\test")
[/code]

x is None

any ideas why?  i escape the back-slash, the asterisk *, and the PIPE |
....b/c they are regex special characters.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 14 03:56:03 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 08:56:03 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
	<1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97imh$rnd$1@sea.gmane.org>

mystilleef wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
>>In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
>>wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Maric Michaud wrote:
>>>
>>>>But that's not python philosophy.
>>>
>>>Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.
>>
>>But the python community has one.  Pythonistas prefer readable source code
>>so they tend to think about good names.  As The Zen of Python says
>>"Readability counts."
> 
> I'm glad I'm in tune with the "python community."
> 
>>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
>>>
>>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
>>>does that solve my naming issues.
>>
>>Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
>>the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
>>references "nearby" in the same module or class.
> 
> Right, but tmp isn't private.
> 
>>>>And in python the reverse can be true :
>>>
>>>The reverse is hardly ever true. 90% of public APIs in almost all
>>>languages are methods or functions.
>>
>>Except the ones with properties where ordinary "attributes" may be just
>>calls in disguise.
> 
> 
> Crap! Even in Python too most Public APIs are methods and functions.
> 
> 
>>Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
>>won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
>>the access might become a bit more complex in the future.
>>
> 
> 
> Ha! I bet you haven't read too many Python codes.
> 
> 
One thing I can more or less guarantee is that if you'd invested the 
time you've spent on this thread in actually performing whatever trivial 
but tedious engineering work was required to achieve the renaming of 
that attribute the job would have been completed long ago.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 11:03:16 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:03:16 +0200
Subject: regex module, or don't work as expected
References: <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.15.03.15.242606@gmx.net>

In <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f at read.cnntp.org>, Fabian Holler wrote:

> Howdy,
> 
> 
> i have the following regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]+(?=(iface)|$)"
> 
> If "iface" don't follow after the regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]" the rest of
> the text should be selected.
> But ?=(iface) is ignored, it is always the whole texte selected.
> What is wrong?

The ``+`` after the character class means at least one of the characters
in the class or more.  If you have a text like:

  iface lox iface

Then the it matches the space and the word ``iface`` because the space
(``\s``) and word characters (``\w``) are part of the character class and
``+`` is "greedy".  It consumes as many characters as possible and the
rest of the regex is only evaluated when there are no matches anymore.

If you want to match non-greedy then put a ``?`` after the ``+``::

  iface lo[\w\t\n\s]+?(?=(iface)|$)

Now only "iface lox " is matched in the example above.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From ujelin at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 11:14:35 2006
From: ujelin at yahoo.com (Julien Ricard)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 08:14:35 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: list of indices
Message-ID: <20060724151435.31874.qmail@web60322.mail.yahoo.com>

hi,

is there any method to get only some elements of a list from a list of indices. Something like:

indices=[0,3,6]
new_list=list[indices]

which would create a new list containing 0th, 3rd and 6th elements from the original list? I do this with a loop but I'd like to know if there is a simpler way.

thanks in advance

Jul

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From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 18:06:00 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:06:00 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154124360.562091.51580@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

you might want to look at sshd. if you're on a windows box, you may
need cygwin. if you're on linux, you either already have it, or it's in
your package manager.

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> My server.py looks like this
>
> ---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> import socket
> import sys
> import os
>
> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> host = ''
> port = 2000
>
> s.bind((host,port))
> s.listen(1)
> conn, addr = s.accept()
> print 'client is at', addr
>
> while True:
> 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> 		print 'MaxiSim'
> 		os.system('notepad')
> 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> 		print 'Driving Sim'
> 		os.system('explorer')
> 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> 		print 'Shutting down...'
> 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> 		conn.close()
> 		break
> -------------------------------------------CODE
> END-------------------------------------
>
> I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> down.
>
> When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
> Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
> command.
> 
> Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.



From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 06:50:36 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:50:36 -0700
Subject: help in xml and python
Message-ID: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

i have a List

modifiedfiles= [['/home/moq/buc/2/mod2.py', '200607131001'],
['/home/moq/buc/1/mod2.py', '200607131000'],
['/home/moq/buc/1/mod3.py', '200607131001'],
['/home/moq/buc/1+mod1.py', '200607131001']]

i have to put them in am xml format like the follg.

<modified>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/2</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>mod2.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/1</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>mod1.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
    <file>
     <name>mod2.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
    <file>
     <name>mod3.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
  </modified>


can someone please with the code for this.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 14:18:12 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:18:12 -0700
Subject: help: output arrays into file as column
In-Reply-To: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154024292.159495.201230@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

bei wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I am trying to write several arrays into one file, with one arrays in
> one column. Each array (column) is seperated by space.
> ie. a=[1,2,3, 4] b=[5,6,7,8] c=[9,10,11,12]
> 1  5  9
> 2  6  10
> 3  7  11
> 4  8  12
>
> Now I use the function file.writelines(a), file.writelines(b),
> file.writelines(c). And the output is a sequence of strings without
> newlines between a, b ,c . Also each array stays in row other than
> column.
>
> I am a new comer to python.Any idea about this is appreciated!
>
> Bei

Hi Bei,

file.writelines() works with lists of strings, not lists of numbers, so
I'm going to assume that a, b, and c are already lists of strings..

You can use the zip() function to change the lists in the way you want
to:

|>> a=['1','2','3','4']; b=['5','6','7','8']; c=['9','10','11','12']
|>> zip(a, b, c)
[('1', '5', '9'), ('2', '6', '10'), ('3', '7', '11'), ('4', '8', '12')]

now that you have the data for each line, you can combine them with the
string join() method:

|>> data = zip(a, b, c)
|>> for datum in data:
...     print ' '.join(datum)
...
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12

You can print to an open file object, so the above loop will do what
you need:

|>> f = open('output.txt', 'w')
|>> for datum in data:
...     print >> f, ' '.join(datum)
...
|>> f.close()
|>> print open('output.txt').read()
1 5 9
2 6 10
3 7 11
4 8 12


I hope that helps!

Peace,
~Simon



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 16:02:17 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:02:17 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
References: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <1154376137.20290.32.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 15:21 -0400, Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
 

Many people suggest that using a class for this is the Python idiom (and
perhaps it is), but I prefer to use a decorator for adding attributes to
functions in this case:

def attrs ( **kwds ):
    ''' taken from PEP 318 '''
    def decorate ( f ):
        for k in kwds:
            setattr ( f, k, kwds [ k ] )
        return f
    return decorate

@attrs ( bits = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] )
def set_bit ( idx, val ):
    set_bit.bits [ idx ] = int ( bool ( val ) )
    print "Bit Array:"
    for i in set_bit.bits:
        print i,
    print 


>>> set_bit ( 4, 1 )
Bit Array:
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
>>> set_bit ( 5, 1 )
Bit Array:
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


Regards,
Cliff



From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Thu Jul 13 10:34:58 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:34:58 +0200
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <e95lmg$sfa$1@news.sap-ag.de>

John Salerno wrote:
> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as 
> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation 
> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable 
> file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as 
> how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to 
> do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from 
> your memory stick?

Python looks for the libraries relative to python.exe. So you can copy 
the Python installation directory to your memory stick (make sure that 
python24.dll is included, this is copied to %windir%\system32 if you 
have done  the admin installation) and it should just work. You can test 
that by renaming in your registry 
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\2.4 (or whatever version 
you're using)

Daniel


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 15:35:14 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 21:35:14 +0200
Subject: Math package
References: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.19.35.13.929645@gmx.net>

In <1154199358.875446.62310 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, diffuser78
wrote:

> I want to write a program which would have a 2 dimensional array of 1
> billion by 1 billion. This is for computational purposes and evaluating
> a mathematical concept similar to Erdos number.

Lets say you just want a byte at each cell in that array:

You have: (1 billion)^2 bytes
You want: terabyte
        * 1000000
        / 1e-06

Hope you have enough memory.  ;-)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:48:24 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:48:24 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153596630.775936.224130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c09536$0$14330$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153596630.775936.224130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c27f5d$0$19026$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>danielx wrote:
>>>>
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>>Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
>>>>>learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
>>>>>virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
>>>>>(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
>>>>>interactive Python.
>>>>
>>>>...and source code...
>>>
>>>
>>>*shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
>>
>>Compared to machine language, Python source code is really abstration.
>>
> And machine language is an abstraction of pushing electrons around
> circuits. I'm not sure I see your point, unless it is simply that
> Python is easier than asm.

Python is very hi-level, and very often well-written Python code is it's 
own better documentation.


From jemejones at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:26:19 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:26:19 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152717979.935909.260860@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:

<snip>

> Doh! How simple. Why didn't I think of that? I'm too used to procedural
> scripts where you'd just put everything in a global data structure. I
> know this is bad, but it's hard to get out of that mentality.

Sounds like you got it.  Just pass it on down as needed.

- jmj



From john at castleamber.com  Sat Jul  1 21:18:07 2006
From: john at castleamber.com (John Bokma)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 01:18:07 GMT
Subject: python guru in the Bay Area
References: <mailman.7698.1151799686.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns97F3CE840D0E6castleamber@130.133.1.4>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> ps. yeah.. i know i could eventually figure most of this by
> searching/experimenting/etc... using google.. but i'd rather move as
> fast as possible.

Then I recommend a book instead of trial and error programming. Dive into 
Python can be downloaded for free, and will get you programming and 
knowing what you are doing in a short time if you have programming skills 
and quite some background.

-- 
John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
                           personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
        Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
            Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Sat Jul 15 05:14:02 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 11:14:02 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<mailman.8188.1152918056.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <m264hzw7qd.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> (GF) wrote:

>GF> On 2006-07-14 16:07:28, Piet van Oostrum wrote:
>AP> 2a) In case you answer yes to question (1). Can you explain me how
>AP> I have to read the language reference in order to deduce this
>AP> is indeed the way things should be understood.
>>> 
>>> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
>>> say. Your problem is that you thought __setitem__ is part of evaluation,
>>> but it isn't. It is part of assignment, while __getitem__ is part of
>>> evaluation. See the definitions of __getitem__ and __setitem__ in the
>>> language reference manual.

>GF> Sorry to butt in here... I really don't know much more about this than I
>GF> read in this thread :) 

>GF> But wasn't stated earlier that one of the differences between a += b and a
>GF> = a + b is that a gets evaluated once in the first case and twice in the
>GF> second case? If __getitem__ was part of the evaluation (as you seem to
>GF> say), shouldn't it be called twice in the second case? It doesn't seem to
>GF> get called twice; see this snippet from an earlier message:

>>>>> t['a'] = t['a'] + 1
>GF> __getitem__, key = a
>GF> __setitem__, key = a
>>>>> t['a'] += 1
>GF> __getitem__, key = a
>GF> __setitem__, key = a


>GF> Seems like the __get/setitem__ thing has not much to do with what the
>GF> manual calls evaluation, but rather with what the name implies: setting and
>GF> getting the value of the item. And therefore, since in both the a += b case
>GF> and the a = a + b case the value of a is gotten once and set once,
>GF> __getitem__ gets called once and __setitem__ gets called once. No?

Yes, in both cases you get the value once, and you set the value once.

In an assignment, the lefthand side is evaluated differently from the
righthand side, of course. Because in the righthand side you need the value
of the object, but in the lefthand side you need only the 'location' (this
is not a Python term).
Therefore in the righthand side __getitem__ is part of the evaluation.
In the lefthand side when it is a[i], only a and i are evaluated, but then
the evaluation stops. Next the assignment is done with __setitem__.

Now if it is an augmented assignment like a[i]+=b, It is only evaluated
once. But we need it both as a lefthand side and a righthand side. So this
means that a and i are evaluated (but only once!). For the lefthand side
this completes the evaluation. And then the results of these are used as
parameters to __getitem__ to complete the evaluation of the righthand side.
Assuming b had already been evaluated, next the assignment is performed
by calling __setitem__.

Your example above doesn't show any difference because t['a'] doesn't have
any side effects. But if you use for both t and the index a function that
prints something you will see the difference.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:58:23 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (simon.hibbs at gmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:58:23 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Do you mean the code effectively doing these operations is in the gui ?
> If yes, it would be better to factor it out IMHO.

The GUI has to be able to acces the data object, otherwise how does the
user affect any changes to the application data? If I modify a value in
a text box and hit Apply, that change must be propagated to the data
model somehow. Similarly, the GUI must access the data to display it.

Actualy this has nothing to do with code modules. The problem is is you
have one object that contains your data, and your app consists of
several objects that need to interact with it, how do these other
objects access it? I'm fairly new to OOP and Python so I don't know
it's scoping rules very well.

Simple example:

One way would be to use the database as the point of contact for all
the object. Every object that wants to read or write to the database
instantiates an object to interact with the database and performs
whatever actions it needs. That way each top-level objecyt will contain
it's own instanced database IO object. Their only point of contact with
each other is the database itself. This could lead to synchronisation
problems though.

Another way would be to create one instance of the database IO object
and then pass it as a parameter to the other application objects when
they are created. The point of contact between the application objects
would be the single database IO object, with the  database behind it.
This seems to me to be the superior approach.

Are there any other architectural options that anyone could suggest?

Simon Hibbs



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 10:11:35 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:11:35 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> danielx wrote:
>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> 
> (snip)
>>>
>>>>Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>>>>term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
>>>>now that I know the term)
>>>
>>>a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
>>>a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
>>>which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
>>>(like a pointer to an object's address).
>> 
>> 
>> Wait, I'm not sure I see the difference. Isn't "reference" ~ "C
>> pointer". 
>
> For a very large definition of '~' !-)
>
>> Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to
>> "actual" Python objects? 
>
> Exactly.
>
>> That idea has been working well for me so far.
>
> It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
> *no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').

That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages to use
the term.

> What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
> names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
> values.

That is just an implementation issue. Nothing prevents variables to
be associated with an index in a list.

> So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
> than a name.

In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
will hold something.

> And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
> bound to.

In a language like C, the value '3' doesn't know which variables
will hold it either.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 10 13:01:07 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:01:07 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <nJvsg.22632$Z67.16855@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> If you wish to say "typestate" to mean this, be my guest.  It is also 
> correct to say "type".

Sure. I just wasn't sure everyone here was aware of the term, is all. It 
makes it easier to google if you have a more specific term.

> I'm not aware of a widely used language that implements stuff like this.  

I've only used Hermes with extensive support for this sort of thing. 
Hermes is process-oriented, rather than object-oriented, so it's a 
little easier to deal with the "encapsulation" part of the equation 
there. Sadly, Hermes went the way of the dodo.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From gregpinero at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 17:25:50 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 17:25:50 -0400
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607051425i2d3e33d0lab9f9f28ab8e94c2@mail.gmail.com>

Hi Guys,

I'm sure this is documented somewhere, I just can't locate it.  Say I
have this code:

try:
	myfile=file('greg.txt','r')
except IOError, error:
        #now psuedo code because this is what I'm trying to figure out
        if error.errno=='file doesn't exist':
                     do something
        elif error.errno=='no permissions':
                     do something else
... and so on

So basically I'm looking for the document that tells me what possible
errors I can catch and their numbers.

I did find this but it doesn't have numbers and I can't tell if it's
even what I'm looking for:
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-errno.html

Much thanks!

-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From kdotsky at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:56:56 2006
From: kdotsky at gmail.com (kdotsky at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:56:56 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
Message-ID: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,
I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
(urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table.  If I
do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
technique work for a set?

Any other thoughts or considerations are appreciated.

Thank You.



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Thu Jul 27 04:20:01 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:20:01 GMT
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8589.1153947813.27775.python-list@python.org><1153948522.743504.140640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8598.1153966351.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <RG_xg.18304$Cn6.14052@tornado.texas.rr.com>


"Tim Chase" <python.list at tim.thechases.com> wrote in message
news:mailman.8598.1153966351.27775.python-list at python.org...
> >> >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\S)+')
> >> >>> r.findall(s)
> >>['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']
> >
> > Ah, it's exactly what I want!  I thought the left and right
> > sides of "|" are equal, but it is not true.
>
> In theory, they *should* be equal. I was baffled by the nonparity
> of the situation.  You *should" be able to swap the two sides of
> the "|" and have it treated the same.  Yet, when I tried it with
> the above regexp, putting the \S first, it seemed to choke and
> give different results.  I'd love to know why.
>
Does the re do left-to-right matching?  If so, then the \S will eat the
opening parens/brackets, and never get into the other alternative patterns.
\S is the most "matchable" pattern, so if it comes ahead of the other
alternatives, then it will always be the one matched.  My guess is that if
you put \S first, you will only get the contiguous character groups,
regardless of ()'s and []'s.  The expression might as well just be \S+.

Or I could be completely wrong...

-- Paul




From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 03:05:18 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:05:18 -0700
Subject: write()
In-Reply-To: <1153982943.733719.88360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153982561.666387.196690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153982943.733719.88360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153983918.386209.147210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


manuhack wrote:
> How about write mode?  Changing r to w doesn't work...
>
> miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> > manuhack wrote:
> > > I copied the lines
> > >
> > > f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> > > print f
> > > f.close()
> > >
> > > from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> > > directory" '/tmp/workfile'
> > >
> > > Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> > > Thanks.  Without / I can open it.
> >
> >
> > f=open(r'c:\blah\blah').read()

what is it that you want to do??

in XP if i have or want to create a file in c:\ called test.txt i would
do this:

f = open(r'c:\test.txt', 'w')
f.write("rock the house party")
f.close()



From ssimpson at interchangeusa.com  Wed Jul 19 13:15:12 2006
From: ssimpson at interchangeusa.com (Scott Simpson)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 10:15:12 -0700
Subject: Reading long lines doesn't work in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153327020.356864.295350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <42tvg.6903$5K2.3070@fed1read03>
	<1153327020.356864.295350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <AMtvg.6905$5K2.3724@fed1read03>

Sorry, found the bug somewhere else. You're right. Python is working OK.



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Wed Jul 26 12:09:36 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:09:36 +0200
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
References: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<op.tdaovsl6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>
Message-ID: <005a01c6b0ce$62655f00$03000080@hendrik>


"Eric Brunel" <eric_brunel at despammed.com> wrote:

|On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:46:39 +0200, H J van Rooyen <mail at microcorp.co.za>
|wrote:
|
|> Hi,
|>
|> I am struggling to get the pack method to do what I intend.
|> I am trying to display user input in a seperate window, along with
|> a little description of the field, something like this:
|>
|>              Current entry
|> Company :               entered co. name
|> First entry :               entered stuff
|> The second entry:     more entered stuff
|> Entry number three :  Last entered stuff
|
|You won't be able to do that kind of layout with pack. This is - quite
|obviously IMHO - a job for grid, since your widgets are arranged in a grid.
|
|According to my experience, pack should only be used for *very* simple
|layouts, such as all widgets in a single row or in a single column. Trying
|to do anything else will very soon end up being a nightmare, with unneeded
|frames everywhere. Learn to use grid and life will be far easier for you.

I can kind of agree with this - If I learnt one thing it was that I can get them
in a column, or a row, or what looks like a weird kind of horizontal hierarchy,
but not what I was looking for...

|
|[snip]
|
|A few comments on your code:
|
|> #!/usr/bin/python
|> #   The original of this module is supposed to do an accounting entry -
|>
|> #   we get the gui stuff
|>
|> from Tkinter import *
|>
|> class Entryscreen(Frame):
|
|Why do you inherit from Frame? Apparently, you're trying to do a window. A
|Frame is not a window; it's a general-purpose container for widgets. If
|you want to do a window, inherit from Tk (for a main window) or from
|Toplevel (for any other).

No particular reason other than ignorance - the original example I was following
did something like this, and
as it actually produced something that looked to me like it was working I did
not mess with it :-)

What is the best place to get info on all these wonderful things - I have been
trying to come right by reading the module help - but its kind of cryptic... -
like most things its cool as a reminder if you already know what it does...

|
|>     """This screen is used to construct a new Entry."""
|>
|> #   we define the variables we use
|>
|>     des_string = ''     # Description of what we want to do
|>     req_string = ''     # Prompt string
|>     dis_string = ''     # Description of field for display
|>
|>     Company =  "New Entry Screen"   # we dont have a company yet
|>     Entry_1 = ''                    # or any entries
|>     Entry_2 = ''
|>     Entry_3 = ''
|>
|>     def start_new(self):
|>         """This is the routine that assembles a new record"""
|>
|>         if self.Company == "New Entry Screen":  # if its the first time,
|>
|> #   we make a new window
|>
|>             show = Tk()
|
|No, we don't. We actually create a whole new tcl/tk interpreter
|environment, completely independent from the one we already have, which
|happens to create a new main window. Doing so is bound to cause problems
|later. If you want to create a new window, instantiate Toplevel.
|

Ok I will try it, thanks.


|>             show.title('Accounting entry display window')
|>
|> #   we get an instance to display results in
|>
|>             self.disp = Showscreen("Current entry",master=show)
|>
|> #   then we ask for the company:
|>
|>             des_string = "Getting the Company "
|>             req_string = "Enter the Company for this session"
|>             dis_string = 'Company:'
|>             error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,
|> self.disp)
|>             self.Company = self.Amount
|>
|> #   Then or else we ask for entry details
|>
|>         des_string = "Getting first entry"
|>         req_string = "Enter first field"
|>         dis_string = "First entry:"
|>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,
|> self.disp)
|>
|>         des_string = "Getting second entry"
|>         req_string = "Enter second field"
|>         dis_string = "The second entry:"
|>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,
|> self.disp)
|>
|>         des_string = "Getting third entry"
|>         req_string = "Enter third field"
|>         dis_string = "Entry number three:"
|>         error = self.GetEntry(des_string, req_string, dis_string,
|> self.disp)
|
|This is not important, but why do you always create variables for your
|strings instead of passing them directly? For example, the previous 4
|lines can be written:

The original code actually used the variables as globals ... *ducks*

|
|error = self.GetEntry("Getting third entry", "Enter third field", "Entry
|number three:", self.disp)
|
|This would shorten your code a lot. And why do you always pass self.disp
|as the last argument? This is an attribute, so using it directly inside
|the GetEntry method is not a problem.

The thing was giving me all sorts of errors when I changed disp from being a
global - It prolly has to do with the bad move of having a second instance of
k  - I messed around and stopped when I got no more errors - could this be what
is really meant by Heuristic Programming?

|
|>     def GetEntry(self, des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp):
|>         """Entry routine for one field"""
|>
|>         line = Entryline(des_string, req_string, dis_string, disp,
|> master=root)
|>         error = line.mainloop()
|
|*Never* call mainloop twice in an application! This is not the way to go.
|If you want to do a modal dialog, you have to use the wait_window method,
|which waits for a given window to be closed.

What is a modal dialog, daddy? (I am not being facetious, I really wanna know)

- I am actually not closing the window - the frame with the two labels and the
entry line disappears when you hit enter, and then gets manufactured again for
the next entry - in the real app there is also a choice widget with scroll bars
that is populated from a file and that also disappears when you make a choice by
double mouse click - that is how coded things like company, document type, and
account codes would be entered in practice - the entry thingy was the simplest
thing to include to show what I was complaining about.

Will the wait_window method work for the Frame, or must it be a window? Or is
there a wait_frame method?

I am not sure I understand the mainloop bit - is this mainloop the same mainloop
as the other mainloop?
What does this mainloop actually do? - I need to pass control to the thingy that
gets the entry somehow, and wait for it to complete, and get the value that was
entered and displayed to use in the real app... - or will this happen
*automagically* because of the binding of the enter key to the entryend
method? - and I need the data before the entry thingy is destroyed so I cant let
it commit seppoku (Hara Kiri for the uninitiated) - or must I do that and then I
would have to go fetch the data out of the other window where its displayed? (if
its still there and not a reference to a destroyed thing - I find assignment in
Python a bit confusing at times...)
I was under the impression that this mainloop is tied to line and not to the
*main* instance...
I did not (and cannot) call mainloop for the second Tk instance - if I do then
app blocks until the second window is closed, and then the whole thing is
broken...

Another small issue - the binding to entryend - on Linux, I see that it binds
only the main keyboard enter key, and not the numeric pad enter key - (I did not
test this on Windows) How does one get both?

|>         self.Amount = line.retstring
|>         line.destroy()
|>
|>     def say_bye(self):
|>         print 'Have a nice day, Bye!'
|>         self.quit()
|>
|>     def createWidgets(self):
|>
|>         self.descr = Label(self)
|>         self.descr["text"] = self.Company
|>         self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
|>         self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
|>         self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})
|
|This can be written:
|
|self.descr.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
|
|which is shorter and IMHO clearer. TOP and BOTH are constants defined in
|the Tkinter module, and passing named arguments is exactly the same as
|passing a dictionary.

Thanks - did not know this and I like it - its also less to type and that is
important cos I am lazy...

|
|>         Start = Button(self)
|>         Start["text"] = "Start a new entry"
|>         Start["fg"]   = "blue"
|>         Start['bg']   = 'green'
|>         Start["command"] =  self.start_new
|
|Again, replace the 5 last lines with:
|
|Start = Button(self, text="Start a new entry", fg='blue', bg='green',
|command=self.start_new)

*nods*

|
|>         Start.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left",
|> 'after':
|> self.descr})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>         QUIT = Button(self)
|>         QUIT["text"] = "QUIT"
|>         QUIT["fg"]   = "black"
|>         QUIT['bg']   = 'red'
|>         QUIT["command"] =  self.say_bye
|>         QUIT.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "left",
|> 'after':
|> Start})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>     def __init__(self, master=None):
|>         Frame.__init__(self, master)
|>         self.pack()
|>         self.createWidgets()
|>
|> class Showscreen(Frame):
|>     """This is supposed to show the entries as they occur."""
|>
|>     def CreateWidgets(self, Description):
|>
|>         self.descr = Label(self)
|>         self.descr["text"] = Description
|>         self.descr["fg"] = 'purple'
|>         self.descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
|>         self.descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side": "top",
|> "anchor":
|> "n"})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>     def __init__(self, Description, master=None):
|>         Frame.__init__(self,master)
|>         self.pack()
|>         self.CreateWidgets(Description)
|>
|> class Entryline(Frame):
|>     """This asks for an entry from the user and displays the result"""
|>
|>     retstring = ''
|>
|>     def entryend(self,S):
|>         """This gets done on carriage return and is where the hassles
|> originate"""
|>
|>         self.retstring = self.estring.get() # get the entered string
|
|You're using retstring both as a class attribute (in "retstring = ''"
|above) and here as an instance attribute. This is not really wrong, but a
|bit weird. If you want retstring to be a class attribute, you should
|access it using Entryline.retstring (and not self.retstring); If you want
|it to be an instance attribute, you should remove the line "retstring =
|''" above and add a line:
|
|self.retstring = ''
|
|in the constructor below.

Ok - I think it might have to be an instance thinghy really - cos it is
effectively the *return value* of what was typed - and it happens more than
once - OTOH - if I read it out of the class variable at the right time, it might
also work - there *should* only be one of these alive at any one time - or am I
talking BS?

|
|>
|>         self.disp.Amount_des = Label(self.disp)       # and put it into
|> the
|> display window
|>         self.disp.Amount_des["text"] = self.dis_string
|>         self.disp.Amount_des["fg"] = 'purple'
|>         self.disp.Amount_des['bg'] = 'yellow'
|>         self.disp.Amount_des.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "side":
|> "left"})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>         self.disp.Amount = Label(self.disp)
|>         self.disp.Amount["text"] = self.retstring
|>         self.disp.Amount["fg"] = 'blue'
|>         self.disp.Amount['bg'] = 'green'
|>         self.disp.Amount.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'x', "after":
|> self.disp.Amount_des})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>         self.quit()                         # That's it, folks
|>
|>     def createWidgets(self, des_string, req_string):
|>         """makes the stuff to ask the question"""
|>
|>         descr = Label(self)
|>         descr["text"] = des_string
|>         descr["fg"] = 'purple'
|>         descr['bg'] = 'yellow'
|>         descr.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side": "top"})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>         req = Label(self)
|>         req ["text"] = req_string
|>         req ["fg"] = 'yellow'
|>         req ['bg'] = 'blue'
|>         req.pack({'expand': 'yes', 'fill': 'both', "side" :"top",'after':
|> descr})
|
|(see above)

*nods*

|
|>         self.estring = Entry(self)
|>         self.estring['fg'] = 'black'
|>         self.estring['bg'] = 'white'
|>         self.estring.pack({'expand':'yes','fill': 'both', 'side': 'top',
|> 'after': req})
|>         self.estring.bind('<Key-Return>', self.entryend)
|>         self.estring.focus_set()
|>
|>     def __init__(self, des_stringP, req_stringP, dis_stringP, dispP,
|> master):
|>
|>         self.disp = dispP       # keep the passed params in instance vars
|>         self.des_string = des_stringP
|>         self.req_string = req_stringP
|>         self.dis_string = dis_stringP
|
|AFAICS, these attributes are never used. Why did you create them?

a) they used to be globals *ducks again*
b) when I was changing them from being globals I was getting errors and after I
did this the errors went away... - I just changed the names to make them formal
parameters by appending a "P"...
c) the value of self.dis_string is used above to populate the instance of
disp.Amount_des["text"] in entryend - it is needed there - the other two are
used below in the createWidgets call - but you are right - below here I could
have used them just as they were passed, like I do with master in the __init__
call

|
|>         Frame.__init__(self, master)
|>         self.pack()
|>         self.createWidgets(self.des_string, self.req_string)
|>
|> root = Tk()
|> root.title('Accounting Entry Window')
|> app = Entryscreen(master=root)
|> app.mainloop()
|> root.destroy()
|
|HTH

Yes it does - thanks for the effort

In a sense, the answer of "you cant do this with pack, use grid" is the wrong
answer, as I have spent far too much time on this - but hey, that's how you
learn...

Did you actually try to run this thing to see what it did? - from my perspective
it seems to do everything I want except that it messes up the display of the
data in the second window...

|--
|python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in
|'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"





From lgoh at optonline.net  Wed Jul 19 18:34:39 2006
From: lgoh at optonline.net (leo)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:34:39 -0400
Subject: python compile code object -- reverse how to
Message-ID: <ntyvg.464$8F.378@fe09.lga>

Hi,
following is the python scripts:
import marshal
script = """
print 'hello'
"""
code = compile(script, "<script>", "exec")
data = marshal.dumps(code)
print repr(data)
the result:'c\000\000\000\000\001\000\000\000s\017\000\000\00
0\177\000\000\177\002\000d\000\000GHd\001\000S(\00
2\000\000\000s\005\000\000\000helloN(\000\000\000\
000(\000\000\000\000s\010\000\000\000<script>s\001
\000\000\000?\002\000s\000\000\000\000'how to convert the result code to 
orig script """print 'hello'"""thanks




From ejensen at visi.com  Fri Jul 21 10:57:29 2006
From: ejensen at visi.com (Ed Jensen)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:57:29 -0000
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
	<4i7nsbF2j0ofU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bvn5qaiefrt99@corp.supernews.com>
	<4ibg9mF30dt0U1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <12c1qqpasv5ms61@corp.supernews.com>

Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
> Which puts us to the next question: the sealing itself doesn't do 
> anything to restrict the code, the SecurityManager does. Which AFAIK is 
> something hooked into the VM. Now, I'm not on sure grounds here on how 
> to altere its behaviour, but I'd say if we're talking me working on a 
> secure application that introduces its own SecurityManager, I'm still 
> the one in control. I could use your lib, turn off privacy, and fiddle 
> around.
> 
> If things were the other way round, and I'd have to work in a restricted 
> context, it actually might be that someone restricted private access 
> (because he owns the VM!). But then - he'd also be able to forbid 
> threading or file access or all kinds of things that I'd otherwise be 
> used to work with which will suddenly make my code burst in flames.
> 
> And if we are honest: the most problematic cases of abused code aren't 
> the ones of strangers exploiting your code, but instead your fellow 
> coders at the other department. Which most probably means that they 
> aren't restrained by security management anyway.
> 
> To summarize: it might be possible to jump through a few hoops to 
> increase the security. But in 99.9% of cases this doesn't happen, as it 
> would increase complexity by orders of magnitude - for a comparatively 
> small gain (talking about private declarations. The sandbox-restrictions 
> of Java for running applets certainly are worth it).

Interesting stuff!  And thanks for the link from your earlier post.

Where I work, this little discovery will actually help us stop jumping
through some hoops we've been jumping through to unit test private
methods.

It also gives us more to think about since we had been assuming
private could not be circumvented.

Thanks Diez.  :)


From nakshantala at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 23:14:14 2006
From: nakshantala at gmail.com (nagy)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 20:14:14 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
Message-ID: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I do the following. First create lists x,y,z. Then add an element to x
using the augumented assignment operator. This causes all the other
lists to be changed also.
But if I use the assignment x=x+[4] instead of using the augumented
assignment, the y and z lists do not change.
Why is that?
This does not happen when I work with integer data type for example, as
shown below.

Thanks for your help
Nagy

>>> x=y=z=[]
>>> x+=[2]
>>> x
[2]
>>> y
[2]
>>> z
[2]
>>> x=x+[4]
>>>
>>> x
[2, 4]
>>> y
[2]
>>> z
[2]
>>> a=b=4
>>> b
4
>>> a+=2
>>> a
6
>>> b
4



From blenderhack at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 18:37:26 2006
From: blenderhack at gmail.com (John Blogger)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 15:37:26 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
Message-ID: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

(I don't know if it is the right place. So if I am wrong, please point
me the right direction.
If this post is read by you masters, I'm honoured. If I am getting a
mere response, I'm blessed!)

Hi,

I'm a newbie regular expression user. I use regex in my Python
programs.  I have a strange

(sometimes not strange, but please bear in mind;  I'm a newbie  ;)
problem using regex. That I want

a particular tag value of one of my HTML files.

ie: I want only the value after 'href=' in the tag >>

'<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">'

here it would be 'mystylesheet.css'. I used the following regex to get
this value(I dont know if it

is good).

_"<link\s+href=["]?(.*?)["]?\s+rel=["]?stylesheet["]?\s+type=["]?text/css["]?>"_
I thought I was doing fine until I got stuck by this tag >>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same
tag but with 'href=' part

at a different place. I think you got the point!

So What should I do to get the exact value(here the value after
'href=') in any case even if the

tags are like these? >>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
-OR-
<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
-OR-
<link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">



From zs at students.cs.mu.OZ.AU  Mon Jul 17 00:45:45 2006
From: zs at students.cs.mu.OZ.AU (Zoltan Somogyi)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 04:45:45 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
	<1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97nst$a45id$4@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <44bb15f7$1@news.unimelb.edu.au>

Andreas Rossberg <rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de> writes:
>Uh, aliasing all over the place! Actually, I think that logic 
>programming, usually based on deep unification, brings by far the worst 
>incarnation of aliasing issues to the table.

I agree that deep unification, as implemented in Prolog, brings with it
lots of aliasing problems. However, these problems have been recognized
from the seventies, and people have tried to solve them. There have
been a huge variety of mode systems added to various dialects of Prolog
over the years, which each attempt to tackle (various parts of) the aliasing
problem, none of them fully successfully in my view, since their designers
usually actually *wanted* to retain at least *some* of the expressive power
of the logic variable.

Some non-Prolog logic languages have departed from this approach, the earliest
being the Relational Language. To tie this message to another thread, the
Relational Language had a strict mode system that is as identical as possible
to the notion of typestate in NIL and Hermes given the limitations of
comparing declarative apples with imperative oranges, but significantly
earlier, 1979 vs 1986 IIRC.

Marshall wrote:
>I have explored the OO path to its bitter end and am
>convinced it is not the way. So what is left? Uniqueness
>types and logic programming, I suppose. I enjoy logic
>programming but it doesn't seem quite right. But notice:
>no pointers there!  And it doesn't seem to suffer from the
>lack.

Of course, the main logic programming language today that disallows the use
of unification for arbitrary aliasing is Mercury. It enforces this through
a strong mode system. Our motivation for the design of this mode system
was precisely to eliminate the problems Andreas identified above. However
it has also turned out to be an excellent foundation for Mercury's notion of
unique modes, its equivalent of uniqueness types, which Mercury uses to
express I/O.

Zoltan Somogyi <zs at cs.mu.OZ.AU> http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~zs/
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Univ. of Melbourne


From http  Sun Jul  9 18:51:32 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 09 Jul 2006 15:51:32 -0700
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xac7igznv.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Terry Reedy" <tjreedy at udel.edu> writes:
> Consider
> >>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
> [3, 3, 2, 1]
> 
> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).

[x.len() for x in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]

> >  - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
> 
> Because it is an in-place mutation method and Guido decided that such 
> methods should return None rather that the mutated object to lessen bugs. 
> It is a tradeoff that has been debated ever since ;-)

Nah, we have sorted() now, a functionalista victory ;-)

> I presume the new-in-2.5 default dicts will do the same, and also work when 
> the key does not exist and the default is a list.

Man, it's hard to keep track of these new features.  Default dicts do
sound like a good addition; I've used those d.setdefault/d.get idioms
way too often.


From slomojo83 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 04:36:02 2006
From: slomojo83 at gmail.com (Josiah Manson)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:36:02 -0700
Subject: Is it possible to get image size before/without downloading?
In-Reply-To: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153557362.785142.11200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

In the head of an HTTP response, most servers will specify a
Content-Length that is the number of bytes in the body of the response.
Normally, when using the GET method, the header is returned with the
body following. It is possible to make a HEAD request to the server
that will only return header information that will hopefully tell you
the file size.

If you want to know the actual dimensions of the image, I don't know of
anything in HTTP that will tell you. You will probably just have to
download the image to find that out. Relevant HTTP specs below if you
care.

http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html

The above is true regardless of language. In python it appears there an
httplib module. I would call request using the method head.

http://docs.python.org/lib/httpconnection-objects.html

aldonnelley at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi there: a bit of a left-field question, I think.
> I'm writing a program that analyses image files downloaded with a basic
> crawler, and it's slow, mainly because I only want to analyse files
> within a certain size range, and I'm having to download all the files
> on the page, open them, get their size, and then only analyse the ones
> that are in that size range.
> Is there a way (in python, of course!) to get the size of images before
> or without downloading them? I've checked around, and I can't seem to
> find anything promising...
> 
> Anybody got any clues?
> 
> Cheers, Al.



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 12:08:16 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:08:16 GMT
Subject: [Way off-topic] Re: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Qdutg.91033$7Z6.15255@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> A concrete example: the
> first thing that Windows does when accepting userland data structures
> is... to copy them; this were unnecessary if the structures were immutable.

It is necessary also because the userland structures are in a different
privilege domain, and the memory backing them is potentially mapped by
other processes, or accessible by other threads of this process, that can
be running in parallel while the current thread is in the kernel.

Also, it tends to be easier and more secure to treat userland structures
as if they were in a different address space (even if for a particular OS,
the kernel would be able to access user mode addresses directly). The
kernel cannot trust that pointers in userland structures are valid, for
instance.

So, in order to avoid a copy when accepting a userland structure:

 - when servicing a kernel call for a given process, the OS must use
   kernel-mode page table mappings that are a superset of the user-mode
   mappings for that process at the point of the call.

 - the memory backing the structure must be immutable in all processes
   that could map it, and the kernel must trust the means by which it is
   made immutable.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 13:19:44 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:19:44 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <QEPug.24235$Z67.2146@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Marshall wrote:
> I would propose that variables have identity, and values do not.
> In part this is via the supplied definition of identity, in which, when
> you change one thing, if something else changes as well, they
> share identity.

Maybe you gave a better definition the first time, but this one doesn't 
really hold up.

> of equality here is too narrow; it is only necessary to show that
> two things both change, not that they change in the same way.)

If I change X, then Y[X] changes also. I don't think X is identical to Y 
or Y[X], nor is it an alias of either.  I think that's where the 
equality comes into it.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From skip at pobox.com  Thu Jul  6 13:06:37 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:06:37 -0500
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <17581.17181.919352.371827@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Jack> When I try TooFPy with the SOAP and XML-RPC sample client code
    Jack> provided in TooFPy tutorials, a log entry shows up quickly on web
    Jack> server log window, but it takes a long time (5 seconds or longer)
    Jack> for the client to output a "Hello you." 

For XML-RPC are you using sgmlop or some other accelerator?  If not, you
might want to consider it.

Skip


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 14 13:28:43 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 17:28:43 GMT
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-14, Lawrence Oluyede <rhymes at myself.com> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
>
>> These are just some ideas. Whether they fit into python or not I will
>> leave to the developers.
>
> I'm not a Python pro. but:
>
>> 1) Literal slices, in a sense we already have these, but they are
>>    limited to indexing. You can't do something like fun(::). May
>>    be this means the notation used now has to be adapted.
>
> I don't see the use case for this.

You don't think it usefull that when you need a slice as an argument
you can use the same notation as when you use when you need a
slice as an index?

I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order. This
makes it usefull to iterate over a slice. So it would be usefull
if methods like keys, values and items could take a slice as
an argument and use the same notation for it. Something like

  for k, v in t.items('a':'b'):

Which would iterate over all items where the key starts with
an 'a'. Sure you don't need it. You could just use 

  for k, v in t.items(slice('a','b')):

or you could define the items method with the same signature
as range or xrange. But it seems appropiate that the same
notation can be used anywhere.

>> 2) Iterable slices. Allow (provided the slice notation stays:)
>> 
>>       for i in (1:10):
>>          ...
>> 
>>    to do the same as:
>> 
>>       for i in xrange(1,10):
>> 
>>   This will allow to get rid of both range and xrange. Xrange
>>   is totally unnecessary and range(a,b) becomes list(a:b).
>
> -1. First: you have to introduce new syntax for an old thing.

That syntax already exists, it just is only available as an
index.

> Second:
> you overload the meaning of slicing and the slice operator and so on.

It's meaning is not overloaded, it just gets extra functionality.

> range is perfectly integrated and the right tool for the job.

Range as it is, is going to disappear. Last time I read the
python 3000 Pep range would get the functionality of xrange
and xrange would disappear, and those who want a list will
have to do: list(range(a,b))

> There's no
> need to introduce new syntax to iterate over a range of integers.

Need is such a strong word. In the end we don't need python, but
it seems very usefull to have it around. I understand that should this
be introduced it could make people uneasy, but I also think it
could be very usefull.

>> 4) Introduce Top and Bottom objects, which will allways
>>    compare greater/smaller to other objects. Make them
>>    the default values for the start and stop values of
>>    slices.
>> 5) Give slices a "&" and "|" operator.
>> 
>> 
>> 7) Give slices the possibility to include the stop value.
>> 
>>    My first idea here was that the notation of slices
>>    was adapted, so that what is a:b now would become
>>    a:|b. A slice to include the b would then be a::b.
>>    You could even have a slice that didn't include the
>>    a but included the b like:  a|:b
>> 
>>    Now I expect a lot of resitance here, so it this
>>    seems not feasable, just drop it.
>> 
>> 6) Is this is all asked too much, make slice at least
>>    subclassable.
>
> Why do you need power slices?

Because it would have made things a lot of easier for me in
a number of cases. I have a table class that is like a
list but can start at any index, it sure would have been
easier to write with some of the possibilities above. I
though to just write my own slice class, but slice is not
subclassable, and when I just wrote my own from scratch,
with a start, stop and step attribute I got an error that
it wasn't an integer so couldn't be used as an index.
So much for duck taping.

But if this idea doesn't catch on, so be it.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From liubojin at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:20:45 2006
From: liubojin at gmail.com (liubojin at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:20:45 -0700
Subject: strange i/o delay problem in socket,
Message-ID: <1152217245.097394.225510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi guys,
I have got some strange system behaviors regarding i/o delays in socket
in python, here's the details:
I'm writing a web proxy like program that intercepts and redirects
requests from clients to my tomcat server,
this proxy is written in python, and i'm starting a new thread to
handle (redirect) the requests whenever there's a new client connected
to my proxy. Each handler thread will read the http request line from
the client first, do some processing, and then redirect it to the
tomcat, and here's the problem:

while in most cases, the time needed for a handler thread to read the
request line from the socket is below 1 millisecond, there are some
cases this time is over severl thousand (or even higher) milliseconds.
I'm just wondering what could be the possible cause(s) of this ? btw,
this happens more often when there are large number of clients, but
will also happen ocassionally when the number of client is very
small....

i've heard of something reagarding python's relative low i/o
performance, but not sure whether or not this problem is a python
specific one...or is it a bug? someone please enlighten me
thanks

Fred



From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul 24 14:34:49 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:34:49 -0400
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <44C50FF9.8080009@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>

On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:22:49 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>Steve Holden wrote:
>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>> [... rant ...]
>>
>>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
>>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
>>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
>>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
>>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
>>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
>>> way around this scenario?
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>> Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research
>> the history of this design decision in the language you should discover
>> there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".
>>
>>
>>
>Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven
>communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a
>message, stops everything, and processes the message.
>

And what happens if the thread was halfway through a malloc call and
the data structures used to manage the state of the heap are in an
inconsistent state when the interrupt occurs?

This has been discussed many many times in the context of many many
languages and threading libraries.  If you're really interested, do
the investigation Steve suggested.  You'll find plenty of material.

Jean-Paul


From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 02:42:41 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:42:41 -0700
Subject: write()
In-Reply-To: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153982561.666387.196690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


manuhack wrote:
> I copied the lines
>
> f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> print f
> f.close()
>
> from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> directory" '/tmp/workfile'
>
> Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> Thanks.  Without / I can open it.


f=open(r'c:\blah\blah').read()



From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:12:40 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:12:40 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154092360.832365.38720@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

sorry i forgot to escape the question mark...

> [code]
> import re
> p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?"<>\|])*')

even when I escape that it still doesnt work as expected.

p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*')

p.match('c:\test')  still returns None.



From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 08:55:15 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 05:55:15 -0700
Subject: socket buffer flush question
Message-ID: <1152104115.156123.120200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello Everybody!
  I am writing a networking application in python for a small piece of
hardware, in which there could sometimes be timeouts.  I am using
sockets to communicate to this device.  Data that is sent to the device
is instructions for that piece of hardware, and data recieved is just
responses from that hardware.
  When a timeout happens, for some reason extra data is stored inside
the buffer, so when the timeout is over, that extra data (remember this
data is instructions) is executed by the hardware, which I don't want.
For timeout purposes, I want the socket to be nonblocking, but at the
same time this means that I can't flush the buffer, which I think would
solve the problem.

I realize this is probably quite unclear, so below is a tcpdump which
will explain what I mean.

15:10:37.667963 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 481:493(12)
ack 481 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157458905 528016> (DF)
			 4500 0040 090c 4000 4006 599f 8fd1 06f2
			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9289 a552 55df
			 8018 16d0 c3ec 0000 0101 080a 0962 a1d9
			 0008 0e90 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000
15:10:51.107769 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 481:493(12)
ack 481 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 528016> (DF)
			 4500 0040 090d 4000 4006 599e 8fd1 06f2
			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9289 a552 55df
			 8018 16d0 beac 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
			 0008 0e90 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000
15:10:51.108259 192.168.128.161.46667 > aurl06f2.39979: P 481:493(12)
ack 493 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 533605 157460249> (DF)
			 4500 0040 5580 4000 3f06 0e2b c0a8 80a1
			 8fd1 06f2 b64b 9c2b a552 55df 30c7 9295
			 8018 16a0 dbf5 0000 0101 080a 0008 2465
			 0962 a719 8000 0001 f800 0110 0000 4d05
15:10:51.108283 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 493:565(72)
ack 493 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 533605> (DF)
			 4500 007c 090e 4000 4006 5961 8fd1 06f2
			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 9295 a552 55eb
			 8018 16d0 cb29 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
			 0008 2465 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000
			 0000 0001 f800 0110 0000 0000 0000 0001
			 f800
            ************* NOTICE THE EXTRA DATA *****************
15:10:51.108731 192.168.128.161.46667 > aurl06f2.39979: P 493:505(12)
ack 565 win 5792 <nop,nop,timestamp 533605 157460249> (DF)
			 4500 0040 5581 4000 3f06 0e2a c0a8 80a1
			 8fd1 06f2 b64b 9c2b a552 55eb 30c7 92dd
			 8018 16a0 db99 0000 0101 080a 0008 2465
			 0962 a719 8000 0001 f800 0110 0000 4d0d
15:10:51.111760 aurl06f2.39979 > 192.168.128.161.46667: P 565:577(12)
ack 505 win 5840 <nop,nop,timestamp 157460249 533605> (DF)
			 4500 0040 090f 4000 4006 599c 8fd1 06f2
			 c0a8 80a1 9c2b b64b 30c7 92dd a552 55f7
			 8018 16d0 a867 0000 0101 080a 0962 a719
			 0008 2465 0000 0001 f800 0114 0000 0000

The last 3 words (32 bits/word) of the hex printout shows the
condition.  The first of the last 3 words is the instruction, in this
case a read instruction: 0000_0001.  The second is the address:
f800_0110 or f800_0114.  The third is the data recieved.
As you can see, the first 2 printouts are a timeout (it is much longer
than this, but i didnt want to post all of that) because one machine is
communicating to the other without a response.  The third printout is
when the machine recovers from the timeout, and it works fine.
However, the printout after the machine recovers has some extra data at
the end.  This is the data I want to flush out of the buffer, but I
cant really figure out how to do so.

Sorry for the long post and thanks a lot for your help



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 10:20:28 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:20:28 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> thebjorn wrote:
> > For the purpose of finding someone's age I was looking for a way to
> > find how the difference in years between two dates, so I could do
> > something like:
> >
> >   age = (date.today() - born).year
> >
> > but that didn't work (the timedelta class doesn't have a year
> > accessor).
> >
> > I looked in the docs and the cookbook, but I couldn't find anything, so
> > I came up with:
> >
> >   def age(born):
> >       now = date.today()
> >       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
> >       return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)
> >
> > i.e. calculate the "raw" years first and subtract one if he hasn't had
> > his birthday yet this year... It works, but I'd rather use a standard
> > and generic approach if it exists...?
>
> You may want to have a look at mxDatetime, which has a RelativeDateTime
> type that seems to do what you want:
> http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxDateTime.html
>

Which pieces of the following seem to be working to you?

>>> import mx.DateTime
>>> f = mx.DateTime.RelativeDateTimeDiff
>>> d = mx.DateTime.Date
>>> f(d(2000, 2, 29), d(2001, 2, 28))
<RelativeDateTime instance for 'YYYY-(-11)-(-28) HH:MM:SS' at 0xaee170>
>>> f(d(2000, 2, 29), d(2001, 3, 1))
<RelativeDateTime instance for '(-0001)-MM-(-01) HH:MM:SS' at 0xb06530>
>>> f(d(2001, 1, 31), d(2001, 2, 28))
<RelativeDateTime instance for 'YYYY-MM-(-28) HH:MM:SS' at 0xaee170>
>>> g = lambda x, y: f(y, x)
>>> g(d(2000, 2, 29), d(2001, 2, 28))
<RelativeDateTime instance for 'YYYY-(+11)-(+30) HH:MM:SS' at 0xb06580>
>>> g(d(2000, 2, 29), d(2001, 3, 1))
<RelativeDateTime instance for '(+0001)-MM-DD HH:MM:SS' at 0xaee170>
>>> g(d(2001, 1, 31), d(2001, 2, 28))
<RelativeDateTime instance for 'YYYY-MM-(+28) HH:MM:SS' at 0xb06580>
>>>

and going the other way, adding one month to 31 January gives you some
date in March which is ludicrous.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 07:24:58 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:24:58 +0200
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <7x4pwy9hmy.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<7xd5bmul93.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44cddbf8$0$30136$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<7x4pwy9hmy.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44cde88a$0$19734$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> writes:
>> Too much useless lookup IMHO...
> 
> Actually, you, me, and Amit all mis-read David's original exapmle.

Actually, I plea not guilty - cf my answer to the OP !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 09:16:23 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:16:23 -0500
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CA0E27.2030201@tim.thechases.com>

> p = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*?"<>\|])*')
> 
> x = p.match("c:\test")

> any ideas why?  i escape the back-slash, the asterisk *, and the PIPE |
> ....b/c they are regex special characters.


Same problem, only now in the other string:

 >>> s = "c:\test"
 >>> print s
c:	est

Your "\t" is interpreted as as tab character.  Thus, you want

	s = r"c:\test"

or

	s = "c:\\test"

which you'll find should now be successfully found with

	p.match(s)

-tkc






From dnew at san.rr.com  Wed Jul 12 13:38:18 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 17:38:18 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Marshall wrote:
> So, what exactly separates a precondition from a postcondition
> from an invariant?

A precondition applies to a routine/method/function and states the 
conditions under which a function might be called. For example, a 
precondition on "stack.pop" might be "not stack.empty", and 
"socket.read" might have a precondition of "socket.is_open", and 
"socket.open_a_new_connection" might have a precondition of 
"socket.is_closed".

A postcondition applies to a routine/method/function and states (at 
least part of) what that routine guarantees to be true when it returns, 
assuming it is called with true preconditions. So "not stack.empty" 
would be a postcondition of "stack.push". If your postconditions are 
complete, they tell you what the routine does.

An invariant is something that applies to an entire object instance, any 
time after the constructor has completed and no routine within that 
instance is running (i.e., you're not in the middle of a call). There 
should probably be something in there about destructors, too. So an 
invariant might be "stack.is_empty == (stack.size == 0)" or perhaps 
"socket.is_open implies (socket.buffer != null)" or some such.

The first problem with many of these sorts of things are that in 
practice, there are lots of postconditions that are difficult to express 
in any machine-readable way. The postcondition of "socket.read" is that 
the buffer passed as the first argument has valid data in the first "n" 
bytes, where "n" is the return value from "socket.read", unless 
"socket.read" returned -1.  What does "valid" mean there? It has to 
match the bytes sent by some other process, possibly on another machine, 
disregarding the bytes already read.

You can see how this can be hard to formalize in any particularly useful 
way, unless you wind up modelling the whole universe, which is what most 
of the really formalized network description techniques do.

Plus, of course, without having preconditions and postconditions for OS 
calls, it's difficult to do much formally with that sort of thing.

You can imagine all sorts of I/O that would be difficult to describe, 
even for things that are all in memory: what would be the postcondition 
for "screen.draw_polygon"? Any set of postconditions on that routine 
that don't mention that a polygon is now visible on the screen would be 
difficult to take seriously.

There are also problems with the complexity of things. Imagine a 
chess-playing game trying to describe the "generate moves" routine. 
Precondition: An input board with a valid configuration of chess pieces. 
Postcondition: An array of boards with possible next moves for the 
selected team.  Heck, if you could write those as assertions, you 
wouldn't need the code.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From mmarch at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 03:43:48 2006
From: mmarch at gmail.com (Cowmix)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 00:43:48 -0700
Subject: Running multiple versions of Python on the same host..
Message-ID: <1152431028.896016.236310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

For my day job I am forced to run RHEL3 (and Centos3 on my desktop). I
want to be able to use a few applications that require Python 2.4.X but
RHEL3 ships with Python 2.2.3. I have tried to install and upgrade
Python 2.4.X many ways like using PyVault and doing a source based
install but each way has been fraught with problems from weird
dependency issues to screwing up 'yum'.

What is the best way to run multiple version of Python on the same
system?

thanks!



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:06:13 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 15:06:13 -0400
Subject: Converting argv to variable
References: <1153573721.313812.150510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9tsv5$him$1@sea.gmane.org>


"tgiles" <tgiles at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153573721.313812.150510 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> (now that I've posted in the wrong flipping newsgroup the first thing,
> here's my question to the lovely python folks)
>
> I've taken a year off (or so) using Python and the first thing I run
> into utterly stumped me. Been too long and none of the searches I've
> done seems to have helped any.
> Basically, I'm trying to create a little script which will make a new
> directory, using the argument passed to it to give the directory a
> name:
>
> #!/usr/bin/python
> import sys, os
> newDirectory = str(sys.argv[1:])

If you are only going to make one dir at a time, newDir = sys.argv[1]

> currentPath =  str(os.getcwd())
> create =  currentPath + '/' + newDirectory

os.path has platform-independent function to do this

tjr





From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sun Jul 16 16:43:45 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 02:13:45 +0530
Subject: sys.modules and __main__ obscureness
In-Reply-To: <1153077084.782093.153840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153075155.945985.261960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8239.1153076575.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153077084.782093.153840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BAA501.1020004@tachyontech.net>

Fuzzyman wrote:
> That was a quick response. :-)
> 
> Thanks very much.

Sigh.. When I'm drowning in arcane win32 c++ crap, I tend to jump on
anything interesting on python-list. It feels like a breath of fresh air!

[sreeram;]

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From madpython at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 12:28:49 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 09:28:49 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
Message-ID: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

For the pure theory sake and mind expansion i got a question.
Experimenting with __new__ i found out how to create a singleton.
class SingleStr(object):
    def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        instance=cls.__dict__.get('instance')
        if instance:
            return instance
        cls.instance=object.__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
        return cls.instance

What if i need to create no more than 5 (for example) instances of a
class. I guess that would be not much of a problema but there is a
complication. If one of the instances is garbagecollected I want to be
able to spawn another instance. Maybe it's difficult to perceive what i
said so think of a limited number of sockets. Wherenever one is freed
it can be captured again.
I believe that this type of the design pattern was described in
"Thinking in Java" but there was a special method finalize()
utilized, that is called every time when gc() is about to clean up an
unreferenced object. By using this method a counter of active instances
could be easily implemented. What is the pythonic approach to this
problema?



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul 20 02:55:22 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:55:22 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.20.06.55.21.795963@gmx.net>

In <1153371049.561672.233550 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
wrote:

> 
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> mystilleef wrote:
>> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> >
>> > Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
>> > object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
>>
>> Let's try again...
>>
>> point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
>> Just a *convention*.
>>
> 
> Huh? What are properties for then?

To have a tool to change the default accessor into something more
complicated, a calculated attribute, without the need to change the API.

>> point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
>> internal data" at will.
>>
> 
> And this is robust how?

That's as robust as the consenting adults that use that code.  And as
robust as Java where you can get at private attributes via reflection and
C++ where you can simply define private as public.

>> point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
>> system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
>> internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
>> were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
>> own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
>> he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
>> to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
>> for this.
>>
> 
> You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.

No he's not joking.  If programmers don't read the "stop here, this is
internal" signs and carelessly change states then there's a much bigger
problem than access control.  The problem is with the programmer, not the
language.

>> point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
>> attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
>> with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
>>
>> Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
>>
>> class Complicated(object):
>>   def __init__(self, data):
>>     self.data = data
>>   def _get_data(self):
>>     return self._data
>>   def _set_data(self, data):
>>     self._data = data
>>
>> and
>>
>> class Pragmatic(object):
>>   def __init__(self, data)
>>     self.data = data
>>
>>
>> and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
>> second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
>>
> 
> I don't know it's your code not mine.
> 
> class Robust(object):
> 
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> 		# corrupt the whole event system.
> 		self.__is_active = True
> 
> 	def get_is_active(self):
> 		return self.__is_active
> 
> 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> editable")
> 
> 	def monitor_events(self):
> 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> 		return
> 
> See! I'm controlling access. Whee!

No you don't.

obj = Robust()
obj._Robust__is_active = 42

The name munging is not meant to provide access control but to avoid name
clashes when dealing with deep inheritance hierarchies or mixin classes.

A pythonista would just call the attribute `_is_active` and rely on the
common sense of other programmers not to play with it at will.

> And if one sober morning I want to change the name __is_active to
> __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt down 27000 lines of code to do
> it.

If it's called `_is_active` then the access to it should not be spread
over 27000 lines.  You don't access attributes not belonging to the API
from everywhere in the code base.  If you do, you are a bit careless as a
programmer, don't you think?

> Also a naive third party won't crash my system by changing Robust's
> state arbitrarily. Because in the real world when your program is buggy,
> you get bug reports, nasty emails among other forms of ridicule. And
> your supposed solution to my problem is me saying, "but...but...I told
> you not change is_active."

The name `_is_active` tells that it's not API.  If the na?ve third party
does not respect this than it's on its own.  The solution is indeed to
tell that to them because otherwise they will get into trouble when they
continue to program in Python where this is the common way to make things
"private".

> Ha! And if you can't figure out why anyone would do this, then I'm not
> wasting my time here anymore. Someday you'll learn the hard way.

You shouldn't waste your time with Python then.  The language is obviously
not "bondage" enough for your needs.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From http  Sun Jul  9 20:56:53 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 09 Jul 2006 17:56:53 -0700
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<pan.2006.07.09.23.29.08.974074@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <7xwtamffai.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Steven D'Aprano <steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> writes:
> Length is an obvious property of any one-dimensional non-scalar, not just
> strings. As such, it makes sense to have a length function that takes an
> argument. As a design decision, it could go either way, but early
> Python wasn't fully object-oriented. If Guido was designing Python
> from scratch today, who knows whether he'd still make len a function?

There could be a multidimensional variant which gives the shape of an
array, like the APL rho operator.  RMS once wrote a song about it
(tune of "Row, row, row your boat"):

  Rho rho rho of x, always equals 1, 
  Rho's dimension, rho rho rank, APL is fun!

> >   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
> 
> Because if you have a 100 MB list of objects which you want to sort, why
> go to the significant expense of making a sorted copy only to throw the
> original away?

.sort() could sort in place and return the sorted list instead of returning None.

> In general, Python never copies data unless you explicitly tell it too. If
> you want to keep the original, unsorted list around, you need to make a
> copy of it explicitly.

The convention actually is that mutating operations like .sort()
return None, which supposedly helps avoid certain types of errors.
But it leads to tedious code, thus the addition of sorted().  sorted()
of course has the nice property of being able to operate on arbitrary
sequences, which was one of the (valid) justifications for making it a
function.

The Lisp convention would be to name the function "nsort" (like
nreverse, nconc, etc.)  where the "n" signifies that the operation is
in-place.  The Scheme convention is to suffix with "!", like "set!",
"sort!", "reverse!", and so forth.

> >     This would allow things like:
> >         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
> >     instead:
> >         key = ...
> >         key.sort()
> >         key = ...
> 
> One liners are over-rated.
> ...
> Perhaps the best way to understand the Python philosophy is to call up an
> interpreter and execute "import this" at the prompt.

"Beautiful is better than ugly".


From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 22:20:32 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 19:20:32 -0700
Subject: SDL doesn't cope well with FreeSans
In-Reply-To: <44C81E03.6000502@canterbury.ac.nz>
References: <44C81E03.6000502@canterbury.ac.nz>
Message-ID: <1153966832.238526.196780@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Greg Ewing wrote:
> Whenever I try to use the FreeSans font with SDL,
> either through PyGame or Soya, I get disappointing
> results. The characters come out slightly
> higglety-pigglety -- randomly displaced up or down
> a pixel or so from the baseline.
>
> Something about the calculation of the font height
> seems to be off, too.
>
> The fonts that come with MacOSX don't have these
> problems, so the fault doesn't seem to be with SDL
> or FreeType.
>
> Has anyone else noticed this? If it's a problem
> with the quality of FreeSans, can anyone recommend
> a free Helvetica-like font family that doesn't
> have this problem?

It would depend on how you're displaying them, I would think.  I
haven't seen any one-pixel-off errors for FreeSans on the screen at the
same time, but I've seen differences between Windows and Linux.  (I
figured it was because of hinting, but didn't investigate.)  However,
I'm rendering it with OpenGL textures, so there might be a little
difference.

1. Try increasing the pixel height by 0.5
2. Convert it to a type 1 font and see if the problem remains.
3. See if anyone on the SDL or PyGame lists know anything about it.


Carl Banks



From nospamformeSVP at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 20:42:48 2006
From: nospamformeSVP at gmail.com (Don Taylor)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:42:48 -0400
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
In-Reply-To: <1152532099.430426.54110@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152532099.430426.54110@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8us6l$3of$1@sea.gmane.org>

kilnhead wrote:

> I have used spe and pyscripter on windows. I currently use Eclipse and
> this it is the best of the lot in terms of functionality. However, it
> does take some effort to get comfortable with. I only wish it had a GUI
> builder for python.
>
I have found that wxGlade plays nicely with Eclipse/Pydev extensions. 
Eclipse recognizes when wxGlade modifies a .py file and reloads it if 
you have it open for editing.  The Pydev debugger works (for me) with 
wxGlade (wxPython) applications.

wxGlade does not try to impose a project file structure so Eclipse can 
manage all of the files, just create wxGlade's files in the Eclipse 
project folder and refresh the project to get Eclipse to recognise them.

I have not tried it but I think that you can launch wxGlade from within 
Eclipse as an 'External Tool'.  I find it easy enough just to have both 
Eclipse and wxGlade running at the same time.


Don.




From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 21:57:54 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 18:57:54 -0700
Subject: Deferred imports
References: <ma8gb2516qglu7hqhs9mqv65bf2v9venoo@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152928674.225608.312050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Tom Plunket wrote:
> I'm using this package that I can't import on startup, instead needing
> to wait until some initialization takes place so I can set other
> things up so that I can subsequently import the package and have the
> "startup needs" of that package met.
[...]
> So as y'all might guess, I have the solution in this sort of thing:
>
> import os
> global myDeferredModule
>
> class MyClass:
>    def __init__(self):
>       os.environ['MY_DEFERRED_MODULE_PARAM'] = str(self)
>       global myDeferredModule
>       import myDeferredModule
>
> m = MyClass()
>
> HOWEVER, my problem now comes from the fact that other modules need to
> use this import.  So, I need to either use the above "trick", or I
> need to just import the module in every function that needs it (which
> will be almost exclusively the constructors for the objects as they're
> the ones creating Pygame objects).
>
> So my question is, is 'import' heavy enough to want to avoid doing it
> every time an object is created, or is it fairly light if it's
> currently active somewhere else in the application?  I suppose that
> may depend on how many objects I'm creating, and how frequently I'm
> creating them, but if 'import' resolves to essentially
>
> if not global_imports.has_key(module):
>    do_stuff_to_import_module

Importing a module repeatedly certainly won't help the application run
any _faster_, but you may not notice the difference.  Especially if
this particular block of code does not run in a tight loop.  It does
work like you described, the specific dictionary is sys.modules:

>>> print file('a.py').read()
print "THIS IS A!"
>>> 'a' in sys.modules
False
>>> import a
THIS IS A!
>>> 'a' in sys.modules
True
>>> import a #will not execute a.py again
>>>

> ...then I'm not so worried about putting it into every constructor.
> Otherwise I'll do this trick, starting myDeferredModule = None and
> only do the import if not None.

The extra check for not None probably wouldn't be much faster than the
check import does in sys.modules.  Just calling import in the
constructor will also be easier for someone else to understand :-)

> Thanks!
>
> -tom!

pypy has a neat lazy loading importer, you could see how they implement
it, I think it is just something like

class defer:
    def __getattr__(self, attr):
        return __import__(attr)
defer = defer()

then defer.foo will import foo for you.

-- 
- Justin



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 13 09:54:00 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:54:00 GMT
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
Message-ID: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>

Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as 
you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation 
does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable 
file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as 
how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to 
do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from 
your memory stick?


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 14 06:17:40 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 20:17:40 +1000
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>

On 14/07/2006 4:16 PM, seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:
>> It's quite simple, really: You malloc it, you free it.
> 
> John - I hope you don't mind that I really want to make sure I
> understand your
> good wisdom in this area by asking for clarification....
> 
> ASSUMPTIONS:
> 
> 1.  As long as we properly handle the reference counting of PyObjects
> then
>      memory management is taken care of for us.  (i.e. You don't ever
>      use the 'free' command explicitly on a PyObject* but let Python
> garbage collector
>      do the final freeing.)

That's correct: You didn't malloc it, you don't free it.

BTW, free is a function, not a "command".

> 
> 2.  All malloc'd stuff in C must be freed with free command.  (Python
> garbage
>     collector is limited to PyObjects.  It won't free non-Python stuff
> for us
>     like int arrays, char* strings, etc.)
> 

Correct.


> 
> Now it would appear that if you **malloc an array of PyObjects**
> (call it FOO[]) then you have an ambiguity....

No, not at all; there is no such action as "malloc an array of 
PyObjects". Firstly, malloc does not produce an array of anything; it 
allocates a chunk of memory and returns the address of the start of the 
chunk. secondly, what you stuffing into that memory is not Python 
objects but addresses of (a.k.a. pointers to) Python objects.

> 
> The PyObject elements will be freed *for us* eventually by garbage
> collector.
> Hence, we can't ever do 'free(FOO); ' because we don't know when
> garbage collector will free FOO[0], FOO[1], FOO[2], etc.

Let's try reductio ad adsurdum on that one. Suppose that instead of 
filling in a malloced chunk of memory, you had stored those gizmoids in 
local variables foo0, foo1, foo2, etc. Using your reasoning: we can't 
ever return from our function (which frees up the stack memory 
containing foo0 etc) because we don't know when garbage collector will 
free foo0 etc. Avoiding that problem would require a Python/C API 
function with a name like Py_AwaitGarbageCollection() ... but there 
isn't one.

HTH,
John



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 02:56:18 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:56:18 +0200
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>

In <1151995347.533312.99390 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>, Gaurav Agarwal
wrote:

> Am looking for a python script that can convert fileformats to txt
> format. Am unable to find anything in python. Currently the InfoCon
> projects looks pretty good to use, but it is return in java.

What do you mean by 'fileformats'?  A script that automagically converts
*anything* to text?  What about pictures?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From huwdixon at netrox.net  Sun Jul  9 14:56:27 2006
From: huwdixon at netrox.net (hdixon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 11:56:27 -0700
Subject: class members vs instance members
In-Reply-To: <44b12581$0$30299$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152459349.575874.132830@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b12581$0$30299$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152471387.625964.315920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> hdixon a ?crit :
> > Ive spent a few days going thru a couple of Python tutorials. No
> > problem until I got to classes. I guess my java mindset is blocking my
> > vision.
>
> Then http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html
>
> > I've borrowed another thread's code snippet and cannot explain
> > the results:
> > class MyClass:
>
>   class MyClass(object):
>
> >     list = []
>
> This may not be too harmful in the given context, nut shadowing builtin
> types may not be a good idea.
>
> >     myvar = 10
> >
> >     def add(self, x):
> >         self.list.append(x)
>
> "list" is a class attribute. It's shared by all instances of MyClass.
> This is a FAQ AFAICT.
>
> >         self.myvar = x
>
> This creates an instance attribute named myvar that shadows the class
> attribute of the same name
>
> (snip expected results)
>
> > WHY do the "class members" list and myvar seem to behave differently?
>
> cf above. And notice that in Python, binding (aka 'assignement') and
> name lookup on objects are different beasts. There have been quite a few
> threads about this recently.
>
> > Given the way that list[] is supposedly shared why doesnt myvar exhibit
> > the same behavior?
>
> Because binding to self.myvar creates the instance attribute "myvar".
> Notice that you have not rebound "list".
>
> > It seems that myvar is acting like a true "instance
> > member".
>
> It is one.
>
> > Is this simply because of the underlying types?
>
> Nope, it's because in the first case (MyClass.list, accessed as
> self.list) you just call methods on the list object, which has no effect
> on the binding.

ok - i "think" its beginning to dawn on me. BTW - the blog above was a
good read for me. I _am_ trying to bring java into the mix and its
screwing me up big time. I'll go back over the chapters that dicuss
binding/name lookups.


Thanks



From rune.strand at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 20:43:24 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 17:43:24 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151973804.487505.223550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the parsing
> i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find functions to
> remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars.
>
> i'm assuming python has something like
>
> valid_str = strip(invalid_str)
>
> where 'strip' removes/strips out the invalid chars...
>
> any ideas/thoughts/pointers...

If you're able to define the invalid_chars, the most convenient is
probably to use the strip() method:
>>> a_string = "abcdef"
>>> invalid_chars = 'abc'
>>> a_string.strip(invalid_chars)
'def'



From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:18:36 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:18:36 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153945116.341568.72210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

faulkner wrote:
> re.findall('\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*|\S+', s)

sorry i forgot to give a limitation: if a letter is next to a bracket,
they should be considered as one word. i.e.:
"a(b c) d" becomes ["a(b c)", "d"]
because there is no blank between "a" and "(".



From http  Sun Jul  9 13:22:30 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 09 Jul 2006 10:22:30 -0700
Subject: scheduling accuracy for audio
References: <mailman.7941.1152453044.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xac7i8zhl.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

andrea valle <andrea.valle at unito.it> writes:
> In order to have sequencing I have to send at precise timing messages
> from Python to SC. Obviously, being a musical application, I need
> millisecond time accuracy, with less latency as possible or at least a
> fixed (short) latency. More, I need to have multithreading, with many
> processes sending messages from Python to SC.

You really can't get that kind of accuracy with a non-realtime OS.
The way this is handled in actual audio applications the sound board
has a fair amount of buffering, so you send the right number of
samples and precise scheduling isn't so important.


From aleax at mac.com  Sat Jul  8 12:50:38 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 09:50:38 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7928.1152370716.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hi5esh.1o6cvb11jdtexeN%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7930.1152375584.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hi5hxc.1o5flss1g7htguN%aleax@mac.com>

K.S.Sreeram <sreeram at tachyontech.net> wrote:
   ...
> Alex Martelli wrote:
> > Well then, feel free to code under such assumptions (as long as you're
> > not working on any project in which I have any say:-)
> 
> Hey, I would *never* write code which depends on such intricate
> implementation details! Nonetheless, its good to *know* whats going on
> inside. As they say.. Knowledge is Power!

Since "all abstractions leak" (Spolski), it's indeed worthwhile knowing
what goes on "below" the abstraction (to be wary in advance about such
possible "leaks") -- but studying the sources (and the rich notes that
accompany them) is my favorite approach towards such knowledge!-)


Alex


From kylotan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 11:36:09 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:36:09 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Ray wrote:
> Just that it's a big, huge, humongous pity to see Python keeps missing
> the big thing over and over again. Last time when biotechnology was
> hot, which language became The Language? Perl. Now simple web app is
> hot? It's Ruby.

The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;)
As a general purpose language I don't think it can be beaten, but for
almost any given project of non-trivial size, there seems to always be
one language that has better support for the subject. I frequently find
myself wanting to use Python but being unable to, often due to some
library being unavailable, as in your case.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From skodela at lithium.com  Mon Jul 10 17:31:24 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 21:31:24 +0000
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <1152539958.087449.313400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<1152539958.087449.313400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b2b3e8$1_3@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Hi there

I tried as advised. Now the function gets called only after I hit quit 
button which calls gtk.main_quit() at which point, the ui stays on but 
not responsive, while the fluidsynth runs in the fg, then ui disappears 
as the fluidsynth finishes and presumably the thread dies.


xc = threading.Thread(target=player,args=(midicmd,fmidi,addlog))
xc.start()

def player(mp,fm,callback):
     res=os.system(mp+' '+fm)
     os.remove(fm)
     return

I tried in the player, both os.popen3 and os.system and os.popen3 with 
cmd+' &' and the same with os.system . But all do the same thing.

Any ideas!
Ta
sree
> 
> you can use threads, but try doing it the python way instead of the
> java way. ;-)
> def func(cmd, callback):
>     os.system(cmd)
>     callback()
> xc = threading.Thread(target=func, args=(cmd, callback))
> xc.start()
> 
> 


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:23:52 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:23:52 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97nn9$6g0$1@online.de>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97nn9$6g0$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152890632.892109.61930@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
> > Yet: useful.
>
> Sorry, but SQL does have aliasing.

Well. I suppose we do not have an agreed upon definition
of aliasing, so it is hard to evaluate either way. I would
propose using the same one you used for identity:

if there are two variables and modifying one also modifies
the other, then there is aliasing between them.

I avoided mentioning equality to include, for example,
having an array i that is an alias to a subset of array j.
Please feel free to critque this definition, and/or supply
an alternative.


> E.g. if you have records that have name="John", surname="Doe", the
> statements
>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "John"
> and
>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "Doe"
> are aliases of each other.
>
> The alias is actually in the WHERE clause.

Not by my definition, because there is only one variable here.


> And this *can* get you into
> trouble if you have something that does
>    UPDATE ... WHERE name = "John"
> and
>    UPDATE ... WHERE surname = "Doe"
> e.g. doing something with the Johns, then updating the names of all
> Does, and finally restoring the Johns (but not recognizing that changing
> the names of all Does might have changed your set of Johns).

The fact that some person might get confused about the
semantics of what they are doing does not indicate aliasing.
It is easy enough to do an analysis of your updates and
understand what will happen; this same analysis is impossible
with two arbitrary pointers, unless one has a whole-program
trace. That strikes me as a significant difference.


> Conceptually, this is just the same as having two different access path
> to the same memory cell. Or accessing the same global variable through a
> call-by-reference parameter and via its global name.

There are similarities, but they are not the same.


> BTW with views, you get not just aliasing but what makes aliasing really
> dangerous. Without views, you can simply survey all the queries that you
> are working with and lexically compare table and field names to see
> whether there's aliasing. With views, the names that you see in a
> lexical scope are not enough to determine aliasing.
> E.g. if you use a view that builds upon the set of Johns but aren't
> aware of that (possibly due to abstraction barriers), and you change the
> name field of all Does, then you're altering the view without a chance
> to locally catch the bug. That's just as bad as with any pointer
> aliasing problem.

It is certainly aliasing, but I would not call it "just as bad." There
are
elaborate declarative constraint mechanisms in place, for example.
And the definition of the view itsef is a declarative, semantic
entity. Whereas a pointer is an opaque, semantics-free address.


Marshall



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 16 22:47:50 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:47:50 +1000
Subject: Calling python functions from C
In-Reply-To: <1153082833.366609.204830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153082833.366609.204830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bafa55$1@news.eftel.com>

On 17/07/2006 6:47 AM, robert.differentone at gmail.com wrote:
> Could anybody tell me how to call python modules from C.
> 
> e.g. my Python module :
> def add(a,b)
>         return(a+b)
> 
> How can I call "add.py" from C? Please post any simple example.

I've never contemplated embedding before, but have done some extending. 
Your post made me curious. Here are my expedition notes:

1. Simple example (more elaborate than what you want to do) found in the 
documentation: section 5.3 of the Extending and Embedding Manual. [about 
1 minute]

2. Mucked about getting an executable created. [Windows, tried bcc32 
first, gave up, got mingw's gcc to do it, total about 30 minutes]

This worked:

C:\devel\embed>gcc -mno-cygwin -O -Wall -Ic:\python24\include 
Ic:\python24\PC -c runfunc.c -o runfunc.o
runfunc.c: In function `main':
runfunc.c:6: warning: unused variable `pDict'

C:\devel\embed>gcc -mno-cygwin -s runfunc.o  -Lc:\python24\libs 
-Lc:\python24\PCBuild -lpython24 -lmsvcr71 -o runfunc.exe

3. Created a test file [about 1 minute]

C:\devel\embed>type arith.py
def plus(a, b):
     return a + b

def minus(a, b):
     return a - b

def times(a, b):
     return a * b

4. Some tests [about two minutes]

C:\devel\embed>runfunc
Usage: call pythonfile funcname [args]

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith add 1 2
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'add'
Cannot find function "add"

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith plus 1 2
Result of call: 3

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith minus 1 2
Result of call: -1

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith times 1 2
Result of call: 2

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith times 6 7
Result of call: 42

> 
> I have read Python embedding in Python Manual but I get "ImportError"
> all the time? 

Sorry, my parser throws a syntax error on that; is it meant to be a 
question or a statement?

If you are getting "ImportError" without any following text, something 
is gravely wrong.

If you are getting "ImportError" *with* following text but not divulging 
that text, you are implicitly asking your audience to play guessing 
games. Your audience may have better ways of amusing themselves. At 
best, after one or two desultory attempts they would probably give up.

Here's my first attempt:

C:\devel\embed>runfunc arith.py times 6 7
ImportError: No module named py
Failed to load "arith.py"

Well, am I hot/warm/cold?

> 
>  Any help would be appreciated !

Self-help is often fastest to arrive.

Cheers,
John


From thattommyhall at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 20:10:57 2006
From: thattommyhall at gmail.com (thattommyhallll@gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 17:10:57 -0700
Subject: can anybody explain this range() speedup (with psyco)
Message-ID: <1154045457.367540.98240@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

i am doing the problems at
http://www.mathschallenge.net/index.php?section=project
one problem involved finding factors, i used

def divisors(n):
    divisors = set([1])
    for i in range(1, math.ceil(n ** 0.5)+1):
        if n % i == 0:
            divisors.add(i)
            divisors.add(n/i)
    return divisors

and it took 16s to solve the task, not too bad.
using psyco brought this down to 5s, nice
i tried it in ironpython and got an error in the range() function,
which i corrected by changing it to
for i in range(1, int(n ** 0.5)+1):
and ironpython took 9s.

when i reran this in psyco, i got a 2x speed improvement (down to 2s)

ive just noticed after leaving idle that there is a depreciation
warning about non-int args to range(), but my question is, why can me
bunging a int( ) in there be faster than whatever python does to
non-int args?

where can i get info on performance of algorithms, ideally with ref to
python, etc?
ive got Python Programming:An intro to computer science, but it seems a
bit basic. anybody know of good unis/colleges using python on their com
sci courses?

its nice to look at the forums on the mathschallenge page and see how
python is the sweet spot between concise/readable. ive been tempted by
ruby but it does not scan nearly as well.



From rhymes at myself.com  Mon Jul  3 20:37:15 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 02:37:15 +0200
Subject: Controlling Windows Media Player from Python
References: <mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhxipa.m7kr3g1pkl9toN%rhymes@myself.com>

Jeffrey Barish <jeff_barish at earthlink.net> wrote:

> Is there a way to interact with Windows Media Player from Python?  I would
> like to be able to do things like tell WMP to play a given sound file or to
> ask WMP for metadata about a sound file.

Take a look at pywinauto, I attended the today talk at EP2006 and seemed
really cool. http://pywinauto.pbwiki.com

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  2 13:01:19 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 10:01:19 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6b411$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151829129.546482.314730@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhud5m.1n6n5uoep75w7N%aleax@mac.com>

madpython <madpython at gmail.com> wrote:

> Thanks Alex and Scott for your lead. It would've taken me forever
> trying to figure it out by myself :)
> 
> I am affraid I didn't specify initially one thing and that led to a
> confusion: there is no need to pick an instance from the weakref
> dictionary, just return None if there are already 5 instances. But on
> the other hand if a hardref to an object was deleted, it's place can be
> taken by another one.

And the latter issue is what the use of weakref in both responses was
about.

> Here's what i mean (and where the problem is):
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> #build a list of 5 elements
> instList=[]
> for i in range(7):
>       ainst=A()
>       if ainst:
>               instList.append(ainst)

Note that this is quite sloppy:

-- test "if ainst is None:" -- no excuse to use just "if ainst:"
-- at the end of the loop ainst remains bound -- "del ainst" to avoid
   ainst being an extra reference to the instance

neither of these explains your bug, but -- just tighten up your code,
it's a good idea!-)

> 
> for i in range(5):
>       instList.remove(instList[0]) #here the hardref is deleted

SUPER sloppy!  Just "del instList[0]" for the same effect much better
obtained.

>       ainst=A()
>       while not ainst:
>               #make shure that ainst is not NoneType

Again, "while ainst is None:" would be far better.

>               gc.collect()
>               time.sleep(1)   #wait 1 sec for gc() to clean the memory

Useless, gc.collect() is synchronous *AND* only cleans up CYCLIC garbage
anyway -- unless instances of A have reference loops, both lines are
useless (the sleep is useless in ANY case).

>               ainst=A()       #try again
>       instList.append(ainst) #new object added
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> the priblem is that ~3 out of 10 times the test part run into infinite
> loop because of unsatisfied condition (while not ainst:) - memory
> cannot be freed therefore new instance of A isn't permitted.

Your test code below does NOT do what your code here does!  Instead it
removes (in the worst possible way, rather than cleanly, but, no matter)
a RANDOM reference -- which may happen to be the same as "item" had left
over from the previous run... because of a printing loop that is in your
sample below and not here... which is where the sloppiness catches up on
you.  Specifically, look at this code from the sample that you had
below:

>     #delete and recreate an arbitrary element in the instList
>     for i in range(len(instList)):
>         instList.remove(instList[random.choice(range(len(instList)))])
>         ainst=A()
>         while not ainst:        #here is an unstable part
>             ainst=A()           #sometimes the loop becomes infinite
>             print gc.collect()  #decpite the explicit call for gc() to start
>             time.sleep(1)
>             print "*", len(instList), len(A._weakrefdict)
>         instList.append(ainst)
>         for item in instList:
>             print item.getId()," -- ",item.instCounter
>             #print "-------> ",item
>         print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"

after the printing loop, name 'item' remains bound to the object that is
last element of instList -- so if that one just happens to be the
element you remove in that horrid first line of the main (outer) loop, 5
instances of class A nevertheless remain alive and therefore ainst will
be None forevermore, despite all the useless calls to gc.collect and
sleep.

A decent way to code this functionality would be:

    # delete and recreate an arbitrary element in the instList
    for i in range(len(instList)):
        del instList[random.randrange(len(instList))]
        instList.append(A())
        for item in instList:
            print item.getId()," -- ",item.instCounter
        del item
        print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"

It would be nice to also print len(instList) and the length of the
weakref dictionary of class A, to doublecheck things, but you've made
life extremely hard for yourself by naming the latter with TWO leading
underscores instead of one, thus asking Python to name-mangle it to make
it very inconvenient to access.  Avoid the two-leading-underscores
construct (use just ONE leading underscore -- no mangling, no problems)
unless and until you are positive that you know exactly what you're
doing and are certain that you need the two underscores in a given
specific case -- do *NOT* "default" to using two underscores and make
life uselessly hard for yourself in terms of introspection and
debugging.

And, read up on such issues as "del somelist[index]" being WAY better
than "somelist.remove(somelist[index])" and the way names, references,
objects and garbage collection work in Python...


Alex


From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 28 22:24:19 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 02:24:19 -0000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-28, Timothy Smith <timothy at open-networks.net> wrote:

> i've been trying to send an 8 byte string to my parallel port
> under freebsd. the purpose is it to control a relay board. the
> board simply responds to the output byte coming from the port.
> eg.  00000001 will set pin 1 high and flick the relay open.
> todate i've attempted this with merely open() on /dev/ppi0 and
> numpy for the byte array, but i just can't seem to get it
> working. i know the parallel port works and i know the relay
> board works (tested it with it's own windows ultility) so it's
> just my crappy programming keeping me from success.

I'm guessing there's an implied request for help there
somewhere.  This would be a good start:

  http://www.google.com/search?q=python+parallel+port

I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
module found here:

  http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/

I've not used pyparallel, but based on my experience with
pyserial and some of Chris Liechti's other work, I'd bet
dollars to doughnuts it's your best option.
  
-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  It's so OBVIOUS!!
                                  at               
                               visi.com            


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 12:27:06 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 09:27:06 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >> Marshall schrieb:
> >>> Good point. Perhaps I should have said "relational algebra +
> >>> variables with assignment." It is interesting to consider
> >>> assignment vs. the more restricted update operators: insert,
> >>> update, delete.
> >> Actually I see it the other way round: assignment is strictly less
> >> powerful than DML since it doesn't allow creating or destroying
> >> variables, while UPDATE does cover assignment to fields.
> >
> > Oh, my.
> >
> > Well, for all table variables T, there exists some pair of
> > values v and v', such that we can transition the value of
> > T from v to v' via assignment, but not by any single
> > insert, update or delete.
>
> I fail to see an example that would support such a claim.

variable T : unary relation of int
T = { 1, 2, 3 };  // initialization
T := { 4, 5 };   // assignment

The above transition of the value of T cannot be be
done by any one single insert, update or delete.
Two would suffice, however. (In fact, any assignement
can be modeled at a full delete followed by an insert
of the new value.)


> On the other hand, UPDATE can assign any value to any field of any
> record,

Yes.

> so it's doing exactly what an assignment does.

No. The variable is the table, not the records. Relations are not
arrays.
Records are not lvalues.


> INSERT/DELETE can
> create resp. destroy records, which is what new and delete operators
> would do.
>
> I must really be missing the point.
>
>  > Further, it is my understanding
> > that your claim of row identity *depends* on the restricted
> > nature of DML; if the only mutator operation is assignment,
> > then there is definitely no record identity.
>
> Again, I fail to connect.
>
> I and others have given aliasing examples that use just SELECT and UPDATE.

Sure, but update's semantics are defined in a per-record way,
which is consistent with record identity. Assignment's isn't.


> >> (However, it's usually new+assignment+delete vs. INSERT+UPDATE+DELETE,
> >> at which point there is not much of a difference.)
> >
> > I am not sure what this means. Delete can be expressed in
> > terms of assignment. (As can insert and update.)
>
> INSERT cannot be expressed in terms of assignment. INSERT creates a new
> record; there's no way that assignment in a language like C can create a
> new data structure!
> The same goes for DELETE.

I was intendind to be discussing a hypothetical relation-based
language,
so while I generally agree with you statement about C, I don't see
how it applies.


>  > (Assignment can also be expressed in terms of insert and delete.)
>
> Agreed.
>
> I also realize that this makes it a bit more difficult to nail down the
> nature of identity in a database.

I would propose that variables have identity, and values do not.
In part this is via the supplied definition of identity, in which, when
you change one thing, if something else changes as well, they
share identity. Since one cannot change values, they necessarily
lack identity.


> It's certainly not storage location:
> if you DELETE a record and then INSERT it with the same values, it may
> be allocated somewhere entirely else, and our intuition would say it's
> not "the same" (i.e. not identical).

Well, it would depend on how our intuition had been primed. If it
was via implementation techniques in low level languages, we
might reach a different conclusion than if our intuition was primed
via logical models and relation theory.


> (In a system with OID, it would
> even be impossible to recreate such a record, since it would have a
> different OID. I'm not sure whether this makes OID systems better or
> worse at preserving identity, but that's just a side track.)

OIDs are something of a kludge, and they break set semantics.


> Since intuition gives me ambivalent results here, I'll go back to my
> semiformal definition (and take the opportunity to make it a bit more
> precise):
> Two path expressions (lvalues, ...) are aliases if and only if the
> referred-to values compare equal, and if they stay equal after applying
> any operation to the referred-to value through either of the path
> expressions.

Alas, this leaves me confused. I don't see how a path expression
(in this case, SELECT ... WHERE) can be an l-value. You cannot
apply imperative operations to the result. (Also I think the use
of equality here is too narrow; it is only necessary to show that
two things both change, not that they change in the same way.)

I was under the impression you agred that "i+2" was not
a "path expression". If our hypothetical language lacks record
identity, then I would say that any query is simply an expression
that returns a value, as in "i+2."


> In the context of SQL, this means that identity isn't the location where
> the data is stored. It's also not the values stored in the record -
> these may change, including key data. SQL record identity is local, it
> can be defined from one operation to the next, but there is no such
> thing as a global identity that one can memorize and look up years
> later, without looking at the intermediate states of the store.

Yes, however all of this depends on record identity.


> It's a gross concept, now that I think about it. Well, or at least
> rather alien for us programmers, who are used to taking the address of a
> variable to get a tangible identity that will stay stable over time.

It is certaily alien if one is not used to relation semantics, which
is the default case.


> On the other hand, variable addresses as tangible identities don't hold
> much water anyway.
> Imagine data that's written out to disk at program end, and read back
> in. Further imagine that while the data is read into main memory,
> there's a mechanism that redirects all further reads and writes to the
> file into the read-in copy in memory, i.e. whenever any program changes
> the data, all other programs see the change, too.
> Alternatively, think about software agents that move from machine to
> machine, carrying their data with them. They might be communicating with
> each other, so they need some means of establishing identity
> ("addressing") the memory buffers that they use for communication.

These are exactly why content-based addressing is so important.
Location addressing depends on an address space, and this
concept does not distribute well.


>  > I don't know what "new" would be in a value-semantics, relational
> > world.
>
> It would be INSERT.
>
> Um, my idea of "value semantics" is associated with immutable values.
> SQL with INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE certainly doesn't match that definition.

Sorry, I was vague. Compare, in OOP, the difference between a value
object and a "regular" object.


> So by my definition, SQL doesn't have value semantics, by your
> definition, it would have value semantics but updates which are enough
> to create aliasing problems, so I'm not sure what point you're making
> here...
>
> >> Filters are just like array indexing: both select a subset of variables
> >> from a collection.
> >
> > I can't agree with this wording. A filter produces a collection
> > value from a collection value. I don't see how variables
> > enter in to it.
>
> A collection can consist of values or variables.
>
> And yes, I do think that WHERE is a selection over a bunch of variables
> - you can update records after all, so they are variables! They don't
> have a name, at least none which is guaranteed to be constant over their
> lifetime, but they can be mutated!

We seem to have slipped back from the hypothetical relation language
with only assignement back to SQL.


>  > One can filter either a collection constant or
> > a collection variable; if one speaks of filtering a collection
> > variable, on is really speaking of filtering the collection value
> > that the variable currently contains; filtering is not an operation
> > on the variable as such, the way the "address of" operator is.
> > Note you can't update the result of a filter.
>
> If that's your definition of a filter, then WHERE is not a filter,
> simple as that.

Fair enough! Can you correct my definition of filter, though?
I am still unaware of the difference.


> >> In SQL, you select a subset of a table, in a
> >> programming language, you select a subset of an array.
> >>
> >> (The SQL selection mechanism is far more flexible in the kinds of
> >> filtering you can apply, while array indexing allows filtering just by
> >> ordinal position. However, the relevant point is that both select things
> >> that can be updated.)
> >
> > When you have been saying "select things that can be updated"
> > I have been assuming you meant that one can derive values
> > from variables, and that some other operation can update that
> > variable, causing the expression, if re-evaluated, to produce
> > a different value.
>
> That's what I meant.
>
>  > However the phrase also suggests that
> > you mean that the *result* of the select can *itself* be
> > updated.
>
> The "that" in "things that can be updated" refers to the selected
> things. I'm not sure how this "that" could be interpreted to refer to
> the selection as a whole (is my understanding of English really that bad?)

Your English is extraordinary. I could easily conclude that you
were born in Boston and educated at Harvard, and either have
Germanic ancestry or have simply adopted a Germanic name
out of whimsy. If English is not your native tongue, there is no
way to detect it.

Argh, late for dropping off my daughter at school now. Must run.
Sorry if I was a bit unclear due to being rushed.


Marshall



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 11:34:34 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:34:34 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bpvsaa2vm84a0@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>>
>> range() and xrange() are functions. You are suggesting that 2
>> *functions* should acquire a __contains__ method each? I trust
>> not.
>
> Well, range is a function in the current implementation,
> although its usage is similar to that one would get if it were
> a class, particularly a subclass of list or one providing a
> list-style interface. With such a class, you could provide a
> __contains__ method which could answer the question of what
> the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed by a
> range (in contrast to a normal list).
>
>> Perhaps you meant that the acquisitors should be the objects
>> that those functions return.
>
> The whole point was to avoid expanding the range into a list.

It's unclear what you're referring to as "the range".

Perhaps you're thinking of a slice?  Somethign like

  if  (0:10000).contains(x):

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Make me look like
                                  at               LINDA RONSTADT again!!
                               visi.com            


From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 21 11:23:52 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 15:23:52 -0000
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-21, Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> wrote:
> In message <1153361291.923692.45330 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, gel
> wrote:
>
>> I am attempting to understand threads to use in a network app which I
>> am writing.
>
> It is written, somewhere in the philosophy of *nix programming, that threads
> are a performance hack, to be avoided wherever possible. Use processes in
> preference to threads.

I've never understood the aversion people seem to have to
threads.  Especially in Python they seem very straightforward
to use and easy to understand.  I find IPC between processes is
much more work to do and difficult to get right.

Maybe it's just because threads are what I'm used to, since
I've been using them for 20+ years -- most of the platforms for
which I write don't have "processes".

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  INSIDE, I have the
                                  at               same personality disorder
                               visi.com            as LUCY RICARDO!!


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Fri Jul  7 23:09:56 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 20:09:56 -0700
Subject: python guru for urllib/mechanize
Message-ID: <017301c6a23b$ff775a60$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i'm trying to get the pages from a site "axess.stanford.edu", and i'm
running into problems. i've got some test code that allows me to get the 1st
few pages. i'm having an issue when i run into a page that somehow
interprets a url from a src of a frameset. i can't seem to mimic/implement
this kind of function...

if you have expertise with http/web fetching, i'd appreciate any
thoughts/comments/etc...

i can provide the test code. i'm pretty sure the answer is fairly simple,
but i just can't get my hands around it...

thanks

-bruce



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 12:20:14 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 09:20:14 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153545631.898371.265950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153547636.945964.172020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153585214.761596.194490@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Josiah Manson wrote:
> I just did some timings, and found that using a list instead of a
> string for tok is significantly slower (it takes 1.5x longer). Using a
> regex is slightly faster for long strings, and slightly slower for
> short ones. So, regex wins in both berevity and speed!

I think the list.append method of building strings may only give you
speed improvements when you are adding bigger chunks of strings
together instead of 1 character at a time. also:

http://docs.python.org/whatsnew/node12.html#SECTION0001210000000000000000

"""String concatenations in statements of the form s = s + "abc" and s
+= "abc" are now performed more efficiently in certain circumstances.
This optimization won't be present in other Python implementations such
as Jython, so you shouldn't rely on it; using the join() method of
strings is still recommended when you want to efficiently glue a large
number of strings together. (Contributed by Armin Rigo.)"""

I tested both, and these are my results for fairly large strings:

justin at latitude:/tmp$ python /usr/lib/python2.4/timeit.py -s'import
foo' 'foo.test(foo.breakLine)'
10 loops, best of 3: 914 msec per loop

justin at latitude:/tmp$ python /usr/lib/python2.4/timeit.py -s'import
foo' 'foo.test(foo.breakLineRE)'
10 loops, best of 3: 289 msec per loop

-- 
- Justin



From donn at u.washington.edu  Mon Jul 17 17:16:43 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:16:43 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8257.1153158306.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <donn-114C7F.14164317072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <mailman.8257.1153158306.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:
> tac-tics wrote:
...
>> I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty.
>> Long live dedicated boolean data types.

> Take them off to where they belong!

Tac-tics is right, an empty list is not False.

Anyway, just for some variety, I think (2) is preferrable
to (1), as is the following

  while 1:
    try:
      lst.pop()
    except IndexError:
       break

Rather than blindly apply familiar patterns to our work,
I think everyone would agree that coding style in matters
like this should follow the underlying point of the code.
In this case, the body of the test refers implicitly to
the length of the list, since .pop() -> (list[a], list[:a])
where a is (len(list) - 1)  It's therefore quite appropriate
for the test to be length.

   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


From mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com  Mon Jul 24 09:34:24 2006
From: mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com (mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:34:24 -0700
Subject: _mssql on Python 2.5 Beta 2
Message-ID: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to use the _mssql module from
http://pymssql.sourceforge.net/.  It works fine on Python 2.4.  I've
just installed Python 2.5 Beta 2 on my Linux box and, whenever I try
and run the mssql.close() function, or close the program, I get the
following message:

*** glibc detected *** python2.5: free(): invalid pointer: 0xb7f08320
***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/libc.so.6[0xa68424]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_free+0x77)[0xa6895f]
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_mssql.so[0x7f5d8c]
python2.5[0x8080a72]
python2.5(PyDict_SetItem+0x6c)[0x8080e4c]
python2.5(_PyModule_Clear+0x15d)[0x8083929]
python2.5(PyImport_Cleanup+0x1e5)[0x80d1159]
python2.5(Py_Finalize+0xaf)[0x80dc4c3]
python2.5(Py_Main+0x39d)[0x805646d]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xc6)[0xa19de6]
python2.5[0x8055f89]
======= Memory map: ========
00131000-00175000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 6723934
/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5.4
00175000-0017d000 rwxp 00044000 03:03 6723934
/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5.4
0017d000-0017e000 rwxp 0017d000 00:00 0
001fa000-0023f000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 166172
/usr/local/lib/libsybdb.so.5.0.0
0023f000-00242000 rwxp 00045000 03:03 166172
/usr/local/lib/libsybdb.so.5.0.0
004b7000-004c0000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4124789
/lib/libnss_files-2.3.5.so
004c0000-004c1000 r-xp 00008000 03:03 4124789
/lib/libnss_files-2.3.5.so
004c1000-004c2000 rwxp 00009000 03:03 4124789
/lib/libnss_files-2.3.5.so
0074c000-0075a000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4124807
/lib/libpthread-2.3.5.so
0075a000-0075b000 r-xp 0000d000 03:03 4124807
/lib/libpthread-2.3.5.so
0075b000-0075c000 rwxp 0000e000 03:03 4124807
/lib/libpthread-2.3.5.so
0075c000-0075e000 rwxp 0075c000 00:00 0
0076f000-00778000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127052
/lib/libgcc_s-4.0.2-20051126.so.1
00778000-00779000 rwxp 00009000 03:03 4127052
/lib/libgcc_s-4.0.2-20051126.so.1
007dc000-007dd000 r-xp 007dc000 00:00 0
007f4000-007f8000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 2324725
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_mssql.so
007f8000-007f9000 rwxp 00004000 03:03 2324725
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/site-packages/_mssql.so
007f9000-007fb000 rwxp 007f9000 00:00 0
008b8000-008ba000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127074    /lib/libutil-2.3.5.so
008ba000-008bb000 r-xp 00001000 03:03 4127074    /lib/libutil-2.3.5.so
008bb000-008bc000 rwxp 00002000 03:03 4127074    /lib/libutil-2.3.5.so
009e7000-00a01000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127066    /lib/ld-2.3.5.so
00a01000-00a02000 r-xp 00019000 03:03 4127066    /lib/ld-2.3.5.so
00a02000-00a03000 rwxp 0001a000 03:03 4127066    /lib/ld-2.3.5.so
00a05000-00b29000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127067    /lib/libc-2.3.5.so
00b29000-00b2b000 r-xp 00124000 03:03 4127067    /lib/libc-2.3.5.so
00b2b000-00b2d000 rwxp 00126000 03:03 4127067    /lib/libc-2.3.5.so
00b2d000-00b2f000 rwxp 00b2d000 00:00 0
00b31000-00b33000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127069    /lib/libdl-2.3.5.so
00b33000-00b34000 r-xp 00001000 03:03 4127069    /lib/libdl-2.3.5.so
00b34000-00b35000 rwxp 00002000 03:03 4127069    /lib/libdl-2.3.5.so
00b37000-00b59000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4127073    /lib/libm-2.3.5.so
00b59000-00b5a000 r-xp 00021000 03:03 4127073    /lib/libm-2.3.5.so
00b5a000-00b5b000 rwxp 00022000 03:03 4127073    /lib/libm-2.3.5.so
00b86000-00b95000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4124849
/lib/libresolv-2.3.5.so
00b95000-00b96000 r-xp 0000e000 03:03 4124849
/lib/libresolv-2.3.5.so
00b96000-00b97000 rwxp 0000f000 03:03 4124849
/lib/libresolv-2.3.5.so
00b97000-00b99000 rwxp 00b97000 00:00 0
00b9b000-00bc2000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 4190263
/usr/lib/libreadline.so.5.0
00bc2000-00bc6000 rwxp 00027000 03:03 4190263
/usr/lib/libreadline.so.5.0
00bc6000-00bc7000 rwxp 00bc6000 00:00 0
00c00000-00c01000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 6715661
/usr/lib/gconv/ISO8859-1.so
00c01000-00c03000 rwxp 00000000 03:03 6715661
/usr/lib/gconv/ISO8859-1.so
00c43000-00c46000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 1178681
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/time.so
00c46000-00c48000 rwxp 00002000 03:03 1178681
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/time.so
00c8d000-00c91000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 1178665
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/collections.so
00c91000-00c92000 rwxp 00004000 03:03 1178665
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/collections.so
00d89000-00d97000 r-xp 00000000 03:03 1178660
/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/datetime.so
00d97000-00d9a000Aborted

Any suggestions?
Thanks,
Matt



From anand.chittu at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 22:56:26 2006
From: anand.chittu at gmail.com (Anand)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:56:26 -0700
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
In-Reply-To: <1152123496.791852.63920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7805.1152096173.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152123496.791852.63920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152154586.262684.312250@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> p_code = ''
> for i,k in enumerate(ks):
>     p_code += i*' ' + "for item%s in elts['%s']:\n" %(i,k)
> p_code += len(ks)*' '+'print ['+','.join([ "item%s" %i
>     for i,k in enumerate(ks) ])+']'
>
> # print the code
> print p_code
>
> >for item0 in elts['a']:
> > for item1 in elts['b']:
> >  for item2 in elts['c']:
> >   for item3 in elts['d']:
> >    print [item0,item1,item2,item3]
>
> # execute this code
> exec p_code

This is not very nice. you can use recursion instead of generating
code.

The following solution first divides the given list into groups based
on the first token and computes their cross product using recursion.

def get_groups(x):
    """Groups the elements of the list x using the first token of the
elment.
    All elements are expected of the form "a.n".
    for example:
        >>> get_groups(["a.1", "b.2", "a.2"])
        [["a.1", "a.2"], ["b.1"]]
    """
    groups = {}

    for item in x:
        a, n = item.split('.')

        if a not in groups:
            groups[a] = []

        groups[a].append(item)

    keys = groups.keys()
    keys.sort()

    return [groups[k] for k in keys]

def cross_product(items):
    """
    computes cross product of the list of lists.
    example:
        >>> cross_product([["a", "b"], ["c"]])
        [["a", "b"], ["a", "c"]]
    """
    if not items:
        return [[]]

    x = items[-1]
    result = cross_product(items[:-1])

    return [a + [b] for a in result for b in x]


x = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']

print cross_product(get_groups(x))



From wollez at gmx.net  Wed Jul 26 18:23:33 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 00:23:33 +0200
Subject: subprocess problem on WinXP
In-Reply-To: <1153939068.628699.175030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8566.1153922370.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153933539.990072.23720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8577.1153935232.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153939068.628699.175030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea8q15$bqg$1@sea.gmane.org>

Simon Forman schrieb:
> Wolfgang wrote:
>> Hi Simon,
>>
>> I did not know that library! I'm still new to python and I still have
>> problems to find the right commands.
> 
> Welcome. : )  Python comes with "batteries included".  I'm always
> finding cool new modules myself, and I've been using it for years. In
> fact, I didn't notice the bz2 module until about a week ago.
> 
the main problem is to find out how to use all these nice tools ;-)

> 
> Read the docs.  There seems to be api for (de)compressing both
> "streams" of data and whole files.

Understanding the docs is the next issue!  for example the subprocess 
module: there is startupinfo=None, creationflags=0 but absolutely no 
details what flags are valid! I suppose these values are passed through 
without any checking and for a stupid user (like me) it is impossible to 
find out how to use this.

> 
> I don't know about performance, as I've never tried to use the module
> before, but I would bet that it's good.  It almost certainly uses the
> same bzip2 library as the bzip2 program itself and it avoids the
> overhead of creating a new process for each file.
> 
> But if you're in doubt (and performance really matters for this
> application) test and measure it.

I've read about measuring the performance somewhere in the mailing list 
but I doubt that I can implement an algorithm without knowing the file 
structure of the (to be compressed) files.

I will test your script tomorrow (but my one is running for more than an 
hour now (on 16GB of data)


Cheers
Wolfgang



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul  4 18:33:17 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 08:33:17 +1000
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode
	for it).
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.09.28.554736@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.15.09.28.554736@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <44aaecab$1@news.eftel.com>

On 5/07/2006 1:09 AM, Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Mon, 03 Jul 2006 06:20:36 -0700, Vusi wrote:
> 
>> /* $Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $ */
>> /*
>>  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 David Young.  All rights reserved.
>>  *
>>  * This code was written by David Young.
> 
> [snip code]
> 
> Am I the only one who found it hilarious that this piece of code was made
> up of 24 lines of actual code (including lines containing only a single
> brace) but 29 lines of legalise?
> 
> 

You're not alone. The program itself is as risible as the request for it 
to be analysed ... its ratio of overhead to functionality is exceeded 
only by the legendary IEFBR14.


From hitesh287 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 14:23:56 2006
From: hitesh287 at gmail.com (Hitesh Joshi)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 11:23:56 -0700
Subject: Is there any better way to approach this problem?
Message-ID: <1153333436.843430.197310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am newbie python dude. I need few hints.

 I created a DB table with following fields
UserID(PK), TimeStamp, Version, IP, Port

I need to insert these info from this .log file and the log file has
lines like following with some junk garbase like "attempt using client
software " I need to get rid of that.

10:03:54.527 (01) - User (xxx123) login attempt using client software
version (1.0.1.1) from IP (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) port (xxxx)

Create a while 1 loop, read line from file.. disect line and insert
'stuff' into those variables and then run a query from inside the
python to insert data... and do this untill EOF...
Is there any better way to approach this problem?

so if I have variable , let's say, TimeStamp, UserID, Version,
IPAddress and  PortNum.. how can I disect this line and insert into
this variable? 

Thank you,
hj



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul  4 11:54:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:54:40 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aa8f41$0$12745$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Roman wrote:
(please dont top-post - corrected)
> 
> Iain King wrote:
> 
>>Roman wrote:
>>
>>>I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
>>>the following snipet:
>>>
(snip)

>>What are you trying to do here?  p[:0]  returns a new list, of all the
>>elements in p up to element 0 (which is of course the empty list),
>>which is then appended to, but is not stored anywhere.  If you want to
>>insert str(col) then use p.insert
>>
>>
>>Iain
> 
> 
> Thanks for your help
> 
> My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file. So, I
> would like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).

csv = [
   ['L0C0', 'L0C1', 'L0C2'],
   ['L1C0', 'L1C1', 'L1C2'],
   ['L2C0', 'L2C1', 'L2C2'],
 ]

matrix = [[[] for l in range(len(csv))] for c in range(len(csv[0]))]

for numline, line in enumerate(csv):
    for numcol, col in enumerate(line):
        matrix[numcol][numline] = col

assert matrix == [
   ['L0C0', 'L1C0', 'L2C0'],
   ['L0C1', 'L1C1', 'L2C1'],
   ['L0C2', 'L1C2', 'L2C2']
 ]

NB : There are probably more elegant solutions.

> I have made the following changes and it still doesn't work.

"doesn't work" is the worst possible description of a problem...

(snip)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From manuhack at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 02:18:34 2006
From: manuhack at gmail.com (manuhack)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:18:34 -0700
Subject: write()
Message-ID: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I copied the lines

f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
print f
f.close()

from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
directory" '/tmp/workfile'

Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
Thanks.  Without / I can open it.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 11:18:31 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:18:31 +0200
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8e0s3$qn8$1@sea.gmane.org>

mart.franklin at gmail.com wrote:

> ## just for a laugh my own zip function
> ## the joke is it runs faster than built in zip ??

since it doesn't do the same thing, it's not a very good joke.

> def myzip(*args):
>     index = 0
>     for elem in args[0]:
>         zipper = []
>         for arg in args:
>             zipper.append(arg[index])
>         index = index +1
>         yield zipper

</F>



From exarkun at divmod.com  Thu Jul  6 12:46:33 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:46:33 -0400
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <20060706164633.29014.1152469532.divmod.quotient.25035@ohm>

On Thu, 6 Jul 2006 09:36:25 -0700, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
>Basically I am trying to find a high performance web server. Since
>Python is installed on all of the servers, It'll be great if the web
>server is written in Python as well. Otherwise, I will have to install
>lighttpd or other web servers.
>
>Then the largest issue with Python-based web servers is performance.
>That's why I start to look into medusa or twisted-based servers. Twisted
>seems too big and complicated for what I really want to do and the
>original medusa web server only has very basic functionality.

Even though it may seem that way, it really isn't.  Keep in mind that
since you're only looking for a web server, 90% of Twisted won't even
come into play for you.  If you want, you can even install *only* the
webserver (of course, unless you're on an embedded platform where disk
space is at a premium there's not really much point).

A bigger problem, I reckon, is that twisted.web doesn't support FastCGI
and twisted.web2 is still a moving target.

You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.

Jean-Paul


From dadapapa at googlemail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:59:01 2006
From: dadapapa at googlemail.com (Harold Fellermann)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 06:59:01 -0700
Subject: ScientificPython - LeastSquareFit diverges
Message-ID: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Dear all,

I am trying to fit a powerlaw to a small dataset using
Scientific.Functions.LeastSquares fit.
Unfortunately, the algorithm seems to diverge and throws an
OverflowException.
Here is how I try it:
>>> from Scientific.Functions.LeastSquares import leastSquaresFit
>>>
>>> data = [
...     (2.5, 589.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (7.5, 442.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (12.5, 96.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (17.5, 36.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (22.5, 16.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (27.5, 7.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (32.5, 6.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (37.5, 3.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (42.5, 3.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (47.5, 1.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (52.5, 3.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (57.5, 1.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (67.5, 1.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (77.5, 2.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (82.5, 1.0, 0.10000000000000001),
...     (87.5, 2.0, 0.10000000000000001)
... ]
>>>
>>> def powerlaw((a,b),x) :
...     return a*x**b
...
>>> params,chisq = leastSquaresFit(powerlaw,(10,-3),data)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Scientific/Functions/LeastSquares.py",
line 72, in leastSquaresFit
    next_chi_sq, next_alpha = _chiSquare(model, next_p, data)
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Scientific/Functions/LeastSquares.py",
line 22, in _chiSquare
    f = model(parameters, point[0])
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in powerlaw
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Scientific/Functions/FirstDerivatives.py",
line 182, in __rpow__
    return pow(other, self)
  File
"/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Scientific/Functions/FirstDerivatives.py",
line 171, in __pow__
    raise OverflowError, "Numerical result of pow(%s,%s) out of range."
% (self.value,other.value-1)
OverflowError: Numerical result of pow(2.5,8376.79243687) out of range.
>>>


I added some debugging output in
/usr/lib/python-2.4/site-packages/Scientifc/Functions/LeastSquares.py
in the function _chiSquare that prints the fit parameters during the
Levenberg-Marquardt iteration.
The procedure seems do diverge after the first step:

((10, [1]), (-3, [0, 1]))
[(-67402.311817579117, [1]), (8377.7924368716158, [0, 1])]

Note that I could easily fit the above data using gnuplots internal
fitting procedure. Any idea what is going wrong here? Is it a known
problem? Are there any work arounds or other packages?

Any help is appreciated!

- harold -



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:38:29 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:38:29 -0600
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <R-udnW5zD_heRCzZnZ2dnUVZ_qudnZ2d@comcast.com>

Terry Reedy wrote:
> "Gregory Guthrie" <guthrie at mum.edu> wrote in message 
> news:1152465029_31209 at sp6iad.superfeed.net...
>>   - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says 
>> len(w).
> 
> Consider
>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
> [3, 3, 2, 1]
> 
> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).

For all the doubters out there, here's an example you can't really 
rewrite with a list comprehension::

     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
     ['aaa', 'bb', 'c']
     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=len)
     ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']

If len() were a method of string objects, you could try using the 
unbound method and writing this as::

     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=str.len)
     ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']

But then your code would break on lists that weren't strings.

STeVe


From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 15:35:34 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 12:35:34 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <D%xpg.170$9a3.118@trnddc07>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<D%xpg.170$9a3.118@trnddc07>
Message-ID: <1151782534.330553.194670@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

LittlePython wrote:
> Does this require a ssh client or server?
>
> I use authpf to open up my  PF firewall for internet use. Generally I just
> open up putty and make a connection to the FW ( which open the ports) and
> minize it till I am done. When I close putty authpf losses the ssh session
> heartbeat and will then instruct the FW to close the ports. I would love to
> write a simple client to do this form me instead of using putty. Do you
> think these mods would work for me on a windows platform?
>
> Thx

Pexpect needs a POSIX system. However, you can use Cygwin.

>From the website, "Pexpect does not currently work on the standard
Windows Python (see the pty requirement); however, it seems to work
fine using Cygwin."



From koara at atlas.cz  Tue Jul 25 17:59:28 2006
From: koara at atlas.cz (koara)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 14:59:28 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
In-Reply-To: <1153781631.376605.208850@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153748542.337657.48640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153781631.376605.208850@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153864767.944834.291280@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello again John -- your hack/fix seems to work. Thanks a lot, now
let's hope timbot will indeed be here shortly with a proper fix =)



From just at xs4all.nl  Sat Jul  8 16:03:29 2006
From: just at xs4all.nl (Just)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 22:03:29 +0200
Subject: The Split String Function - How to preserve whitespace?
References: <1152388538.357689.143690@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <just-894340.22032908072006@news1.news.xs4all.nl>

In article <1152388538.357689.143690 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 "daftspaniel at gmail.com" <daftspaniel at gmail.com> wrote:

> I am trying to scan the lines in the string text:
>         lines = text.split('\n')
> 
> seemed to do the job but has the side effect of stripping the
> whitespace. As I am reading Python source in this text and checking
> identation this is a bit annoying :-)
> 
> How can I stop this happening? Doesn't look like an option from the
> documents. Do I have to use a regexp (scary unchartered stuff for
> me...)?

   >>> "a\nb\nc\n".splitlines(True)
   ['a\n', 'b\n', 'c\n']

Just


From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 15:11:24 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 12:11:24 -0700
Subject: sys.modules and __main__ obscureness
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8239.1153076575.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153075155.945985.261960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8239.1153076575.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153077084.782093.153840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


K.S.Sreeram wrote:
> Fuzzyman wrote:
> > This code behaves differently when entered into an interactive
> > interpreter session. When run as a program you will see that module and
> > namespace have both become None !!
>
> Thats because the reference count to the current '__main__' module goes
> to 0, and the module object gets deleted along with its globals 'module'
> and 'namespace'. The code keeps working because the codeobject is
> retained by the interpreter.
>
> To make it work, simply retain a reference to the existing module,
> before overwriting with the new module.
>
> sys.blahblah = sys.modules['__main__']
> sys.modules['__main__'] = module
>
> [sreeram;]

That was a quick response. :-)

Thanks very much.

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

>
>
> --------------enigF3B976014D166081569F1C89
> Content-Type: application/pgp-signature
> Content-Disposition: inline;
> 	filename="signature.asc"
> Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature
> X-Google-AttachSize: 253



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:51:23 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:51:23 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <44a8d607$0$12746$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a8d607$0$12746$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1151916683.475321.237580@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Psyco does some JIT compiling of Python, supposedly making it faster.
You do need to think a bit, however, beforehand.
If you really thing that the "speed" of execution is important for your
application, a scripting language such as python may be the wrong tool.
 A language such as C++ or Java which is designed to be a compiled
language can be optimized much faster than python because they impose
more rules.

Some more information about what you intend to do with python may help
us guide you better.  If its hardcore matrix multiplication, Numpy and
its derivates may help speed your code up.

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> . wrote:
> > What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?
>
> Please define "fast".
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:27:03 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:27:03 -0700
Subject: PIL - Transparency Nightmares
Message-ID: <1152545217.095160.254910@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to make a simple script which attaches watermarks to every
image in one directory and saves the output image to another. However,
while I understand (in theory at least) what I need to be doing, I
can't figure out where to go from here.

First of all, I have a watermark image and a list of small images
around 120px squared. The watermark uses alpha transparency, so the
background is transparent and the anti-aliased text is partially
transparent. For each image, I crop the watermark to the same size as
the image. Now all I need to do is paste the watermark over the old
image with respect to its transparency.

I've tried Image.blend(), Image.composite(), and im.paste(), but none
of them seem to do exactly what I want. What am I missing here?



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul 17 14:11:50 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 20:11:50 +0200
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>
	<1153109279.370246.302220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8247.1153135280.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.17.18.11.49.601985@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8247.1153135280.27775.python-list at python.org>, Steve Holden
wrote:

>> Why are you compiling a package that is already built for you?
>> 
> I'm quessing because (s)he wants to test programs on less recent 
> versions of Python. Ubuntu 5.10 was already up to Python 2.4.2, so I 
> can't imagine there's anything older on Ubuntu 6.06.

There's a `python2.3` package with version 2.3.5 and a `python2.2` with
version 2.2.3 in it.  All of them can be installed side by side.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 20:36:47 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 17:36:47 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153787807.289583.112390@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> ok. indeed i did do '' instead of ' '.
> here is an example of a message
> 'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
>
> tohex gave me '53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63
> 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76
> 6f 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58'

It may well have given you that, but *NOT* from the 'STXetcetc' string
you quote above.

>
> this is the login message (message type 200)

Perhaps you might consider giving examples of some other message
type(s) e.g. ones that have more data and less possibly sensitive info
than what are presumably usernames and passwords.

>
> i will try out your code sample when i get to work in the morning.

Do you actually have documentation of the individual fields in each
message type (like what is the maximum length of each of those
NUL-padded text fields in the login message")?
How many different message types are there?
Note that given a reasonably well laid out soft copy of the docs for
each message type, it would be quite within reason to write a fairly
short script to *generate* correct legible runnable Python code ...
it's scarcely a novel concept.

Cheers,
John



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 07:39:06 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:39:06 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153302893.393833.77570@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bdf684$0$12447$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153302893.393833.77570@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be19db$0$18444$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Kay Schluehr wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Sanjay wrote:
>>
>>>Hi Alex,
>>>
>>>Thanks for the input.
>>>
>>>Being new to Python, and after having selected Python in comparison to
>>>ruby (Turbogears vs Rails) , is jerks me a bit. In my openion it should
>>>be an obvious and easy to implement feature and must be, if not already
>>>have been, planned in future releases of Python.
>>>
>>>Would love to listen to others.
>>
>>I've never had a use case for this kind of feature in the past seven years.
> 
> 
> Interesting. Are there other use cases you did not have too?
> 
Probably quite a lot, why ?-)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 14:14:31 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 20:14:31 +0200
Subject: instances
In-Reply-To: <44B7D44E.60400@nren.nasa.gov>
References: <44B7D44E.60400@nren.nasa.gov>
Message-ID: <e98muc$krf$1@sea.gmane.org>

Quenton Bonds wrote:

> I am trying to understand the abilities and limitation of creating an 
> instance.  First I will give you my understanding then please steer me 
> in the right direction.
> 
> Abiities
> 1.  The two ways to create an instance is def method(self) & 
> __int__(self, other, instances,...)
> 2.  By creating an instance of a method; the functions of that method 
> can be used through out the
>    program in a fashion such as self.methodofprogram(parameters)
> Limitations
> 3.  One cannot create an instance of a class.
> 4.  An instance can only perform functions that are provided from the 
> method it was instanced from.
> 
> 5.  Is there any other key information I am missing.

most of it, really.  or maybe you've just mixed all the words up.

I suggest reading the "gentle introduction to classes" found here:

     http://pytut.infogami.com/node11-baseline.html

(this is a proposed addition to the python tutorial; comments are welcome)

</F>



From apexi.200sx at hotmail.co.uk  Tue Jul 25 04:47:33 2006
From: apexi.200sx at hotmail.co.uk (apexi.200sx at hotmail.co.uk)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 01:47:33 -0700
Subject: Any tips/comments on my code sample
Message-ID: <1153817253.807485.291010@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Just wondering if anyone could give me advice on handling potential
error conditions in python, it seems that exceptions are used alot more
for this stuff than in other languages.

I have provided a code sample giving an example of a first attempt at
using them (in python anyway) and also I have given an example of using
the logging module I intend to use to replace all the print
statements... it seems hassle to set up, but I think logging can
provide good flexibility. - just wondering if you could give comments
on my use of exceptions and the logging module (and my code in general
as i'm a relative newbie), and whether the logging module can handle
the case where you have threaded code (handling file locking on the log
files etc.)

Cheers

def Configure_Logging():
    print "configuring logging"
    logger = logging.getLogger("CT_Deploy")
    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
    formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(levelname)-8s -
%(name)s - %(message)s")
    ch.setFormatter(formatter)
    logger.addHandler(ch)

    logger.debug("Logging configured")


def Do_DB_Stuff(deplo_num):

    logger = logging.getLogger("CT_Deploy_logger.Do_DB_Stuff")

    sql_list = ["alter table deplo_%s move tablespace MAP" % deplo_num,
                "create index deplo_%s_esz on deplo_%s(esz) tablespace
cadidx" % (deplo_num, deplo_num),
                "analyze table deplo_%s estimate statistics for all
columns" % deplo_num]

    db_list =   ["db1", "db2", "db3", "db4"]

    for db in db_list:
        try:
            #connect_string = "usr/pass@%s" % db
            #conn  = cx_Oracle.connect(connect_string)
            #cur = conn.cursor()
            print "\n\nConnected to %s..." % db
        except cx_Oracle.DatabaseError:
            print "\n\nUnable to connect to %s" % db
            continue

        try:
            try:
                for sql in sql_list:
                    #cur.execute(sql % CT_deplo_num)
                    print "\tSuccess: executing '%s' against %s" %
(sql, db)
            except cx_Oracle.DatabaseError:
                print "\tFailure: executing '%s' against %s" % (sql,
db)
                print "\tROLLING BACK..."
                conn.rollback()
            else:
                conn.commit()
        finally:
            cur.close()
            conn.close()

def main():
    Configure_Logging()
    deplo_num = raw_input("please enter deplo num...")
    Do_DB_Stuff(deplo_num)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()



From google0 at lazytwinacres.net  Thu Jul 27 06:34:52 2006
From: google0 at lazytwinacres.net (google0 at lazytwinacres.net)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 03:34:52 -0700
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute,
	seconds string to integer
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153996492.510859.292450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> google0 at lazytwinacres.net wrote:
> > I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
> > searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
> > reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
> > open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
> > "hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
> > converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
> > something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
> > perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
> > Thanks,
> >     --dang
>
> Have you considered time.strptime()?
>
> BTW, your function, given "00:00:00" will return 0 -- you may well have
> trouble distinguishing that from False (note that False == 0), without
> resorting to ugliness like:
>
>     if result is False ...
>
> Instead of returning False for some errors and letting int() raise an
> exception for others, I would suggest raising ValueError yourself for
> *all* invalid input.
>
> You may wish to put more restrictions on the separators ... I would be
> suspicious of cases where dms[2] != dms[5]. What plausible separators
> are there besides ":"? Why allow alphabetics? If there's a use case for
> "23h59m59s", that would have to be handled separately. Note that
> "06-12-31" could be a date, "12,34,56" could be CSV data.
>
> Cheers,
> John

Good point about 0/False.  I don't think it would have bitten me in my
current program, given my expected (and filtered) inputs, but I might
have reused it in the future, and been bitten later.

I had looked at the time module, but apparently not long enough.
This does the trick:

def dms2int(dms):
    int(time.mktime(time.strptime("2000-01-01 %s" % dms, "%Y-%m-%d
%H:%M:%S")))

I only need the minutes, but can work with seconds.  The only downside
is that I'm hardcoding an arbitrary date, but I can deal with that.

Thanks for your help, John!
    --dang



From jarausch at igpm.rwth-aachen.de  Tue Jul 11 06:33:30 2006
From: jarausch at igpm.rwth-aachen.de (Helmut Jarausch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 12:33:30 +0200
Subject: How to terminate a main script?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8009.1152606186.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>
	<mailman.8009.1152606186.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44B37E7A.7020701@igpm.rwth-aachen.de>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Helmut Jarausch wrote:
> 
>> Using sys.exit(0) produces an error
>> message which looks dangerous to an
>> uninitiated user.
> 
> sys.exit(0) doesn't print anything at all.

Yes, sorry, I was trying in in 'idle'
There you get
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in -toplevel-
     sys.exit(0)
SystemExit: 0


-- 
Helmut Jarausch

Lehrstuhl fuer Numerische Mathematik
RWTH - Aachen University
D 52056 Aachen, Germany


From gherron at islandtraining.com  Mon Jul 17 20:48:28 2006
From: gherron at islandtraining.com (Gary Herron)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:48:28 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
In-Reply-To: <1153179059.020769.188980@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1153178814.350091.314150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153179059.020769.188980@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BC2FDC.3000605@islandtraining.com>

py_genetic wrote:
> py_genetic wrote:
>   
>> mtbeedee at gmail.com wrote:
>>     
>>> py_genetic wrote:
>>>       
>>>> How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
>>>> example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
>>>> this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
>>>> python.  Thanks.
>>>>         
>>> This might do it...
>>>
>>>       
>>>>>> print eval.__doc__
>>>>>>             
>>> eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
>>>
>>> Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
>>> The source may be a string representing a Python expression
>>> or a code object as returned by compile().
>>> The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mappping,
>>> defaulting to the current globals and locals.
>>> If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
>>>       
>> For example each time this line is interpreted I would like to use the
>> new value of the state var which is a global var.  How can I force
>> state to be identified and used in this string.
>>
>> r_table = h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records
>>
>> r_table = eval("h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records") ??
>> r_table = h5file.root.eval("state")_raw_records.neg_records ?? eval is
>> not a part of root
>>
>> dont think either of these is very logical? Any ideas?  Possibly the
>> parser mod?
>>     
>
> Got it!
>
> tmp = "h5file.root."+state+"_raw_records.pos_records"
> r_table = eval(tmp)
>
> works great thanks for the help!
>   
Yes, it works, but this is not a good place to use eval. Now that we see
how you want to use it, we can find a *much* better way to do it.

If you want to lookup an attribute of an object, but the attribute name
is a string in a variable, then use getattr to do the lookup.

If in interpret your code correctly:

attrname = state + "_raw_records"
obj = getattr(h5file.root, attrname)
r_table = obj.pos_records

These, of course, could be combined into a single (but not necessarily
clearer) line.

Gary Herron



From me at jonbowlas.com  Mon Jul 31 05:54:36 2006
From: me at jonbowlas.com (Jonathan Bowlas)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:54:36 +0100
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
Message-ID: <024e01c6b487$54f90b70$73602452@bowlas>

Thanks Bruno, I'll use this.

 

Much appreciated.

 

Jon

 

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+info=jonbowlas.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+info=jonbowlas.com at python.org] On Behalf Of
Bruno Desthuilliers
Sent: 31 July 2006 10:37
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: [OT]Newbie help - test for data type

 

Jonathan Bowlas wrote:

> Hi Listers,

> 

> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this

> is possible in python?

> 

> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form

> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one

> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox
is

> passed as a list. 

 

You should have posted this on Zope's mailing-list.

 

<OT>

There's a mechanism in Zope to handle this case, cf section "Passing

Parameters to Scripts" in:

http://www.zope.org/Documentation/Books/ZopeBook/2_6Edition/DTML.stx/Scripti
ngZope.stx

 

The mechanism is based on 'decorating' forms fields names with type

annotation. In you case, this would look like:

 

<form name='xxx' action='yyy' method='POST'>

<tal:repeat repeat="code deptcodes">

  <input type="checkbox" name='selecteddeptcodes:list' value=''

         tal:attribute="value code" />

</tal:repeat>

<!-- rest of the form here -->

</form>

 

</OT>

 

HTH

 

 

 

-- 

bruno desthuilliers

python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for

p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"

-- 

http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

 

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From paul at subsignal.org  Mon Jul 24 13:03:56 2006
From: paul at subsignal.org (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?paul_k=F6lle?=)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:03:56 +0200
Subject: Type signature
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.22.22.15.30.2213@gmx.net>
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.22.22.15.30.2213@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <ea2udj$ugb$1@sea.gmane.org>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yacao Wang
> wrote:
> 
>> However, type signatures are not only a kind of information provided for
>> the compiler, but also for the programmer, or more important, for the
>> programmer. Without it, we have to "infer" the return type or required
>> agument types of a function, and this can't be done without seeing the
>> implementation of it,
> 
> That's what documentation is meant for.  If you are forced to look at the
> implementation, the documentation is bad.
I think the OP refers to reading the *code*, the documentation might not
exist (yet). Sometimes I feel python is easier to write than to read and
 missing argument type declarations (just for documentation purposes)
are  IMHO one reason. Another are missing (optional) argument type
checks at runtime. Something like WrongArgumentType exceptions instead
of rather unspecific AttributeError from deep inside the code would be
very convenient.

Yes docstrings are nice but sometimes a simple:

foo(int:param1, string:param2) is way better than:

foo(param1, param2):
  """
  @type param1: integer
  @type parame2: string
  """

cheers
 Paul



From ddvlad at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 04:58:29 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 01:58:29 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
Message-ID: <1151830709.064844.212860@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I would like to learn web scripting with Python (sure, everyone uses
PHP, but I don't like the syntax and Python is more general-purpose
and... well, I guess you people know the advantages better than me).
Where can I get a thorough introduction to both CGI and using Python
for CGI? That includes installing my own web server (at home, for
testing) and starting from scratch (by that I mean I have near null
experience with CGI).

I have tried looking through the source code of MoinMoin, but it's just
too advanced for me -- I simply don't know where to start. Right now,
I'll take any and all suggestions. However, please suggest books or
articles that are up-to-date on Python programming; I'd hate to see
that I'm studying obsolete texts or the like.

Thanks in advance,
Vlad

--
If I make any mistake, be it regarding English or Usenet, do point it
out to me. Thank you.



From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 13:39:12 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 10:39:12 -0700
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <1153417151.984489.230880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Use __slots__ they will simply give you an error. But at the same time
I don't think they are inheritable and in general you should only use
slots for performance reasons (even then test before using).

Or you could also simulate a __slots__ mechanism the way you are doing
i.e. checking the attributes yourself. But I would suggest though that
you create a test case (unittest) and run testing _separately_ from
your code. Your code should do only what it does, too many  "if i
messed: up warn me" or "need to make sure I don't have extra
attributes" checks would make the code itself incomprehnsible over time
as half of it would end up being just checks for exceptional
situations. So spend 5 minutes to look up
http://pyunit.sourceforge.net/ and then in the long run your effort to
implement testing will be rewarded.

Nick V.



Matthew Wilson wrote:
> I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
> update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:
>
>     In [5]: class some_class(object):
>        ...:      def __init__(self, a=None):
>        ...:          self.a = a
>        ...:
>
>     In [6]: c = some_class(a=1)
>
>     In [7]: c.a
>     Out[7]: 1
>
>     In [8]: c.A = 2
>
> I meant to update c.a but I created a new c.A.  I make this mistake
> probably hourly.
>
> I suspect adding attributes at run time can be a beautiful thing, but in
> this particular instance, I'm only using this feature to hurt myself.
>
> I wrote a simple class that will warn me when I make this mistake in the
> future:
>
>     import warnings
>
>     class C(object):
>
>         warn_on_new_attributes = True
>
>         standard_attributes = []
>
>         def __setattr__(self, name, value):
>
>             if self.warn_on_new_attributes \
>                 and name is not 'warn_on_new_attributes' \
>                 and name not in self.standard_attributes:
>
>                 warnings.warn("%s has no standard attribute %s."
>                               % (self.__class__.__name__, name))
>
>
>             self.__dict__[name] = value
>
>
>     class C1(C):
>
>         standard_attributes = ['a1', 'a2']
>
>
>     class C2(C):
>
>         warn_on_new_attributes = False
>
>     # Do some simple testing.
>     c11 = C1()
>     c11.a1 = 1
>     c11.a2 = 2
>     c11.a3 = 3
>     c11.a4 = 4
>
>     # Disable warnings for this instance.
>     c12 = C1()
>     c12.warn_on_new_attributes = False
>     c12.a1 = 1
>     c12.a2 = 2
>     c12.a3 = 3
>     c12.a4 = 4
>
>     c11.a5 = 5
>
>     # Use an object that has warnings disabled by default.
>     c2 = C2()
>     c2.a1 = 1
>     c2.a2 = 2
>     c2.a3 = 3
>     c2.a4 = 4
>
>     # enable warnings for this object.
>     c2.warn_on_new_attributes = True
>     c2.a1 = 1
>     c2.a5 = 5
>
>
> All comments are welcome.  Is there a better way of implementing the
> above class, OR, is this approach generally wrong-headed?  Am I the only
> one that makes this mistake?
>
> TIA
>
> --
> A better way of running series of SAS programs:
> http://overlook.homelinux.net/wilsonwiki/SasAndMakefiles



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 10:08:25 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 07:08:25 -0700
Subject: HTPPD eror on red hot linux
References: <1151930223.394490.256960@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151935705.871387.169720@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Ever read "Flowers for Algernon"? Just curious...

donxfabio wrote:
> Help me
>
> Syntax error on line 189 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
> Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_unique_id.so into server:
> /etc/httpd/modules/mod_unique_id.so: ELF file's phentsize not the
> expected size
>  Whats this?



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 03:23:22 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:23:22 +0200
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute,
	seconds string to integer
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.27.07.23.21.839401@gmx.net>

In <1153970281.791627.296400 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, John Machin
wrote:

> You may wish to put more restrictions on the separators ... I would be
> suspicious of cases where dms[2] != dms[5]. What plausible separators
> are there besides ":"? Why allow alphabetics? If there's a use case for
> "23h59m59s", that would have to be handled separately.

Looking at the subject I would expect to be able to give 76?04'54" as
argument.  Hm, but degrees don't map directly to hours!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From ciccio at unical.it  Fri Jul 21 03:20:51 2006
From: ciccio at unical.it (ciccio at unical.it)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:20:51 +0200
Subject: capture the output
Message-ID: <1153466451.44c0805346d5e@webmail.unical.it>



On 7/19/06, ciccio at unical.it <ciccio at unical.it> wrote:


On 7/19/06, ciccio at unical.it <ciccio at unical.it> wrote:


Dear all,

I'm executing a program by os.spawnv() function. However the program print out 
several things. I would to capture this output, but I don't know how.
Could you give me a suggestion?

Thank you

Ernesto

Hi Ernesto

could you use popen2 or are you bound to os.spawnv?

- Unfortunately I cannot use functions calling the cmd.exe. My operating system
is windows

Hmm can you elaborate on this, it works perfectly on my XP.

-  In reality It works also on my XP, but my application is a web application
and thus I have not all permissions and in particular the permission to run cmd.exe.

from os import popen2
dummy, stdout = popen2("prog")
stdout.readlines

and why not put this into a thread?

- Because I don't know how...

That was just an idea, does not matter for now. 
Ciao
Roberto

Anyway thank you

Ernesto



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From jes at nl.demon.net  Thu Jul 13 02:02:22 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 06:02:22 -0000
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
References: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bbofei9iiffa7@corp.supernews.com>

In article <1152752982.418243.236590 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
Wesley Henwood <wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com> wrote:
>To capture output from python scripts run from a C++ app I've added the
>following code at the beggening of the C++ app:
>
>PyRun_SimpleString("import grabber");
>PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
>PyRun_SimpleString("class a:\n\tdef
>write(self,s):\n\t\tograbber.grab(s)\n");
>PyRun_SimpleString("import sys\nsys.stderr=a()\nsys.stdout=a()");
>
>Its hard to read that way, here's what it expands to:
>import grabber
>import sys
>class a:
>    def write(self, s)
>        grabber.grab(s)
>
>grabber is a C++ extension, the grab function prints displays the
>captured text in a Windows app.  After running about 450+ scripts in a
>row, I get "IOError Errno 24 Too many open files."
>
>I've searched this group and the net and determined that stderr and
>stdout may open files, is that correct?  If so would each running of a
>script be opening new files related to stderr and stdout and not
>closing them?  I'm just guessing.

I'm guessing, but it sounds like perhaps you're creating an object which has
an open file handle for output for each script that's run. When the
script finishes, if that object still exists, it will keep a file
handle open and eventually you'll hit the system limit on open file
handles for one process. 

It's also possible that your C++ app is the one which is failing to
close file handles created for running the scripts - there's no easy
way to tell from the information posted. 

You need to examine carefully what happens to any stdin/stdout/stderr
files which are created to execute scripts and ensure that they are
all properly closed (or, in the case of Python, if you don't
explicitly close them, that any references to the files cease to exist
after the script runs). I'd personally recommend explicit closing
here.




-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 25 01:27:49 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 07:27:49 +0200
Subject: Python Stripped CSS Background Image Calls
References: <1153800112.281524.171410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.05.27.49.707513@gmx.net>

In <1153800112.281524.171410 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, JenAsh wrote:

> In my python file I have several css calls--they all works except for
> the background image CSS call.
> 
> .mystyle { background-image:
> url(http://www.mysite.com/images/background.gif); }
> 
> When I try to view it in the browser the code is somehow stripped. I
> only get the following:
> 
> .mystyle { }
> 
> How can I get Python to ignore the codes? Sort of like cdata in XML.
> Sorry I am very unfamilar with Python.
> 
> Can anyone explain?

Can you explain in a little more detail what you are doing?  Python
doesn't know about CSS  and it's illegal syntax to just write CSS into
Python programs.  I guess there's a web framework involved?  Or CGI?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul  6 07:42:26 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 13:42:26 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

meridian wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>def doIt(name=None):
>>  global gname
>>  if name is None:
>>    name = gname
>>  else:
>>    gname = name
>>
> 
> 
> Thanks Bruno, works a treat...
> 
But still very probably a bad idea.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From david.bear at asu.edu  Mon Jul 17 12:36:47 2006
From: david.bear at asu.edu (David Bear)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 09:36:47 -0700
Subject: using logger module
Message-ID: <1923328.huKi1Cvd59@teancum>

I attempted to use the logger module per the instructions in
http://docs.python.org/lib/minimal-example.html

I tried a couple of differnet levels. Nothing appeared in any logs. Has this
module been tested with syslog-ng? That is what is packaged with suse and I
am wondering if it is a version problem with the syslog server.

I am using python 2.4 -- on a 2.6.11.4-xx kernel. (suse 9.3)
-- 
David Bear
-- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --


From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul 24 17:49:49 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:49:49 -0400
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <44C532BB.4070004@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <20060724214949.29014.2084400360.divmod.quotient.52636@ohm>

On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:51:07 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
>> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:22:49 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>>
>>> Steve Holden wrote:
>>>
>>>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>>>> [... rant ...]
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
>>>>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
>>>>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
>>>>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
>>>>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
>>>>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
>>>>> way around this scenario?
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>> Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research
>>>> the history of this design decision in the language you should discover
>>>> there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>> Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven
>>> communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a
>>> message, stops everything, and processes the message.
>>>
>>>
>>
>> And what happens if the thread was halfway through a malloc call and
>> the data structures used to manage the state of the heap are in an
>> inconsistent state when the interrupt occurs?
>>
>> This has been discussed many many times in the context of many many
>> languages and threading libraries.  If you're really interested, do
>> the investigation Steve suggested.  You'll find plenty of material.
>>
>
>I've been digging around with Queue.Queue and have yet to come across
>any solution to this problem.

Right.  Queue.Queue doesn't even try to solve this problem.

>Queue.Queue just offers a pretty package 
>for passing around data, it doesn't solve the "polling" problem.

Exactly correct.

>I 
>wonder why malloc()'s can't be done in an atomic state (along with other
>operations that should be atomic, maybe that's a question for OS guys, I
>dunno).

(Note that malloc() is just a nice example - afaik it is threadsafe on
all systems which support threading at all)

Because it turns out that doing things atomically is difficult :)

It's not even always obvious what "atomic" means.  But it's not impossible
to do everything atomically (at least not provably ;), and in fact many
people try, most commonly by using mutexes and such.

However, unless one is extremely disciplined, critical sections generally
get overlooked.  It's often very difficult to find and fix these, and in
fact much of the time no one even notices they're broken until long after
they have been written, since many bugs in this area only surface under
particular conditions (ie, particular environments or on particular
hardware or under heavy load).

>Using Queue.Queue still puts me in a horribly inflexible
>"polling" scenario.  Yea, I understand many of the reasons why we don't
>have "threadicide", and why it was even removed from java.  What I don't
>understand is why we can't come up with something a bit better.  Why
>couldn't a thread relinquish control when its safe to do so?  

Of course, if you think about it, CPython does exactly this already.  The
GIL ensures that, at least on the level of the interpreter itself, no
thread switching can occur while data structures are in an inconsistent
state.  This works pretty well, since it means that almost anything you do
at the application level in a multithreaded application won't cause random
memory corruption or other fatal errors.

So why can't you use this to implement killable threads in CPython?  As it
turns out, you can ;)  Recent versions of CPython include the function
PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc.  This function sets an exception in another
thread, which can be used as a primitive for killing other threads.

Why does everyone say killing threads is impossible, then?  Well, for one
thing, the CPython developers don't trust you to use SetAsyncExc correctly,
so it's not exposed to Python programs :)  You have to wrap it yourself
if you want to call it.  For another thing, the granularity of exceptions
being raised is somewhat sketchy: an exception will not be raised while
a single bytecode operation is being executed.  Exceptions set with this
function will only be raised /between/ the execution of two bytecode
operations.

But this is just what you described above.  The thread is checking for
messages at certain intervals but only while all of its internal state
is consistent.  The problem here is that the granularity of a bytecode
being executed is pretty variable.  Some operations might take only a
microsecond.  Other operations might take a week.  This might be useful
in some specific contexts, but it's definitely not a general solution.


>While the
>interpreter is busy doing malloc()s a thread receives a control message,
>the thread waits until it knows its no longer in an atomic state and
>gives control to the message handler when it can.  Its about setting up
>a large system that is controllable without the painstaking process of
>putting message polling loops all over the place.  Main threads in a
>python program can setup a signal handler, accept signals, and that
>signal can happily go ahead and kill a python interpreter.  Why can't
>this concept be taken farther and introduced into threading?

Some of your text in this paragraph is a little fuzzy, but I think I
get the general idea, and hopefully from what I've written above it is
clear both why what you describe above basically /is/ being done in
CPython and why it is not actually a general solution to this problem.

>
>There is no system that is completely interruptible, there will always
>be a state in which it is not safe to interrupt, but many systems work
>around this just fine with cautious programming.

Which systems work around this just fine?  I don't think there are very
many at all.  Pre-emptive threading is really hard to get right, even
though sometimes it /looks/ easy ;)

Jean-Paul


From grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org  Sat Jul  1 05:59:47 2006
From: grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org (Jorgen Grahn)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 09:59:47 GMT
Subject: Non-ASCII languages (was: Re: style question)
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>

On Thu, 29 Jun 2006 23:19:34 +0200, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Jorgen Grahn wrote:
...
>> (I like well-typeset code in print though. Bjarne Stroustrup uses an elegant
>> system for C++ code, where identifiers and strings are in Times italic,
>> operators in Courier, and so on.)
>
> the idea of printing everything in courier (or some other monospace 
> font) is a rather new idea; if you read seventies stuff, the program 
> code is often as carefully designed as the rest of the document.

Possibly true, and definitely for Knuth.  But WYSIWYG was unknown at the
time; these people all programmed using fixed-width fonts, on teletypes or
character-mapped terminals. Hell, even full-screen editors were new and
controversial until the late 1970s!

Program editing and displaying/typesetting can be treated as separate from
each other. Personally, I think they /should/ be -- I prefer troff or LaTeX
to MS Word, after all.

> (for an indication that we might be moving back to nicely rendered code, 
> see Sun's new Fortress language, which provides extraordinarily detailed 
> control over how identifiers are rendered, including extensive support 
> for Unicode and math notation.  it also mandates the use of proportional 
> fonts for things like identifiers and comments...)

And Sun apparently think they should not be separate.
To me, it looks like they are planning for this language to fail.

If I wanted to try out this language, I would have to give up most of my
existing toolbox -- which works flawlessly with everything from TI assembly
to Python. And what would people discuss on comp.lang.fortress? Google
destroys Python code well enough ...

/Jorgen

-- 
  // Jorgen Grahn <grahn@        Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu
\X/     snipabacken.dyndns.org>  R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn!


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 23:58:57 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 20:58:57 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152417537.907010.107210@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

>> I always find printed material more convenient than
>> reading on-line tutorials.

If you are sure you want a book and not online tutorials, then it's
important that you have many code examples which include both the
statements and the results. You may like Chris Fehily's Python Visual
Quickstart Guide for this.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/0201748843/inscape-20/

It's long in the tooth (only covers up to 2.2 and doesn't get too much
into OO), but it features abundant examples running in columns right
alongside lucid explanations of how Python works.

rd



From danielmarkhot at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:41:51 2006
From: danielmarkhot at gmail.com (Daniel Mark)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:41:51 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hello Dennis:

> 	A second suggestion would be: don't install Python in "Program
> Files", but put it at the top level of the partition (ie; C:\Python24\)
>
I guess your comment is right.
However, I would like to install Python under directory
"C:\Program Files\Python24"

Also, I list some screen shot from my machine as follows:

C:\Program Files\Python24>cd \

C:\>python

C:\>"Program Files\Python24\python.exe"
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> ^Z


C:\>Program\ Files\Python24\python.exe
'Program\' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

C:\>python111
'python111' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

It seems that XP know there is python.exe there, but cannot run it
correctly if
i use c:\python

The only way works on my machine is to run with full path.

Maybe there is not solution to this problem:)?

Thank you all:)



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  1 11:11:19 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 17:11:19 +0200
Subject: lxml and SimpleXMLWriter
In-Reply-To: <1151764246.070975.39580@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151764246.070975.39580@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e863aj$kqg$1@sea.gmane.org>

Srijit Kumar Bhadra wrote:

> I am new to lxml. I am interested to know the equivalent code using
> lxml (http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/lxml/1.1alpha). The code is
> taken from http://effbot.org/zone/xml-writer.htm

the lxml library implements the ElementTree module API (with 
extensions), not the other parts of the ET library.

any reason you cannot just use the ET version ?

</F>



From justask at acme.com  Fri Jul 28 18:40:37 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 00:40:37 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<slrnecjiav.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<m2zmeu3tz5.fsf@unique.fqdn>
	<slrnecjrnt.b77.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<m2veph4drw.fsf@unique.fqdn>
Message-ID: <6i4lc25npq77p34iurnp94259brbrdsfnd@4ax.com>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:31:47 -0400, Dan Sommers <me at privacy.net>
wrote:
>You win that bet.  (We actually tested on both platforms.)  *Not*
>testing on the deployment platform is *definitely* asking for trouble.

I did intend to validate it on the deployment platform. It's just that
I prefer to work in Windows than Linux.


From alien at ath.forthnet.gr  Sun Jul  9 10:36:11 2006
From: alien at ath.forthnet.gr (IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 17:36:11 +0300
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152455761.317770@athnrd02>

I thank everybody for your replies.
I think I'll get Hertland's book since it's newer than O'reillys.
I don't want to become a programmer. Neither Python is part of my studies.
I've finished with my studies. I want to become a Unix/Linux admin and
knowledge of either Python or Perl is an asset.
Do you think that this book is the right one for me?
Ioannis



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 13:22:04 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 10:22:04 -0700
Subject: print function question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8505.1153804934.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <bda6f7e30607242052k73458ba0wd68e96b7c68e3ba@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8505.1153804934.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153848124.406844.129470@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bertrand-Xavier M. wrote:
> On Tuesday 25 July 2006 05:52, Eric Bishop wrote:
> > Why does this work:
> >
> > # start
> > a = 5
> >
> > print a, 'is the number'
> >
> > #end, prints out "5 is the number"
> >
> > But not this:
> >
> > # start
> >
> > a = 5
> >
> > print a 'is the number'
> >
> > #end, errors out
> >
> > The difference here is the comma seperating the variable and the string
> > literal. Is the comma some sort of concatenation operator or is the comma
> > necessary in some form of a requirement in the print function, i.e is the
> > variable a an argument to print as well as 'is th number' another argument
> > to print?
>
> Yes.
> It allows to concat several variables, and also adds a space.
> These do work as well:
>
> a = 5
> print "value is", a
> print "value %s" %(a)
> print "value is", a, '...'
>
> Regards,
> Rob

Also, a comma at the end of a print statement surpresses the usual
trailing newline (it will cause a space to appear instead if you print
something else, but NOT if you write directly to stdout.)

print "Hello",
print "world!"

# prints Hello world! on one line with a space between them, but

import sys
print "Hello",
sys.stdout.write("world!")

# prints Helloworld!

Peace,
~Simon



From konrad.hinsen at laposte.net  Wed Jul 19 06:04:59 2006
From: konrad.hinsen at laposte.net (Konrad Hinsen)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:04:59 +0200
Subject: Compiling Python using the Portland Group compiler
In-Reply-To: <2992C1AC-86FE-442A-A6B2-27E360CB770D@laposte.net>
References: <2992C1AC-86FE-442A-A6B2-27E360CB770D@laposte.net>
Message-ID: <FC5E77F4-4D5F-4153-817B-943A8EB497C7@laposte.net>

On Jul 12, 2006, at 15:57, Konrad Hinsen wrote:

> I am trying to install Python 2.4.3 on an AMD Opteron system using
> the Portland Group's compiler (pgcc). Using
>
> CC="pgcc -DNCURSES_ENABLE_STDBOOL_H=0" OPT="-O0" LINKFORSHARED="-Wl,-
> export-dynamic" ./configure --without-cxx
>
> I finally managed to obtain an executable that would start and work,
> but it fails a couple of test cases:
...

I ended up debugging the first case of failure, and diagnosed faulty  
code generation. I sent a bug report to Portland Group, who promised  
to look at it.

Konrad.
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Konrad Hinsen
Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
Saint Aubin - BP 48
91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
E-Mail: hinsen at cnrs-orleans.fr
---------------------------------------------------------------------




From anirbanroy at lucent.com  Wed Jul 12 01:03:31 2006
From: anirbanroy at lucent.com (Roy, Anirban (Anirban))
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:33:31 +0530
Subject: Communicating with xterm
Message-ID: <3BE48DD0EC7D3948BC183931D9150C2101C39067@ii0015exch001u.iprc.lucent.com>

Hi,
I am new to Pythion world.

My Objective : I want to open an Xterm and try to send message to that
xterm. I dont want to use Expect script.


I have written a small program

import os
import commands
import pty
import re
import tty

(master,slave) = pty.openpty()
print "master = %d , slave = %d" %(master, slave)
paths = os.ttyname(slave)
print "paths = %s" %(paths)
p = re.compile('/(.*)/(.*)/(.*)')
m = p.split(paths)
cmd = '-S' + str(m[3]) + '/' + str(slave) 
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
   os.setsid() 
   os.dup2(slave, 0)
   os.dup2(slave, 1)
   os.dup2(slave, 2)
   os.close(master)
   os.close(slave)
   os.execv('/usr/openwin/bin/xterm',["xterm" , cmd])
else :  
   print "xterm pid = ", pid
   while True:
      os.write(master,"bash")
      os.fsync(master)
      os.write(master,"ls")
      os.fsync(master)
      os.write(master,"ls")
      os.fsync(master)
      os.write(master,"ls")
      os.fsync(master)
      os.write(master,"ls")
      os.fsync(master)
      data = os.read(0,20)
      print "data is %s" %(data)
      os.write(master,data)



But It is not working. Xterm window doesnot show the Shell prompt. 

Can somebody please give some clue , how to progress .
Is there some example code for xterm communication with Python code.

regards
Anirban Roy


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 20:26:14 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:26:14 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
References: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153959023.928429.108120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153959974.089901.104680@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:

>
> Do ','.join(clean) to make a single string with commas between the
> items in the set.  (If the items aren't all strings, you'll need to
> convert them to strings first.)
>

And if the items themselves could contain commas, or quote characters,
you might like to look at the csv module.



From Gerald.MarieNelly at reuters.com  Wed Jul  5 11:40:58 2006
From: Gerald.MarieNelly at reuters.com (Gerald Marie Nelly)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 17:40:58 +0200
Subject: How to save an image created from multiple images?
Message-ID: <2B674CE447106D46A53D0FDDC7DF8B1CC37D1E@PTXSMSXM01.emea.ime.reuters.com>

Did u get the answer to that question???



To find out more about Reuters visit www.about.reuters.com

Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, except where the sender specifically states them to be the views of Reuters Ltd.

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From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 13 21:37:12 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:37:12 +1000
Subject: Byte array question
In-Reply-To: <1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebddhd.k7e.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>

On 14/07/2006 10:41 AM, Dan Winsor wrote:
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
>> Dan Winsor enlightened us with:
>>> This one "works" in that it runs, but the server on the other end gets
>>> garbage unrelated to the test file.
>> Are you sure it is garbage? Have you tried changing byte order?
> 
> Ah, that I hadn't.  Any pointers to doing that?
> 

You found array.array.byteswap() in the manual and rejected it because ...?



From originalbrownster at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 08:24:54 2006
From: originalbrownster at gmail.com (OriginalBrownster)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:24:54 -0700
Subject: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.28.06.27.16.298283@gmx.net>
References: <1154055565.502991.252710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.28.06.27.16.298283@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1154089494.140594.58730@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1154055565.502991.252710 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
> OriginalBrownster wrote:
>
> > I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework
> > to use python to power my application.
> >
> > [...]
> >
> > my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I
> > want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they
> > want to save that file?.
>
> Usually the browser asks the user for a target directory.  So that's not
> your business.
>
> After the user selected the files you have to zip them on the server, for
> instance in a temporary in the `/tmp/` directory and then deliver that
> archive to the user.
>
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


THanks Marc,

That makes sense. I can zip the files to a temp directory. However,
How do I deliver the archive to them?...



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 27 11:50:41 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:50:41 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
Message-ID: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I have the need to write the equivalent of Python class methods in C++.

Chuck Allison proposes the following
(http://www.artima.com/cppsource/simple.html):
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// A base class that provides counting
template<class T> class Counted {
  static int count;
public:
  Counted() { ++count; }
  Counted(const Counted<T>&) { ++count; }
  ~Counted() { --count; }
  static int getCount() { return count; }

};

template<class T> int Counted<T>::count = 0;

// Curious class definitions
class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};

It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,

not of the derived class.
class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};

int main() {
  CountedClass a;
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 1
  CountedClass b;
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 2
  CountedClass3 c;
  cout << CountedClass3::getCount() << endl;   // 3 and should be 1
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 3 and should be 2

}

I am no C++ expert but i guess there might be some in the Python and
C++ newsgroups. 

Alain



From Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 09:23:58 2006
From: Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?S=E9bastien_Boisg=E9rault?=)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 06:23:58 -0700
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8108.1152788129.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8108.1152788129.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152797034.203647.172180@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> in the iso-8859-1 character set, the character ? is represented by the code
> 0xE9 (233 in decimal).  there's no mapping going on here; there's only one
> character in the string.  how it appears on your screen depends on how you
> print it, and what encoding your terminal is using.

Crystal clear. Thanks !

SB



From buderman at cisco.com  Tue Jul 18 11:54:33 2006
From: buderman at cisco.com (Brian Buderman)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:54:33 -0400
Subject: Using Visual Slick Edit for Python
In-Reply-To: <e9iu05$7am$1@news.sap-ag.de>
References: <1153233110.826006@sj-nntpcache-5> <e9iu05$7am$1@news.sap-ag.de>
Message-ID: <1153238074.341260@sj-nntpcache-3>

Thanks very much.  That should work nicely.

We just upgraded to v11, so I'm not yet familiar with all the changes. 
The first noticable thing is the UI got a slight enhancement, as it 
seems to from one version to the next.  I've not used it for Python yet 
(really only C so far), so I unfortunately can't speak to that.


From davew-python at cs.haverford.edu  Fri Jul 21 16:01:44 2006
From: davew-python at cs.haverford.edu (davew-python at cs.haverford.edu)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 16:01:44 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
Message-ID: <200607212001.k6LK1i4O007461@time-stabilizer.cs.haverford.edu>

What is the idiomatically appropriate Python way to pass, as a "function-type parameter", code that is most clearly written with a local variable?

For example, map takes a function-type parameter:

   map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])

What if, instead of just having x+1, I want an expression that is most clearly coded with a variable that is needed _only_ inside the lambda, e.g. if I wanted to use the name "one" instead of 1:

   map(lambda x: (one = 1  x+one), [5, 17, 49.5])

This sort of thing is of course straightforward in many other languages with anonymous functions (Scheme, Haskell, Smalltalk, etc), and I saw in the archives the discussion from 2003 about "How do I get Scheme-like let bindings in Python". Many of the answers seem to boil down to "You should not write Scheme programs in Python, you should write Python programs in Python". As someone new to Python, I'd like a little more detail on this, so I'm asking _what_ I should do when I want to pass, to something like map, code that is most clearly expressed with a local variable?

Do I

  a) give up on using a local variable and just substitute the value in its place (going back to my original use of map),

  b) give up on using an anonymous function and create a named "successor" function with "def",

  c) give up on making "one" local to the lambda and create it in the scope in which I'm calling map, even if I don't otherwise need it there,

  d) give up on using Python and go back to Scheme, or

  e) do something else clever and Pythonic that I don't know about yet?

What is the idiomatically correct way to do this in Python?

Thanks for any constructive advice you can give,
						Dave Wonnacott


P.S., For those who want a bit more context about what I'm doing, I'll provide it -- anyone else is welcome to skip the rest of this message.


As you may guess, I am in the process of learning Python. I have some experience with C/C++ and Scheme and other forms of Lisp, as well as passing familiarity with a bunch of other languages.

I teach an introductory CS course in which I cover a variety of topics that I believe are central to computer science and can be expressed in any language, such as algorithm design, unit and integration testing, writing code that maintains an invariant property of a set of variables. However, I do not like the "language-free" or "all-pseudocode" approach to teaching -- I believe all examples should be shown in a real language, and that the code should be as true to the customary idioms of that language as possible. This limits my choice of language somewhat, since I include elements of functional programming, imperative programming, and object-oriented programming -- I'm not happy doing things like cramming functions into unnecessary classes in Java. However, I currently believe that Python will be at least as good as C++ for what I want to do, and am exploring the details of how it would work out.

One of the things I'm doing is discussing various styles of thinking about the execution of an algorithm, specifically as a process of textual substitution of equals for equals (as one would generally do in Haskell or other functional languages, or in mathematics) or a sequence of ordered steps to be followed (as one would generally do in imperative languages). Note that, while Haskell programmers may say that substitution is the true way that their programs are executed, and C++ programmers may say that a sequence of ordered steps is what's "really going on", the actual process of going from your source code to the output of your program can be blending of these two techniques -- for example, a C++ compiler may perform substitution where it is legal to do so, producing a machine language program that is executed _mostly_ in order (though a processor may commute the order of execution where it is legal to do so). Anyway, in almost any language, there are _some_ ways to perfo!
 rm substitutions without changing the result of a piece of code (e.g. substituting the value of a variable that is only assigned once, for each of its uses), and some things that can be visualized in terms of execution of steps even if one wishes to do so (even in a language like Haskell).

The question of the use of variables inside a lambda is relevant to my understanding of the contexts in which one can think of Python programs in terms of substitution, as well as my learning of proper Python idioms.


From gh at ghaering.de  Mon Jul  3 04:22:28 2006
From: gh at ghaering.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gerhard_H=E4ring?=)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 10:22:28 +0200
Subject: connect not possible to Oracle Datenbank as sysdba?
In-Reply-To: <94CEBD2AC72A3D478BC8381A196FD7CCA008CD@vie012.at.sat-automation.com>
References: <94CEBD2AC72A3D478BC8381A196FD7CCA008CD@vie012.at.sat-automation.com>
Message-ID: <44A8D3C4.4080401@ghaering.de>

Cihal Josef wrote:
> Hi,
>  
> how can I connect to oracle database as SYSDBA
>  
> as usually: "sqlplus anc/psw as sysdba"
>  
> It is a parsing problem? (blanks,etc.?)
>  
> or it is not implmented in DCOracle2? [...]

 From a quick glance at the code, it does not seem like it is 
implemented in DCOracle2, which had its latest stable release as "1.3 
beta" at 2003-02-10 14:47:59.

You should consider switching to cx_Oracle, which is much better 
maintained and also allows you to connect as sysdba:

import cx_Oracle
con = cx_Oracle.connect("sys", "topsecret", "my_tns", cx_Oracle.SYSDBA)

HTH,

-- Gerhard


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 18 13:34:04 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:04:04 +0530
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BD1B8C.8030205@tachyontech.net>

Simon Forman wrote:
> Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
>> Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
>> that you can put any numbers in you like
>>
> 
> I know this is self-evident to most of the people reading this, but I
> thought it worth pointing out that this is a great way to test
> membership in range(lo, hi, step) without doing "the necessary
> algebra".
> 
> i.e.  n in set(xrange(0, 10000, 23)) ...

This is very very misleading... here are some timings :

python -mtimeit "n=5000" "n in set(xrange(0,10000))"
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.32 msec per loop

python -mtimeit "n=5000" "n in xrange(0,10000)"
1000 loops, best of 3: 455 usec per loop

python -mtimeit "n=5000" "0 <= n < 10000"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.217 usec per loop

sets are fast only if you create them *once* and use them again and
again. even in that case, the sets use up O(n) memory.

with comparison operators, you don't need extra memory *and* there is no
pre-computation required.

[sreeram;]

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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 17 08:04:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:04:57 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8200.1152961511.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8200.1152961511.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bb7cea$0$18122$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Wolfgang wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I've started to write some functions but I have some problems with
> common variables in that functions.
> 
> So I have some variables which should be accessible by all my functions
> but not accessible by the rest of my code. How can I do this?

You can use a closure:

def makefuns():
    c1=123.0
    c2=134.0

    def fun(temp):
        return temp+c1-c2
    def fun1(temp):
        return temp-c1

    return fun, fun1

fun, fun1 = makefuns()

fun(42)
fun1(42)


But the canonical solution is to use a class:

class Foo(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._c1=123.0
        self._c2=134.0

    def fun(self, temp):
        return temp + self._c1 - self._c2

    def fun1(self, temp):
        return temp - self._c1

foo = Foo()
foo.fun(42)
foo.fun1(42)



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 17:40:25 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:40:25 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Just spoke with my department and looks like we still want to go with a
server scripting method.  Although MVC may be better fit, for the sake
of the learning curve, we want to use a PSP style method.

So as of now we are looking at using FreeBSD, MySQL, and some form of
Python that will allow us to achieve great performance serving
30million page loads / month.

-Adam



From yves.delalande at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 05:16:04 2006
From: yves.delalande at gmail.com (yvesd)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 02:16:04 -0700
Subject: tkinter wm_delete_window
Message-ID: <1153214164.881551.236840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

hello i want to intercept tkinter python system events like
wm_delete_window
and if possible for any window, but the newest code I've produced give
me
an error :

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Documents and Settings\yvesd\Bureau\protowin.py", line 36,
in ?
    b1 = Tkinter.Button (win1)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1933, in __init__
    Widget.__init__(self, master, 'button', cnf, kw)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1856, in __init__
    BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1834, in _setup
    self.tk = master.tk
AttributeError: MyDlg instance has no attribute 'tk'

thanks a lot for the help answer.

here is my code :

import Tkinter
from Tkinter import *

class MyDlg(Toplevel):


	def ma_fonction():
		print "my function is finished."


	def __init__(arg1, arg2):
		arg1.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", arg1.ma_fonction)

root = Tkinter.Tk ()
#win1 = Tkinter.Toplevel (root)
win1 = MyDlg(root)
b1 = Tkinter.Button (win1)
b1.config (text="hello")



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 13:39:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 19:39:43 +0200
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8gtgv$73k$1@sea.gmane.org>

madpython wrote:

> What is another way to get data from method of another instance of a
> class? Or maybe print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a() is perfectly
> normal.

I'd say it's a fireable offense.

</F>



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 14:49:37 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 20:49:37 +0200
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c27196$0$8261$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davew-python at cs.haverford.edu a ?crit :
> What is the idiomatically appropriate Python way to pass, as a
> "function-type parameter", code that is most clearly written with a
> local variable?

def functionWithLocal(andArg):
   localVar = 42
   return andArg+localVar

map(functionWithLocal, range(42))


> For example, map takes a function-type parameter:
> 
> map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])
> 
> What if, instead of just having x+1, I want an expression that is
> most clearly coded with a variable that is needed _only_ inside the
> lambda, e.g. if I wanted to use the name "one" instead of 1:
> 
> map(lambda x: (one = 1  x+one), [5, 17, 49.5])

map(lambda x, one=42 : x + one, [5, 17, 49.5])

> This sort of thing is of course straightforward in many other
> languages with anonymous functions (Scheme, Haskell, Smalltalk, etc),
> and I saw in the archives the discussion from 2003 about "How do I
> get Scheme-like let bindings in Python". Many of the answers seem to
> boil down to "You should not write Scheme programs in Python, you
> should write Python programs in Python".

A very sensible advice IMHO. Python - while having some support for FP - 
is still statement-based and mostly on the OO/procedural side.

(snip)


From y.glodt at sitasoftware.lu  Thu Jul  6 05:22:38 2006
From: y.glodt at sitasoftware.lu (Yves Glodt)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 11:22:38 +0200
Subject: Activate a daemon several times a day
Message-ID: <44ACD65E.1030101@sitasoftware.lu>

Hi,

I have a daemon which runs permanently, and I want it to do a special 
operation at some specifiy times every day, consider this configfile 
extract:

[general]
runat=10:00,12:00


What would be the easiest and most pythonic way to do this?
Something like this pseudocode:

while True:
	if now(hours) in runat:
		act()
		sleep(60)
	sleep(10)


Please enlighten me!

Best regards,
Yves


From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Sun Jul  9 09:17:22 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 06:17:22 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <e8qvl2$ehp$1@panix3.panix.com>

In article <1152405704.389754 at athnrd02>,
IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS  <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:
>
>I want to learn python.
>I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
>reading on-line tutorials.
>I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
>programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
>should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
>Any recommendations?

If you're willing to wait 1.5 months, _Python for Dummies_ will be the
first book that really covers Python 2.5.  (Alex's _Python in a Nutshell_
does cover some of Python 2.5, but there were a fair number of late
changes that came after he needed to turn it in, most notably the
inclusion of sqlite3.  It's also not a beginner book.)
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"I saw `cout' being shifted "Hello world" times to the left and stopped
right there."  --Steve Gonedes


From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul 27 20:33:39 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 17:33:39 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<vMadnVNi4o_pFVrZnZ2dnUVZ_radnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1153934973.413382.214640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0pidnakssqn5xlTZnZ2dnUVZ_oadnZ2d@comcast.com>

No, it's very low level :)
Please post back if you find a good solution (or have built something that 
you want to
open source :)

> Well, thanks, but I think it's so few for beginning..... ,-(
> Is it not any high-level DNS class? Errrr!!!
>
> Regards,
> Xan.
>
> Jack wrote:
>> I was looking for something like that. I came across this:
>> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/491264
>> It's not ready to use but you can modify it.




From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sun Jul 16 00:33:38 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 04:33:38 GMT
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
	<mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>

Robert Kern wrote:
> Chris Spencer wrote:
>> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, 
>> but not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not 
>> support history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's 
>> own? Is there any way to get command history working with 
>> InteractiveConsole on Linux?
> 
> Be sure that the readline module is installed.

Yeah, "import readline" works just fine. My problem isn't hard to 
replicate. Can anyone else on Linux get command history to work with the 
following code? Note, it should be saved and run from a file.

from code import InteractiveConsole
i = InteractiveConsole(globals())
i.interact()


From mmueller at python-academy.de  Thu Jul 13 00:09:26 2006
From: mmueller at python-academy.de (mmueller at python-academy.de)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 21:09:26 -0700
Subject: Deadline for abstracts in two days - Python-Workshop September 8,
	2006 in Leipzig, Germany
Message-ID: <1152763766.439561.61200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

=== Reminder===

The deadline for submitting abstracts for the the workshop on September
8 in Leipzig is July 15.  It is only two days away!!

If you would like to give a presentation, please send your abstract to
mmueller at python-academy.de.

The workshop topics are listed at
http://www.python-academy.de/workshop/themen.html

While the workshop language will be German, English presentations are
accepted.  So, if you work in Germany, Austria or Switzerland but don't
think your German is good enough for a presentation, you are welcome to
speak in English.


=== Erinnerung ==

Der letzte Termin f?r die Einreichung einer Kurzfassung f?r den
Workshop am 8. September in Leipzig ist der 15.07.2006. Es sind also
nur noch zwei Tage!!

Wer einen Vortrag halten m?chte, die Kurzfassung bitte an
mmueller at python-academy.de senden.

Die Themen des Workshops sind unter
http://www.python-academy.de/workshop/themen.html
zu finden.

=== Workshop "Python im deutschsprachigen Raum" ===

Am 8. September 2006 findet in Leipzig der Workshop "Python im
deutschsprachigen Raum" statt.

Der Workshop ist als Erg?nzung zu den internationalen und
europ?ischen Python-Zusammenk?nften gedacht.
Die Themenpalette der Vortr?ge ist sehr weit gefasst und
soll alles einschlie?en, was mit Python im deutschsprachigen
Raum zu tun hat.

Eine ausf?hrliche Beschreibung der Ziele des Workshops,
der Workshop-Themen sowie Details zu Organisation und
Anmeldung sind unter
http://www.python-academy.de/workshop
nachzulesen.

Vortr?ge k?nnen bis zum 15. Juli angemeldet werden.
Dazu bitte eine Kurzfassung an mmueller at python-academy.de senden.
Zu jedem Vortrag kann ein Artikel eingereicht werden,
der in einem Proceedings-Band Ende des Jahres erscheinen wird.


=== Wichtige Termine ===

15.07.2005 Vortragsanmeldung mit Kurzfassung
31.07.2006 Einladung und vollst?ndiges Programm
15.08.2006 Letzter Termin f?r Fr?hbucherrabatt
08.09.2006 Workshop
15.09.2006 Letzter Termin f?r die Einreichung der publikationsf?higen
Beitr?ge
Dezember 2006 Ver?ffentlichung des Tagungsbandes


=== Bitte weitersagen ===

Der Workshop soll auch Leute ansprechen, die
bisher nicht mit Python arbeiten.
Wer mithelfen m?chte den Workshop bekannt zu machen,
kann einen Link auf
http://www.python-academy.de/workshop setzen.
Auch au?erhalb des Internets kann der Workshop durch den Flyer
http://www.python-academy.de/download/workshop_call_for_papers.pdf
bekannt gemacht werden. Einfach doppelseitig ausdrucken oder kopieren
und
ein paar Exemplare am Schwarzen Brett von Universit?ten, Firmen,
Organisationen usw. aush?ngen.

Wir freuen uns auf eine rege Teilnahme,
Mike M?ller
Stefan Schwarzer



From gdamjan at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 06:28:14 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 12:28:14 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org><3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com><mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8655.1154092222.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cb3802$0$15793$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

> | A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer,
> | which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every
> | so often (e.g. by writing to some register).  If too long an interval
> | goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu.  Normally the
> | software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine.
> | A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running,
> | eventually resulting in a reset.
> 
> *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that I
> have not seen on PC's yet...

The intel 810 chipset (and all after that) has a builtin watchdog timer -
unfortunetally on some motherboards it's disabled (I guess in the BIOS).

How do I know that?
Once I got Linux installed on a new machine.... and although the install
went without a problem, after the first boot the machine would reboot on
exactly 2 minutes. 
After a bit of poking around I found that hotplug detected the WDT support
and loaded the driver for it (i8xx_tco), and it seems the WDT chip was set
to start ticking right away after the driver poked it. 



-- 
damjan


From gamedev at fancy.org  Thu Jul 13 18:49:47 2006
From: gamedev at fancy.org (Tom Plunket)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:49:47 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
Message-ID: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>

I have some code to autogenerate some boilerplate code so that I don't
need to do the tedious setup stuff when I want to create a new module.

So, my script prompts the user for the module name, then opens two
files and those files each get the contents of one of these functions:

def GetPyContents(module):
	boilerplate = \
"""
class %s:
	pass
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	import unittest
	unittest.main('%s_t')
"""
	
	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 2)
	
def GetTestContents(module):
	boilerplate = \
"""from %s import *
import unittest

class Test%s(unittest.TestCase):
	def testConstruction(self):
		self.failUnless(%s())
		
	def testWriteMoreTests(self):
		self.fail('This test should fail.')
		
if __name__ == '__main__':
	unittest.main()
"""

	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)

My question is, I don't like hardcoding the number of times that the
module name should be repeated in the two return functions.  Is there
an straight forward (inline-appropriate) way to count the number of
'%s'es in the 'boilerplate' strings?  ...or maybe a different and more
Pythonic way to do this?  (Maybe I could somehow use generators?)

thx.
-tom!


From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 11 11:26:01 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:26:01 +0200
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hhu88F1rn1f0U1@uni-berlin.de>

iapain wrote:

> 
>> my_innocent_object = __import__(''.join([chr(110+x) for x in [1, 5]]))
> 
> Thats really smart way, yeah i had plan to scan and detect but I think
> its not gonna work.
> 
>> Creating a restricted execution environment is *hard*. As far as I know,
>> even Microsoft has never attempted it. And for all of Sun's resources and
>> talent, security holes are sometimes found even in Java.
> 
> Does that mean there is no way to implement restricted enviorment?

In a nutshell: yes, especially if not designed from ground up that way. If
you need it, the best thing to do is to put some distance between your code
and the possibly malicious one, using some RPC.

Diez


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 16:52:13 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:52:13 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <44ca76d0$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca76d0$1@news.uni-ulm.de>
Message-ID: <1154119933.312433.264210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Is os.system() going to be deprecated in future ?.....I read somewhere.

Dennis Benzinger wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > My server.py looks like this
> >
> > ---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
> > #!/usr/bin/env python
> > import socket
> > import sys
> > import os
> >
> > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> > host = ''
> > port = 2000
> >
> > s.bind((host,port))
> > s.listen(1)
> > conn, addr = s.accept()
> > print 'client is at', addr
> >
> > while True:
> > 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> > 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> > 		print 'MaxiSim'
> > 		os.system('notepad')
> > 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> > 		print 'Driving Sim'
> > 		os.system('explorer')
> > 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> > 		print 'Shutting down...'
> > 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> > 		conn.close()
> > 		break
> > -------------------------------------------CODE
> > END-------------------------------------
> >
> > I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> > Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> > instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> > down.
> >
> > When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> > notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> > command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
> > Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
> > command.
> >
> > Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.
> >
>
>
> os.system() blocks until the called program has finished. Use the
> subprocess module <http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html>:
>
> <untested_code>
>
> import subprocess
> 
> subprocess.Popen("notepad")
> 
> </untested_code>
> 
> 
> Dennis



From scott.daniels at acm.org  Mon Jul  3 12:32:20 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:32:20 -0700
Subject: conecting with a MsAcces DB by dao
In-Reply-To: <1151911722.223316.111110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151650208.783778.186690@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151655436.083906.143380@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151663549.731904.259030@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151665145.582514.262970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151671163.810358.215630@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151675158.630796.151270@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151911722.223316.111110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a94149$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

luis wrote:

> My problem was opening a query (not a table) on mdb file
> 
> 1) If the query includes a where clause type
> field1="edf" and field2=3
> , for example, no problem, Access can retrieve a not empty recordset
> and my python code too.
> 
> 2) But if the Access's query includes a LIKE clause, for example
> field1="e*"
> , Access can retrieves a not empty recordset but my python code
> retrieves a empty recordset.

Which is exactly what it _should_ return on that query, unless you have
records with "e*" in column field1.

The proper SQL clause is:

     ... WHERE field1 LIKE 'e*' ...

But, you did not include that part of the program, so you wound up
crippling those who were willing to try to help you, because you
thought you kinda-sorta knew what was going on (but not enough to
fix it).  Find "smart questions" and read it a couple of times.


-- 
--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 00:07:59 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 21:07:59 -0700
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>
Message-ID: <1153109279.370246.302220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Py PY wrote:
> (Apologies if this appears twice. I posted it yesterday and it was held
> due to a 'suspicious header')
>
> I'm having a hard time trying to get a couple of tests to pass when
> compling Python 2.3.5 on Ubuntu Server Edition 6.06 LTS. I'm sure it's
> not too far removed from the desktop edition but, clearly, I need to
> tweak something or install some missling libs.

Why are you compiling a package that is already built for you?

-- 
- Justin



From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 10 04:31:13 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:31:13 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <e8t3hi$eh2$1@online.de>

Chris Smith schrieb:
> I think 
> there's something fundamentally important about information hiding that 
> can't be given up.

Indeed.
Without information hiding, with N entities, you have O(N^2) possible 
interactions between them. This quickly outgrows the human capacity for 
managing the interactions.
With information hiding, you can set up a layered approach, and the 
interactions are usually down to something between O(log N) and O(N log 
N). Now that's far more manageable.

Regards,
Jo


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul 11 08:56:52 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:56:52 +1000
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.11.12.56.51.498283@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 11 Jul 2006 04:52:42 -0700, horizon5 wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> my collegues and I recently held a coding style review.
> All of the code we produced is used in house on a commerical project.
> One of the minor issues I raised was the common idiom of specifing:
> 
> <pre>
> if len(x) > 0:
>     do_something()
> </pre>
> Instead of using the language-defined bahviour, as stated by PEP8:
> 
> <pre>
>     - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>       sequences are false.
> 
>       Yes: if not seq:
>            if seq:
> 
>       No: if len(seq)
>           if not len(seq)
> </pre>
> 
> Without wishing to start a flame war, what are other's opinions on
> this, is using "len" safer? If so why?

What do you mean by "safer"? What sort of bad consequences are you trying
to avoid? What sort of errors do your colleagues think writing "if seq"
encourages?

Just waving hands in the air and saying "Doing foo is safer" is
meaningless. Safer than what? What are the costs and benefits of doing
foo? What are the consequences of failure?


 
> Arguments that have been presented for using <code>len(x) > 0</code> to
> test emptiness of a container include:
>   - It's safer

On the contrary, the longer test isn't safer, it is more dangerous because
there is a whole family of potential bugs that can occur when using that
idiom, but which can't occur in the shorter test.

For example, there are typos like writing "len(x) < 0" by mistake. (Or,
for that matter, len(x) > 9.)

Do you have a function ln defined in the current scope? Then you better
hope that you don't mistype len(x) as ln(x).

Sure, the chances of these sorts of errors are small -- but not zero.
Write enough tests, and you will surely make them. But they are impossible
to make in the shorter "if x" idiom.


>   - Not relying on weird behaviour of the language

There is nothing weird about it. Languages which don't accept arbitrary
objects as truth values are weird. Every object should know whether or not
it is nonempty/true or empty/false.


>   - Explicit is better than implicit (as stated by 'this' module, Zen
> of Python)

"if x:" is explicit. It is explicitly asking, does x evaluate as true in a
Boolean context or as false?

In an object-oriented framework, it is bad practice for the developer to
concern himself with what makes an object true or false. Instead, you
should simply ask the object, are you true?

What happens when you decide that using a list (or tuple) for x is not the
right way to solve your problem? You change it to something like, say, a
binary tree. Now len(x) > 0 is undefined, because trees don't have a
length. You could ask if height(x) > 0 but calculating the height of a
tree is, in general, expensive. Better to simply ask the tree if it is
true or false.

Or, you subclass list to use a sentinel value. There may be some good
reason for not wanting to redefine the __len__ method of the subclass, so
the length of the subclassed list is ALWAYS positive, never zero. If you
have peppered your code with tests like "if len(x) > 0", you're in
trouble. You're in even greater trouble if some of those tests might be
called by *either* regular lists or by the new subclass. Now you have to
start turning your tests into something awful like this:

if (x.__class__ == ListWithSentinal and len(x) > 1) or len(x) > 0:

But if the subclass redefines the __nonzero__ method, and you use "if x"
as your test, you're done. One change, in one place, compared to
potentially hundreds of changes scattered all over your code.


There are times where your code is constrained by your data-type, e.g.
tests like "if len(x) > 5:" or similar. But they are comparatively rare.
Why force simple true/false tests into that idiom?


> My own feeling is that I am willing to work with the behaviours defined
> by Python, and treat the use of len in these cases as excessive
> duplication (this is however, quite a minor point i agree).
> 
> Note that I have much more experience with the language (6-7 years),
> whilst the majority of my collegues have about 1-2 years experience.

Sounds like they are still programming C or Java in Python.

Good luck teaching these young whipper-snappers. *wink*



-- 
Steven.



From claird at lairds.us  Fri Jul 21 17:25:49 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 21:25:49 +0000
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153514279.392848.143930 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
draghuram at gmail.com <draghuram at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>In that case, the OP can probably use cygwin's version of python.
>pexpect definitely works there.
			.
			.
			.
I suspect there are easier approaches--but probably won't have time
before Monday to explain.  For now, I counsel the original poster
not to be discouraged.


From cdsmith at twu.net  Fri Jul 14 20:54:12 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:54:12 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
	<1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f21ea9e2a3f19ee989687@news.altopia.net>

Marshall wrote...
> I am having a hard time with this very broad definition of aliasing.
> Would we also say that a[1+1] and a[2] are aliases? It seems
> to me, above, that we have only a, and with only one variable
> there can be no aliasing.

The problem with this (and with the relational one as well) is that the 
practical problems don't go away by redefining "variable" to mean larger 
collections of values.

> given a 32 bit integer variable x, and offsets i and j (equal as in
> the above example) would you say that
> 
>    x &= (1 << i)
> and
>    x &= (1 << j)
> 
> are aliased expressions for setting a particular bit in x?

I don't know about Joachim, but yes, I would.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 06:54:33 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 03:54:33 -0700
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152528873.886091.232580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> attempted this?

I doubt you can get PyGame to work this way - at least, not without
some significant hacking around in the source - since PyGame relies on
the underlying SDL library, and from my experience with it, I can't see
it playing well with a browser whatsoever. I think SDL would have to
acquire a new backend to translate input to the plugin into their event
structure, and would require some way of creating an appropriate video
mode that can draw to a browser's window, etc. Java applets and Flash
are built for this purpose whereas PyGame is built on a technology that
was designed for programs that have their own window and tend to
capture all the OS's input.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From jo at durchholz.org  Tue Jul  4 04:19:21 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 10:19:21 +0200
Subject: What is Expressiveness in a Computer Language
In-Reply-To: <e7bvbv$8v164$8@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
References: <1149829487.457604.17510@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1149863687.298352.45980@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk> <4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net>
	<7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk>
	<MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net>
	<1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net>
	<1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net>
	<4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<0%Wlg.3521$MF6.947@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<44992e6c$0$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<hNdmg.19752$uy3.9114@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e7bqgp$8v164$6@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<c6fmg.15242$Z67.7053@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e7bvbv$8v164$8@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <e8d89p$29d$1@online.de>

Andreas Rossberg schrieb:
> AFAICT, ADT describes a type whose values can only be accessed by a 
> certain fixed set of operations. Classes qualify for that, as long as 
> they provide proper encapsulation.

The first sentence is true if you associate a semantics (i.e. axioms) 
with the operations. Most OO languages don't have a place for expressing 
axioms (except via comments and handwaving), so they still don't fully 
qualify.

Regards,
jo


From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 19:27:32 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 16:27:32 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> There are less risk of a typo with "if a:" than with "if len(a) > 0".

So, it's more important to protect against typos than subtle bugs?


Carl Banks



From http  Fri Jul 28 09:21:30 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:21:30 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154079779.565299.246240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7x4px1hnl1.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
> Anyway, the py.execnet thing is presumably designed to work over the
> Internet and over local networks, with the benefit of SSH being that it
> applies well to both domains. Whether it's a better solution for the
> questioner's problem than established alternatives such as PVM (which
> I've never had the need to look into, even though it seems
> interesting), various distributed schedulers or anything else out
> there, I can't really say.

You could use ssh's port forwarding features and just open a normal
TCP connection to a local port that the local ssh server listens to.
Then the ssh server forwards the traffic through an encrypted tunnel
to the other machine.  Your application doesn't have to know anything
about ssh.

In fact there's a VPN function (using tun/tap) in recent versions of
ssh that should make it even simpler, but I hvean't tried it yet.


From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Mon Jul 17 16:48:22 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:48:22 -0700
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

If your script is foo.sh and takes args:
import subprocess
subprocess.call(["foo.sh","args"],shell=True)
Should work fine.  check out
http://www.python.org/dev/doc/maint24/lib/module-subprocess.html

Enjoy,
THN

spec wrote:
> Hi all, I know nothing about Python. What I need to do is to get a
> Python script to execute a local shell script. I do not need any
> output. What would be th eeasiest way to accomplish this?
> 
> Thanks!



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 00:02:35 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 21:02:35 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <CRDsg.56590$181.46496@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk><4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net>
	<7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk>
	<MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net>
	<1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net>
	<1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net>
	<4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<2oDsg.14592$Wh7.11783@trnddc07>
	<CRDsg.56590$181.46496@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1152590555.413435.40270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

David Hopwood wrote:
> J?rgen Exner wrote:
> > David Hopwood wrote:
> > [...]
> >
> > There is no such error message listed in 'perldoc perldiag'.
> > Please quote the actual text of your error message and include the program
> > that produced this error.
> > Then people here in CLPM may be able to assist you.
>
> Yes, I'm well aware that most of this thread has been off-topic for c.l.p.m,
> but it is no less off-topic for the other groups (except possibly c.l.functional),
> and I can't trim the Newsgroups line down to nothing.
>
> Don't you have a newsreader that can mark whole threads that you don't want
> to read?

Sure, or he could just skip over it. Or he could make a simple
request, such as "please trim comp.lang.whatever because it's
off-topic here." But he hasn't done any of these, choosing instead
to drop in with his occasional pointless snarky comments.


Marshall



From stephen04 at tiscali.co.uk  Wed Jul 26 15:22:10 2006
From: stephen04 at tiscali.co.uk (spartacus)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 20:22:10 +0100
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
References: <mailman.8580.1153939983.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c7c0e9$1_4@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Yes i think you can. If you use the struct module.

>> import struct
>> import math
>>y = struct.pack('!f', math.pi)
>>print repr(y)
'@I\x0f\xdb'


"Michael Yanowitz" <m.yanowitz at kearfott.com> wrote in message 
news:mailman.8580.1153939983.27775.python-list at python.org...
> Hello:
>
>  For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> computer.
>  For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
> byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
> byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
> byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000
>  But if I try to do that with floats I get:
>>>> pi & 0xFF
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'
>
>  Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz
>
> 




From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 21 12:29:01 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 16:29:01 GMT
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <hh7wg.2542$No6.50662@news.tufts.edu>

Simon Forman wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
>> Simon Forman wrote:
>>
>>> Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string, so if you
>>> want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
>>> want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
>>> the rest of your pattern matches.)
>> Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the
>> full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match
>> (meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's wrong?
> 
> My understanding, from the docs and from dim memories of using
> re.match() long ago, is that it will match on less than the full input
> string if the re pattern allows it (for instance, if the pattern
> *doesn't* end in '.*' or something similar.)
> 
> I'd test this, though, before trusting it.
> 
> What the heck, I'll do that now:
> 
>>>> import re
>>>> re.match('ab', 'abcde')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb6ff8790>
>>>> m = _
>>>> m.group()
> 'ab'
>>>> print re.match('ab$', 'abcde')
> None
> 
> 
> Yup!  That's the case.
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon
> 

Thanks guys!


From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:21:03 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:21:03 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153318863.215301.52120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> then you no longer need tom, you imported all of his FUNCTIONS (never
> heard of submodule).

my mistake, I was using the wrong name

tom/ <-- package
   __init__.py
   core.py      <
   data.py     < these are modules contained in tom/
   ui.py          <


if I import tom, it is supposed to load functions defined in
tom/__init__.py and make all the modules inside accessible through the
"dot" syntax.

Therefore, this is supposed to work :

?> import tom
?> help(tom.core)

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'

But if I use the baaaaad star syntax

?> from tom import *
?> help(core)

this will work. So that means star loaded functions of __init__.py AND
modules contained, whereas dot syntax does not give me access to
modules inside. The issue is not about using or not using the import *
...



From sriramk at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 18:55:28 2006
From: sriramk at gmail.com (Sriram  Krishnan)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 15:55:28 -0700
Subject: urllib2 on Windows Vista
In-Reply-To: <1152399980.071542.322960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152399980.071542.322960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152485727.945474.6250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Rune Strand wrote:
> My wil guess is that it is a firewall problem. Perhaps you'll have to
> specify that python.exe is trusted.

Tried that - it didn't work. I also tried turning off the User Account
Control and ran as full administrator - that didn't work too.



From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 14:51:25 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:51:25 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
In-Reply-To: <1152885020.521713.47080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebddhd.k7e.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1152885020.521713.47080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152903085.745365.68630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Nevermind.  Did it in Java.  Thanks anyway to all who gave suggestions.



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 19:29:38 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 16:29:38 -0700
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
Message-ID: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Python is a crazy language when it comes to object versatility. I know
I can do:

>>> class test:
...    def __init__(self):
...         pass
>>> x = test()
>>> def fun():
...     print "fun"
>>> x.fun = fun
>>> x.fun()
fun
>>>

However, experimenting shows that these attached functions are not
bound to the object. They do not accept the 'self' parameter. I want to
know how one goes about doing that. How do I bind a function to an
object to act as if it were a method? It looks like the classmethod()
built-in looks *similar* to what I want to do, but not quite.

Any help would be awesome =-)



From maximilian.michel at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 04:08:24 2006
From: maximilian.michel at gmail.com (Maximilian Michel)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 01:08:24 -0700
Subject: Threads and time.strptime()
In-Reply-To: <1151975607.356354.66620@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1151975607.356354.66620@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152000504.037420.86070@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

The parsing thread reads also the file from the disk.


placid wrote:
> Maximilian Michel wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I have an interesting problem:
> > I have written code, that reads a logfile and parses it for date string
> > (Thu Jun 29 14:01:23 2006).
> > Standalone everthing works fine, all is recognized.
> >
> > But if I let the same code run in a thread, with the same file as input
> > I get the following error:
>
> do you read the logfile in the thread too or pass the read that to the
> thread?



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 09:34:37 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:34:37 -0300
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <4uqo36nu7krp$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-29 01:07:12, Tim Roberts wrote:

> Vincent Delporte <justask at acme.com> wrote:
>>
>>BTW, what is the advantage of running a CherryPy/Django server instead
>>of the regular way of code in pages? Improved performance because the
>>Python interpreter is already up and running?
> 
> Exactly.  The Python interpreter can take a significant fraction of a
> second to start.  For the typical short web request, the overhead can add
> up.

Is this start-up overhead the same thing for PHP? Or is this handled
differently there?

Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 05:06:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:06:30 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44b60d17$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
> wrote:
> 
> 
>>Maric Michaud wrote:
>>
(snip)
>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
>>
>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
>>does that solve my naming issues.
> 
> 
> Then you have to change all references to that private attribute. 

Not even - cf my answer on this point.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:03:22 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:03:22 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152546929.849384.131860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9lp61$1342$2@news.uit.no>
Message-ID: <emmixzx0xny7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-19 14:12:33, Tobias Brox wrote:

> "Code generation" springs into my mind.  IMO, if the code needs to be
> generated, the language is not sufficiently advanced.

Isn't that just a question of level? I'm sure there are editors that
generate Python class stubs, GUI builders that generate Python GUI
frameworks, and so on. Nothing needs to be generated, but some things are
more convenient to write (for some people; convenience is quite subjective)
using generators. 

Gerhard



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul 28 03:31:54 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:31:54 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1154036805.346033.141010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8c10c$0$8256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154036805.346033.141010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c9bb96$0$21604$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com a ?crit :
>>>Hiya, you might be interested in this alternative config parsing
>>>program:
>>>http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html
>>
>>Yes, I know it. But I don't like it. Either a simple ini file do the
>>trick, or I need a full blown app-specific DSL - which can be as simple
>>as a Python file with dicts, lists, etc !-)
>>
>>
> 
> 
> What do you mean? I don't really understand. 

It's not a criticism of configobj - which is a quite nice package -, 
it's just a matter of personal tastes (I don't like configobj's 
[[[some-nested-sub-sub-section]]] syntax) and specific needs.

Most of the time, I don't need nothing more than a plain ini file - and 
in this case, I prefer to use configparser because it's in the standard 
lib (so I avoid a dependency on a 3rd part package).

When an ini file won't do, it's usually because what the app need is 
really complex and specific enough to justify a "domain specific language".

And sometimes, this DSL can be expressed with Python's syntax, like for 
example:

schema = {'turbine1': {'class': 'Turbine',
                        'upstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
                        'downstream' : () # nothing,
                        },
           'frobnicator2' : {'class' : 'Frobnicator',
                             'upstream' : (),
                             'downstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
                            },
          }

FWIW, the package's end user is not even supposed to know this is in 
fact Python code !-)

FWIW, JSON can be a good candidate for this kind of stuff too.


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sun Jul 16 05:28:18 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 02:28:18 -0700
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8219.1153009031.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1152987101.679173.53680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8219.1153009031.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153042098.134801.295950@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Bryan:
> do you think that pygame would be a good alternative to matplotlib to create
> some graphs such simple bar and line graphs?

For graphs MatPlotLib is usually better, and its antialiasing library
(Anti-Grain Geometry) is wonderful. Pygame gives a bit more freedom but
you have to do all for yourself.


> i want to animate them as new data comes comes in.

I think MatPlotLib can do this too, if your computer is fast enough.


>i would also like to have the bars and graphs have nice shading
> if possible to give it a really attractive look.

Remember what Edward Tufte (www.edwardtufte.com) says, often too much
elaborations makes graphs them less than useless.

Bye,
bearophile



From andymac at bullseye.apana.org.au  Mon Jul 24 09:13:16 2006
From: andymac at bullseye.apana.org.au (Andrew MacIntyre)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 00:13:16 +1100
Subject: _mssql on Python 2.5 Beta 2
In-Reply-To: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C4C76C.4030600@bullseye.apana.org.au>

mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com wrote:
> I'm trying to use the _mssql module from
> http://pymssql.sourceforge.net/.  It works fine on Python 2.4.  I've
> just installed Python 2.5 Beta 2 on my Linux box and, whenever I try
> and run the mssql.close() function, or close the program, I get the
> following message:
> 
> *** glibc detected *** python2.5: free(): invalid pointer: 0xb7f08320

I'm assuming that you recompiled the extension, rather than installed
a binary built with a Python 2.4 installation.

Python 2.5 tightens the requirements that memory allocated via one
memory management API family must be released via calls through the
same API family - eg malloc() -> free(); PyMem_Malloc() -> PyMem_Free();
PyObject_Malloc() -> PyObject_Free().  I think I recall something about
this in one of the "whats new" type docs.

A fair bit of code erroneously assumes that free() can be used to
release any block of memory, regardless of which API family was used to
allocate the memory.  This code needs to be fixed.

-- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Andrew I MacIntyre                     "These thoughts are mine alone..."
E-mail: andymac at bullseye.apana.org.au  (pref) | Snail: PO Box 370
        andymac at pcug.org.au             (alt) |        Belconnen ACT 2616
Web:    http://www.andymac.org/               |        Australia


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul  5 00:58:09 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 21:58:09 -0700
Subject: numarray
In-Reply-To: <e8fful$evi$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <08f201c69fef$9d50b4b0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

robert....

i did an
 python>>> import numpy
     a = array([['q','a'],['w','e']])

and it didn't work...

i used
  >>from import numpy *

and it seems to accept the 'array' word.. .looks like it will work...

what's the difference between 'import numpy', and "from import numpy *"

comments...

thanks

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Robert Kern
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:42 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: numarray


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm trying to find numarray.. i found the numpy on sourceforge and
> downloaded/installed..
>
> i did a
> python>> import numarray
>
> and got an error...

Never just say "I got an error." It tells us nothing. Copy-and-paste the
exact
error message. I presume, however, that you installed numpy, not numarray.
They
are not the same thing.

> the docs that i've seen point to the sourceforge area.. but i only see
> numpy.. which appears to incorporate numarray..

No, it replaces numarray.

http://www.scipy.org/NumPy

> my goal is to somehow define multi-dimensional arrays of strengs...

 >>> from numpy import *
 >>> a = array([['some', 'strings'],['in an', 'array']], dtype=object)
 >>> a
array([[some, strings],
        [in an, array]], dtype=object)

--
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it
had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 15 04:10:06 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:10:06 +0200
Subject: How can get button's name when cursor move over the button ona
	web page?
References: <977252d80607052035h6c88dd9ag5aa2db9612190f67@mail.gmail.com><e8i9s8$81j$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e985pv$ob0$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <00b001c6a7e6$3aed8880$03000080@hendrik>

"Steve Holden" <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:

8<------------(snip)-------------
|Questions nowadays have no idea which groups they belong to. When *I*
|was a lad questions had to know their place. A question that appeared in
||the wrong group would be torched with flames that could be guaranteed to
|burn through asbestos. But you tell these young people and they just
|don't believe you.
|
|A Yorkshireman

- You were lucky...
 - in *my* day, we did not even have fuel for flames, because we had no
internet....
   We actually had to use the local library - and *horrors* - you had to learn
to read, and to solve your own queries...
   These youngsters just don't know how easy they have it...

- Hendrik van Rooyen (not a Yorkshireman)






From skip at pobox.com  Wed Jul 12 13:16:20 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:16:20 -0500
Subject: How to delete a Python package
In-Reply-To: <12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <17589.11876.848258.603424@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    >> As a rule, if you use a Linux distribution, you should just install
    >> the package and then remove the package using the package manager.

    Grant> That's fine except a lot of python packages aren't available in
    Grant> any of the various Linux distro package formats.

And one or two people don't use Linux yet.

Uninstall support would be a good idea...

Skip


From Tavis.Rudd at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 17:14:28 2006
From: Tavis.Rudd at gmail.com (Tavis.Rudd at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 14:14:28 -0700
Subject: cheetah.
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7689.1151772027.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7689.1151772027.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152566068.086674.316260@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi Chun,
you should post this to the cheetah mailing list rather than here.

https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/cheetahtemplate-discuss

Cheers,
Tavis

chun ping wang wrote:
> I am having trouble using cheetah and getting it to work the way i want
> (mvc)
>
> I have the following file.
>
> index.py : # imports BibleController and setting.
>
>
> BibleController.py that includes the Bible.py model to database (those
> works). At the end of it i have.
> print Template ( file = "BibleView.Tmpl", searchList = templateValue )
>
> BibleView.tmpl.
>
> I generated something call BibleView.py using cheetah template. But when i
> run BibleView.py i get this error.
>
> File "BibleView.py", line 97, in respond
>    __v = VFFSL(SL,"ver",True)
> ameMapper.NotFound: cannot find 'ver'
>
> Whats wrong?
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> On the road to retirement? Check out MSN Life Events for advice on how to
> get there! http://lifeevents.msn.com/category.aspx?cid=Retirement



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 18 19:16:04 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 01:16:04 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com> <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Boris Borcic a ?crit :
> Hello Bruno,
> 
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>> Boris Borcic wrote:
>>
>>>> Do you have any ideas?
>>>
>>>
>>> you could use a recursive generator, like
>>>
>>> def genAllChildren(self) :
>>>     for child in self.children :
>>>         yield child
>>>         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
>>>             yield childchild
>>
>>
>>
>> Or how to *not* address the real problem...
>>
>> Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
>> to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
>>
> 
> Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.

It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ), and easy 
to solve. The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to the FAQ 
(or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose a 
workaround.

> How can you exclude that 
> the OP /may/ find that a generator neatly solves his problem ?

I don't exclude it, and explicitly mentioned in whole letters that, I 
quote, it "may be a pretty good idea". And actually, the OP's problem is 
really with default values evaluation scheme - something that every 
Python programmer should know, because there are cases where you cannot 
solve it with a generator-based solution !-)

> The use 
> of a default value was not an end in itself, was it ?

If the OP has other reasons to want to use an accumulator based solution 
- which we don't know - then the possibility to use a default value is 
important.

> - and the quirks of 
> default values being FAQ stuff don't change that. Sure if nobody had 
> covered that aspect, but a couple other posters did...

Yes, but you forgot to mention that - and I would not have post any 
comment on your solution if you had explicitly mentioned the FAQ or 
these other answers.

> Mmmmhhh somehow it feels like if there is any issue here, it is about 
> defending the credo "there ought to exist only one obvious way to do it" 
> ?...

Nope, it's about trying to make sure that anyone googling for a similar 
problem will notice the canonical solution somehow.



From rpw3 at rpw3.org  Mon Jul 17 04:39:44 2006
From: rpw3 at rpw3.org (Rob Warnock)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 03:39:44 -0500
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de> <e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <EJydnZRij7pN0SbZnZ2dnUVZ_sKdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Joachim Durchholz  <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
+---------------
| INSERT cannot be expressed in terms of assignment. INSERT creates a new 
| record; there's no way that assignment in a language like C can create a 
| new data structure!  The same goes for DELETE.
+---------------

Well, what about "malloc()" & "free()"? I mean, if your
"database" is a simple linked list, then INSERT is just:

    ROW *p = malloc(sizeof *p);
    p->field1 = value1;
    p->field2 = value2;
    ...
    p->fieldN = valueN;
    database = cons(p, database);		/* Common Lisp's CONS */

and DELETE is just:

    ROW *p = find_if(predicate_function, database); /* CL's FIND-IF */
    database = delete(p, database);		/* CL's DELETE */
    free(p);

[There are single-pass methods, of course, but...]


-Rob

-----
Rob Warnock			<rpw3 at rpw3.org>
627 26th Avenue			<URL:http://rpw3.org/>
San Mateo, CA 94403		(650)572-2607



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Wed Jul 26 18:55:23 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 15:55:23 -0700
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <1153954523.497284.262790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Pierre Thibault wrote:
> Hello!
>
> I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
> because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
> iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
> I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
> was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
> STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
>
<SNIP>
> Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
> would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
> read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
>
> io1 = iter(object1)
> io2 = iter(object2)
>
> try:
>   while 1:
>     io1.next() += io2.next()
> except StopIteration:
>   pass
>
> That won't work:
> SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
>
> Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?
>
> Thanks!
>
> Pierre

Pierre,
You should be able to write
  io1.next().param += io2.next().param
If iter(object1) and iter(object2) both return classes or instances
with the appropriate parameter.
Here is what I was thinking of:


class ParamHolder(object):
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.param = n

class C1(object):
    def __init__(self,m):
        self.value = [ParamHolder(n) for n in range(m)]
    def __getitem__(self, p):
        return self.value[p]

obj1 = C1(5)
obj2 = C1(5)

io1 = iter(obj1)
io2 = iter(obj2)

print "obj1 pre loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]

try:
    while 1:
        io1.next().param += io2.next().param
except StopIteration:
    pass

print "obj1 post loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]

- Paddy.



From jes at nl.demon.net  Sat Jul  8 05:37:26 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 09:37:26 -0000
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12auv6mgcvm2cb6@corp.supernews.com>

In article <1152290319.685783.106250 at s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>,
Rob Cowie <cowie.rob at gmail.com> wrote:
>Just forget the lists...
>
>counters = {0:0, 1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0}
>
>def increment(value):
>    counters[value] += 1
>
>increment(1)
>increment(1)
>increment(3)
>increment(4)
>
>print counters[0]
>>>> 0
>print counters[1]
>>>> 2
>print coutners[2]
>>>> 0
>print counters[3]
>>>> 1
>print coutners[4]
>>>> 1
>
>The increment function should probably include a try:...except:
>statement to catch KeyErrors that would arise if you passed a value
>that is not a key in the counters dictionary.
>
>Rob C
>

counters = {}
def increment(value):
    counters[value] = counters.get(value, 0) + 1

increment(1)
increment(1)
increment(3)
increment(4)
increment('a string key')


keyz = counters.keys()
keyz.sort()
for k in keyz:
    print k, counters[k]

Takes care of IndexError and ValueError. It does not report keys that
don't get incremented. If that's important, then initalise counters as
in the quoted posting.

For Python 2.4 and later, you can replace the keyz =
counts.keys()/keyz.sourt() for k in keyz: with

for k in sorted(counters.heys()):
   print k, counters[k]


-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  9 20:09:27 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 17:09:27 -0700
Subject: unistall python mechanize
Message-ID: <054301c6a3b5$1d4950f0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi..

i'm trying to figure out how to uninstall "mechanize". i don't see an
"unistall" from the "python --help-commands" function...

i'm looking to rebuild/reinstall mechanize from the svn repos to try to see
if an apparent parsing issue that i mentioned is fixed...

thanks

-bruce





From yannick.leteigner at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:56:18 2006
From: yannick.leteigner at gmail.com (Yannick)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:56:18 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

A few months ago I had to choose between RoR and a Python framework
(TurboGears in that case). I picked TurboGears because of the language
maturity and all the third party libs. i.e. I can do PDF reporting with
reportLab, control OpenOffice with Python..
Ruby has still a "cool factor" going with it, but give it 2-3 years to
become mainstream and another language will be the new cool thing to
program with..


Ray wrote:
> I just moved to another company that's mainly a Java/.NET shop. I was
> happy to find out that there's a movement from the grassroot to try to
> convince the boss to use a dynamic language for our development!
>
> Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
> Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
> Django, they went like, "what's that?".
>
> I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".
>
> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
>
> I think they are already predisposed to RoR simply because of RoR's
> visibility (i.e.: at my workplace everybody knows RoR but nobody knows
> about Django unless they've used Python as well). So far the arguments
> I can think of:
>
> 1. The investment of learning Python will be a good investment because
> it transfer to platforms that we've already supported, i.e.: JVM and
> .NET CLR (using Jython and IronPython). Ruby's availability on this
> platform is not as mature--JRuby is still at 0.9 and I don't think
> IronRuby is coming out anytime soon :)
>
> 2. Python is a much more mature language than Ruby--it's been around
> since ages ago and as such has a lot more tools, articles, and other
> resources than Ruby. It is also the language being used by
> high-visibility company like Google, with the creator of the language
> himself working there.
>
> 3. Python emphasizes readability instead of cleverness/conciseness.
>
> 4. What else? I haven't tried RoR so I can't argue meaningfully on
> whether using Django will put us at an advantage.
>
> Can you help me with my argument? Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try
> as well.
> 
> Thank you,
> Ray



From DirkHagemann at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 07:12:26 2006
From: DirkHagemann at gmail.com (Dirk Hagemann)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 04:12:26 -0700
Subject: How to start more than one process at the same time?
Message-ID: <1152875546.212270.45910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi!

How can I start several jobs at the same time with python? I want to
collect data from some servers and I don't want to wait until the first
server is finished. These jobs should run parallel to save time.
What I tried is this:
os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server1
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
>> av_server1.txt')
os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server2
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
>> av_server2.txt')
os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server3
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
>> av_server3.txt')

I didn't get an error-message, but I also didn't get a result. No
text-file was created.
I also tried to do the same thing via batch-files, but that didn't
change anything.

Is it just not possible or what am I doing wrong?

Thanks for any help!
Dirk Hagemann



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 20 03:55:29 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:55:29 +1000
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8358.1153380018.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8358.1153380018.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bf36f1$1@news.eftel.com>

On 20/07/2006 5:18 PM, Steve Holden wrote:
> Anoop wrote:
>> Hi All
>>
>> Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
>> that is followed in Python.
>>
>> For example how will be string.lower depricated.
>>
>> As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
>> 'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python
>>
>> Thanks for your inputs
>>
> I wonder if this isn't just an English problem: the fact that the 
> functions of the string module is depracated 

"depracated"? "functions ... is"? Yup, sure looks like an English 
problem to me :-)

Perhaps the docs should use simpler words like "outdated" or "not 
preferred" or such-like instead of "depr*e*cated".

Cheers,
John


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 25 03:13:57 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 00:13:57 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.25.05.50.02.988935@gmx.net>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.05.50.02.988935@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153811637.444825.82240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1153785622.870353.85960 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, nephish wrote:
>
> > tohex gave me
> > '53 54 58
>
>    S  T  X
>
> > 00 00 00 34
>
> Length!?  Decimal 57.

3 * 16 + 4 -> 52 where I come from -- assuming hex means hexadecimal
and not witchcraft :-)

>
> > 00 00 00 c8
>
> Type!?  Decimal 200.
>
> > 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> > 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
>
> Payload!?
>
> > 45 4e 58'
>
>   E  N  X
>
> > this is the login message (message type 200)
>
>
> The problem I see is the length.  The payload without STX, ENX and the two
> numbers in front is 47 bytes so there's a 5 byte difference.

I don't think so.

>  You have to
>  look at some more messages to get an idea how the length corresponds to
>  the actual payloads length.

Yes, but not because of the 5-difference problem. The OP has favoured
us with 3 messages (in 3 different formats), 2 x login and 1 of some
sort of data. See below.

8<--- script start
import struct

def unhex(s, spaced):
    return ''.join([chr(int(s[x:x+2], 16)) for x in xrange(0, len(s), 2
+ spaced)]) # gasp

hex1 =
"5354580000002c000000ea3137353834363638353500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d6090d5400000000454e58"
txt1 = unhex(hex1, 0)

txt2 =
'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'


hex3 = '53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58'
txt3 = unhex(hex3, 1)

for msgno, msg in enumerate((txt1, txt2, txt3)):
    print "\nMessage %d: length of actual string is %d" % (msgno + 1,
len(msg))
    print "Has STX/ENX:", msg.startswith("STX") and msg.endswith("ENX")
    print "repr:", repr(msg)
    print "hex :", ' '.join(["%02x" % ord(x) for x in msg])
    msg_len, msg_type = struct.unpack('>II', msg[3:11])
    print "Internal len: %d; type: %d" % (msg_len, msg_type)
8<--- end script, start output

Message 1: length of actual string is 54
Has STX/ENX: True
repr:
'STX\x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\xea1758466855\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xd6\t\rT\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 2c 00 00 00 ea 31 37 35 38 34 36 36 38 35 35 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d6 09 0d
54 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
Internal len: 44; type: 234

Message 2: length of actual string is 61
Has STX/ENX: True
repr:
'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 73 74 61 74 65 6d 61 6e 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 73 74 61 74 65 31 6d 61 6e 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
Internal len: 52; type: 200

Message 3: length of actual string is 62
Has STX/ENX: True
repr:
'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8pivotrac\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00trac1pivot\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'
hex : 53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58
Internal len: 52; type: 200
8<---
Messages 1 and 3 tend to indicate that external_len == internal_len +
10 ... maybe there's been a copy/paste problem somewhere along the line
with message 2; perhaps the OP could check this.

Cheers,
John



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 08:33:31 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:33:31 +0200
Subject: look for a module without import it
References: <1YLtg.39843$_J1.477688@twister2.libero.it>
Message-ID: <e982vh$etr$1@sea.gmane.org>

Michele Petrazzo wrote:

> I have to know if a module are present on the system, but I don't want
> to import it. Only know if it is present.
>
> I think that a loop on the site-packages directory can do the work, but
> is there another solution?

> more module.py
print "I'M MODULE!"

> python
>>> import imp
>>> imp.find_module("os")
(<open file 'C:\python25\lib\os.py', mode 'U' at 0x00A7E2F0>, 'C:\\python25\\lib\\os.py', ('.py', 
'U', 1))
>>> imp.find_module("sys")
(None, 'sys', ('', '', 6))
>>> imp.find_module("foobar")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named foobar
>>> imp.find_module("module")
(<open file 'module.py', mode 'U' at 0x00A7E2F0>, 'module.py', ('.py', 'U', 1))
>>> import module
I'M MODULE!

</F> 





From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Mon Jul 31 14:10:36 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:10:36 -0700
Subject: gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8730.1154351299.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8730.1154351299.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154369436.356111.325250@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

my boss has a similar problem with his home internet connection in
general. he traced it back to his router, which was in the first couple
generations of routers. how old are the routers you tested this on?
aside from upgrading them, if they are the problem, i can suggest a
workaround.
the first time this exception is raised, your script can automatically
restart itself.
os.system('python -c "import time, os; time.sleep(2);
os.system(\'python yourscriptname.py &\')" &')
sys.exit(1)


Laszlo Nagy wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I asked this question about a week ago, but I did not provide a
> traceback. Here is the traceback:
>
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__
>     return self.__send(self.__name, args)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request
>     verbose=self.__verbose
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request
>     self.send_content(h, request_body)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in send_content
>     connection.endheaders()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 798, in endheaders
>     self._send_output()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 679, in _send_output
>     self.send(msg)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 646, in send
>     self.connect()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1072, in connect
>     sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
>   File "<string>", line 1, in connect
> gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')
>
> The program is connecting to the same host about 2 times per minute.
> After running for one or two hours, it raises this exception. Once it
> raised this exception, it keeps raising in. (My program is trying to
> connect but it cannot.) Then I restart my program and it works for
> anoter hour or two. I tried the same program on different machines and
> different operating system, but the error is always the same. Please
> help me identify the problem.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
>    Laszlo



From tired2409 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul  5 08:30:18 2006
From: tired2409 at hotmail.com (Stewart Aitken)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:30:18 +0100
Subject: Python traverse
References: <1152095965.764578.111090@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7808.1152098950.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <00cna2htl898fh3h553ul3mrh7avggkm6e@4ax.com>


>Namenick wrote:
>
>> Hello, I am completely new to Python, would u please tell me something
>> about Python compiler traversing techniques ? or please direct me to
>> some document if available on the net for reference ?
>
>"compiler traversing techniques" generates zero google hits, so maybe 
>you could start by explaining what you're talking about...
>
></F>

*python compiler traversing " generates 41000 google hits. Is the issue
the Abstract Syntax Tree traversal which is slightly inaccurate for
python whose documentation mentions the Extrenely Concrete Syntax Tree,
which in a sense is a two pass compiler.



From bytter at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:22:49 2006
From: bytter at gmail.com (Hugo Ferreira)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:22:49 +0100
Subject: Type signature
In-Reply-To: <ea2udj$ugb$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.22.22.15.30.2213@gmx.net> <ea2udj$ugb$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <4e8efcf50607241022na1f5bb6m5b078790a9178e67@mail.gmail.com>

Which is expecially true when using IDEs with auto-completion.
Using VisualStudio/MonoDevelop and C# I rarely need to look at the
documentation because I can quickly see what a method accept and returns.
And when I need to pass flags or options, enums are much more neat and
encapsulated.

With Python I'm constantly looking at the documentation when surfing a
library. I personally like the terse code and abstraction features of Python
which is making me slowly writing more and more tools in it. Still, I have
to agree that there are edges (like these) that must be sharpened out...

On 7/24/06, paul k?lle <paul at subsignal.org> wrote:
>
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> > In <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yacao Wang
> > wrote:
> >
> >> However, type signatures are not only a kind of information provided
> for
> >> the compiler, but also for the programmer, or more important, for the
> >> programmer. Without it, we have to "infer" the return type or required
> >> agument types of a function, and this can't be done without seeing the
> >> implementation of it,
> >
> > That's what documentation is meant for.  If you are forced to look at
> the
> > implementation, the documentation is bad.
> I think the OP refers to reading the *code*, the documentation might not
> exist (yet). Sometimes I feel python is easier to write than to read and
> missing argument type declarations (just for documentation purposes)
> are  IMHO one reason. Another are missing (optional) argument type
> checks at runtime. Something like WrongArgumentType exceptions instead
> of rather unspecific AttributeError from deep inside the code would be
> very convenient.
>
> Yes docstrings are nice but sometimes a simple:
>
> foo(int:param1, string:param2) is way better than:
>
> foo(param1, param2):
>   """
>   @type param1: integer
>   @type parame2: string
>   """
>
> cheers
> Paul
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>



-- 
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From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 11 15:30:04 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 21:30:04 +0200
Subject: packaging programs
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8042.1152642763.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8042.1152642763.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4hichsF1rkrpqU1@uni-berlin.de>

Brian Blais schrieb:
> Hello,
> 
> What is the preferred way of packaging python programs?  I know a bit 
> about py2exe (windows) and freeze (linux), but is there a way to package 
> something if you assume that they have python installed?  For example, 
> if you assume that they have Python 2.4, but don't have 
> scipy/numpy/matplotlib, is there something which will locally package 
> these modules to distribute with the program?  What are the options here?
> Are there any good docs for this?

setuptools. You can then distribute your application as an egg, which 
basically is a zip-file.

Regards,

Diez


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  2 03:22:09 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 09:22:09 +0200
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <1151794391.287124.92380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1151731404.400513.277050@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1151772233.103785.3240@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151794391.287124.92380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e87s6t$i5k$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ravi Teja wrote:

>> Of course, lxml should be able to do this kind of thing as well. I'd be
>> interested to know why this "is not a good idea", though.
> 
> No reason that you don't know already.
> 
> http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/HTML.html
> 
> "If the document text is well-formed XML, we could omit the html
> parameter or set it to have a false value."
> 
> XML parsers are not required to be forgiving to be regarded compliant.
> And much HTML out there is not well formed.

so?  once you run it through an HTML-aware parser, the *resulting* 
structure is well formed.

a site generator->converter->xpath approach is no less reliable than any 
other HTML-scraping approach.

</F>



From lennox at 163.com  Tue Jul 25 08:22:35 2006
From: lennox at 163.com (Pan Xingzhi)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 20:22:35 +0800
Subject: Python audio output switch
Message-ID: <ea52e4$h0k$1@news.yaako.com>

Guys:

     Hi there. Recently I'll have to write a quite interesting program 
in Python on a Linux box. What I need is a function which allows the 
user to 'switch' the audio output from <an audio 
file>/<microphone>/<line in>.

     I'm not quite familiar with Linux programming. I've checked some 
python media frameworks but still need some light. Does anybody have 
experience on this? Thanks in advance!

     Regards,
                            Pan Xingzhi


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 21 15:23:48 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 19:23:48 GMT
Subject: what's wrong with this if statement?
Message-ID: <8R9wg.2546$No6.50784@news.tufts.edu>

Here's the full code, but you can probably safely ignore most of it, 
especially the wxPython stuff:

-----------------------------------

import wx


class MyFrame(wx.Frame):

     def __init__(self):
         wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY)
         panel = wx.Panel(self)

         mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
         inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

         self.count = 0
         self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
         self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'test')
         prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time:')
         self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, size=(20, 20))
         self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
         self.timer = wx.Timer(self)

         mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP, 
border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 
border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALL, border=10)
         inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)

         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)

         panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)

     def OnStart(self, event):
         self.time = self.input.GetValue()
         self.timer.Start(1000)

     def OnTimer(self, event):
         self.count += 1
         if self.count < self.time:
             self.progress.SetValue(self.count)
             self.status.SetLabel(str(self.count))


class MyApp(wx.App):

     def OnInit(self):
         frame = MyFrame()
         self.SetTopWindow(frame)
         frame.Show()
         return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = MyApp(redirect=False)
     app.MainLoop()

------------------------------------

The code in question is mainly this:

def OnTimer(self, event):
         self.count += 1
         if self.count < self.time:
             self.progress.SetValue(self.count)
             self.status.SetLabel(str(self.count))

When I run the program, the progress bar and the status label continue 
to increase even after self.count has (presumably) become larger than 
self.time. Why is this? All I do is enter in '10' as the value to test 
it, and it keeps counting even beyond 10.


From etingof at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 03:17:16 2006
From: etingof at gmail.com (etingof at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 00:17:16 -0700
Subject: PySNMP Thread unsafe?
In-Reply-To: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153811836.707497.101190@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

pysnmp has been designed to be MT-safe. Although, I've never used it in
a MT app, so there may be a bug showing up when you do threading...

At its simplest, I'd advise snooping on the wire to make sure you are
querying different devices at the same time and also to see where the
[I assume] bottleneck really is -- is it in a sending or receiving
phase of the query.

If you could show me the code that causes the trouble?

rob.audenaerde at gmail.com ?????(?):

> I'm trying to monitor about 250 devices with SNMP, using PySNMP version
> 4. I use the threading.Thread to create a threadpool of 10 threads, so
> devices not responding won't slow down the monitoring process too much.
>
>
> Here comes my problem. When using PySNMP single threaded, every this
> goes well; but if I create 10 threads, it all goes awry... It seems
> PySNMP is not thread safe? Can anyone elaborate on this?



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  9 21:34:21 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 18:34:21 -0700
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607091642350.8423@localhost>
Message-ID: <055301c6a3c0$f9746140$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>


update.....

out of curiosity, i fetched the latest mechanize from svn.. i get the same
error with the parse...

i've also tried to do:
 br.select_form(nr = 1)
 br.select_form(name="foo")
 br.select_form(name=foo)
 br.select_form(name="foo")

etc.... same err occurs...

-bruce



hi john...

not sure exactly who i should talk to tabout this..but here goes...

i have the following piece of code... i'm trying to do a select form, and my
test throws an error...

i have the actual form "main" in the html, so it should find it... as far as
i can tell, i've followed the docs.. but i could be wrong. any thoughts?

the code, output, and partial html is below...

thoughts/comments/ideas/etc...

thanks

-bruce

test code
------------------------
  #get the semester page
  #get the 2nd semester/frame src url page
  br.open(url)
  response = br.response()  # this is a copy of response
  s = response.read()
  print response.read()
  print s
  #we now have the semester page...
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
  ff = d.xpath(fnamepath)
  fname = ff[0].nodeValue
  print "fname = ",fname
  br.select_form(name="main")<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< error happens....


output
------------------------
fname =  main
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./stest.py", line 156, in ?
    br.select_form(name="main")
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 352, in
select_form
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 296, in
forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 510, in forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 226, in forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/ClientForm.py", line 922, in
ParseResponse
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/ClientForm.py", line 952, in ParseFile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 95, in feed
    self.goahead(0)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 165, in goahead
    k = self.parse_declaration(i)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/markupbase.py", line 89, in parse_declaration
    decltype, j = self._scan_name(j, i)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/markupbase.py", line 378, in _scan_name
    self.error("expected name token at %r"
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 102, in error
    raise SGMLParseError(message)
sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'


partial html
-----------------------------------
</table>
<br />
<FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">







-----Original Message-----
From: wwwsearch-general-bounces at lists.sourceforge.net
[mailto:wwwsearch-general-bounces at lists.sourceforge.net]On Behalf Of
John J Lee
Sent: Sunday, July 09, 2006 9:51 AM
To: wwwsearch-general at lists.sf.net
Subject: Re: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors


On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, Titus Brown wrote:
[...]
> Define "better patch"...?  The code I sent out before lets ClientForm
> parse otherwise unparseable HTML, and it works fine.  I suppose it's
> less elegant than having two separate while loops; is that what you
> mean?

No, I just hate going one char at a time in Python.  Surely this should be
fixed somewhere else?  (I'm not sure where; I haven't looked recently)

If you've determined that fixing it elsewhere pulls in too much code or
requires a fix to stdlib code (if so, why?), maybe I should do as you
suggest anyway, but I don't like it.


> -> > The problem I have is that there's literally no way to pass
> -> > configuration parameters like 'ignore_errors' down from the
> -> > mechanize.Factory.forms() call.
> ->
> -> You can reimplement FormsFactory.  It's a trivial (if slightly verbose)
> -> class, right?
>
> I could do that, yes.  But I'd also need to redefine Factory.forms(),
> too, which calls FormsFactory.

Why?  You can supply your own FormsFactory, as DefaultFactory does.

[...]
> -> > Separately, it'd be nice if ignore_errors wasn't hardcoded as False
in
> -> > ParseFile ;).
> ->
> -> I'm not sure what you want here.  Could you send a patch?
>
> Line 914 of ClientForm.py should be changed to 'ignore_errors,'

Oh.  Sure, if I apply a patch to enable ignore_errors, I'll of course do
that too.


John



-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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From bj_666 at gmx.net  Fri Jul 28 06:38:31 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 12:38:31 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1154080289.251993.137560@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.10.38.28.699830@gmx.net>

In <1154080289.251993.137560 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, Timo wrote:

> Steve Jobless kirjoitti:
> 
>> Let's say the class is defined as:
>>
>>   class MyClass:
>>     def __init__(self):
>>       pass
>>     def func(self):
>>       return 123
>>
>> But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
>>
>>   x = MyClass()
>>   x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
>>
>> or even:
>>
>>   x.func = 789
>>
>> After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.
>>
> 
> You can avoid the problem by using the __slots__ definition and
> new-style classes (inherit from object):
> 
> class MyClass(object):
> 
>     __slots__ = ('bar',)
> 
>     def func(self):
>         return 123
> 
> x = MyClass()
> x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
> ==>
> AttributeError: 'MyClass' object has no attribute
> 'instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class'
> 
> x.func = 789
> ==>
> AttributeError: 'MyClass' object attribute 'func' is read-only
> 
> Only the bar-attribute can be set:
> 
> x.bar = 'foo'

This avoids the problem but you get others in return.  And it's an abuse
of `__slots__` which is meant as a way to save memory if you need really
many objects of that type and not as "protection".

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From john106henry at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 13:46:55 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:46:55 -0700
Subject: Better utilization of duo-core?
Message-ID: <1152812815.820928.238830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi list,

I have a Python ap that starts another non-Pythoon ap for number
crunching.  My new notebook comes with a duo-core CPU.  I tried
manually running 2 copies of my ap at the same time) and it appears to
run the whole job faster (or at least the CPU loading level as show by
the task manager appears so).  So, I want my Python code to do this
automatically.

How do I detect whether I have additional CPUs in the system?  The
google search turns up answer about a Sun workstation but not Windows
XP.

Thanks,



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 22 05:15:27 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 11:15:27 +0200
Subject: Is it possible to get image size before/without downloading?
References: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153557362.785142.11200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153558311.200477.77950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.22.09.15.26.981881@gmx.net>

In <1153558311.200477.77950 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, aldonnelley
wrote:

> (Oh, and if anyone still has a bright idea about how to get image
> dimensions without downloading, it'd be great to hear!)

Most image formats have some sort of header with the dimensions
information so it's enough to download this header.  Depends on the image
format how much of the file has to be read and how the information is
encoded.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 11:06:09 2006
From: jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com (James Thiele)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:06:09 -0700
Subject: builtin function compile exceptions thrown?
References: <1153932479.374787.230890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c865bb$0$16227$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1154012769.849729.67000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Thank you,
James

Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> James Thiele wrote:
> > What exceptions (if any) can the python builtin compile() function
> > throw besides SyntaxError?
>
> - TypeError, if the parameters are wrong/too many/too few
> - Any errors that a codec may raise, if there is an encoding
>   declaration, plus (pre 2.5) MemoryError if the encoding is
>   unknown.
> - MemoryError, if you run out of memory
> - SystemError, for various internal-error conditions
> 
> Regards,
> Martin



From mrmakent at cox.net  Fri Jul  7 18:48:15 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 15:48:15 -0700
Subject: 2 problems
In-Reply-To: <1152311481.321408.253040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152311481.321408.253040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152312494.942347.176170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


symonlandor at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,Im using Python 2.4.2 and I'm starting a few very basic
> programs,but theres two problems I've not found the answers for.
> My first problem is I need code that will count the number of letters
> in a string and return that number to a variable.

>>> s = "hello"
>>> len(s)
5

> My second problem stems from the first as I need a function that can
> slice the string into letters and have those put in seperate
> strings.Ive tried using the normal [:1],[:2],etc but I need a function
> that can do that a variable amount of times due to the varying number
> of letters in the input.

>>> s = "hello"
>>> list(s)
['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']

>
> This would be of great help,as python is new to me.

Welcome aboard!



From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 14:00:36 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 19:00:36 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:20:44 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> May I suggest that you learn some Lisp dialect ?

Nope. I hate Lisp syntax. 

>> Of course, I you like, you can freeze every object you want and nobody can
>> be able to open and change it. You can also trace all activity for changing
>> something to objects because Ruby has nice system hooks implemented.
> 
> __getattribute__ / __setattr__ / __delattr__

This is not the same. Ruby can also lock access to attributes. Freezing is
different. It can freeze any object so you will not be able to add or
delete any method. Once freezed object cannot be unfrozen. So you can be
sure that nobody will change you classes if you do not like.
 
> And of course import hooks.

Python?? Where?

>> Ruby
>> has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
>> attributes,
> 
> This is not "security", this is data-hiding. 

No. Data hiding are in Python. Ruby uses security similiar to Java. If the
class has method marked as private it cannot be used in children classes. 

> And IIRC, Ruby's attributes are always private

Yes and no. Yes, because you cannot read them directly without accessors.
And no, because you can read them if you set proper accessor.

>> In past Python had Bastion module (http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-Bastion.html) 
>> but it was rejected and now Python has nothing.
> 
> Seems like Zope is not doing so bad...

Zope is only a great application. Invision Power Board or ezPublish are
also great application, but it does not mean that PHP is great language. :)

Python has no security at all. I has only convention and mangling. Of
course somebode can say, it is enough, and maybe it is. But I think, that
this might be another reason why Java guys prefer Ruby to Python.

-- 
Jaroslaw Zabiello
http://blog.zabiello.com


From sxn02 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 12:08:45 2006
From: sxn02 at yahoo.com (Sorin Schwimmer)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:08:45 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Tkinter, grid, in_: widget definition order significant ?!
Message-ID: <20060704160845.30856.qmail@web32906.mail.mud.yahoo.com>

Hi,

Working on my current project, I discovered the following behaviour: a widget defined before the window in which I try to grid it won't show up, but will take space and behave like it is there (blind typing proves it). A widget defined after the griding window will come up fine. The following example illustrates my point:

<code>
from Tkinter import *

r=Tk()
l1=Label(r, text='first label')
f=Frame(r)
f.grid()
l1.grid(in_=f, row=0)
l2=Label(r, text='second label')
l2.grid(in_=f, row=1)
</code>

On my system (Gentoo Linux, Python 2.4.1) l1 (defined before f) takes spaces, but is invisible, while l2 (defined after f) is OK.

That's the way it is intended to be? How would I grid stuff in dynamically created windows?

Thanks for your advice,
Sorin Schwimmer

 		
---------------------------------
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From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 10 03:36:16 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 09:36:16 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>

Chris Smith schrieb:
> For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we 
> were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type 
> Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few 
> (infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain 
> the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:
> 
>     Person{age:{18..29}}
> 
> But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice
> property called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to
> make one of a few choices: [...] (c) invent some kind of generic
> constraint language so that constraints like this could be expressed
> without exposing field names. [...] Choice (c), though, looks a
> little daunting.

That's not too difficult.
Start with boolean expressions.
If you need to check everything statically, add enough constraints that 
they become decidable.
For the type language, you also need to add primitives for type 
checking, and if the language is stateful, you'll also want primitives 
for accessing earlier states (most notably at function entry).

> So I'll stop there.  The point is that while it is emphatically true 
> that this kind of stuff is possible, it is also very hard in Java.

No surprise: It's always very hard to retrofit an inference system to a 
language that wasn't designed for it.

This doesn't mean it can't be done. Adding genericity to Java was a 
pretty amazing feat.
(But I won't hold my breath for a constraint-style type system in Java 
anyway... *gg*)

Regards,
Jo


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:54:04 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:54:04 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1331yg5svcb0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-28 15:20:52, Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> Typically, "variable" implies a data storage location that can take on
>> different values. Emphasis on "location" -- the name is fixed to a
>> memory location whose contents can be varied.
> 
> That is not true. It may be the case in a number of languages but my
> experience with lisp and smalltalk, though rather limited, says that no
> such memory location is implied with the word "variable" in those
> languages and AFAIK they don't have a problem with the word "variable"
> either. 
> 
>> In Python, the closest would be a mutable object.

Maybe this gets somewhere. Consider variable != constant. Python names are
variables in that what they refer to (what is associated with them through
a dict) can be changed, through various means (most commonly assignment).
They are also variables in that what they refer to (usually) can be
changed. Whether an assignment or some other command changes the reference
association or the referenced object is one of the confusing issues with
Python. But that doesn't make a variable less variable... :)

Gerhard



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:27:41 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:27:41 -0400
Subject: pyExcelerator - Can I read and modify an existing Excel-WorkBook?
In-Reply-To: <44B3E387.7050606@websafe.com>
References: <mailman.8024.1152627147.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4uWdnU7ccvDrKC7ZnZ2dnUVZ_u-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<312cfe2b0607110904h2b2b441dvc5b76dbbd47d42d9@mail.gmail.com>
	<44B3E387.7050606@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607111127u70fbec40lf6f5a9fea738f256@mail.gmail.com>

No, by it I meant pyExcelerator :-)

On 7/11/06, Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:
> If by "it" you mean Excel's COM interface, it most certainly will.
> With COM you call all the same functions/methods that Microsoft
> calls to open, save, and manipulate the spreadsheet.
>
> Here are a few links that might help:
>
> http://mathieu.fenniak.net/plotting-in-excel-through-pythoncom/
> http://www.markcarter.me.uk/computing/python/excel.html
> http://mathieu.fenniak.net/plotting-in-excel-through-pythoncom/
>
> Hope info helps.
>
> -Larry
>
> Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> > I'm pretty sure it doesn't support reading an existing document.  That
> > would be useful.
> >
> > On 7/11/06, Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:
> >> Marco Aschwanden wrote:
> >> >
> >> > Hi
> >> >
> >> > I would like to
> >> >   1. import an existing Excel-sheet (a template)
> >> >   2. and add some data to it
> >> >   3. and save it under a different name afterwards.
> >> >
> >> > To me it seems, that pyExcelerator does not support the reading for
> >> > modification of an Excel-sheet. It allows only the "parse_xls" but I
> >> > would like to keep the "formatting" in the template.
> >> >
> >> > Did I miss a "load", "read" or "open" function in pyExcelerator that
> >> > would hand me back a WorkBook?
> >> >
> >> > Greetings,
> >> > Marco
> >> >
> >> >
> >> If you are on Windows, you may find using COM interface to
> >> actual Excel application easier.
> >>
> >> -Larry Bates
> >> --
> >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> >>
> >
> >
>
>


-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 20 03:50:23 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 07:50:23 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<donn-B03ED8.13452219072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
Message-ID: <slrnebuddu.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-19, Donn Cave <donn at u.washington.edu> wrote:
> In article <e9ksvr$g8u$1 at news.albasani.net>,
>  Georg Brandl <g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net> wrote:
>> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>
>> > One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
>> > type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary values
>> > can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit comparison
>> > if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
>> 
>> You can do that, but it's not considered Pythonic. And it might be 
>> ineffective.
>> 
>> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
>> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
>> this?
>
> I don't know whether she would welcome this or not, but here
> I provide an archive link to a classic post by Laura Creighton
> on this matter:
>
> http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/2de5e1c8384c0360
>
> It's lengthy but very readable, and for me it has that quality of
> exposition where you feel at first reading as though you had
> already known all that -- even if you really hadn't.

Well for me it wasn't, I don't agree with it at all.

IMO, whether something is to be considered "True" or "False"
is application dependent. There are cases where I would
consider an empty sequence as True, because a sequence in
itself would mean, continue and the members would be
the current available elements to be processed.

Nothing is IMO not specific enough and doesn't make
the disctinction between nothing (temporarily) now
and nothing more (for ever).

That is why I think the distinction between True and
False is more usefull than the distinction between
nothing and something.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From joncashman_1967 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 13:00:25 2006
From: joncashman_1967 at hotmail.com (jon cashman)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:00:25 -0500
Subject: extender method
In-Reply-To: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <BAY12-F592F03B81DA3B5D277477895B0@phx.gbl>


>>>class S:
	def __init__(self, **k): self.data = k


>>>class E(S):
	def __init__(self, **k):
		S.__init__(self, **k)


>>>x = E(a=1)
>>>print x.data
{'a': 1}
>>>




>From: davehowey at f2s.com
>To: python-list at python.org
>Subject: extender method
>Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:21:10 -0700
>
>'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
>explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
>follows:
>
>class Super:
>    def method(self):
>    # do stuff
>
>class Extender(Super):
>    def method(self):
>    Super.method(self)   # call the method in super
>    # do more stuff - additional stuff here
>
>
>
>I'm trying to use this for a superclass called 'component' in the
>constructor. I have different types of component (let's say for
>arguments sake resistor, capacitor etc). When I instantiate a new
>resistor, say, I want the constructor to call the constructor within
>the component superclass, and then add some resistor-specific stuff.
>
>Now, this is fine using the above code. Where I'm struggling is with
>argument passing. The following, for example, doesn't seem to work:
>
>class Super:
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    self.data = kargs
>
>class Extender(Super):
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    Super.__init__(self, kargs)   # call the constructor method in Super
>    # do additional extender-specific stuff here
>
>What am I doing wrong? I get:
>TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
>WARNING: Failure executing file: <main.py>
>
>Dave
>
>--
>http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

_________________________________________________________________
Is your PC infected? Get a FREE online computer virus scan from McAfee? 
Security. http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul 16 08:43:52 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 14:43:52 +0200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <44b9fedb@news.eftel.com>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8222.1153034192.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b9fedb@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <e9dca7$8f2$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Machin wrote:

>> 'sed' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
>> operable program or batch file.
> 
> aarrbejaysus #2: Download the installer from
> 
>      http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/sed.htm

in a way, this kind of advice reminds me of

     http://thedailywtf.com/forums/thread/80949.aspx

</F>



From saad82 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 18:46:50 2006
From: saad82 at gmail.com (saad82 at gmail.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:46:50 -0700
Subject: replacing single line of text
Message-ID: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I want to be able to replace a single line in a large text file
(several hundred MB). Using the cookbook's method (below) works but I
think the replace fxn chokes on such a large chunk of text. For now, I
simply want to replace the 1st line (CSV header) in the file but I'd
also like to know a more general solution for any line in the file.
There's got a be quick and dirty (and cheap) way to do this... any
help?

Cookbook's method:
output_file.write(input_file.read().replace(stext, rtext))

Thanks,
Pythonner



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 20:20:34 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 17:20:34 -0700
Subject: Global "except" condition
References: <1152572125.908057.111880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152577234.759955.230140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ernesto wrote:
> Within the scope of one Python file (say myFile.py), I'd like to print
> a message on ANY exception that occurs in THAT file, dependent on a
> condition.
>
> Here's the pseudocode:
>
> if anyExceptionOccurs():
>       if myCondition:
>             print "Here's my global exception message"
>
>
> Is this functionality possible in python?  If so, how?

Either wrap all your module level code in a try:.. except:.. statement,
or you can replace the sys.excepthook() function with your own custom
function (see http://docs.python.org/lib/module-sys.html)  but that
would then be called for all uncaught exceptions, even those that were
raised from modules other than your myFile.py.

HTH,
~Simon



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 00:56:10 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:56:10 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
>
>     if 0 <= i <= 10000:

I'm assuming you used Python's compound comparison as opposed to the
C-style of and'ing two comparisons together to emphasize the fact it is
god's chosen way of doing this ;-)



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:02:30 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:02:30 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8420.1153582166.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153594950.445695.141250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

David G. Wonnacott wrote:
> From: "danielx" <danielwong at berkeley.edu>
>    Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:43:30 -0700
>
>    Boris Borcic wrote:
>    > does
>    >
>    > x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>    >
>    > pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>
> ...
>
>    Let e be the element which was in the first position to begin with.
>    What are its chances of being there after being "sorted"? Well, in
>    order for it to still be there, it would have to survive N rounds of
>    selection. In each selection, it has 1/2 chance of surviving. That
>    means its total chance of survival is 1/(2**N), which is much less than
>    1/N. QED!
>
>
> This proof makes sense to me if the sorting algorithm makes a random
> decision every time it swaps.
>
> Couldn't we easily get an n*log(n) shuffle by performing a _single_
> mapping of each element in the collection to a pair made up of a
> random key and its value, and then sorting based on the keys and
> stripping them out? i.e., in O(n) time, turn
>
>    "2 clubs", "2 diamonds", "2 hearts", "2 spades", "3 clubs"
>
> into something like
>
>    [0.395, "2 clubs"], [0.158, "2 diamonds"], [0.432, "2 hearts"], [0.192, "2 spades"], [0.266, "3 clubs"]
>
> and then in O(n*log(n)) time, sort it into
>
>    [0.158, "2 diamonds"], [0.192, "2 spades"], [0.266, "3 clubs"], [0.395, "2 clubs"], [0.432, "2 hearts"]
>
> and then strip out the keys again in O(n) time?
>
> Or perhaps this has been discussed already and I missed that part? I
> just joined the list... apologies if this is a repeat.
>

Yes, that would work beautifully. You could use the key argument of
list.sort. What we are talking about though, is using the cmp argument.
I.e. will list.sort(cmp=lambda:???) be able to give you a shuffle? I
think most of us think this depends on what sort algorithm Python uses.

>
>
>    You can accomplish this by doing what I will call "random selection".
>    It would be like linear selection, except you wouldn't bother checking
>    the head against every other element. When you want to figure out what
>    to put at the head, just pick at random! I suspect this is what Python
>    does in random.shuffle, since it is rather an easy to see it would
>    result in something uniform (I swear I haven't looked at the source
>    code for random.shuffle :P).
>
>
> But, after making the linear selection, don't you still need to use
> O(log(n)) time to find and remove the item from the collection? I
> don't know much about Python's internal data structures, but if
> there's an array in there, you need O(n) time to move up everything
> after the deleted item; if there's a list, you need O(n) time to find
> the element you picked at random; if there's a balanced tree, you
> could find it and delete it in O(log(n)) time...

I'm almost sure there's a C array back there as well (well, not
techinically an array, but something from malloc), because indexing a
Python list is supposed to be "fast". It would take constant time to
put something at the head. Just swap with the thing that's already
there. Since you have to do this swap for each position, it takes time
proportional to N.

When I originally came up with this idea, I was thinking you would not
choose a new head among previously chosen heads. But if you do allow
that, I think it will still be uniform. So my original idea was
something like this:

  1  2  3  4
# ^ head pos
stage 0: we need to choose something to put in pos 0. We can choose
anything to go there.

(swap)
  3  2  1  4
#    ^ head pos
stage 1: we need to choose something to put in pos 1. We can choose
among things in positions greater than or equal to 1 ie, we may choose
among 2 1 4.

etc.

This is what I meant when I said this would be like linear selection,
because once something is in its correct position, it doesn't get
moved. But you might also be able to achieve a uniform sort if in
stages 1 and up, you are still allowed to choose anything you want to
be the head. I'll let someone else figure it out :P.

>
> Help me review my undergraduate data structures here -- is there some
> way to pick each item _exactly_once_ in O(n) time?

I think I answered this in the first segment of this post. Let me know
if I don't seem clear.

> 
> Dave Wonnacott



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 09:55:35 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:55:35 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e90akn$d0q$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Ant" <antroy at gmail.com> wrote:

> The question is, is this a reasonable thing to do?

absolutely.  a test framework "DSL" is a perfectly valid use case for
function attributes.

> It works, but is it considered bad practice to add attributes to functions?

nope (at least not in small doses ;-)

> And are there any dangers?

nope.

</F> 





From bgporter at acm.org  Wed Jul 26 09:08:55 2006
From: bgporter at acm.org (Brett g Porter)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:08:55 -0400
Subject: xmlrpclib and methods declared at runtime
In-Reply-To: <535dc250ifvp3pokupb44e0nj3o4erbvil@4ax.com>
References: <535dc250ifvp3pokupb44e0nj3o4erbvil@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44C76967.7030506@acm.org>

squid wrote:
> 
> Based on having read the python tutorial and remembering the list of
> built-in functions, my guess would have been calling setattr in the
> constructor or after doing a listMethods operation against the XML-RPC
> server.. That is, assuming the XML-RPC service supports this api..
> something like that.. But that does not seem to be the case here, as a
> search of xmlrpclib.py does not show ANY instances of setattr being
> used. I did, however, notice some cases of classes implementing a
> __getattr__ method, which leads me to the question of how the
> interpreter performs lookup of methods when they are called. Does it
> use getattr itself? Is it possible to, say, effectively override
> getattr for a specific class, thereby returning a pointer to a generic
> function that could be used to handle... well.. everything?
> 

You seem to have gotten it. When Python can't find an attribute in an 
object's dict, it then looks for the magic __getattr__ method. If it's 
present, it passes that method the name that you're looking for. This 
lets you synthesize attributes and methods at runtime.

 >>> class Foo(object):
...    def __getattr__(self, name):
...       return name.upper()
...
 >>> f = Foo()
 >>> f.test
'TEST'

With xml-rpc, a method call on your side of the connection is 
implemented by building up an XML message and sending it to the server 
-- rather than statically try to figure out what oprations the server 
supports, xmlrpclib will happily attempt to call any method name that 
you can think of, and let the server tell you if there's an error.



It's probably not a good idea to let __getattr__ handle EVERYTHING your 
class needs to do, but in cases like this where you don't know in 
advance what the class will need to handle, it lets your code hide the 
magic in a way that lets the users of your code forget that there's 
anything magic going on at all. It just looks like code.

-- 
// Brett g Porter * bgp at bgporter.net
// http://www.bgporter.net/blog


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:22:08 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:22:08 -0700
Subject: Python help for Access database
In-Reply-To: <1154382293.913563.176050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154372959.458828.158450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154382293.913563.176050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154384528.003813.79070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:

>> or mxODBC
>> [very good but not free].

I love mxODBC. It's free for noncommercial use.

http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxODBC.html

rd



From bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com  Thu Jul  6 09:45:17 2006
From: bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com (Bill Scherer)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 09:45:17 -0400
Subject: Python password display
In-Reply-To: <NYOBGCEXSMTP22cIodG0005e2f1@NYOBGCEXSMTP22.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
References: <NYOBGCEXSMTP22cIodG0005e2f1@NYOBGCEXSMTP22.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
Message-ID: <44AD13ED.7080101@verizonwireless.com>

Johhny wrote:

> Hello,
>
> I am currently writing some python code which requires the use of a
> password. Currently I am using the raw_input function to take the users
> input in and use it. One problem with that is the password is displayed
> in clear text on the console of the server. I would like to work on a
> way around that. Is there any built in method
>
yes:

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-getpass.html

> to do that or any
> how-to's around the Internet / Advice that I could research?
>
> Regards,
>
> Johhny.
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Tue Jul  4 16:39:13 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 20:39:13 GMT
Subject: built in zip function speed
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152027366.639446.67550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <871wt19kb2.fsf@reportlab.com>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com writes:
[...]
> (Instead of numarray you can use ScyPy, numerics, etc.)
> If your data in on disk you can avoid the list=>array conversion, and
> load the data from the numerical library itself, this is probably
> almost as fast as doing the same thing in C.

Apparently if you're starting to write numerical code with Python
these days you should use numpy, not Numeric or numarray.

(Note that in old postings you'll see 'numpy' used as a synonym for
what's now strictly called 'Numeric'.  First came Numeric, then the
offshoots/rewrites numarray and scipy-core, and now numpy has come
along to re-unify the two camps -- hooray!)


John


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 19 06:29:36 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:29:36 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
In-Reply-To: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153304976.546230.316970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

alfa1234:
> Does anyone know and equalent way to confirm a Variable from the same
> property file using PYTHON code ???

Using globals(), locals(), and dir() you can find if your name exists
already.

Bye,
bearophile



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 20:24:32 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 17:24:32 -0700
Subject: python guru in the Bay Area
Message-ID: <01fc01c69d6d$e4f95760$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

is there someone in the Bay Area who knows python, that I can talk to ... I
have the shell of a real basic app, and I'd like someone who can walk me
through how to set it up.

i'm talking about passing arrays, setting up global data, etc... basically,
if i can create a shell for what i'm trying to create, i should be ok..

lunch of course, would be on me!!

thanks

-bruce

ps. yeah.. i know i could eventually figure most of this by
searching/experimenting/etc... using google.. but i'd rather move as fast as
possible.




From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sun Jul  2 18:00:03 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 15:00:03 -0700
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
In-Reply-To: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44a83c9d$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Adam wrote:
> Where should a py newbie start to do some 2D graphs on screen ? 
>     PythonGraphApi, 
>     Gato, looks interesting 
>     pygraphlib, 
>     matplotlib, 
> is there a best native Python place to start ? 

Check VPython (maybe least learning effort to first usable graphs).
Also look at PyGame if you want to paint screens.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul 18 16:08:45 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:08:45 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153253325.586859.176520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

T wrote:
> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>   print line

Close the file in Jython, but often it's not necessary in CPython.

Bye,
bearophile



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Fri Jul 21 19:13:47 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 23:13:47 GMT
Subject: An optparse question
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87d5byo8k3.fsf@reportlab.com>

"T" <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> writes:
[...]
>  What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
> string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
> So I would like to make it look like this:
> 
> % myprog.py -h
> ************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING ************
> usage: myprog.py [options] input_file
> 
> 
> options:
>   -h, --help             show this help message and exit
>   -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
>   -o FILE               Output file

HelpFormatter is what you need.  Seems undocumented in the official
docs, but doesn't look risky to use (famous last words).  Seems just
that nobody got around to documenting it.

import optparse

class NonstandardHelpFormatter(optparse.HelpFormatter):

    def __init__(self,
                 indent_increment=2,
                 max_help_position=24,
                 width=None,
                 short_first=1):
        optparse.HelpFormatter.__init__(
            self, indent_increment, max_help_position, width, short_first)

    def format_usage(self, usage):
        return "************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING ************\nusage: %s\n" % usage

    def format_heading(self, heading):
        return "%*s%s:\n" % (self.current_indent, "", heading)

parser = optparse.OptionParser(
    usage="%prog [options] input_file",
    formatter=NonstandardHelpFormatter())
parser.parse_args()


John


From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:21:39 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:21:39 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> unless you're willing to build a restricted runtime that runs on top of the core inter-
> preter, you should assume that anyone writing a Python script that's executed by
> your program has access to everything that your Python process has access to...

I think using replacements I can ban atleast OS module and about files,
either i should ban file open or write my own module something like
rexec, truefully i dont know if I can write that one or not. I was
thinking that this gonna take few days but looking much more difficult.
Thanks Fred! for nice tutorials on www.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 08:10:14 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:10:14 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr><1152185118.897085.170570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e8itfe$7ha$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8iuj7$bn2$1@sea.gmane.org>

> hint 1:

hint 1b:

>>> eval("[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]")
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>>> eval("[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]\n")
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>>> eval("[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]\r\n")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<string>", line 1
    [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
                                                          ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

</F> 





From sjobless at rotten.apple.commie  Mon Jul 24 22:49:06 2006
From: sjobless at rotten.apple.commie (Steve Jobless)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 02:49:06 GMT
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
Message-ID: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>

Hi,

I just started learning Python. I went through most of the tutorial at
python.org. But I noticed something weird. I'm not talking about the
__private hack.

Let's say the class is defined as:

  class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
      pass
    def func(self):
      return 123

But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:

  x = MyClass()
  x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456

or even:

  x.func = 789

After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.

Are these bugs or features? If they are features, don't they create
problems as the project gets larger?

TIA,

SJ


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 17:15:48 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 14:15:48 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-24, Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:
> > nephish at xit.net wrote:
> >
> >> now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
> >> the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
> >> real values out of this message.
>
> What is meant by "real values"?
>

:-)
I guess he means "real" as opposed to unreal/surreal/virtual/imagined,
not as in the FORTRAN programmer's credo:
"""
GOD is REAL
JESUS is INTEGER
"""
(-:



From klappnase at web.de  Fri Jul 14 10:28:53 2006
From: klappnase at web.de (klappnase at web.de)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 07:28:53 -0700
Subject: Tix.Grid patch
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8132.1152805376.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152804441.352584.87690@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8132.1152805376.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152887333.470902.50650@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh schrieb:
>
> if you'd spent enough time clicking around on python.org, you might have ended
> up on this page:
>
>     http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470&atid=305470
>
> (it's not obvious how to get there, so it's probably easiest if you just click on the
> above link ;-)
>
> </F>

Thanks Fredrik,

I just uploaded the patch, hope everything is ok.

Michael



From bill.pursell at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 17:12:19 2006
From: bill.pursell at gmail.com (Bill Pursell)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 14:12:19 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Yi Xing wrote:
> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #).
> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast
> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os,sys
line = int(sys.argv[1])
path = sys.argv[2]
os.system("sed -n %dp %s"%(line,path))


Some might argue that this is not really doing
it in Python.  In fact, I would argue that!  But if
you're at a command prompt and you want to
see line 7358, it's much easier to type
% sed -n 7358p
than it is to write the python one-liner.



From baileyxia at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:37:29 2006
From: baileyxia at gmail.com (baileyxia at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:37:29 -0700
Subject: Problem when import C model
Message-ID: <1151919449.671545.191000@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Hi, all
I am learning how to import c code in python.
Here is my simple code foo.c:
=====================
#include <Python.h>
void bar()
{
  printf("Hello! C wrap!");
}
static PyObject *foo_bar(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
/* Do something interesting here. */
  bar();
  Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
static PyMethodDef foo_methods[] = {
  { "bar", (PyCFunction)foo_bar, METH_NOARGS, NULL },
  { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
};
PyMODINIT_FUNC initfoo() {
  Py_InitModule3("foo", foo_methods, "My first extension module.");
}
=====================
I use gcc to compile the foo.c:
gcc -shared -I/usr/local/python/2.4.2/include/python2.4 -fPIC foo.c -o
foo.so

Problem is:
I can import foo on linux 64-bit platform if I also run gcc on linux
64-bit platform.
But I can not import foo on linux 64-bit platform if I run gcc on linux
32-bit platform.
Here is the error messege:
=====================
traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
ImportError: ./foo.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or
directory
=====================

I can not figure out what cause this problem. wrong gcc option? wrong
python code?



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 25 15:14:16 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:14:16 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
Message-ID: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz>

This program:

import sys
import traceback
import cStringIO

a = 1.0
b = 0.0
try:
    c=a/b
except:    
    f = cStringIO.StringIO('')
    ei = sys.exc_info()
    traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)

raises this exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Documents and Settings/gandalf/test.py", line 12, in ?
    traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 124, in print_exception
    _print(file, 'Traceback (most recent call last):')
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 13, in _print
    file.write(str+terminator)
AttributeError: 'cStringIO.StringI' object has no attribute 'write'

What is 'cStringIO.StringI' anyway? Shouldn't it be 'cStringIO.StringIO'?

   Laszlo



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 01:11:27 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 22:11:27 -0700
Subject: Authentication
References: <1153263972.028733.31200@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153285887.123809.102960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Matheus,
There is libgmail @ http://libgmail.sourceforge.net/
Here is the excerpt from their page.
"""
The following code logs into an account, retrieves a list of threads,
displays information about them and displays the source of the
individual messages.
"""
import libgmail
ga = libgmail.GmailAccount("google at gmail.com", "mymailismypass")
ga.login()
folder = ga.getMessagesByFolder('inbox')
for thread in folder:
  print thread.id, len(thread), thread.subject
  for msg in thread:
    print "  ", msg.id, msg.number, msg.subject
    print msg.source
------------------------------------
I tried it before and it didn't work, it said login failed. Perhaps it
will work for you. Looking at the source is always a GoodThing
(especially if you give your password to a program you just downloaded
as an input...).

Nick Vatamaniuc


bigodines wrote:
> Hello guys,
>
> I'm trying to learn python by making some small programs that could be
> useful for some bigger propouses. In fact, i've made a small "check
> latest-modified" for webpages and it's working great.
>
> The next step I would like to do is to check if I have new e-mails (I
> don't wanna read it from my program, i just wanna it to tells me "yes,
> you have new mail(s)" or "no".
>
> My question is, how do I log into my google account using urllib2 to
> check this? Does anyone have a sample script that I can use or
> something to help me?
> 
> thanks in advice,
> Matheus



From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 15:48:54 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:48:54 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
In-Reply-To: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


T wrote:
> I have a short program using optparse.OptionParser that prints out help
> message with -h flag:
>
> % myprog.py -h
> usage: myprog.py [options] input_file
>
> options:
>   -h, --help             show this help message and exit
>   -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
>   -o FILE               Output file
>
>
> My question is, is there a way to print a blank line (or any string)
> before "usage: myprog.py [options] input_file" ?  I tried using
> callbacks without success.  I think somehow I need to modify the
> behavior of optparse.OptionParser.print_usage() function?

you can make the usage line anything you want.

...
usage = 'This is a line before the usage line\nusage %prog [options]
input_file'
parser = OptionsParser(usage=usage)
parser.print_help()
...



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 20:31:14 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 17:31:14 -0700
Subject: python function defs/declarations
Message-ID: <032a01c69e37$ff98ed40$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi..

the docs state that the following is valid...

def foo():
 i = 2
 print "i = "i

print "hello"
foo()


is there a way for me to do this..

print "hello"
foo()

def foo():
 i = 2
 print "i = "i

ie, to use 'foo' prior to the declaration of 'foo'

thanks

-bruce



From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Wed Jul 12 01:30:37 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 05:30:37 GMT
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
Message-ID: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>

Before I get too carried away with something that's probably 
unnecessary, please allow me to throw around some ideas. I've been 
looking for a method of transparent, scalable, and human-readable object 
persistence, and I've tried the standard lib's Shelve, Zope's ZODB, 
Divmod's Axiom, and others. However, while they're all useful, none 
satisfies all my criteria. So I started writing some toy code of my own: 
http://paste.plone.org/5227

All my code currently does is transparently keep track of object changes 
without requiring any special coding on part of the user, and a function 
to convert an object to a file system hierarchy of folders and files. 
Please, let me know what you think.

Thanks,
Chris


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 31 18:26:25 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 00:26:25 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154380028.635992.300770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<mailman.8754.1154379557.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154380028.635992.300770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ce81a3$0$18942$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

northband a ?crit :
> So seems the best approach would be a MVC model rather than server
> scripting?  

This is still "server-scripting" - at least since on the server-side and 
is done with something frequently labelled as a "script language" !-)

> Currently our site is built with a closed source hypertext
> preprocessor much like PHP.  So it would be easier for us to script
> another site,

Depends on how your app is written - one can do MVC with PHP too.

> but if we would gain performance via a MVC model,

This won't change anything to performances. What you can gain is a 
better design, well-decoupled code, hence far less maintenance problems.

> 
> I am not very familiar with developing via MVC,  any good tutorials out
> there or good places to start? 

Do the Django tutorial. They actually name things differently (ie they 
call controllers views and views templates), which can be a bit 
misleading, but that's really MVC.



From cdsmith at twu.net  Sun Jul 16 14:28:37 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 12:28:37 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<sddwtadbkst.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<1153071347.282931.203960@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f24333f84d7a29198968a@news.altopia.net>

We Chris's stick together, as always.

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Unfortunately, they are the right level.  Actually,the right level
> > might even be lower, the fields within a record, but that's moving
> > even farther away from the direction you wish to go.  The right level
> > is the lowest level at which the programmer can see and manipulate
> > values.
> 
> But how is this not always "the bit"?

First of all, we should be consistent in speaking about the logical 
language semantics, which may not include bits anyway.

That said, if bits were the primitive concept of data in a language, 
then we'd be able to get away with talking about higher-level concepts 
because we agree to always manipulate a larger structure (a byte, for 
example) as a pure value.  If we were using bitwise operators, then we 
wouldn't be able to get away with it, for example.  That said, it's also 
quite possible to consider aliasing on higher levels as well; it's just 
not possible to point out the lack of aliasing for higher levels of 
abstraction, and thus conclude that no aliasing exists.  Aliasing is 
still possible for entities within those layers of abstraction.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From dananrg at yahoo.com  Wed Jul  5 16:03:18 2006
From: dananrg at yahoo.com (dananrg at yahoo.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:03:18 -0700
Subject: Module for creating a screenshot of a web page given a URL?
Message-ID: <1152129798.085736.144430@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Is there a Python module that, given a URL, will grab a screenshot of
the web page it goes to? I'd like to be able to feed such a module a
list of URLs from a file.

Thanks very much.



From aleax at mac.com  Wed Jul 12 10:34:37 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 07:34:37 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
References: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152690439.515056.101010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152713520.974044.249120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hicq6y.abf9sblljb3N%aleax@mac.com>

JKPeck <JKPeck at gmail.com> wrote:

> Thanks for the advice.  Once assured that __hash__ etc was the right
> route, I found that using hash() instead of object.__hash__() gave me
> stable hash valules.  (I am hashing strings that I know to be unique.)
> 
> The "no luck" situation was that a set would accept the same object
> multiple times, not recognizing that it was truly the same object.

Your problem may have been exactly that you were misunderstanding the
nature and functionality of object.__hash__:

>>> x='guess what'
>>> id(x)
360720
>>> object.__hash__(x)
360720

As you see, what it does is return the id() of the object (that's how
objects are hashed -- if they don't implement __eq__ or __cmp__,
equality comparisons also go to the id()'s, so things work;-) -- unless
their type/class overrides __hash__).  Of course, by going directly to
object.__hash__ you're explicitly *avoiding* the override, so...


Alex


From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 18:36:26 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 15:36:26 -0700
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8698.1154174596.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154183217.094059.139770@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<86enc2t28l0k0lqt4teitne7s96lfd88pa@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154212585.965262.220470@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Dennis,

You make a good point, that is what I though first. Semantically I
thought a comma after **kw as in ..., **kw,) doesn't make sense because
there is nothing that could follow **kw except the ')'. But then trying
some other cases (see the previous posts for my examples) I noticed
that commas aren't allowed after *pos_args also. For example if ....,
*pos_args,) would be an error BUT stuff could follow *pos_args and that
could be **kw as in ..., *pos_args,**kw).

In other words the behavior is not consistent. So it seems that 3
things could happen with this:

1) Not allow commas after **kw only. Allow them in any other case,
because semantically 'stuff' could possibly follow.

2) Don't allow extra commas for all the argument lists. In other words
f(1,2,) or f(a=1,b=2,) would be an error.  But then do we want argument
lists to be consistent with tuples as far as syntax goes?

3) Allow trailing commas after all kinds of arguments in the argument
lists. This is what the documentation describes at the moment. I think
this is more sensible. I understand that argument lists and tuples are
not the same, but it would be nice to have a _syntactic_ consistency,
as opposed to 'a surprise'. As in t=(1,2,3,)  f(1,2,3,)  f(1,*[2,3],)
and f(1,*[2],**{'c':3},) should all be 'OK'.

Perhaps more Python core developers would comment...

Nick Vatamaniuc


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 29 Jul 2006 07:26:57 -0700, "Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > Roman,
> >
> > The way  I see it, it could be either way. In other words if I can
> > write f(1,2,3) and f(1,2,3,) I should also be able to write
> > f(1,*[2,3],). It is a really small detail but there sould be some
> > consistency. Either no extra commas for all kinds of argument types or
>
> 	Part of the problem may be that the * notation implies that the
> associated argument is supposed to fill ALL other supplied positional
> arguments -- so what is that empty argument after the , supposed to be
> associated with? A positional argument /after/ all positional arguments?
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/



From skip at pobox.com  Wed Jul 12 09:54:27 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:54:27 -0500
Subject: Progress Bars in python
In-Reply-To: <44B4D1B6.5040508@gmail.com>
References: <44B4D1B6.5040508@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <17588.65299.419261.572364@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Hari> So in order to see that the script is working and not stuck, I'd
    Hari> like to implement some kind of progress bar or something, ...

Here's mine:

    http://orca.mojam.com/~skip/python/progress.py

There are both Progress and Counter classes.  Same idea, different output.

Skip


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Mon Jul 31 09:08:46 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:08:46 +0200
Subject: gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')
Message-ID: <44CE00DE.7060904@designaproduct.biz>


  Hello,

I asked this question about a week ago, but I did not provide a 
traceback. Here is the traceback:

  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request
    self.send_content(h, request_body)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in send_content
    connection.endheaders()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 798, in endheaders
    self._send_output()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 679, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 646, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1072, in connect
    sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
  File "<string>", line 1, in connect
gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')

The program is connecting to the same host about 2 times per minute. 
After running for one or two hours, it raises this exception. Once it 
raised this exception, it keeps raising in. (My program is trying to 
connect but it cannot.) Then I restart my program and it works for 
anoter hour or two. I tried the same program on different machines and 
different operating system, but the error is always the same. Please 
help me identify the problem.

Thanks,

   Laszlo



From Avizoa at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 11:47:44 2006
From: Avizoa at gmail.com (Avizoa at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 08:47:44 -0700
Subject: Controlling Windows Media Player from Python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151941664.616236.260790@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Jeffrey Barish wrote:
> Is there a way to interact with Windows Media Player from Python?  I would
> like to be able to do things like tell WMP to play a given sound file or to
> ask WMP for metadata about a sound file.
> --
> Jeffrey Barish



The fact of the matter is that python doesn't need to ask WMP for the
metadata. Python can get the metadata from the file itself and then
tell the computer to play the file.

If you're looking to do something more complicated, try PyMedia or even
download wxPython and take a look at the examples. There's an embedded
WMP example.



By the way, someone has most likely made a module specifically for
reading the metadata from many types of music files, but I don't have
time to look. Maybe someone else can point you in the right direction.
For telling WMP to play the file you want one of the os.exec variants.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul  6 06:49:38 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 12:49:38 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44aceac2$0$22055$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-05, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
> 
>>>>>>>Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>>
>>>AP> On 2006-07-05, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>>>
>>>>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>>>>(snip)
>>>>>
>>>>>>Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
>>>>>>works,
>>>>>
>>>>>I'm not sure of this.
>>
>>>AP> Should I care about that?
>>
>>Yes, because as long as you don't understand it, you are in for unpleasant
>>surprises. 
> 
> 
> Well if someone explains what is wrong about my understanding, I
> certainly care about that (although I confess to sometimes being
> impatient) but someone just stating he is not sure I understand?

>From what you wrote, I cannot decide if you really understand Python's
lookup rules and poorly express some disagreement on it, or if you just
don't understand Python lookup rules at all.

> 
>>>>>It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
>>>>>between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.
>>
>>>AP> The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
>>>AP> rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
>>>AP> side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
>>>AP> local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
>>>AP> if will also search the outerscopes for the name.

Now it's pretty clear you *don't* understand.

In the second case, ie:

k = [0]
def f(i):
  k[0] += i

'k[0]' is *not* a name. The name is 'k'. If we rewrite this snippet
without all the syntactic sugar, we get something like:

k = [0]
def f(i):
  k.__setitem_(0, k.__getitem__(0) + i)

Now where do you see any rebinding here ?
>
>>No. It will always use the same search order.
> 
> 
> So if I understand you correctly in code like:
> 
>   c.d = a
>   b = a
> 
> All three names 

which ones ?

> are searched for in all scopes between the local en global
> one. 

In this example, we're at the top level, so the local scope is the
global scope. I assert what you meant was:

c = something
a = something_else

def somefunc():
  c.d = a
  b = a

(NB : following observations will refer to this code)

> That is what I understand with your statement that [python] always
> uses the same search order.

yes.


> My impression was that python will search for c and a in the total current
> namespace

what is "the total current namespace" ?

> but will not for b.

b is bound in the local namespace, so there's no need to look for it in
enclosing namespaces.

> 
>>But a variable that is bound
>>inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
>>the local namespace.
>  
> Aren't we now talking about implementation details?

Certainly not. Namespaces and names lookup rules are fundamental parts
of the Python language.

> Sure the compilor
> can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
> so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
> decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
> the scopes higher up.

binding creates a name in the current namespace. b is bound in the local
namespace, so b is local. period.

(snip)



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 03:48:29 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 09:48:29 +0200
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <08c701c69fe1$2e429010$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <08c701c69fe1$2e429010$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <e8fqs8$9tm$1@sea.gmane.org>

bruce wrote:

> basic question..

which means that it can usually be answered by reading the tutorial, the 
FAQ, or by googling for "python" plus your subject line...

> how do i define a multi dimensional array
> 
>  a[10][10]
> 
> is there a kind of a = array(10,10)

http://pyfaq.infogami.com/how-do-i-create-a-multidimensional-list

</F>



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 05:17:27 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 02:17:27 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Lousy Attribute Name:
	self.tmp

Accessors:
	set_temporary_buffer
	get_temporary_buffer

The attribute name I chose, "tmp" sucks. I have used that name in
dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC. There's a chance that other
develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others. Now compare that
to the accessors. Not only do they improve readability at the expense
of more code, they actually allow me to change the lousily named
attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
searching, replacing and praying. Sure, if you are dealing with less
than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.

Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes. This
stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
usually part of the API, as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
blah. I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
state their intended purpose. I don't hold data attributes to such
standards and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
attributes are not intended to be APIs, but eventually become one.
After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
methods.

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Hello,
> >
> > Thanks for the responses. The reason I want to change the name of the
> > attribute is because it doesn't reflect the purpose of the attribute,
> > anymore. The attribute was originally a string object, but not anymore.
> > It is primarily a readability issue. There are also a few key
> > attributes I don't want developers, including myself, fiddling with.
> > Properties /accessors are good because they allow you to encapsulate
> > attributes so you can change implementations at will. Some of you have
> > argued I would have needed to change accessor names too if I had
> > misnamed them earlier. It's hard to say. I find myself changing the
> > names of attributes a lot more frequently than I do functions or
> > methods. Choosing a crappy attribute name is effortless for me,
> > especially during intense coding sessions. I usually realize I've
> > choosing a crappy attribute name the next day, sometimes even later.
> > However, I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
> > names, especially when I know it may likely be a public API.
>
> What you need to understand here is that in Python,
> 1/ methods *are* attributes
> 2/ every attribute whose name is not prefixed by a leading underscore is
> considered part of the api ('__magic__' names being a special case).
>
> So it has nothing to do with "data vs method" dichotomy (which makes no
> sens in a languages where functions and methods are objects), only with
> "API vs implementation". You choosed a crappy name for an attribute
> that's part of the API, so it's *exactly* the same case as if you had
> chosen a crappy name for a public method in Java. Think of public "data"
> attributes as magical getter/setters with the most straightforward
> behaviour, and of properties as the way to override this default behaviour.
>
> > Plus it's
> > really hard to choose crappy accessor name.
>
> What about getMyCrappyAttributeName/setMyCrappyAttributeName ?-)
>
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:50:43 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:50:43 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> thebjorn wrote:
[...]
> >
> >   def age(born):
> >       now = date.today()
> >       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
>
> Bad luck if the punter was born on 29 Feb and the current year is not a
> leap year.

Good catch! Thanks!

[..]
> Holy code bloat, Batman! Try this:
>
>     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)

yuck :-)

[...]
> It's the irregular-size months that cause the problems. If you can work
> out the months difference, then just floor_div by 12 to get the years
> difference.

I don't agree that the irregular sized months cause a problem in this
case. They do cause a problem if you're asking "when is today + one
month?", i.e. there isn't an unambiguous answer to that question in
general (e.g. if today was January 31). We're asking a different kind
of question though: "has it been at least one month since January 31?",
the answer would be no on Feb 29 and yes on Mar 1.

> Below is some code from the ancient times when everybody and his dog
> each had their own date class :-)
[...]

Wow. I'm speechless. (any reason you didn't want to use the calendar
module?)

-- bjorn



From aleax at mac.com  Tue Jul  4 19:53:27 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 16:53:27 -0700
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
References: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1hhymeu.1eq6sdi1gwb9cpN%aleax@mac.com>

James Mitchelhill <james at disorderfeed.net> wrote:

> Sorry for the clunky subject line - I have a feeling that not knowing
> the proper terms for this is part of my problem.
> 
> I'm trying to write a class that analyses some data. I only want it to
> do as much work as necessary, so it saves method results to a
> dictionary, like so:
> 
> 
> class MyClass:
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.data = {}
> 
>     def doSomething(self):
>         return self.data.setdefault("someresult", self._doSomething())
> 
>     def _doSomething(self):
>          # heavy processing here
>          result = 1
>          return result
> 
>     def doMore(self):
>         return self.data.setdefault("moreresult", self._doMore())
> 
>     def _doMore(self):
>         # more heavy processing here
>         return self.doSomething() + 1
> 
> 
> This also seems kind of clunky. Is there a better way to acheive this?
> Or is this the usual idiom for this kind of thing? I've looked at
> decorators as they seem like they could be used for this, but I've no
> idea how exactly, or even if they're the appropriate tool.

No, this code is calling the heavy-processing functions
*unconditionally* -- Python's semantics is to compute every argument of
a function or method before starting to execute the code of that
function or method (almost all languages behave that way, save a very
few "pure" functional languages!), and that applies to the setdefault
methods of dictionaries too.

What you want to do is called "memoization" (sometimes "caching", but
that's a very generic term used in a bazillion different situations and
you may get overwhelmed by search results if you try searching for
it!-), and you can find plenty of recipes for it in the Python Cookbook
and elsewhere on the net.

For your needs, I would suggest first defining your class "normally"
(writing the methods without memoization) and then looping on all
methods of interest decorating them with automatic memoization; I just
suggested a similar kind of looping for decoration purposes in my very
latest post on another thread;-).  You won't use the _syntax_ of
decorators, but, hey, who cares?-)

Assuming (for simplicity but with no real loss of conceptual generality)
that all of your heavy-processing methods have names starting with 'do',
and that each of them takes only 'self' as its argument, you could for
example do something like:

def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
  def decorated(self):
    if n in self._memo: return self._memo[n]
    result = self._memo[n] = m(self)
    return result
  decorated.__name__ = n
  setattr(cls, n, decorated)  
    
def memoizeClass(cls):
  cls._memo = {}
  for n,m in inspect.getmembers(cls, inspect.ismethoddescriptors):
    if not n.startswith('do'): continue
      memoizeMethod(cls, n, m)

Now just write your MyClass with the doThis doThat methods you want, and
right after the class statement add

memoizeClass(MyClass)


Voila, that's it (untested details, but the general idea is sound;-).


Alex


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 16:58:15 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:58:15 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152477777.124443.286590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3cn2b2dq21koeevibpt937323muutnb0jj@4ax.com>
	<1152477777.124443.286590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b16c9d$0$4175$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Paddy a ?crit :
> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> 
>>On 9 Jul 2006 11:30:06 -0700, "Paddy" <paddy3118 at netscape.net> declaimed
>>the following in comp.lang.python:
>>
>>
>>>So,
>>>An assignment statement may assign an object to a name, in which case
>>>the name is 'tagged' as being local,
>>
>>	Reverse... Python does not "assign" objects to names... It "assigns"
>>names to objects. One object can have multiple names.
>>
>>	In the absence of a "global <name>" statement, any unqualified
>><name> found on the left side of an "=" is a local name (the name -- not
>>the object it is bound to -- is held as part of the current stack frame
>>and is removed on return from the function; the object may or may not be
>>garbage collected depending upon any other names bound to it).
>>
>>	A qualified name is one with some sort of component specifier:
>><name>.<component>, <name>[<component>]. These access items that are
>>inside the object that <name> is bound on. The component access
>>basically is a function/method call telling the object itself to change
>>the <component> binding, not the top-level <name> binding.
>>
> 
> Hi Dennis, in the last paragraph you do not state specifically where
> the name for the component name is looked for. 

First in the local namespace, then in enclosing namespaces until the 
global (read : module level) namespace, and finally in the builtins.

> Do you mean that for
> component name accesses,where  the 'base' is not declared gobal, the
> 'base' name nevertheless is always looked for in the global scope?

unless it's found in another namespace before - same rules apply as for 
a non-qualified name.



From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 14 07:23:02 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 13:23:02 +0200
Subject: python logging module problem
References: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152867729.467998.301780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152873652.283142.308900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97uqd$k7q$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:

> Vinay Sajip wrote:

>> It's usual to rely on logger levels and to set handler levels for
>> additional refinement of what goes to a particular handler's
>> destination.
 
> The problem is that for StreamHandler, logging module logs to
> sys.stderr.
> I want to use the logging feature for most of the messages my program
> displays.
> 
> So some messages would be going to sys.stdout and some to sys.stderr.
> 
> So, I'm ended up creating two handlers, one for sys.stdout and the
> other for sys.stderr.
> I'd then make INFO level messages go to sys.stdout and DEBUG level
> messages go to sys.stderr.
> 
> What do you suggest ??
> Is it good doing this way ?

You can achieve the desired behaviour by adding a custom Filter:

import sys
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger("my_app")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

class LevelFilter(logging.Filter):
    def __init__(self, level):
        self.level = level
    def filter(self, record):
        return self.level == record.levelno

def make_handler(outstream, format, level):
    handler = logging.StreamHandler(outstream)
    formatter = logging.Formatter(format)
    handler.setFormatter(formatter)
    handler.addFilter(LevelFilter(level))
    return handler

logger.addHandler(make_handler(sys.stderr,
    'STDERR %(levelname)s %(message)s', logging.WARN))
logger.addHandler(make_handler(sys.stdout,
    'STDOUT %(levelname)s %(message)s', logging.INFO))

logger.info("the world is flat")
logger.warning("take care not to fall off its rim")

Not sure whether this is a good idea. Another way might be to use distinct
loggers.

Peter


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 31 13:42:14 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:42:14 -0400
Subject: Python Docs Fix
Message-ID: <ealfdm$hpq$1@sea.gmane.org>

A month ago, someone posted, under Python Docs Bugs, a complaint about the 
difficulty of finding the library ref sub-subsection on string methods. 
"That's because it is section 2.3.6.1, and the table of contents only goes 
to 3 levels."

I followed up the me-to's with an SF bug-report suggesting that the 
sub-sub-section somehow be lifted up a level so it would appear in the TOC.
www.python.org/sf/1514540

This weekend, in response, Andrew Kuchling moved the entire section on 
builtin types to chapter status, which will lift everything in that section 
up a level and make them more visible.

So thanks to Andrew for fixing this.

And a note that the volunteer Python developers sometimes do respond to 
polite comments and suggestions, including those originating from c.l.p. 
And also a note that while eventual posting to the tracker is necessary, I 
think most items by non-experts are best discussed here first, as happened 
with this one.  It certainly did not hurt that I reported that I was one of 
(at least) three agreeing with the OP.

Terry Jan Reedy







From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 14 09:16:41 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:16:41 +0100
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e985fm$m4j$1@sea.gmane.org>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> Kay Schluehr:
> 
>>there is nothing really new or interesting or challenging.
>>Micro-optimizations and shape lifting.
> 
> 
> I see. Maybe Python is becoming a commodity used by more than 10e6
> persons, so changellenges aren't much fit anymore.
> Guido has tried to avoid the problems of Perl6, making Py3.0 a
> improvement and not a revolution. The good thing is that we'll probably
> see a beta version in 14-18 months. Py3.0 from being like fantasy is
> become something close, this is a good thing.
> I may ask you what you would like to see in Py3.0, but remember that
> your answer may become ignored by the developers.
> 
The real problems with the Py3k list seem to be associated with a number 
of people who, despite having had little apparent connection to the 
language until now, have joined the list and started making 
inappropriate suggestions, which then have to be (patiently) rejected.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 16:14:09 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:14:09 -0700
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
In-Reply-To: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153944849.838586.146640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca wrote:
[...]
> def f1() :
>     x=88
>     f2()
> def f2() :
>     print 'x=',x
> f1()
>
> that returns an error saying that "NameError: global name 'x' is not
> defined". I expected f2 to "see" the value of x defined in f1 since it
> is nested at runtime.

Ah, no, Python uses "static scoping". Google the term for more.


-- 
--Bryan



From buzzard at urubu.freeserve.co.uk  Tue Jul  4 18:44:53 2006
From: buzzard at urubu.freeserve.co.uk (Duncan Smith)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 23:44:53 +0100
Subject: fonction in python
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.14.57.46.685730@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.57.46.685730@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <44aaf1c3.0@entanet>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 03:06:37 -0700, aliassaf wrote:
> 
> 
>>Hello, 
>>  
>>If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
>>going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.   
>>
>>But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
>>it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
>>hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
>>that f (t)!!! 
> 
> 
> You are asking for curve-fitting. There is a HUGE amount of work on
> curve-fitting in computer science and statistics.
> 
> Generally, you start with some data points (x, y). You generally have some
> idea of what sort of function you expect -- is it a straight line? A
> curve? What sort of curve? A polynomial, an exponential, a sine curve, a
> cubic spline, a Bezier curve?
> 
> You might like to google on "least squares curve fitting" and "linear
> regression". That's just two methods out of many.
> 
> Some curve-fitting methods also estimate the error between the predicted
> curve and the data points; you could then try all of the methods and pick
> the one with the least error.
> 

The problem being that complex enough models will fit the data
arbitrarily closely (i.e. over-fit).  The OP should take into account
any prior expectations over the type of function (as you indicate) and
apply Occam's razor (find a relatively simple model that gives a
reasonable fit to the data).

Duncan


From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Wed Jul 26 06:20:58 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:20:58 +0200
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list@python.org><IPsxg.5213$Cn6.508@tornado.texas.rr.com><mailman.8551.1153861590.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<jpxxg.6733$Cn6.5090@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <008a01c6b09d$30432a60$0201a8c0@mcuf7>


----- Original Message -----
From: "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 1:01 AM
Subject: Re: Parsing Baseball Stats


> "Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
> news:mailman.8551.1153861590.27775.python-list at python.org...
> >
          snip
> >
> Frederic -
>
> HTML parsing is one of those slippery slopes - or perhaps "tar babies" might
> be a better metaphor - that starts out as a simple problem, but then one
> exception after the next drags the solution out for daaaays.  Probably once
> or twice a week, there is a posting here from someone trying to extract data
> from a website, usually something like trying to pull the href's out of some

          snip

> So what started out as a little joke (microscopic, even) has eventually
> touched a nerve, so thanks and apologies to those who have read this whole
> mess.  Frederic, SE looks like a killer - may it become the next regexp!
>
> -- Paul
>

Paul,

A year ago or so someone posted a call for ideas on encoding passwords for his own private use. I suggested a solution using
python's random number generator and was immediately reminded by several knowledgeable people, quite sharply by some, that the
random number generator was not to be used for cryptographic applications, since the doc specifically said so. I was also given good
advice on what to read.
      I thought that my solution was good, if not by the catechism, then by the requirements of the OP's problem which I considered
to be the issue. I hoped the OP would come back with his opinion, but he didn't.
      Not then and there. He did some time later, off list, telling me privately that he had incorporated my solution with some
adaptations and that it was exactly what he had been looking for.

So let me pursue this on two lines: A) your response and B) the issue.

A) I thank you for the considerable time you must have taken to explain pyparse in such detail. I didn't know you're the author.
Congratulations! It certainly looks very professional. I have no doubt that it is an excellent and powerful tool.
      Thanks also for your explanation of the TOS concept. It isn't alien to me and I have no problem with it. But I don't believe
it means that one should voluntarily argue against one's own freedom, barking at oneself with the voice of the legal watchdogs out
there that would restrict our freedom preemptively, getting a tug on the leash for excessive zeal but a pat on the head nontheless.
We have little cause to assume that the OP is setting up a baseball information service and have much cause to assume that he is
not. So let us reserve the benefit of the doubt because this is what the others do. And work by plausible assumption--necessarily,
because the realm of certainty is too small an action base.
      SE is not a parser. It is a stream editor. I believe it fills a gap, handling a certain kind of problem very gracefully while
being particularly easy to use. Your spontaneous reaction of horror was the consequence of a misinterpretation. The Tag_Stripper's
argument ('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=") is not the frightful incarnation of a novel, yet more arcane regular expression
syntax. It is simply a string consisting of three very simple expressions: '<.*?>', '<[^>]*' and '[^<]*>'. They could also be
written as or-ed alternatives: '<.*?>|<[^>]*|[^<]*>'. The tildes brace the regex to identify it as such. The equal sign says replace
what precedes with what follows. Nothing happens to follow, which means replace it with nothing, which means delete it (tags).
That's all. SE allows--encourages--to break down a complex search into any number of simple components.
      (Having just said 'easy to use' I notice a mistake. I correct it below in section C.)

B) I would welcome the OP's opinion.

Regards

Frederic


C) Correction: The second and third expression were meant to catch tags spanning lines. There weren't any such tags and so the
expressions were useless--and inoffensive too: the second one, as a matter of fact, could also delete text. The Tag Stripper should
be defined like this:

Tag_Stripper = ('"~<(.|\n)*?>~=" "~<!--(.|\n)*?-->~="')

It now deletes tags even if they span lines and it incorporates a second definition that deletes comments which, as you made me
aware, may contain tags. I now have to run the whole file through this before I look at the lines.

def get_statistics (name_of_player):

   statistics = {
     'Actual Pitching Statistics'   : [],
     'Advanced Pitching Statistics' : [],
   }

   url = 'http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/%s.shtml' % name_of_player
   htm_page = urllib.urlopen (url)
   lines = StringIO.StringIO (Tag_Stripper (htm_page.read ()))
   htm_page.close ()
   current_list = None
   for line in lines:
      line = line.strip ()
      if line == '':
         continue
      if 'Statistics' in line:  # That's the section headings.
         if statistics.has_key (line):
            current_list = statistics [line]
            current_list.append (line)
         else:
            current_list = None
      else:
         if current_list != None:
            current_list.append (CSV_Maker (line))

   return statistics


show_statistics (statistics) displays this tab-delimited CSV:

Advanced Pitching Statistics
AGE YEAR TEAM XIP RA DH DR DW NRA RAA PRAA PRAR DERA NRA RAA PRAA PRAR DERA STF
19 1914 BOS-A 25.3 4.70 -2 3 1 5.75 -4 -5 -2 6.15 6.19 -5 -5 -2 6.36 -25
20 1915 BOS-A 225.3 3.31 -12 3 2 4.01 12 4 45 4.33 4.25 6 1 42 4.44 12
21 1916 BOS-A 318.2 2.31 -32 -8 0 3.19 46 41 101 3.35 3.30 43 39 99 3.41 24
22 1917 BOS-A 336.5 2.56 -20 -7 1 3.49 38 23 83 3.88 3.72 29 20 80 3.96 13
23 1918 BOS-A 171.6 2.76 -16 5 0 3.80 13 6 34 4.20 4.16 6 3 31 4.36 3
24 1919 BOS-A 129.4 3.98 4 -16 2 4.63 -2 -2 19 4.61 4.79 -4 -3 17 4.70 -6
25 1920 NY_-A 6.4 9.00 -1 3 1 8.64 -3 -3 -3 8.96 8.95 -3 -3 -3 9.14 -35
26 1921 NY_-A 13.2 10.00 2 0 1 9.16 -7 -7 -5 9.36 9.61 -8 -8 -5 9.65 -41
35 1930 NY_-A 8.8 3.00 1 -2 0 2.84 2 2 4 2.57 3.07 1 2 3 2.66 13
38 1933 NY_-A 8.8 5.00 1 -1 0 5.01 -1 0 0 4.59 5.27 -1 0 0 4.73 -22
1243.5 2.95 -76 -22 8 3.78 96 59 275 4.07 3.95 65 45 262 4.17 10

Actual Pitching Statistics
AGE YEAR TEAM W L SV ERA G GS TBF IP H R ER HR BB SO HBP IBB WP BK CG SHO
19 1914 BOS-A 2 1 0 3.91 4 3 96 23.0 21 12 10 1 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 0
20 1915 BOS-A 18 8 0 2.44 32 28 874 217.7 166 80 59 3 85 112 6 0 9 1 16 1
21 1916 BOS-A 23 12 1 1.75 44 41 1272 323.7 230 83 63 0 118 170 8 0 3 1 23 9
22 1917 BOS-A 24 13 2 2.01 41 38 1277 326.3 244 93 73 2 108 128 11 0 5 0 35 6
23 1918 BOS-A 13 7 0 2.22 20 19 660 166.3 125 51 41 1 49 40 2 0 3 1 18 1
24 1919 BOS-A 9 5 1 2.97 17 15 570 133.3 148 59 44 2 58 30 2 0 5 1 12 0
25 1920 NY_-A 1 0 0 4.50 1 1 17 4.0 3 4 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
26 1921 NY_-A 2 0 0 9.00 2 1 49 9.0 14 10 9 1 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
35 1930 NY_-A 1 0 0 3.00 1 1 39 9.0 11 3 3 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0
38 1933 NY_-A 1 0 0 5.00 1 1 42 9.0 12 5 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
94 46 4 2.28 163 148 4896 1221.3 974 400 309 10 441 488 29 0 25 4 107 17

(The last line remains to be shifted three columns to the right.)




From oluoluolu at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 21:35:52 2006
From: oluoluolu at gmail.com (alimoe)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 18:35:52 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?

whats the difference?



From junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 14:29:10 2006
From: junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com (SuperHik)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 20:29:10 +0200
Subject: poplib Q
In-Reply-To: <Zncrg.17284$Uc3.13333@tornado.texas.rr.com>
References: <e8jj6q$bhg$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
	<Zncrg.17284$Uc3.13333@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e8jkpn$ef7$1@ss408.t-com.hr>

Paul McGuire wrote:
> "SuperHik" <junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:e8jj6q$bhg$1 at ss408.t-com.hr...
>> Hi!
>>
>> I want to connect to gmail but...
>> It requires SSL so I worte:
>>
>>  >>> import poplib
>>  >>> server = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com',995)
>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>    File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
>>    File "C:\Python24\lib\poplib.py", line 359, in __init__
>>      self.sslobj = socket.ssl(self.sock, self.keyfile, self.certfile)
>> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ssl'
>>  >>>
>>
>> what's with that?!
>> I found an old post to this group, and it connected the same way, only
>> it worked.
>> (I use PythonWin 2.4.3 on WinXP)
>>
>> tia!
> 
> See if you have a socket.py file in your PYTHONPATH or local directory.
> 
> -- Paul

I did ofc, but I noticed something strange...
*my* socket module really doesn't have SSL object,
even tho it's listed in the documentation...
(not the online docs, but docs that came with my Python version)
ffs how can that be!



From nephish at xit.net  Tue Jul 18 07:34:33 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:34:33 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153191845.341598.258610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153191845.341598.258610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153222473.173702.17840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

ok, i think i get it.
pretty cool.
thanks
-sk


Dan Bishop wrote:
> nephish at xit.net wrote:
> > Hey there,
> > i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> > get what exactly a lamda is for.
>
> It defines a function.
>
> f = lambda x, y: expression
>
> is equivalent to
>
> def f(x, y):
>    return expression
>
> Note that lambda is an expression while def is a statement.
>
> > What would i use a lamda for that i
> > could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> > I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> > books.
>
> Lambdas are typically used as parameters to functions that take
> functions as arguments, like property() and reduce().  You never *need*
> to use one, but sometimes it's convenient.



From jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk  Tue Jul  4 07:44:52 2006
From: jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk (Jon Ribbens)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 11:44:52 GMT
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44aa35db$0$862$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakgtn.8es.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44aa45e1$0$856$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <slrneakl5j.892.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>

In article <44aa45e1$0$856$ba4acef3 at news.orange.fr>, Rony Steelandt wrote:
> Yes, this is on windows using winzip
> It says the zip file is not a valid zipfile

Works fine for me on Windows. Try deleting the file you downloaded,
clearing your browser cache, and trying again.

On the other hand, when you run it it immediately pops up a huge
dialog saying that there is a new version available, "404 File Not
Found", and a huge pile of HTML source. The game itself seems to work
though.


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 09:51:56 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 23:51:56 +1000
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
References: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.13.51.56.1332@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:24:01 +0000, crystalattice wrote:

> I've finally figured out the basics of OOP; I've created a basic character  
> creation class for my game and it works reasonably well. Now that I'm  
> trying to build a subclass that has methods to determine the rank of a  
> character but I keep getting errors.
> 
> I want to "redefine" some attributes from the base class so I can use them  
> to help determine the rank. However, I get the error that my base class  
> doesn't have the dictionary that I want to use. I've tried several things  
> to correct it but they don't work (the base class is called "Character"  
> and the subclass is called "Marine"):

Without seeing your class definitions, it is hard to tell what you are
doing, but I'm going to take a guess: you're defining attributes in the
instance instead of the class.

E.g.

class Character():
    def __init__(self):
        self.attrib_dict = {}

attrib_dict is now an instance attribute. Every instance will have one,
but the class doesn't.

I'm thinking you probably want something like this:

class Character():
    attrib_dict = {}
    def __init__(self):
        pass

Now attrib_dict is an attribute of the class. However, it also means that
all instances will share the same values! Here's one possible solution to
that:

class Character():
    default_attribs = {}
    def __init__(self):
        self.attribs = self.default_attribs.copy()

Now there is one copy of default character attributes, shared by the class
and all it's instances, plus each instance has it's own unique set of
values which can be modified without affecting the defaults.


Hope this clears things up for you.


-- 
Steven.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 06:33:54 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:33:54 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <44ae3892$0$25187$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Piet van Oostrum wrote:
(snip)
> There is no big difference I think. Only Python doesn't have syntax for the
> former. Older versions of Python didn't even have nested scopes. maybe it
> was a mistake to add them.

Certainly not. Nested scopes allow closures, which allow decorators and
lot of *very* useful things. Remove this from Python, and you'll see a
*lot* of experimented programmers switch to another language.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bluejump at mac.com  Tue Jul 11 07:46:14 2006
From: bluejump at mac.com (Donald Duck)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:46:14 +0200
Subject: Best command for running shell command
Message-ID: <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530@News.Individual.DE>

I'm a little bit confused about what is the best way to run a shell command, 
if I want to run a command like

			xxxxxx -a -b > yyyyyy

where I'm not interested in the output, I only want to make sure that the 
command was executed OK. How should I invoke this (in a Unix/linux 
environment)?

The command module seem to give the resulting output and the various popen 
commands seem to be similar.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 02:52:52 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:52:52 +0200
Subject: How can I access the 'Entry' string in another function?
References: <1151993240.681919.297130@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.06.52.51.603834@gmx.net>

In <1151993240.681919.297130 at v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>, arvind wrote:

> i've created the myclass instance and calles the "function second()".
> i want to access the text entered in 'w' through Entry widget in
> "function third()"
> i am getting the 'fuction not having 'w' attribute error.
> how to overcome it?

Make `w` an attribute of the object.  When you create the widget in
`second()` you just bind it to the local name `w` instead of `self.w`.
You made a similar mistake when printing `senter` in `third()`.  This
time it's the other way around: you are trying to print a non-existing
local `senter` instead of `self.senter`.  This works:

import Tkinter as tk

class MyClass:
    senter = 'arvind'

    def third(self):
        self.senter = self.w.get()
        print self.senter

    def second(self):
        top = tk.Tk()
        top.title('second')
        frame = tk.Frame(top)

        self.w = tk.Entry(top)

        b1 = tk.Button(top, text='Next', command=self.third)

        self.w.grid()
        b1.grid()
        frame.grid()
        
        top.mainloop()

a = MyClass()
a.second()





From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Wed Jul 19 15:16:04 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:16:04 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153327291.435761.316560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153326926.822085.219150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153327291.435761.316560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be835f$0$21778$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com a ?crit :
>>Even if you need to do something during attachment of components it is
>>more Pythonic to use properties. So you will write a method in your
>>class name something like _set_up(self,upstream_obj) an  _get_up(self).
>> And then at the end of your class put up=property(_get_up, _set_up).
>>You can still use the compr.up=... format.
> 
> 
> sorry, I don't quite follow. what are properties?
> 
Computed attributes. cf
http://www.python.org/doc/2.2.3/whatsnew/sect-rellinks.html#SECTION000340000000000000000






From michael.terry.poole at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 00:40:43 2006
From: michael.terry.poole at gmail.com (Michael P.)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 21:40:43 -0700
Subject: Cool Ebooks Site
In-Reply-To: <1152827615.517571.185550@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152827615.517571.185550@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152852043.857035.87420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hey, pretty impressive list. I downloaded a few myself.



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 12:04:42 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:04:42 -0700
Subject: Protection levels in Python
Message-ID: <1154016282.923675.132760@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

People often ask for making attributes "private" in the sense of
restricting access as in Java or C++. I've created a recipe for
attribute protection where all attributes are basically protected in
the C++ sense of being visible in the class and in subclasses and where
"public" attributes have to be declared explicitely:

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496920

Regards,
Kay



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 04:21:01 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 09:21:01 +0100
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <44bf36f1$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8358.1153380018.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bf36f1$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <e9nedp$nrc$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Machin wrote:
> On 20/07/2006 5:18 PM, Steve Holden wrote:
> 
>>Anoop wrote:
>>
>>>Hi All
>>>
>>>Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
>>>that is followed in Python.
>>>
>>>For example how will be string.lower depricated.
>>>
>>>As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
>>>'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python
>>>
>>>Thanks for your inputs
>>>
>>
>>I wonder if this isn't just an English problem: the fact that the 
>>functions of the string module is depracated 
> 
> 
> "depracated"? "functions ... is"? Yup, sure looks like an English 
> problem to me :-)
> 
Nobody likes a smartarse :-)

> Perhaps the docs should use simpler words like "outdated" or "not 
> preferred" or such-like instead of "depr*e*cated".
> 
That probably wouldn't be a bad idea. Please note, however, that even if 
the documentation spelled everything correctly I would doubtless 
continue to mangle the spellings through typos.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 10:18:10 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 11:18:10 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1s3bcg8kqzm7j$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-30 09:54:14, Antoon Pardon wrote:

> Aren't you looking too much at implementation details now?

Possibly, but at this point I'm still trying to understand how Python does
these things, and what the useful abstraction level is for me. I also still
have very little experience how I'll put the things we've been discussing
here into (Python) practice. While not new to programming, I'm new to
Python.

> AFAIU, one can also build a C++ class hierarchy that with some small
> limitations in used operators, would have semantics very similar to
> Python. Would you argue that those using such a C++ class hierarchy would
> no longer be using variables in C++?

Probably not. But for me it's mostly about useful terminology, not
necessarily "correct" terminology. In order to talk about correct
terminology, we'd have to use a common definition of "variable". This is a
term so widely used that I'm not sure there is a useful single definition
of it; do you know one?

In any case, the following doesn't seem to be implementation detail (and
rather a part of the language), but it's not really understandable with a
C++ concept of "variable":

>>> a=3
>>> id(a)
3368152
>>> b=a
>>> id(b)
3368152
>>> b=4
>>> id(b)
3368140

You don't expect the "identity" of the variable b to change with a simple
assignment from a C/C++ point of view. You also don't expect the "identity"
of a and b to be the same after assigning one to the other. You can create
C++ classes that behave like that (you can implement Python in C++ :), but
that doesn't mean that you expect C++ language constructs to behave like
that.

Gerhard



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 07:20:47 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:20:47 +0100
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
In-Reply-To: <1153109279.370246.302220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>
	<1153109279.370246.302220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BB728F.9080804@holdenweb.com>

Justin Azoff wrote:
> Py PY wrote:
> 
>>(Apologies if this appears twice. I posted it yesterday and it was held
>>due to a 'suspicious header')
>>
>>I'm having a hard time trying to get a couple of tests to pass when
>>compling Python 2.3.5 on Ubuntu Server Edition 6.06 LTS. I'm sure it's
>>not too far removed from the desktop edition but, clearly, I need to
>>tweak something or install some missling libs.
> 
> 
> Why are you compiling a package that is already built for you?
> 
I'm quessing because (s)he wants to test programs on less recent 
versions of Python. Ubuntu 5.10 was already up to Python 2.4.2, so I 
can't imagine there's anything older on Ubuntu 6.06.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 17:11:32 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:11:32 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <motzg.2610$No6.51114@news.tufts.edu>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154375454.146545.219820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154375875.481871.158580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<motzg.2610$No6.51114@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154380292.503646.244160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> But of course:
>
>  >>> def fun():
> 	global x = 10
>
> SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>  >>>

global x
x = 10

Close enough ^^;



From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Thu Jul 13 23:27:38 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 20:27:38 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152582869.586707.277060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152837924_7338@news-east.n>
Message-ID: <1152847658.853502.254340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Edmond Dantes wrote:
> I would tend to think that Lisp is more suited for Genetic Programming than
> Python is. However, it is possible to do. Heck, I even had the crazy idea
> of doing Genetic Programming in C++ once, however ugly that would've
> been!!!!!
>
> Actually, there is an AI project that I'm doing in Python rather than Lisp
> because Python is much better supported. A pity, really, since Lisp has so
> much more power and expressiveness. Alas, Python has extensive libraries
> and are well documented to boot. Only an academic would have the time to do
> anything with Lisp. :-(

I'm not sure how important expressiveness is for GP.  The number of
operations on programs you have to support is quite small
(recombination, mutation, duplication, anything else?), and any
advantage LISP has in handling the tree structures is probably not all
that important.

Of course, the big advantage of LISP is the data/code equivalence.  In
LISP, you can just eval the programs, whereas in Python you have to
expend quite a bit of effort running them.  And that's no small thing.
It's not too bad, though.  I've done GP in Python myself, and I it was
pretty straightforward to convert the program trees into expressions
(to be evaled in Python, or compiled and executed in C or Fortran).

But there's really no question that genetic programming is a problem
tailor-made for LISP.


Carl Banks



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 00:41:56 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:41:56 +1000
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <1153194314.826690.98520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153194314.826690.98520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc6694$1@news.eftel.com>

On 18/07/2006 1:45 PM, seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:
>> Let's try reductio ad adsurdum on that one. Suppose that instead of
>> filling in a malloced chunk of memory, you had stored those gizmoids in
>> local variables foo0, foo1, foo2, etc. Using your reasoning: we can't
>> ever return from our function (which frees up the stack memory
>> containing foo0 etc) because we don't know when garbage collector will
>> free foo0 etc. Avoiding that problem would require a Python/C API
>> function with a name like Py_AwaitGarbageCollection() ... but there
>> isn't one.
> 
> There are 2 memory components that make up a Python object.
> First, there is the object in memory itself.  Secondly, there
> is the 4 bytes or so that hold the address to the object in memory.
> (the 'pointer')

*WRONG*. The object exists in and of itself. There may be one *or more* 
references to it, via pointers, scattered about in memory; they are 
*NOT* components of the object. A reference count is maintained inside 
the object and manipulated by Py_INCREF etc. The Python garbage 
collector knows *nothing* about the memory occupied by those pointers; 
it is *your* responsibility to allocate and free them. If the pointers 
are in a function's local variables, that memory is automatically 
returned when you return from the function. If the pointers are in a 
chunk of memory that you grabbed using malloc(), then you must free() 
the chunk as soon as you are finished with it.

Like I said:

You malloced it? You free it.
You didn't malloc it? You don't free it.

> 
> I think what I hear you saying is that garbage collection has
> to automagically take care of my second component above as well.

I'm terribly sorry, but there is no magic involved with memory 
management at this level; only hard, tedious, error-prone work.

Python garbage collection has neither the responsibility nor the 
necessary information for carrying out that task. *YOU* have that 
information; it is *YOUR* responsibility.

> 
> So can I assume you are also saying our original malloc'd pointer
> to Python objects will be take care of as well as the objects?

*NO* You must free() any memory that you malloc()ed.

> (Hence, no free(my_array) necessary?)

*NO* You must free() any memory that you malloc()ed.

> (Only Py_INCREFs and Py_DECREFs need apply?)

*NO* You must free() any memory that you malloc()ed.

"What I tell you three times is true" -- the Bellman in "The Hunting of 
the Snark", by Lewis Carroll.

HTH,
John


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 11:35:58 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:35:58 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem(Problem Solved)
In-Reply-To: <44BF8B0D.6070605@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <20060720153558.97920.qmail@web53110.mail.yahoo.com>



--- Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:

> Note the error is permission denied.  I would guess
> that
> either the file has read-only flag set or perhaps
> the
> 'cccc' program is still running and has the file
> open
> in a separate thread so you can't delete the
> directory
> until it has completed.  You should take a look at
> the
> subprocess module and use something like (not
> tested):
> 
> retcode = call([r'cccc C:\copiedfiles\*.*',
> cmd_out])
> 
> This will wait for execution of cccc to complete
> prior
> to returning.
> 
> -Larry Bates
> 
> 
> Kilicaslan Fatih wrote:
> > When I push a button to trigger the code:
> > 
> > def runCCCC(self, event):
> >         cmd_out = self.A_com()
> >         if App.runF != "":
> >             os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')            
>    
> >       
> >             for item in App.runF:
> >                 App.beCopied = str(item)
> >                 shutil.copy(App.beCopied,         
> 
> > 'C:\copiedFiles')
> >             cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' +
> cmd_out
> >             os.system(cmd)
> >             shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
> >         else:
> >             tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
> > "Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        
> > 
> > 
> > I encountered this error:
> > 
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line
> 1345,
> > in __call__
> >     return self.func(*args)
> >   File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line
> 61,
> > in runCCCC
> >     shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
> > ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
> > rmtree
> >     onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
> > rmtree
> >     os.remove(fullname)
> > OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
> > 'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'
> > 
> > 1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
> > inserted to a Listbox,
> > 2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
> > 3. Copying all of these files to this folder with
> the
> > same names,
> > 4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this
> folder,
> > 5. Than removing this folder.
> > 
> > Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got
> and
> > how to solve it?
> > 
> > Regards
> > 
> > 
> > __________________________________________________
> > Do You Yahoo!?
> > Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam
> protection around 
> > http://mail.yahoo.com 

Dear All,

I changed the mode of the files before copying them.
So the problem is solved as follows:

SOLUTION:

def runCCCC(self, event):
        cmd_out = self.A_com()
        if App.runF != "":
            os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
      
            for item in App.runF:
                os.chmod(item, 0700)
                shutil.copy(item, 'C:\copiedFiles')   
          
            cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
            os.system(cmd)
            for root,dir,files in
os.walk("C:\copiedFiles"):
                          
            shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")    

Thank you very much for your help,
Regards    


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 25 06:51:35 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:51:35 +0200
Subject: csv file or sqlite ?
References: <mailman.8516.1153822077.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.10.51.34.629031@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8516.1153822077.27775.python-list at python.org>, frevol nicolas
wrote:

> I am programming a filter for websites. to check if an
> url is in the blacklist, i have used a csv file. i
> have try to use sqlite but it looks as fast as csv
> files.
> 
> Can you tell me if sqlite is faster than csv files ?
> or not ?

Depends on the number of records/lines and how you access them.

If you have some kind of server and read the csv file into a set or
dictionary and query this thousands of times, it's faster than querying a
database the same amount of times.

If you have really many items in that blacklist and just query a few of
them per program run, say in a CGI script, then a database will become
faster than linear searching through a csv file.

Just try both and measure to know for sure.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From meyer at acm.org  Thu Jul 27 17:21:33 2006
From: meyer at acm.org (Andre Meyer)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 23:21:33 +0200
Subject: class variables
Message-ID: <7008329d0607271421m40d34558u8654de80a89d94b0@mail.gmail.com>

Hi all

I am trying to understand the magic of Python's class variables and tried
the following code (see below).

Just out of curiosity, I tried to define a property that provides access to
a seemingly instancae variable which is in fact a class variable. All seems
to work fine (case 4), but when a custom object is assigned, an instance
variable is created instead of using theproerty (case 5).

What goes wrong here? What is the difference between cases 4 and 5? How can
case 5 be fixed?

thanks a lot for your help
Andre

Code Listing
=========

print; print "*** Case 1 ***"; print

class C1(object):

    v = None

    def __init__(self, value):
        print '-', self.v
        self.v = value

    def value(self):
        return self.v

a1 = C1(1)
b1 = C1(2)
print a1.value()

print; print "*** Case 2 ***"; print

class C2(object):

    v = None

    def __init__(self, value):
        print '-', self.v
        self.__class__.v = value

    def value(self):
        return self.__class__.v

a2 = C2(1)
b2 = C2(2)
print a2.value()

print; print "*** Case 3 ***"; print

class C3(object):

    v = 5

    def __init__(self, value):
        print '-', self.v
        self.v = self.v + value

    def value(self):
        return self.v

a3 = C3(1)
b3 = C3(2)
print a3.value()
print a3.v
print a3.__class__.v

print; print "*** Case 4 ***"; print

class V4(list):
    def work(self):
        return 'done'

class C4(object):

    def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v
    def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
    def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
    v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
    v = V4()

    def __init__(self, value):

        print '-', self.v
        self.v.append(value)
        print '+', self.v

    @classmethod
    def value(self):
        print self.v.work()
        return self.v


a4 = C4(1)
b4 = C4(2)
print a4.value()
print a4.v
print a4.__class__.v
print a4.v.work()


print; print "*** Case 5 ***"; print

class V5(object):
    def __init__(self, i):
        self.i = i

    def work(self):
        return 'done', self.i

class C5(object):

    def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v
    def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
    def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
    v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
    v = None

    def __init__(self, value):

        print '-', self.v
        self.v = V5(value)
        print '+', self.v
#        print self.__class__.__dict__
#        print self.__dict__

    @classmethod
    def value(self):
        print self.v.work()
        return self.v


a5 = C5(1)
b5 = C5(2)
print a5.value()
print a5.v
print a5.__class__.v
print a5.v.work()


Output
=====


*** Case 1 ***

- None
- None
1

*** Case 2 ***

- None
- 1
2

*** Case 3 ***

- 5
- 5
6
6
5

*** Case 4 ***

- []
+ [1]
- [1]
+ [1, 2]
done
[1, 2]
[1, 2]
[1, 2]
done

*** Case 5 ***

- None
+ <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE0D0>
- None
+ <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE110>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "classvariables.py", line 121, in ?
    print a5.value()
  File "classvariables.py", line 115, in value
    print self.v.work()
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'work'
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/attachments/20060727/64aeba2f/attachment.html>

From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 12:01:20 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 16:01:20 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>> 
>>>danielx wrote:
>>>
>>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>>
>>>
>>>(snip)
>>>
>>>>>>Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>>>>>>term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
>>>>>>now that I know the term)
>>>>>
>>>>>a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
>>>>>a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
>>>>>which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
>>>>>(like a pointer to an object's address).
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Wait, I'm not sure I see the difference. Isn't "reference" ~ "C
>>>>pointer". 
>>>
>>>For a very large definition of '~' !-)
>>>
>>>
>>>>Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to
>>>>"actual" Python objects? 
>>>
>>>Exactly.
>>>
>>>
>>>>That idea has been working well for me so far.
>>>
>>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>> 
>> 
>> That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
>> in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages
>
> Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?

Whatever, if both C and Lisp can both talk about variables, I don't
see why python can't

>> to use
>> the term.
>
> IYO.

So? The statement that python doesn't has variables is just your opinion.

>>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>>values.
>> 
>> 
>> That is just an implementation issue. Nothing prevents variables to
>> be associated with an index in a list.
>
> Do you understand what "somewhat simplified" means ?

Not the difference between a list and a dictionary.

>>>So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>>than a name.
>> 
>> 
>> In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
>
> Yes : it holds type and storage class informations too.

If you want so. But that is totally irrelevant for considering
something as a variable or not. If someone would wish to extend
python with a type system, so that a variable could be associated
with type information, it would not essentially change what
one could do with an identiefier in python.

Like wise one could make a C-like language without type and
storage class information associated with identifiers. Variables
would essentially still behave the same.

>> The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>> will hold something.
>
> The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
> stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
> bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
> direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits.

That doesn't need to be. A C-implementation could use directories.
Most implementations don't but that is just because it would slow
performance, but perfectly legal C-behaviour would be possible.

Besides what you say isn't true in general. There is no direct
translation from a local name to memory address. The same name
can refer to a different memory address on different invocations
of the function.

> Which is not the case in Python...

An implementation detail.

>>>And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
>>>bound to.
>> 
>> 
>> In a language like C, the value '3' doesn't know which variables
>> will hold it either.
>
> Indeed. Now could you tell us what was your point, exactly ?

Just showing that the object not knowing which identifiers
it is bound to is irrelevant.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From barry.j.kelly at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 01:24:28 2006
From: barry.j.kelly at gmail.com (Barry Kelly)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 06:24:28 +0100
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
References: <200607012219.18086.paul@boddie.org.uk>
	<mailman.7700.1151815090.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <g1mea2psc54e0g2n510of4hfqpr3bsrdnk@4ax.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
> object?

Have you tried dir(object)? It works great on the command-line
reply-eval-print loop.

-- Barry

-- 
http://barrkel.blogspot.com/


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:35:13 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:35:13 -0700
Subject: No error while sending via TCP Socket
In-Reply-To: <1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com><e82a11$4aa$1@online.de>
	<1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151919313.222531.87340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Q: I have been looking through Volume 1 & 2 on the topics of TCP
timeouts. I have been looking in the section on "Timeout And
Retransmission" where you talk about round trip times. My question to
you would be what would make a tcp connection timeout? Is there a
certain number of retries that need to happen before a timeout?

A: TCP does not define a maximum number of retransmissions before
giving up. However, it does define a maximum segment lifetime, and
assumes that no response within two maximum segment lifetimes indicates
a hopeless situation. Thus, if one attempts to communicte with a
machine that is down, TCP will give up after retransmitting for about 5
minutes

Copied from a FAQ.

TCP will not let you know that the socket is down until you try to send
or recieve on the socket.  At that time a socket error will occur.

And unless he has odd gear, the nagle algorithm will not hold a packet
back if there's no packets still being transmitted (ack pairs haven't
been received).  I've had one radio which repackaged things funny, but
the data still got through, it just took some time.



From vinay_sajip at yahoo.co.uk  Sun Jul  2 18:31:01 2006
From: vinay_sajip at yahoo.co.uk (Vinay Sajip)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 15:31:01 -0700
Subject: logging error with RotatingFileHandler
In-Reply-To: <44A522E9.3050008@nonexistingdomain.com>
References: <_asng.501715$x64.12701762@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
	<1151391562.198586.249130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<OOjog.506894$yy.12695579@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
	<1151604839.290366.90950@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<4v8pg.511318$Hm7.12716147@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
	<44A522E9.3050008@nonexistingdomain.com>
Message-ID: <1151879461.526451.28140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


flupke wrote:

> > -> The rename fails for some reason.

I would dig a little deeper to find out what the reason is. After all,
on the face of it, there's no obvious reason it should fail. The
"permission denied" indicates perhaps that some other process or thread
is keeping that file open?

I've fixed (AFAICT) both the crash at shutdown and the buggy exception
handling, in the Python subversion repository. You can download the
latest from here and try it.

http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Lib/logging/

Regards,

Vinay Sajip



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 11:45:49 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:45:49 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >> Marshall schrieb:
> >>> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >>>> Marshall schrieb:
> >>>>> I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
> >>>>> imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
> >>>>> is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
> >>>>> more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?
> >>>> Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.
> >>> Okay, sure. Nice explanation.
> >>>
> >>> But one minor point: you describe this as an issue with "imperative"
> >>> languages. But aliasing is a problem associated with pointers,
> >>> not with assignment.
> >> Aliasing is not a problem if the aliased data is immutable.
> >
> > Okay, sure. But for the problem you describe, both imperativeness
> > and the presence of pointers is each necessary but not sufficient;
> > it is the two together that causes the problem. So it strikes
> > me (again, a very minor point) as inaccurate to describe this as
> > a problem with imperative languages per se.
>
> Sure.
> It's just that I know that it's viable to give up destructive updates.
> Giving up pointers is a far more massive restriction.

Oddly, I feel the opposite. While it's true there are many domains
for which purely functional programming is a fine choice, there
are some domains for which it is insufficient. Any kind of data
managament, for example, requires that you be able to update
the information.

On the other hand, there is no problem domain for which pointers
are a requirement. I agree they are deucedly convenient, though.


> > Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
> > operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
> > for certain problems.
>
> I don't know any.
> In some cases, you need an additional level of conceptual indirection -
> instead of *doing* the updates, you write a function that *describes* them.

But then what do you do with that function? Let's say I have an
employee database. John Smith just got hired on 1/1/2006 with
a salary of $10,000. I need to record this fact somewhere. How
do I do that without variables? Current-employees is a variable.
Even if I have the space to keep all historical data, so I'm not
deleting anything, I still have to have a variable for the latest
version of the accumulated data. I can solve this without
pointers, but I can't solve it without variables.


>  > Pointers on the other hand add nothing except
> > efficiency and a lot of confusion. They should be considered an
> > implementation technique only, hidden behind some pointerless
> > computational model.
> >
> > I recognize that this is likely to be a controversial opinion.
>
> Indeed.
>
> In fact "modes" are a way to restrict pointer aliasing.

I should like to learn more about these. I have some vague
perception of the existence of linear logic, but not much
else. However, I also already have an excellent solution
to the pointer aliasing problem, so I'm less motivated.


> > I heartily support immutability as the default, for these and other
> > reasons.
>
> OK, then we're in agreement here.
>
> >> Some functional languages restrict assignment so that there can exist at
> >> most a single reference to any mutable data structure. That way, there's
> >> still no aliasing problems, but you can still update in place where it's
> >> really, really necessary.
> >
> > Are we speaking of uniqueness types now? I haven't read much about
> > them, but it certainly seems like an intriguing concept.
>
> Yup.
> It's called "modes" in some other languages (Mercury or Clean IIRC).

Cool.


> >> I know of no professional language that doesn't have references of some
> >> kind.
> >
> > Ah, well. I suppose I could mention prolog or mercury, but then
> > you used that troublesome word "professional." So I will instead
> > mention a language which, if one goes by number of search results
> > on hotjobs.com for "xxx progammer" for different value of xxx, is
> > more popular than Java and twice as popular as C++. It lacks
> > pointers (although I understand they are beginning to creep in
> > in the latest version of the standard.) It also posesses a quite
> > sophisticated set of facilities for declarative integrity constraints.
> > Yet for some reason it is typically ignored by language designers.
> >
> > http://hotjobs.yahoo.com/jobseeker/jobsearch/search_results.html?keywords_all=sql+programmer
>
> Oh, right. SQL is an interesting case of getting all the problems of
> pointers without having them ;-)

Oh, pooh. SQL has plenty of problems, sure, but the problems
of pointers are not among its faults.


> Actually SQL has references - they are called "primary keys", but they
> are references nevertheless.

I strongly object; this is quite incorrect. I grant you that from the
50,000 foot level they appear identical, but they are not. To
qualify as a reference, there need to be reference and dereference
operations on the reference datatype; there is no such operation
is SQL.

Would you say the relational algebra has references?

Or, consider the classic prolog ancestor query. Let's say we're
setting up as follows

father(bob, joe).
father(joe, john).

Is "joe" a reference, here? After all, when we do the ancestor
query for john, we'll see his father is joe and then use that to
find joe's father. Keys in SQL are isomorphic to joe in the
above prolog.


> (Some SQL dialects also offer synthetic
> "ID" fields that are guaranteed to remain stable over the lifetime of a
> record.

Primary keys are updatable; there is nothing special about them.


> Seems like SQL is imperative enough that programmers want this,
> else the SQL vendors wouldn't have added the feature...)

I believe you are making a statement about the general level of
education among the user base of data base management systems,
and not a statement about the nature of the relational algebra.


> SQL also has updates.

Yes; SQL is imperative. But no pointers and thus no aliasing.
Plenty of *other* problems, though; no argument there!


> The result: updates with undefined semantics. E.g. if you have a numeric
> key field, UPDATE commands that increment the key by 1 will fail or work
> depending on the (unspecified) order in which UPDATE touches the
> records.

This does not sound correct to me, and in any event does not
appear to illustrate anything about aliasing.


> You can have even more fun with updatable views.

I suppose. Views are something for which the practice has
rushed ahead of the theoretical foundation out of need. The
"right" way to do views is not yet known. Again: plenty of
problems with SQL, but no aliasing. (Actually, there probably
is aliasing with SQL99, since IIUC they've gone ahead and
introduced reference types. (Cue Charlton Heston on the beach
saying "You Maniacs! You blew it up! Ah, damn you!"))


> With a "repeatable read" isolation level, you actually return to a
> declarative view of the database: whatever you do with it, you won't see
> it until you commit the transaction. (As soon as you commit, the
> declarative peace is over and you better watch out that your data
> doesn't become inconsistent due to aliasing.)

Alas, transaction isolation levels are a performance hack.
I cannot defend them on any logical basis. (Aside: did you mean
serializable, rather than repeatable read?)


> Aliasing isn't really related to specific programming practices. If two
> accountants chat, and one talks about the hot blonde secretaire and the
> other about his adorable wife, you can imagine the awkwardness that
> ensues as soon as they find out they're talking about the same person!

Heh, that's not aliasing. That's the undecidability of intentional
function equivalence. <joke>


> The only thing that can really be done about it is not adding it
> artificially into a program. In those cases where aliasing is part of
> the modelled domain, you really have to carefully inspect all
> interactions and never, never, never dream about abstracting it away.

Yes, aliasing introduces a lot of problems. This is one reason
why closures make me nervous.


Marshall



From skip at pobox.com  Sun Jul 16 07:03:05 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 06:03:05 -0500
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
	<mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
Message-ID: <17594.7401.32497.79443@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Chris> Yeah, "import readline" works just fine. My problem isn't hard to
    Chris> replicate. Can anyone else on Linux get command history to work
    Chris> with the following code? Note, it should be saved and run from a
    Chris> file.

Command history across sessions or just command recall from the current
session?  On my Mac your script works just fine for me (no import readline
as Robert Kern indicated in his reply) to do command recall from the the
current session, but more is needed if you expect to get command history
across sessions.

Skip


From http  Thu Jul 13 01:54:27 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 22:54:27 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B5CC2E.7040005@anansispaceworks.com>
	<mailman.8102.1152769828.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x7j2ivylo.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Ganesan Rajagopal <rganesan at myrealbox.com> writes:
> hash is a number. It's sufficient to do
> 
> while d.has_key(key):
>     key += 1

This is called linear probing and is not considered that great a
collision resolution strategy for hash tables.  Really, if you want an
exhaustive study about hashing, see Knuth vol 3.  If you're just
trying to get the application doing something reasonable, let the
database do its job.


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Tue Jul 18 17:42:20 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:42:20 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <44bd382a$0$895$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd382a$0$895$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <1153258940.876261.162530@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I'll try to figure out a way to let people know who the FAQ I am :)

The Eternal Squire

M?ta-MCI wrote:
> Hi!
>
> Interesting (or fun?).
> Have you a Internet page, or only README?
> 
> @+
> 
> MCI



From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:45:27 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:45:27 -0700
Subject: pytables - best practices / mem leaks
In-Reply-To: <1153161415.539324.34560@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153161415.539324.34560@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153255527.506179.319300@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


py_genetic wrote:
> I have an H5 file with one group (off the root) and two large main
> tables and I'm attempting to aggragate my data into 50+ new groups (off
> the root) with two tables per sub group.
>
> sys info:
> PyTables version:  1.3.2
> HDF5 version:      1.6.5
> numarray version:  1.5.0
> Zlib version:      1.2.3
> BZIP2 version:     1.0.3 (15-Feb-2005)
> Python version:    2.4.2 (#1, Jul 13 2006, 20:16:08)
> [GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5250)]
> Platform:          darwin-Power Macintosh (v10.4.7)
> Byte-ordering:     big
>
> Ran all pytables tests included with package and recieved an OK.
>
>
> Using the following code I get one of three errors:
>
> 1. Illegal Instruction
>
> 2. Malloc(): trying to call free() twice
>
> 3. Bus Error
>
> I believe all three stem from the same issue, involving a malloc()
> memory problem in the pytable c libraries.  I also believe this may be
> due to how I'm attempting to write my sorting script.
>
> The script executes fine and all goes well until I'm sorting about
> group 20 to 30 and I throw one of the three above errors depending on
> how/when I'm flush() close() the file.  When I open the file after the
> error using h5ls all tables are in perfact order up to the crash and if
> I continue from the point every thing runs fine until python throws the
> same error again after another 10 sorts or so.  The somewhat random
> crashing is what leads me to believe I have a memory leak or my method
> of doing this is incorrect.
>
> Is there a better way to aggragate data using pytables/python? Is there
> a better way to be doing this?  This seems strait forward enough.
>
> Thanks,
> Conor
>
> #function to agg state data from main neg/pos tables into neg/pos state
> tables
>
> import string
> import tables
>
>
> def aggstate(state, h5file):
>
> 	print state
>
> 	class PosRecords(tables.IsDescription):
> 		sic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
> 		numsic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
> 		empsiz = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		salvol = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		popcod = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		state = tables.StringCol(2, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		zip = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 1)
>
> 	class NegRecords(tables.IsDescription):
> 		sic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
> 		numsic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
> 		empsiz = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		salvol = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		popcod = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		state = tables.StringCol(2, '?', 1, None, 0)
> 		zip = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 1)
>
>
>
> 	group1 = h5file.createGroup("/", state+"_raw_records", state+" raw
> records")
>
> 	table1 = h5file.createTable(group1, "pos_records", PosRecords, state+"
> raw pos record table")
> 	table2 = h5file.createTable(group1, "neg_records", NegRecords, state+"
> raw neg record table")
>
> 	table = h5file.root.raw_records.pos_records
> 	point = table1.row
> 	for x in table.iterrows():
> 		if x['state'] == state:
> 				point['sic'] = x['sic']
> 				point['numsic'] = x['numsic']
> 				point['empsiz'] = x['empsiz']
> 				point['salvol'] = x['salvol']
> 				point['popcod'] = x['popcod']
> 				point['state'] = x['state']
> 				point['zip'] = x['zip']
>
> 				point.append()
>
> 	h5file.flush()
>
> 	table = h5file.root.raw_records.neg_records
> 	point = table2.row
> 	for x in table.iterrows():
> 		if x['state'] == state:
> 				point['sic'] = x['sic']
> 				point['numsic'] = x['numsic']
> 				point['empsiz'] = x['empsiz']
> 				point['salvol'] = x['salvol']
> 				point['popcod'] = x['popcod']
> 				point['state'] = x['state']
> 				point['zip'] = x['zip']
>
> 				point.append()
>
>
> 	h5file.flush()
>
>
>
> states =
> ['AL','AK','AZ','AR','CA','CO','CT','DC','DE','FL','GA','HI','ID','IL','IN','IA','KS','KY','LA','ME','MD','MA','MI','MN','MS','MO','MT','NE','NV','NH','NJ','NM','NY','NC','ND','OH','OK','OR','PA','RI','SC','SD','TN','TX','UT','VT','VA','WA','WV','WI','WY']
>
> h5file = tables.openFile("200309_data.h5", mode = 'a')
>
> for i in xrange(len(states)):
> 	aggstate(states[i], h5file)
>
> h5file.close()

The problem with my above posting is that h5file.flush() should be
table.flush() (flush the table not the whole object) although
h5file.flush() is an actual method I don't believe it correctly writes
to the tables, it causes all types of issues as time goes on and I
think overlaps .close() causing more issues.  I also flushed the table1
and table2 after I created the new group and table1 and table2 each
iteration, things are stable now, pytables is great.



From email at christoph-haas.de  Mon Jul 24 07:29:46 2006
From: email at christoph-haas.de (Christoph Haas)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:29:46 +0200
Subject: Python to log into web site
In-Reply-To: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>
References: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <200607241329.46977.email@christoph-haas.de>

On Tuesday 18 July 2006 17:46, david brochu jr wrote:
> I have been browsing around the net looking for a way (hopefully an
> easily implemented module) to log into a web site using python. The site
> I wish to log into is an internal site which requires email address and
> password for authentication. Does anyone have any suggestions or links
> that might point me in the right direction?

Is http://twill.idyll.org/ perhaps something for you?

Regards
 Christoph
-- 
~
~
".signature" [Modified] 1 line --100%--                1,48         All


From dale_huffman at steris.com  Tue Jul 11 17:26:11 2006
From: dale_huffman at steris.com (Dale Huffman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 14:26:11 -0700
Subject: More on Tk event_generate and threads
Message-ID: <1152653171.277633.204440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

There have been a number of posts about calling gui methods from other
threads.  Eric Brunel. has reccommended calling the gui's
.event_generate method with data passed thru a queue.  This worked
great for me until trying to write to the gui from multiple threads.
There I had problems: random typesof crashes almost all resulting in
seg faults.  I thought this info might help anyone trying to do the
sameor at least save some time debugging.

I wrote a (hopefully) simple and minimal piece of code to demonstrate
the problem included below.  My knowledge of the Tcl/Tk interface is
minimal.

Another interesting thing is it fails on some systems and not on
others.  All Linux:

Runs fine on:
	Dual Opteron Fedora5
	Linux xxxx 2.6.16-1.2096_FC5 #1 SMP Wed Apr 19 05:14:26 EDT 2006
x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

	Singe Pentium Fedora4
	uname info unavailable right now

Fails on:
	Singe Xeon SuSE 10.1
	Linux xxxx 2.6.16.13-4-smp #1 SMP Wed May 3 04:53:23 UTC 2006 i686
i686 i386 GNU/Linux

	Single Celeron 400 (Embedded BlueCat)
	Linux 2.6.7 #45 i686 i686 i386 (not copy pasted)

	Single Celeron 400
	SuSE 10.1 - not available


My solution (others have done the same) was to go back to having the
gui thread call its own event_generate method with the event string
passed in through queue and using a polling loop with after methods.

Would someone please verify that this shouldn't be done for some reason
such as thread-safety or point out what I'm doing wrong?  It seems from
some of the errors that the event data is getting overwritten.  I've
included the code, if anyone wants to see some of the errors I have
saved them.

---------------------------
from Tkinter import *
import threading
import Queue
from time import sleep
import random

class Thread_0(threading.Thread):
	def __init__(self):
		threading.Thread.__init__(self)

	def run(self):
		count=0
		while True:
			count+=1
			hmi.thread_0_update(count)
			sleep(random.random()/100)

class Thread_1(threading.Thread):
	def __init__(self):
		threading.Thread.__init__(self)

	def run(self):
		count=0
		while True:
			count+=1
			hmi.thread_1_update(count)
			sleep(random.random()/100)

class HMI:
	def __init__(self):
		self.master=Tk()
		self.master.geometry('200x200+1+1')

		f=Frame(self.master)
		f.pack()

		self.l0=Label(f)
		self.l0.pack()
		self.l1=Label(f)
		self.l1.pack()

		self.q0=Queue.Queue()
		self.q1=Queue.Queue()

		self.master.bind("<<Thread_0_Label_Update>>",self.thread_0_update_e)
		self.master.bind("<<Thread_1_Label_Update>>",self.thread_1_update_e)

	def start(self):
		self.master.mainloop()
		self.master.destroy()

	#################################
	def thread_0_update(self,val):
		self.q0.put(val)
		self.master.event_generate('<<Thread_0_Label_Update>>',when='tail')

	def thread_1_update(self,val):
		self.q1.put(val)
		self.master.event_generate('<<Thread_1_Label_Update>>',when='tail')

	def thread_0_update_e(self,e):
		while self.q0.qsize():
			try:
				val=self.q0.get()
				self.l0.config(text=str(val))
			except Queue.Empty:
				pass

	def thread_1_update_e(self,e):
		while self.q1.qsize():
			try:
				val=self.q1.get()
				self.l1.config(text=str(val))
			except Queue.Empty:
				pass

##########################
if __name__=='__main__':
	hmi=HMI()
	t0=Thread_0()
	t1=Thread_1()
	t0.start()
	t1.start()
	hmi.start()

---------------------------



From eric.frost at mp2kmag.com  Sat Jul 15 19:02:31 2006
From: eric.frost at mp2kmag.com (Eric Frost)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 18:02:31 -0500
Subject: Using MapPoint with Python
Message-ID: <002601c6a862$c0c364d0$0301a8c0@Ericdell>

New article on using Python scripting to automate map-making with example 
code, see screenshots.

[MP2K Magazine] Using Python to Control MapPoint, Part 2
?Second of a two-part article by Richard Marsden on scripting MapPoint using 
Python.?
http://www.mp2kmag.com/a134--python.winwaed.automation.mappoint.html

Eric Frost
http://www.mp2kmag.com - The Magazine for MapPoint 



From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 19:02:20 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:02:20 -0700
Subject: File Copy Script?
Message-ID: <1153954939.934046.48550@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi Folks,

Just before I write a script, I want to see if anyone has beaten me to
it as it seems a common scenario :-)

I want a script ot copy files and folders from say C: to Z: but only
copy files that are writable (i.e. Read Only flag not set).

xcopy has let me down :-(

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 08:31:20 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:31:20 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153385439.334751.35080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8357.1153379782.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153385439.334751.35080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf7799$0$13535$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
(snip)
> 
> __monitor_event is not supposed to be a write accessor. My point was
> show how you can change the state of an object internally without
> needing external access to it. Since some people are surprisingly
> claiming it is not possible.

I failed to see anyone making such a claim.

(snip)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 12:49:53 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 09:49:53 -0700
Subject: FTP (ftplib) output capture
In-Reply-To: <1154361189.292460.108940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361189.292460.108940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154364593.644336.65060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

ChaosKCW wrote:
> Hi
>
> Has anyone caputerd the output from the std ftp lib? It seems a bit
> annoying that everything is printed to stdout. It means incorporating
> this into any real program is a problem. It would have been much better
> if they used the std logging module and hooked up a console logger for
> the feault ftp application. Alas it isnt that way.
>
> Capturing stdout like this??? :
>
> import sys
>
> sys.stdout = open('bb', 'w)
>
> But I want to re-route it to the logging module not a file , so do I
> need to write a steam object?
>
> Thanks,

ftplib pre-dates the standard logging system by a bit.

I think ftplib only prints stuff if you set its (the FTP class
instances') debug level to greater than 0.

If you really want to replace sys.stdout with something that passes the
data to a logger, then something like the following (untested) class
should do it:

class FileLog:
    def __init__(self, log):
        self.log = log
    def write(self, data):
        self.log.debug(data)

The best solution might be to subclass or rewrite FTP to really do what
you want.  I believe one of the goals of Python-3000 is better
integration of the standard library with the new-ish standard logging
system, so if you do a good job send it in.  ;-)

Peace,
~Simon



From antroy at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 12:44:44 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:44:44 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152290684.030435.137630@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>


Rob Cowie wrote:
> Just forget the lists...
> counters = {0:0, 1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0}

Or perhaps just use a list:

>>> counters = [0,0,0,0]
>>> def inc(v):
...   counters[v] += 1
...
>>> inc(1)
>>> inc(1)
>>> inc(3)
>>> counters
[0, 2, 0, 1]

> The increment function should probably include a try:...except:

Likewise for IndexErrors



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 14:07:23 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:07:23 -0700
Subject: dict = no ordered keys = no slicing
In-Reply-To: <slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>
	<slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1152900443.258787.176110@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
> iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order.

Antoon,

First of all there is a distinction between ordered and un-ordered data
types. You can only slice ordered data types. Lists and tuples are
ordered while the keyset (note the _set_ part) of a dictionary is a set
- it is un-ordered and consists of unique elements, the keys.

Besides, I don't really understand what you mean by saying "a tree acts
like a dictionary"? You don't really iterate over the dictionary
because the keys are not in order! Remeber that. The confusing part is
that ks=dic.keys() will return a list so that makes you think ks[0] is
somehow first for some reason, but it shouldn't be.

You see, dictionaries were there in Python before sets(), that is why
when sets are supposed to be used a dictionary or list is used. keys()
is one of these example. Hopefully this will change in P3K so that the
key_set_ of a dictionary is a set() so people don't get confused.

As far as the tree goes, I still don't see how you would apply the
slice operator to the tree. You can traverse the tree in-order,
pre-order or post-order so how does slicing fit in there.

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc


Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-14, Lawrence Oluyede <rhymes at myself.com> wrote:
> > Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
> >
> >> These are just some ideas. Whether they fit into python or not I will
> >> leave to the developers.
> >
> > I'm not a Python pro. but:
> >
> >> 1) Literal slices, in a sense we already have these, but they are
> >>    limited to indexing. You can't do something like fun(::). May
> >>    be this means the notation used now has to be adapted.
> >
> > I don't see the use case for this.
>
> You don't think it usefull that when you need a slice as an argument
> you can use the same notation as when you use when you need a
> slice as an index?
>
> I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
> iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order. This
> makes it usefull to iterate over a slice. So it would be usefull
> if methods like keys, values and items could take a slice as
> an argument and use the same notation for it. Something like
>
>   for k, v in t.items('a':'b'):
>
> Which would iterate over all items where the key starts with
> an 'a'. Sure you don't need it. You could just use
>
>   for k, v in t.items(slice('a','b')):
>
> or you could define the items method with the same signature
> as range or xrange. But it seems appropiate that the same
> notation can be used anywhere.
>
> >> 2) Iterable slices. Allow (provided the slice notation stays:)
> >>
> >>       for i in (1:10):
> >>          ...
> >>
> >>    to do the same as:
> >>
> >>       for i in xrange(1,10):
> >>
> >>   This will allow to get rid of both range and xrange. Xrange
> >>   is totally unnecessary and range(a,b) becomes list(a:b).
> >
> > -1. First: you have to introduce new syntax for an old thing.
>
> That syntax already exists, it just is only available as an
> index.
>
> > Second:
> > you overload the meaning of slicing and the slice operator and so on.
>
> It's meaning is not overloaded, it just gets extra functionality.
>
> > range is perfectly integrated and the right tool for the job.
>
> Range as it is, is going to disappear. Last time I read the
> python 3000 Pep range would get the functionality of xrange
> and xrange would disappear, and those who want a list will
> have to do: list(range(a,b))
>
> > There's no
> > need to introduce new syntax to iterate over a range of integers.
>
> Need is such a strong word. In the end we don't need python, but
> it seems very usefull to have it around. I understand that should this
> be introduced it could make people uneasy, but I also think it
> could be very usefull.
>
> >> 4) Introduce Top and Bottom objects, which will allways
> >>    compare greater/smaller to other objects. Make them
> >>    the default values for the start and stop values of
> >>    slices.
> >> 5) Give slices a "&" and "|" operator.
> >>
> >>
> >> 7) Give slices the possibility to include the stop value.
> >>
> >>    My first idea here was that the notation of slices
> >>    was adapted, so that what is a:b now would become
> >>    a:|b. A slice to include the b would then be a::b.
> >>    You could even have a slice that didn't include the
> >>    a but included the b like:  a|:b
> >>
> >>    Now I expect a lot of resitance here, so it this
> >>    seems not feasable, just drop it.
> >>
> >> 6) Is this is all asked too much, make slice at least
> >>    subclassable.
> >
> > Why do you need power slices?
>
> Because it would have made things a lot of easier for me in
> a number of cases. I have a table class that is like a
> list but can start at any index, it sure would have been
> easier to write with some of the possibilities above. I
> though to just write my own slice class, but slice is not
> subclassable, and when I just wrote my own from scratch,
> with a start, stop and step attribute I got an error that
> it wasn't an integer so couldn't be used as an index.
> So much for duck taping.
>
> But if this idea doesn't catch on, so be it.
> 
> -- 
> Antoon Pardon



From kylotan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 04:55:32 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:55:32 -0700
Subject: Detecting socket connection failure
In-Reply-To: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153385732.280968.266150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

schwehr at gmail.com wrote:
> First, the proof that
> something is there and rejecting the connection (or is it that this
> thing actually accepts the connection and then drops it?)...

Yes, it accepts it and then drops it, or perhaps drops it after
receiving some data? It's not a failed or rejected connection from a
socket point of view, however.

> In [4]: remote.recv(200)
> Out[4]: ''

Assuming I understand the socket module, given how under-documented it
is, I assume this means the socket has now been closed.

> How do I detect this case?  The recv may
> really not have any data for a long time, so a recv of no bytes is not
> a way to test the connection status.

You already received zero bytes the first time, which I believe means
the socket is closed, and you shouldn't pass it to select a second
time. You should never get zero bytes unless the socket is closed,
otherwise it would just sit there and wait until it has some bytes to
return to you. Select doesn't tell you that there's data waiting -
obviously it can't, as how would it handle the write case? - but in
fact tells you that the socket is 'ready', and operations upon it
should return immediately. And 'ready' in this case could well just
mean it's ready to tell you that it's not connected.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From mhellwig at xs4all.nl  Wed Jul 19 18:15:26 2006
From: mhellwig at xs4all.nl (Martin P. Hellwig)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 00:15:26 +0200
Subject: sysadmin -> python programmer
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.17.54.21.129104@dcs.nac.uci.edu>
References: <pan.2006.07.19.17.54.21.129104@dcs.nac.uci.edu>
Message-ID: <44beaf06$0$31652$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

Dan Stromberg wrote:
> I've been a sysadmin for about 13 years, but I'm realizing that my
> favorite part of being a sysadmin are those moments where there's a reason
> to write some code - preferably in python.
> 
> What might one do to make the transition from sysadmin to python
> programmer, aside from the basics like coming up with a python heavy
> resume and putting some python projects on the web?
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> 
Well not a programmer, but I learned that it works in every line of work:
'When you're capable to get from a cause and need to a solution, then 
whatever you do would be fruitful.'

-- 
mph


From blue99 at interia.pl  Fri Jul 28 05:17:08 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:17:08 -0700
Subject: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
In-Reply-To: <1154074993.138404.145380@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154074993.138404.145380@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154078228.110385.236630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


ralphdepping at googlemail.com wrote:
> Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and
> python.  I get the following error when trying to view the start page
> after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end
> related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code
> 10107).  10107 is "A system call that should never fail has
> failed"...which isn't very helpful.  Any ideas what the problem may be?
>
>  Thanks,
> Ralph
>
> CGI Error
> The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete
> set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are:
>
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi", line 40, in ?
>     from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI
>   File "C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py", line 10, in ?
>     import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO
>   File "C:\Python\lib\cgi.py", line 39, in ?
>     import urllib
>   File "C:\Python\lib\urllib.py", line 26, in ?
>     import socket
>   File "C:\Python\lib\socket.py", line 44, in ?
>     import _socket
> ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107

I'm not sure if that helps but check if you have multiple
winsock.dll files on the machine.
Maybe in the system path you have some old winsock.dll.

regards,
Rob



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 13:35:47 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 10:35:47 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <sddwtadbkst.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<sddwtadbkst.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
Message-ID: <1153071347.282931.203960@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Chris F Clark wrote:
> "Marshall" <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > In general, I feel that "records" are not the right conceptual
> > level to think about.
>
> Unfortunately, they are the right level.  Actually,the right level
> might even be lower, the fields within a record, but that's moving
> even farther away from the direction you wish to go.  The right level
> is the lowest level at which the programmer can see and manipulate
> values.

But how is this not always "the bit"?



> > I do not see that they have
> > any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
> > any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
> > than one key, and an update may change the values of one
> > key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
> > definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
> > of a table after an update to each record of the table before
> > the update, and if you can't do that, then where
> > is the record identity?
>
> I don't know if your point of having two keys within one table amkes a
> difference.  If one can uniquely identify a record, then it has
> identity.  The fact that there is another mapping where one may not be
> able to uniquely identify the record is not necessarily relevant.

The issue with two keys is that the keys may not *agree* on the
mapping before vs. after the update.


> > For example, we might ask in C, if we update a[i], will
> > the value of b[j] change? And we can't say, because
> > we don't know if there is aliasing. But in Fortran, we
> > can say that it won't, because they are definitely
> > different variables.
>
> Unfortunately, your statement about FORTRAN is not true, if a and b
> are parameters to a subroutine (or members of a common block, or
> equivalenced, or ...), then an update of a[i] might change b[j].

Ah, common blocks. How that takes me back!

But your point is a good one; I oversimplified.


> Marshall again:
> > Fair enough. I could only remember three, but I was sure someone
> > else could name more. :-)
>
> There actual are some more, but very rare, for example there was call-
> by-text-string, which is sort of like call-by-name, but allows a
> parameter to reach into the calling routine and mess with local
> variables therein.  Most of the rare ones have really terrible
> semantics, and are perhaps best forgotten except to keep future
> implementors from choosing them.  For example, call-by-text-string is
> really easy to implement in a naive interpreter that reparses each
> statement at every invocation, but but it exposes the implementation
> properties so blatantly that writing a different interpretor is nearly
> impossible.
>
> If I recall correctly, there are also some call-by- methods that take
> into account networks and addressing space issues--call-by-reference
> doesn't work if one cannot see the thing being referenced.  Of coruse,
> one must then ask whether one considers "remote-procedure-call" and/or
> message-passing to be the same thing as a local call.
>
> One last nit, Call-by-value is actually call-by-copy-in-copy-out when
> generalized.
>
> There are some principles that one can use to organize the parameter
> passing methods.  However, the space is much richer than people
> commonly know about (and that is actually a good thing, that most
> people aren't aware of the richness, simplicity is good).


Fair enough.


Marshall



From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:47:08 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:47:08 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for your help

My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file.  So, I would
like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).

I have made the following changes and it still doesn't work.


cnt = 0
p=[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]
reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
                         quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
for line in reader:
    if cnt > 6:
       break
    j = 0
    for col in line:
       p[j].append(col)
       j=j+1
    cnt = cnt + 1

print p

Iain King wrote:
> Roman wrote:
> > I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> > the following snipet:
> >
> > When I run I get no result
> >
> > cnt = 0
> > p=[]
> > reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
> >                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> > for line in reader:
> >     if cnt > 6:
> >        break
> >     for col in line:
> >        p[:0].append(str(col))
>
> What are you trying to do here?  p[:0]  returns a new list, of all the
> elements in p up to element 0 (which is of course the empty list),
> which is then appended to, but is not stored anywhere.  If you want to
> insert str(col) then use p.insert
> 
> 
> Iain



From buderman at cisco.com  Tue Jul 18 10:31:50 2006
From: buderman at cisco.com (Brian Buderman)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:31:50 -0400
Subject: Using Visual Slick Edit for Python
Message-ID: <1153233110.826006@sj-nntpcache-5>

Anyone know if there is a way to make slickedit tag the built in modules 
such as os and sys so that code completion and the like work?


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:40:09 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 08:40:09 -0500
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
In-Reply-To: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
References: <ldo-D130BB.19103610072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <e8tlbj$t18$1@sea.gmane.org>

Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   The one thing I observed (just an observation) is that:
> a) on 32-bit machines:
>     sizeof(int)  = 32
>     sizeof(long) = 32
> b) on 64-bit machines:
>     sizeof(int)  = 32
>     sizeof(long) = 64
> 
>     This in C and Python.

As I've said previously in this thread, not all systems work like that. 
Specifically, on Win64 sizeof(long) == 32.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 07:47:07 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:47:07 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153223227.195201.237470@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Use it anywhere a quick definition of a function is needed that can be
written as an expression. For example when a callback function is
needed you could say:
def callback(x,y):
  return x*y
some_function(when_done_call_this=callback)
But with lambda you could just write
some_function(when_done_call_this=lambda x,y:x*y)
Note: because it is an _expression_ you cannot do stuff like 'if..else'
inside of lambda.

-Nick V.

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> Hey there,
> i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> books.
> 
> thanks for any clarity
> 
> sk



From noone at nowhere  Tue Jul  4 07:34:48 2006
From: noone at nowhere (Jonathan Harris)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 12:34:48 +0100
Subject: Py2exe make wxPython window looks bad
In-Reply-To: <1151654367.250645.189020@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151653241.416599.6450@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151654367.250645.189020@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <77WdnYD9t7DEzzfZnZ2dnUVZ8s2dnZ2d@pipex.net>

Ray wrote:
> http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/FAQ#head-4cc058aed6216dd200d55a6e4c077ccbe82bd142


Here's a trick that embeds the manifest into the executable (which is a 
little cleaner) and adds meta info.


1. Add this to the top of your setup.py. Supply your application's name, 
version number and description as appname, appversion and appdescrip:

manifest=('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>\n'+
           '<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" 
manifestVersion="1.0">\n'+
           '<assemblyIdentity\n'+
           '    version="%4.2f.0.0"\n' % appversion +
           '    processorArchitecture="X86"\n'+
           '    name="%s"\n' % appname +
           '    type="win32"\n'+
           '/>\n'+
           '<description>%s.</description>\n' % appdescrip +
           '<dependency>\n'+
           '    <dependentAssembly>\n'+
           '        <assemblyIdentity\n'+
           '            type="win32"\n'+
           '            name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"\n'+
           '            version="6.0.0.0"\n'+
           '            processorArchitecture="X86"\n'+
           '            publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"\n'+
           '            language="*"\n'+
           '        />\n'+
           '    </dependentAssembly>\n'+
           '</dependency>\n'+
           '</assembly>\n')


2. Within your setup routine, change your 'windows' entry to:

windows = [{'script': 'mainframe.py',
             'other_resources': [(24,1,manifest)],
             }],


Jonathan.


From skip at pobox.com  Fri Jul 14 00:49:30 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 23:49:30 -0500
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <1152823534.371539.138430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152823534.371539.138430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17591.8794.535422.520601@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Gerard> David Hirschfield wrote:
    >> I have this function:
    >> 
    >> def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
    ...
    >> 
    >> Which takes a list of numerical values "l" and splits it into chunks
    >> where each chunk is sequential...

    Gerard> see the groupby example here:

    Gerard> http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html 

I've never been a fan of the operator module, so I find the example in the
docs ugly even though it's succinct.  I'd also never used groupby but
thought it was the solution to the problem.  As I was walking home from the
train I realized how it would work.  You beat me to the punch with your
reply, but I'll post my solution anyway:

    from itertools import groupby

    class Counter:
        def __init__(self):
            self.last = None
            self.value = True

        def __call__(self, val):
            if self.last is not None and self.last+1 != val:
                self.value = not self.value
            self.last = val
            return self.value

    for key, group in groupby([1,2,3, 5,6, 8, 12,13,14], Counter()):
        print list(group)

Skip


From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul  4 10:39:41 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:39:41 -0000
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12akvddkn79b30d@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-04, Gaurav Agarwal <gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com> wrote:

> I wanted a script that can convert any file format (RTF/DOC/HTML/PDF/PS
> etc) to text format.

And I want to win the lottery.  

Without having to buy tickets.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  You can't hurt
                                  at               me!! I have an ASSUMABLE
                               visi.com            MORTGAGE!!


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Thu Jul 27 14:00:46 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:00:46 -0700
Subject: New release of Diet Python (0.2 Beta)!!!
Message-ID: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

What's new in this release?
----------------------------------------
Release 0.2 has a reworked Python module interface to the _alpymodule.
I believe it to be much more 'pythonic'.   There's a lot less code to
write
just in order to make a simple example work.  See the examples!

I've dropped in the Allegro library from the OpenLayer project.  That
one
seems to be a lot more reliable.

I'm using sources from the Python 2.5 beta 2 PSF release.

I've also rewritten some of the Allegro examples just to show that the
reworked interface works.

I also fixed a serious bug in the Python startup... the cutdown
python.exe
can now be executed via the PATH.

I also added back the _randommodule, and exposed the Random object at
startup.

Diet Python is now starting to look like a lightweight, hardcore, bare
metal
gaming Python.


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language

ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
clients thin :)

You'll find it in http://sourceforge.net/projects/dietpython

Cheers,

The Eternal Squire



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 13:33:23 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:33:23 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4i4jktF234d2U1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153244003.795254.55840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
>
> > Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> >>
> >> Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
> >> that you can put any numbers in you like
> >>
> >
> > I know this is self-evident to most of the people reading this, but I
> > thought it worth pointing out that this is a great way to test
> > membership in range(lo, hi, step) without doing "the necessary
> > algebra".
> >
> > i.e.  n in set(xrange(0, 10000, 23)) ...
>
> No, its not. It works, but it works by no means faster than
>
> n in range(0, 10000, 23)
>
> Both need O(n), which is a bit slow compared to
>
> (((n - 15) % 23) == 0 and n >= 15 and n < 10000)
>
> that will run in O(1)
>
> Diez

You're right, of course.  I should have said that if you're testing
such a membership, say, 30000 times AND you (like me) are slightly
rusty on the algebra and prefer to let the computer do it, then you
could use something like:

test_set = set(xrange(0, 10000, 23))

if n in test_set:
    ...

;-)
~Simon



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 19:00:34 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 16:00:34 -0700
Subject: Can thread start other threads?
In-Reply-To: <4i55tpF28h6iU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153259879.818215.103030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i55tpF28h6iU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153263633.978932.3190@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the confirmation.

I will see if I can reduce the code down to something managable and
post the failing code.



Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> John Henry schrieb:
> > Can Python thread start threads?  It appears not.  When I do that, the
> > sub-threads gets to certain point and just sit there.  If I run the
> > code serially and not run the sub-thread code as threads, everything is
> > fine.
>
> It can.
>
> import threading, time
>
>
> class Test(threading.Thread):
>      def __init__(self, num):
>          threading.Thread.__init__(self)
>          self._num = num
>          self.setDaemon(True)
>          self.start()
>
>      def run(self):
>          if self._num > 0:
>              t = Test(self._num - 1)
>          while True:
>              time.sleep(.2)
>              print "T_%i" % self._num
>
>
> t = Test(4)
>
> while True:
>      time.sleep(2.0)
>
>
> > I throught the problem is when you run multiple processes of Pythons...
>
>
> No.
>
> Whatever you do, it must be the cause. Without code - nobody can tell
> you why.
> 
> Diez



From alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 06:50:40 2006
From: alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com (Alan Franzoni)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 12:50:40 +0200
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
References: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>
Message-ID: <1231x16uv7ahg.bhu61xmdg5v9$.dlg@40tude.net>

Il Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:24:01 GMT, crystalattice ha scritto:

> I can't see why it's saying this because Character.__init__(self) not only  
> has self.attrib_dict = {} but it also calls the setAttribute method  
> explicitly for each attribute name. If I do a print out of the dictionary  
> just for Character, the attributes are listed.

Are you sure attrib_dict is a class attribute? Aren't you defining it in
charachter's __init__ method, thus making it an instance attribute?


-- 
Alan Franzoni <alan.franzoni.xyz at gmail.com>
-
Togli .xyz dalla mia email per contattarmi.
Rremove .xyz from my address in order to contact me.
-
GPG Key Fingerprint:
5C77 9DC3 BD5B 3A28 E7BC 921A 0255 42AA FE06 8F3E 
-
Blog: http://laterradeglieroi.verdiperronchi.com


From mirnazim at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:10:19 2006
From: mirnazim at gmail.com (Mir Nazim)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:10:19 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <44c6586b$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6586b$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1153854619.816433.27800@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Again, I don't understand. You have 924 things, eliminate some of them,
> and end up with 1060 things? Eliminating elements should decrease
> the number, not increase it.

yes, u are right I had to types of lists:

one one them has 924 permutations and other has 792 making them 1722.
out of which only 1060 are permissible permutations

>
> > Now I ahave a lits with 1060 lists in it. Now comes the hard part.
> > How many possible distinct ways are there to arrange 1060 elements
> > taken 96 at a time
> >
> > 1060! / (1060 - 96)!
>
> Well, this gives you
>
> 3179049214270213494856036082395246272767603703117029227219760559555570970143122666905356954926552940841376332310832740817342891028120773779767941521978678527871167070887214646849981846725146620998653633794832176123350796907123110479415043912870243292225353946234880000000000000000000000000
>
> lists. Assuming you have a 4GHz machine, and assuming you can
> process one element per processor cycle (which you can't in
> any programming language), you would still need
>
> 25201747322664680800165176959627459671229735089398062747493028281611261495934191613595232075457833435132676404036916070660062238617142105686897050370835541348547430483314423570284610022871849798632147655019915145574508473705630949386534784951089574551507435520000000000000
>
> years to process them all. Even if you had 10000000000
> computers (i.e. one per human being on the planet), you
> still need ... you get the idea.
>

I under stand all these calculations.

> > Now out of these i need to test only those lists whose sum of
> > elements(18 or 19) follows a particular pattern.
>
> To succeed, you must take this condition into account.
> What is the particular pattern?
>

here is the pattern:

If
A = 18
B = 19

    ONLY POSSIBLE Sequence of A, B type rows is as follows
    A B A A B A B A A B A A B A A B A B A A B A A B A B A A B A
(REPEATING after this)

I need only thos permutations that follow this pattern. After that I
need to look of a few groupings of elements. like:

     (2, 2) = 61 occurs times
     (1, 1) = 54 occurs times
     (2, 2, 2) = 29 occurs times
     (1, 1, 1) = 13 occurs times

and so on. I am looking for the 96 row matrix that satisfies these
groupings.



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 03:21:23 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 00:21:23 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
>
> But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice property
> called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to make one of a
> few choices: (a) give up encapsulation, which isn't too happy; (b) rely
> on type inference for this kind of stuff, and consider it okay if the
> type inference system breaks encapsulation; or (c) invent some kind of
> generic constraint language so that constraints like this could be
> expressed without exposing field names.  Choice (b) is incomplete, as
> there will often be times when I need to ascribe a type to a parameter
> or some such thing, and the lack of ability to express the complete type
> system will be rather limiting.  Choice (c), though, looks a little
> daunting.

Damn the torpedoes, give me choice c!

I've been saying for a few years now that encapsulation is only
a hack to get around the lack of a decent declarative constraint
language.


Marshall



From dkuhlman at rexx.com  Tue Jul 25 14:29:17 2006
From: dkuhlman at rexx.com (Dave Kuhlman)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 18:29:17 GMT
Subject: Python and C++
References: <1153849896.569398.39200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1qtxg.135369$dW3.135162@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>

KraftDiner wrote:

> What ways can I call my C++ classes from within Python.
> I've looked at boost but it would appear that there is little
> support or knowledge on boost in the python community.

If you want to write Python wrappers for C++ code *by hand*, look
here:

    http://docs.python.org/ext/ext.html
    http://docs.python.org/api/api.html

If you want to generate wrappers for C++ code (or C code) with
SWIG, look here:

    http://www.swig.org/

Dave


-- 
http://www.rexx.com/~dkuhlman


From theLunpa at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 02:03:08 2006
From: theLunpa at gmail.com (Lunpa)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 23:03:08 -0700
Subject: Installation of python on my workspace.
In-Reply-To: <1152155318.294350.105550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152155318.294350.105550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152165787.655767.198080@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


pyguru at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I had two questions. I am new to Unix and Python. I wanted to get
> python installed on my unix terminal without too much interference from
> the administrator. How can I do this?
>
> It seems python is already installed at some location. But when i type
> Idle I am not able to get the Integrated Environment(IDLE). There is
> already the Tkinter.py installed . Do i have to modify my profile and
> add any environment variables to my .profile to get it going.
>
> I would greatly appreciate it, if anyone could help me with this.
> Thanks.

As far as I know, my linux instalation of python doesn't have an IDE,
but it could be different for your situation.  If it is, the command is
probably not called "idle" (that does something else normaly).

You can always use an existing text editor.  If python itself is
installed, you should be able to type "python" to bring up the
interperiter, or "python filename.py" to run filename.py.



From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 05:23:47 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 02:23:47 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8245.1153123693.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153128227.372898.173780@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

That is true, but I'm not about to do something
that might potentially prove my point wrong... :)



Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net


Robert Kern wrote:
>
> You have it backwards. You are the one making the positive assertion. You get to
> prove yourself correct.
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 25 01:50:04 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 07:50:04 +0200
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.05.50.02.988935@gmx.net>

In <1153785622.870353.85960 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, nephish wrote:

> tohex gave me
> '53 54 58
  
   S  T  X

> 00 00 00 34

Length!?  Decimal 57.

> 00 00 00 c8

Type!?  Decimal 200.

> 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
> 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76 6f 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Payload!?

> 45 4e 58'

  E  N  X

> this is the login message (message type 200)

import struct

data = ('STX'
        '\x00\x00\x004'
        '\x00\x00\x00\xc8'
        'stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
        '\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'
        '\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX')

def split_message(message):
    if not (message.startswith('STX') or message.endswith('ENX')):
        raise ValueError('missing start or end sequence')
    length, message_type = struct.unpack('>II', message[3:11])
    return length, message_type, message[11:-3]

print 'length: %d\ntype: %d\n%r' % split_message(data)

The problem I see is the length.  The payload without STX, ENX and the two
numbers in front is 47 bytes so there's a 5 byte difference.  You have to
look at some more messages to get an idea how the length corresponds to
the actual payloads length.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 05:06:05 2006
From: junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com (SuperHik)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 11:06:05 +0200
Subject: poplib Q
In-Reply-To: <pMgrg.646$tE5.495@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
References: <e8jj6q$bhg$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
	<Zncrg.17284$Uc3.13333@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<e8jkpn$ef7$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
	<pMgrg.646$tE5.495@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
Message-ID: <e8l85t$fns$1@ss408.t-com.hr>

Neil Hodgson wrote:
> SuperHik:
> 
>> I did ofc, but I noticed something strange...
>> *my* socket module really doesn't have SSL object,
>> even tho it's listed in the documentation...
>> (not the online docs, but docs that came with my Python version)
>> ffs how can that be!
> 
>    You are probably using ActiveState's distribution which doesn't 
> include SSL due to encryption regulations. The python.org distribution 
> does include SSL and you may be able to copy _ssl.pyd into the 
> ActiveState installation.
> 
>    Neil

thank you!
grrr at regulations


From saint.infidel at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 17:05:07 2006
From: saint.infidel at gmail.com (infidel)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 14:05:07 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152738307.131439.143660@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

>>> import types
>>> class OldStyle: pass
... 
>>> type(OldStyle) == types.ClassType
True



From theller at python.net  Mon Jul 10 14:40:00 2006
From: theller at python.net (Thomas Heller)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:40:00 +0200
Subject: Py_NewInterpreter(), is this a bug in the python core?
In-Reply-To: <1152548293.533331.232200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152548293.533331.232200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8u6tu$ur4$1@sea.gmane.org>

freesteel schrieb:
> /*
> Is this a bug in Py_NewInterpreter?
> 
> The function below "MyThread" is instantiated from a windows worker
> thread, but I don't
> think that is relevant.
> (I can try this on a linux box, but I would have to compile a python
> library with debugging
> enabled.)
> 
> The following code fragment throws an exception in a debug version of
> python:
> */
> 
> UINT MyThread(LPVOID lpParam)
> {
> 	{
> 		cs.Lock(); // this is a CCriticalSection lock
> 		if (!Py_IsInitialized())
> 		{
> 			Py_Initialize();
> 			PyEval_InitThreads();
> 
> 			// global pointer to the main PyThreadState object
> 			mainThreadState = PyThreadState_Get();
> 			PyEval_ReleaseLock();
> 		}
> 		cs.Unlock();
> 	}
> 
> 	ASSERT(Py_IsInitialized());
> 	ASSERT(PyEval_ThreadsInitialized());
> 	ASSERT(mainThreadState);
> 	threadnum++;
> 
> 	// get the global lock
> 	PyEval_AcquireLock();
>     PyGILState_STATE gstate;
>     gstate = PyGILState_Ensure(); // Is tis necessary?
> 
> 
> 	PyThreadState_Swap(mainThreadState);
> 	PyThreadState* nts = Py_NewInterpreter();
> 
> /*
> 
> The exception is thrown inside the above function call:
> This statement tries to swap the new threadstate 'tstate' with the
> current one
> 	save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
> 
> Inside PyThreadState_Swap the code uses another way
> 'PyGILState_GetThisThreadState()' to find the current thread state and
> compares this with the newly set thread state.
> Naturally you would expect the two to be equal but that test fails:
> #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && defined(WITH_THREAD)
> 	if (new) {
> 		PyThreadState *check = PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
> 		if (check && check != new)
> 			Py_FatalError("Invalid thread state for this thread");
> 	}
> #endif
> 
> The variable 'check' looks as if it is the 'previous' thread state, as
> if changing the thread state
> is not been done properly. Py_FatalError is called and that's the end.
> 
> Is there a mistake in my code, or is there something wrong in how
> Py_NewInterpreter is implemented?

As far as I know, the PyGILState_... functions are incompatible with multiple
Python interpreters.

Thomas



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 12:05:01 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 09:05:01 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153238701.886118.114990@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> Hey there,
> i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> books.

Lambda is just as powerful as a function, but totally useless =-P

Lambda used to be handy before the introduction of list comprehensions.
Now, though, there primary use is obfuscating your code.



From luismmorales at trazos.net  Thu Jul  6 06:48:54 2006
From: luismmorales at trazos.net (Luis Morales)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:48:54 +0200
Subject: rare error with python at execution
Message-ID: <001401c6a0e9$c749bb40$55dd31c0$@net>

I was trying the win32api to gather some system information.

 

But now I get this error everytime I run a script and I have no idea. It can
be a simple print 'hello' that it wont work

 

This is the error I get

 

'import site' failed; use -v for traceback

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "D:\Archivos de programa\ActiveState Komodo
3.5\lib\support\dbgp\bin\pydbgp.py", line 61, in ?

    if os.environ.has_key("PYDBGP_PATH"):

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'environ'

-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/attachments/20060706/ffc25c44/attachment.html>

From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 19:44:33 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 18:44:33 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05><R0bzg.1575$W93.779@dukeread05>
	<1154301911.467149.179590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Vxbzg.1580$W93.1160@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> 
> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> Philippe Martin wrote:
>>
>> > Hi,
>> >
>> > I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
>> >
>> > I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> > embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> > python library.
>> >
>> > l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
>> > l2 = func (l1)
>> > # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>> >
>> >
>> > Regards,
>> >
>> > Philippe
>>
>> Thanks to all,
>>
>> I decided to attack the problem another way and change the code in device
>> #2 so it can now take the output from device #1.
>>
>> As device #2 only needs to compare, add, and subtract the stuff .. it
>> makes my life much simpler.
>>
> 
> I'm confused.
> 1. Was the original device #1 or #2?
> 2. How many bits does the non-original device's C compiler support?
> 3. If the original device is device #1, please explain where *it*
> obtained an 8-digit decimal number expressed as 1 digit per byte (or
> int) ...


Well I don't want to bore you guys more than needed ;-) but:

Device #1 has an 8 bit processor - uses a C cross-compiler that does not
know anything above a 16 bit integer. I use this device to get information
from users "1234...".

Device #2 has an 8 bit processor - uses a subset of Java ... that does not
know anything above a 16 bit integer.


The information gathered in device number #1 must then be sent to device #2
(after being encrypted .... ) to be compared, subtracted or added.

The code I already have in device #2 makes the assumption that the
information received is an array of bytes of length N which represents an
actual value. ex: 0x67DF5 ==> [0x6, 0x7, 0xD, 0xF, 0x5] ... so it can
compare/add/subtract values ... and do its job.

As a python fan, I figured (back to my initial not very clear request), that
I could prototype the above without making any major assumption as to the
capabilities of the interpreter.


I still believe that to be true.

Regards,

Philippe
















From ejensen at visi.com  Wed Jul 19 12:53:40 2006
From: ejensen at visi.com (Ed Jensen)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:53:40 -0000
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>

Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
> Ah, you mean like in JAVA

Java is not an acronym.  That is: it's "Java", not "JAVA".

> where the compiler prevents you from accessing
> private variables, but the runtime allows access to these very variables
> via reflection? 

Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.


From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Sun Jul  9 08:45:27 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 05:45:27 -0700
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
Message-ID: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Pickling an instance of a class, gives "can't pickle instancemethod
objects". What does this mean? How do I find the class method creating
the problem?



From heuristic at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:48:17 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 22:48:17 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607031448p41e85df4i42a98e8968fe463c@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/3/06, Paul McGuire <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:
> "Alex Biddle" <heuristic at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:mailman.7731.1151943001.27775.python-list at python.org...
> > Hey, thanks for the reply Jean-Paul.
> >
> > That's pretty cool knowing that Python 2.5 will have it out of the
> > box, however what about basic out-of-the-box functionality in 2.4 (or
> > even older)?
> >
> > In all my other experiences Python comes with a lot of tools already
> > available, it seems odd not to have basic database functionality
> > installed as default.
> >
>
> Would you like a pony with that?  pysqlite *is* available today, and is not
> overly onerous to install or bundle with your own package.  And on the near
> horizon, we see that it *will* be part of the included batteries, so
> separate installation is only a temporary nuisance.
>
> But there is another database battery available in current Python versions.
> Try this:
>
> import bsddb
>
>
> No SQL support, instead this gives you a dict-like access to the database
> (values must be strings, so you have to serialize columns into something
> like XML, JSON, YAML, etc.):
>
> import bsddb
> db = bsddb.hashopen("testdb.db")
> db["Paul"]="""<user name="Paul" id="12345"/>"""
> db["Alex"]="""<user name="Alex" id="12346"/>"""
> print db.keys()
> del db["Paul"]
> print db.keys()
> db.close()
>
>


Thanks for the info. No thanks for the smarmy "pony" comment. I can't
install my own version because I'm on a shared server, of course
ideally I wouldn't like to be.


On 7/3/06, Shane Hathaway <shane at hathawaymix.org> wrote:
> Alex Biddle wrote:
> > Ah, so separate downloads then. At least now I know.
> >
> > Ergh... I checked the version of Python my current host is running and its 2.2.
> >
> > ...ergh....
>
> This is why you really want a VPS (virtual private server).  The cost is
> similar to a web host but you get to choose your own technologies and
> versions.  Several companies come to mind:
>
> http://westhost.com/
> http://jvds.com/
> http://linode.com/
>
> I'm using Westhost, which provides Python 2.2 if you ask for it, but I
> compiled Python 2.4 instead.  I didn't even have to ask whether I was
> allowed to do that. :-)
>
> Shane
>
>

Yeah, ideally a VPS would be the way to go. In the US hosting seems to
be cheaper than here in the UK, I don't know why. If I was going to
make a Python web app then I would go VPS, nowadays though I just make
do with PHP.


On 3 Jul 2006 09:45:35 -0700, BartlebyScrivener <rpdooling at gmail.com> wrote:
> I guess you looked here without finding what you want?
>
> http://www.python.org/doc/topics/database/
>
> What's the big deal with "out of the box"? People have different tastes
> in dbs and ways to access them, why not just pick the one you want and
> download it?
>
> You didn't say if you are on Linux or Windows. The ODBC module comes
> with PythonWin. Others have good luck with mxODBC, which works right
> out of the box after you download and install it.
>

The big deal with "out of the box" is that if it had support from the
outset for MySQL then Python could appeal to the mass market of people
who go for cheap-o hosts that can't be bothered to upgrade Python let
alone install databasefoo support. Currently this market is more or
less solely occupied by PHP.

Yes... I have installed MySQL support etc. on my local Linux server
but I /can't/ do that on a shared hosting environment.

> Searching the group will tell you all you need to know on this topic,
> as it comes up twice a week.
>

For what it's worth, I did try searching, but I guess my parametres
were the wrong ones. If it comes up twice a week, perhaps its a case
of demand and supply anyway?


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Fri Jul 28 04:12:31 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:12:31 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.08.12.30.294994@gmx.net>

In <44C9B607.B0FFBAC3 at rotten.apple.commie>, Steve Jobless wrote:

> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> 
>> Steve Jobless wrote:
>> > But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
>> > anyone using name xxx?"
>> 
>> assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject)
>> 
>> > The class may be used by  developers I don't
>> > even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...
>> 
>> How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given
>> app doesn't impact the source code.
> 
> Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers
> to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it. Even if they do, just
> updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but
> you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's
> their fault.

But if they mess with the objects of your library I expect them to check
first if this is the cause of the failures.  They hopefully *know* where
they crossed the line into my implementation.  Because adding a method to
a "foreign" class is semantically the same as writing it directly into the
source code of that library.

This should be done only when it's really needed and it should be
documented.  Just because it's possible doesn't mean it's the way to solve
most problems that may be better solved by inheritance.

>> Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose
>> you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes
>> are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for
>> this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and
>> maintaining your own branch.
>> 
> 
> <IMHO>
> 
> Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know
> what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not)
> know how it does (implementation). This is important because the class
> implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking
> users' code as long as the interface is compatible. (This is why most,
> if not all, instance variables should be private. You can use
> __getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to
> customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of
> the base class. You better not mess with it from the outside because
> updating the class can break your code. Unfortunately, I don't see a way
> to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make
> much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside.

It makes a difference.  If you subclass the chances that your modification
breaks if the implementation of the library class changes is much lower. 
Pythonistas expect a programmer to know this and act accordingly.

Separating interface and implementation is done by naming conventions in
Python.  If a name starts with an underscore it's not part of the API.

> I was hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the
> safety, but I don't hear much.
>
> It looks pretty good as long as it is used by a small
> group, especially for a small project. (Or Python is meant just for such
> projects?)

Please prove that the safety is sacrificed to the extent that you fear. 
This "if you don't have `private`, everything starts to fall apart and
explodes right in your face if the project starts to get bigger" arguments
aren't backed by empirical data either but often seems to be just learned
by heart in Java and C++ courses.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 26 03:12:07 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 00:12:07 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>
	<1153742350.379921.327120@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153897927.268046.209160@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Ray wrote:
> David Cook wrote:
> > On 2006-07-24, Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:
> >
> > > Jython isn't up to par with current Python versions either.
> >
> > But the last release is up to the level of C-Python 2.2 or so.  I don't
> > really feel like I'm missing that much with it.
>
> You mean the alpha? They're rushing for a beta now that'll bring Jython
> to 2.2, I hope it'll come out soon.

Aren't they "rushing" for years? The last update of the Jython news
page is from march 2005. This is not very encouraging even if there is
a secret life of Jython. But maybe we shouldn't worry because we can
still read:

"Jython, lest you do not know of it, is the most compelling weapon the
Java platform has for its survival into the 21st century:-)"

I would eventually forget Jython completely and select a bridge like
JPype and ask for use cases and expected interaction between both
languages.

> But yeah, compared to IronPython
> (2.4 compliant, halfway to 2.5 even), it's pretty behind. But things
> are changing the development seems to be picking up speed again!

But you can't compile a Python module into a dotNet library that is
used from C# which is the very essence of the CLR. IronPython is not
more usefull than PythonNet.



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Fri Jul 28 05:50:09 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:50:09 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Ben Sizer wrote:
>
> In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy,

There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones
have you tried and why are they insufficient?

> and web development support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI
> doesn't suffice, that is.

Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring,
but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels.

> In the original poster's case, it's seemingly because specific database support seems to
> be lacking. Improving the libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity
> of Python's potential applications rather than diminish it.

Last time I checked, which was admittedly a long time after I actually
needed the modules concerned, support for Oracle with Python was
actually pretty good. I suppose it's a case of the Django people
getting round to gluing the Oracle modules to their object-relational
mapper and making sure that it all still works, and perhaps some
motivated member of the Django community can step forward and do the
work to get it going. Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the
two technologies together.

Paul



From bborcic at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 12:52:47 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 18:52:47 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
>> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
> 
> You really can't assume anything like that.  Sorting assumes an order
> relation on the items being sorted, which means if a < b and b < c,
> then a < c.  If your comparison operation doesn't preserve that
> property then the sort algorithm could do anything, including looping
> forever or crashing.

Not if it does the minimum number of comparisons to achieve the sort, in which 
case it won't ever call cmp() if the result is pre-determined by the order 
relation and previous comparisons, so that it will never get from this 
comparison function a system of answers that's not consistent with an order 
relation. That's obvious at least in the case where random.random() == 0.5 never 
occurs (and at first sight even the latter case shouldn't change it).

Best, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"





From pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr  Wed Jul 26 05:31:52 2006
From: pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr (jean-michel bain-cornu)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:31:52 +0200
Subject: can wxpython checkbox use the "fill in" marker instead of the
	"check"?
In-Reply-To: <44c7345c$0$7766$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
References: <1153860796.917505.27640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c7345c$0$7766$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
Message-ID: <44c73702$0$7764$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>

>> i just like the look of the "fill-in" instead of the checkmark
I'm just realizing it's a good idea !
I'm going to use it. Thanks !


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:31:32 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:31:32 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97pp2$9p0$1@online.de>
References: <8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97pp2$9p0$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152891092.888466.79510@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > void foo() {
> >   int i = 0;
> >   int j = 0;
> >   j = 1;
> >   i = 2;
> >   // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled
>  >   // in above.
> >   // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.
> > }
> >
> > Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
> > identity.
>
> Sure. To state it more clearly, they cannot be aliases.

Yes.


>  > But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
> > without the possibility of identity.
>
> You're being a bit sloppy with terminology here. "Identity" in the
> phrase above refers to two entities, in the sense of "i and j cannot be
> identical".
> Identity is actually a property of a single entity, namely that what
> remains constant regardless of what you do with the entity.

It is a fair critque. I'll try to be more precise.


Marshall



From nogradi at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 19:06:25 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 01:06:25 +0200
Subject: When writing text. . .
In-Reply-To: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>
References: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607141606w6184f3c9odc1f9331e677e35d@mail.gmail.com>

> Hey I'm pretty new to python and I have a question.  I'm trying to write:
> "[BOOT]
> run=C:\windows\aawin.bat"
>
> in my win.ini
> So I went about it like this:
>
> win = open('C:\windows\win.ini', 'a')
> win.write('[BOOT]')
> win.write('\n')
> win.write('run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')
>
> I expected that to work, but instead of C:\windows\aawin.bat I get
> run=C:\windowsawin.bat. . .
> I assume /a is a code for  like /n is for a newline, is there a way to fix
> this?

win.write( '\\a' )


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 03:13:39 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:13:39 +0200
Subject: MySql
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.27.07.13.38.353104@gmx.net>

In <1153982385.121336.41500 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, miker2 wrote:

> import MySQLdb
> base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> db="test_py")
> cursor = base.cursor()
> cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")
> 
> this does not work but the interesting thing is, there is an
> AUTO_INCREMENT
> field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
>                                    auto  table
>                                     1    |    90
>                                     2    |    32
> 
> and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> add
> another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
> 
> python entries:
>                        auto    table
>                          1    |    90
>                          2    |    32
>                          6    |    47
> 
> please tell me what i am doing wrong. thanks.

Where's the problem?  Do you mind that the third entry has a 6 as unique
`auto` value?  Doesn't `AUTO_INCREMENT` just guarantee unique values?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 12:07:18 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 21:37:18 +0530
Subject: ElementTree : parse string input
In-Reply-To: <1152196688.518552.249600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152196688.518552.249600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607060907g3d466f35i5bd71b7b92a3f1ce@mail.gmail.com>

> On 6 Jul 2006 07:38:10 -0700, rajarshi.guha at gmail.com <rajarshi.guha at gmail.com> wrote:
> Any pointers to getting ElementTree to parse from a string would be
> appreciated (of course I could dump it to a temp file, but that doesn't
> seem elegent)

You can use the "fromstring" method.
Btw, did you looked at cElementTree module ? It claims to be much
'faster' and has very similar api as ElementTree Module.

link: http://effbot.org/zone/celementtree.htm

cheers,
amit.


-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Thu Jul 13 04:37:30 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (Andreas Rossberg)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:37:30 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>

Marshall wrote:
> 
> Okay, sure. But for the problem you describe, both imperativeness
> and the presence of pointers is each necessary but not sufficient;
> it is the two together that causes the problem. So it strikes
> me (again, a very minor point) as inaccurate to describe this as
> a problem with imperative languages per se.
> 
> [...]
> 
> Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
> operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
> for certain problems. Pointers on the other hand add nothing except
> efficiency and a lot of confusion. They should be considered an
> implementation technique only, hidden behind some pointerless
> computational model.

Don't get yourself distracted by the low-level notion of "pointer". The 
problem *really* is mutability and the associated notion of identity, 
which explicit pointers just exhibit on a very low level.

When you have a language with mutable types (e.g. mutable arrays) then 
objects of these types have identity, which is observable through 
assignment. This is regardless of whether identity is an explicit 
concept (like it becomes with pointers and comparison of pointer values, 
i.e. addresses).

Consequently, you cannot possibly get rid of aliasing issues without 
getting rid of (unrestricted) mutability. Mutability implies object 
identity implies aliasing problems.

On the other hand, pointers are totally a futile concept without 
mutability: if everything is immutable, it is useless to distinguish 
between an object and a pointer to it.

In other words, pointers are essentially just an *aspect* of mutability 
in lower-level languages. On a sufficiently high level of abstraction, 
it does not make much sense to differentiate between both concepts - 
pointers are just mutable objects holding other mutable objects 
(immutable pointer types exist, but are only interesting if you also 
have pointer arithmetics - which, however, is largely equivalent to 
arrays, i.e. not particularly relevant either).

- Andreas


From exarkun at divmod.com  Wed Jul 26 11:29:34 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:29:34 -0400
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060726152934.1717.1736796841.divmod.quotient.931@ohm>

On 26 Jul 2006 08:16:21 -0700, aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com wrote:
>
>Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
>> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:25:48 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>
>> > I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
>> > Python...
>>
>> E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly. Ruby is so
>> flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
>> Languages.
>
>This, of course, is really cool if you are working
>all by yourself on a dissertation or something,
>but can be completely disasterous if you are
>actually working with other people who need to
>know what the expressions of the programming
>language mean and do.  Back in the day every
>good Common Lisp programmer wrote in a
>dialect completely incomprehensible to any other
>Common Lisp programmer.  Kinda fun, but not
>"best practice."
>   -- Aaron Watters
>

I think this is exactly correct.  However, note that Python does not
necessarily really have this limitation.  _CPython_ may prevent you
from changing the behavior of builtins, but that doesn't mean all
Python implementations do (in fact, even CPython used to let you add,
remove, or change the implementation of methods on builtin types).

For example:

    exarkun at charm:~/Projects/pypy/trunk$ pypy/bin/py.py 
    PyPy 0.9.0 in StdObjSpace on top of Python 2.4.3 (startuptime: 1.83 secs)
    >>>> list.append = lambda self, value: 'hello, world'
    >>>> x = []
    >>>> x.append(10)
    'hello, world'
    >>>> x
    []
    >>>> 

As alternate implementations become more widely used, it will be important
to nail down exactly which behaviors are implementation details and which
are language features.  Right now the line is pretty fuzzy in many cases.

Jean-Paul


From girish at it.usyd.edu.au  Tue Jul 11 05:20:09 2006
From: girish at it.usyd.edu.au (girish at it.usyd.edu.au)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 19:20:09 +1000
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
Message-ID: <1152609609.44b36d491d05a@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>

Hi,
 I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length >=2.
Also,
each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
versa.
 Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
 Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'],
['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
'bd'],['bd','ac']]

 I've tried the following but i cant prevent duplicates and i'm missing
some substrings:

>>> colocn = 'abcd'
>>> k = 4
>>> for i in range(k-1):
            for j in range(1,k):
                rule1 = [colocn[i:i+j],colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:]]
                rule2 = [colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:],colocn[i:i+j]]
                rules.append(rule1)
                rules.append(rule2)
>>> rules
[['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['abc', 'd'],
['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'],
['bcd', 'a'], ['a', 'bcd'], ['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'], ['cd', 'ab'],
['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['ab', 'cd']]


Any ideas??

TIA,
girish



----------------------------------------------------------------
This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:59:10 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:59:10 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>
Message-ID: <1153742350.379921.327120@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


David Cook wrote:
> On 2006-07-24, Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:
>
> > Jython isn't up to par with current Python versions either.
>
> But the last release is up to the level of C-Python 2.2 or so.  I don't
> really feel like I'm missing that much with it.

You mean the alpha? They're rushing for a beta now that'll bring Jython
to 2.2, I hope it'll come out soon. But yeah, compared to IronPython
(2.4 compliant, halfway to 2.5 even), it's pretty behind. But things
are changing the development seems to be picking up speed again!

Cheers
Ray

> 
> Dave Cook



From maksim.kasimov at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 12:14:41 2006
From: maksim.kasimov at gmail.com (Maksim Kasimov)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:14:41 +0300
Subject: BaseHTTPRequestHandler: how to read/write until diconnected
Message-ID: <e95rsa$aa6$1@news.lucky.net>


Hi,

I'm trying to write an server-application, using BaseHTTPServer/BaseHTTPRequestHandler.

When application is running, some client-application can post data to the server, and BaseHTTPRequestHandler reads all headers and posted raw data from "rfile", sends back response, than client/server session, than session closed - that works just fine.

how to check whether some data posted again by the client in the session, and send response again in one session (and do such iterations util client stops to post data) ?




something like this:

class ServerChannel( BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler ):

	def do_POST(self):

		while needReadMessage:
			...
			msg_count += 1
			log.info( "message number %d arrived" % msg_count )
			raw_post_data = self.rfile.read( contentLength )
			...
			self.wfile.write( respContent )


many thanks for help.
	

-- 
Maksim Kasimov


From spamspam at spam.eggs  Sun Jul 16 17:43:49 2006
From: spamspam at spam.eggs (Ben C)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 21:43:49 GMT
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
References: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneblcod.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>

On 2006-07-16, Avi Kak <kak at purdue.edu> wrote:
> Folks,
>
> Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
> code to be embedded inside a regular expression?
>
> For example, in Perl the following two statements
>
> $regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
> mello\n"})/;
> "jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;
>
> will produce the output
>
>   saw hello
>   saw mello
>
> Is it possible to do the same in Python with any modules that come
> with the standard distribution, or with any other modules?

You can use sub and make the replacement pattern a function (or any
"callable" thing) and it gets called back with the match object:

    import re

    def f(mo):
        if "hello" in mo.groups():
            print "saw hello"
        if "mello" in mo.groups():
            print "saw mello"

    re.sub(r'(hello)(mello)', f, "jellohellomello")

Actually I didn't know you could do that in Perl. The time I've found
this useful in Python is substitutions to convert e.g.
"background-color" into "backgroundColor"; a function turns the c into
C. I always assumed in Perl you would need to use eval for this, but
perhaps there is another way.


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Fri Jul 14 13:36:30 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:36:30 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <44B7D61E.1090504@mvista.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-14, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
>   
>> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
>> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
>> user gets to select what modules to install?
>>
>> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
>>
>> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
>> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
>> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
>> Python on these systems?
>>     
>
> A few years back there was a "deeply embedded python" project,
> but it's been dead for quite a while:
>
>  http://www.tucs.fi/magazin/output.php?ID=2000.N2.LilDeEmPy
>  http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-announce-list/1999-August/000157.html
>
>   
This raises a good question.  Is there a need for python to change 
somewhat to work better in an embedded profile?  Are there many people 
in the community interested in using python for embedded projects?



-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU  Fri Jul 21 12:46:21 2006
From: Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU (Michael J. Fromberger)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 12:46:21 -0400
Subject: Semantics of propagated exceptions
References: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <Michael.J.Fromberger-F3B1A5.12462021072006@localhost>

In article 
<pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175 at ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>,
 Thomas Lotze <thomas at thomas-lotze.de> wrote:

> Suppose you have a function f which, as part of its protocol, raises some
> standard exception E under certain, well-defined circumstances. Suppose
> further that f calls other functions which may also raise E. How to best
> distinguish whether an exception E raised by f has the meaning defined by
> the protocol or just comes from details of the implementation?

My recommendation is to define your own exception type(s), and have f 
raise it (them) for errors that are truly generated by f.  Or, if you 
really want to use one of the existing exception types, then perhaps you 
can catch the exceptions from functions called by f, within f itself, 
and raise some other error (or suppress the errors, if appropriate).

Cheers,
-M

-- 
Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul  7 17:31:13 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:31:13 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152307873.144546.77740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

import re
re.findall('\".*\"|\S+', raw_input())

Jim wrote:
> Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> strings?
>
> I'm thinking of
>   'a b c "d e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d e']
> .  I'd also like
>   'a b c "d \" e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d " e']
> which omits any s.split('"')-based construct that I could come up with.
> 
> Thank you,
> JIm



From listserver at tdw.net  Fri Jul  7 08:28:10 2006
From: listserver at tdw.net (Tim Williams)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 13:28:10 +0100
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <R46366732.588.24265.1@mx-extra>
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R46366732.588.24265.1@mx-extra>
Message-ID: <9afea2ac0607070528w730b1838s8d995398a49c26d6@mail.gmail.com>

On 07/07/06, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
> I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
> My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
> CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
> lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.
>
> > You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
> > if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
> > performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
> >

Karrigell has an async server, in standalone mode it won't be as fast
as lighttpd but its simpler to use and code in than cherrypy.
However, it can also work behind lighttpd,  so you might get a good
mix of server speed and fast development time.

http://www.karrigell.com

HTH :)


From hanumizzle at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 22:33:07 2006
From: hanumizzle at gmail.com (hanumizzle at gmail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 19:33:07 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8485.1153765551.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<mailman.8473.1153761216.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<p08xg.2561$No6.50765@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8485.1153765551.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153794787.821867.84760@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bob Sinclar wrote:
> Web programming is all about stdin & stdout. Recommanded practice
> before going further.

It's actually a little more (at least as far as CGI is concerned)...it
bears some level of abstraction, namely, a decent CGI lib.



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 03:00:10 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 00:00:10 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi Alex,

Thanks for the input.

Being new to Python, and after having selected Python in comparison to
ruby (Turbogears vs Rails) , is jerks me a bit. In my openion it should
be an obvious and easy to implement feature and must be, if not already
have been, planned in future releases of Python.

Would love to listen to others.

Sanjay



From klaus at seistrup.dk  Sat Jul 22 09:15:24 2006
From: klaus at seistrup.dk (Klaus Alexander Seistrup)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 13:15:24 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Converting argv to variable
References: <1153573721.313812.150510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9t8dc$6jb$1@minji.szn.dk>

Tom skrev:

> newDirectory = str(sys.argv[1:])

Try

	newDir = '/'.join(sys.argv[1:])
or
	newDir = sys.argv[1]
or
	for newDir in sys.argv[1:]:
	    :

or something along those lines, depending on how you wish to 
interpret the commandline.

Cheers, 

-- 
Klaus Alexander Seistrup
Copenhagen, Denmark
http://surdej.dk/


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 13:07:10 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 10:07:10 -0700
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <1151893404.093621.126850@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44A792D9.8080307@alephzarro.com>
	<mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151893404.093621.126850@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151946430.011107.134460@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

uche.ogbuji at gmail.com wrote:
> bruce wrote:
> > is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
> > there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
> > references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
> > to do it...
> >
> > i have a situation where i have something like:
> >  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
> >
> > is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
> > attribute with fo....
> >
> > i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...
>
> 4Suite [1] supports regex in XPath using the EXSLT community standard's
> regex module [2].  It would be something like:
>
> [re:match(@class, 'fo.*']
>
> With the re prefix set as required by the EXSLT module.
>
> [1] http://4Suite.org
> [2] http://www.exslt.org/regexp/
>
> --
> Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
> http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
> http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
> Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/

Well shut my mouth!  There *is* an xml/xpath python Guru here.

*sigh*  Sorry Bruce, (and everybody else on this newsgroup) I apologize
for mouthing off and not contributing to a greater signal-to-noise
ratio.

I guess that should teach me not to post so quickly when I'm in a bad
mood.  I'll do better in the future.


Peace,
~Simon



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul 13 04:34:52 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:34:52 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>

In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
wrote:

> Maric Michaud wrote:
>> But that's not python philosophy.
> Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.

But the python community has one.  Pythonistas prefer readable source code
so they tend to think about good names.  As The Zen of Python says
?Readability counts.?

>> But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>> method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
> does that solve my naming issues.

Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
references "nearby" in the same module or class.

>> And in python the reverse can be true :
> The reverse is hardly ever true. 90% of public APIs in almost all
> languages are methods or functions.

Except the ones with properties where ordinary "attributes" may be just
calls in disguise.

Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
the access might become a bit more complex in the future.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From L.Plant.98 at cantab.net  Wed Jul  5 08:19:35 2006
From: L.Plant.98 at cantab.net (Luke Plant)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 05:19:35 -0700
Subject: Detupleize a tuple for argument list
References: <9ok66sntuw.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
Message-ID: <1152101975.519913.156430@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Marco Wahl wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I want to give a tuple to a function where the function
> expects the respective tuple-size number of arguments.
...
> One way to do what I want is--of course--to call
> foo(t[0], t[1]).  My actual question is if there is a
> smarter way to do it.

Yes, just this:

  foo(*t)

Luke



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 04:01:35 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:01:35 +0100
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <17597.16064.734340.127178@montanaro.dyndns.org>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<17597.16064.734340.127178@montanaro.dyndns.org>
Message-ID: <44BDE6DF.2030806@holdenweb.com>

skip at pobox.com wrote:
>     T> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> 
>     T> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>     T>   print line
> 
> No.  The magic of reference counting.
> 
Though of course we have to remember that not all Python implementations 
*use* reference counting. It's certainly true, though, that most Python 
programmers are happy to rely on whatever garbage collector *is* 
implemented to detect the absence of references to the file and close it 
automatically. Or have the operating system do so if the interpreter 
somehow terminates without closing the file.

I suspect the real answer is "it isn't strictly necessary in modern 
environments, but it can never hurt".

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 00:21:02 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 21:21:02 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153309262.622907.43860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153309262.622907.43860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153369262.434479.74980@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Sanjay ha scritto:

> Thanks for the code showing how to implement partial classes. Infact, I
> was searching for this code pattern. I will have a study on metaclass
> and then try it.
>
> Thanks
> Sanjay

Anyway, I would suggest you NOT to use this code in production. Yes,
Python
can imitate Ruby, but using this kind of classes would confuse
everybody and
make your code extremely unpythonic. As always, consider changing your
mindset,
when you switch language. For you problem, you could just put your
client
methods in a file, and add them to your original class with setattr, if
you don't
want to use inheritance. It would be still better that magically
transform your
classes with a metaclass.

                    Michele Simionato



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:16:56 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:16:56 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <m3zmez45mq.fsf@calvin.watterson>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<m3zmez45mq.fsf@calvin.watterson>
Message-ID: <1153739816.196948.207410@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Tim Heaney wrote:
> "Ray" <ray_usenet at yahoo.com> writes:
> >
> > Can you help me with my argument?
>
> Well, there is this study suggesting Django outperforms Ruby on Rails
>
>   http://wiki.rubyonrails.com/rails/pages/Framework+Performance
>
> > Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try as well.
>
> Good idea. I think Ruby on Rails is terrific. Perhaps you'll think so
> too. If not, at least you'll have a better idea of why you don't.

Thanks Tim!! 

Cheers
Ray

> 
> Tim



From nick at craig-wood.com  Sun Jul  9 01:32:17 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 00:32:17 -0500
Subject: Tkinter problem
References: <kLArg.314$ZD.109@trndny02>
	<1152322610.536356.103240@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneb0bnq.njo.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Simon Forman <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com> wrote:
>  Just an idea, but if you're sure that
>  /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so exists, check it's
>  permissions and the permissions of /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/

Also run ldd on it - you could be missing a library

eg

$ ldd /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so
        linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xffffe000)
        libBLT.2.4.so.8.4 => /usr/lib/libBLT.2.4.so.8.4 (0xb7e80000)
        libtk8.4.so.0 => /usr/lib/libtk8.4.so.0 (0xb7dab000)
        libtcl8.4.so.0 => /usr/lib/libtcl8.4.so.0 (0xb7cfc000)
        libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0xb7c31000)
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libpthread.so.0 (0xb7c1e000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libc.so.6 (0xb7ae6000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libm.so.6 (0xb7ac0000)
        libnsl.so.1 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libnsl.so.1 (0xb7aa9000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib/tls/i686/cmov/libdl.so.2 (0xb7aa5000)
        /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x80000000)

If there are any missing things then you need to re-install those
packages.

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 20:07:25 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 17:07:25 -0700
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <W-OdnSnCNrzCaTPZnZ2dnUVZ_t-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<W-OdnSnCNrzCaTPZnZ2dnUVZ_t-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152317245.818697.76710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> Functions are descriptors[1], and their __get__ method is used to bind
> them to a particular instance::

Thank you muchly.



From jo at durchholz.org  Tue Jul  4 03:22:01 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:22:01 +0200
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151276031.641318@elch.in-berlin.de>
	<4gd3iiF1md4lcU1@individual.net> <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
	<1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <e8d4u9$sdf$1@online.de>

Oliver Bandel schrieb:
> Matthias Blume wrote:
> 
>> Tin Gherdanarra <tinman31337 at gmail.com> writes:
>>
>>
>>> Oliver Bandel wrote:
>>>
>>>> ????? Xah-Lee san ;-)
>>>
>>> Uhm, I'd guess that Xah is Chinese. Be careful
>>> with such things in real life; Koreans might
>>> beat you up for this. Stay alive!
>>
>>
>> And the Japanese might beat him up, too.  For butchering their
>> language. :-)
> 
> OK, back to ISO-8859-1 :)  no one needs so much symbols,
> this is enough: ??????? :)

If you want ???????, anybody else will want their local characters, too, 
and nothing below full Unicode will work.

Just for laughs, here's a list of non-ASCII Latin-based letters in 
Unicode (not verified for completeness):
   ????????????????????????
   ??????????
   ????
   ??????????????????
   ????????
   ????
   ????????????????????
   ??
   ???
   ?????????
   ??
   ???????????
   ?????????????????????
   ??????
   ?????????
   ??????
   ???????????????????
   ??
   ??????
   ??
   ??????
   ??
ISO 8859-1 covers just a fraction of these, so Unicode would indeed be 
necessary to allow a program written in one country to compile in 
another one.

Regards,
Jo


From satyakiranl at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 23:26:51 2006
From: satyakiranl at gmail.com (Satya Kiran)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 08:56:51 +0530
Subject: Configuring IDLE on Linux
Message-ID: <6f4842a0607132026jbec76b6hf804fe1deda6c649@mail.gmail.com>

Hello,
I have upgraded to Python2.4 on my Red Hat 9.0 Linux box.
I want to work with IDLE and ran a search to check it's presence.
 Here is what I get.

[root at localhost bin]# find / -iname idlelib
/usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib

[root at localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
[root at localhost idlelib]# python PyShell.py
** IDLE can't import Tkinter.  Your Python may not be configured for Tk. **

How do I resolve this and get IDLE working?

thanks in advance,
Kiran Satya


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 11:26:59 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 08:26:59 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <1151741360.158460.92480@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <013a01c69d22$ce4e88a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi paddy...

that's exactly what i'm trying to accomplish... i've used tidy, but it seems
to still generate warnings...

 initFile -> tidy ->cleanFile -> perl app (using xpath/livxml)

the xpath/linxml functions in the perl app complain regarding the file. my
thought is that tidy isn't cleaning enough, or that the perl xpath/libxml
functions are too strict!

which is why i decided to see if anyone on the python side has
experienced/solved this problem..

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Paddy
Sent: Saturday, July 01, 2006 1:09 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: beautifulsoup .vs tidy



bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> never used perl, but i have an issue trying to resolve some html that
> appears to be "dirty/malformed" regarding the overall structure. in
> researching validators, i came across the beautifulsoup app and wanted to
> know if anybody could give me pros/cons of the app as it relates to any of
> the other validation apps...
>
I'm not too sure of what you are after. You mention tidy in the subject
which made me think that maybe you were trying to generate well-formed
HTML from malformed webppages that nonetheless browsers can interpret.
If that is the case then try HTML tidy:
  http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/

- Pad.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 15:42:07 2006
From: alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com (alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:42:07 -0700
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
In-Reply-To: <12ca5ln1qq82k36@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12ca5ln1qq82k36@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153770127.379472.43140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Grant,

> Can you verify that the device is actually responding by
> watching the data line with an oscilloscope?

I don't have an oscilloscope but the device does respond (LED blinks)
when I send it a test command (44H).

> I take it that means that other programs are able to read from
> the device?

Yes, the device comes with a little GUI program to read the logged
temperatures, calibrate, etc... Works fine, but I would like to read
distributed loggers over the network with python and sockets.

> Logs of the serial traffic would be helpful.

Here they are. First a log of the traffic generated by the T-logger GUI
program, abtained with Portmon.

### TRAFFIC WHEN THE PROGRAM IS LAUNCHED:

0  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_CREATE  Serial0  Options: Open
0  0.00006174  SUCCESS
1  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
1  0.00000726  SUCCESS
2  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_PURGE  Serial0  Purge: TXABORT
RXABORT TXCLEAR RXCLEAR
2  0.00000698  SUCCESS
3  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TIMEOUTS  Serial0  RI:-1
RM:0 RC:0 WM:0 WC:5000
3  0.00000168  SUCCESS
4  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_BAUD_RATE  Serial0
4  0.00000279  SUCCESS
5  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_LINE_CONTROL  Serial0
5  0.00000196  SUCCESS
6  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_CHARS  Serial0
6  0.00000223  SUCCESS
7  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_HANDFLOW  Serial0
7  0.00000196  SUCCESS
8  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_BAUD_RATE  Serial0
8  0.00000196  SUCCESS
9  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_LINE_CONTROL  Serial0
9  0.00000168  SUCCESS
10  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_CHARS  Serial0
10  0.00000168  SUCCESS
11  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_HANDFLOW  Serial0
11  0.00000168  SUCCESS
12  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_BAUD_RATE  Serial0  Rate:
9600
12  0.00001285  SUCCESS
13  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_CLR_RTS  Serial0
13  0.00000782  SUCCESS
14  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_DTR  Serial0
14  0.00000810  SUCCESS
15  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_LINE_CONTROL  Serial0
StopBits: ERROR Parity: NONE WordLength: 8
15  0.00000698  SUCCESS
16  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_CHAR  Serial0  EOF:1a
ERR:0 BRK:0 EVT:0 XON:11 XOFF:13
16  0.00000531  SUCCESS
17  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_HANDFLOW  Serial0
Shake:1 Replace:0 XonLimit:8 XoffLimit:8
17  0.00000754  SUCCESS
18  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
18  0.00001145  SUCCESS
19  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
19  0.00000531  SUCCESS
20  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0

### TRAFFIC WHEN THE PROGRAM READS CURRENT TEMP FROM DEVICE:

21  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
21  0.00001034  SUCCESS
22  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_WRITE  Serial0  Length 1: 33
22  0.00003269  SUCCESS
20  9.28649032  SUCCESS
23  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
23  0.00000587  SUCCESS
24  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
24  0.00000559  SUCCESS
25  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_PROPERTIES  Serial0
25  0.00000168  SUCCESS
26  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_WRITE  Serial0  Length 1: 00
27  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
27  0.00000726  SUCCESS
28  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
26  0.00107611  SUCCESS
28  0.00097666  SUCCESS
29  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
29  0.00000587  SUCCESS
30  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
30  0.00000503  SUCCESS
31  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_PROPERTIES  Serial0
31  0.00000196  SUCCESS
32  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_WRITE  Serial0  Length 1: 00
33  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
33  0.00000531  SUCCESS
34  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
32  0.00102583  SUCCESS
34  0.00098811  SUCCESS
35  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
35  0.00000559  SUCCESS
36  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
36  0.00000726  SUCCESS
37  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
37  0.00000559  SUCCESS
38  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
38  0.00001173  SUCCESS
39  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
39  0.00934281  SUCCESS
40  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
40  0.00000922  SUCCESS
41  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
41  0.00001034  SUCCESS
42  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
42  0.00000531  SUCCESS
43  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
43  0.00905059  SUCCESS
44  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
44  0.00000782  SUCCESS
45  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
45  0.00000978  SUCCESS
46  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
46  0.00000531  SUCCESS
47  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
47  0.00906735  SUCCESS
48  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
48  0.00000838  SUCCESS
49  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
49  0.00001006  SUCCESS
50  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
50  0.00000531  SUCCESS
51  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
51  0.00907238  SUCCESS
52  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
52  0.00000978  SUCCESS
53  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
53  0.00000950  SUCCESS
54  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
54  0.00000531  SUCCESS
55  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
55  0.00676706  SUCCESS
56  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
56  0.00001006  SUCCESS
57  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
57  0.00001006  SUCCESS
58  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK  Serial0  Mask:
RXCHAR TXEMPTY CTS DSR RLSD BRK ERR RING
58  0.00000531  SUCCESS
59  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_WAIT_ON_MASK  Serial0
60  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
60  0.00000978  SUCCESS
61  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_READ  Serial0  Length 1
61  0.00000978  SUCCESS  Length 1: 26
62  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
62  0.00000587  SUCCESS
63  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_READ  Serial0  Length 1
63  0.00000615  SUCCESS  Length 1: 35
64  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
64  0.00000531  SUCCESS
65  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_READ  Serial0  Length 1
65  0.00000559  SUCCESS  Length 1: 14
66  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS  Serial0
66  0.00000503  SUCCESS
67  0.00000000  TLogger.exe  IRP_MJ_READ  Serial0  Length 1
67  0.00000587  SUCCESS  Length 1: 02

I'm cutting here but 32 bytes of data are acquired.

And here is the traffic when I'm using pyserial:

>> s = serial.Serial(0, baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=None)

0	0.00006230	python.exe	IRP_MJ_CREATE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Options: Open
1	0.00000363	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_QUEUE_SIZE	Serial0	SUCCESS	InSize:
4096 OutSize: 4096
2	0.00000223	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_TIMEOUTS	Serial0	SUCCESS
3	0.00000251	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_TIMEOUTS	Serial0	SUCCESS	RI:0
RM:0 RC:0 WM:0 WC:0
4	0.00000698	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_WAIT_MASK	Serial0	SUCCESS	Mask:
ERR
5	0.00000223	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_BAUD_RATE	Serial0	SUCCESS
6	0.00000196	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_LINE_CONTROL	Serial0	SUCCESS
7	0.00000196	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_CHARS	Serial0	SUCCESS
8	0.00000168	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_HANDFLOW	Serial0	SUCCESS
9	0.00000196	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_BAUD_RATE	Serial0	SUCCESS
10	0.00000196	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_LINE_CONTROL	Serial0	SUCCESS
11	0.00000196	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_CHARS	Serial0	SUCCESS
12	0.00000168	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_HANDFLOW	Serial0	SUCCESS
13	0.00001285	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_BAUD_RATE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Rate:
9600
14	0.00000810	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_RTS	Serial0	SUCCESS
15	0.00000810	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_DTR	Serial0	SUCCESS
16	0.00000698	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_LINE_CONTROL	Serial0	SUCCESS	StopBits:
1 Parity: NONE WordLength: 8
17	0.00000559	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_CHAR	Serial0	SUCCESS	EOF:1a
ERR:0 BRK:0 EVT:0 XON:11 XOFF:13
18	0.00001062	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_SET_HANDFLOW	Serial0	SUCCESS	Shake:1
Replace:40 XonLimit:2048 XoffLimit:512
19	0.00000698	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_PURGE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Purge:
TXABORT RXABORT TXCLEAR RXCLEAR

>> s.write("\x33")
20	0.00003716	python.exe	IRP_MJ_WRITE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Length 1: 33

>> s.write("\x00")
21	0.00003632	python.exe	IRP_MJ_WRITE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Length 1: 00

>> s.write("\x00")
22	0.00003632	python.exe	IRP_MJ_WRITE	Serial0	SUCCESS	Length 1: 00

>> s.read()   # "\x00" is returned here. This byte was already in the receive buffer before issueing the write commands.
23	0.00001145	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS	Serial0	SUCCESS
24	0.00000978	python.exe	IRP_MJ_READ	Serial0	SUCCESS	Length 1: 00

>> s.read()   # I've had to kill interpreter here (nothing to read and I had timeout=None)
25	0.00001062	python.exe	IOCTL_SERIAL_GET_COMMSTATUS	Serial0	SUCCESS
26	32.01253595	python.exe	IRP_MJ_READ	Serial0	CANCELLED	Length 1

alex



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 04:21:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:21:57 +0200
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b35fa7$0$13543$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Bayazee wrote:
> hi
> i want a free hosting for python .

Then setting up your own hosting might be a good solution - if you can
have a decent internet connection.

> www.python.ir --> Persian Python Community !

I'm afraid I won't be able to contribute !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:19:34 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:19:34 -0700
Subject: error occurs when using wmi module in child thread
In-Reply-To: <1152622354.057564.105300@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152622354.057564.105300@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152623974.210055.283100@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Chen Houwu wrote:
> ------------------sample code begin-------------------------
>
> import threading
>
> import wmi
>
> def run(*args):
> 	c = wmi.WMI ()
> 	memory=c.Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration()[0]
> 	info='Total Virtual Memory: '\
> 		+str(int(memory.TotalVirtualMemory)/1024)\
> 		+'MB'
> 	print info
>
> print  "Begin run() in main thread"
> run()
>
> print "Begin run() in child thread"
> thread=threading.Thread(target=run)
> thread.start()

I had the same problem and wmi module author (Tim Golden) gave me the
solution which;


import pythoncom

# call this function after the run function definition
pythoncom.CoInitialize()


So your function becomes;

 def run(*args):
        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
 	c = wmi.WMI ()
 	memory=c.Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration()[0]
 	info='Total Virtual Memory: '\
 		+str(int(memory.TotalVirtualMemory)/1024)\
 		+'MB'
 	print info



-- Cheers



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 16:41:17 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 15:41:17 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
Message-ID: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>

Hi,

I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:

I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.

l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
l2 = func (l1)
# l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687


Regards,

Philippe



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 10:01:43 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:01:43 +0200
Subject: bay area based - python guru..
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8118.1152797735.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8118.1152797735.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b65249$0$6680$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

bruce wrote:
> is there a bay area based guru, or someone who's into mentoring that i'we
> can talk to... specifically someone who's experienced using
> mechanize/browser/urllib/urllib2/cookies/etc...
> 
> we're running into small situations that are taking an inordinate amount of
> time to resolve, so we thought we'd toss this here and see if anyone has
> thoughts/comments.

What about reading the answers you got when you asked the same question eleven
days ago?

Maybe the right thing to ask back is: how much do you pay?

Stefan


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sun Jul 23 13:53:33 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 10:53:33 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Josiah Manson a ?crit :
> > I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
> > a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
> > after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
> > that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
> > doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
> > variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
> > nested function doesn't work either.
> >
> > But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
> > of this helper function.
> >
> > I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
> > encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
> > offending code is below. Thanks.
> >
> > def breakLine(s):
> > 	"""Break a string into a list of words and symbols.
> > 	"""
> > 	def addTok():
> > 		if len(tok) > 0:
>
>                  if tok:
>
> An empty sequence evals to False in a boolean context.
>
> > 			ls.append(tok)
> > 			tok = ''
> >

I can't figure out why Josiah's breakLine function won't work either. I
know Josiah has had his problem resolved, but I'd still like to know
why his func won't work. I'd like to redirect this discussion in that
direction, if I may.

>
> First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists
> in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.

Coming from lisp, that doesn't make very much sense, and I'm not sure
that's true. If you move the def for addTok bellow the lines that
initialize the locals of breakLines, you still get the same problem.

>
> Second point: a nested function cannot rebind names from the enclosing
> namespace. Note that in Python, rebinding a name and modifying the
> object bound to a name are very distinct operations.

I'm not sure that's the problem, because when I ran the debugger, the
problem is with the line that says if len(tok), not the one bellow it
which says tok = "". Regardless, my above issue seems to be overriding
this one.

>
> Third point : functions modifying their environment this way are usually
> considered bad form.

Again, this is coming from lisp, but I don't see anything wrong with
that :P.

***

After some experimentation, I am completely baffeled as to why
breakLine won't work. Here is an example of one of the things I did,
which I believe exactly mimics what breakLine does:

>>> def outer():
... 	def inner():
... 		if outerLocal:
... 			return "I hear you, 'hello world'."
... 		else:
... 			return "Come again?"
... 	outerLocal = "hello world"
... 	return inner()
...
>>> outer()
"I hear you, 'hello world'."

As I said, I believe the line which sets tok should break (quietly),
but not the line which tests tok. My experiment seems to confirm
this...

One thing I can understand is why the line tok = "" in addTok won't
work. This is because when Python sees that line, it should create a
new local variable in the scope of addTok. Once addTok returns, that
variable is lost. That's pretty deep, now that I've thought about it...

>
> Here's a possible solution - but note that there are probably much
> better ways to get the same result...
>
> def breakline(line):
>    """Break a string into a list of words and symbols."""
>    class TokenList(list):
>      def append(self, token):
>        if token:
>          list.append(self, token)
>        return ''
>
>    tokens = TokenList()
>    token = ''
>    splitters = '?()&|:~,'
>    whitespace = ' \t\n\r'
>    specials = splitters + whitespace
>
>    for char in line:
>      if char in specials:
> 	token = tokens.append(token)
>          if char in splitters:
>            tokens.append(char)
>      else:
>        token += char
> 
>    tokens.append(token)
>    return list(tokens)
> 
> (snip)



From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 11:37:28 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:37:28 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
In-Reply-To: <1151920374.392763.158530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net><e8ag7j$ifq$00$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1151920374.392763.158530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a9348f$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> Peter Otten wrote:
> 
>>Kirk McDonald wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Let's say I have a function that takes a callback function as a
>>>parameter, and uses it to describe an iteration:
>>>
>>>def func(callback):
>>>     for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
>>>         callback(i)
>>>
> 
> 
> Which object is immutable? the callback or the function?  If its the
> callback then
> 
> def func(callback):
>    for i in numbers:
>       yield callback(i)
> 
> If the function is immutable, then its a bit harder.  The callback has
> to be able to do the processing.  You can't use an iterator here
> because call stack gets in the way.  You could store the information
> being passed to the callback in a list, then iterate over the list
> afterwards.  Or you could have the callback be able to handle all of
> the work at once.
> 
> What do you intend to use this for?  Python has a lot of options and
> you may not be using the best one for the problem
> 

It is the function that is immutable.

I am writing a library for the D programming language that is not 
totally unlike Boost.Python:

http://dsource.org/projects/pyd/wiki

It is still in the fairly early stages, although the basic function and 
class wrapping do work.

This particular functionality is required to wrap D's basic iteration 
protocol, the opApply function:

http://www.digitalmars.com/d/statement.html#foreach

opApply works using a callback, as described. Because D does not (yet) 
have anything like Python's "yield", wrapping it with Python's iteration 
interface is turning out to be dreadfully annoying.

-Kirk McDonald


From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 16:43:30 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 13:43:30 -0700
Subject: wxPython Grid Cell change question
Message-ID: <1152823410.176512.229710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

 Hello All,
I created a grid, where I register events every time the user changes
an existing value inside the grid control. Right now, I am using the
event: EVT_GRID_CELL_CHANGE. However, I realized that I need to
register that same kind of event even if the user doesnt change the
value, but just selects and then deselects.

I tried creating my own custom event, where i check to see if the
editor is activated and then deactivated, and if so, then set the sell
value. However, this doesnt work because the value that it needs to be
set to is the same previous value that was in the grid. Therefore, I
can never get a new value in the grid. Here is the code for the events:

in init():
      self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GRID_EDITOR_SHOWN, self.EditorShown)
      self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GRID_EDITOR_HIDDEN, self.EditorHidden)


def EditorShown(self, event):
     self.editorShown = True
     event.Skip()

def EditorHidden(self, event):
     self.editorHidden = True
     row = event.GetRow()
     col = event.GetCol()
     print "VAL = " + str(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col))
+str(self.OnTestCellValue(row, col))
     event.Skip()

def OnTestCellValue(self, row, col):
     if self.editorShown and self.editorHidden:
     self.editorShown = False
     self.editorHidden = False
     self.SetCellValue(row, col)

def SetCellValue(self, row, col):
     print "EVENT PROCESSIGN STARTED"
     print "RAW VAL = " + str(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col))
     value = int(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col), 16)
     print "VAL = " + str(value)
     # if we need to add a row
     if row == (len(self.data)-1):
         self.expandGrid()
         self.data.append([])
     # if we need to delete a row
     if row != 0 and value == '':
         self.data[row][3] = 'Delete'
     else:
         self.addToData(row, col, value, True)
     # whether the user intended a read or write
     if self.data[row][3] != 'Delete':
         if col == 1:
             self.data[row][3] = 'Read'
         elif col == 2:
             self.data[row][3] = 'Write'

     q = copy.deepcopy(self.data) # cloning object
     self.requestQueue.put(q) # putting object onto queue
     print "EVENT PROCESSIGN ENDED"

Thanks a lot for your help, and please mind the spacing.

I should note that before, my bind was:
self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GTID_CELL_CHANGE, self.SetCellValue)


thanks,
Kiran



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 15:56:39 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 21:56:39 +0200
Subject: hash of hashes
References: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.11.19.56.38.351958@gmx.net>

In <1152646733.156556.190950 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, sfo wrote:

> how do i create a hash of hash similar to perl using dict in python
> $x{$y}{z}=$z

Just put dictionaries as values into a dictionary.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul  7 00:25:09 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 00:25:09 -0400
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or
	assistancesought
References: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <e8knn6$ep8$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Ray Tomes" <ray at tomes.remove.biz> wrote in message 
news:e8kk4u$8b6$1 at lust.ihug.co.nz...
> My package will have the following capabilities:
> 1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
> 2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
> 3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
> dozens of functions.
> 4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
> 5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
> 6. Built in functions to include:
> FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
> multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
> I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.

As Tim said, work with numpy/scipy.  I believe it include programs or 
modules to wrap Fortran and make Fortran function accessible from Python. 
I believe these are the same as what they used for some of the functions 
included.

If you find some broadly useful functions missing, consider making a 
contribution.  I know FFT is already included but I do not know about MESA.

Terry Jan Reedy





From john106henry at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 15:15:54 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:15:54 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
Message-ID: <1153941354.073183.153210@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Chance Ginger wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:54:48 -0700, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>
> > Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
> > wonder, why use threads vs processes.  So, If I have a system that has a
> > large area of shared memory, which would be better?  I've been leaning
> > towards threads, I'm going to say why.
> >
> > Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
> > copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.  There's also
> > a more expensive context switch between processes.  So if I have a
> > system that would fork 50+ child processes my memory usage would be huge
> > and I burn more cycles that I don't have to.  I understand that there
> > are ways of IPC, but aren't these also more expensive?
> >
> > So threads seems faster and more efficient for this scenario.  That
> > alone makes me want to stay with threads, but I get the feeling from
> > people on this list that processes are better and that threads are over
> > used.  I don't understand why, so can anyone shed any light on this?
> >
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > -carl
>
> Not quite that simple. In most modern OS's today there is something
> called COW - copy on write. What happens is when you fork a process
> it will make an identical copy. Whenever the forked process does
> write will it make a copy of the memory. So it isn't quite as bad.
>
> Secondly, with context switching if the OS is smart it might not
> flush the entire TLB. Since most applications are pretty "local" as
> far as execution goes, it might very well be the case the page (or
> pages) are already in memory.
>
> As far as Python goes what you need to determine is how much
> real parallelism you want. Since there is a global lock in Python
> you will only execute a few (as in tens) instructions before
> switching to the new thread. In the case of true process you
> have two independent Python virtual machines. That may make things
> go much faster.
>
> Another issue is the libraries you use. A lot of them aren't
> thread safe. So you need to watch out.
>
> Chance

It's all about performance (and sometimes the "perception" of
performance).  Eventhough the thread support (and performance) in
Python is fairly weak (as explained by Chance), it's nonetheless very
useful.  My applications threads a lot and it proves to be invaluable -
particularly with GUI type applications.  I am the type of user that
gets annoyed very quickly and easily if the program doesn't respond to
me when I click something.  So, as a rule of thumb, if the code has to
do much of anything that takes say a tenth of a second or more, I
thread.

I posted a simple demo program yesterday to the Pythoncard list to show
why somebody would want to thread an app.  You can properly see it from
archive.



From jaywgraves at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 17:27:05 2006
From: jaywgraves at gmail.com (jay graves)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 14:27:05 -0700
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <1153344425.925324.108510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Matthew Wilson wrote:
> I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
> update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:
<snippage>
> All comments are welcome.  Is there a better way of implementing the
> above class, OR, is this approach generally wrong-headed?  Am I the only
> one that makes this mistake?

It's never been much a problem for me but you could look into __slots__

http://docs.python.org/ref/slots.html

...
jay



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 27 07:50:12 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:50:12 +0100
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <44C7E846.3070306@mvista.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>	<7x3bcogl9i.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44C7E846.3070306@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <eaa99e$5o6$1@sea.gmane.org>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Paul Rubin wrote:
> 
>>"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
>>  
>>
>>>Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
>>>copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.
>>>    
>>
>>No, you get two processes whose address spaces get the data.  It's
>>done with the virtual memory hardware.  The data isn't copied.  The
>>page tables of both processes are just set up to point to the same
>>physical pages.  Copying only happens if a process writes to one of
>>the pages.  The OS detects this using a hardware trap from the VM
>>system.
>>  
> 
> Ah, alright.  So if that's the case, why would you use python threads 
> versus spawning processes?  If they both point to the same address space 
> and python threads can't run concurrently due to the GIL what are they 
> good for?
> 

Well, of course they can interleave essentially independent 
computations, which is why threads (formerly "lightweight processes") 
were traditionally defined.

Further, some thread-safe extension (compiled) libraries will release 
the GIL during their work, allowing other threads to execute 
simultaneously - and even in parallel on multi-processor hardware.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From dieter at handshake.de  Sun Jul 23 16:50:41 2006
From: dieter at handshake.de (Dieter Maurer)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 22:50:41 +0200
Subject: Detecting socket connection failure
References: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<x7r70m7ov7.fsf@handshake.de>
	<1153323240.831751.163920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <x7ejwc2ggu.fsf@handshake.de>

schwehr at gmail.com writes on 19 Jul 2006 08:34:00 -0700:
> ...
> Were you also using mac osx?

No, I have observed the problem under Linux.


> Dieter Maurer wrote:
> ....
> > I have seen something similar recently:
> >
> >   I can write ("send" to be precise) to a socket closed by
> >   the foreign partner without error
> >   (but of course, the written data does not arrive at the remote side).
> >   Only the second "send" raises an exception.
> > 
> >   I expect this is a TCP bug.


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 12:49:43 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:49:43 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154361998.861851.157210@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1zqzg.2449$W93.969@dukeread05>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:

> 
> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.
> 
> To turn BCD x to binary integer y,
> 
>   set y to zero
>   for each nibble n of x:
>     y = (((y shifted left 2) + y) shifted left 1) + n
> 
> Do you need instruction on extracting nibbles, and shifting and
> adding integers?
> 
> A problem this small and simple does not call for a prototype.
> 
> 
> --
> --Bryan
'cause you're smart



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 07:08:51 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 04:08:51 -0700
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute,
	seconds string to integer
In-Reply-To: <1153996492.510859.292450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153996492.510859.292450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153998531.512258.316620@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


google0 at lazytwinacres.net wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > google0 at lazytwinacres.net wrote:
> > > I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
> > > searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
> > > reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
> > > open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
> > > "hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
> > > converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
> > > something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
> > > perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
> > > Thanks,
> > >     --dang
> >
> > Have you considered time.strptime()?
> >
> > BTW, your function, given "00:00:00" will return 0 -- you may well have
> > trouble distinguishing that from False (note that False == 0), without
> > resorting to ugliness like:
> >
> >     if result is False ...
> >
> > Instead of returning False for some errors and letting int() raise an
> > exception for others, I would suggest raising ValueError yourself for
> > *all* invalid input.
> >
> > You may wish to put more restrictions on the separators ... I would be
> > suspicious of cases where dms[2] != dms[5]. What plausible separators
> > are there besides ":"? Why allow alphabetics? If there's a use case for
> > "23h59m59s", that would have to be handled separately. Note that
> > "06-12-31" could be a date, "12,34,56" could be CSV data.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > John
>
> Good point about 0/False.  I don't think it would have bitten me in my
> current program, given my expected (and filtered) inputs, but I might
> have reused it in the future, and been bitten later.

The bigger pain would have been two types of error handling
(try/except) *AND* if result is False
>
> I had looked at the time module, but apparently not long enough.
> This does the trick:
>
> def dms2int(dms):
>     int(time.mktime(time.strptime("2000-01-01 %s" % dms, "%Y-%m-%d
> %H:%M:%S")))
>
> I only need the minutes, but can work with seconds.  The only downside
> is that I'm hardcoding an arbitrary date, but I can deal with that.
>

That's a bit too elaborate. Python gives you the hard-coded date for
free -- then (you ingrate!) you ignore it, like this:

|>> import time
|>> dms = "23:48:59"
|>> t = time.strptime(dms, "%H:%M:%S")
|>> t
(1900, 1, 1, 23, 48, 59, 0, 1, -1)
|>> seconds = (t[3] * 60 + t[4]) * 60.0 + t[5]
|>> seconds
85739.0 # assuming you do want it as a float, not an int

Cheers,
John



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Sun Jul 16 14:50:48 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 20:50:48 +0200
Subject: insert method in ElementTree
In-Reply-To: <1153073550.140238.70060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153073550.140238.70060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ba8a89$0$10514$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

mirandacascade at yahoo.com wrote:
> Where I'm struggling is figuring out what the index argument should
> be in the insert method.  Using the example above
> 
> # assume rootElement is the root of the input XML
> xList = rootElement.getiterator()
> idx = 0
> for x in xList:
> 	# mix of pseudo-code and Python code
> 	if (this element has createAnotherWhenCondition attribute)
>                     and
>          (y is true):
> 		jcopy = copy.copy(x)
> 		??.insert(??, jcopy)
> 	idx = idx + 1

ElementTree does not have parent pointers. You have to look one element level
ahead to add the child. You can use a parent stack for this, although
getiterator() is not very helpful in that case as it does not tell you when it
backtracks.

If you want to use lxml instead, you can either
* access the parent directly (element.getparent()) and add the child there
or
* use the iterwalk() function to add the child when backtracking up the tree or
* implement the whole thing in XSLT (with a custom evaluator function in Python).

There may also be other ways to do it. Just give it a try:
http://codespeak.net/lxml/
http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/lxml/1.1alpha

Stefan


From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 10:51:15 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 07:51:15 -0700
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
Message-ID: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
to an instance of another class:



# Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
foo = Parse_Option()

# Class that does the real work
bar = Processor()

bar.index = foo.options.index
bar.output  = foo.options.output
bar.run()



This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
class to another.  Isn't there a better way???



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 15:30:32 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:30:32 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <44c279c5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c279c5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153596631.937815.227780@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Justin Azoff a ?crit :
> >     if len(tok) > 0:
> > should be written as
> >     if(tok):
> >
>
> actually, the parenthesis are useless.

yes, that's what happens when you edit something instead of typing it
over from scratch :-)

-- 
- Justin



From dnew at san.rr.com  Tue Jul 11 12:15:05 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:15:05 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Marshall wrote:
> Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
> these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
> right? 

Yes, but there's a bunch more to it than that. The handling of 
exceptions, an in particular exceptions caused by failed pre/post 
conditions, is an integral part of the process.

Plus, of course, pre/post condition checking is turned off while 
checking pre/post conditions. This does make sense if you think about it 
long enough, but it took me several months before I realized why it's 
necessary theoretically rather than just practically.

> Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? 

For some particularly simple ones, yes. For others, like "the chess 
pieces are in a position it is legal to get to from a standard opening 
set-up", it would be difficult. Anything to do with I/O is going to be 
almost impossible to write a checkable postcondition for, even at 
runtime. "After this call, the reader at the other end of the socket 
will receive the bytes in argument 2 without change."

As far as I understand it, Eiffel compilers don't even make use of 
postconditions to optimize code or eliminate run-time checks (like null 
pointer testing).

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From schaffer at optonline.net  Thu Jul  6 19:07:57 2006
From: schaffer at optonline.net (Les Schaffer)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:07:57 -0400
Subject: GPG.py adapted to use subprocess, for Windows?
Message-ID: <44AD97CD.8090702@optonline.net>

Hi:

Does anyone know if the GPG.py module has been updated to use the
subprocess module from python 2.4. My web searches find only the
original GPG module that requires a fork() -- according to my quick
tests anyway. i was about to adapt this to use subprocess, for Windows,
but thought i would ask here first.


Thanks

Les Schaffer


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 15:51:06 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:51:06 -0700
Subject: binding more than one attribute in a facntion
In-Reply-To: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153943466.783371.202690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

linuxnow at gmail.com:
> def f(a, b, c): return a + b + c
> I can do:
> fplus10 = f(10)
> and then call f with 2 params and it works.

If you call that f or that fplus10 with two parameters you obtain an
error in both cases. You have an error with the f(10) line too.

With Python 2.5 you can probably use the partial(), but for now you can
simply do:

def f(a, b, c):
    return a + b + c
def fplus10(b, c):
    return f(10, b, c)
def fplus10plus20(c):
    return fplus10(20, c)

print f(10, 20, 30)
print fplus10(20, 30)
print fplus10plus20(30)

Bye,
bearophile



From girodt at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 04:51:02 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 01:51:02 -0700
Subject: multinormal distribution
Message-ID: <1152262261.964686.23120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

hi there.

I'm struggling with a function of numpy. Here it is :


import numpy as NP
mean = NP.array([0,0])
cov = NP.array([[1,0.25],[0.25,1]])
v = NP.random.multivariate_normal(mean,cov)

Quite simple code : it is supposed to generate an array of two random
values taken from a multinormal distribution, with respect to means and
covariance matrix given as parameters.

What happens on my computer is simple : it freezes ! I can't even stop
the process with ctrl-C in my python interpreter i have to kill it from
outside.

I'm running : 
- python 2.4.1
- numpy 0.9.8



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 25 15:34:19 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 20:34:19 +0100
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz>
References: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz>
Message-ID: <ea5rno$9ru$1@sea.gmane.org>

Laszlo Nagy wrote:
> This program:
> 
> import sys
> import traceback
> import cStringIO
> 
> a = 1.0
> b = 0.0
> try:
>     c=a/b
> except:    
>     f = cStringIO.StringIO('')
>     ei = sys.exc_info()
>     traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)
> 
> raises this exception:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:/Documents and Settings/gandalf/test.py", line 12, in ?
>     traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)
>   File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 124, in print_exception
>     _print(file, 'Traceback (most recent call last):')
>   File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 13, in _print
>     file.write(str+terminator)
> AttributeError: 'cStringIO.StringI' object has no attribute 'write'
> 
> What is 'cStringIO.StringI' anyway? Shouldn't it be 'cStringIO.StringIO'?
> 
Nope. StringI is an input-only object, StringO is an output object. You 
got a StringI because you gave a string argument to the creator.


 >>> f1 = cStringIO.StringIO()
 >>> f1
<cStringIO.StringO object at 0x186c9c00>
 >>> dir(f1)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', 
'__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', 
'__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush', 
'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset', 
'seek', 'softspace', 'tell', 'truncate', 'write', 'writelines']
 >>> f2 = cStringIO.StringIO("This is the fixed content of the StringIO")
 >>> f2
<cStringIO.StringI object at 0x18661440>
 >>> dir(f2)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', 
'__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', 
'__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush', 
'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset', 
'seek', 'tell', 'truncate']
 >>>

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 04:48:17 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 01:48:17 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> <ot>Please don't top-post</ot>
> > On State and Behavior:
> >
> > To understand objects in terms of state and behavior you need to
> > absolve yourself from implementation details of languages
> > and think at an abstract level.
>
>
>
> > Take a button object, for example. It has state and behavior. Possible
> > states may include, is_active, is_focused, is_mapped, etc. Behavior is
> > what the button does when it responds to events, (e.g when you click on
> > it, or drag it, or position a pointer over it.) If you've done any form
> > of event based programming (GUI/Games/Simulation), this method of
> > thinking becomes natural.
> >
> > As you can see, when I'm designing a button object, I don't care what
> > Python does with is_active. I don't care how it accesses. I don't care
> > what is_active means to Python. I don't care about Python's __get__
> > /__set__ special/latent functions or implementation details. is_active
> > to me and every other developer is a state of the button object. And at
> > that level that's all that matters. Python can tell me it's just ones
> > and zeros for all I care.
> >
> > In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> > changed by the object.
>
> ... as a response to a message.
>
> > For example, a third party randomly changing
> > is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily)
>
> Unless you make it a read-only property.
>

So you see the purpose of accessors then?

> > from False to
> > True may crash your GUI.
>
> > And I'm not making this up. Things like this
> > do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
> > sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
> > if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
> > unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
> > programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
> > state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
> > vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
> > or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.
>
> Properties *are* 'accessors'.
>

I never said they weren't.

> > One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
> > the state of objects aren't easily contaminated.
>
> "contaminated" ???
>

Make an object's state unreliable. See above example.

> > That "state" is the
> > objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").
>
> Makes no sens to me.
>

is_active is an object's data, with regards to our example.

> > And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
> > accessors. It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
> > convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
> > just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
> > different.
> >
> > Thinking in terms of callable vs non-callable is not helpful for me,
> > because it isn't high level enough.
>
> Allo, Huston ?
>
> > Thinking in terms of state and
> > behavior is, because it works regardless of programming language or
> > implementations. This is the reason I like working with Python. I
> > wanted a language that didn't bore me with it semantics and allowed me
> > to focus on design. Let me reiterate, I'm not obsessing over language
> > semantics, I just need practical, not religious, solutions for my
> > problem domain.
>
> Using properties instead of explicit getters/setters is pragmatism, not
> religion. Using the default get/set mechanism when there's no specific
> reason to do otherwise is pragmatism too. And understanding the object
> model and idioms of the language you're using is IMHO the very pragmatic
> thing to do...
>

Again, the object model of the language is irrelevant. The only
relevant model is my application's model, which should work regardless
of the language I use.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 06:32:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:32:40 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b62149$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>(snip)
>>
>>>Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.
>>
>>Yes it does.
> 
> 
> No it doesn't.
> 
> 
>>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
>>>
>>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one.
>>
>>Then you provide a public API on top of the private one.
>>
>>class MyClass(object):
>>  def __init__(self, ...):
>>     self._attr = XXX
>>
>>  # seems like we really have enough use
>>  # cases to justify exposing _imp_attr
>>  @apply
>>  def attr():
>>    def fget(self):
>>      return self._attr
>>    def fset(self):
>>      self._attr = attr
>>    return property(**locals())
>>
>>
>>  def _method(self, ...):
>>    # code here
>>
>>  # seems like we really have enough use
>>  # cases to justify exposing _imp_method
>>  method = _impmethod
>>
>>Note that none of this actually breaks encapsulation.
> 
> 
> Ha! Just as bad as getters and setter.

What point are you trying to make here ? Of course a computed attribute
is just syntactic sugar for getters and setters - what else could it be?

The difference is that you don't need to write explicit getters/setters
beforehand, nor to use a "behaviour" semantic.

> 
>>>How
>>>does that solve my naming issues.
>>
>>How could this solve *your* naming issue ? This is totally unrelated.
>>You choose a bad name for a *public* symbol.
> 
> 
> My point exactly! It doesn't solve my problem!

What do you hope ? Something that cures cancer ? Please enlighten us and
explain how explicit getters/setters would have solved the problem of
badly named getters/setters ?


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 10:50:59 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:50:59 -0300
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1m4u2vgbkkbsr.qtxu2p962cjc.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-14 10:52:22, Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

>>>> Will print take care of encoding translation according to the encoding
>>>> used in the target console?
>>>
>>> Of course not. AFAIK there is no way figuring out which encoding the
>>> target console supports. The best you can do is to offer an option
>>> that allwos selection of the output encoding.
>> 
>> You can use the LANG environment variable on many systems. On mine,
>> it's set to en_GB.UTF-8, which causes a lot of software to
>> automatically choose the right encoding.
> 
> That might be a good heuristic - but on my Mac no LANG is set. So I
> should paraphrase my statement to "There is no reliable and
> cross-platform way figuring out which encoding the console uses". 

Right... without being a cross-platform specialist, I figured that much :)

I just thought that maybe the Python runtime had platform-specific
implementations for retrieving the platform-specific information about the
encoding used in the runtime environment (which is probably there on many
platforms) -- similar to maybe the platform-specific implementations of
file access, process and thread handling etc.

Anyway, it seems that anything non-ASCII is a bit problematic and needs
"manual" handling of the runtime environment encoding. Seems a bit odd,
given the worldwide distribution of Python... I would have thought that
such a rather basic task like printing an accented character on a console
had been solved in a standard way, rather than relying on individual
(wheel-reinventing) custom coding. Isn't that something that pretty much
everybody (outside the USA, at least) needs?

Thanks for sharing your thoughts,
Gerhard



From skip at pobox.com  Thu Jul  6 11:33:36 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 10:33:36 -0500
Subject: mirroring object attributes using xml-rpc
In-Reply-To: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17581.11600.646173.846473@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    sashang> Then the client code can get the value of i like this:
    sashang> c = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("address")
    sashang> c.geti()

    sashang> but why can't I get the value of i like this?

    sashang> c.i

"RPC" stands for "Remote Procedure Call".  You're looking for a remote
object access protocol.  As Irmen pointed out, Pyro is one such beast,
though it is limited to use with Python.  If you need something that's more
language-independent, you might look at SOAP.  Personally, XMLRPC has been
sufficient for me for several years.

Skip


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 16:06:03 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:06:03 +0200
Subject: New release of Diet Python (0.2 Beta)!!!
In-Reply-To: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eab690$rsa$1@news.albasani.net>

The Eternal Squire wrote:

> Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
> calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
> 
> ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
> clients thin :)

Erm... Which "PSF Python" are you referring to? I can't find a distribution
that's 300 MB in size...

Georg


From frank at chagford.com  Tue Jul  4 10:02:04 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:02:04 -0700
Subject: weird error messages on application exit
In-Reply-To: <1152014129.303962.178330@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152014129.303962.178330@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152021724.456275.217470@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


ianar? wrote:
> Running FC5 with Gnome (rather minimal install), using latest wxPython
> version installed from wxPython.org RPMs since I needed unicode and FC5
> only has ansi available in the package manager. Anyway the errors occur
> every time i close out of my wxPython application, and sometimes...
> maybe every 10 - 15 times... i need to kill the app.
> I have no idea what all this means, could someone please point me in
> the right direction? Thanks!
>
>
>
> (python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
> `GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed
>

I had the same problem. Here is a link to the whole story, together
with the solution, from the wxPython mailing list archive.

http://tinyurl.com/o4jsu

Frank Millman



From kraus at hagen-partner.de  Thu Jul  6 07:08:45 2006
From: kraus at hagen-partner.de (Wolfram Kraus)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 13:08:45 +0200
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8iqvq$bkd$1@ork-un.noris.net>

On 06.07.2006 12:43, manstey wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I often have code like this:
> 
> data='asdfbasdf'
> find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
> for i in find:
>    if i[0] in data:
>        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
> 
> is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> increase the speed?
> 
> Thanks,
> Matthew
> 

>>> import string
>>> data='asdfbasdf'
>>> data.translate(string.maketrans('asx', 'fgy'))
'fgdfbfgdf'

HTH,
Wolfram


From chris at kateandchris.net  Mon Jul 31 12:33:33 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:33:33 -0400
Subject: getting debug from urllib2
In-Reply-To: <1154353416.7157.77.camel@localhost.localdomain>
References: <1154353416.7157.77.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <20060731163333.GB18594@kateandchris.net>

On Mon, Jul 31, 2006 at 02:43:36PM +0100, Ben Edwards wrote:
> Have been experimenting with HTTP stuff in python 2.4 and am having a
> problem getting debug info. If I use utllib.utlopen I get debug but if I
> user utllib2 I do not.  Below is the probram and the output I am
> getting.
> 
> Any insight?
urllib2 sets the debug level every time a connection is made.  The HTTPHandler
classes provide a way of setting this, but there is no convenient way of doing
this when using the urlopen interface.

-Chris
> Ben
> 
> * Code *
> 
> import urllib, urllib2, httplib
> 
> url = 'http://www.mozillazine.org/atom.xml'
> httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
> 
> print "urllib"
> 
> data = urllib.urlopen(url);
> 
> print "urllib2"
> 
> request = urllib2.Request(url)
> opener = urllib2.build_opener()
> feeddata = opener.open(request).read()
> 
> print "End\n"
> 
> * Output *
> 
> urllib
> connect: (www.mozillazine.org, 80)
> send: 'GET /atom.xml HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.mozillazine.org\r
> \nUser-agent: Python-urllib/1.16\r\n\r\n'
> reply: 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'
> header: Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:43:11 GMT
> header: Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Gentoo) PHP/4.4.0-pl1-gentoo
> header: Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:05:52 GMT
> header: ETag: "20a1b4-6bcf-be12000"
> header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
> header: Content-Length: 27599
> header: Content-Type: application/xml
> header: Age: 5
> header: X-Cache: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org
> header: X-Cache-Lookup: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org:80
> header: Connection: close
> urllib2
> End
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul 18 17:23:48 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:23:48 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf890$0$23096$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153257828.511899.254960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Volker Grabsch wrote:
> IMHO, that flaw of Python should be documented in a PEP as it violates
> Python's priciple of beeing explicit. It also harms duck typing.

I think this may be good food for Python 3.0, the are removing
undefined comparisons too (>), etc.

bye,
bearophile



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 10:57:47 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 00:57:47 +1000
Subject: fonction in python
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.14.57.46.685730@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 03:06:37 -0700, aliassaf wrote:

> 
> Hello, 
>   
> If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
> going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.   
> 
> But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
> it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
> hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
> that f (t)!!! 

You are asking for curve-fitting. There is a HUGE amount of work on
curve-fitting in computer science and statistics.

Generally, you start with some data points (x, y). You generally have some
idea of what sort of function you expect -- is it a straight line? A
curve? What sort of curve? A polynomial, an exponential, a sine curve, a
cubic spline, a Bezier curve?

You might like to google on "least squares curve fitting" and "linear
regression". That's just two methods out of many.

Some curve-fitting methods also estimate the error between the predicted
curve and the data points; you could then try all of the methods and pick
the one with the least error.



-- 
Steven.



From grante at visi.com  Wed Jul 12 10:08:06 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 14:08:06 -0000
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
	<1152679066.198041.97390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ba0i6cr2lam7c@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-12, Carl Banks <invalidemail at aerojockey.com> wrote:
> Grant Edwards wrote:
>> On 2006-07-11, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>> > I'm writing a spider. I have millions of urls in a table (mysql) to
>> > check if a url has already been fetched. To check fast, I am
>> > considering to add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key,
>> > and use the following sql statement:
>> >   insert ignore into urls (url, hash) values (newurl, hash_of_newurl)
>> > to add new url.
>> >
>> > I believe this will be faster than making the "url" column unique key
>> > and doing string comparation.  Right?
>>
>> I doubt it will be significantly faster.  Comparing two strings
>> and hashing a string are both O(N).
>
> Playing Devil's Advocate: The hash would be a one-time operation during
> database insertion, whereas string comparison would happen every
> search.

Good point.

> Conceivably, comparing hash strings (which is O(1)) could
> result in a big savings compared to comparing regular strings;

Still, I doubt that the URLs are long enough so that there's a
significant difference.

> but I expect most decent sql implementations already hash data
> internally, so rolling your own hash would be useless at best.

Precisely.  DB designers and implementers have been working on
this problem for 30 years.  I doubt the OP is going to be able
to best them with a few minutes work.

> If the OP's database is lacking, md5 is probably fine. Perhaps
> using a subset of the md5 (the low 32 bits, say) could speed
> up comparisons at risk of more collisions.  Probably a good
> trade off unless the DB is humungous.

My advice: do it the simple way first (let the DB handle it).
Don't try to fix a problem until you know it exists.

Premature optimization....

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  It's strange, but I'm
                                  at               only TRULY ALIVE when I'm
                               visi.com            covered in POLKA DOTS and
                                                   TACO SAUCE...


From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 05:04:42 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 02:04:42 -0700
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
In-Reply-To: <1phrcluj5f0ju$.1j483d5qj7yqk$.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1hhymeu.1eq6sdi1gwb9cpN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1phrcluj5f0ju$.1j483d5qj7yqk$.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1152090282.277418.78650@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


> Thanks, that's awesome! Definitely not something I'd have ever been able
> to work out myself - I think I need to learn more about nested functions
> and introspection.

I've recently found nested functions incredibly useful in many places
in my code, particularly as a way of producing functions that are
pre-set with some initialization data. I've written a bit about it
here: http://antroy.blogspot.com/ (the entry about Partial Functions)

> > def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
> >   def decorated(self):
> >     if n in self._memo: return self._memo[n]
> >     result = self._memo[n] = m(self)
> >     return result
> >   decorated.__name__ = n
> >   setattr(cls, n, decorated)

Couldn't this be more simply written as:

 def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
   def decorated(self):
     if not n in self._memo:
          self._memo[n] = m(self)
     return self._memo[n]
   decorated.__name__ = n
   setattr(cls, n, decorated)

I've not seen the use of chained = statements before. Presumably it
sets all variables to the value of the last one?



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:05:32 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:05:32 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> (snip)
> > Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.
>
> Yes it does.

No it doesn't.

> >
> >>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
> >>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> >
> > Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one.
>
> Then you provide a public API on top of the private one.
>
> class MyClass(object):
>   def __init__(self, ...):
>      self._attr = XXX
>
>   # seems like we really have enough use
>   # cases to justify exposing _imp_attr
>   @apply
>   def attr():
>     def fget(self):
>       return self._attr
>     def fset(self):
>       self._attr = attr
>     return property(**locals())
>
>
>   def _method(self, ...):
>     # code here
>
>   # seems like we really have enough use
>   # cases to justify exposing _imp_method
>   method = _impmethod
>
> Note that none of this actually breaks encapsulation.

Ha! Just as bad as getters and setter.

> > How
> > does that solve my naming issues.
>
> How could this solve *your* naming issue ? This is totally unrelated.
> You choose a bad name for a *public* symbol.

My point exactly! It doesn't solve my problem!

> >>And in python the reverse can be true :
> >
> > The reverse is hardly ever true.
>
> So what are computed attributes ?
>
> > 90% of public APIs in almost all
> > languages are methods or functions.
> 
> "allmost all languages" lacks computed attributes.
> 
*sighs*



From rupole at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:35:04 2006
From: rupole at hotmail.com (Roger Upole)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 02:35:04 -0400
Subject: Controlling Windows Media Player from Python
References: <mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151994520_1131@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

"Jeffrey Barish" <jeff_barish at earthlink.net> wrote in message news:mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list at python.org...
> Is there a way to interact with Windows Media Player from Python?  I would
> like to be able to do things like tell WMP to play a given sound file or to
> ask WMP for metadata about a sound file.
> -- 
> Jeffrey Barish

WMP can be automated using COM:

import win32com.client

w=win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch('WMPlayer.OCX',0)
pl=w.playlistCollection.getByName('All Music')[0]
s=pl[0]
print s.name, s.duration
w.currentMedia=s

       Roger




From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:54:52 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:54:52 -0700
Subject: iter(callable, sentinel)
In-Reply-To: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>
References: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1154022892.130575.109530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Will McGugan wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I've been using Python for years, but I recently encountered something
> in the docs I wasnt familar with. That is, using two arguements for
> iter(). Could someone elaborate on the docs and maybe show a typical use
> case for it?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> Will McGugan
>
> --
> work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
> blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com

I just found out about that recently too.

help(iter) shows this:
Help on built-in function iter in module __builtin__:

iter(...)
    iter(collection) -> iterator
    iter(callable, sentinel) -> iterator

    Get an iterator from an object.  In the first form, the argument
must
    supply its own iterator, or be a sequence.
    In the second form, the callable is called until it returns the
sentinel.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 11:30:54 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 08:30:54 -0700
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152184750.406238.19260@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152199853.422584.202970@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> manstey:
> > is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> > increase the speed?
>
> I doubt the if increases the speed. The following is a bit improved
> version:
>
> # Original data:
> data = 'asdfbasdf'
> find = (('a', 'f'), ('s', 'g'), ('x', 'y'))
>
> # The code:
> data2 = data
> for pat,rep in find:
>     data2 = data.replace(pat, rep)
> print data2

Small bug in that code, you'll wind up with data2 only being the result
of replacing the last (pat, rep) in find.  It should be:

data2 = data
for pat, rep in find:
    data2 = data2.replace(pat, rep)

Be careful with multi-char terms in find.  You could wind up replacing
patterns that only occur in data2 as a result of earlier replacements.

I.e. if
find = ('bc', 'ab'), ('aa', 'bb')
data = 'abc'

then
data2 = 'aab' # First iteration,
data2 = 'bbb' # Second iteration replaces 'aa' even though 'aa' isn't
in original data.

Have fun,
~Simon


>
> # If find contains only chars, and the string is long
> # enough, then this is more or less the faster solution:
>
> from string import maketrans
> table = map(chr, xrange(256))
> for c1,c2 in find:
>     table[ord(c1)] = c2
> table_str = "".join(table)
> print data.translate(table_str)
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 16:51:03 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 13:51:03 -0700
Subject: python - regex handling
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7782.1152030987.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7782.1152030987.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152046263.035567.15750@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> does python provide regex handling similar to perl. can't find anything in
> the docs i've seen to indicate it does...
>
> -bruce

It helps to learn to search before asking for help.
Typing the words - python regex (words from your post) into Google
gives you plenty of results with the first link being the HOWTO. A
better query - python "regular expressions" would give you even more.



From tron.thomas at verizon.net  Fri Jul 21 21:17:26 2006
From: tron.thomas at verizon.net (tron.thomas at verizon.net)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 18:17:26 -0700
Subject: How to use pdb?
In-Reply-To: <1153467874.837952.208020@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153467874.837952.208020@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153531046.575283.108130@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


peter wrote:
> I haven't tried to use pdb myself, but this looks fairly helpful ...
>
> http://www.ferg.org/papers/debugging_in_python.html
>
> good luck
>
> Peter

That link was indeed helpful.  I was finally able to debug the program



From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 25 06:49:14 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:49:14 +0200
Subject: How can I optimise this? [intended in good humour]
In-Reply-To: <1153733237.943779.58670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8442.1153730133.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153733237.943779.58670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea4ssv$vp2$1@news.albasani.net>

John Machin wrote:
> Markus wrote:
>> You know you're guilty of early/over optimisation, when it's almost two
>> in the morning and the file open in front of you reads as follows.
>>
>>   The code you are about to read is real...
>>   Some of the variable names have been changed
>>   to protect the families of those involved.
>>
>> [-snip-]
>>
>> from timeit import Timer
>>
>> if __name__=='__main__':
>>      t = Timer('len(argv)==1','from sys import argv')
>>      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
>>      t = Timer('argv[0]==argv[-1]','from sys import argv')
>>      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)

> Do you realise that the two expressions that you are comparing are not
> even equivalent, and moreover you ignored an expression that will be
> faster and equivalent (unless/until somebody decides on an
> "optimisation" like interning/sharing strings between/among sys.argv
> elements).

Let me point out that len(argv) == 1 is the only one that will work if
argv is []. ;) (took me a few seconds to realize I must put a smiley there)

Georg


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 07:37:07 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 04:37:07 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153897927.268046.209160@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>
	<1153742350.379921.327120@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153897927.268046.209160@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153913826.955718.151880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Kay Schluehr wrote:
> Aren't they "rushing" for years? The last update of the Jython news
> page is from march 2005. This is not very encouraging even if there is
> a secret life of Jython.

Yeah I know... but I've been subscribing to jython-dev for quite
sometime, and the activity there is surely picking up compared to, say,
early 2006. Jython has new committers on board as well so that's
encouraging.

> But maybe we shouldn't worry because we can
> still read:
>
> "Jython, lest you do not know of it, is the most compelling weapon the
> Java platform has for its survival into the 21st century:-)"

:(

> > But yeah, compared to IronPython
> > (2.4 compliant, halfway to 2.5 even), it's pretty behind. But things
> > are changing the development seems to be picking up speed again!
>
> But you can't compile a Python module into a dotNet library that is
> used from C# which is the very essence of the CLR. IronPython is not
> more usefull than PythonNet.

At least for my case I will use IronPython for higher level task, and
perhaps calls libraries written in C# instead of the other way around,
plus you can leave your module as scripts anyway. If what you want from
C# is accessing Python's power then you can always host the IronPython
engine can't you?



From stuart at bmsi.com  Tue Jul 25 12:00:18 2006
From: stuart at bmsi.com (Stuart D. Gathman)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:00:18 -0400
Subject: smtplib timeout
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.16.00.17.955935@bmsi.com>

I am doing SMTP callbacks in a Python milter
(http://pymilter.sourceforge.net) using the smtplib module.  For some
spammer MXes, it takes days (!) before smtplib.sendmail will return. 
Since the spammer connects to us every few seconds, this quickly leads to
a problem :-)

I need to set a timelimit for the operation of
smtplib.sendmail.  It has to be thread based, because pymilter uses
libmilter which is thread based.  There are some cookbook recipies which
run a function in a new thread and call Thread.join(timeout).  This
doesn't help, because although the calling thread gets a nice timeout
exception, the thread running the function continues to run.  In fact, the
problem is worse, because even more threads are created.

-- 
	      Stuart D. Gathman <stuart at bmsi.com>
Business Management Systems Inc.  Phone: 703 591-0911 Fax: 703 591-6154
"Confutatis maledictis, flamis acribus addictis" - background song for
a Microsoft sponsored "Where do you want to go from here?" commercial.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 16:37:21 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:37:21 GMT
Subject: wxpython: how does EVT_IDLE work?
In-Reply-To: <Wjysg.2445$No6.49710@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Wjysg.2445$No6.49710@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <5Uysg.2446$No6.49659@news.tufts.edu>

John Salerno wrote:
> Quick question about the code below: I understand why the progress bar 
> fills up at a steady pace when the mouse is idle over the frame; but 
> why, when you move the mouse, does the progress bar speed up? Shouldn't 
> it stop completely until the mouse is idle again?

Ok, now I'm really confused. I just ran the code again and this time it 
*doesn't* increase the progress bar when the mouse is idle, and it only 
increases when I move it. This wasn't the behavior just a few minutes 
ago, and I didn't change anything! What's going on?



> self.gauge.SetBevelFace(3)

Should be 'Bezel'.


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 04:29:28 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 01:29:28 -0700
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <1152001768.052898.288900@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Rony Steelandt wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I wonder if somebody had a Sudoko solver written in Python ?
>
> Rony

Dude, there's like a million of them.  Try "Sudoko solver Python" in
google.

I wrote one myself based on Knuth's Dancing Links algorithm and using
Tkinter for the gui.  I'll send it to you or post it here if you really
want.  But try google first.  ;-)  there are certainly bound to be
better ones out there.


~Simon



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 15:48:45 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 14:48:45 -0500
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
Message-ID: <e9bgql$9n3$1@sea.gmane.org>

Chris Spencer wrote:
> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, but 
> not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not support 
> history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's own? Is 
> there any way to get command history working with InteractiveConsole on 
> Linux?

Be sure that the readline module is installed.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From wojciech at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 15:06:22 2006
From: wojciech at gmail.com (wojciech at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 12:06:22 -0700
Subject: Referring to Interpreter (Jython)
In-Reply-To: <1153679364.365522.100610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153679364.365522.100610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153681582.726370.38010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi everyone,

Ah, after some more searching and programming, I got it:

PythonInterpreter py = new PythonInterpreter();
py.set("interpreter", py);

Thanks,
Wojciech

wojciech at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi everyone,
>
> I apologize if this is a bit off-topic. I am currently working on a
> Java-based application that is used Jython as a scripting language
> within the actual program. However, for one of my GUI elements, I need
> to pass the actual PythonInterpeter to the constructor.
>
> I know that in Java there is the "this" keyword which allows an object
> to refer to itself. Does anyone know if there is a way to use a similar
> type of keyword to have the PythonInterpreter refer to itself?
>
> Thanks,
> Wojciech
>
> P.S.
>
> If there is a more appropriate newsgroup to which I should post this,
> please let me know.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 23:27:57 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:27:57 +1000
Subject: Threads and time.strptime()
In-Reply-To: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a9e03a$1@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 6:57 PM, Maximilian Michel wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I have an interesting problem:
> I have written code, that reads a logfile and parses it for date string
> (Thu Jun 29 14:01:23 2006).
> Standalone everthing works fine, all is recognized.
> 
> But if I let the same code run in a thread, with the same file as input
> I get the following error:
> ...
>   File "sensor.py", line 158, in gotData
>     t = time.strptime(s)
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/_strptime.py", line 293, in strptime
>     raise ValueError("time data did not match format:  data=%s  fmt=%s"
> %
> ValueError: time data did not match format:  data=Thu Jun 29 14:01:23
> 2006  fmt=%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y

Possibilities:

(1) The thread implementation has acquired extra characters (whitespace 
or \x00).

(2) The thread implementation has changed to a locale that doesn't have 
"Thu" & "Jun" as day/month name abbreviations.

Try inserting
print "strptime(%r); locale: %r" % (s, locale.getlocale())
before your call to strptime()

HTH,
John


From cfc at shell01.TheWorld.com  Sun Jul 16 12:01:54 2006
From: cfc at shell01.TheWorld.com (Chris F Clark)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 12:01:54 -0400
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <sddwtadbkst.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>

"Marshall" <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> In general, I feel that "records" are not the right conceptual
> level to think about.

Unfortunately, they are the right level.  Actually,the right level
might even be lower, the fields within a record, but that's moving
even farther away from the direction you wish to go.  The right level
is the lowest level at which the programmer can see and manipulate
values.  Thus, since a programmer can see and manipulate fields within
records in SQL that is the level we need to concern ourselves with
when talking about aliasing in SQL.  In other words, since a SELECT
(or UPDATE) statement can talk about specific fields of specific
records within the table (not directly, but reliably, which I'll
explain in a moment) then those are the "primitive objects" in SQL
that can be aliased.

What I meant by "not directly, but reliably":

If you have a fixed database, and you do two selects which specify the
same sets of fields to be selected and the same keys to select records
with, one expects the two selects to return the same values. You do
not necessarily expect the records to be returned in the same order,
but you do expect the same set of records to be returned and the
records to have the same values in the same fields.  Further, if you
do an update, you expect certain fields of certain records to change
(and be reflected in subsequent selects).

However, therein lies the rub, if you do a select on some records, and
then an update that changes those records, the records you have from
the select have either changed or show outdated values.  If there is
some way to refer to the records you first selected before the update,
then you have an aliasing problem, but maybe one can't do that.  One
could also have an aliasing problem, if one were allowed to do two
updates simultaneously, so that one update could changed records in
the middle of the other changing the records.  However, I don't know
if that's allowed in the relational algebra either. (I think I finally
see your point, and more on that later.)

> I do not see that they have
> any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
> any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
> than one key, and an update may change the values of one
> key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
> definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
> of a table after an update to each record of the table before
> the update, and if you can't do that, then where
> is the record identity?

I don't know if your point of having two keys within one table amkes a
difference.  If one can uniquely identify a record, then it has
identity.  The fact that there is another mapping where one may not be
able to uniquely identify the record is not necessarily relevant.

> But what you descrbe is certainly *not* possible in the
> relational algebra; alas that SQL doesn't hew closer
> to it. Would you agree? Would you also agree that
> if a language *did* adhere to relation semantics,
> then relation elements would *not* have identity?
> (Under such a language, one could not have two
> equal records, for example.)

Ok, here I think I will explain my understanding of your point.  If we
treat each select statement and each update statements as a separate
program, i.e. we can't save records from one select statement to a
later one (and I think in the relational algebra one cannot), then
each single (individual) select statement or update statement is a
functional program.  That is we can view a single select statement as
doing a fold over some incoming data, but it cannot change the data.
Similarly, we can view an update statement as creating a new copy of
the table with mutations in it, but the update statement can only
refer to the original immutable table that was input.  (Well, that's
atleast how I recall the relational algebra.)  It is the second point,
about the semantics of the update statement which is important.  There
are no aliasing issues because in the relational algebra one cannot
refer to the mutated values in an update statement, every reference in
an update statement is refering to the unmutated input (again, that's
my recollection).  (Note, if my recollection is off, and one can refer
to the mutated records in an update statement, perhaps they can
explain why aliasing is not an issue in it.)

Now for some minor points:

> For example, we might ask in C, if we update a[i], will
> the value of b[j] change? And we can't say, because
> we don't know if there is aliasing. But in Fortran, we
> can say that it won't, because they are definitely
> different variables. 

Unfortunately, your statement about FORTRAN is not true, if a and b
are parameters to a subroutine (or members of a common block, or
equivalenced, or ...), then an update of a[i] might change b[j].

This is in fact, an important point, it is in subroutines (and
subroutine like things), where we have local names for things
(bindings) that are actually names for things which may or may not be
distinct, that aliasing is the primary issue.  I don't recall the
relational algebra having subroutines, and even if it did they would
be unimportant, given that one could not refer within a single update
statement to the records that a subroutine changed (since one cannot
refer in an update statement to any record which has been changed, see
the caveats above).

Joachim Durchholz wrote: > >
> > Indeed.
> > Though the number of parameter passing mechanisms isn't that large
> > anyway. Off the top of my head, I could recite just three (by value, by
> > reference, by name aka lazy), the rest are just combinations with other
> > concepts (in/out/through, most notably) or a mapping to implementation
> > details (by reference vs. "pointer by value" in C++, for example).

Marshall again:
> Fair enough. I could only remember three, but I was sure someone
> else could name more. :-)

There actual are some more, but very rare, for example there was call-
by-text-string, which is sort of like call-by-name, but allows a
parameter to reach into the calling routine and mess with local
variables therein.  Most of the rare ones have really terrible
semantics, and are perhaps best forgotten except to keep future
implementors from choosing them.  For example, call-by-text-string is
really easy to implement in a naive interpreter that reparses each
statement at every invocation, but but it exposes the implementation
properties so blatantly that writing a different interpretor is nearly
impossible.

If I recall correctly, there are also some call-by- methods that take
into account networks and addressing space issues--call-by-reference
doesn't work if one cannot see the thing being referenced.  Of coruse,
one must then ask whether one considers "remote-procedure-call" and/or
message-passing to be the same thing as a local call.

One last nit, Call-by-value is actually call-by-copy-in-copy-out when
generalized.  

There are some principles that one can use to organize the parameter
passing methods.  However, the space is much richer than people
commonly know about (and that is actually a good thing, that most
people aren't aware of the richness, simplicity is good).

-Chris


From jonsmirl at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 21:47:49 2006
From: jonsmirl at gmail.com (Jon Smirl)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 21:47:49 -0400
Subject: Help with arrays of strings
References: <mailman.8767.1154392820.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154396014.600671.53920@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.08.01.01.47.47.911520@gmail.com>

On Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:33:34 -0700, Simon Forman wrote:
> Splitting a string into a list (array) of lines is easy enough,  if you
> want to discard the line endings,

Thanks for the pointers, that should be enough to get me started. I had
started off in the wrong direction looking for arrays instead of lists.

I'll code this up and give it try. Hopefully it can run though the 10GB of
data in a few hours and not take days.

Jon Smirl
jonsmirl at gmail.com



From thomas.grove at nepinc.com  Wed Jul  5 16:29:07 2006
From: thomas.grove at nepinc.com (Tom Grove)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:29:07 -0400
Subject: Perl Dictionary Convert
Message-ID: <44AC2113.9040406@nepinc.com>

I have a server program that I am writing an interface to and it returns 
data in a perl dictionary.  Is there a nice way to convert this to 
something useful in Python?

Here is some sample data:

200 data follow
{
  Calendar =  {
    Access =  { anyone = lr;};
    Class =  IPF.Appointment;
    Messages =  0;
    Size =  0;
    UIDNext =  1;
    UIDValidity =  287898056;
    Unseen =  0;
  };
  Contacts =  {
    Class =  IPF.Contact;
    Messages =  0;
    Size =  0;
    UIDNext =  1;
    UIDValidity =  287898056;
    Unseen =  0;
  };
}

-Tom



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 17 18:57:07 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:57:07 +1000
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
In-Reply-To: <1153138400.460374.218140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb6de0$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153138400.460374.218140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc15c3@news.eftel.com>

On 17/07/2006 10:13 PM, Arash Partow wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>> Who is likely to bother? In timbot we trust. Have you read the comments
>> at the start of Objects/dictobject.c?
>>
> No I haven't probably wont be anytime soon,

Perhaps you should, if you profess an interest in hashed lookup -- it 
gives some interesting commentary on the second aspect: collision 
handling. What matters is the *total* time to return an answer.

> as far as time, well
> people interested, as is how started my original port, would be more
> than willing to try/assess the routines for sets of strings that they
> wish to hash etc.

> this site may help explain plus has some code
> snippets that may help you understand what I mean.
> 
> http://www.partow.net/programming/hashfunctions/index.html

That JSHAsh allegedly written by "Justin Sobel": by coincidence, there's 
a Melbourne academic named Justin Zobel who has done something amazingly 
similar:

http://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~hugh/zhw-ipl.html

Searching for "Justin Sobel" did lead me to a Russian website which 
apart from repeating your typo/reado/whatevero did propose (and test) 
some more hash functions.

http://vak.ru/doku.php/proj/hash/efficiency-en

In particular look at the "rot13" function which was right up near the 
front as far as number of collisions goes, and which would appear (my 
guess based on reading the source) to be very fast (with the right 
compiler (e.g. gcc 4)).

> 
> 
>> A few more questions:
>>
>> Have you tested that these functions produce the same output (apart from
>> the 31-bit thing) as the originals that you worked from? The reason for
>> asking is that Python unlike C doesn't lose any bits in the <<
>> operation; if this is followed by a >> you may be shifting some unwanted
>>   1-bits back in again.
>>
> 
> Some of them do others don't (not really important unless you are
> trying to be compatible with other implementations which this is
> not),

I would have thought it important especially in the case of well-known 
functions whose properties have been discussed in the literature that 
you should not publish a version that gives a different answer, without 
noting that fact prominently.

> I am aware of python not truncating/wrapping of values under
> various operations, I believe its a nice little side effect from
> python which gives more bits to play with as long as you don't
> truncate them as I have.
> 
> 
>> Talking about not losing bits: For your 36-byte example input, the
>> SDBMHash (with its << 16) is up to about 566 bits before you truncate it
>> to 31. A little over the top, perhaps. Maybe not the fastest way of
>> doing it.
>>
> Possibly, do you have a better solution I'm very keen to learn...

You can't avoid using Python longs if you want to simulate unsigned 
32-bit arithmetic. However judicious truncation can be used to stop the 
longs becoming longer and slower. General rules:
1. Avoid exceeding 32 bits where possible. E.g. instead of
     hash <<= 8
do
     hash = (hash & 0xFFFFFF) << 8
2. Where unavoidable (e.g. hash *= constant), use hash &= 0xFFFFFFFF to 
chop back to 32 bits, once per iteration.

> 
> 
>> What is the purpose of the calls to long() in PJWHash?
>>
> trying to cast to long, looking at it now its rather superfluous.
> 
> 
>> And the $64K question: What is the quintessential difference between
>> PJWHash and ELFHash?
>>
> Nothing, elf is essentially pjw, its just optimised for 32-bit systems
> in that the calculation for th's etc are static where has pjw
> required sizeof to calc the th's

You've found a C compiler where sizeof(unsigned int) is not static i.e. 
calculated by the compiler at compile time???

> which i couldn't find a way of doing,
> so i fudged it in the hope that maybe sometime in the future a work
> around of sorts could be developed.

Google is a wonderful thing:

http://users.physik.tu-muenchen.de/gammel/matpack/html/LibDoc/Strings/strings.html
"""
Thanks to Josh Bloch (jbloch at eng.sun.com) who also informed me about 
another fault that is found in Aho, Sethi and Ullman's book: The line 
with h ^= (g >> 28) now replaces the original h ^= (g >> 24). According 
to a correspondence of Josh Bloch with Ravi Sethi this correction will 
be made in the next edition of the book. Including these two changes 
this hash function is now comparable to Vo's, Torek's and WAIS's hash 
functions.
"""

(1) Whoops! (2) Vo? Torek? WAIS? Could these be possible additions to 
your website?

http://www.math.columbia.edu/~bayer/annote/root/root.html
"""
Peter J. Weinberger hash function; see e.g. 21st Century Compilers, by 
Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Monica Lam, Jeffrey D. Ullman, ISBN 0321131436.

Hash unsigned X into H, using the temporary variable G. G and H are 
unsigned variables; X may be an expression. G is nonzero e.g. 92% of 
time, so a conditional expression would be slower. As noted by Josh 
Bloch, 28 is the correct replacement for the frequent misprint 24.

#define HASH(G,H,X) ( H <<= 4, H += (X), G = H & 0xf0000000, H ^= G >> 
28, H ^= G )
"""

Cheers,
John


From antroy at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 07:57:25 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 04:57:25 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

We seem to be flogging a dead horse now. Is the following a fair
summary:

Q. What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters?

A. Use attributes.

Quote: "I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
names"

Wisdom: Python is a different paradigm from (e.g.) Java w.r.t.
accessors: Put the effort you would have put into choosing accessor
names into choosing attribute names.

Anything else to add to this? Or can it be put to bed?



From mail at timgolden.me.uk  Mon Jul 10 06:25:49 2006
From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:25:49 +0100
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <44B23317.4080800@freenet.de>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>	<mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44B23317.4080800@freenet.de>
Message-ID: <44B22B2D.2020407@timgolden.me.uk>

Claudio Grondi wrote:
> Here a small update to the code at
> http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges
> :
> 
> ACTIONS = {
>    1 : "Created",
>    2 : "Deleted",
>    3 : "Updated",
>    4 : "Renamed from something"
>    5 : "Renamed to something",
> }
> 
> The correction above is according to entries:
> #define FILE_ACTION_ADDED                 0x00000001
> #define FILE_ACTION_REMOVED               0x00000002
> #define FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED              0x00000003
> #define FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME      0x00000004
> #define FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME      0x00000005
>    in ..\PlatformSDK\Include\WinNT.h
> 
> Claudio Grondi

Thanks. I've updated the site.

TJG


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 21:19:47 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:19:47 -0700
Subject: SocketServer and timers
In-Reply-To: <1154097846.141202.219000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1154071808.940150.284160@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154097846.141202.219000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154135987.629702.150450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
...
>
> That alone does not work. If server.handle_request() blocks,
> you don't get to the check(). You need some kind of timeout
> in handle_request().
>
>
> --
> --Bryan

Ach! You're right.  I didn't consider that handle_request() might
block..



From claird at lairds.us  Sat Jul 15 16:43:07 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 20:43:07 +0000
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <rj0oo3-5i7.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <mailman.8181.1152898758.27775.python-list at python.org>,
Carl J. Van Arsdall <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
			.
			.
			.
>This raises a good question.  Is there a need for python to change 
>somewhat to work better in an embedded profile?  Are there many people 
>in the community interested in using python for embedded projects?
			.
			.
			.
Yes and no.  Python could thrive for the next decade while
utterly surrendering the small-and-embedded domain to Forth,
Lua, Tcl, Scheme, and so on, so, no, there's no *need* for a
TinyPython.  On the other hand, yes, there are at least several
of us with an interest and occasional opportunities for Python
in such applications.  While <URL:
http://www.engcorp.com/acf/RecentChanges > looks dormant, it
was set up to serve just such constituencies, and we might yet
breathe life into it--just as any of the other several TinyPython
initiatives might, or might not, revivify.


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 00:50:02 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 21:50:02 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8305.1153244060.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153254509.770479.39000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153258475.162916.313050@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153284602.827755.37650@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

tac-tics wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > To me, and perhaps others, "T =
> > set(xrange(0, 10000, 23))" and "n in T"  are somewhat easier to read
> > and write than "not n % 23 and 0 <= n < 10000", YMMV.
>
> Eh? How is the first easier to read than the second?? You have a nested
> function call in the first!

I find the first form more immediately comprehensible than the latter.
I know what xrange() does, and I know what set() does, and "nested
function calls" give me no trouble,  whereas the latter form with a
modulus, negation, and comparisons would take me a bit longer both to
compose and/or understand.

If this is not the case for you then by all means please disregard my
posting.  YMMV.

>
> Regardless, testing if a member is part of a ranged set is always going
> to be slower.

Yes.  Roughly 0.0000001 seconds slower on my five year old computer.
I'm not worried.

> It's the nature of what you're doing. Building a set and
> then searching it takes much longer than a single modulus and
> subtraction (which is all an integer comparison is).

Building the set, yes, but searching the set is very close to the same
speed, even for rather large sets.  If you were performing the search
30000 times (like in the OP) it would only take about three thousandths
of a second longer, and that's on my old slow computer.

If I were doing this a thousand times more often, or on a range of a
million or more, or in production code, or with ranges that changed
often, then I would certainly take the time to write out the latter
form.


Peace,
~Simon



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 10:37:04 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:37:04 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bcf211$0$31802$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>><ot>Please don't top-post</ot>
>>
>>>On State and Behavior:
>>>
>>>To understand objects in terms of state and behavior you need to
>>>absolve yourself from implementation details of languages
>>>and think at an abstract level.
>>
>>
>>
>>>Take a button object, for example. It has state and behavior. Possible
>>>states may include, is_active, is_focused, is_mapped, etc. Behavior is
>>>what the button does when it responds to events, (e.g when you click on
>>>it, or drag it, or position a pointer over it.) If you've done any form
>>>of event based programming (GUI/Games/Simulation), this method of
>>>thinking becomes natural.
>>>
>>>As you can see, when I'm designing a button object, I don't care what
>>>Python does with is_active. I don't care how it accesses. I don't care
>>>what is_active means to Python. I don't care about Python's __get__
>>>/__set__ special/latent functions or implementation details. is_active
>>>to me and every other developer is a state of the button object. And at
>>>that level that's all that matters. Python can tell me it's just ones
>>>and zeros for all I care.
>>>
>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
>>>changed by the object.
>>
>>... as a response to a message.
>>
>>
>>>For example, a third party randomly changing
>>>is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily)
>>
>>Unless you make it a read-only property.
>>
>  
> So you see the purpose of accessors then?

*where* did I say *anything* that could *possibly* be taken as me not
seeing the point of computed attributes ?

What I'm saying here is that it's totally useless to duplicate default
behaviour.

> 
>>>from False to
>>>True may crash your GUI.
>>
>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this
>>>do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
>>>sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
>>>if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
>>>unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
>>>programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
>>>state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
>>>vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
>>>or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.
>>
>>Properties *are* 'accessors'.
>>
> 
> I never said they weren't.

Fine.

Now : in a language with support for computed attributes, direct
attribute access is the default r/w accessors.

> 
>>>One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
>>>the state of objects aren't easily contaminated.
>>
>>"contaminated" ???
>> 
> Make an object's state unreliable. See above example.

That's the word you choose that I find really strange.

> 
>>>That "state" is the
>>>objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").
>>
>>Makes no sens to me.
>>
> 
> is_active is an object's data, 

class Obj(object):
  # ....
  @apply
  def is_active():
    def fget(self):
      return (self.something and self.computeThis()) \
              or self.otherCondition()
    def fset(self, val):
      raise ReadOnlyError()
    def fdel(self):
      raise UndeletableError()
    return **locals()

According to *your* sayings, Obj.is_active is "behaviour"...

>>>And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
>>>accessors.

The only languages I know that "force" you to use accessors are
Smalltalk and Ruby (and Ruby offers some syntactic sugar for 'default' -
ie r/w - accessors).

> It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
>>>convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
>>>just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
>>>different.

I'm afraid it has very few to do with "robustness".

>>>Thinking in terms of callable vs non-callable is not helpful for me,
>>>because it isn't high level enough.
>>
>>Allo, Huston ?
>>
>>
>>>Thinking in terms of state and
>>>behavior is, because it works regardless of programming language or
>>>implementations. This is the reason I like working with Python. I
>>>wanted a language that didn't bore me with it semantics and allowed me
>>>to focus on design. Let me reiterate, I'm not obsessing over language
>>>semantics, I just need practical, not religious, solutions for my
>>>problem domain.
>>
>>Using properties instead of explicit getters/setters is pragmatism, not
>>religion. Using the default get/set mechanism when there's no specific
>>reason to do otherwise is pragmatism too. And understanding the object
>>model and idioms of the language you're using is IMHO the very pragmatic
>>thing to do...
>> 
> 
> Again, the object model of the language is irrelevant. 

Allo, Huston ?

> The only
> relevant model is my application's model, which should work regardless
> of the language I use.

What to say...



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul  5 13:46:38 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 10:46:38 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> >From this interesting blog entry by Lawrence Oluyede:
> http://www.oluyede.org/blog/2006/07/05/europython-day-2/
> and the Py3.0 PEPs, I think the people working on Py3.0 are doing a
> good job, I am not expert enough (so I don't post this on the Py3.0
> mailing list), but I agree with most of the things they are agreeing
> to.

No one expected them to do a bad job, but there is nothing really new
or interesting or challenging. Micro-optimizations and shape lifting.
Even a small discussion about the frictions of pattern matching and OO
with Martin Odersky, one of the creators of the Scala language, is more
inspiring than reading the whole Py3K stuff. I decided not to attend to
EuroPython this year...



From alikakakhel at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 23:49:50 2006
From: alikakakhel at yahoo.com (greenflame)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 20:49:50 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
Message-ID: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I want to make a function that does the following. I will call it
thefunc for short.

>>> s = "Char"
>>> thefunc(s)
>>> s
'||Char>>'

I tried the following

def thefunc(s):
    s = "||" + s + ">>"

The problem is that if I look at the string after I apply the function
to it, it is not modified. I realized that I am having issues with the
scope of the variables. The string in the function, s, is local to the
function and thus I am not changing the string that was inputed, but a
copy. I cannot seem to figure out how to get what I want done. Thank
you for your time.



From grante at visi.com  Sat Jul 22 10:04:08 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 14:04:08 -0000
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz> <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1@corp.supernews.com>
	<e9scfg$ali$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <12c4c2oe4up7i66@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-22, Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> wrote:

>> I've never understood the aversion people seem to have to
>> threads.
>
> Perhaps because with threads, data is shared by default.
> Whereas with processes, it is private by default, and needs to
> be explicitly shared if you want that.

Only global data is shared.  I guess if you use a lot of global
data that's an issue.  I tend not to.  The problem with
processes is that sharing data is hard.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Are you mentally here
                                  at               at Pizza Hut??
                               visi.com            


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 05:24:22 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:24:22 +0200
Subject: Making HTTP requests using Twisted
References: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8vqo6$k0o$1@sea.gmane.org>

"rzimerman" wrote:

> Is Twisted the best library for me to be using? I do like Twisted, but
> it seems more suited to batch mode operations. Is there some way that I
> could continue registering url requests while the reactor is running?
> Is there a way to specify a time out per page request, rather than for
> a batch of pages requests?

there are probably ways to solve this with Twisted, but in case you want a
simpler alternative, you could use Python's standard asyncore module and
the stuff described here:

    http://effbot.org/zone/effnews.htm

especially

    http://effbot.org/zone/effnews-1.htm#storing-the-rss-data
    http://effbot.org/zone/effnews-3.htm#managing-downloads

</F> 





From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 07:42:19 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:42:19 +0200
Subject: inline metaclasses
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7745.1151983064.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.04.07.12.05.119812@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7757.1152004931.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.11.42.18.775905@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7757.1152004931.27775.python-list at python.org>, K.S.Sreeram
wrote:

>> BTW, if that's what gangesmaster is after then it seem to work already. 
>> Put ``(object)`` after ``X`` and return something, say 'a' and 'b', in the
>> getters and the example prints 'a' and 'b'.
> 
> btw, the example seems to work even with old-style classes.

Yes, but setting properties works only with new-style classes.  So I use
them whenever I use properties.  In my mind properties and new-style
classes are linked together.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From Avizoa at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 00:30:32 2006
From: Avizoa at gmail.com (Avizoa at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 21:30:32 -0700
Subject: sqlite3 in Python 2.5b1: my out-of-the-box experience
In-Reply-To: <44a9d7cc@news.eftel.com>
References: <44a9d7cc@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1151987432.937684.83770@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> Apologies in advance if this is a bit bloggy, but I'd like to get
> comments on whether I've lost the plot (or, more likely, failed to
> acquire it) before I start reporting bugs etc.

These are not, in fact, bugs. One of SQLite's features is that it does
not enforce type, meaning that with the exception of INTEGER PRIMARY
KEY you can stick whatever you want into whatever field you want. The
philosophy of SQLite is that type checking is a "mis-feature" that goes
against some of the principles of the relational model.

Taking this into consideration, how would pysqlite handle opening a
database that mixes strings and integers in datetime fields? The short
answer is that it can't, so instead it is up to the developer to ensure
proper handling of type (sounds like python duck-typing, doesn't it?)



From jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net  Thu Jul 13 13:35:50 2006
From: jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net (Jeremy Sanders)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:35:50 +0100
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> "Sanjay" wrote:
> 
>> Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
>> object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
>> created a new object, as I tried.
> 
> "import" doesn't create new objects, so that's not very likely.  can you
> post some code so we don't have to guess what you've tried and not ?

It does if you mess around with sys.path between doing two imports of the
same thing (at least I found out the hard way on Python 2.4). I'm not sure
this is considered a bug or a "don't do that then" problem.

-- 
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Mon Jul  3 18:10:47 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 15:10:47 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set
	[withPython3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7736.1151961663.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7736.1151961663.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a9909a$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Delaney, Timothy (Tim) wrote:
> Plus copy-on-write isn't something you want in general - it's *much*
> slower since it needs to copy the internal data every time it's
> modified. The vast majority of uses of data structures does not involve
> concurrent modification.

But copy-on-write in the presence of reference counts doesn't do the
mad useless-copy stuff.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From usenet-2004 at lithe.de  Wed Jul 19 16:31:27 2006
From: usenet-2004 at lithe.de (Jan Niklas Fingerle)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 20:31:27 GMT
Subject: Using super()
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <44be969f$0$26259$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Pupeno <pupeno at pupeno.com> wrote:
> class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
>     def add_section(self, section)
>          super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
> 
> seems to work and as expected. Is there anything wrong with it ?

yes. 

(1) There's a colon missing in the def-line. ;-)

(2) The folling doesn't work as you might expect:

----------------------------------------------8<---------------
from ConfigParser import ConfigParser
class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
    def add_section(self, section):
        print "in MyConfig"
        super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)

class AnotherConfig(object):
    def add_section(self, section):
        print "in AnotherConfig"
        super(AnotherConfig, self).add_section(section)

class TheConfigIReallyUse(MyConfig, AnotherConfig):
     def add_section(self, section):
         print "in TheConfigConfigIReallyUse"
         super(TheConfigIReallyUse, self).add_section(section)

a = TheConfigIReallyUse()

a.add_section(None)
---------------------------------------------->8---------------

If you call this little script, you get ...

----------------------------------------------8<---------------
in TheConfigConfigIReallyUse
in MyConfig
---------------------------------------------->8---------------

..., i. e. add_section in AnotherConfig won't be called.

The reason for this is, that the usage of "super" (or it's non-usage 
in this case) is part of the interface of a class. ConfigParser doesn't 
support super (as most if not all classes in the standard lib),
therefore it doesn't ensure AnotherConfig's add_section will be called
at an appropriate time. This call just gets lost.

In my world you should never user super with the only exception being
that you really know what you are doing. ;-) In fact, super is a cool
thing for non-trivial diamond shape inheritance (i.e. not counting
object to introduce the diamond shape, otherwise this would make every 
multiple inheritance of new style classes a diamond shape). Even then
you have to be careful, that all methods must have the same signature
(*args and **kwargs may help you with this), because in the end you
never know which class calls which other class next. (Well, yes, you
may find out, but the next inheritance may break this again.)

In the end it comes down to: 
(1) If you use diamond shape inheritance (or might in the
    future), then use super.  
(2) If your base classes support super, use super. 
(3) If (1) goes without (2) be extra careful.
(4) Whatever you do, read the documentation of super and try to
    understand what you are doing.
(5) If you want to know about the flamewar sourrounding this issue,
    google for "python", "super" and "harmful"...

Cheers,
  --Jan Niklas


From jo at durchholz.org  Tue Jul 11 18:29:38 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 00:29:38 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
> these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
> right?

That's how it's done in Eiffel, yes.

 > In other words, we can consider contracts in light of
> inheritance, but the actual verification and checking happens
> at runtime, yes?

Sure. Though, while DbC gives rules for inheritance (actually subtypes), 
these are irrelevant to the current discussion; DbC-minus-subtyping can 
still be usefully applied.

> Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
> this raises decidability issues.)

Exactly, and that's why you'd either uses a restricted assertion 
language (and essentially get something that's somewhere between a type 
system and traditional assertion); or you'd use some inference system 
and try to help it along (not a simple thing either - the components of 
such a system exist, but I'm not aware of any system that was designed 
for the average programmer).

 > Mightn't it also be possible to
> leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
> was compile-time or runtime?

I'd agree with that, but I'm not sure how well that would hold up in 
practice.

Regards,
Jo


From david_wahler at bic.ky  Sat Jul 29 11:54:10 2006
From: david_wahler at bic.ky (david_wahler at bic.ky)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 10:54:10 -0500
Subject: =?utf-8?Q?Re:_ANN:_4_New_ShowMeDo.com_Videos_=28Wing_IDE,
	_RUR=2DPLE_=282=29, _PataPata=29?=
Message-ID: <20060729155410.12758.qmail@BICSRV1011.bic.ky>

I'll be out of the office until approximately August 20th. If you have any questions, please email support at bic.ky.

-- David Wahler




From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 09:26:01 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:26:01 +0100
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9o09m$jla$1@sea.gmane.org>

Anoop wrote:
> Thanks Stefen
> 
> let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
> function in the deprecated format
> 
> map(string.lower,list)
> 
To avoid the deprecated usage you would use the unbound method of the 
str type (that's the type of all strings):

  >>> lst = ['Steve', 'Holden']
  >>> map(str.lower, lst)
['steve', 'holden']
  >>>

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From edcdave at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 15:37:17 2006
From: edcdave at gmail.com (edcdave)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:37:17 -0700
Subject: ldexpf undefined in Python 2.4.3 build on SCO OSR 5.0.5
Message-ID: <1153769837.771533.291900@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

My (gcc 2.95.2) build of Python 2.4.3 is failing with:

         gcc  -Wl,-Bexport -o python \
                        Modules/ccpython.o \
                        libpython2.4.a -lnsl -ldl    -lm
Undefined                       first referenced
 symbol                             in file
ldexpf                              /usr/ccs/lib/libm.so
python: fatal error: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to
python
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
*** Error code 1 (bu21)
UX:make: ERROR: fatal error.

This is hardly surprising since config.log contained:

configure:18218: checking for hypot
configure:18269: gcc -o conftest -g -O2   conftest.c -lnsl -ldl  -lm
>&5
Undefined                       first referenced
 symbol                             in file
ldexpf                              /usr/ccs/lib/libm.so
conftest: fatal error: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to
conftest
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
configure:18275: $? = 1

Which led to pyconfig.h containing:

/* Define to 1 if you have the `hypot' function. */
/* #undef HAVE_HYPOT */

So, even without HAVE_HYPOT, ldexpf is still referenced somehow.

Any suggestions? Should I step back to Python 2.3 source? Thanks,
Dave Harris

BTW, I'm the guy trying to get MoinMoin running on SCO OpemServer 5.0.5
(http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/9321890929d5431d/fcc5a79144c195df?lnk=gst&q=getaddrinfo&rnum=2#fcc5a79144c195df).
The configure script correctly identifies getaddrinfo() as absent.

/* Define if you have the getaddrinfo function. */
/* #undef HAVE_GETADDRINFO */

Thanks for the suggestion to check it, Martin. There's still room for
some confusion since I'm trying to build Python 2.4.3 now and my
original binary was Python 2.3.4. But I'm satisfied that the Python
script is correct.



From panico.francesco at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 10:09:57 2006
From: panico.francesco at gmail.com (Francesco Panico)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:09:57 +0200
Subject: MySQLdb and dictcursor
In-Reply-To: <200607241425.59049.email@christoph-haas.de>
References: <Xns980AE0E7644BCborrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>
	<200607241425.59049.email@christoph-haas.de>
Message-ID: <f2b0b8ff0607240709kd4dd70dhe1dd2a6281c1a8f1@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/24/06, Christoph Haas <email at christoph-haas.de> wrote:
>
> On Monday 24 July 2006 14:06, borris wrote:
> > doesn anyone know a good reference, tute or examples of
> > MySQLdb's dictCursor
> > I want to pass dictionaries into the sql exec statements.
> > I could only succeed with text as values
>
> A german linux magazin has an article about passing a *list* of items at
>
> http://www.linux-magazin.de/Artikel/ausgabe/2002/06/python-api/python-api.html
>
> For those who don't understand german here comes an example on how to pass
> lists:
>
> cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO Adressen (Name, Strasse, PLZ, Ort)
>               VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)""",
>            [ ('Dr. Hans Mustermann', 'Musterstra?e 13', 50823, 'K?ln'),
>              ('Peter Lustig', 'Im Bauwagen 2', 50827, 'Porz'),
>              ('Edmund Stoiber', 'Spendensumpf 1', 47011, 'Bimbesdorf'),
>              ('Onkel Hotte', 'Im Siff 42', 57072, 'Siegen'),
>              ('Gerhard Schr?der', 'Gro?maulweg 2', 11901, 'Worth?lsen') ]
>           )
>
> However the DictCursor is helpful for *returning* dictionaries of values
> instead of just tuples. I always use DictCursor because it makes it
> clearer which rows I want to access in the result. But DictCursor can't
> pass dictionaries in a cursor.execute AFAIKT.
>
> But with dict.iteritems that shouldn't be hard to send dictionary items to
> the SQL database in a loop either.


You can use the same syntax you use for string formatting, even without
using DictCursor class:

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE id = %(id)s', {'id':43})

Regards
Francesco
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From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 21 06:47:45 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 10:47:45 GMT
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> danielx wrote:
>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> > danielx wrote:
>> > > At first I was going to post the following:
>> > >
>> > > <!-- beginning of my original post -->
>> > >
>> > (snip)
>> > >
>> > > <!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->
>> > >
>> > > but then I tried this:
>> > >
>> > >
>> > >>>>res = Foo.__dict__['func']
>> > >>>>res is dan
>> > >
>> > > True
>> > >
>> > > And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
>> > > not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
>> > > a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!
>> > > This is still a little bit of magic,
>> >
>> > FWIW, the function class implements the descriptor protocol... Here's
>> > the "magic".
>> >
>> > > which gets me thinking again about
>> > > the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
>> > > and unexpected in my case,
>> >
>> > "unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
>> > passed as first arg when doing method calls ?
>>
>> Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
>> motivated me to post.
>>
>> >
>> > > why not use some more dot-magic to implement
>> > > privates?
>> >
>> > What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
>> > restriction ?
>>
>> I knew someone would bring this up. The motivation would not be to
>> provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
>> for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
>> help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
>> side the stuff they should not?
>>
>> Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
>> learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
>> virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
>> (I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
>> interactive Python. This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
>> hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
>> when he really shouldn't.
>>
>
>
> if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
> WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!

Personnaly I don't like this convention. It isn't clear enough.

Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
module.

Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
to an implementation variable from that module. So now I have
variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:

  1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
     users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.

  2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
     I should be extra carefull using it.

And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 00:45:59 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:45:59 -0500
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>	<mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
Message-ID: <e9cg9u$bgh$1@sea.gmane.org>

Chris Spencer wrote:
> Robert Kern wrote:
>> Chris Spencer wrote:
>>> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, 
>>> but not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not 
>>> support history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's 
>>> own? Is there any way to get command history working with 
>>> InteractiveConsole on Linux?
>> Be sure that the readline module is installed.
> 
> Yeah, "import readline" works just fine. My problem isn't hard to 
> replicate. Can anyone else on Linux get command history to work with the 
> following code? Note, it should be saved and run from a file.
> 
> from code import InteractiveConsole
> i = InteractiveConsole(globals())
> i.interact()

You will also have to make sure that you import readline, too. This works for me:

import readline
from code import InteractiveConsole
i = InteractiveConsole(globals())
i.interact()

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 14:10:59 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 11:10:59 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bcf211$0$31802$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf211$0$31802$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153246259.536822.251610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >><ot>Please don't top-post</ot>
> >>
> >>>On State and Behavior:
> >>>
> >>>To understand objects in terms of state and behavior you need to
> >>>absolve yourself from implementation details of languages
> >>>and think at an abstract level.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>>Take a button object, for example. It has state and behavior. Possible
> >>>states may include, is_active, is_focused, is_mapped, etc. Behavior is
> >>>what the button does when it responds to events, (e.g when you click on
> >>>it, or drag it, or position a pointer over it.) If you've done any form
> >>>of event based programming (GUI/Games/Simulation), this method of
> >>>thinking becomes natural.
> >>>
> >>>As you can see, when I'm designing a button object, I don't care what
> >>>Python does with is_active. I don't care how it accesses. I don't care
> >>>what is_active means to Python. I don't care about Python's __get__
> >>>/__set__ special/latent functions or implementation details. is_active
> >>>to me and every other developer is a state of the button object. And at
> >>>that level that's all that matters. Python can tell me it's just ones
> >>>and zeros for all I care.
> >>>
> >>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> >>>changed by the object.
> >>
> >>... as a response to a message.
> >>
> >>
> >>>For example, a third party randomly changing
> >>>is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily)
> >>
> >>Unless you make it a read-only property.
> >>
> >
> > So you see the purpose of accessors then?
>
> *where* did I say *anything* that could *possibly* be taken as me not
> seeing the point of computed attributes ?
>
> What I'm saying here is that it's totally useless to duplicate default
> behaviour.
>

And who's doing that?

> >
> >>>from False to
> >>>True may crash your GUI.
> >>
> >>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this
> >>>do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
> >>>sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
> >>>if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
> >>>unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
> >>>programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
> >>>state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
> >>>vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
> >>>or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.
> >>
> >>Properties *are* 'accessors'.
> >>
> >
> > I never said they weren't.
>
> Fine.
>
> Now : in a language with support for computed attributes, direct
> attribute access is the default r/w accessors.
>

Depends on your definition of accessors. Otherwise 97% of languages
provide direct access to an object's data attributes.

> >
> >>>One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
> >>>the state of objects aren't easily contaminated.
> >>
> >>"contaminated" ???
> >>
> > Make an object's state unreliable. See above example.
>
> That's the word you choose that I find really strange.
>

What's strange about it. If an object's data attribute is supposed to
state that it is false when there are no mark objects in the buffer,
and a third party accidently incorrectly changes the attribute to state
it is True for whatever reasons, you essentially corrupt the objects
state and render the whole system "unreliable," or "buggy". What again
is difficult to grasp?

> >
> >>>That "state" is the
> >>>objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").
> >>
> >>Makes no sens to me.
> >>
> >
> > is_active is an object's data,
>
> class Obj(object):
>   # ....
>   @apply
>   def is_active():
>     def fget(self):
>       return (self.something and self.computeThis()) \
>               or self.otherCondition()
>     def fset(self, val):
>       raise ReadOnlyError()
>     def fdel(self):
>       raise UndeletableError()
>     return **locals()
>
> According to *your* sayings, Obj.is_active is "behaviour"...
>

Not my saying.  OO says so.

> >>>And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
> >>>accessors.
>
> The only languages I know that "force" you to use accessors are
> Smalltalk and Ruby (and Ruby offers some syntactic sugar for 'default' -
> ie r/w - accessors).
>

Add Eiffel to the list. Java/C++/C#/Ada all recommend it by convention.


> > It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
> >>>convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
> >>>just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
> >>>different.
>
> I'm afraid it has very few to do with "robustness".
>

Your opinion.

> >>>Thinking in terms of callable vs non-callable is not helpful for me,
> >>>because it isn't high level enough.
> >>
> >>Allo, Huston ?
> >>
> >>
> >>>Thinking in terms of state and
> >>>behavior is, because it works regardless of programming language or
> >>>implementations. This is the reason I like working with Python. I
> >>>wanted a language that didn't bore me with it semantics and allowed me
> >>>to focus on design. Let me reiterate, I'm not obsessing over language
> >>>semantics, I just need practical, not religious, solutions for my
> >>>problem domain.
> >>
> >>Using properties instead of explicit getters/setters is pragmatism, not
> >>religion. Using the default get/set mechanism when there's no specific
> >>reason to do otherwise is pragmatism too. And understanding the object
> >>model and idioms of the language you're using is IMHO the very pragmatic
> >>thing to do...
> >>
> >
> > Again, the object model of the language is irrelevant.
>
> Allo, Huston ?
>
> > The only
> > relevant model is my application's model, which should work regardless
> > of the language I use.
> 
> What to say...
> 
> 

...



From harry.g.george at boeing.com  Wed Jul 19 01:08:52 2006
From: harry.g.george at boeing.com (Harry George)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 05:08:52 GMT
Subject: Project organisation
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <xqxk66a9o63.fsf@cola3.ca.boeing.com>

rony steelandt <bucodi at yahoo.fr> writes:

> Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py
> 
> What would be the best way to organise this
> 
> 1.
> c --\project1\*.py
>   |
>   |-\project2\*.py
>   |
>   --\globals\util.py
> 
> This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
> util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
> it still works (that could be project 1..n). 
> 
> 2.
> A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
> modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
> clutered, having n versions of util.py.
> 
> What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?
> 
> Rony
> 

Is "util.py" supposed to do the same thing wherever it is used?  No
one can answer that for you.  Your comments suggested mostly the same,
but some differences.  In that is the case, then use one main util.py
for the common items, and do a local util.py for the locally-specific
items.  Given proper attention to paths, there should be no confusion.

I wouldn't bury the common util.py in a package called "globals".
That could get really confusing.  You might make it a standalone
package, or maybe use "utilities" or "common".


-- 
Harry George
PLM Engineering Architecture


From hanumizzle at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 23:32:23 2006
From: hanumizzle at gmail.com (hanumizzle at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 20:32:23 -0700
Subject: Dive Into Python -- Still Being Updated?
In-Reply-To: <1hfu1rrll1itq$.1qcnt52mwow02.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153608516.070145.254800@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hfu1rrll1itq$.1qcnt52mwow02.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153884743.819919.260900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Alan Franzoni wrote:
> Il 22 Jul 2006 15:48:36 -0700, hanumizzle at gmail.com ha scritto:
>
> > http://diveintopython.org/getting_to_know_python/indenting_code.html
> >
> > The function called fib (presumably short for Fibonacci) appears to
> > produce factorials. Anyway, 'fib' should really be called 'hem'. :)
>
> I think this is just a bad name for the function... it's not stated
> anywhere that it should return a Fibonacci sequence.

Well, yeah, my point. It's misleading. He was on the right track (it is
a sequence), but he goofed a little. In general, Mark Pilgrim's
material is pretty damn good.

> > http://diveintopython.org/native_data_types/tuples.html#odbchelper.tuplemethods
> >
> > I think tuples have methods, na?
>
> Well... of course they have some *special* methods, (any python object has)
> but they have no method of their own. I think this is pretty clear, it's
> employed to emphasize the contrast with the list object.

I'm coming from Perl/Ruby, so maybe I don't grasp the concept of
'special' methods yet.

> BTW, you can see last update is 20 May 2004; it's right on the homepage.

I know :( ...it is open content (GFDL), so I suppose I could pick it
up...maybe later :)



From tzotzioy at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 13:13:43 2006
From: tzotzioy at gmail.com (tzotzioy at gmail.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 10:13:43 -0700
Subject: Python Challenge - thesamet unreachable?
Message-ID: <1151860423.825881.31770@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

If anyone has a way to contact thesamet, please tell him to check his
private messages at the Python Challenge website; I have a couple of
ideas for more challenges.

Cheers all.



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Fri Jul 14 02:28:14 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 23:28:14 -0700
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8139.1152812835.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8139.1152812835.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152858494.424350.295700@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Got crystal clear. Thanks a lot to all for the elaborated replies.

Sanjay



From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 09:57:13 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 06:57:13 -0700
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8396.1153489588.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8396.1153489588.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153490233.770813.63220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

yea i saw that....guess I was trusting that my regex was accurate :)
...b/c i was getting a Matcher when I shouldnt have, but i found that
it must be the regex.



From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:19:07 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:19:07 -0700
Subject: Checking File permissions
Message-ID: <1153401547.638537.155130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
permission to the file using python script

Thanks for ur inputs

Anoop



From tenax.raccoon at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:55:29 2006
From: tenax.raccoon at gmail.com (Jason)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:55:29 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152546929.849384.131860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


mystilleef wrote:
> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
> code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
> attribute and move on. Well, I'm glad python has properties. It's a
> feature that should be advertised more, especially for large scale
> python development.
>
> Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> > mystilleef wrote:
> >
> > > Hello,
> > >
> > > What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters. I've
> > > heard
> > > people say the use of accessors is not Pythonic. But why? And what is
> > > the alternative? I refrain from using them because they smell
> > > "Javaish."
> > > But now my code base is expanding and I'm beginning to appreciate the
> > > wisdom behind them. I welcome example code and illustrations.
> >
> > Which wisdom do you mean? The wisdom that a language that has no property
> > mechanism and thus can't intercept setting and getting of instance members
> > needs a bulky convention called JAVA Beans, so that _all_ uses of
> > properties are tunneled through some code, even if only a few percent of
> > these actually need that?
> >
> > Or the wisdom that strangling developers by putting access modifiers with
> > approx. a dozen different rules in place is an annoyance to adult
> > developers to say the least?
> >
> > These are the reasons they are not pythonic. We can intercept property
> > access (see the property descriptor, http://pyref.infogami.com/property),
> > and we trust in developers being able to judge form themselves if messing
> > with internals of code is a good idea or not.
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Diez

The property() mechanism gets rid of the need for getters and setters,
as you can invisibly change a member variable into a getter/setter as
needed.  Nothing else needs to know that its using a property and not a
getter/setter.

Nothing like being forced to write getters and setters in C++/Java
before you feel like shooting your source code.  Please don't bring
this code-rage into Python.

To refactor a name in your code, take a look at Bicycle Repair Man
[http://bicyclerepair.sourceforge.net/].  It integrates into Eclipse
via PyDev, and allows you to refactor variable names, class names, and
method names fairly easily.

Good luck!

    --Jason



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Thu Jul 27 17:31:09 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:31:09 -0700
Subject: Process files in order
In-Reply-To: <44c92b81$0$19013$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c92b81$0$19013$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154035869.721323.278380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

A possibility:

import os
_, _, file_names = os.walk("").next()
print sorted(file_names, key=lambda fn: os.stat(fn)[8])

Bye,
bearophile



From kevin at dotsyntax.com  Wed Jul 19 10:17:06 2006
From: kevin at dotsyntax.com (Kevin Watters)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:17:06 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Number combinations
References: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <loom.20060719T161633-225@post.gmane.org>

How about

print ["%04d" % x for x in xrange(10000)]



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 13:18:44 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:18:44 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153411144.630856.26820@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153411144.630856.26820@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bfbaf6$0$24597$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>>>>>>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
>>>>>>internal data" at will.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>And this is robust how?
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>You can do just the same in Java or C++.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>OMG!
>>
>>It's common knowledge.
>>
> I ask how your solution is robust,

This is definitively not a problem with "my solution". Python has *no*
access restriction. Anyone can do what he wants with any attribute of
your Python classes.

> and you go off talking about Java
> and C++. 

Whose access restriction is Joke.

> 
>>>>>>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
>>>>>>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
>>>>>>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
>>>>>>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
>>>>>>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
>>>>>>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
>>>>>>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
>>>>>>for this.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.
>>>>
>>>>I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
>>>>idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.
>>>>
>>>
>>>Sure, but calling users idiots for as result of your laziness or poor
>>>design or lack of robustness is equally idiotic.
>>
>>Ok, then 99.99% of Python programmers are lazy, have poor design skills
>>and are unable to write a robust application. So they are idiotic too.
>>
> If you say so.

Logical derivation from your above statement.

> 
>>>>>>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
>>>>>>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
>>>>>>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
>>>>>>
>>>>>>class Complicated(object):
>>>>>>def __init__(self, data):
>>>>>>  self.data = data
>>>>>>def _get_data(self):
>>>>>>  return self._data
>>>>>>def _set_data(self, data):
>>>>>>  self._data = data
>>>>>>
>>>>>>and
>>>>>>
>>>>>>class Pragmatic(object):
>>>>>>def __init__(self, data)
>>>>>>  self.data = data
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
>>>>>>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>I don't know it's your code not mine.
>>>>
>>>>IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
>>>>instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.
>>>>
>>>
>>>Hey, I didn't write that code. You did! You deal with it. My input on
>>>__your__ code at this point is irrelevant.
>>
>>It's totally relevant, and you're still unable to come with any valid
>>reason to prefer the first solution over the second. I'm totally
>>confident that if there was *any* defendable reason to favor the first
>>approach, you'd have chosen to answer instead of playing dumb.
>>
>  
> Chosen what answer? First of all, I have no idea what you are trying to
> do. 

Make you understand why, in Python, it is *totally* useless to mark an
attribute as implementation and add read/write accessors to it. But it's
obviously hopeless.

> Secondly, I wouldn't code like that. So asking for my input on
> some code that I believe has no purpose is irrelevant. In your class,
> Complicated, why are your accessors private?

They are not "private", they are implementation details - in this case,
support for a property.

> Why is the attribute the
> accessors are modifying public?

It is not public, it is marked as implementation detail - in this case,
support for a property.

> In your second class, can data afford
> to be modified by anyone? 

Obviously - just like in the first example.

>Does doing that cause any corruption, bugs,
> indiscrepancies in the system? You can't just throw code at me, out of
> context, and tell me to choose which is better. It's just premature.

If you are unable to understand such a simple code then you are totally
clueless. Since your are obviously not totally clueless, it's just bad
faith from you. So I'm obviously wasting my time and bandwidth.

(snip)
>>>>>See! I'm controlling access.
>>>>
>>>>You are not controlling *anything*
>>>>
>>>>r = Robust()
>>>>r._Robust__is_active = True
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>*sighs*
>>>
>>>You keep coming up with these unrealistic and impractically delusional
>>>theories
>>
>>Pardon ? Which "unrealistic and impractically delusional theories" ?
>>Please try the code above instead of getting to big words...
>> 
> 
> Doesn't that fall under the "DO NOT DO THIS AT HOME KIDS" in the FAQ
> section or somewhere?

Nope. It falls under the "dont do this unless you really need to and
know exactly what you are doing and accept all possible consequences -
IOW you're on your own" section.

>>
>>>Sure Python lets your do that,
>>>but that's an implementation detail almost all Python developers could
>>>give a damn about. How many times do I have to tell you I don't care
>>>for latent semantic implementation details of Python? Anybody who does
>>>what you just did should be laughed at derisively and ignored.
>>
>>Believe it or not, but there are times someone may have a perfectly
>>valid reason to do so (probably not with your example, but that's
>>another point).
>>  
> I have never seen any Python code do that.

I have.

> I will certainly reject code
> like that in my project. 
> But if people do it without any ill effects,
> good for them. I don't do it, I don't know any Python developer that
> does.

Never heard of the sys._getframe() hack ?

>>>>
>>>>>Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
>>>>>change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
>>>>>down 27000 lines of code to do it.
>>>>
>>>>And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?
>>>>
>>>
>>>But I don't want to. I wanna change implementation not interface.
>>
>>Changing implementation from direct attribute access to property doesn't
>>require changing the interface, so there's no reason to use a property
>>for simple read/write access. period.
>>
> 
> 
> There is. The name issues already afore-mentioned elsewhere.

Lol. The "name issue" you talk about is
1/ exactly a case of changing *interface*
2/ only due to the fact that you're confusing state with non-callable
attributes.

>>>>>Also a naive third party won't crash
>>>>>my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.
>>>>
>>>>Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
>>>>stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
>>>>*her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
>>>>to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
>>>>of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
>>>>with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.
>>>>
>>>
>>>That's just silly. If a third party plugin is crashing your app,
>>
>>Not my responsability.
>>
> 
> 
> You enjoy pointing fingers, don't you?

Nope. But I refuse to be responsible for someone else's stupidity
(unless this 'someone else' happens to be my son).

> 
>>>guess
>>>who's gonna get the emails and bug reports? That's right you!
>>
>>And ?
>> 
> You have to investigate it?
> 
> 
>>>And that
>>>is after hours of trying to reproduce the bug on your system
>>>unsuccessfully
>>
>>If the app runed fine and all of a sudden starts to crash, I'll suspect
>>something specific to the user system.
>> 
> There you go again pointing fingers. It has to be the stupid idiotic
> users fault.

Your words. Not mines. As far as I'm concerned, I can accept that some
change in the user's environment can impact my program - sometimes in
very very strange ways. I've had a case recently involving Trac, SQLite,
mod_python and PHP5.

> 
>>>because you don't have the bloody plug-in installed and
>>>they user doesn't know a random plug-in he downloaded is the root of
>>>the problem.
>>
>>"Hi Mr User... Just a question about your problem : did you change
>>anything in your system recently ? Like installing a new plugin ?"
>>
> Yeah, now you have 20/20 hindsight.

Of course - I cheated. At least with the last question. But FWIW, if my
app was pluggable and I had a similar case, one of the very first thing
I'd ask would be the detailed and exhaustive list of installed plugins.

>>>>>Because in the real
>>>>>world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
>>>>>among other forms of ridicule.
>>>>
>>>>So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?
>>>>
>>>
>>>Yes, it can be.
>>>
>>
>>I definitively give up trying to understand you.
>>
> 
> 
> I guess you haven't got bug reports that make you feel like shit.

No. I don't allow a bug report to "make me feel like shit". I sometimes
felt really dumb and sorry when I found out how evident the bug was, but
that's another problem.

(snip)
>>>My users are not just end users they are also developers.
>>
>>Developpers are supposed to know enough to fill in useful bug reports...
>>and possibly do some prior research on the problem by themselves.
>>
> Developers extend your application in ways you hadn't originally
> anticipated, thus exposing bugs.

I know, I do a lot of work on existing apps so they fit my customers needs.

> And no, it's not the developers fault.

Which developper ? The author of the app, or the one extending it ?

> I know that's where you are going. There are several reasons why this
> can happen, including me not protecting object's state properly.

If you exposed as part of the interface some highly critical attribute
then yes, you are responsible. If it's the other developper messing with
your implementation, then it's by no way your responsability - but it
may be a sign that your code could need some support for a use case you
had not anticipated.

(snip)
>>>
>>>Your example
>>
>>Which one ?
>>
>>
>>>actually requires more code,
>>>is looks complex and it's
>>>ugly
>>
>>
>>You mean:
>>
>>class Pythonic(object):
>>    def __init__(self):
>>      self._is_active = True
>>
>>    @apply
>>    def is_active():
>>      def fget(self): return self._is_active
>>      def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
>>      return property(**locals())
>>
>>
>>
(snip)
> Yes, that.

Then you find Python complex and ugly. But what I find surprising is
that you could make a judgement on "my example" before I wrote it...


(snip)
>>>What book are we talking about again? I made these rules from my
>>>experience writing programs in Python, not from any book.
>>
>>I fail to see how your view of "data = state / methods = behaviour" or
>>your advice to "make all data attributes private" comes from experience
>>writing Python code.
>> 
> 
> Then I can't help you.

That's an understatement.

>>>But for a lot of people over here who claim they've been
>>>programming for X number of years, some of them certainly do need to
>>>hit the books again. I don't believe I spent an inordinate amount of
>>>time explaining state and behavior or the benefits or techniques for
>>>reducing coupling or why anyone would need accessors, among other
>>>things.
>>
>>Do you really believe you taught me anything about these topics ?
>>
> 
> 
> No, but I surprised some of the terms I use confuse you.

The only term that confused me was actually "contaminated".

> Or why you
> would question why anyone would need to use accessors.

Where did I question this ? Chapter and verse, please.

> And that you
> consider data hiding and encapsulation harmful and unnecessary.

I consider language-inforced access restriction as harmful and
unnecessary. And it has very few to do with encapsulation.

> However, I'll give you the benefit of the doubt.

How nice from you. But given the views you expressed about "sound
software engineering principles" and your understanding of concepts such
as state, behaviour, coupling and encapsulation, please consider me as
definitively wasted.

>>>>>Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
>>>>
>>>>The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
>>>>them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).
>>>>
>>>
>>>Sure, if it makes you feel better.
>>
>>Alas, not. Seeing someone inflicting himself pain because of misbelief
>>or misunderstanding does not "make me feel better". Too bad you take it
>>this way.
>>
> 
> 
> I feel a lot more pain when I have to investigate bugs that I could
> have prevented easily if only I had adhered to sound software
> engineering principles as opposed to drinking philosophical Kool Aid.

Exactly. Here, the "sound software engineering principles" is to pay a
minimal attention to naming of interface elements, and the
"philosophical Kool Aid" confusing non-callable attributes with
implementation detail.

> I'm in tune with most of Python's philosophies. But one needs to know
> when to make exceptions as opposed to blindly reciting and following
> ingrained mantras.

Exact once again. Here, the mantra is "state is data is private,
behaviour is method is public". That may be true for Smalltalk, but not
for Python.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 01:17:06 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 22:17:06 -0700
Subject: SocketServer and timers
In-Reply-To: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1154063826.816047.254210@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


alf wrote:
> I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a
> main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's
> say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are:
> 	-how to stop serve_forever

Override serve_forever() and replace "while 1:" with something like
"while self.continue_flag:".

> 	-how to implement timers

You could override get_request(), and use select.select() to wait for
either the socket to become readable (so the accept() won't block), or
a timeout to expire. If you are not already, use the threading or
forking
mixin so that the request handler won't stop everthing if it blocks.


-- 
--Bryan



From mumia.w.18.spam+nospam.usenet at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 09:49:18 2006
From: mumia.w.18.spam+nospam.usenet at earthlink.net (Mumia W.)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:49:18 GMT
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <873bdhvfi6.fsf@thalassa.informatimago.com>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151276031.641318@elch.in-berlin.de>
	<4gd3iiF1md4lcU1@individual.net> <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
	<1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de> <e8d4u9$sdf$1@online.de>
	<873bdhvfi6.fsf@thalassa.informatimago.com>
Message-ID: <yluqg.2825$cd3.1769@newsread3.news.pas.earthlink.net>

Pascal Bourguignon wrote:
> [...]
> (coerce (lschar :name "LATIN") 'string)
> --> "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
>      ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
 > [...]

In what programming language/interpreter is this code?



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sat Jul 29 19:04:30 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 23:04:30 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <2QRyg.15426$rp4.10035@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote in message
news:Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684 at tornado.texas.rr.com...
> "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1154055002.495073.171650 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> >
> >
> > myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
> > image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
> > if myCol < darkestCol:
> >    darkestCol = myCol
> >    possX = thisX
> >    possY = thisY
> >
>
> Psyco may be of some help to you, especially if you extract out your myCol
> expression into its own function, something like:
>
> def darkness(img,x,y):
>     return  (0.3 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (0.59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) + (0.11 *
> img.GetBlue(x,y))
>
<snip>

Even better than my other suggestions might be to write this function, and
then wrap it in a memoizing decorator
(http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-11870a08b0fa59a8622
201abfac735ea47ffade5) - surely there must be some repeated colors in your
image.

-- Paul





From gregpinero at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:57:39 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 10:57:39 -0400
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <1152528873.886091.232580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152528873.886091.232580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607100757u3e490ddci111c0d2d7ef235a@mail.gmail.com>

That's interesting, Ben.  So we'd be better off making a new library
similiar to Pygame in functionality but designed from the ground up to
work in a browser.  I guess that XPCOM technology that someone
mentioned might be the way to go?


On 10 Jul 2006 03:54:33 -0700, Ben Sizer <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:
> Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> > I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> > for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> > shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> > attempted this?
>
> I doubt you can get PyGame to work this way - at least, not without
> some significant hacking around in the source - since PyGame relies on
> the underlying SDL library, and from my experience with it, I can't see
> it playing well with a browser whatsoever. I think SDL would have to
> acquire a new backend to translate input to the plugin into their event
> structure, and would require some way of creating an appropriate video
> mode that can draw to a browser's window, etc. Java applets and Flash
> are built for this purpose whereas PyGame is built on a technology that
> was designed for programs that have their own window and tend to
> capture all the OS's input.
>
> --
> Ben Sizer
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From maric at aristote.info  Wed Jul 12 12:14:32 2006
From: maric at aristote.info (Maric Michaud)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:14:32 +0200
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607121814.34433.maric@aristote.info>

Le mercredi 12 juillet 2006 17:00, D a ?crit?:
> Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
> if any changes were made by just editing the text file?  I want to do
> this project the right way, but if it's going to be a big pain to
> implement the edit function, just modifying the text file directly
> isn't that big of a deal..

If you don't want to rely on third party libraries, and want a human-readable 
format I'll suggest using csv file format :

and this way ?

In [47]: class Z(object) :
   ....:     def __init__(self, val) : self.val = val
   ....:
   ....:

In [48]: lst = [Z(i) for i in range(2) + [ str(e) for e in range(2) ] ]

In [49]: [ (e, e.val) for e in lst ]
Out[49]:
[(<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c252c>, 0),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c27ac>, 1),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c23ac>, '0'),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c23ec>, '1')]

In [51]: csv.writer(file('config.csv', 'w')).writerows([ 
(type(i.val).__name__, i.val) for i in lst])

In [52]: print file('config.csv').read()
int,0
int,1
str,0
str,1


In [53]: l = [ Z(eval(class_)(val)) for class_, val in 
csv.reader(file('config.csv')) ]

In [54]: [ (e, e.val) for e in l ]
Out[54]:
[(<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c218c>, 0),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c260c>, 1),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c256c>, '0'),
 (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c25cc>, '1')]




-- 
_____________

Maric Michaud
_____________

Aristote - www.aristote.info
3 place des tapis
69004 Lyon
Tel: +33 426 880 097


From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 28 22:28:27 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 02:28:27 -0000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <12clhubn0kkg3ae@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-29, Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> wrote:

> I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
> module found here:
>
>   http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/

Oops, there isn't actually a link to pyparallel from that page
(I swear there used to be).  Here's the pyparallel page:

http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Here we are in
                                  at               America... when do we
                               visi.com            collect unemployment?


From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 07:20:52 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:20:52 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.10.44.27.181870@gmx.net>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44be0387_3@news.bluewin.ch>
	<pan.2006.07.19.10.44.27.181870@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44be15b1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <44be0387_3 at news.bluewin.ch>, Boris Borcic wrote:
> 
>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>> empty_list = []
>>> bool(empty_list) is False
>>> => True
>> it's just a pity that the symmetric expression
>>
>> list(False) is []
>>
>> doesn't hold.
> 
> You want the empty list to be a singleton!?

Oops,

list(False) == [], then.

BTW, be careful with 'singleton' when applying to aggregates - it took me a 
while to figure out you did not mean an obj X s.t. len(X)==1.


>  And I don't find
> `list(False)` to return an empty list be very obvious.

What would be your choice ?


From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Sun Jul 30 04:26:55 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 10:26:55 +0200
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
References: <20060728203007.GA10264@us.ibm.com>
Message-ID: <006a01c6b3b1$eb221320$0201a8c0@mcuf7>


----- Original Message ----- 
From: <malahal at us.ibm.com>
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 10:30 PM
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...


> Hi,
>     My string is a multi line string that contains "filename
>     <filename>\n" and "host <host>\n" entries among other things.
> 
>     For example: s = """ filename X
>                     host hostname1
>                     blah...
>                     host hostname2
>                     blah...
>                     filename Y
>                     host hostname3
>                     """
> Given a host name, I would like to get its filename (The closest
> filename reading backwards from the host line). I could read each line
> until I hit the host name, but I am looking for an RE that will do job.
> The answer should be "Y" for host hostname3 and "X" for either host
> hostname1 or hostname2.
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 
> --Malahal.
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


Malahal, may I make this suggestion:

##############

>>> import SE  # Cheese Shop

>>> Names_Filter = SE.SE (' <EAT> "~filename .*~=(10)=: " "~host .*~==, " ')
>>> print Names_Filter (s)

filename X: host hostname1, host hostname2, 
filename Y: host hostname3, 


Or: Without redundant words:

>>> Names_Filter = SE.SE (' <EAT> "~filename .*~=(10)=: " "~host .*~==, "  |  "filename ="  "host =" ", (10)=(10)"  "~, $~=(10)" ')
>>> print Names_Filter (s)

X: hostname1, hostname2
Y: hostname3


##############

Regards

Frederic




From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul  6 12:36:25 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 09:36:25 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
Message-ID: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Basically I am trying to find a high performance web server. Since
Python is installed on all of the servers, It'll be great if the web
server is written in Python as well. Otherwise, I will have to install
lighttpd or other web servers.

Then the largest issue with Python-based web servers is performance.
That's why I start to look into medusa or twisted-based servers. Twisted
seems too big and complicated for what I really want to do and the
original medusa web server only has very basic functionality.

And I'd like the web server to have CGI/FastCGI and possible SCGI
support for flexibility in application development. My applications
here are really internal testing or data provider tools. Am I asking
a lot? I think this is basic requirement for a web server these days :D

What it looks like is that, although there seem to be many Python http
servers available, there isn't really one that's simple, fast and
feature-rich (cgi/fcgi/scgi) - I guess I am asking too much ;-p
It seems that the only candidate that meetings the requirements but
"written in Python" is lighttpd.

Any recommendations? 




From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 13 17:03:30 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 23:03:30 +0200
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8120.1152798264.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8105.1152782354.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152794721.589796.221210@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8120.1152798264.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b6b3b9$0$21606$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Simon Brunning a ?crit :
> On 13 Jul 2006 05:45:21 -0700, John Henry <john106henry at hotmail.com> wrote:
> 
>>
>> Simon Brunning wrote:
>> >
>> > min(logflags)
>> >
>>
>> !!!
> 
> 
> Be aware that not only is this an outrageous misuse of min(),

+1 QOTW

Ho, my, I've already proposed another one today :(


From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:40:12 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:40:12 -0700
Subject: check type when assignment
References: <1152717310.209736.131020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152722412.088668.27710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

pipe,

In general it is not possible in one line. You have to do it before
hand or after with an if statement.

As a sidenote though you probably shouldn't use isinstance(), you might
need it less than you think you do, especially if you are using it to
check for some interface. For example, do you really care if bc is of
_type_ klass or just that bc just implements method x, y, z and has
arguments a, b,c? The two things seem to be the same, because they are
the same in C++ or Java, but they are not the same in Python. In Python
an interface and type inheritance can be orthogonal to each other. One
could add methods to objects or change them at will after
instantication such that the type hierarchy would be preserved but the
interface would be broken, or alternatively you could have an object of
a different type that fully implements the interface and  could easily
be used in the code but just because it doesn't pass the isinstance()
test it is flagged as un-usable.
So in your code you could just test for the interface (methods and/or
attributes) with hasattr(bc, 'method') or even better just call the
method and see what happens, if it doesn't exist it will raise an
exception.

A much better explanation about the use and abuse of isinstance() is
here:
http://www.canonical.org/~kragen/isinstance/

Hope this helps,
Nick V.

pipehappy wrote:
> Hello everyone:
>
> Is there a way to check the type when do assignment?
>
> if I write:
> ab = bc
> and want to make sure the return value of isinstance(bc, klass) is True
> or I will raise
> a exception.
> 
> Any suggestion?



From mrnull at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 16:56:54 2006
From: mrnull at gmail.com (h3m4n)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 16:56:54 -0400
Subject: check uploaded file's file size?
In-Reply-To: <1152369290.850029.294840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <_KFrg.597$HO5.34@fe07.lga>
	<1152369290.850029.294840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <u_Urg.8$qt2.4@fe06.lga>

> Try this
> 
> fileitem.seek(0, 2)  # Seek to the end of the file.
> filesize = fileitem.tell()  # Get the position of EOF.
> fileitem.seek(0)  # Reset the file position to the beginning.

thanks for the info.  i just had to change it from fileitem to 
fileitem.file, e.g. fileitem.file.seek(0, 2), and it worked fine.

- h3m4n


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Thu Jul  6 11:42:01 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 17:42:01 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> Well if someone explains what is wrong about my understanding, I
>AP> certainly care about that (although I confess to sometimes being
>AP> impatient) but someone just stating he is not sure I understand?

That is just a euphemistic way of stating `I think you do not understand
it'. 

>AP> So if I understand you correctly in code like:

>AP>   c.d = a
>AP>   b = a

>AP> All three names are searched for in all scopes between the local en global
>AP> one. That is what I understand with your statement that [python] always
>AP> uses the same search order.

The d is different because it is an attribute. So it is looked up in the
context of the object that is bound to c. For a, b, and c it is correct.

>AP> My impression was that python will search for c and a in the total current
>AP> namespace but will not for b.

The assignment to b inside the function (supposing the code above is part
of the function body) tells the compiler that b is a local variable. So the
search stops in the local scope. The search order is always from local to
global. First the current function, then nested function, then the module
namespace, and finally the builtins. The first match will stop the search.
Now for local variables inside a function, including the parameters, the
compiler will usually optimize the search because it knows already that it
is a local variable. But that is an implementation detail.

>>> But a variable that is bound
>>> inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
>>> the local namespace.

>AP> Aren't we now talking about implementation details? Sure the compilor
>AP> can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
>AP> so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
>AP> decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
>AP> the scopes higher up.

Yes, as I (and others) have already said several times: an assignment to a
variable inside a function body (but not an assignment to an attribute or
part of an object) without a global declaration makes that variable a local
variable. That is not an implementation detail; it is part of the language definition.

>AP> Let me explain a bit more. Suppose I'm writing a python interpreter
>AP> in python. One implemantation detail is that I have a list of active
>AP> scopes which are directories which map names to objects. At the
>AP> start of a new function the scope list is adapted and all local
>AP> variables are inserted to the new activated scope and mapped to
>AP> some "Illegal Value" object. Now I also have a SearchName function
>AP> that will start at the begin of a scope list and return the
>AP> first scope in which that name exists. The [0] element is the
>AP> local scope. Now we come to the line "b = a"

>AP> This could be then executed internally as follows:

>AP>   LeftScope = SearchName("b", ScopeList)
>AP>   RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
>AP>   LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]

>AP> But I don't have to do it this way. I already know in which scope
>AP> "b" is, the local one, which has index 0. So I could just as well
>AP> have that line exucuted as follows:

>AP>   LeftScope = ScopeList[0]
>AP>   RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
>AP>   LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]

>AP> As far as I understand both "implementations" would make for
>AP> a correct execution of the line "b = a" and because of the
>AP> second possibility, b is IMO not conceptually searched for in
>AP> the same way as a is searched for, although one could organise
>AP> things that the same code is used for both.

That is the optimization I spoke of above. But it is not the problem we
were discussing. Conceptually it is the same. It is similar to constant
folding (replacing x = 2+3 by x = 5).

>AP> Of course it is possible I completely misunderstood how python
>AP> is supposed to work and the above is nonesense in which case
>AP> I would appreciate it if you correct me.

>AP> Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword, to allow
>AP> rebinding a name in an intermediate scope. It is not that big a deal
>AP> that it hasn't, but I keep finding the result strange and somewhat
>AP> counterintuitive.
>>> 
>>> Maybe it would have been nice if variables could have been declared as
>>> nested, but I think it shows that nested variables have to be used with
>>> care, similar to globals. Especially not allowing rebinding in intermediate
>>> scopes is a sound principle (`Nested variables considered harmful').
>>> If you need to modify the objects which are bound to names in intermediate
>>> scopes, use methods and give these objects as parameters.

>AP> But shouldn't we just do programming in general with care? And if
>AP> Nested variables are harmfull, what is then the big difference
>AP> between rebinding them and mutating them that we should forbid
>AP> the first and allow the second?

There is no big difference I think. Only Python doesn't have syntax for the
former. Older versions of Python didn't even have nested scopes. maybe it
was a mistake to add them. I think an important reason was the use in
lambda expressions, which Guido also regrets IIRC.

>AP> I understand that python evolved and that this sometimes results
>AP> in things that in hindsight could have been done better. But
>AP> I sometimes have the impression that the defenders try to defend
>AP> those results as a design decision. With your remark above I have
>AP> to wonder if someone really thought this through at design time
>AP> and came to the conclusion that nested variables are harmfull
>AP> and thus may not be rebound but not that harmfull so mutation
>AP> is allowed and if so how he came to that conclusion.

I don't think that was the reasoning. On the other hand I think nested
scopes were mainly added for read-only access (to the namespace that is,
not to the values) . But then Python doesn't forbid you to change mutable
objects once you have access to them.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 02:55:06 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 08:55:06 +0200
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <1152772460.221208.205490@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b5e4b8$0$6693$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152772460.221208.205490@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b5ee4b$0$6679$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Kirt wrote:
> How do i append characters to a string?

I think the normal approach is to store an empty string (or list) in an
attribute in startElement(), append to it in characters() and use the result
in endElement().

def startElement(self, ...):
    self.chars = ''
def characters(self, s):
    self.chars += s
def endElement(self, ...):
    value = self.chars

Or use a list and do this:

def endElement(self, ...):
    value = ''.join(self.char_list)

Maybe you should consider switching to iterparse() of ElementTree or lxml.
Should be a bit easier to use than SAX ...

http://effbot.org/zone/element-iterparse.htm
http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk/doc/api.txt

Stefan


> Stefan Behnel wrote:
>> Kirt wrote:
>>> i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
>>> one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
>>> #------------------test1.xml
>>> <Directory>
>>>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
>>> w&amp;y </dirname>
>>>   <file>
>>>   <name>def.txt</name>
>>>   <time>200607130417</time>
>>>   </file>
>>> </Directory>
>>>  <Directory>
>>>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
>>> wx</dirname>
>>>   <file>
>>>   <name>abc.txt</name>
>>>   <time>200607130415</time>
>>>   </file>
>>> </Directory
>>>
>>> now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
>>> name.
>>> ###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
>>> from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
>>> class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
>>>                def __init__(self):
>>>   			self.dn = 0
>>>                 def startElement(self, name, attrs):
>>> 			if name=='dirname':
>>> 				self.dn=1
>>>
>>> 		def characters(self,str):
>>> 			if self.dn:
>>>                                print str
>>
>> The problem is here. "print" adds a newline. Don't use print, just append the
>> characters (to a string or list) until the endElement callback is called.
>>
>>
>>>                 def endElement(self, name):
>>> 			if name == 'dirname':
>>>                          	self.dn=0
>>>
>>>
>>> #---------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> #main code--- fname----art.py
>>> import sys
>>> from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
>>> from handlers import	oldHandler
>>>
>>> ch = oldHandler()
>>> saxparser = make_parser()
>>>
>>> saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
>>> saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
>>> #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
>>>
>>> i am getting output as:
>>>
>>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
>>> &
>>> y
>>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
>>>
>>> where as i need an output which should look like this.
>>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
>>>
>>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
>>>
>>> Can someone tell me the solution for this.
>>>
> 


From n8pease at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 16:16:38 2006
From: n8pease at yahoo.com (nate)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:16:38 -0700
Subject: import and global namespace
Message-ID: <1152648998.845948.64420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I'd like a module than I'm importing to be able to use objects in the
global namespace into which it's been imported.  is there a way to do
that?

thanks,
nate



From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 16:18:20 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 20:18:20 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <ggSug.29146$uy3.2489@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Darren New wrote:
> Now, if the "insert line into inputs" actually unset "line", then yes, 
> you're right, Hermes would complain about this.

Oh, I see. You translated from Hermes into Java, and Java doesn't have 
the "insert into" statement. Indeed, the line you commented out is 
*exactly* what's important for analysis, as it unsets line.

Had it been
   insert copy of line into inputs
then you would not have gotten any complaint from Hermes, as it would 
not have unset line there.

In this case, it's equivalent to
if (!is_line) line = getString();
if (!is_line) use line for something...
except the second test is at the top of the loop instead of the bottom.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul 24 12:04:10 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:04:10 GMT
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <_b6xg.14238$YO6.13301@tornado.texas.rr.com>

<ankitdesai at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1153756130.949228.182160 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
> I would like to parse a couple of tables within an individual player's
> SHTML page. For example, I would like to get the "Actual Pitching
> Statistics" and the "Translated Pitching Statistics" portions of Babe
> Ruth page (http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/ruthba01.shtml) and
> store that info in a CSV file.
>
> Also, I would like to do this for numerous players whose IDs I have
> stored in a text file (e.g.: cobbty01, ruthba01, speaktr01, etc.).
> These IDs should change the URL to get the corresponding player's
> stats. Is this doable and if yes, how? I have only recently finished
> learning Python (used the book: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist:
> Learning with Python). Thanks for your help...
>
Pyparsing and BeautifulSoup are both useful options to look into.

Also, take care not to run afoul of the terms of service for this site
(included below).  A strict interpretation of them probably prohibits what
you intend to do.

-- Paul


Restrictions

You agree to not use the Service:

* to upload, post, email, transmit or otherwise make available (A) any
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From justask at acme.com  Fri Jul 28 18:41:04 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 00:41:04 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<gj4kc2dig6o6rq1n3ejpp1o8u0gcpjog5o@4ax.com>
	<n4hkc25jjo0gtod461nuchsh3b0todr0u2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <dj4lc29krb5fn1vljv6kgere7ht9plj4du@4ax.com>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:33:00 GMT, Dennis Lee Bieber
<wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
>Well, syntax color coding, and block folding are supported by
>PythonWin (comes with the ActiveState Windows install) and SciTE.
>
>	The structural browser isn't as easy...

Thanks for the input.


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  9 16:28:13 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 13:28:13 -0700
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607091642350.8423@localhost>
Message-ID: <050001c6a396$348e4a00$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi john...

not sure exactly who i should talk to tabout this..but here goes...

i have the following piece of code... i'm trying to do a select form, and my
test throws an error...

i have the actual form "main" in the html, so it should find it... as far as
i can tell, i've followed the docs.. but i could be wrong. any thoughts?

the code, output, and partial html is below...

thoughts/comments/ideas/etc...

thanks

-bruce

test code
------------------------
  #get the semester page
  #get the 2nd semester/frame src url page
  br.open(url)
  response = br.response()  # this is a copy of response
  s = response.read()
  print response.read()
  print s
  #we now have the semester page...
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
  ff = d.xpath(fnamepath)
  fname = ff[0].nodeValue
  print "fname = ",fname
  br.select_form(name="main")<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< error happens....


output
------------------------
fname =  main
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./stest.py", line 156, in ?
    br.select_form(name="main")
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 352, in
select_form
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 296, in
forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 510, in forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 226, in forms
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/ClientForm.py", line 922, in
ParseResponse
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/ClientForm.py", line 952, in ParseFile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 95, in feed
    self.goahead(0)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 165, in goahead
    k = self.parse_declaration(i)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/markupbase.py", line 89, in parse_declaration
    decltype, j = self._scan_name(j, i)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/markupbase.py", line 378, in _scan_name
    self.error("expected name token at %r"
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/sgmllib.py", line 102, in error
    raise SGMLParseError(message)
sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'


partial html
-----------------------------------
</table>
<br />
<FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">







-----Original Message-----
From: wwwsearch-general-bounces at lists.sourceforge.net
[mailto:wwwsearch-general-bounces at lists.sourceforge.net]On Behalf Of
John J Lee
Sent: Sunday, July 09, 2006 9:51 AM
To: wwwsearch-general at lists.sf.net
Subject: Re: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors


On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, Titus Brown wrote:
[...]
> Define "better patch"...?  The code I sent out before lets ClientForm
> parse otherwise unparseable HTML, and it works fine.  I suppose it's
> less elegant than having two separate while loops; is that what you
> mean?

No, I just hate going one char at a time in Python.  Surely this should be
fixed somewhere else?  (I'm not sure where; I haven't looked recently)

If you've determined that fixing it elsewhere pulls in too much code or
requires a fix to stdlib code (if so, why?), maybe I should do as you
suggest anyway, but I don't like it.


> -> > The problem I have is that there's literally no way to pass
> -> > configuration parameters like 'ignore_errors' down from the
> -> > mechanize.Factory.forms() call.
> ->
> -> You can reimplement FormsFactory.  It's a trivial (if slightly verbose)
> -> class, right?
>
> I could do that, yes.  But I'd also need to redefine Factory.forms(),
> too, which calls FormsFactory.

Why?  You can supply your own FormsFactory, as DefaultFactory does.

[...]
> -> > Separately, it'd be nice if ignore_errors wasn't hardcoded as False
in
> -> > ParseFile ;).
> ->
> -> I'm not sure what you want here.  Could you send a patch?
>
> Line 914 of ClientForm.py should be changed to 'ignore_errors,'

Oh.  Sure, if I apply a patch to enable ignore_errors, I'll of course do
that too.


John



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From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul 29 12:47:37 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 16:47:37 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-28, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-28 15:20:52, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>>> Typically, "variable" implies a data storage location that can take on
>>> different values. Emphasis on "location" -- the name is fixed to a
>>> memory location whose contents can be varied.
>> 
>> That is not true. It may be the case in a number of languages but my
>> experience with lisp and smalltalk, though rather limited, says that no
>> such memory location is implied with the word "variable" in those
>> languages and AFAIK they don't have a problem with the word "variable"
>> either. 
>> 
>>> In Python, the closest would be a mutable object.
>
> Maybe this gets somewhere. Consider variable != constant. Python names are
> variables in that what they refer to (what is associated with them through
> a dict) can be changed, through various means (most commonly assignment).
> They are also variables in that what they refer to (usually) can be
> changed. Whether an assignment or some other command changes the reference
> association or the referenced object is one of the confusing issues with
> Python. But that doesn't make a variable less variable... :)

I think the important thing to remember is that the assignment in Python
is a alias maker and not a copy maker. In languages like C, Fortran,
pascal, the assignment makes a copy from what is on the righthand and
stores that in the variable on the lefthand. In languages like Lisp,
Smalltalk and Python, the assignment essentially makes the lefthand
an alias for the righthand.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From pjb at informatimago.com  Tue Jul  4 06:19:45 2006
From: pjb at informatimago.com (Pascal Bourguignon)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 12:19:45 +0200
Subject: languages with full unicode support
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151276031.641318@elch.in-berlin.de>
	<4gd3iiF1md4lcU1@individual.net> <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
	<1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de> <e8d4u9$sdf$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <873bdhvfi6.fsf@thalassa.informatimago.com>

Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> writes:

> Oliver Bandel schrieb:
>> Matthias Blume wrote:
>> 
>>> Tin Gherdanarra <tinman31337 at gmail.com> writes:
>>>
>>>
>>>> Oliver Bandel wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> ????? Xah-Lee san ;-)
>>>>
>>>> Uhm, I'd guess that Xah is Chinese. Be careful
>>>> with such things in real life; Koreans might
>>>> beat you up for this. Stay alive!
>>>
>>>
>>> And the Japanese might beat him up, too.  For butchering their
>>> language. :-)
>> OK, back to ISO-8859-1 :)  no one needs so much symbols,
>> this is enough: ??????? :)
>
> If you want ???????, anybody else will want their local characters,
> too, and nothing below full Unicode will work.
>
> Just for laughs, here's a list of non-ASCII Latin-based letters in
> Unicode (not verified for completeness):
>   ????????????????????????
>   ??????????
>   ????
>   ??????????????????
>   ????????
>   ????
>   ????????????????????
>   ??
>   ???
>   ?????????
>   ??
>   ???????????
>   ?????????????????????
>   ??????
>   ?????????
>   ??????
>   ???????????????????
>   ??
>   ??????
>   ??
>   ??????
>   ??
> ISO 8859-1 covers just a fraction of these, so Unicode would indeed be
> necessary to allow a program written in one country to compile in
> another one.

Indeed, far from complete:

(coerce (lschar :name "LATIN") 'string)
--> "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ????????????????????????????????????????????????????
     ??????????????????????????????????????????
     ??????????????????????????
     ????????????????"


-- 
__Pascal Bourguignon__                     http://www.informatimago.com/

READ THIS BEFORE OPENING PACKAGE: According to certain suggested
versions of the Grand Unified Theory, the primary particles
constituting this product may decay to nothingness within the next
four hundred million years.


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:02:31 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:02:31 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152543751.186771.113230@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Chris Smith wrote:
> > >
> > > But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice property
> > > called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to make one of a
> > > few choices: (a) give up encapsulation, which isn't too happy; (b) rely
> > > on type inference for this kind of stuff, and consider it okay if the
> > > type inference system breaks encapsulation; or (c) invent some kind of
> > > generic constraint language so that constraints like this could be
> > > expressed without exposing field names.  Choice (b) is incomplete, as
> > > there will often be times when I need to ascribe a type to a parameter
> > > or some such thing, and the lack of ability to express the complete type
> > > system will be rather limiting.  Choice (c), though, looks a little
> > > daunting.
> >
> > Damn the torpedoes, give me choice c!
>
> You and I both need to figure out when to go to sleep.  :)  Work's gonna
> suck tomorrow.

It's never been a strong point. Made worse now that my daughter
is one of those up-at-the-crack-of-dawn types, and not old enough
to understand why it's not nice to jump on mommy and daddy's
bed while they're still asleep. But aren't you actually a time zone
or two east of me?


> > I've been saying for a few years now that encapsulation is only
> > a hack to get around the lack of a decent declarative constraint
> > language.
>
> Choice (c) was meant to preserve encapsulation, actually.  I think
> there's something fundamentally important about information hiding that
> can't be given up.  Hypothetically, say I'm writing an accounting
> package and I've decided to encapsulate details of the tax code into one
> module of the application.  Now, it may be that the compiler can perform
> sufficient type inference on my program to know that it's impossible for
> my taxes to be greater than 75% of my annual income.  So if my income is
> stored in a variable of type decimal{0..100000}, then the return type of
> getTotalTax may be of type decimal{0..75000}.  Type inference could do
> that.

The fields of an object/struct/what have you are often hidden behind
a method-based interface (sometimes callled "encapsulated") only
because we can't control their values otherwise. (The "exposing
the interface" issue is a non-issue, because we're exposing some
interface or another no matter what.) The issue is controlling the
values, and that is better handled with a declarative constraint
language. The specific value in the fields aren't known until
runtime.

However for a function, the "fields" are the in and out parameters.
The specific values in the relation that the function is aren't known
until runtime either, (and then only the subset for which we actually
perform computation.)

Did that make sense?


> But the point here is that I don't WANT the compiler to be able to infer
> that, because it's a transient consequence of this year's tax code.  I
> want the compiler to make sure my code works no matter what the tax code
> is.  The last thing I need to to go fixing a bunch of bugs during the
> time between the release of next year's tax code and the released
> deadline for my tax software.  At the same time, though, maybe I do want
> the compiler to infer that tax cannot be negative (or maybe it can; I'm
> not an accountant; I know my tax has never been negative), and that it
> can't be a complex number (I'm pretty sure about that one).  I call that
> encapsulation, and I don't think that it's necessary for lack of
> anything; but rather because that's how the problem breaks down.

There's some significant questions in my mind about how much of
a constraint language would be static and how much would be
runtime checks. Over time, I'm starting to feel like it should be
mostly runtime, and only occasionally moving into compile time
at specific programmer request. The decidability issue comes up.

Anyone else?


> Just expressing all of that in a method signature looks interesting
> enough.  If we start adding abstraction to the type constraints on
> objects to support encapsulation (as I think you'd have to do), then
> things get even more interesting.

There are certainly syntactic issues, but I believe these are amenable
to the usual approaches. The runtime/compile time question, and
decidability seem bigger issues to me.


Marshall



From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 06:43:14 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 03:43:14 -0700
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
Message-ID: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I often have code like this:

data='asdfbasdf'
find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
for i in find:
   if i[0] in data:
       data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])

is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
increase the speed?

Thanks,
Matthew



From elmo at msnnotaol.com  Thu Jul  6 12:35:12 2006
From: elmo at msnnotaol.com (elmo)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 16:35:12 GMT
Subject: web app breakage with utf-8
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>

Hello, after two days of failed efforts and googling, I thought I had
better seek advice or observations from the experts. I would be grateful
for any input.

We have various small internal web applications that use utf-8 pages for
storing, searching and retrieving user input. They have worked fine for
years with non ASCII values, including Russian, Greek and lots of accented
characters. They still do on an old version of python (2.2.1), and there's
nothing in the code to decode/encode the input, it's *just worked*.

Recently however, while testing on a dev machine, I notice that any
characters outside ASCII are causing SQL statement usage to break with
UnicodeDecodeError exceptions with newer versions of python (2.3 and 2.4).
There are a number of threads online, suggesting converting to unicode
types, and similar themes, but I'm having no success. I am probably
completely misunderstaning something fundamental. :-( 

My first question is did something change for normal byte stream usage
making it more strict? I'm surprised there aren't more problems
like this online.

Is there a correct way to handle text input from a <FORM> when the page is
utf-8 and that input is going to be used in SQL statements? I've tried
things like (with no success): 
sql = u"select * from blah where col='%s'" % input

Doing sql = sql.decode('latin1') prior to execution prevents the
some UnicodeDecodeError exceptions, but the data retrieved from the tables
is no longer usable, causing breakage when being used to create the output
for the browser.


I really am at a loss for what is going wrong, when everything works fine
on crusty old 2.2.1. What are others doing for caputre, store, and output
for web utf-8?


Rgds,
Jason



From sxn02 at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:20:21 2006
From: sxn02 at yahoo.com (Sorin Schwimmer)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:20:21 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Tkinter's createfilehandler - attempt to run parallel threads
Message-ID: <20060727172021.44658.qmail@web56009.mail.re3.yahoo.com>

Hi,

The project that I'm working for runs a PostgreSQL database on a remote machine and several Python clients all over the place. The objects usualy have in their constructor a query to the database. As the query is executed on the remote machine, I'm trying to be fancy and execute it while building my Tkinter interface.

The following code illustrates what I'm attempting to do:

<code>
#! /usr/bin/python

from pg import DB
from Tkinter import *

class thrd:
  def __init__(s,r):
    print 'Executing __init__'
    db=DB('design',host='xx.xx.xx.xx',user='yyyy') # relevant IP and user needed
    print 'db=DB(...'
    tkinter.createfilehandler(db,tkinter.READABLE|tkinter.WRITABLE,s.th)
    print 'createfile...'
    Label(r,text='Let\'s see the results').grid()
    print 'Label...'
    s.b=Button(r,text='GO')
    print 's.b=Button...'
    s.b.bind('<Button-1>',s.rslt)
    print 's.b.bind...'
    s.b.grid()
    print 's.b.grid()'
    print '__init__ done'

  def th(s,db,msk):
    print '->Executing th'
    s.r=db.query('select * from customers limit 10').getresult() # some query
    print '->s.r=...'
    tkinter.deletefilehandler(db)
    print '->deletefile...'
    db.close()
    print '->db.close()'
    print '->th done'

  def rslt(s,e):
    for i in s.r:
      print i

if __name__=='__main__':
  r=Tk()
  t=thrd(r)
  r.mainloop()
</code>

The output is:Executing __init__

<code>
db=DB(...
createfile...
Label...
s.b=Button...
s.b.bind...
s.b.grid()
__init__ done
->Executing th
->s.r=...
->deletefile...
->db.close()
->th done
</code>

and it basicly shows that everything happens sequentialy. Pressing the button gives the expected result, so everything is correct. How can I obtain the desired parallelism?

Thanks,
Sorin

 		
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From cookedm+news at physics.mcmaster.ca  Tue Jul 18 16:58:27 2006
From: cookedm+news at physics.mcmaster.ca (David M. Cooke)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:58:27 -0400
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<qnkwtaazlj1.fsf@arbutus.physics.mcmaster.ca>
Message-ID: <qnkslkyzl3g.fsf@arbutus.physics.mcmaster.ca>

cookedm+news at physics.mcmaster.ca (David M. Cooke) writes:
>
> Bruno's already mentioned that iterators and generators aren't
> sequences. Numpy arrays act like the other sequence types:
>
>>>> a = numpy.array([])
>>>> a
> array([], dtype=int64)
>>>> len(a)
> 0
>>>> bool(a)
> False
>
> (0-dimensional numpy arrays are pathological anyways)

*cough* as a Numpy developer I should know better. Numpy arrays that
have more than one element don't work in a boolean context:

>>> a = numpy.array([1,2])
>>> bool(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()

The reason for this is that it really was a common source of errors,
because of the rich comparision semantics used. If a and b are numpy
arrays, 'a == b' is an array of booleans.

Numpy arrays of one element act like scalars in boolean contexts:

>>> a = numpy.array([0])
>>> bool(a)
False
>>> a = numpy.array([1])
>>> bool(a)
True

(this is partly because we define a comphensive hierarchy of scalar
types to match those available in C).

-- 
|>|\/|<
/--------------------------------------------------------------------------\
|David M. Cooke
|cookedm(at)physics(dot)mcmaster(dot)ca


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 17:49:54 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:49:54 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1154082007.253223.54360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154046444.873205.256120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154082007.253223.54360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154123394.769706.280080@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


thebjorn wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > Jan 31 to Feb 27: 27d (ex) 28d (in)
> > Jan 31 to Feb 28: 28d (ex) 1m 1d (in)
> > Jan 31 to Mar 01: 1m 1d (ex) 1m 2d (in)
> > So 1 day short of 1m 1d is not 1m 0 d???
>
> Exactly. Just as a person born on 1999-3-1 isn't a year old on
> 2000-2-29. Perfectly regular, consistent and reasonable.

Is a person born on 1993-08-01 a year old on 1994--07-31?

I don't understand. The examples that I showed went from the last day
of a month to the last day of another month. You justify a manifest
inconsistency in the results by reference to an example that goes from
the first day of a month to the last day of a month??

>
> > I'd call this unreasonable, inconsistent, anomalous -- especially
> > when on the same website you do 1993-01-31 plus 1 month, it
> > gives you 1993-02-28 (as I'd expect).
> 
> You're entitled to your opinion.

And you to yours :-)



From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:53:49 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:53:49 -0700
Subject: hash of hashes
In-Reply-To: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152647629.407751.25430@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


sfo wrote:
> how do i create a hash of hash similar to perl using dict in python
> $x{$y}{z}=$z

Haven't done any Perl in a long while (thankfully ;-) ) so I'm not
quite sure on your syntax there, but here's how to do it in Python:

>>> x = {'y': {'z': 'My value'}}
>>> x['y']['z']
'My value'

Much easier to understand than that crazy perl syntax!



From ahaas at airmail.net  Fri Jul  7 16:07:38 2006
From: ahaas at airmail.net (Art Haas)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 15:07:38 -0500
Subject: [ANNOUNCE] Thirty-third release of PythonCAD now available
Message-ID: <20060707200738.GB2210@artsapartment.org>

Hi.

I'm pleased to announce the thirty-third development release of PythonCAD,
a CAD package for open-source software users. As the name implies,
PythonCAD is written entirely in Python. The goal of this project is
to create a fully scriptable drafting program that will match and eventually
exceed features found in commercial CAD software. PythonCAD is released
under the GNU Public License (GPL).

PythonCAD requires Python 2.2 or newer. The interface is GTK 2.0
based, and uses the PyGTK module for interfacing to GTK. The design of
PythonCAD is built around the idea of separating the interface
from the back end as much as possible. By doing this, it is hoped
that both GNOME and KDE interfaces can be added to PythonCAD through
usage of the appropriate Python module. Addition of other PythonCAD 
interfaces will depend on the availability of a Python module for that
particular interface and developer interest and action.

The thirty-third release contains several major updates to the program.
Drawing operations have been greatly sped up when entities are added
to a drawing, modified, or deleted from a drawing. Users on older
hardware or machines with slower video systems will notice this
change immediately. A second large change in this release is the
completion of separating the interface code from the core code by
using the internal messaging system in place of object inheritance.
The third big change in this release is the formatting of the interface
text strings for internationalization, and a Spanish translation is
now available for users to install. It is hoped that more translations
appear in future releases. Additionally, a large number of smaller
improvements, enhancements, and bug fixes are also present in this
release.

A mailing list for the development and use of PythonCAD is available.
Visit the following page for information about subscribing and viewing
the mailing list archive:

http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pythoncad

Visit the PythonCAD web site for more information about what PythonCAD
does and aims to be:

http://www.pythoncad.org/

Come and join me in developing PythonCAD into a world class drafting
program!

Art Haas
-- 
Man once surrendering his reason, has no remaining guard against absurdities
the most monstrous, and like a ship without rudder, is the sport of every wind.

-Thomas Jefferson to James Smith, 1822


From Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU  Wed Jul 19 15:15:34 2006
From: Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU (Michael J. Fromberger)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:15:34 -0400
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
	<1153252105.248719.147020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Michael.J.Fromberger-C913FF.15153419072006@localhost>

In article <1153252105.248719.147020 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
 "Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote:

> Michael,
> You only need to call the __init__ method of the superclass if you need
> to do something special during initialization. 

Hi, Nick,

Thank you for responding.  I understand the purpose in invoking the 
superclasses' __init__ methods.  Let us take it as a given that I 
require this behaviour; the simple example does not show it, but I am 
using the same technique in a much more elaborate program, where in fact 
the superclass initialization is required.

> In general I just use the SuperClass.__init__(self,...) way of 
> calling the super class constructors.

Yes, and that certainly works just fine.  But it obviates the point of 
having super().  But perhaps that is the take-home message.

I do not want A's constructor to dispatch further along in the MRO for E 
for two reasons:  One, because the constructors along the (E D B) chain 
take different argument lists (in my real code) than the (E C A) path; 
and two, because I happen to care about the order in which the methods 
are invoked.

> In general note that  __init__ is NOT a constuctor it is an initializer

Yes, you're right; I apologize for the imprecision.  However, for the 
purposes of this example, the distinction is irrelevant.

Cheers,
-M

-- 
Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Fri Jul 28 10:47:23 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 07:47:23 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154098043.199448.16850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Ben Sizer wrote:
> Paul Boddie wrote:
> > Ben Sizer wrote:
> > >
> > > In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy,
> >
> > There are lots of multimedia and game frameworks for Python. Which ones
> > have you tried and why are they insufficient?
>
> PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was
> also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with
> hardware advances at all. On the graphical side you can opt for OpenGL,
> the Python library for which is also barely maintained (though I hear
> work is underway behind the scenes) and doesn't provide much more than
> a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only
> appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very
> popular.

I can only profess familiarity with Pygame which still seems to do more
or less what it always did, although I haven't kept up with the
community, but I have recently released a simple game which seems to
work quite well. By "simple", I mean two-dimensional playing areas,
pre-recorded soundtracks, retro-style gameplay.

If I were to get into OpenGL, I'd look at stuff like PyQt alongside
other traditional bindings, mostly because such frameworks - certainly
Qt, as far as I've seen from various reports - usually incorporate a
lot of effort resulting from a serious amount of developer attention to
integrating such technologies and making them work reliably in a number
of environments.

> Which other frameworks are you thinking of? I know of a variety of
> wrappers around individual libraries, and of wrappers around 3D engines
> such as Irrlicht and Ogre, but not much else.

If I were to consider other three-dimensional rendering technologies,
I'd probably look at things like Soya 3D, Panda3D and whatever other
people have dug up:

http://www.vrplumber.com/py3d.py

You also mentioned multimedia frameworks, and this is probably another
area where there are so many projects that it's hard to pick the good
ones.

> > Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring,
> > but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels.
>
> Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
> own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
> on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or
> independent site.

Once upon a time I used to advocate my WebStack framework as a solution
to this problem situation: WebStack applications run on BaseHTTPServer
or other monolithic servers (Webware, Twisted, Zope 2, Java Servlet),
but can also be deployed as CGI or in mod_python environments. The
apparent response to this advocacy (which was backed up by an actual
implementation) was that no-one needed such flexibility: an opinion
somewhat at odds with actual practice if you consider widely-deployed
applications such as ViewCVS/ViewVC, Trac, MoinMoin, and so on, where
all of these have provided their own server abstractions at least until
very recently.

Since that time, WSGI has emerged as an interoperability technology,
but the fundamental platform fragmentation issues remain, as everyone
attempts to show how easy it is to write "WSGI middleware". Moreover,
the server abstractions required by widely-deployed applications are
still necessary, and it is in precisely this area that framework
proliferation has occurred.

> There are probably some hosts that will provide
> shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not
> exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with
> PHP or ASP, for example.

I think the attitude has been that if you're not willing to lay out the
bucks (albeit not quite as much as it used to be now that virtual
private servers are becoming commonplace), the big players in the
frameworks scene aren't willing to pay you much attention. But as
applications like ViewCVS show, many people appreciate Web application
deployment on low-end hosting, and that not all Web applications are
part of some big Web 2.0 rollout.

> And even with the full framework approach, the
> field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community
> support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate
> there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never
> be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think
> a critical mass of users is important with any technology.

I've said this a few times now, but it's worth repeating: when WSGI was
proposed as the next great thing in Python Web standardisation (a topic
in which no-one had any substantial interest until PHP/Ruby were
considered ahead of Python in certain much-discussed decisions), it was
formulated in such a way as to stay off the turf already occupied by
the significant Python frameworks of the time. The consequence of that
decision has been a slight, one centimetre upward movement of the
Python Web scene's "healthy competition" in the entire "framework
stack".

> I'm in a similar situation to the original poster; I'd like to use
> Turbogears for an app I want to write, but will probably end up doing
> it in PHP instead, because I can't get dedicated hardware or a local
> host for Turbogears. (Never mind the lack of documentation.)

Sorry to hear that! This point was probably raised a while ago on the
Web-SIG mailing list, and if you're bothered, I'm sure you can track
down whatever reasoning was put forward for the neglect of this
particular usage situation throughout the major frameworks.

> > Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the
> > two technologies together.
>
> It's a fair point, but on the other hand, saying "if you want it doing,
> do it yourself" doesn't objectively improve the status quo. If
> something doesn't exist, it doesn't exist, and it's valid to comment
> upon that fact.

Well, returning to the original point, Oracle database modules have
existed for more than ten years and are presumably a mature area now.
Meanwhile, Django seemed to favour PostgreSQL as an RDBMS last time I
checked. All it takes is someone to stick their neck out and finish the
job - an activity which can admittedly seem suspended for years,
considering the varying levels of support for different database
systems in Webware's MiddleKit persistence layer over its lifetime.

Paul



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 11:49:22 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:49:22 -0700
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152198594.917100.238600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152892162.551353.66980@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
...
> I usually use this with assert statements when I need to check a
> sequence. Rather than:
>
> for something in something_else: assert expression
>
> I say
>
> assert False not in (expression for something in something_else)
>
> This way the whole assert statement will be removed if you use the '-O'
> switch to the python interpreter.  (It just occurred to me that that's
> just an assumption on my part.  I don't know for sure that the
> interpreter isn't smart enough to remove the first form as well.  I
> should check that. ;P )

FWIW I did just check that and it seems valid, the second form gets
"optimized" away.

File delme.py:
import dis

N = (True, True, False)

def a():
    for n in N:
        assert n

def b():
    assert False not in (n for n in N)

dis.dis(a)
print '==============================='
dis.dis(b)


Results of running it without '-O':
$ python delme.py
  8           0 SETUP_LOOP              28 (to 31)
              3 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (N)
              6 GET_ITER
        >>    7 FOR_ITER                20 (to 30)
             10 STORE_FAST               0 (n)

  9          13 LOAD_FAST                0 (n)
             16 JUMP_IF_TRUE             7 (to 26)
             19 POP_TOP
             20 LOAD_GLOBAL              2 (AssertionError)
             23 RAISE_VARARGS            1
        >>   26 POP_TOP
             27 JUMP_ABSOLUTE            7
        >>   30 POP_BLOCK
        >>   31 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             34 RETURN_VALUE
===============================
 13           0 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (False)
              3 LOAD_CONST               1 (<code object <generator
expression> at 0xb7d89ca0, file "delme.py", line 13>)
              6 MAKE_FUNCTION            0
              9 LOAD_GLOBAL              1 (N)
             12 GET_ITER
             13 CALL_FUNCTION            1
             16 COMPARE_OP               7 (not in)
             19 JUMP_IF_TRUE             7 (to 29)
             22 POP_TOP
             23 LOAD_GLOBAL              2 (AssertionError)
             26 RAISE_VARARGS            1
        >>   29 POP_TOP
             30 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             33 RETURN_VALUE


Results of running it with '-O':
$ python -O delme.py
  8           0 SETUP_LOOP              14 (to 17)
              3 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (N)
              6 GET_ITER
        >>    7 FOR_ITER                 6 (to 16)
             10 STORE_FAST               0 (n)

  9          13 JUMP_ABSOLUTE            7
        >>   16 POP_BLOCK
        >>   17 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
             20 RETURN_VALUE
===============================
 13           0 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              3 RETURN_VALUE



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 14:09:37 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:09:37 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>> 
> (snip)
>>>>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>>>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
>>>>in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages
>>>
>>>Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?
>> 
>> 
>> Whatever, if both C and Lisp can both talk about variables, I don't
>> see why python can't
>
> Guess where the term "binding" comes from.

I don't see how that is relevant.

>>>>to use
>>>>the term.
>>>
>>>IYO.
>> 
>> 
>> So? The statement that python doesn't has variables is just your opinion.
>
> The statement that "Python doesn't has variables" is meant to emphasis
> the very difference between C-like variables and Python bindings.

And why should that be relevant? Lisp-like variables are different
from C-like variables, but that doesn't stop us from using the
word "variable". So why should the difference between C-like
variables and Python bindings be important enough to no longer
use that word.

>>>>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>>>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>>>>values.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>That is just an implementation issue. 
>
> yes, your favourite argument ever.

What is your point? That it is my favourite argument ever doesn't
make it wrong or invalid. If you have an issue with it, bring
your arguments. The fact is that if you don't want to use the
word variable, you can't rely on current implementation details,
because implementation details can change without the language
changing.

> FWIW, the module and the classes namespaces are really implemented with
> dicts. Functions namespaces are not IIRC, but I can't find the link no more.

If you use __slots__, the class namespaces is implemented as a list.
Unless when you add __dict__ to the slots, in that case you have
some kind of hybrid system.

>>>>>So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>>>>than a name.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
>>>
>>>Yes : it holds type and storage class informations too.
>> 
>> 
>> If you want so. But that is totally irrelevant for considering
>> something as a variable or not. 
>
> This is relevant when talking about the difference between C variables
> and Python bindings.

It is irrelevant because the word "variable" is used in a lot of
different languages. A lot of them with behaviour closer to python
than to C. The difference between C variables and Python bindings
is only relevant if it can give you an argument for why we shouldn't
use "variable" when discussing python.

>> If someone would wish to extend
>> python with a type system, 
>
> In case you don't know, it already has one.

I'll be more clearer: If someone wants to extend python with
a kind of static typing, where you could limit names binding only
to objects of a certain number of classes, it wouldn't essentially
change what could be done with names in python, but the names would now
hold type information too. So whether a name carries type information
or not, has little relevance to whether the term "variable" is appropiate
or not.

>>>>The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>>>>will hold something.
>>>
>>>The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
>>>stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
>>>bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
>>>direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits.
>>  
>> That doesn't need to be. A C-implementation could use directories.
>
> "could", yes. But I'm not talking about language grammar.

Neither am I, I am talking about language semantics.
If a C-implementation could use directories, that means
that directories can be used to capture the C-semantics. 
So whether the implementation uses direct translation
from name to memory to bits or uses directories, it
doesn't change one bit what one can do with a variable
in the language.

Besides, you don't seem to have a problem talking about
Lisp-variables, and Lisp-variables don't have such
a direct translation from symbolic name to memory
address either. So this specific detail of most C-implementations
seems mostly irrelevant to me.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 18 03:36:38 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 09:36:38 +0200
Subject: XMLRPC Solution Code
In-Reply-To: <e9hvaa$2dj$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9hvaa$2dj$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <44BC8F86.7090604@designaproduct.biz>


> I'm afraid you'll need to Google for "python windows service" or 
> similar: in essence the main thing the service has to do (besides serve) 
> is ensure a continuous flow of messages through the system. It's ugly, 
> but people have done it before.
>   
Also don't forget to "Allow the service interact with the desktop" - 
otherwise you will not be able to start GUI applications from the service.

   Laszlo



From junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 05:20:32 2006
From: junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com (SuperHik)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 11:20:32 +0200
Subject: Grail not downloading
In-Reply-To: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea4np2$8j6$1@ss408.t-com.hr>

Dustan wrote:
> Does anybody know anything about Grail?  I've been  unable to get at
> it, and I've tried on both Windows and Macintosh machines.
> 
> http://grail.sourceforge.net/
> 

http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/grail/grail-0.6.tgz?download


From luismgz at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 23:58:16 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (Luis M. Gonzalez)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 00:58:16 -0300
Subject: Best Python web-hosting?
Message-ID: <000501c69f1e$19573a20$c51ce818@luis>

Hi Walter,

I just read your message about "dollar-hosting.org" that you posted a couple months ago,
and I wonder how was your experience with this service so far.

How does mod_python work?
Are the basic handlers properly configured? (publisher, psp)
Is it easy to use?

Is it possible to install other scripts on demand, like cheetah or mysqldb ...?

Well, sorry to ask so many questions...
I'm just looking for a cheap hosting but it seems hard to find with these features...

Thanks in advance and best regards,
LUIS

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From dpickles at pacbell.net  Thu Jul 13 19:46:16 2006
From: dpickles at pacbell.net (dylpkls91)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 16:46:16 -0700
Subject: Problem Solved
In-Reply-To: <1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thank you all for your responses.

I have managed to figure out a solution using XML RPC which fits my
needs perfectly.



From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 02:50:32 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 23:50:32 -0700
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152514232.682434.51070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Robert Kern skrev:

> Sheldon wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I am trying to build a large array using concatenate function in
> > python.
> > So as I loop over the number of arrays, of which there are 12 (4 down
> > and 3 across), I create 3 long arrays by concatenating them at the
> > bottom and then concatenating them side by side:
>
> [snip]
>
> > print 'Max lat', max(max(ppslat_all)), '\t','Min lat',
> > min(min(ppslat_all))
> > print 'Max lon', max(max(ppslon_all)), '\t','Min lon',
> > min(min(ppslon_all))
> >
> > *****************
> > Now this works, the array size is correct but the longitude values
> > given for max and min are wrong. What is even stranger to me is that
> > when I write the array in binary format to a file and read it with
> > Matlab, the max and min are correct but when I read it back with python
> > the max and min are again incorrect for only the longitude data. I
> > saved the max and min for the longitude for each array and then check
> > it in the python program and they are correct at the end but the
> > max(max(ppslon)) values is incorrect.  Does anyone knows why this is
> > so?
> > If I was doing something wrong then Matlab would not have returned
> > correct values.
>
> Don't use min() and max() on multidimensional arrays. They won't give sensible
> answers.
>
>
> In [11]: a = RA.random([3,5])
>
> In [12]: a
> Out[12]:
> array([[ 0.01721657,  0.64291363,  0.33210659,  0.89887972,  0.24437849],
>         [ 0.88205348,  0.00839329,  0.35999039,  0.9966411 ,  0.54957126],
>         [ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076]])
>
> In [13]: min(a)
> Out[13]: array([ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076])
>
>
> The builtin min() and max() compare the values in the sequence. In this case,
> those values are the rows of the arrays. Numeric uses rich comparisons, so the
> result of a comparison is a boolean array. Numeric also has the convention that
> if any of the elements of an array are considered to be True, then the whole
> array is.
>
>
> In [16]: a[1] < a[2]
> Out[16]: array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0])
>
> In [17]: bool(_)
> Out[17]: True
>
> In [18]: a[2] < a[1]
> Out[18]: array([1, 0, 1, 1, 1])
>
> In [19]: bool(_)
> Out[19]: True
>
>
> This makes min(a) incorrect when len(a.shape) > 1. Instead, use the minimum and
> maximum ufuncs provided with Numeric:
>
>
> In [21]: N.minimum.reduce(a.flat)
> Out[21]: 0.0083932917161983426
>
> In [22]: N.maximum.reduce(a.flat)
> Out[22]: 0.99664110397663608
>
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco

Thanks a million!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Now I can sleep better.

/Sheldon



From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 03:25:13 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 00:25:13 -0700
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <44b5ee4b$0$6679$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b5e4b8$0$6693$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152772460.221208.205490@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b5ee4b$0$6679$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1152775513.405484.204510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

thanx stefan ur approach worked.

Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Kirt wrote:
> > How do i append characters to a string?
>
> I think the normal approach is to store an empty string (or list) in an
> attribute in startElement(), append to it in characters() and use the result
> in endElement().
>
> def startElement(self, ...):
>     self.chars = ''
> def characters(self, s):
>     self.chars += s
> def endElement(self, ...):
>     value = self.chars
>
> Or use a list and do this:
>
> def endElement(self, ...):
>     value = ''.join(self.char_list)
>
> Maybe you should consider switching to iterparse() of ElementTree or lxml.
> Should be a bit easier to use than SAX ...
>
> http://effbot.org/zone/element-iterparse.htm
> http://codespeak.net/svn/lxml/trunk/doc/api.txt
>
> Stefan
>
>
> > Stefan Behnel wrote:
> >> Kirt wrote:
> >>> i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
> >>> one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
> >>> #------------------test1.xml
> >>> <Directory>
> >>>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
> >>> w&amp;y </dirname>
> >>>   <file>
> >>>   <name>def.txt</name>
> >>>   <time>200607130417</time>
> >>>   </file>
> >>> </Directory>
> >>>  <Directory>
> >>>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
> >>> wx</dirname>
> >>>   <file>
> >>>   <name>abc.txt</name>
> >>>   <time>200607130415</time>
> >>>   </file>
> >>> </Directory
> >>>
> >>> now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
> >>> name.
> >>> ###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
> >>> from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
> >>> class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
> >>>                def __init__(self):
> >>>   			self.dn = 0
> >>>                 def startElement(self, name, attrs):
> >>> 			if name=='dirname':
> >>> 				self.dn=1
> >>>
> >>> 		def characters(self,str):
> >>> 			if self.dn:
> >>>                                print str
> >>
> >> The problem is here. "print" adds a newline. Don't use print, just append the
> >> characters (to a string or list) until the endElement callback is called.
> >>
> >>
> >>>                 def endElement(self, name):
> >>> 			if name == 'dirname':
> >>>                          	self.dn=0
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> #---------------------------------------------------------------------
> >>> #main code--- fname----art.py
> >>> import sys
> >>> from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
> >>> from handlers import	oldHandler
> >>>
> >>> ch = oldHandler()
> >>> saxparser = make_parser()
> >>>
> >>> saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
> >>> saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
> >>> #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> >>> i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
> >>>
> >>> i am getting output as:
> >>>
> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
> >>> &
> >>> y
> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> >>>
> >>> where as i need an output which should look like this.
> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
> >>>
> >>> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> >>>
> >>> Can someone tell me the solution for this.
> >>>
> >



From bjourne at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 10:45:26 2006
From: bjourne at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?BJ=F6rn_Lindqvist?=)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 16:45:26 +0200
Subject: cookielib incorrectly escapes cookie
Message-ID: <740c3aec0607050745t40b5860bh32faf433e4060a69@mail.gmail.com>

Hello,

I have some very serious trouble getting cookes to work. After a lot
of work (urllib2 is severly underdocumented, arcane and overengineerd
btw) I'm finally able to accept cookes from a server. But I'm still
unable to return them to a server. Specifically the script im trying
to do logs on to a server, get a session cookie and then tries to
access a secure page using the same session cookie. But the cookie
header cookielib produces is very different from the header it
received.

This example demonstrates it:

import cookielib
import urllib
import urllib2

# Install an opener that can handle cookies
policy = cookielib.DefaultCookiePolicy(rfc2965 = True)
cj = cookielib.CookieJar(policy)
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

# Login to the server
url = "http://server/dologin.htm"
params = urllib.urlencode({"user" : "foo", "pass" : "pwd"})

req = urllib2.Request(url, params)
handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)

# So far so good, the request should have added a cookie to the jar.
# The cookie header looks like this:
#
#   Set-Cookie: SessionId="acf941a1fb4895ed"; Version=1; Path=/
#
assert len(cj) == 1

# Hack around the code in cookielib.CookieJar._cookie_attrs(),
# specifically the part that quotes, search for "quote_re" in the
# file cookielib.py.
cj._cookies_for_request(req)[0].version = 0

# Now request a secure page from the server
req = urllib2.Request("http://server/secure.htm")
cj.add_cookie_header(req)
handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)

# Here is where it doesn't work unless the hack is applied. The cookie
# header that is sent without the hack looks like this:
#
#   Cookie: $Version=1; SessionId=\"66b908e5025d93ed\"; $Path="/"
#
# It is not accepted by the server, probably because the SessionID
# string is wrong.

-- 
mvh Bj?rn


From bayazee at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 12:56:52 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 09:56:52 -0700
Subject: Embedding exe file
Message-ID: <1153069012.619772.325170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

hi
how i can Embed an exe file in python program ?
i want read an exe file then convert it to base64 and store in a string
format and Embedd in python code such this :

Exe='''R0lGODdhFQAVAPMAAAQ2PESapISCBASCBMTCxPxmNCQiJJya/ISChGRmzPz+/PxmzDQyZ
DQyZDQyZDQyZCwAAAAAFQAVAAAElJDISau9Vh2WMD0gqHHelJwnsXVloqDd2hrMm8pYYiSHYfMMRm
53ULlQHGFFx1MZCciUiVOsPmEkKNVp3UBhJ4Ohy1UxerSgJGZMMBbcBACQlVhRiHvaUsXHgywTdyc
...'''

then i want execute it without converting and saving it in a separate
exe file . in the other hand i want Embedding exe file ...
how i can do it ??
ThanX for Answers ...!!

--------------------------------
First Iranian Python Community --> www.python.ir



From simon at brunningonline.net  Wed Jul 26 04:46:16 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:46:16 +0100
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607260146i859768dqbd43de07b1d52ecd@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/26/06, Steve Jobless <sjobless at rotten.apple.commie> wrote:
>     If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
> someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
> horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work with.

If you work with cowboys, not Python nor any other language can help
you. Bad code can be written in any language.

Rigorously enforced standards re unit tests might be of benefit, though.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 22:16:02 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 02:16:02 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <2oDsg.14592$Wh7.11783@trnddc07>
References: <1149829487.457604.17510@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1149863687.298352.45980@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk> <4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net>
	<7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk>
	<MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net>
	<1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net>
	<1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net>
	<4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<2oDsg.14592$Wh7.11783@trnddc07>
Message-ID: <CRDsg.56590$181.46496@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

J?rgen Exner wrote:
> David Hopwood wrote:
> [...]
> 
> There is no such error message listed in 'perldoc perldiag'.
> Please quote the actual text of your error message and include the program 
> that produced this error.
> Then people here in CLPM may be able to assist you.

Yes, I'm well aware that most of this thread has been off-topic for c.l.p.m,
but it is no less off-topic for the other groups (except possibly c.l.functional),
and I can't trim the Newsgroups line down to nothing.

Don't you have a newsreader that can mark whole threads that you don't want
to read?

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 22:19:48 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 19:19:48 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >> Marshall schrieb:
> >>> I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
> >>> imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
> >>> is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
> >>> more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?
> >> Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.
> >
> > Okay, sure. Nice explanation.
> >
> > But one minor point: you describe this as an issue with "imperative"
> > languages. But aliasing is a problem associated with pointers,
> > not with assignment.
>
> Aliasing is not a problem if the aliased data is immutable.

Okay, sure. But for the problem you describe, both imperativeness
and the presence of pointers is each necessary but not sufficient;
it is the two together that causes the problem. So it strikes
me (again, a very minor point) as inaccurate to describe this as
a problem with imperative languages per se.


>  > One can have assignment, or other forms
> > of destructive update, without pointers; they are not part of the
> > definition of "imperative."
>
> Sure.
> You can have either of destructive updates and pointers without
> incurring aliasing problems. As soon as they are combined, there's trouble.

Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
for certain problems. Pointers on the other hand add nothing except
efficiency and a lot of confusion. They should be considered an
implementation technique only, hidden behind some pointerless
computational model.

I recognize that this is likely to be a controversial opinion.



> Functional programming languages often drop assignment entirely. (This
> is less inefficient than one would think. If everything is immutable,
> you can freely share data structures and avoid some copying, and you can
> share across abstraction barriers. In programs with mutable values,
> programmers are forced to choose the lesser evil of either copying
> entire data structures or doing a cross-abstraction analysis of who
> updates what elements of what data structure. A concrete example: the
> first thing that Windows does when accepting userland data structures
> is... to copy them; this were unnecessary if the structures were immutable.)

I heartily support immutability as the default, for these and other
reasons.


> Some functional languages restrict assignment so that there can exist at
> most a single reference to any mutable data structure. That way, there's
> still no aliasing problems, but you can still update in place where it's
> really, really necessary.

Are we speaking of uniqueness types now? I haven't read much about
them, but it certainly seems like an intriguing concept.


> I know of no professional language that doesn't have references of some
> kind.

Ah, well. I suppose I could mention prolog or mercury, but then
you used that troublesome word "professional." So I will instead
mention a language which, if one goes by number of search results
on hotjobs.com for "xxx progammer" for different value of xxx, is
more popular than Java and twice as popular as C++. It lacks
pointers (although I understand they are beginning to creep in
in the latest version of the standard.) It also posesses a quite
sophisticated set of facilities for declarative integrity constraints.
Yet for some reason it is typically ignored by language designers.

http://hotjobs.yahoo.com/jobseeker/jobsearch/search_results.html?keywords_all=sql+programmer


Marshall



From eight02645999 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 06:21:21 2006
From: eight02645999 at yahoo.com (eight02645999 at yahoo.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 03:21:21 -0700
Subject: gathering some opinions
Message-ID: <1152008481.355016.58280@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hi
i am working on cgi and wish to gather some input on correct/often used
methods of what i am going to do.
I need to let the user choose (in the form of check boxes) whether they
need the data to be emailed to them periodically. So if they click the
check box on "activate", then email system will start.
I was thinking of creating schedular jobs after they click "activate".
In windows, i have read the demos of creating a job in task schedular
using the win32 modules..In unix, i am not sure how yet, but i will do
more research. The main thing is, is this the only way ? Sometimes,
there is not enough privlege to create jobs and things like that...
anyone has done such a setup before?what are other better approach?
thanks for any suggestions and inputs...



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 02:20:26 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 23:20:26 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152512426.559387.217260@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
> quick hack
>
> def thefunc(s):
>     return s = "||" + s + ">>"

>>> def thefunc(s):
    return s = "||" + s + ">>"
SyntaxError: invalid syntax



From robin at alldunn.com  Sun Jul 16 02:53:53 2006
From: robin at alldunn.com (Robin Dunn)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:53:53 -0700
Subject: ANN: wxPython 2.6.3.3
Message-ID: <44B9E281.4010508@alldunn.com>

Announcing
----------

The 2.6.3.3 release of wxPython is now available for download at
http://wxpython.org/download.php.  This is a mostly bug fix release
and also includes builds for Python 2.5 on Mac and also Windows.  A
summary of other changes is listed below and at
http://wxpython.org/recentchanges.php.


What is wxPython?
-----------------

wxPython is a GUI toolkit for the Python programming language. It
allows Python programmers to create programs with a robust, highly
functional graphical user interface, simply and easily. It is
implemented as a Python extension module that wraps the GUI components
of the popular wxWidgets cross platform library, which is written in
C++.

wxPython is a cross-platform toolkit. This means that the same program
will usually run on multiple platforms without modifications.
Currently supported platforms are 32-bit Microsoft Windows, most Linux
or other Unix-like systems using GTK2, and Mac OS X 10.2+, in most
cases the native widgets are used on each platform.


Changes in 2.6.3.3
------------------

wx.lib.pubsub updates from Oliver Schoenborn:
     - fixed the hash problem with non-hashable objects
     - now supports listeners that use \*args as an argument
       (listener(\*args) was not passing the validity test)
     - corrected some mistakes in documentation
     - added some clarifications (hopefully useful for first time
       users)
     - changed the way singleton is implemented since old way prevented
       pydoc etc from extracting docs for Publisher

DocView and ActiveGrid IDE updates from Morgan Hua:
     New Features: In Tab-View mode, Ctrl-number will take the user to
     the numbered tab view.  Modified files now show an '*' astrisk in
     the view title.  Debugger framework can now support PHP debugging.
     Not important for python development, but at least that means the
     debugger framework is more generalized.

wx.lib.mixins.listctrl.TextEditMixin: Fixed the double END_LABEL_EDIT
event problem in TextEditMixin by checking if the editor was already
hidden before continuing with the CloseEditor method.  Also added code
to OpenEditor to send the BEGIN_LABEL_EDIT event and to not allow the
opening of the editor to continue if the event handler doesn't allow
it.

Undeprecated wx.GetNumberFromUser and added wx.NumberEntryDialog.

Made necessaary changes for building wxPython for Python 2.5.  There
may still be some issues related to the new Py_ssize_t type and 64-bit
machines, but at least all compile errors and warnings related to it
have been resolved.


-- 
Robin Dunn
Software Craftsman
http://wxPython.org  Java give you jitters?  Relax with wxPython!



From rune.strand at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 19:06:20 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 16:06:20 -0700
Subject: urllib2 on Windows Vista
In-Reply-To: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152399980.071542.322960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Sriram  Krishnan wrote:
> I'm running Python 2.4.3 on Windows Vista June CTP. I'm not able to
> open any site using the urllib2 and related family of modules

My wil guess is that it is a firewall problem. Perhaps you'll have to
specify that python.exe is trusted.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul 15 10:50:35 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 14:50:35 GMT
Subject: dict = no ordered keys = no slicing
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>
	<slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1152900443.258787.176110@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebi05q.njb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-14, Nick Vatamaniuc <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote:
>>I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
>> iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order.
>
> Antoon,
>
> First of all there is a distinction between ordered and un-ordered data
> types. You can only slice ordered data types. Lists and tuples are
> ordered while the keyset (note the _set_ part) of a dictionary is a set
> - it is un-ordered and consists of unique elements, the keys.

That doesn't has to be. Let as talk about a mapping. A mapping is
a way to associate a key with a value. Now one way to implement
a mapping is a hash table, this is how python dictionaries
are implemented. 

Now I have an other mapping implementation, look at:

  http://www.pardon-sleeuwaegen.be/antoon/avltree.html

Now this mapping type has as a property that the order
of the keys is somehow stored with it, so that each
time you call the keys, values, or items methods, you
will get a list according the order of the keys. (The
same goes for the itervariants).

> Besides, I don't really understand what you mean by saying "a tree acts
> like a dictionary"? You don't really iterate over the dictionary
> because the keys are not in order! Remeber that. The confusing part is
> that ks=dic.keys() will return a list so that makes you think ks[0] is
> somehow first for some reason, but it shouldn't be.

My module is implemented to have that property. It is called a tree
because the implementation is a tree. May be with the API provided
you think a tree is not a good name for this class and you may
have a point there, but that is not what this discussion is about.

> You see, dictionaries were there in Python before sets(), that is why
> when sets are supposed to be used a dictionary or list is used. keys()
> is one of these example. Hopefully this will change in P3K so that the
> key_set_ of a dictionary is a set() so people don't get confused.

And what do you think should be the result of keys of my Tree class?

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 12:20:11 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:20:11 +0200
Subject: check type when assignment
In-Reply-To: <4hkkieF15h8U1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152717310.209736.131020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4hkkieF15h8U1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44b5213c$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> pipehappy wrote:
> 
> 
>>Hello everyone:
>>
>>Is there a way to check the type when do assignment?
>>
>>if I write:
>>ab = bc
>>and want to make sure the return value of isinstance(bc, klass) is True
>>or I will raise
>>a exception.
> 
> 
> In general, not doable. The assignment operator is not overloadable.
> 
> Only if you use assignments of the form
> 
> a.foo = bar
> 
> you could overwrite the __setattribute__-method 

(Or use a Descriptor)

> to achieve what you want. 


> 
> Diez


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sat Jul 22 20:49:01 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 20:49:01 -0400
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153604445.246639.81270@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9uh1t$ud9$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153604445.246639.81270 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> Tim,
>
> An object is iterable if it implements the iterator protocol

There are presently two iterator protocols.  The old one will be likely be 
dropped in 3.0 (currently being discussed).

>. A good
> enough check to see if it does is to check for the presense of the
> __iter__() method. The way to do it is:
> hasattr(object,'__iter__')

Sorry, this check for the newer and nicer protocol but not the older one.

>>> hasattr('abc', '__iter__')
False

This may change in 2.6.  The defacto *version-independent* way to determine 
iterability is to call iter(ob).  If it returns an iterator, you can 
iterate; if it raises TypeError, you cannot.  Any it should be patched as 
necessary by the developers to continue doing the right thing in future 
versions.

Terry Jan Reedy





From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 11 20:43:18 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 02:43:18 +0200
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

girish at it.usyd.edu.au a ?crit :
> Hi,
>  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length >=2.
> Also,
> each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> versa.
>  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
>  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'],
> ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
> 
>  I've tried the following but i cant prevent duplicates and i'm missing
> some substrings:
> 
> 
>>>>colocn = 'abcd'
>>>>k = 4
>>>>for i in range(k-1):
> 
>             for j in range(1,k):
>                 rule1 = [colocn[i:i+j],colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:]]
>                 rule2 = [colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:],colocn[i:i+j]]
>                 rules.append(rule1)
>                 rules.append(rule2)
> 
>>>>rules
> 
> [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['abc', 'd'],
> ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'],
> ['bcd', 'a'], ['a', 'bcd'], ['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'], ['cd', 'ab'],
> ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['ab', 'cd']]
> 
> 
> Any ideas??

Algorithmic problem.

First, you need to get all permutations. This is a known algorithm, that 
you'll find examples of on the net. Then for each permutation, list 
possibles 'pair-splits'.

Here's a (probably sub-optimal, but it's getting late here) possible 
implementation in functional style:

def rotate(lst):
     yield lst
     max = len(lst)
     for i in range(1, max):
         yield lst[i:] + lst[:-(max-i)]

def permute(lst):
     if len(lst) > 2:
         for rotated in rotate(lst):
             head, tail = rotated[0], rotated[1:]
             for permuted in permute(tail):
                 yield [head] + permuted
     elif len(lst) == 2:
         yield lst
         yield lst[::-1]
     else:
         yield lst

def splits(lst):
     for i in range(1, len(lst)):
         yield lst[0:i], lst[i:]

def allsplits(lst):
     for permuted in permute(lst):
         for pair in splits(permuted):
             yield pair

def listsubstrings(thestr):
     format = lambda pair: (''.join(pair[0]), ''.join(pair[1]))
     return [format(list(pair)) for pair in allsplits(list(thestr))]


print listsubstrings("abcd")








































From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:40:54 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:40:54 GMT
Subject: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8635.1154038944.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8635.1154038944.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Gtoyg.2593$No6.51148@news.tufts.edu>

John McMonagle wrote:

> Have a look at using a wx.Validator in your wx.TextCtrl.

Ah, good thinking! I wasn't even considering another option like that, 
which probably makes more sense anyway!


From http  Sat Jul 15 06:38:45 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 03:38:45 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com> <44B7D61E.1090504@mvista.com>
	<mailman.8198.1152955888.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x8xmv17be.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
> What is the minimum set of instructions and structure needed to make a
> simplistic Python? - does anybody know?

There have been lots of Lisps for the PDP-11 and comparable machines.
Python's runtime semantics are close enough to Lisp that you could
probably get something Python-like running in that kind of machine,
maybe not exactly Python.  You would probably want to use small-Lisp
implementation techniques like BIBOP ("big bag of pages", Google for
it) memory organization.  But I don't think any of those Lisps were
really all that useful.  They were written mostly as toys.

SIOD was a well known very small Scheme interpreter that you might
like to play with:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIOD


From guthrie at mum.edu  Tue Jul 18 11:11:42 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:11:42 -0500
Subject: array slice of [:-0] ??
In-Reply-To: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44BCFA2E.3020801@mum.edu>

Thanks all!!
---------------------

guthrie wrote:

> Beginner question! :-)
> 
> x=[1,2,3,4]
> for i in range(len(x)):
>    print x[:-i]
> 
>  >>> []
>  >>> [1,2,3]
>  >>> [1,2]
>  >>> [1]
> 
> 1) The x[:-0] result seems inconsistent to me;
>     I get the idea that -0=0, so it is taken as x[:0] -> []
> 2) how then should one do this basic left-recursive subsetting (easily).
> 
> Thanks.
> 


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From eval.apply at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 14:15:22 2006
From: eval.apply at gmail.com (Joe Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 11:15:22 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Marshall wrote:
>
> Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> pointers/identity/objects.

I think you are wrong, but before I make a complete ass out of myself,
I have to ask what you mean by `mutability'.  (And
pointers/identity/objects, for that matter.)

Alan Bawden discusses the phenomenon of `state' in his Ph.D.
dissertation "Implementing Distributed Systems Using Linear Naming".
MIT AI Lab Technical Report AITR-1627. March 1993  He makes a
persuasive argument that `state' is associated with cycles in naming.



From rune.strand at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 11:09:50 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 08:09:50 -0700
Subject: Time out question
In-Reply-To: <12aiafi46nos12f@corp.supernews.com>
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1><1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>
	<slrneai1i6.p42.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<12aiafi46nos12f@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151939390.883926.125020@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Grant Edwards wrote:
> I just use signal.alarm():
>
> import signal,sys
>
> def alarmHandler(signum, frame):
>     raise 'Timeout'
>
> signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, alarmHandler)
>
> while 1:
>     try:
>         signal.alarm(5)
>         t = sys.stdin.readline()
>         signal.alarm(0)
>         print t
>     except 'Timeout':
>         print "too slow"
> 
> -- 

Very nice, but UNIX only.



From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul  7 03:55:09 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 00:55:09 -0700
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.7887.1152256928.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <HOqdnQpIlu8RjjPZnZ2dnUVZ_tGdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Ha! Thanks Fredrik for the big hint :) I wasn't careful when reading that 
page.
Was in too much of a hurry to try the code :)

> and a "5" as the second argument in the greeting call.  I wonder what that 
> does ? ;-)
>
> (if you need a hint, look for "waits the given number of seconds" on this 
> page:
>
> http://pyds.muensterland.org/wiki/toolserverframeworkforpythonquickstartguide.html
>
> )
>
> </F>
> 




From david at boddie.org.uk  Wed Jul 26 18:33:10 2006
From: david at boddie.org.uk (David Boddie)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 15:33:10 -0700
Subject: Using PyQT and OpenGL
References: <pan.2006.07.26.21.57.35.500681@peter-b.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1153953190.744784.28870@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Peter TB Brett wrote:

> Although the PyQt documentation indicates that QGLWidget & friends have
> been ported to Python for the PyQt bindings, I'm not entirely sure what's
> necessary to make the normal OpenGL/GLUT interface available.
>
> Does PyQt work okay with PyOpenGL?  Or is a more complicated workaround
> needed?

PyQt works fine with PyOpenGL. The QtOpenGL module only provides
widgets and other features for use with an existing OpenGL library.
It doesn't provide or expose its own OpenGL implementation.

For example, you would typically subclass QGLWidget and reimplement
the initializeGL(), paintGL() and resizeGL() methods to handle
initialization, painting (with PyOpenGL calls) and updates to the
transformation matrices. Since QGLWidget is itself a subclass of
QWidget, you can use standard PyQt code to handle user input
and other non-OpenGL tasks.

> If anyone has experience with working with Python/Qt/OpenGL and can offer
> any advice I'd much appreciate it.

Take a look at the examples provided in the PyQt distribution to get
started.

Good luck!

David



From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  2 16:26:28 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 13:26:28 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6b411$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151829129.546482.314730@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1hhud5m.1n6n5uoep75w7N%aleax@mac.com>
	<1151869476.934729.250560@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhunvo.1jpqzfwjj0yxN%aleax@mac.com>

madpython <madpython at gmail.com> wrote:

> Thanks, Alex, again. The lesson has been taught. I appreciate very much
> you spent time trying to help. Indeed the culprit of that infrequent
> infinite loops was that bound reference "item" in the printing
> loop. But frankly i thought that it only existed inside that loop.
> Apparently I was wrong and glad that it was revealed.

Right -- a loop per se (be it a while loop or a for loop), just like an
if statement or a try statement, is NOT a separate scope from the code
around it (neither is a list comprehension); _functions_ are separate
scopes, and so are genexps.


Alex


From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Wed Jul 26 12:24:33 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:24:33 GMT
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <5HMxg.9357$Cn6.6373@tornado.texas.rr.com>

H J van Rooyen wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I am struggling to get the pack method to do what I intend.
> I am trying to display user input in a seperate window, along with
> a little description of the field, something like this:
> 
>              Current entry
> Company :               entered co. name
> First entry :               entered stuff
> The second entry:     more entered stuff
> Entry number three :  Last entered stuff

You can achieve this with pack(), but only by using
a lot of nested panels:

+-----------------------------------------+
|             Current entry               |
+-----------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------+
|Company :               entered co. name |
+-----------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------+
|First entry :               entered stuff|
+-----------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------+
|The second entry:     more entered stuff |
+-----------------------------------------+
+-----------------------------------------+
|Entry number three :  Last entered stuff |
+-----------------------------------------+

Create the subpanels and pack the labels
into their respective subpanels with side="left"
and the entry fields with side="right"; then
pack all the subpanels into the main window
with side="top". But this is really a PITA,
it would be simpler use grid() as Eric B suggests.
Once you learn grid(), you will probably never
need to use pack() again.

-- JK


From __peter__ at web.de  Sat Jul 22 02:25:51 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:25:51 +0200
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9sgco$dqc$01$1@news.t-online.com>

davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:

> What is the idiomatically appropriate Python way to pass, as a
> "function-type parameter", code that is most clearly written with a local
> variable?
> 
> For example, map takes a function-type parameter:
> 
> map(lambda?x:?x+1,?[5,?17,?49.5])
> 
> What if, instead of just having x+1, I want an expression that is most
> clearly coded with a variable that is needed only inside the lambda, e.g.
> if I wanted to use the name "one" instead of 1:
> 
> map(lambda?x:?(one?=?1??x+one),?[5,?17,?49.5])
 
For a simple constant expression, your example is how it's done most
frequently. When it gets more complicated the classic trick is to use a
default argument:

>>> map(lambda x, delta=2**10: x+delta, [5, 17, 49.5])
[1029, 1041, 1073.5]

A closure works equally well:

>>> def make_adder(delta):
...     def add(x):
...             return x + delta
...     return add
...
>>> map(make_adder(42), [5, 17, 49.5])
[47, 59, 91.5]

So does a callable class...

>>> class Adder(object):
...     def __init__(self, delta):
...             self.delta = delta
...     def __call__(self, x):
...             return x + self.delta
...
>>> map(Adder(321), [5, 17, 49.5])
[326, 338, 370.5]

which has the advantage that it can maintain state between calls (e. g. if
you were to build an accumulator it would be your only clean option).

In the real world the first two are most common, but they are only used when
the variable is not for immediate consumption:

# wrong
>>> adders = [lambda x: x + delta for delta in range(3)]
>>> [a(0) for a in adders]
[2, 2, 2]

# fixed
>>> adders = [lambda x, delta=delta: x + delta for delta in range(3)]
>>> [a(0) for a in adders]
[0, 1, 2]

> Do I
> 
> ??d)?give?up?on?using?Python?and?go?back?to?Scheme,?or

If you stick with Python your students can soon start to experiment with
concepts and algorithms, and at the same time you provide them with a tool
that may be useful in their daily work (think scipy).

Peter



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 14 09:26:01 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:26:01 +0100
Subject: rare error with python at execution
In-Reply-To: <e8isdv$45i$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <001401c6a0e9$c749bb40$55dd31c0$@net> <e8isdv$45i$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e98617$ob0$2@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Luis Morales wrote:
> 
> 
>>But now I get this error everytime I run a script and I have no idea. It can
>>be a simple print 'hello' that it wont work
>>
>>This is the error I get
>>
>>'import site' failed; use -v for traceback
>>
>>Traceback (most recent call last):
>>
>> File "D:\Archivos de programa\ActiveState Komodo
>>3.5\lib\support\dbgp\bin\pydbgp.py", line 61, in ?
>>
>>   if os.environ.has_key("PYDBGP_PATH"):
>>
>>AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'environ'
> 
> 
> have you perhaps added a file named "os.py" to your project ?

If not, then run your program with

python -v progname.py

like the error message tels you. If that doesn't give you enough 
information to debug the problem, post the output back to this list for 
further assistance.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From claudio.zambaldi at web.de  Wed Jul 12 08:17:30 2006
From: claudio.zambaldi at web.de (cz)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:17:30 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
Message-ID: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi there,

I'm sure there is a very simple solution for my question, I just didn't
find it up to now.
I'm using a badly documented module and therefore need to find out
about how to access the elements in a list.
(I need to do this in  Python 1.5.3)
Any help appreciated very much. Thanks!

cz



From danielmarkhot at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 01:06:34 2006
From: danielmarkhot at gmail.com (Daniel Mark)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 22:06:34 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
Message-ID: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello all:

I have set the PATH for Python as follows:

My Computer->Properties->Advanced->Environment Variables->System
Variables->Path

...; C:\Program Files\Python24;

Then I try to run python under command line

C:\>python

C:\>python.exe

I got nothing:)

It works iff I run as follows:

C:\>"Program Files\Python24\python.exe"
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

My question is how I can set the path so that the XP can run python
without the full path?


Thank you very much
-Daniel



From gamedev at fancy.org  Fri Jul 14 19:10:56 2006
From: gamedev at fancy.org (Tom Plunket)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:10:56 -0700
Subject: Deferred imports
Message-ID: <ma8gb2516qglu7hqhs9mqv65bf2v9venoo@4ax.com>

I'm using this package that I can't import on startup, instead needing
to wait until some initialization takes place so I can set other
things up so that I can subsequently import the package and have the
"startup needs" of that package met.

Specifically this has to do with the interaction between wxPython and
Pygame.  (see http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/IntegratingPyGame,
toward the bottom, after the "On Windows however..." heading for my
writeup about the problem.)

So as y'all might guess, I have the solution in this sort of thing:

import os
global myDeferredModule

class MyClass:
   def __init__(self):
      os.environ['MY_DEFERRED_MODULE_PARAM'] = str(self)
      global myDeferredModule
      import myDeferredModule

m = MyClass()

HOWEVER, my problem now comes from the fact that other modules need to
use this import.  So, I need to either use the above "trick", or I
need to just import the module in every function that needs it (which
will be almost exclusively the constructors for the objects as they're
the ones creating Pygame objects).

So my question is, is 'import' heavy enough to want to avoid doing it
every time an object is created, or is it fairly light if it's
currently active somewhere else in the application?  I suppose that
may depend on how many objects I'm creating, and how frequently I'm
creating them, but if 'import' resolves to essentially 

if not global_imports.has_key(module):
   do_stuff_to_import_module

...then I'm not so worried about putting it into every constructor.
Otherwise I'll do this trick, starting myDeferredModule = None and
only do the import if not None.

Thanks!

-tom!


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 02:35:31 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:35:31 +0200
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>
	<1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8iavj$bru$1@sea.gmane.org>

madpython wrote:

> Here is a short illustration:
> 
> ...
> 	self.b=Tkinter.Button(root,txt="Button",command=self.doSmth).pack()
> 	self.l=Tkinter.Label(root,txt="default").pack()
> def doSmth(self):
> 	var=globals()["m"].__dict__["progLogic"].func("some
> input")
> 	self.l.config(txt=var)
> 	self.l.update_idletasks()
> ...
> I guess it's all correct or at least it close to what I work on. What
> do you think?

what makes you think that

     var=globals()["m"].__dict__["progLogic"].func("some input")

is, in any way, different from (and superior to)

     var = m.progLogic.func("some input")

?

 > If I may I'd say it again that GUI is built according by
 > the data that's passed by the "thinking" part of the program so I
 > don't necessary know what it is (can only guess) and that's why
 > passing references as an argument doesn't seem possible.

sorry, but you make no sense at all.  solving this is not a hard pro-
blem, and the solution doesn't need to involve global variables.  and 
even if you prefer globals, there's no need to write ludicrous code.

</F>



From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul 29 03:19:45 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 09:19:45 +0200
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8690.1154154934.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>	<k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>	<mailman.8689.1154150569.27775.python-list@python.org>	<4j0dcjF5njkrU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8690.1154154934.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4j0ggiF5otusU1@uni-berlin.de>

> *sigh*
> if only pyparallel would install

*sigh* If only you said _what_ failed we could maybe help you make it 
work... :)

Diez


From gglegrp112 at alhashash.net  Sat Jul 22 05:23:14 2006
From: gglegrp112 at alhashash.net (gglegrp112 at alhashash.net)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 02:23:14 -0700
Subject: using array as execute parameter in dbapi
In-Reply-To: <8nb3c21sa44uqfhno7uehmfd4vp3u84h9g@4ax.com>
References: <1153515134.520940.208540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<8nb3c21sa44uqfhno7uehmfd4vp3u84h9g@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153560194.091977.239250@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

This is a really neat trick.

Thank you very much.



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:00:16 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:00:16 -0700
Subject: Howto Determine mimetype without the file name extension?
References: <1153230805.606595.189140@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153234816.667054.149610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Phoe6 wrote:
> Hi all,
>          I had a filesystem crash and when I retrieved the data back
> the files had random names without extension. I decided to write a
> script to determine the file extension and create a newfile with
> extension.
[...]
> but the problem with using file was it recognized both .xls (MS Excel)
> and .doc ( MS Doc) as Microsoft Word Document only. I need to separate
> the .xls and .doc files, I dont know if file will be helpful here.

You may want to try the gnome.vfs module:

info = gnome.vfs.get_file_info(filename,
gnome.vfs.FILE_INFO_GET_MIME_TYPE)
info.mime_type #mime type

If all of your documents are .xls and .doc, you could also use one of
the cli tools that converts .doc to txt like catdoc.  These tools will
fail on an .xls document, so if you run it and check for output.  .doc
files would output a lot, .xls files would output an error or nothing.
The gnome.vfs module is probably your best bet though :-)

Additionally, I would re-organize your program a bit. something like:

import os
import re
import subprocess

types = (
    ('rtf', 'Rich Text Format data'),
    ('doc', 'Microsoft Office Document'),
    ('pdf', 'PDF'),
    ('txt', 'ASCII English text'),
)

def get_magic(filename):
    pipe=subprocess.Popen(['file',filename],stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
    output = pipe.stdout.read()
    pipe.wait()
    return output

def detext(filename):
    fileoutput = get_magic(filename)
    for ext, pattern in types:
        if pattern in fileoutput:
            return ext


def allfiles(path):
    for root,dirs,files in os.walk(os.getcwd()):
        for each in files:
            fname = os.path.join(root,each)
            yield fname

def fixnames(path):
    for fname in allfiles(path):
        extension = detext(fname)
        print fname, extension #....

def main():
    path = os.getcwd()
    fixnames(path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Short functions that just do one thing are always best.

To change that to use gnome.vfs, just change the types list to be a
dictionary like
types = {
 'application/msword': 'doc',
 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint': 'ppt',
}

and then

def get_mime(filename):
    info = gnome.vfs.get_file_info(filename,
gnome.vfs.FILE_INFO_GET_MIME_TYPE)
    return info.mime_type

def detext(filename):
    mime_type = get_mime(filename)
    return types.get(mime_type)

-- 
- Justin



From thorsten at thorstenkampe.de  Wed Jul 12 14:11:30 2006
From: thorsten at thorstenkampe.de (Thorsten Kampe)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 19:11:30 +0100
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1xifz3am6pgkb$.1enbbmor2of3l$.dlg@40tude.net>

* girish at it.usyd.edu.au (2006-07-11 10:20 +0000)
>  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length >=2.
> Also,
> each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> versa.
>  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
>  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'],
> ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> 'bd'],['bd','ac']]

No, you don't want to generate all substrings, you want to generate
all partions of a given set with length 2:

filter(lambda x: len(x) == 2, part(['abcd']))

I've written an utility that generates all possible partions of a set;
the "pairing" as you call it, is trivial, so you can do it yourself

def part(seq):
    import copy
    partset = [[]]
    for item in seq:
        newpartset = []
        for partition in partset:
            for index in range(len(partition)):
                newpartset.append(copy.deepcopy(partition))
                newpartset[-1][index].append(item)
            partition.append([item])
            newpartset.append(partition)
        partset = newpartset
    return partset


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 10 10:06:11 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 07:06:11 -0700
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607092317590.8452@localhost>
Message-ID: <06bd01c6a42a$000d9670$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

is this where i've seen references to integrating Beautifulsoup in the wb
browsing app?

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of John J Lee
Sent: Monday, July 10, 2006 2:29 AM
To: wwwsearch-general at lists.sourceforge.net
Cc: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors


On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, bruce wrote:
[...]
> sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'
>
>
> partial html
> -----------------------------------
> </table>
> <br />
> <FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
>
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
> CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">
[...]

You don't include the HTML mentioned in the exception message ('<!
Others/0/WIN; Too') in the part of the HTML that you quote, but that
snippet is enough to see what's wrong, and lets you find exactly where in
the HTML the problem lies.  Comments in HTML start with '<!--' and end
with '-->'.  The comment sgmllib is complaining about is missing the '--'.

You can work around bad HTML using the .set_data() method on response
objects and the .set_response() method on Browser.  Call the latter before
you call any other methods that would require parsing the HTML.

r = br.response()
r.set_data(clean_html(br.get_data()))
br.set_response(r)


You must write clean_html yourself (though you may use an external tool to
do so, of course).

Alternatively, use a more robust parser, e.g.

br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory())


(you may also integrate another parser of your choice with mechanize, with
more effort)


John
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul  3 12:48:11 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 16:48:11 GMT
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <45e0ec7b0607030541r72730360u805041634101878e@mail.gmail.com><20060703131021.29014.2075759424.divmod.quotient.20715@ohm>
	<mailman.7731.1151943001.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <fTbqg.11033$Bh.5892@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Alex Biddle" <heuristic at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:mailman.7731.1151943001.27775.python-list at python.org...
> Hey, thanks for the reply Jean-Paul.
>
> That's pretty cool knowing that Python 2.5 will have it out of the
> box, however what about basic out-of-the-box functionality in 2.4 (or
> even older)?
>
> In all my other experiences Python comes with a lot of tools already
> available, it seems odd not to have basic database functionality
> installed as default.
>

Would you like a pony with that?  pysqlite *is* available today, and is not
overly onerous to install or bundle with your own package.  And on the near
horizon, we see that it *will* be part of the included batteries, so
separate installation is only a temporary nuisance.

But there is another database battery available in current Python versions.
Try this:

import bsddb


No SQL support, instead this gives you a dict-like access to the database
(values must be strings, so you have to serialize columns into something
like XML, JSON, YAML, etc.):

import bsddb
db = bsddb.hashopen("testdb.db")
db["Paul"]="""<user name="Paul" id="12345"/>"""
db["Alex"]="""<user name="Alex" id="12346"/>"""
print db.keys()
del db["Paul"]
print db.keys()
db.close()


-- Paul




From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sun Jul 16 02:11:23 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 06:11:23 GMT
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8220.1153025171.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>	<mailman.8212.1152992928.27775.python-list@python.org>	<Ckjug.114$ZX6.25@trndny04>
	<mailman.8220.1153025171.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <fMkug.2758$hK6.1318@trndny07>

Robert Kern wrote:
> Chris Spencer wrote:
>> Robert Kern wrote:
>>> Chris Spencer wrote:
>>>> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, 
>>>> but not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not 
>>>> support history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's 
>>>> own? Is there any way to get command history working with 
>>>> InteractiveConsole on Linux?
>>> Be sure that the readline module is installed.
>>
>> Yeah, "import readline" works just fine. My problem isn't hard to 
>> replicate. Can anyone else on Linux get command history to work with 
>> the following code? Note, it should be saved and run from a file.
>>
>> from code import InteractiveConsole
>> i = InteractiveConsole(globals())
>> i.interact()
> 
> You will also have to make sure that you import readline, too. This 
> works for me:
> 
> import readline
> from code import InteractiveConsole
> i = InteractiveConsole(globals())
> i.interact()

Actually, it seems redirecting sys.stdout for my logger was the issue. 
Thanks for your help though.

Chris


From juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi  Tue Jul  4 13:47:32 2006
From: juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi (Juho Schultz)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:47:32 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152035252.389656.298980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 06:32:13 -0700, Gaurav Agarwal wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I wanted a script that can convert any file format (RTF/DOC/HTML/PDF/PS
> > etc) to text format.
>
> PDF is (I believe) a compressed, binary format of PS. Perhaps you should
> look at the program pdf2ps -- maybe it will help.
> 
> 
> -- 
> Steven.

Or try the program pdftotext?


-- Juho Schultz



From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 14:01:56 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 11:01:56 -0700
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.21.16.49.00.782390@yahoo.fr>
	<1153496276.837814.262440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153504916.314124.314400@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


T wrote:
> > I don't know what both classes do [snip]
>
> foo basically gets values for verbose (a True or False) and index (an
> integer) from command line options, using
> optparse.OptionParser.add_option() and
> optparse.OptionParser.parse_args()
>
> I would like bar to access the values of verbose and index.  Is there
> another way?

Sorry... I meant to say:

"foo basically gets values for index (an integer) and output (a string)"



From thorley at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 16:55:38 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 13:55:38 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
Message-ID: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Greetings, since there was no reponse to my previous post about an
existing FastCGI server in python, I've taken to writing my own. (which
of course I'll share--*if* there's something to share ;)

My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.

socket.send, as best I can tell, will only send strings. I've read on
the list other conversations where the recommendation was to use xdrlib
or struct. But it appears that is only useful when you control the
client and the server. PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, but using struct
just encodes the binary data as a string, right?

# Example sending binary data as a string
s = socket.socket()
s.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8000))
packet = struct.pack('4B', 1, 2, 3, 4)
s.send(packet)

In my understaing the above just sends the string '\x01\x02\x03\x04',
not raw binary data. I've looked at Billy the Kid and pcap, which are
cool but not what I need.

Do I have to build my own packets from scratch and encode all the
TCP/IP headers myself to get this to work?

Solutions and Corrections welcome and appreciated.
Thanks very much

--
matthew



From barry at python.org  Wed Jul  5 19:30:28 2006
From: barry at python.org (Barry Warsaw)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 19:30:28 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <4EF22B7C-0035-49C8-BA55-CDD0EEFD7560@python.org>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Jul 4, 2006, at 3:44 PM, emf wrote:

> Here's where I'm at, grouped functionally:
>
> * Need to convert rfc8222 to xml/html
>
> I haven't found anything substantial via searching. My next step is to
> go spelunking in MailManager code and other python-webmail  
> packages. If
> anyone knows good trees in this forest, please clue me in.

You might also poke around www.divmod.org and the Chandler project.   
I believe both of them are in a similar space and there may be  
components that can be borrowed from those projects to do this kind  
of thing.

> * Want to provide feeds (rss/atom/YourMommasSyntaxFormat)
>
> Right this second I'm planning on using pyfeed [1]; is there anything
> else I should consider?
>
> [1] http://home.blarg.net/~steveha/pyfeed.html
>
> * mbox thread indexing on messages
>
> I plan on using [2] to generate mbox thread indexes for rapid  
> navigation
> of lists. Any suggestions for more robust variants would be welcome;
> feedback on how to handle threading for message-id-less messages would
> also be welcome.
>
> [2] http://benno.id.au/code/archiver/jwzthreading.py

I haven't looked at either package, but JWZ does have the  
authoritative word on threading, AFAICT.

The question of Message-IDs is the interesting one because it's  
clearly the most natural unique identifier to use.  However, while  
the RFC says it /should/ be unique, there's actually no guarantee  
that it /is/ unique, or even present.  What should Mailman do if it  
sees a Message-ID collision?  What should it do if there is no  
Message-ID?

It's been argued that Mailman should clobber any Message-ID it sees  
and just overwrite it with one it can guarantee is unique (for any  
specific installation, that is).  I don't like that solution because  
of the negative effects on threading when that message is received  
through Mailman by other systems or applications.  It's also been  
suggested that we just don't worry about it, because the chances of  
collisions in practice are very small.  Yeah, okay, but what if it / 
does/ happen?  Seems like you'd still have to munge Message-ID in  
that case.

It's also been suggested that Mailman assign its own unique  
identifier whenever it forwards a message to a list membership.  I  
like this the best, and it would have to be called something like X- 
List-Message-ID or some such.  I've long favored a solution where the  
X-List-Message-ID could be calculated from components of the message  
that would have a high probability of being immutable, even if a copy  
of the message was received out-of-band from Mailman.  IOW, if an  
archiver received a message before Mailman could calculate the X-List- 
Message-ID (or if it received it after some intermediate tool  
stripped that header), it could perform the same calculation and  
would end up with the same url, probably using List-Archive in that  
calculation.

I'm thinking something along the lines of sha1 hashing Message-ID and  
perhaps Date.  RFC 2822 $3.6 says that the only required headers are  
the origination date (Date:) and originator address fields (From: and  
possibly Sender: and Reply-To:).  Those seem like good candidates to  
base a hash on, but fields like Subject and the body of the message  
are probably unusable.  Then again, we have to watch out for  
originator header munging. :/

> * full-text indexing
>
> pylucene seems to be the obvious choice; anything else I should
> consider? Anyone know of good pylucene/web UI glue code out there?

Just keep in mind that of course, Mailman is GPL so anything we  
bundle has to be GPL-compatible.

- -Barry



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From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Fri Jul 14 05:24:45 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (Andreas Rossberg)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:24:45 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
	<1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97nst$a45id$4@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>

Marshall wrote:
> 
> After all, what are the alternatives? Purely-functional
> languages remove themselves from a large class of
> problems that I consider important: data management.

Maybe, but I have yet to see how second-class variables are really more 
adequate in dealing with it.

And note that even with second-class state you can still have aliasing 
issues - you just need mutable arrays and pass around indices. Keys in 
databases are a more general form of the same problem.

> I have explored the OO path to its bitter end and am
> convinced it is not the way. So what is left? Uniqueness
> types and logic programming, I suppose. I enjoy logic
> programming but it doesn't seem quite right. But notice:
> no pointers there!  And it doesn't seem to suffer from the
> lack.

Uh, aliasing all over the place! Actually, I think that logic 
programming, usually based on deep unification, brings by far the worst 
incarnation of aliasing issues to the table.

- Andreas

-- 
Andreas Rossberg, rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 10 11:27:39 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 08:27:39 -0700
Subject: Mechanize/Browser question
Message-ID: <072501c6a435$61ef9130$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i can do the following
  br = Browser
  br.open("www.yahoo.com")
  br.open("file:///foo")

 but can i do
  s = "..." <<<< qualified html text
  br.open(s)

 i'm curious, if i have html from someother source, is there a way to simply
get it into the "Browser" so i can modify it...

thanks

-bruce




From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 24 20:12:30 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 00:12:30 +0000
Subject: Search within running python scripts
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153774861.991891.325570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153778084.307580.192950@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e84gp3-i4e.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153778084.307580.192950 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
Simon Forman <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com> wrote:
>gmax2006 wrote:
			.
			.
			.
>> > Yes, there are several ways.  What OS are you using?
>> >
>> > ~Simon
>>
>> I have to use an os-independent approach.
>>
>> At this point I use a file as running-flag. It doesn't work so good.
>> Because if the python application breaks or get terminated, it won't
>> run again unless somebody deletes the flag file.
>>
>> Alan
>
>Hmm,  I'm very far from being an expert on this, so hopefully someone
>who knows better will reply.
>You might have to check the OS your script is running on and do, say,
>what faulkner proposed for linux (and Mac?), and something like
>http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/474070 for
>windows.
			.
			.
			.
Particularly when I hear "os-independent", I think first of
binding to a socket.  While <URL: http://wiki.tcl.tk/1558 >
is written for a Tcl-based crowd, the commentary there ap-
plies quite well to Python.


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sat Jul  1 04:09:20 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 01:09:20 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151741360.158460.92480@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> never used perl, but i have an issue trying to resolve some html that
> appears to be "dirty/malformed" regarding the overall structure. in
> researching validators, i came across the beautifulsoup app and wanted to
> know if anybody could give me pros/cons of the app as it relates to any of
> the other validation apps...
>
I'm not too sure of what you are after. You mention tidy in the subject
which made me think that maybe you were trying to generate well-formed
HTML from malformed webppages that nonetheless browsers can interpret.
If that is the case then try HTML tidy:
  http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/

- Pad.



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 09:30:04 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:30:04 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> 
> Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>> >> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
>> >> that is your input??????
>>
>> What device manager ? think about it before being rude
>>
> 
> No device manager [noun] was mentioned. You may have inferred rudeness
> where astonishment was being implied. I'll try again:
> 
> How does the [8-bit] device manage [verb, as in "how is it able"] to
> compute the [32-bit] 8-decimal-digit number that is [split up one
> decimal digit per array element thus becoming] your input??????

I get keystrokes from the device keyboard and append to the array as needed.

I actually need numbers much larger than 32 bits.

Regards,

Philippe




From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 26 16:37:25 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:37:25 -0500
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C7D285.4050509@tim.thechases.com>

 > "a (b c) d [e f g] h i"
 > should be splitted to
 > ["a", "(b c)", "d", "[e f g]", "h", "i"]
 >
 > As speed is a factor to consider, it's best if there is a
 > single line regular expression can handle this.  I tried
 > this but failed:
 > re.split(r"(?![\(\[].*?)\s+(?!.*?[\)\]])", s).  It work
 > for "(a b) c" but not work "a (b c)" :(
 >
 > Any hint?

[and later added]
 > sorry i forgot to give a limitation: if a letter is next
 > to a bracket, they should be considered as one word. i.e.:
 > "a(b c) d" becomes ["a(b c)", "d"] because there is no
 > blank between "a" and "(".


 >>> import re
 >>> s ='a (b c) d [e f g] h ia abcd(b c)xyz d [e f g] h i'
 >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\S*(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\])\S*)|\S+')
 >>> r.findall(s)
['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'ia', 'abcd(b c)xyz', 'd', 
'[e f g]', 'h', 'i']

I'm sure there's a *much* more elegant pyparsing solution to
this, but I don't have the pyparsing module on this machine.
It's much better/clearer and will be far more readable when
you come back to it later.

However, the above monstrosity passes the tests I threw at
it.

-tkc








From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 08:29:09 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (simon.hibbs at gmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:29:09 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <44b62e06$0$11781$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b62e06$0$11781$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152793749.585858.218380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Separating operations on data (model/controler) from GUI code (view).
> The controler(s) have a reference on the model. The views have a
> reference on the controler(s), and call on the controller to get data to
> display or act on data.

So I instantiate a Model object that handles all IO to the database.
Next I instantiate a Controller object, passing it a reference to the
Data/IO model object. Next I instantiate the display panel objects for
the GUI, passing them references to the Controller object.

The Controller object contains the logic for all the transformations I
want to perform on the data.

Simon Hibbs



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  2 03:10:43 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 00:10:43 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151824243.188638.48840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
> This has been bothering me for a while. Just want to find out if it
> just me or perhaps others have thought of this too: Why shouldn't the
> keyset of a dictionary be represented as a set instead of a list?

I think the order of the items returned by keys() and values() are
related. I decided on a short  empirical test:

>>> import random
>>> n=50
>>> d = dict((i,random.randint(0,n-1)) for i in range(n))
>>> k,v = d.keys(), d.values()
>>> [d[k[i]] == v[i]  for i in range(n)]
[True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True,
True, True, True]
>>> ## for larger n try
>>> # False in [d[k[i]] == v[i]  for i in range(n)]

The order of keys() and the order of values() are related, so a change
to returning sets would also loose this functionality.

Mind you, Never rely on that implied ordering. Always use items().

And so *if* sets were returned for keys() and values() then it should
for items() too.

- Paddy.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul 29 06:07:01 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 12:07:01 +0200
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8692.1154164558.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><Uigyg.11522$rp4.5335@tornado.texas.rr.com>	<12ck56ji9c94579@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8692.1154164558.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4j0qa5F5n7urU1@uni-berlin.de>

> I find myself in the unenviable position that I can no longer remember the
> colour of magic as expressed in Terry Pratchett's books - was it something like
> Octarine?

AFAIK yes.

Diez


From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 10:33:31 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 07:33:31 -0700
Subject: wxPython Grid Cell change question
In-Reply-To: <1152823410.176512.229710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152823410.176512.229710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152887611.912362.141940@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Never mind, I used 2 different binds for the 2 different situations and
it worked.

thanks for looking anyhow.

-- Kiran
Kiran wrote:
> Hello All,
> I created a grid, where I register events every time the user changes
> an existing value inside the grid control. Right now, I am using the
> event: EVT_GRID_CELL_CHANGE. However, I realized that I need to
> register that same kind of event even if the user doesnt change the
> value, but just selects and then deselects.
>
> I tried creating my own custom event, where i check to see if the
> editor is activated and then deactivated, and if so, then set the sell
> value. However, this doesnt work because the value that it needs to be
> set to is the same previous value that was in the grid. Therefore, I
> can never get a new value in the grid. Here is the code for the events:
>
> in init():
>       self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GRID_EDITOR_SHOWN, self.EditorShown)
>       self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GRID_EDITOR_HIDDEN, self.EditorHidden)
>
>
> def EditorShown(self, event):
>      self.editorShown = True
>      event.Skip()
>
> def EditorHidden(self, event):
>      self.editorHidden = True
>      row = event.GetRow()
>      col = event.GetCol()
>      print "VAL = " + str(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col))
> +str(self.OnTestCellValue(row, col))
>      event.Skip()
>
> def OnTestCellValue(self, row, col):
>      if self.editorShown and self.editorHidden:
>      self.editorShown = False
>      self.editorHidden = False
>      self.SetCellValue(row, col)
>
> def SetCellValue(self, row, col):
>      print "EVENT PROCESSIGN STARTED"
>      print "RAW VAL = " + str(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col))
>      value = int(self.grid.GetCellValue(row, col), 16)
>      print "VAL = " + str(value)
>      # if we need to add a row
>      if row == (len(self.data)-1):
>          self.expandGrid()
>          self.data.append([])
>      # if we need to delete a row
>      if row != 0 and value == '':
>          self.data[row][3] = 'Delete'
>      else:
>          self.addToData(row, col, value, True)
>      # whether the user intended a read or write
>      if self.data[row][3] != 'Delete':
>          if col == 1:
>              self.data[row][3] = 'Read'
>          elif col == 2:
>              self.data[row][3] = 'Write'
>
>      q = copy.deepcopy(self.data) # cloning object
>      self.requestQueue.put(q) # putting object onto queue
>      print "EVENT PROCESSIGN ENDED"
>
> Thanks a lot for your help, and please mind the spacing.
>
> I should note that before, my bind was:
> self.Bind(wx.grid.EVT_GTID_CELL_CHANGE, self.SetCellValue)
> 
> 
> thanks,
> Kiran



From katsanqat at orange.fr  Tue Jul 25 01:28:00 2006
From: katsanqat at orange.fr (Bertrand-Xavier M.)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 07:28:00 +0200
Subject: print function question
In-Reply-To: <bda6f7e30607242052k73458ba0wd68e96b7c68e3ba@mail.gmail.com>
References: <bda6f7e30607242052k73458ba0wd68e96b7c68e3ba@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <200607250728.00618.katsanqat@orange.fr>

On Tuesday 25 July 2006 05:52, Eric Bishop wrote:
> Why does this work:
>
> # start
> a = 5
>
> print a, 'is the number'
>
> #end, prints out "5 is the number"
>
> But not this:
>
> # start
>
> a = 5
>
> print a 'is the number'
>
> #end, errors out
>
> The difference here is the comma seperating the variable and the string
> literal. Is the comma some sort of concatenation operator or is the comma
> necessary in some form of a requirement in the print function, i.e is the
> variable a an argument to print as well as 'is th number' another argument
> to print?

Yes.
It allows to concat several variables, and also adds a space.
These do work as well:

a = 5
print "value is", a
print "value %s" %(a)
print "value is", a, '...'

Regards,
Rob


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 30 17:37:44 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 23:37:44 +0200
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.04.52.320820@gmx.net>
	<ti9zg.1555$W93.1057@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.30.21.37.43.207698@gmx.net>

In <ti9zg.1555$W93.1057 at dukeread05>, Philippe Martin wrote:

> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
>> And now please describe you problem a little better.  ;-)
> 
> I'll try.
> 
> first of all python is not going to be used for my purpose (sigh)
> 
> I have device A which holds a binary coded decimal array [N1,N2,....Nn]
> where the array represents a decimal number.
> 
> In C: unsigned char dec[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
> 
> I need that array converted for device B into an array where each element
> represents the actual byte value.
> 
> In C: the result would be unsigned char hex[] = {0x1,0x2,0xD,0x6,0x8,0x7};
> 
> I guess any pocket calculator goes through that process for dec/hex
> conversion.
> 
> Hope that's clearer.

Not really.  Maybe I'm missing something obvious but I don't see the link
between your `dec` and `hex` values.  12345678 converted to hex is
bc614e.  Do you need such a conversion?  And should the result really be
one nibble (4 bit)/hex digit per array entry!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 21:04:34 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 18:04:34 -0700
Subject: Full splitting of a file's pathname
In-Reply-To: <1152543133.421501.205300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152543133.421501.205300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152579874.338235.91880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> I don't know if it's "standard," but why not just:
>
> dir = './foo/bar/moo/lar/myfile.txt'
> dir.split('/')
>
> ['.', 'foo', 'bar', 'moo', 'lar', 'myfile.txt']
>
> rd

There's also os.path.sep, from the docs: "The character used by the
operating system to separate pathname components."
But a recursive function like the one Iain King posted is likely the
best way to go.

~Simon



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul  3 10:29:07 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 16:29:07 +0200
Subject: Program analysis (pseudocode if possible)
References: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gsnviF1olu8hU1@uni-berlin.de>

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 23:57:54 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 20:57:54 -0700
Subject: list problem
Message-ID: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
example

>>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']

the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
so lets say the second list contains the following

>>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']

and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
available,
i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
should only print XXX4 then return.

for i in xrange(1,10):
    numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
    str = "XXX" + numpart

      for list1_elm in list1:
          if list1_elm == str:
               break
          else:
               for list2_elm in list2:
                   if list2_elm == str:
                      break
                   else:
                      print str
                      return

Cheer



From brenNOSPAMbarn at NObrenSPAMbarn.net  Sun Jul  9 18:45:53 2006
From: brenNOSPAMbarn at NObrenSPAMbarn.net (OKB (not okblacke))
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 22:45:53 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>

Terry Reedy wrote:

> Consider
>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
> [3, 3, 2, 1]
> 
> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).

[a.len() for a in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]

-- 
--OKB (not okblacke)
Brendan Barnwell
"Do not follow where the path may lead.  Go, instead, where there is
no path, and leave a trail."
	--author unknown


From chris at kateandchris.net  Wed Jul 26 11:32:37 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:32:37 -0400
Subject: self question
In-Reply-To: <ea5mmt$ek0$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
	<1153849559.477348.197160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ea5mmt$ek0$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <20060726153237.GA11227@kateandchris.net>

On Tue, Jul 25, 2006 at 08:08:32PM +0200, Sch?le Daniel wrote:
> dan.gass at gmail.com schrieb:
> >> cnt = 1
> >> def foo():
> >> 	global cnt
> >> 	cnt += 1
> >> 	return cnt
> >>
> >> def bar(x=foo()):
> >> 	print x
> >>
> >> bar()	# 2
> >> bar()	# 2
> >> bar()	# 2
> > 
> > Looks to me like you want to use the following programming pattern to
> > get dynamic default arguments:
> > 
> > cnt = 1
> > def foo():
> > 	global cnt
> > 	cnt += 1
> > 	return cnt
> > 
> > def bar(x=None):
> > 	if x is None:
> > 		x = foo()
> > 	print x
> >  
> > bar()	# 2
> > bar()	# 3
> > bar()	# 4
> 
> yes, I haven't thought of that
> nowI changed my class to
> 
> class Graph:
> 	settings = {
> 		"NumNodes" : 10,
> 		"MinNodes" : 2,
> 		"MaxNodes" : 5
> 	}
> 	def randomizeEdges(self,
> 		lowhigh = (settings["MinNodes"], settings["MaxNodes"])):
Note that this is a change in behaviour from what you originally stated you
wanted.  settings is a dictionary that is shared between all instances of
Graph.  The previous poster was suggesting the correct pattern for the
behaviour you requested.  Generally if you want a parameter to have a dynamic
default argument you set the default value to None, test for None in the body
of the function/method and set the value appropriately.
> 		low, high = lowhigh
> 		for node in self.nodes:
> 			x = random.randint(low, high)
> 			# link the nodes
> 
> 
> maybe the only minor point is that no relationship
> can be expressed
> 
> settings = {
> 	"NumNode" : 10,
> 	"MinNode" : settings["NumNode"] / 2,
> 	"MaxNode" : settings["NumNode"]
> }
> 
> but I think the solution is nevertheless ok
> 
> 
> Regards, Daniel
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul  7 10:50:45 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 14:50:45 GMT
Subject: How to increase the window sinze in python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7885.1152254290.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152251815.366913.234980@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7885.1152254290.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <9xurg.2406$No6.49610@news.tufts.edu>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> arvind wrote:
> 
>> i want to inctrease the window size in python and make it as big as
>> normal window.
>> at the same time i want to change the background colour of the screen.
>> what's the solution?
> 
> what window is this ?
> 
> </F>
> 

and what does "as big as a normal window" mean? :) that might depend on 
the OS, too....


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 13:50:48 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 19:50:48 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44b140af$0$9623$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gregory Guthrie a ?crit :
> I am comparing Python to a few other scripting languages, and used a simple 
> anagrams program as a sample.
> 
> I was surprised ast a few python features that did not work as I would 
> expect/wish; which caused less compact/expressive program styles that I 
> wanted - reverting to a FORTRAN like series of assignments.
> 
> For example,
>    - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says len(w).

The member function of strings is __len__, which itself is called by 
len() when passed a string. wrt/ why it is so, you'll have to ask to 
someone more knowledgeable, but I seriously  don't see what difference 
it make in practice.

>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?

If it's not in the FAQ, then it should - and the  googling c.l.py 
archives for this should give some relevant answers.

>     This would allow things like:
>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )

key = ''.join(list(sorted(word.lower().strip()))

>    - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for 
> dictionaries, and more += like operations;
>    For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
>         dict[key] += [word]
> 
>      Instead of:
>         mark[key] = mark.get(key,[]) + [word]

mark.setdefault(key, []).append(word)

> The former seems very intuitive, and clearer.

and is much more error prone for few practical gain (assertion backed by 
experience with languages allowing it).

> I am a bit used to the compactness and convenient defaults of Perl, which 
> would do this:
>    my $key = join '', sort(split(//, lc($word)));
>     push @{$anagrams{$key}}, $word

key = ''.join(list(sorted(word.lower().strip()))
anagrams.setdefault(key, []).append(word)

> I am curious why these "obvious" conveniences are not present.  :-)

You said ?-)


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 12:31:30 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 09:31:30 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
	<MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152635490.527372.51150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
>
> Going back to my
> handy copy of Pierce's book again, he claims that range checking is a
> solved problem in theory, and the only remaining work is in how to
> integrate it into a program without prohibitive amounts of type
> annotation.

This is in TAPL? Or ATTPL? Can you cite it a bit more specifically?
I want to reread that.


Marshall



From jordanm at austin.utexas.edu  Mon Jul 31 17:13:27 2006
From: jordanm at austin.utexas.edu (Jordan R McCoy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 16:13:27 -0500
Subject: Borg vs. Module
In-Reply-To: <44ce522c$0$9895$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
Message-ID: <6EED8F7006A883459D4818686BCE3B3B031B5460@MAIL01.austin.utexas.edu>

Tobiah:

>From the standpoint of implementation, I don't see much of a difference
unless you are specifically interested in the more limited functionality
of a module (vs. a class instance). If you aren't, then you can simply
instantiate your borg class and then insert it into sys.modules early in
the pipeline; future imports of that module will get your instantiated
class instead of the dummy module. Thus, you can use the import syntax
yet still have descriptors and other class-based features.

I would carefully consider doing this, though. It would be a somewhat
uncommon use of import mechanics, and a particularly confusing one at
that since the developer has to understand how the module-like object is
being used differently. The flexibility of the import mechanics is there
so that we can make something other than a common module look like a
common module; having it not act like a common module might be making
the endeavor overly complex and obscure.

For example, the Twisted framework uses this technique to allow global
access to the installed reactor via import syntax, which works well
within the framework. It did, however, throw me a bit when I first
encountered it, and drove me to pour over the source to find out what
was happening. Perhaps this was good, but I wonder if it would just have
been simpler to provide the same access through a module function (eg:
reactor.reactor() -> reactor instance). 

--
Jordan McCoy

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+jordanm=austin.utexas.edu at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+jordanm=austin.utexas.edu at python.org] On
Behalf Of tobiah
Sent: Monday, July 31, 2006 2:52 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Borg vs. Module

I am making a web app, made up of many modules
that all need access to some important data, like
the current session data, cookies, navigation history,
post/get variables, etc.

I decided to go with the 'Borg' idea, by assigning the
__dict__ of an object to a class variable so that each
instantiation of the Borg() would share the same data.
That way I can either pass the Borg around, or just
Borg() it if I need it in some obscure place.

Then I read an argument that it usually makes more sense
to just have a module with the data and functions that
I need, which all the other modules can simply import.
Since I only need one instance, I could just stuff data
and call 'methods' on this module, probably without even
changing existing syntax.

Are there any arguments as to which method is better?

Thanks,

Toby

-- 
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 02:45:19 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:45:19 +1200
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <44a76bb1 at news.eftel.com>,
 John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:

>On 2/07/2006 3:48 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In article <44A6DD6E.5000502 at lexicon.net>,
>>  John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
>> 
>>> -u unbuffers sys.stdout 
>>> and sys.stderr (and makes them binary, which wouldn't be a good idea on 
>>> a Windows box).
>> 
>> Why not?
>
>If binary, '\n' would appear as LF alone rather than CR LF.

Why should that matter? I thought Windows (the NT line) was 
POSIX-compliant.


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul  5 10:00:21 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 07:00:21 -0700
Subject: python function defs/declarations
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7712.1151886490.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7712.1151886490.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152108021.841891.205810@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce:
> is there a way for me to do this..
>
> print "hello"
> foo()
>
> def foo():
>  i = 2
>  print "i = "i
>
> ie, to use 'foo' prior to the declaration of 'foo'

Generally no you can't, you have to define a name before using it.
Why do you want to do that?

Bye,
bearophile



From NOXwebmasterX at XmbstevensX.com  Thu Jul  6 08:18:48 2006
From: NOXwebmasterX at XmbstevensX.com (mbstevens)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 12:18:48 GMT
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
	<1152125582.577222.95010@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e8ieca$68k$1$8302bc10@news.demon.co.uk>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.12.19.42.943014@XmbstevensX.com>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:32:46 +0100, Martin Evans wrote:

> "Juho Schultz" <juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi> wrote in message 
> news:1152125582.577222.95010 at l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>> Martin Evans wrote:
>>> Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to 
>>> get
>>> a regular expression to do the following example in Python:
>>>
>>> Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".
>>>
>>> This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
>>> to
>>> This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.
>>>
>>>
>>> But not if part of a link or inside a link:
>>>
>>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, 
>>> it
>>> is sleeping.
>>> to
>>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, 
>>> it
>>> is dead.
>>>
>>>
>>> This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, the
>>> rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the
>>> formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will
>>> normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more than
>>> one link present.
>>>
>>> I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to 
>>> other
>>> areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.
>>>
>>> I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the 
>>> case,
>>> I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping to
>>> use it to learn more about regex.
>>>
>>> Any pointers would be appreciated.
>>>
>>> Martin
>>
>> What you want is:
>>
>> re.sub(regex, replacement, instring)
>> The replacement can be a function. So use a function.
>>
>> def sleeping_to_dead(inmatch):
>>  instr = inmatch.group(0)
>>  if needsfixing(instr):
>>    return instr.replace('sleeping','dead')
>>  else:
>>    return instr
>>
>> as for the regex, something like
>> (<a)?[^<>]*(</a>)?
>> could be a start. It is probaly better to use the regex to recognize
>> the links as you might have something like
>> sleeping.sleeping/sleeping/sleeping.html in your urls. Also you
>> probably want to do many fixes, so you can put them all within the same
>> replacer function.
> 
> ... My first 
> working attempt had been to use the regex to locate all links. I then looped 
> through replacing each with a numbered dummy entry. Then safely do the 
> find/replaces and then replace the dummy entries with the original links. It 
> just seems overly inefficient.

Someone may have made use of 
 multiline links:

_________________________
This parrot 
<a 
	href="sleeping.htm" 
	target="new"   >
is sleeping
</a>. 
Really, it is sleeping.
_________________________


In such a case you may need to make the page 
into one string to search if you don't want to use some complex
method of tracking state with variables as you move from
string to string.  You'll also have to make it possible
for non-printing characters to have been inserted in all sorts
of ways around the '>' and '<' and 'a' or 'A' 
characters using ' *' here and there in he regex.





From tactics40 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 12:39:30 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 09:39:30 -0700
Subject: {} for set notation
In-Reply-To: <1152893133.357692.310670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152893133.357692.310670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152895170.006099.113850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> I really like the set notation idea. Now that sets are first class
> "citizens" along with dicts, lists and tuples I think they should be
> used when it makes sense to use them

In actual usage, though, how often is it strictly required one uses a
set over a list? It is similar to how queue and stack are not in the
default namespace. Unless you really need to ensure no one is allowed
to make random access changes to your data, a list with push and pop is
really all you need. I beleive the same applies in regards to sets.



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:49:42 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:49:42 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154386182.778377.220860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> I'd never recommend dual-boot for anything!
> Hardware is cheap, time and trouble is expensive.

Dual-booting if so easy and helpful, I have always found it to be
extremely useful.

You might have a bad experience but I have my laptop and desktop both
running dual boot successfully for 4 and a half years now.



From thibault at physics.cornell.edu  Wed Jul 26 11:39:36 2006
From: thibault at physics.cornell.edu (Pierre Thibault)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:39:36 -0400
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>

Hello!

I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:

template <class H>
class MyClass
{
public:

	MyClass(H& o1, H& o2) : object1(o1), object2(o2) {}

	void compute();

private:
	H& object1;
	H& object2;

};

template <class H>
void MyClass::compute()
{
	typedef typename H::iterator I;

	I o1_begin = object1.begin();
	I o2_begin = object2.begin();
        I o1_end = object1.end();

	for(I io1 = o1_begin, io2 = o2_begin; io1 != o1_end; ++io1, ++io2)
 	{
		// Do something with *io1 and *io2, for instance:
		// *io1 += *io2;
	}
}

This is all nice: any object having a forward iterator works in there.

Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:

io1 = iter(object1)
io2 = iter(object2)

try:
  while 1:
    io1.next() += io2.next()
except StopIteration:
  pass

That won't work:
SyntaxError: can't assign to function call

Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?

Thanks!

Pierre



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul  6 15:41:26 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 21:41:26 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152190783.342973.99580@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152190783.342973.99580@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ad6633$0$14734$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

meridian a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>meridian wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>def doIt(name=None):
>>>> global gname
>>>> if name is None:
>>>>   name = gname
>>>> else:
>>>>   gname = name
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Thanks Bruno, works a treat...
>>>
>>
>>But still very probably a bad idea.
>>
> 
> Ok, my curiosity is pique'd - is there a better way to hold my
> app/module globals?

Probably !-)

Now which one depends on your app design and execution model...

> I must say I'd prefer not to write global <var> in every function, for
> every global var I need.

> Maybe there's a simpler way to structure?... by a global class or
> something?

<ot>What is a "global class" ?</ot>

The problem with "app globals" is that they introduce too much coupling 
(you end up having all your code depending on the globals). So the first 
thing to do is identify who really needs to know what, and who is 
responsible for knowing what. Anyway, most globals should be 
configuration stuff - so usually read only. There are very good reasons 
to avoid modifying globals in functions, and specially when it comes to 
web programming where you have to handle concurrent access (which is why 
I insist on telling you that what you want to do may be very dangerous).

Usually one uses a variant of the MVC, which helps separating concerns : 
the model is about data (structure and persistance), the view(s) about 
outputs (display data), and the controler about inputs (processing the 
request). The flow is something like: controller parses request, takes 
any appropriate action, selects appropriate elements from the model, 
feed'em to appropriate view, and returns the result of view execution as 
a response (general scheme, depends on whether it's plain cgi, 
mod_python, fastcgi, wsgi, standalone server or whatnot).

It's clear that the controler needs some knowldge about the model and 
the views, that the views are tightly coupled to the model but don't 
need to know about the controller, and that the model just don't give a 
damn about both controller and views. So we have:

controller -> depends on model and view
view -> depends on model
model -> depends on nobody

Since handling a request is the controller's duty, the model should not 
know about the request. The only 'global' things the model has to know 
are related to data access configuration (db connection string, physical 
path to resources on the filesystem etc...). Since the model is called 
by the controller, it's the controller's job to pass these informations 
to the model when appropriate.

Views may also need to access app-wide settings like urls to resources, 
localisation stuff etc. Here again, since views are invoked by the 
controller, it's usually the controller that is responsible for passing 
relevant knowledge to the views - either directly (raw data) or 
indirectly (thru some helper objects that holds the required knowledge 
and are called by the view code).

As you can see, you've already eliminated any needs for globals in both 
the views and the model (view or model specific module-level 
pseudo-constants set aside, but then it's mostly safe).

I don't know which web solution you use, but I strongly suggest that you 
take some time studying existing web applications or frameworks like 
Trac, Django, CherryPy etc.

HTH


From ciccio at unical.it  Thu Jul 13 09:55:23 2006
From: ciccio at unical.it (ciccio at unical.it)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:55:23 +0200
Subject: problem in executing a file
Message-ID: <1152798923.44b650cb55bd9@webmail.unical.it>



Dear all,

I'm using python to manage a web-site. In particular, a user insert specific
parameters in a form and, then, I recover all parameters and run an executable
file according to the user parameters. The output is finally showed in a new
web-page.
The problem is when I need to run the executable file. I tried with:

import os
os.system("file.exe parameters")

but I received an error like "cmd.exe : permission deneided"

Probably I don't have the permission to execute the file. However, the server
administrator said me that he cannot give me the permission, but I can also use
ed execute files in my folder. so, is there a way to execute a file in my folder
using python and not the os module?

Thank you

Ernesto 

-------------------------------------------------
This mail sent through IMP: http://horde.org/imp/



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 09:20:58 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:20:58 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152456954.095304.232700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152462089.424810.57630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152533921.782540.155650@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152537658.025265.160450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> > Gerard Flanagan wrote:
> > > kepioo wrote:
> > > > Hi all,
> > > >
> > > > I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
> > > > miserably.
> > > >
> > > > what i want to do :
> > > >
> > > > i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> > > > key3,value]], value]
> > > >
> > > > example :
> > > > [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
> > > >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
> > > >  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
> > > >  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
> > > >  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
> > > >
> > >
> > > [snip example data]
> > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > If anyone has an idea of implemetation or any code ( i was trying with
> > > > ElementTree...
> > > >
> > >
> > > (You should have posted the code you tried)
> > >
> > > The code below might help (though you should test it more than I have).
> > > The 'findall' function comes from here:
> > >
> > >     http://gflanagan.net/site/python/elementfilter/elementfilter.py
> > >
> > > it's not the elementtree one.
> > >
> >
> > Sorry, elementfilter.py was a bit broken - fixed now.  Use the current
> > one and change the code I posted to:
> >
> >     [...]
> >     existing_route = findall(results, "route[@id==%s]" % routeid)
> > #changed line
> >     if existing_route:
> >         route = existing_route[0]
> >         existing_equip = findall(route, "equip[@id=='%s']" % equipid)
> >         if existing_equip:
> >     [...]
> >
> > ie. don't quote the route id since it's numeric.

kepioo wrote:
> thanks a lot for the code.
>
> It was not working the first time (do not recognize item and
> existing_time --

Apologies, I ran the code from PythonWin which remembers names that
were previously declared though deleted - should have run it as a
script.

> i changed item by r[-1] and existing_time by
> existing_equip).
>

'item' was wrong but not the other two.  (I'm assuming your data is
regular - ie. all the records have the same number of fields)

change the for loop to the following:

8<------------------------------------------------------

for routeid, equipid, timeid, data in records:
    route, equip, time = None, None, None
    existing_route = findall(results, "route[@id==%s]" % routeid)
    if existing_route:
        route = existing_route[0]
        existing_equip = findall(route, "equip[@id==%s]" % equipid)
        if existing_equip:
            equip = existing_equip[0]
            existing_time = findall(equip, "time[@id==%s]" % timeid)
            if existing_time:
                time = existing_time[0]
    route = route or SubElement(results, 'route', id=routeid)
    equip = equip or SubElement(route, 'equip', id=equipid)
    time = time or SubElement(equip, 'time', id=timeid)
    dataitem = SubElement(time,'data')
    dataitem.text = data

8<------------------------------------------------------

> however, it is not producing the result i expected, as in it doesn't
> group by same category the elements, it creates a new block of xml
>
[...]

the changes above should give you what you want - remember, as I wrote
in the previous post, it should be:

    "[@id==%s]"

not

    "[@id=='%s']"

ie. no single quotes needed.

With the above amended code I get:

<results>
    <route id="23">
        <equip id="jr2">
            <time id="3pm">
                <data>my first value</data>
                <data>my third value</data>
            </time>
        </equip>
        <equip id="jr1">
            <time id="3pm">
                <data>my second value</data>
            </time>
        </equip>
    </route>
    <route id="24">
        <equip id="jr2">
            <time id="3pm">
                <data>my fourth value</data>
            </time>
        </equip>
    </route>
    <route id="25">
        <equip id="jr2">
            <time id="3pm">
                <data>my fifth value</data>
            </time>
            <time id="4pm">
                <data>my sixth value</data>
            </time>
        </equip>
    </route>
</results>
------------------------------------

all the best

Gerard

ps. this newsgroup prefers that you don't top-post.



From aldonnelley at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 04:02:18 2006
From: aldonnelley at gmail.com (aldonnelley at gmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:02:18 -0700
Subject: Is it possible to get image size before/without downloading?
Message-ID: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi there: a bit of a left-field question, I think.
I'm writing a program that analyses image files downloaded with a basic
crawler, and it's slow, mainly because I only want to analyse files
within a certain size range, and I'm having to download all the files
on the page, open them, get their size, and then only analyse the ones
that are in that size range.
Is there a way (in python, of course!) to get the size of images before
or without downloading them? I've checked around, and I can't seem to
find anything promising...

Anybody got any clues?

Cheers, Al.



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 14:32:10 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:32:10 -0700
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
In-Reply-To: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org>
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org>
Message-ID: <1154111530.395917.125250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

recursion.
def get_As(L):
    res = []
    for elem in L:
        if isinstance(elem, A):
            res.append(elem)
        elif isinstance(elem, list):
            res += get_As(elem)
    return res

i also have a Tree class in my rc:
http://home.comcast.net/~faulkner612/programming/python/pythonrc.py

yomgui wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a list of data (type A)
> my list can includes element of type A or a lists,
> these list can includes element of type A or a lists, and so on ...
>
> is there a simple way to obtain a single list of all the elemets
> of type A ?
> 
> thanks
> 
> yomgui



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 24 15:30:50 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:30:50 -0000
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153767976.683608.125290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ca7vapqkr7h98@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-24, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
> ok, i did this print ' '.join(["%02.2x" % ord(b) for b in message])
> and i got this in the text file

> 5354580000002c000000ea3137353834363638353500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d6090d5400000000454e58

No, I don't think so. If you did what you said you did, you
would have gotten something with spaces in it:

>>> ' '.join(["%02.2x" % ord(b) for b in "hi there, how are you"])
'68 69 20 74 68 65 72 65 2c 20 68 6f 77 20 61 72 65 20 79 6f 75'

It's very important that you cut-paste things into postings
exactly as they appear in your program and output.  We can
sometimes guess what you did, but not always.  In this case,
I'm guessing you did ''.join rather than ' '.join.

> so, yes, more of the info seems discernable now.
>
> according to their docs, all of their variables are sent as 32bit long
> int (prefferably unsigned long int).

Then you can use the struct module to pull those values out of
the message:

  def tohex(bytes):
    return ' '.join(['%02.2x' % ord(b) for b in bytes])

  startDelimiter,msglen = struct.unpack('>3sI', message[:7])
  endDelimiter = struc.unpack('>3s',message[-3:])
  assert startDelimiter == 'STX'
  assert endDelimiter == 'ENX'
  payload = message[7:-3]  
  assert msglen == len(payload)

  while len(payload) >= 4:
    print struct.unpack('>I',payload[:4])
    payload = payload[4:]

  if payload:
    print "extra bytes", tohex(payload)  
  
... or whatever.  You'll probably want to pull the message type
out first, and then look up a format string using the message
type as the key.
    
NB:  The above code is off-the-cuff and untested.  It almost
certainly contains typos and maybe even a thinko.

> the big deal in the docs goes on about how the clients need the byte
> order to match

That's what the '>' at the beginning of the struct format
string does.  Your message appears to be big-endian, so you use
the '>' specifier to tell the struct module to interprent the
data as big-endian.

> that of the arch that the server runs on 'Sun UltraSPARC'

Which is indeed big-endian.

> i think they run Solaris.

Which doesn't actually matter -- you'd see the same thing if
they were running Linux, BSD, or some other OS.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Are we live or
                                  at               on tape?
                               visi.com            


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul  4 05:21:56 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:51:56 +0530
Subject: inline metaclasses
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.07.12.05.119812@gmx.net>
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>	<mailman.7745.1151983064.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.04.07.12.05.119812@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44AA3334.3060004@tachyontech.net>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> K.S.Sreeram wrote:
>> The very fact that you can put a loop inside __metaclass__ may be reason
>> enough for a one-off metaclass.
> 
> Ah, it's not the loop but the access to the `dict`!  You can write loops
> at class level too but I haven't found a way to access `X`s `__dict__`
> because `X` does not exist at this point.

You're right. I guess i wasn't clear in my previous post, but I was
referring to 'the ability to process the dict (say, using loops)'

> BTW, if that's what gangesmaster is after then it seem to work already. 
> Put ``(object)`` after ``X`` and return something, say 'a' and 'b', in the
> getters and the example prints 'a' and 'b'.

btw, the example seems to work even with old-style classes.

Regards
Sreeram

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From jling at bioinformatics.ubc.ca  Mon Jul 10 17:51:19 2006
From: jling at bioinformatics.ubc.ca (John Ling)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:51:19 -0700
Subject: Python setup script problem
Message-ID: <44B2CBD7.9060502@bioinformatics.ubc.ca>

Hello, I have been trying to install an application which requires Python:
http://chip.dfci.harvard.edu/~wli/MAT/

My environment is AIX 5.2.  Below is the section of the setup that has 
failed, which BTW works fine on Fedora 5.
I suspect it has to do with Python on AIX and/or the setup.py script. 
Has anyone experienced this before?

MAT-2.04182006> python setup.py install
Found make and swig.
make -C AffyFileParser clean
make[1]: Entering directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/AffyFileParser'
rm -f extension/*
make[1]: Leaving directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/AffyFileParser'
make -C gaussian clean
make[1]: Entering directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/gaussian'
rm -f extension/*
make[1]: Leaving directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/gaussian'
make -C AffyFileParser all
make[1]: Entering directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/AffyFileParser'
swig -c++ -python -Iaffymetrix -Iswig -o 
extension/AffyFileParser_wrap.cpp swig/AffyFileParser.i
affymetrix/TagValuePair.h:45: Warning(362): operator= ignored
affymetrix/CHPFileData.h:72: Warning(362): operator= ignored
affymetrix/CHPFileData.h:406: Warning(362): operator= ignored
affymetrix/CHPFileData.h:466: Warning(362): operator= ignored
affymetrix/CHPFileData.h:499: Warning(362): operator= ignored
cp python/* extension
make[1]: Leaving directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/AffyFileParser'
make -C gaussian all
make[1]: Entering directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/gaussian'
swig -c++ -python -Igsl -Iswig -o extension/gaussian_wrap.cpp 
swig/gaussian.i
cp python/* extension
make[1]: Leaving directory 
`/flash/home/jling/dl/MAT-2.04182006/src/gaussian'
running install
running build
running build_py
copying src/MAT/AffyFileParser.py -> build/lib.aix-5.2-2.4/MAT
copying src/MAT/gaussian.py -> build/lib.aix-5.2-2.4/MAT
running build_ext
building '_gaussian' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -O3 -Wall 
-Wstrict-prototypes -Isrc/gaussian/gsl -I/usr/local/include/python2.4 -c 
src/gaussian/extension/gaussian_wrap.cpp -o 
build/temp.aix-5.2-2.4/src/gaussian/extension/gaussian_wrap.o
In file included from /usr/local/include/python2.4/Python.h:8,
                  from src/gaussian/extension/gaussian_wrap.cpp:129:
/usr/local/include/python2.4/pyconfig.h:844:1: warning: "_XOPEN_SOURCE" 
redefined
<command line>:4:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
c++ gcc -pthread -bI:/usr/local/lib/python2.4/config/python.exp 
build/temp.aix-5.2-2.4/src/gaussian/gsl/gauss.o 
build/temp.aix-5.2-2.4/src/gaussian/gsl/gaussinv.o 
build/temp.aix-5.2-2.4/src/gaussian/extension/gaussian_wrap.o -o 
build/lib.aix-5.2-2.4/MAT/_gaussian.so
c++: `-b' must come at the start of the command line
error: command 'c++' failed with exit status 1


Much Appreciated,

-- 
John Ling
Software developer, UBC Bioinformatics Centre & UBC Proteomics Centre


From shitizb at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:16:55 2006
From: shitizb at yahoo.com (Shitiz Bansal)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:16:55 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154019922.130736.150070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060727171655.38078.qmail@web53805.mail.yahoo.com>

How do i share memory between processes?

"sjdevnull at yahoo.com" <sjdevnull at yahoo.com> wrote: John Henry wrote:
> If you're sharing things, I would thread. I would not want to  pay the
> expense of a process.

This is generally a false cost.  There are very few applications where
thread/process startup time is at all a fast path, and there are
likewise few where the difference in context switching time matters at
all.  Indeed, in a Python program on a multiprocessor system, process
are potentially faster than threads, not slower.

Moreover, to get at best a small performance gain you pay a huge cost
by sacrificing memory protection within the threaded process.

You can share things between processes, but you can't memory protect
things between threads.  So if you need some of each (some things
shared and others protected), processes are the clear choice.

Now, for a few applications threads make sense.  Usually that means
applications that have to share a great number of complex data
structures (and normally, making the choice for performance reasons
means your design is flawed and you could help performance greatly by
reworking it--though there may be some exceptions).  But the general
rule when choosing between them should be "use processes when you can,
and threads when you must".

Sadly, too many programmers greatly overuse threading.  That problem is
exacerbated by the number of beginner-level programming books that talk
about how to use threads without ever mentioning processes (and without
going into the design of multi-execution apps).

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


 __________________________________________________
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From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 02:44:34 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:44:34 +1200
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-2015DB.18443403072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1151843919.160078.263450 at j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
 "placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> wrote:

>Jim Segrave wrote:
>
>> Don't use telnet. it's clumsy and has security issues.
>
>if youre behind a firewall then it shouldnt matter.

Still not a good idea.


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Mon Jul 24 11:17:40 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 15:17:40 GMT
Subject: P.S. Re: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
References: <mailman.31576.1153582165.27774.python-list@python.org>
	<mailman.8462.1153753460.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns980AA53C8F811duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

David G. Wonnacott wrote:

> In response to my question, ``What is the idiomatically appropriate
> Python way to pass, as a "function-type parameter", code that is most
> clearly written with a local variable?'', a number of you made very
> helpful suggestions, including the use of a default argument; if one
> wanted to give a name to the constant one in my original example,
> 
>    map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])
> 
> one would write
> 
>    map(lambda x, one=1: x+one, [5, 17, 49.5])
> 
> I've been using this happily in several cases, but just discovered
> that (of course), the variable "x" is not in scope until the
> expression in the lambda, so if one wanted to, say, have a variable
> that was 3*x, one could NOT write
> 
>    map(lambda x, threex=3*x: x+threex, [5, 17, 49.5])
> 
> [obviously there are easier ways to find 4*x, but I'm trying to keep
> close to my simplified example].
> 
> I'll need to show the code to beginners, so I don't want to get into
> the complexity of using the more advanced solutions that were
> suggested (closures or callable classes), so I'm going to bail out in
> such cases and just not use an anonymous function here.
> 

Not using an anonymous function certainly sounds to me like the most 
"idiomatically appropriate Python way" to do this.

def fourx(x):
   threex = 3 * x
   return x + threex

map(fourx, [5, 17, 49.5])

The advantages over the lambda include the ability to use local variables 
and split the function naturally over multiple lines. Also you get to use a 
meaningful name to describe the function.


From yuxi at ece.gatech.edu  Tue Jul 18 18:22:17 2006
From: yuxi at ece.gatech.edu (Yu-Xi Lim)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 18:22:17 -0400
Subject: Capturing instant messages
In-Reply-To: <1153253029.377799.187760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9jc4r$4vu$1@news-int.gatech.edu>
	<1153253029.377799.187760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jmv9$6eb$1@news-int2.gatech.edu>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Assuming a one person per one machine per one chat protocol it might be
> possible to recreate the tcp streams (a lot of packet capturing devices
> already do that). So the gateway would have to have some kind of a
> dispatch that would recognize the initialization of a chat loggon and
> start a capture process for each such connection. I imagine with a 1000
> employess he will end up with a 1000 processes running at the same
> time. Another way is to capture all the streams at once that deal with
> the chat protocol and ports and then replay them later and somehow
> cre-create the tcp streams and chat messages in a cron batch job (at
> night or weekend).

As I said, it's tedious, not impossible. :) The AIM Sniff project (perl,
not Python) does most of what you describe, but has bugs because of the
approach.

You're also ignoring the fact that each person may chat with more than
one person. Some protocols route all messages through a central server,
making it impossible to use the IP of the other party as a unique
identifier (not that it's a good idea to use the IP anyway, since the
assumption of one unique and consistent IP per person is weak).
Furthermore, you have to deal with failed messages, resends, etc at the
application layer. And there are also other non-trivial (but thankfully
rarely occurring) issues with TCP stream reconstruction.

Basically, it's looking at the wrong OSI layer. An application layer
protocol is best handled at the application where all the necessary
semantics are easily available. It /is/ an business/organization trying
to conform to SOX, so something as minor as switching and standardizing
IM clients (not necessarily protocols) would be probably the least of
their problems. And probably more manageable than a custom script for a
non-trivial activity.

There are definitely enterprise solutions available. And if you want to
get Python involved in this discussion, consider GAIM, which can be
scripted using Python via a plugin.


From PPNTWIMBXFFC at spammotel.com  Thu Jul  6 03:55:30 2006
From: PPNTWIMBXFFC at spammotel.com (Marco Aschwanden)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 09:55:30 +0200
Subject: XML-RPC server-client communication
References: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tb9casj9c87q46@famasm>

> server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
> 22999))

Could it be that xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx stands for '127.0.0.1'? If so... rename  
it to 'localhost'. If you bind a port to 127.0.0.1 it will be found only  
on the same machine.
Greetings,
Marco



From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 20 11:35:54 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:35:54 -0700
Subject: Python linker
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hirmh4.1bwo635ef6oqoN%aleax@mac.com>

<byteschreck at googlemail.com> wrote:

> I develop shareware applications that need to be extremely slim (less
> than 1 MB is preferable).
> 
> Delphi applications easily meet this requirement and I can expect end
> users to download the .NET framework (if they don't already have it!).
> 
> However, I cannot expect users to download 3.5 MB.
> 
> For corporate clients, size does not matter the least, but for end
> users, anything that is a couple of megs seems "bloated".

So use IronPython -- that's what it's for, after all: letting you write
Python applications for .NET.  See
<http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=IronPython>: it's
now in Beta9 and the final non-beta release should be out soon.


Alex


From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 01:56:55 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 22:56:55 -0700
Subject: How to increase the window sinze in python?
Message-ID: <1152251815.366913.234980@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

hi all,
i want to inctrease the window size in python and make it as big as
normal window.
at the same time i want to change the background colour of the screen.
what's the solution?



From thorley at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 17:39:00 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:39:00 -0700
Subject: inheritance, types, operator overload, head ache
Message-ID: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I'm working with the following code. I included some tests to make it
easy to see--if you run the code--what troubles I'm having.

Can some one *please* splain me why str(obj) works but not print obj,
and why obj.__int__() works, but not int(obj). I just don't get it. :(

BTW: The reason I'm going to all this mess is that I need a Byte object
that can
* print like a byte e.g. \x00
* adds like a string (concatinates)
* does bitwise math like a byte
* coereces to an int
* works with ''.join() -- The whole reason I'm inheriting from str
* Oh yeah, and some other classes inherit from it and have sequence
like behavior

Much thanks to any that can unveil the mystery and correct my broken
understanding.

regards
--
mthorley


<code>
import struct
class Byte(str): # Implement Bytes as str for easy adding and joining
    """Byte data type

        Inherits from str so join will work, but supports bitwise
operations
        via operator overloading. Given a digit it uses struct to
produce
        the correct string format. Given a non digit string, it
attempts to
        convert it to a digit using struct.unpack, and initialize its
self

        >>> b = Byte(1)
        >>> b
        '\\x01'
        >>> str(b)
        '\\x01'
        >>> b + b
        '\\x01\\x01'
        >>> ''.join([b,b])
        '\\x01\\x01'
        >>> b[0]
        '\\x01'
        >>> for i in b: i
        '\\x01'
        >>> b >> 8
        0
        >>> b << 8
        256
        >>> b._int
        1
        >>> len(b)
        1
        >>> type(b._int)
        <type 'int'>
        >>> b.__int__()
        1
        >>> int(b)
        1
        >>> print b
        1
    """
    def __new__(self, val):
        if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
            val = struct.unpack('B', val) #ensure input is valid struct
byte
        self._byte = struct.pack('B', val)
        self._int = int(val)
        return str.__new__(self, self._byte)

    def __int__(self):
        return self._int

    def __lshift__(self, x):
        return self._int << x

    def __rshift__(self, x):
        return self._int >> x

    def __len__(self):
        return 1


def _test():
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    _test()
</code>



From nick at craig-wood.com  Tue Jul  4 05:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 04:30:03 -0500
Subject: Time out question
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1> <1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>
	<slrneai1i6.p42.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<12aiafi46nos12f@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <slrneakajv.o2u.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> wrote:
>  On 2006-07-03, Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> wrote:
> > Alex Martelli <aleax at mac.com> wrote:
> >>  DarkBlue <nomail at nixmail.com> wrote:
> >> >  try for 10 seconds
> >> >    if database.connected :
> >> >     do your remote thing
> >> >  except raise after 10 seconds
> >> >    abort any connection attempt
> >> >    do something else 
> >> 
> >>  Sure, see function setdefaulttimeout in module socket.  Just call it as
> >>  you wish before trying the DB connection and catch the resulting
> >>  exception.
> >
> > It would be nice to have language support for the general case, ie a
> > general purpose timeout.
> 
>  I just use signal.alarm():

There are quite a lot of problems with alarm()

1) doesn't work on windows
2) there is only one alarm so nested alarms are tricky
3) alarm() only has 1 second resolution, however you can use the POSIX
   setitimer() which has better resolution
4) signals make havoc with some things (signals are basically
   interrupts passed to user space under unix)
5) alarm() doesn't play nice with threads

All that said it does work under unix for a lot of programs.  Here is
a module which fixes point 2) anyway...

It is a lot easier to follow than the threads example I posted
earlier.  There are still potential race conditions though even with
something as simple as alarm()!

............................................................

"""
Implement time limited function calls.  Only works on platforms which
support the signal module and signal.alarm()

Eg

from time_limit import time_limit, TimeOut

def might_infinite_loop(arg):
    while 1:
        pass

try:
    time_limit(10, might_infinite_loop, "some arg")
except TimeOut:
    print "Oops took too long"
else:
    print "Ran just fine"

"""

import signal
import time
import inspect

class TimeOut(Exception):
    """Thrown on alarm"""
    pass

class _NestedTimeOut(Exception):
    """Thrown on TimeOut detected for next layer"""
    pass

def _sig_alarm(signum, frame):
    """Alarm handler for this module"""
    raise TimeOut()

def time_limit(t_limit, fn, *args, **kwargs):
    """
    Calls fn with the *args and **kwargs returning its result or
    raising a TimeOut exception if it doesn't complete within t
    seconds
    """

    # Turn alarm off and read old value
    old_t_limit = signal.alarm(0)
    start_time = time.time()
    # Install new handler remembering old
    old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, _sig_alarm)
    # Set the timer going
    signal.alarm(t_limit)

    try:
        try:
            try:
                rc = fn(*args, **kwargs)
            except _NestedTimeOut:
                raise TimeOut()
        finally:
            # Disable alarm
            signal.alarm(0)
    finally:
        # Alarm will be disabled or will have gone off when we get here
        # Restore the old handler
        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, old_handler)
        # If there was an alarm running restore it
        if old_t_limit > 0:
            # Calculate how much of the old timeout is left
            elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
            old_t_limit = int(round(old_t_limit - elapsed_time, 0))
            if old_t_limit <= 0:
                # Alarm should have gone off so call old signal handler
                if old_handler == _sig_alarm:
                    # If handler is our handler then...
                    raise _NestedTimeOut()
                else:
                    # Call old handler
                    old_handler(signal.SIGALRM, inspect.currentframe())
            else:
                # Re-enable alarm
                signal.alarm(old_t_limit)

    return rc

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    def _spin(t):
        """Spins for t seconds"""
        start = time.time()
        end = start + t
        while time.time() < end:
            pass

    def _test_time_limit(name, expecting_time_out, t_limit, fn, *args, **kwargs):
        """Test time_limit"""
        start = time.time()
        
        if expecting_time_out:
            print "Test",name,"should timeout"
        else:
            print "Test",name,"shouldn't timeout"

        try:
            time_limit(t_limit, fn, *args, **kwargs)
        except TimeOut, e:
            if expecting_time_out:
                print "Timeout generated OK"
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("Wasn't expecting TimeOut Here")
        else:
            if expecting_time_out:
                raise RuntimeError("Was expecting TimeOut Here")
            else:
                print "No timeout generated OK"

        elapsed = time.time() - start
        print "That took",elapsed,"seconds for timeout of",t_limit

    def test():
        """Test code"""

        # no nesting
        _test_time_limit("simple #1", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("simple #2", False, 10, _spin, 5)

        # 1 level of nesting
        _test_time_limit("nested #1", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #1a", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #2", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #2a", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #3", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #3a", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #4", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #4a", False, 10, _spin, 5)

        # 2 level of nesting
        _test_time_limit("nested #5", True, 3, _test_time_limit, "nested #5a", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #5b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #6", True, 3, _test_time_limit, "nested #6a", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #6b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #7", True, 3, _test_time_limit, "nested #7a", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #7b", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #8", True, 3, _test_time_limit, "nested #8a", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #8b", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #9", False, 7, _test_time_limit, "nested #9a", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #9b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #10", False, 7, _test_time_limit, "nested #10a", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #10b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #11", False, 7, _test_time_limit, "nested #11a", True, 4, _test_time_limit, "nested #11b", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #12", False, 7, _test_time_limit, "nested #12a", False, 6, _test_time_limit, "nested #12b", False, 10, _spin, 5)

        print "All tests OK"

    test()

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 10:42:06 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:42:06 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e8gj3p$ssi$1@sea.gmane.org>

Antoon Pardon wrote:

> Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword

sure, and Python could also have been invented by aliens, powered by 
space potatoes, and been illegal to inhale in Belgium.

have any of your "my mental model of how Python works is more important 
than how it actually works" ever had a point ?

</F>



From mensanator at aol.com  Fri Jul  7 13:39:57 2006
From: mensanator at aol.com (mensanator at aol.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:39:57 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152293997.461211.251340@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>


Thomas Nelson wrote:
> I have this code:
> type1 = [0]
> type2 = [0]
> type3 = [0]
> map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}  # the real map is
> longer than this
>
> def increment(value):
> 	map[value][0] += 1
>
> increment(1)
> increment(1)
> increment(0)
> increment(4)
> #increment will actually be called many times through other functions
> print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]
> #should print "3 1 0"
>
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?

I usually do this:

>>> histogram = {}
>>> for i in range(1,7):
	for j in range(1,7):
		s = i + j
		if histogram.has_key(s):
			histogram[s] += 1
		else:
			histogram[s] = 1

>>> for i in histogram:
	print i,histogram[i]

2 1
3 2
4 3
5 4
6 5
7 6
8 5
9 4
10 3
11 2
12 1

Note that only results actually encountered create dictionary
entries, so there is no result for index 0 or 1. 

> 
> Thanks,
> THN



From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Thu Jul 13 00:29:34 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 23:29:34 -0500
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B5CC2E.7040005@anansispaceworks.com>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>  The original post just said that he wanted to index some values by
>  their urls and didn't really care about the urls themselves, so I
>  suggested that he just use the hash of the key as the key. The
>  dictionary will then take a hash of that [note that:
>  hash(string)=hash(hash(string)) ] then the dictionary will not keep
>  the reference to the urls and GC will collect them. So instead of
>  dic[urlstring']=value he will do dic[hash(urlstring)]=value. But then
>  to retrieve he will have to do old_value=dic[hash(urlstring]].

Note that it is trivial to catch collisions on entry and correct them:

key = hash(url_string)
i      = 0
if d.has_key(key):
   while d.has_key(key):
       i += 1
   d[key + repr(i)] = val
else:
   d[key] = val

or something along those lines. No need to keep the original string.

Obviously this is only efficient if collisions are rare.
   
I am a little surprised that hash(hash(s)) == hash(s), is that actually
true?

Cheers,
Terry

-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From alfargnoli at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 14:15:36 2006
From: alfargnoli at yahoo.com (Al in Dallas)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:15:36 -0700
Subject: Working with Widget after Instance loses the reference
Message-ID: <1154369736.280787.260900@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I made the mistake of creating an instance of a widget and assigning it
to a name I'd already used. Now, if I use root.children or
root.slaves(), I can see the "lost" widget, but can I do anything else
with the string of numbers that shows up when I use root.children? I'd
like to destory the widget, for example. it would be even better if I
could create a new name and have it reference the "lost" widget.

Of course, I can just kill my toplevel and start over.



From mailpitches at email.com  Wed Jul  5 18:01:33 2006
From: mailpitches at email.com (mp)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:01:33 -0700
Subject: Python framework questions
Message-ID: <1152136893.562426.243690@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello, I have a couple general questions.

First, how do most web frameworks serve html? I'm coding in python and
I want to keep all my html seperate from my python stuff. I can serve
these html files from a mysql database or just from the file system, do
people use both these options? Are there other options?

Second, is a cgi-bin directory really necessary? Are there security
issues with configuring Apache to allow cgi-bin execution in other
directories?

Thanks
MP



From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 04:14:22 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:14:22 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> thebjorn wrote:
> > John Machin wrote:
> > > thebjorn wrote:
[...]
> > > Holy code bloat, Batman! Try this:
> > >
> > >     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)
> >
> > yuck :-)
>
> But this:
>     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0) is not yuck???

Correct.

> > [...]
> > > It's the irregular-size months that cause the problems. If you can work
> > > out the months difference, then just floor_div by 12 to get the years
> > > difference.
> >
> > I don't agree that the irregular sized months cause a problem in this
> > case. They do cause a problem if you're asking "when is today + one
> > month?", i.e. there isn't an unambiguous answer to that question in
> > general (e.g. if today was January 31). We're asking a different kind
> > of question though: "has it been at least one month since January 31?",
> > the answer would be no on Feb 29 and yes on Mar 1.
>
> If a bank were paying you interest on a monthly basis, and you
> deposited money on Jan 31 and pulled it out on the last day of
> February, that would count as one month. This is what I call the "today
> - yesterday == 1" rule. For computing things like duration of employee
> service, you need the "today - yesterday == 2" rule -- on the
> assumption that service counts from start of business yesterday to
> close of business today. So hire date of 1 Feb to fire date of (last
> day of Feb) would count as one month.

You give a good argument that the concept of a month is fuzzy, I still
don't believe that it makes the concept of a year fuzzy (or that the
fuzziness of month needs to be accounted for when computing years).

> Sorry, I don't understand. Why are you speechless? What would I want to
> use the calendar module for? Apart from the leap() function and the
> table of days in a month, the calendar module doesn't have any of the
> functionality that one would expect in a general-purpose date class.

Well, I thought replacing a 4 line function with 31 lines, 13 of which
duplicated functionality in the standard library was overkill... I came
up with this yesterday which seems sufficient?

    def yeardiff(a, b):
      y = a.year - b.year
      if (a.month, a.day) < (b.month, b.day): # tuple comparison
          y -= 1
      return y 

-- bjorn



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 00:53:04 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:53:04 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Patrick Maupin wrote:
> PTY wrote:
>
> > It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
> > is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
> > I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
> > use len() or not.
>
> It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:
>
> - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>       sequences are false.
>
>       Yes: if not seq:
>            if seq:
>
>       No: if len(seq)
>           if not len(seq)
>
> The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
> scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
> decision of the language.

That might have made sense when Python and string, list, tuple were the
only sequence types around.

Nowadays, Python has all kinds of spiffy types like numpy arrays,
interators, generators, etc., for which "empty sequence is false" just
doesn't make sense.  If Python had been designed with these types in
mind, I'm not sure "empty list is false" would have been part of the
language, let alone recommend practice.


Carl Banks



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 12 10:00:56 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:00:56 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hkdkgFb8lU1@uni-berlin.de>

cz wrote:

>> The list above is not a valid Python list. What is it that you store in
>> that list?
>>
>> Or is it maybe a dictionary?
>>
>> Stefan
> 
> Thanks for your help. How can I find out about what this is? As I said
> it's generated by a insufficiently documented module. So if this is a
> user defined datatype, is there still a possibility to find the name of
> the data fields storing the xx, xy, ... ?

I guess the objects stored in the list have a __repr__-method overloaded
that produces the text you see. 

What you should do is to install rlcompleter2, fire up a python prompt and
write code that produces a list of your objects. Then you can play around
with the objects and utilize the reflection capabilities of python, which
are conveniently exposed using rlcompleter2.

Another option is to look into the source of that module and identify the
objects created. Documentation is overrated - use the source, Luke!

Diez


From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Tue Jul  4 05:51:12 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 04:51:12 -0500
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AA3A10.8080901@anansispaceworks.com>

. wrote:

>  What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?
>
>  -- JavaScript implementation of Python
>  http://groups.google.it/group/JSython/

Follow the PyPy link.  The other replies were about increasing
execution speed, not ease of implementation.

Implement the "RPython" part in Javascript, then use
the PyPy project to fill in the rest?  That way, you don't
even have to maintain most of it.

http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/news.html

Cheers,
Terry


-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk  Thu Jul 27 06:24:06 2006
From: j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk (Jon Bowlas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:24:06 +0100
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
References: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153995557.224258.180860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <010201c6b166$ca39e450$40e53cc1@wu5>

Ahh, that did it, thanks very much.

Jon
----- Original Message ----- 
From: <blue99 at interia.pl>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 11:19 AM
Subject: Re: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found


> 
> Jon Bowlas wrote:
> 
>> Here's my script:
>>
>> results = context.module_retriever().tuples() # call to ZSQLMethod
>> converted = []
>> for result in results:
>>    result = list(result) # make a list from the tuple
>>    for i in range(len(result)):
>>     # for each element in the listified tuple, make decode to a
>>     # unicode from the latin-1 string
> 
> try this:
>       if result[i] is None: continue
> 
>>     result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')
>>    converted.append(tuple(result)) # tuplify again
>> return converted
> 
> regards,
> Rob
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Sun Jul  9 12:01:55 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 09:01:55 -0700
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
Message-ID: <1152460915.363598.268980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

you want a directory watching daemon. it isn't hard at all to build
from scratch.
first, determine which directories should be watched.
then, os.walk each directory, building a mapping from filename to mtime
[modified time; os.path.getmtime].
next is your main event loop. this while loop consists of os.walk-ing
each directory again, comparing the current mtime to the corresponding
entry in the mapping. if they differ, or if a filename isn't in the
mapping, something happened, at which point you can logick out whether
a file was moved, deleted, changed, or created.

so many folks have looked for this that i'll just write a generic one
and put it in the cheeseshop. look for "dirmon" in about a week.


Claudio Grondi wrote:
> I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but
> as I would like to know the history of past file operations from within
> a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was into it
> already and is so kind to share here his experience.
>
> I have put already much efforts into this subject googling around, but
> up to now in vain. Best option I encountered yet is usage of
> the Greyware 'System Change Log' service which monitors disks for
> changes (http://www.greyware.com/software/systemchangelog/index.asp),
> but in own tests it turned out, that the created log file does not cover
> all file events as e.g. it is not possible to detect when a file is
> moved to a new directory (creation of a new file is logged, but deletion
> is not, not mentioning I would expect a file 'move' event).
> The own Windows logging service rejected to start on my XP SP2 system
> for unknown to me reasons - I don't know how to get it to work (yes, I
> have used the administrator account).
>
> I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000
> or XP it is not possible to track file events as:
>
> - updating/modifying of an existing file/directory
> - deleting an existing file/directory
> - creating a new file/directory
> - _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the
> event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)
> 
> Any hints towards enlightenment?
> 
> Claudio Grondi



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Mon Jul 17 13:01:18 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 10:01:18 -0700
Subject: Starting a GUI application out of an console application
In-Reply-To: <e9gb16$fd2$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <e9gb16$fd2$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153155678.256820.48280@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

put your gui application in another script and start it the same way
you'd start any other application whose exit status you didn't need:
os.popen* or subprocess.Popen.
or, use the threading module to give your qt application another
thread.


Fabian Steiner wrote:
> Hello!
>
> I am currently working on an alternative for the gnome-volume-manager
> for multiseat systems based on HAL and DBus. Whenever the signal
> 'DeviceAdded' is received I would like to start a GUI-Interface where
> the user can choose from different options. But now I am wondering how I
> should start this interface since this GUI must be started by a console
> daemon. What is the most common way to do that?
>
> Usually, I start a PyQt application that way:
>
> app = QApplication(sys.argv)
> ui = Dialog()
> app.setMainWidget(ui)
> ui.show()
> app.exec_loop()
>
> If I start it that way, I am not quite sure whether this will work since
> I have got two main loops then (the one of console daemon [implemented
> by using gobject.MainLoop().run()] and the Qt one). Moreover, once the
> Qt application is started, it should run independently of the console
> daemon.
>
> Unfortunately, I can't think of any possibility to achieve this aim. Do
> you have any suggestions?



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 04:16:20 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:16:20 GMT
Subject: a print bug?
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980D5E504E731duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:

> 
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
>> It has nothing to do with the print command, and everything with
>> floating point precision. See http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html
> 
> 
> how about the discrepancy between
> 
>>>> print 1.2345
> 
> 1.2345
> 
>>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug
> 
>      1.234
> 
> the first one, print knows enough to recognize and print it as 1.2345.
> however, in the second line, when it is round off, it doesn't know it
> is 1.2345 any more.
> 

But you wouldn't complain about this would you?

>>> print "%10.4f" % 1.23445
    1.2345
>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.23445
     1.234

A value which is slightly than 1.2345 prints to 4 decimal places as 1.2345 
and to 3 decimal places as 1.234.

That's all that happens with your value as well: 1.2345 is not exactly 
representable as a floating point number, and the nearest representable 
number is less than 1.2345.


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 02:43:23 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:43:23 +1200
Subject: Can I do it using python??  about xterm and telnet
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-E661A4.18432303072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1151814697.201988.17140 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
 "valpa" <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:

>I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
>telnet on to them and configure them.
>It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
>each server.

Do you need to replicate identical configurations to all the servers?

If so, perhaps you're approaching this the wrong way. A better solution 
might be to look at replicating the config files directly to all 
machines (using rsync, scp etc), rather than editing them in situ on 
every single one.


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul 14 15:33:44 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 21:33:44 +0200
Subject: How to start more than one process at the same time?
References: <1152875546.212270.45910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m2ejwovv53.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> "Dirk Hagemann" <DirkHagemann at gmail.com> (DH) wrote:

>DH> Hi!
>DH> How can I start several jobs at the same time with python? I want to
>DH> collect data from some servers and I don't want to wait until the first
>DH> server is finished. These jobs should run parallel to save time.

Use the subprocess module. 
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Mon Jul 10 08:48:24 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:48:24 +0200
Subject: std in and stdout
In-Reply-To: <44b24a8a$0$12939$91cee783@newsreader02.highway.telekom.at>
References: <44b24a8a$0$12939$91cee783@newsreader02.highway.telekom.at>
Message-ID: <44B24C98.50207@designaproduct.biz>

Juergen Huber ?rta:
> hello,
>
> i have a question!
>
> how would i fix the following problem:
>
> now i have an input file with a fix name and an output file!
> i have this two files hardcoded written in the sourcecode of this function!
>
> in the future i will start this script with the command line.
> the syntax should be look like this:
>
> Python Function | Source File    |   Output File
> -------------------------------------------------------
> fileanalyse.py    sourcefile.csv     filenalyse.txt
>
> i will call the programm always with the commandline, that i could type in
> various filenames for the input and output files!
>
> could anybody help me?!
>
>   
You might want to use sys.argv or the much nicer optparse module:

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-optparse.html

I might not have understood your problem, though. :)

   Laszlo



From schwehr at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:00:53 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:00:53 -0700
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8614.1154004251.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8614.1154004251.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154008853.626230.14030@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Tim!  That works well.  As a followup, is there a standard
compliant way to ask what fields are in the table?

-kurt

Tim Golden wrote:

> | I have some old pysqlite 1.x code that uses a pattern like this:
> |
> | cu.execute('SELECT weight FROM weights WHERE samplename="foo")
> | row = cu.fetchone()
> | weight=row['weight']
> |

>
> http://initd.org/pub/software/pysqlite/doc/usage-guide.html#accessing-co
> lumns-by-name-instead-of-by-index
>
> you have to specify a .row_factory before running the select
> 
> TJG



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Tue Jul  4 06:39:00 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 12:39:00 +0200
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <1151893404.093621.126850@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44A792D9.8080307@alephzarro.com>
	<mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151893404.093621.126850@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aa4545$0$29122$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

uche.ogbuji at gmail.com wrote:
> bruce wrote:
>> is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
>> there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
>> references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
>> to do it...
>>
>> i have a situation where i have something like:
>>  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
>>
>> is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
>> attribute with fo....
>>
>> i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...
> 
> 4Suite [1] supports regex in XPath using the EXSLT community standard's
> regex module [2].  It would be something like:
> 
> [re:match(@class, 'fo.*']
> 
> With the re prefix set as required by the EXSLT module.

Same for lxml, although it's currently only enabled in XSLT:
http://codespeak.net/lxml/api.html#xslt

Guess I should change that for 1.1...

Stefan


From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul 19 22:08:12 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 19:08:12 -0700
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
Message-ID: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all
I am attempting to understand threads to use in a network app which I
am writing.  The part that I am going to use threads on is run on the
clients/workstations.  I will monitor all starting and ending
processes. Below is what I have been doing.  It looks like only the
first thread is starting.  Can someone explain a basic example of how
threads work and are implemented, what is better to use threading or
thread module, and what am I doing wrong in the example below.  I know
I have asked a lot of questions, any help/direction would be
appreciated.

Thanks

import wmi
import pythoncom
import thread

def create():

        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
        c = wmi.WMI()
        while 1 :

            print "watching creation"
            watcher = c.watch_for(notification_type="Creation",
wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
            print watcher()


def delete():

        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
        d = wmi.WMI()
        while 1 :
            print "watching deletion"
            watcher = d.watch_for(notification_type="Deletion",
wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
            print watcher()





thread.start_new_thread(create(),())
thread.start_new_thread(delete(),())



From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:08:17 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:08:17 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

"cannot get it to work." is pretty broad, you are more likely to get
help if you post an error message or any other details.

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I wrote a small app using wxPython on a Linux distro called Ubuntu (it
> is a debain derivative). I ran it on windows and it just worked
> perfectly. Now, when I am trying to install the same app on a different
> Linux Distro (Red Hat Linux) I cannot get it to work. This Red Hat
> variant is a customized version of Red Hat of a Company where I work.
> It uses python 2.3.4.
> I installed wxPython and other dependencies mentioned on
> http://www.wxpython.org/download.php
>
> Can somebody give me some pointers to get it working .?
> 
> Every help is appreciated.



From jordan.nick at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 18:48:14 2006
From: jordan.nick at gmail.com (jordan.nick at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 15:48:14 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8343.1153323940.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8343.1153323940.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153349294.685306.107570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> > I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> > mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> > of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> > upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
> >
> > supply = supply()
> > compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> > combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> > etc.
> >
> > the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> > created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> > (compressor is referenced before creation).
> >
> >
> > aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
> >
> Yes. You are building a generic data structure, so you shouldn't really
> be trying to store individual objects in variables like that. You need a
> data structure that's appropriate to your problem.
>
> For example, you could consider storing them in a list, so you have
>
> components = [supply(), compressor(), combuster()]
>
> Then components[n] is upstream of components[n-1] and downstream of
> components[n+1].

Unfortunately, if he wanted to make the topology more complicated, for
instance having two components downstream, it would be much more
cumbersome to inherit the list object and implement this.

> In short, your thinking about data representation might need to become a
> little more sophisticated.

That sounds a little arrogant. sorry!

> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
> Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From me at jonbowlas.com  Mon Jul 31 04:52:58 2006
From: me at jonbowlas.com (Jonathan Bowlas)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 09:52:58 +0100
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
Message-ID: <023601c6b47e$b91c0ca0$73602452@bowlas>

Hi Listers,

I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
is possible in python?

Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
passed as a list. Therefore if my function is required to perform an action
based on each argument passed in the list the function works correctly but
if it is passed as a string nothing happens.

This is my function:
selecteddeptcodes = context.REQUEST.DEPTCODE
currentstatus = context.REQUEST.STATUS

if currentstatus == 'pending':
?for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
?? context.changetolive(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
if currentstatus == 'old':
?for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
?? context.changetopending(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
return context.pub_dept_form(context, context.REQUEST, message='Updated
Status')

The argument in question is selecteddeptcodes.

I tried to make my function conditional based on the length of the argument
passed but if it?s just one checkbox value passed the length of the argument
is 2 (which is the number of chars passed in the string) and if there are
two checkboxes the length of the argument (which is the number of items in
the list) is also 2. So that doesn?t help.

Any assistance would be appreciated.

Jon





From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 09:48:48 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:48:48 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1154093871.303339.178140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c9e518$0$5496$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154092929.117917.267800@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154093871.303339.178140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154094528.077071.85430@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Ben Sizer wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> But remember, at no point did they think to make that stuff
> deliberately hard so that it would give you safety. It's hard because
> the implementation is relatively complex. The flipside of that is
> writing function objects in C++, which are an ugly hack to get around
> the fact that you can't just assign functions or define them in-place
> in that language. Python makes it trivial by comparison. And as another
> example, if you use the STL in C++ regularly, you will be familiar with
> the hoops you have to jump through in order to use generic functions.
> eg. try to call a polymorphic member function on each pointer in an
> std::map, while passing a fixed parameter to that function... this sort
> of thing is trivial in Python as a side-effect of the fact that the
> attributes are looked up at run-time.

Yeah, I know what you mean. Perhaps that wasn't a good example, but
what I meant was simply that it's different. It doesn't even have to be
complicated like in the C++ case, just different, so say the
interpreter would be able to tell: "oh, this guy wants to rebind the
method", and "oh, that is an error". Right now it can't tell because
both look the same.

I really did like C++ btw. Now I had to force myself really hard just
to get through one chapter off a good book like Effective STL, because
all the time something at the back of my head was telling me like that
that was basically a book about jumping through hoops :)

> 
> -- 
> Ben Sizer



From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 03:57:48 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 00:57:48 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154046444.873205.256120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154082007.253223.54360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154123394.769706.280080@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154159868.541926.305470@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> I don't understand. The examples that I showed went from the last day
> of a month to the last day of another month. [...]

Q1: is ((date-4days)+4days) == date?
Q2: is (((date-4days)+1month)+4days) == date+1month?

Ok, let's use Python'ish syntax (including numbering the days from 0
upwards, and backwards from -1, the last day of the month), you want
the last day of a month plus a month be the last day of the next
month. Simplistically, something like:

   month[-1] + 1 month == (month+1)[-1]               {last-to-last}

but that's obviously not the entire rule you want, unless 4-30 + 1
month == 5-31? So you would also like to have:

   month[i] + 1 month = (month+1)[i]                     {lock-step}

we'd like yesterday to be a day ago? So for suitable i:

   month[i] - 1 day == month[i-1]                      {yesterday-1}
   month[0] - 1 day == (month-1)[-1]                   {yesterday-2}

which leads to a natural definition for when tomorrow is:

   month[i] + 1 day == month[i+1]                       {tomorrow-1}
   month[-1] + 1 day == (month+1)[0]                    {tomorrow-2}

So far so good. Now let's count backwards:

   month[-1] - 1 day == month[-2]                  <by: yesterday-1>
   month[-2] - 1 day == month[-3]                  <by: yesterday-1>
   month[-3] - 1 day == month[-4]                  <by: yesterday-1>
   etc.

In other words, if you insist that the last day of the month is a well
defined concept and you want a day ago to be yesterday then month[-4],
the forth-to-last day of the month, is necessarily also well
defined. Having a well defined month[i], I'll apply your rules for
adding a month:

   month[-4] + 1 month == (month+1)[-4]           <by: last-to-last>

but you don't like this, because that means that e.g.:

   april[-4] + 1 month == may[-4]
   april[27] + 1 month == may[28]

which in addition to {lock-step}:

   april[27] + 1 month == may[27]

either gives an inconsistent, ill-formed, or FUZZY system (although
I would call it "regular" ;-)

My approach is simpler since it doesn't define addition, only
subtraction on valid dates, so if I switch to representing dates as
(month, day):

   (a, b) - (c, d) := a - c       iff b < d               {subtract}
                 else a - c - 1

{subtract} is irregular but well defined for all valid dates (it will
always give you an answer, and it's always the same answer ;-) :

   (2,29) - (1,31) == 0
   (3,1) - (1,31) == 2

I can add "day addition" and still be ok:

   (m,d) + 1 day := (m,d+1)                            {tomorrow-1}
   (m,-1) + 1 day := (m+1,0)                           {tomorrow-2}
   (m,d) - 1 day := (m,d-1)                           {yesterday-1}
   (m,0) - 1 day := (m-1,-1)                          {yesterday-2}

Now my system is well-formed and consitent, even though it is
irregular, and it will answer yes to Q1 above. I can't see a way of
adding month addition to this and stay consistent without enumerating
special cases for every month, so Q2 can't even be asked in my system.

> > You're entitled to your opinion.
>
> And you to yours :-)

Ok, I've explained why I hold mine... You care to do the same?

-- bjorn



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Thu Jul 27 02:00:11 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:00:11 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153980011.192291.178390@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:
> Hi,
> I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
> int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
> explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
> similar circumstances.
>
> The documentation: http://docs.python.org/ref/naming.html does not give
> me enough info to determine why the difference exists as it does not
> seem to mention types at all..
>
> The code:
>
> ===== scope_and_type.py =======
> m = 0
> n = [0]
>
> def int_access0():
>     m = m + 1
>     return m
> def int_access1():
>     m += 1
>     return m
> def list_access0():
>     n[0] = n[0] + 1
>     return n
> def list_access1():
>     n[0] += 1
>     return n
>
> try:
>     print "\nint_access0:", int_access0()
> except UnboundLocalError, inst:
>     print " ERROR:\n", inst
> try:
>     print "\nint_access1:", int_access1()
> except UnboundLocalError, inst:
>     print " ERROR:\n", inst
> try:
>     print "\nlist_access0:", list_access0()
> except UnboundLocalError, inst:
>     print " ERROR:\n", inst
> try:
>     print "\nlist_access1:", list_access1()
> except UnboundLocalError, inst:
>     print " ERROR:\n", inst
>
>
> print "\n (m,n) = ", (m,n)
>
>
> p = (0,)
> def tuple_access():
>     return p[0]
> try:
>     print "\ntuple_acces:", tuple_access()
> except UnboundLocalError, inst:
>     print " ERROR:\n", inst
> print "\n p = ", p
>
> ===== END scope_and_type.py =======
>
> The output:
> >>>
> int_access0:  ERROR:
> local variable 'm' referenced before assignment
>
> int_access1:  ERROR:
> local variable 'm' referenced before assignment
>
> list_access0: [1]
>
> list_access1: [2]
>
>  (m,n) =  (0, [2])
>
> tuple_acces: 0
>
>  p =  (0,)
> >>>

I blogged the following as a summary:
(From:
http://paddy3118.blogspot.com/2006/07/python-functions-assignments-and-scope.html)

 Python Functions: Assignments And Scope

Explaining why this works:

n = [0]
def list_access():
   n[0] = n[0] + 1
   return n

try:
   print "\nlist_access:", list_access()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
   print " ERROR:\n", inst

And this throws the exception:

m = 0
def int_access():
   m = m + 1
   return m

try:
   print "\nint_access:", int_access()
except UnboundLocalError, inst:
   print " ERROR:\n", inst

To execute a source program, the Python compiler compiles your
original source into 'byte codes' - a form of your program that
is easier for the Python interpreter to later run. In generating this
byte code, the byte code compiler will determine which variable names
in a function are local to that function, (so alowing it to optimise
accesses to such local names).

The rule for determining if a variable is local to a function is:

    * If there is a global statement for the name in the function
      then the name is accessed from the global scope.
    * If there is no global statement for the name, and if there
      are assignments to the 'bare' name within the function then the
name
      is of local scope.
      ( A bare name assignment means assignment to a
      name, where the name occurs without attribute references,
      subscripts, or slicing s, just the bare name).
    * Otherwise the name will be looked up in reverse order of all
      enclosing scopes, until it is found.

In the second example, function int_access; name m is flagged as
local by the byte code compiler as the bare name is being assigned
to. The interpreter therefore looks for a value of m to increment
only in the local scope, cannot find a value, then raises the
UnboundLocalError exception.
In function list_access, the bare
name n is not assigned to, so n is found when looking back
through enclosing scopes.
References

   1.


http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/db9955da70c4e0ca
   2.

      http://pyref.infogami.com/assignments
   3.

      http://pyref.infogami.com/naming-and-binding
   4.

      http://www.python.org/doc/2.4/ref/global.html

END.



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 13:04:11 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 10:04:11 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Jack,

As a rule,  if you use a Linux distribution, you should just install
the package and then remove the package using the package manager.
Distutils uninstallation is not supported. Of course you could manually
delete the directory in site-packages in most, but not all (!) cases,
that should remove all the files of the package.

Nick Vatamaniuc

Jack wrote:
> Installing a Python package is easy, most of time just
> "Setup.py install" However, setup.py doesn't seem to support
> an uninstall command. If I want to delete a package that I
> do not use any more, should I just manually delete the
> corresponding sub directory under Lib\site-packages?



From simon at brunningonline.net  Tue Jul 25 08:57:55 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:57:55 +0100
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607250557i6a2a203by5ab2bfa1470bec99@mail.gmail.com>

On 25 Jul 2006 05:46:55 -0700, ryanshewcraft at gmail.com
<ryanshewcraft at gmail.com> wrote:
> Let me start with my disclaimer by saying I'm new to computer
> programming and have doing it for the past three weeks.  I may not be
> completely correct with all the jargon, so please bear with me.
>
> Anyways, I'm writing a function which has a class called
> "MultipleRegression."  I want one of the variables under the __init__
> method to be a list.  I've got:
>
> class MultipleRegression:
>     def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
>         self.dbh = dbh
>         self.regressors = regressors
>
> and I want to be able to enter regressors as a list like
> MultipleRegression(dbh, [1,2,3,4], 5).  But when I do this only the 1
> gets passed to regressors and thus to self.regressors.  Is there any
> simple way to fix this?  Keep in mind that the length of the list may
> vary, so I can't just create a set number of variables and then mash
> them together into a list.

What you have works fine for me:

Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 31 2005, 00:05:10)
[GCC 3.3 20030304 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 1666)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> class MultipleRegression:
...    def __init__(self, dbh, regressors, fund):
...        self.dbh = dbh
...        self.regressors = regressors
...
>>> spam = MultipleRegression('dbh', [1,2,3,4], 5)
>>> spam.regressors
[1, 2, 3, 4]

What makes you think you only have the first member of the list? Can
you show us the code that's not working?

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  2 06:37:21 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 03:37:21 -0700
Subject: PyPy and constraints
Message-ID: <1151836641.760950.46510@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I followed the recent anouncement of version 0.9 of PyPi and found out
that there was work included on adding constraint satisfaction solvers
to PyPy:
  http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/howto-logicobjspace-0.9.html

I was wondering if this was a possibiity for "mainstream" python, and
wether the the algorithms used could handle the kind of use mentioned
here:

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/d297170cfbf1bb34/d4773320e3417d9c?q=constraints+paddy3118&rnum=3#d4773320e3417d9c

Thanks, Paddy.



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 01:13:17 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:13:17 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
>
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
>
> OR
>
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()


Here's another reason not to use "if lst".  Say you have a function
that looks like this:

    def process_values(lst):
        if not lst:
            return
        do_expensive_initialization_step()
        for item in lst:
            do_something_with(item)
        do_expensive_finalization_step()

That works, right?  No problem, right?

What if you called the function like this:

    process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)

Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
throw an exception.

If we had used "if len(list)>0", we'd have gotten a nice exception
telling us that a generator is not welcome.  Then we'd have changed the
argument to a list comprehension, or better, changed the function to
work for any iterator.


Carl Banks



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 20 17:35:05 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 23:35:05 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153416093.081124.52460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153416093.081124.52460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bff56c$0$5495$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Ant a ?crit :
> Came across this article this afternoon - thought it may be of interest
> to some of those following this thread...
> 
> http://www.devx.com/opensource/Article/31593/0/page/2
> 
Yeah. Presenting name mangling as the usual way to have 'private' 
attributes, then implementing (costly) access restriction by using... an 
implementation detail of the sys module. Great.


From girish at cse.iitb.ac.in  Wed Jul  5 06:42:31 2006
From: girish at cse.iitb.ac.in (Girish Sahani)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 16:12:31 +0530 (IST)
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
Message-ID: <57901.10.209.4.2.1152096151.squirrel@10.105.1.3>

hello ppl,

  Consider a list like ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2']. Here 'a','b','c' are
objects and 1,3,4,2 are their instance ids and they are unique e.g. a.1
and b.1 cannot exist together. From this list i want to generate
multiple lists such that each list must have one and only one instance
of every object.
 Thus, for the above list, my output should be:
  [['a.1','b.3','c.2'],['a.1','b.4','c.2']]
 Another example: Let l = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']. Then
output should be [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],[['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3']

 Can anyone suggest me a time-efficient method for doing this??

TIA,
girish


From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 02:39:45 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:39:45 -0700
Subject: MySql
Message-ID: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

HI,

I'm having trouble writing to a MySql db using python and the MySQLdb
module. Here is the code:

import MySQLdb
base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
db="test_py")
cursor = base.cursor()
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")

this does not work but the interesting thing is, there is an
AUTO_INCREMENT
field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
                                   auto  table
                                    1    |    90
                                    2    |    32

and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
add
another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the

python entries:
                       auto    table
                         1    |    90
                         2    |    32
                         6    |    47

please tell me what i am doing wrong. thanks.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 20 18:04:34 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 00:04:34 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com a ?crit :
> Hiya
> 
> Could you just talk me through this... is it:
> 
> 
>>schema = {'turbine1': {'class': 'Turbine',
>>                       'upstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
>>                       'downstream' : () # nothing,
>>                       },
>>          'frobnicator2' : {'class' : 'Frobnicator',
>>                            'upstream' : (),
>>                            'downstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
>>                           },
>>         }
>>
> 
> 
> ok, so schema is a dictionary of different components, defining what
> class they are and what they're connected to.

Yeps.

Note that it could as well be a list of tuple or anything like this, ie:
schema = [
   ('turbine1', 'Turbine', ('frobnicator2',), ()),
   ('frobnicator2', 'Frobnicator', (), ('frobnicator2',),
   ]

I choose a dict for readability.

Also, I gave the example using Python code as 'config' format, but any 
structured enough text format could do, ie JSON, XML, or even ini-like:

# schema.ini
objects = turbine1, frobnicator2

[turbine1]
class=Turbine
upstream=frobnicator2
downstream=

[frobnicator2]
class=Frobnicator
upstream=
downstream=turbine


Now you just read the file with the standard config parser and build 
your chain from it... (implementation left as an exercice...)


>>def get_class_by_name(name):
>>  return globals()[name]
> 
> 
> what does this function do exactly?

Q&D way to retrieve the class object (Python's classes are themselves 
objects) known by it's name (as a string).

globals() returns the module's namespace as a dict object with 
'name':object pairs. This code assume that the name is available in the 
current module's namespace, but could be improved to handle needed 
imports etc.

>>def chain_from_schema(schema):
>>  objects = {}   # so objects is our list of objects ?
>>  for name, desc in schema:   
# can you step through a dictionary like this?

Nope, sorry, it's a mistake I do over and over. It's of course:;
     for name, desc in schema.items():

(note that you can iterate over a dict's keys with 'for k in thedict:' )

>>     klass =  get_class_by_name(desc['class'])   
# does this create an object called klass?

Nope, it binds the class object (retrieved by get_class_by_name()) to 
the local name 'klass' ('class' is a reserved name).

>>     objects[name] = klass()
> 
> sorry for being dim..

Where ?



From sashang at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 19:12:29 2006
From: sashang at gmail.com (sashang at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 16:12:29 -0700
Subject: mirroring object attributes using xml-rpc
Message-ID: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi

Say I have a class like the following

class Test:
  i = 1

  def geti(self):
    return self.i

And I use it in an xml-rpc server like this:

t = Test()
s.register_instance(t)

Then the client code can get the value of i like this:
c = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("address")
c.geti()

but why can't I get the value of i like this?

c.i

How can I implement such behaviour? Moreover, if there were more member
objects in the class Test, how can tell the client 1) that these
attributes exist and 2) how can I use them from the client side without
having to resort to defining a function get_xxx() in the server class?



From ben at serverone.co.uk  Fri Jul 28 09:19:20 2006
From: ben at serverone.co.uk (Ben Edwards)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:19:20 +0100
Subject: Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
Message-ID: <1154092760.8407.15.camel@localhost.localdomain>

I have been going through Dive into Python which up to now has been
excellent.  I am now working through Chapter 9, XML Processing.  I am 9
pages in (p182) in the 'Parsing XML section.  The following code is
supposed to return the whole XML document (I have put ti at the end of
this email):

from xml.dom import minidom
 
xmldoc =
minidom.parse('/home/ben/diveintopython-5.4/py/kgp/binary.xml') 
grammerNode = xmldoc.firstChild
 
print grammerNode.toxml()

But it only returns:

<!DOCTYPE grammar
  PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
  'kgp.dtd'>

The next line is then 

grammerNode.childNodes

And it returns an empty tuples;(

Kind of stuck here as I don't really want to continue.  Has anyone any
idea what is going on?

Ben

binary.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC "-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro
v1.0//EN" "kgp.dtd">
<grammar>
<ref id="bit">
  <p>0</p>
  <p>1</p>
</ref>
<ref id="byte">
  <p><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref
id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref
id="bit"/></p>
</ref>
</grammar>






From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 11 04:49:00 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:49:00 +0200
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hfh55F1rjalkU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<pan.2006.07.10.22.48.00.333936@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <4hh6vjF1p0127U1@uni-berlin.de>

> I'm sorry, perhaps I'm being slow today, but just why are they dangerous?
> More dangerous than, say, mutable lists and mutable dicts? Unless I'm
> missing something, the worst that can happen is that people will write
> inefficient code, and they'll be caught out by the same sort of things
> that surprise newbies about lists. E.g. using a list as a default value
> in function definitions.

Well, they certainly aren't more dangerous than other mutable objects in
python. But in comparison to only dealing with immutable collections, using
immutable strings never made something impossible or even hard to do - at
least for me. Sometimes a bit harder to do efficiently.

So - the overall danger of mutability can be avoided with immutable strings
pretty neat, and thus one should (or could) go without them.

Regards,

Diez


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 12:34:53 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:34:53 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e8tvjd$5pg$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> I disagree. The += version only evaluates the index once, but still has
> to find the object twice.

No it does not *have* to find the object twice and no it does *not* find 
the object twice.  From the viewpoint of the interpreter, the purpose of 
abbreviating 'objectexpression = objectexpression op arg' as 
'objectexpression op=arg' is to avoid unnecessary recalculation

> But as far as I can interpret what is happening from the printed lines

Your print get/set examples from your black-box testing miss the following 
key point.  While the interpreter still has to *use* the object(s) twice, 
once to get and once to set, it no longer has to *calculate* the objects 
twice.  If we open the box and look at the compiled pycode, we get, for 
example:

>>> dis(compile('x[i][j+k]=x[i][j+k]+1', '', 'single'))
  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
              3 LOAD_NAME                1 (i)
              6 BINARY_SUBSCR
              7 LOAD_NAME                2 (j)
             10 LOAD_NAME                3 (k)
             13 BINARY_ADD

             14 BINARY_SUBSCR
             15 LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
             18 BINARY_ADD

             19 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
             22 LOAD_NAME                1 (i)
             25 BINARY_SUBSCR
             26 LOAD_NAME                2 (j)
             29 LOAD_NAME                3 (k)
             32 BINARY_ADD

             33 STORE_SUBSCR

>>> dis(compile('x[i][j+k]+=1', '', 'single'))
  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (x)
              3 LOAD_NAME                1 (i)
              6 BINARY_SUBSCR
              7 LOAD_NAME                2 (j)
             10 LOAD_NAME                3 (k)
             13 BINARY_ADD

             14 DUP_TOPX                 2

             17 BINARY_SUBSCR
             18 LOAD_CONST               0 (1)
             21 INPLACE_ADD

             22 ROT_THREE

             23 STORE_SUBSCR

[blank lines added for clarity]

Both forms call binary_subscr to get the number to add to 1 and both call 
store_subscr to set the result back in the list.  But in the first case, 
the expressions for both the source-target list and the index of the value 
for the addition are duplicated and re-evaluated.  In the second, the 
*results* of the first evaluation are duplicated (on the stack) and saved 
for the storage operation.

For understanding the detailed operation of CPython, dis is a great help

Terry Jan Reedy





From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Mon Jul 17 23:12:26 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:42:26 +0530
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BC519A.2050507@tachyontech.net>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> so if i change the line
>     if i in range (0, 10000):
> to
>     if i >= 0 and i < 10000:
[snip;]
> is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
> be as fast?


you've found that alternative yourself! just use the comparison operators...

in fact, you can write a little more compact as:
    if 0 <= i < 10000 :


[sreeram;]

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From sharidas at zeomega.com  Mon Jul 10 15:05:55 2006
From: sharidas at zeomega.com (Satchidanand Haridas)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:05:55 -0500
Subject: PKCS7 padding implementation in Python
Message-ID: <CF450283-A6BF-453B-899A-BB9809B1904C@zeomega.com>

Hi,

Do any of the cryptographic modules for Python support PKCS7 padding  
scheme? I would like to use this scheme with block cipher encryption  
algorithms to pad text whose length is less than a proper block size.


thanks in advance,
Satchit


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From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 10:07:21 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:07:21 +0100
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130707w6a279af3sce93dda1d3d92625@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/13/06, John Salerno <johnjsal at nospamgmail.com> wrote:
> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as
> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation
> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable
> file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as
> how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to
> do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from
> your memory stick?

Google for Movable Python.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 10:45:04 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 07:45:04 -0700
Subject: Paste text across multiple text boxes
In-Reply-To: <1153835545.941975.183970@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153835545.941975.183970@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153838704.180039.159300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

This link seems to have some relevent code.

http://lists.wxwidgets.org/archive/wxPython-users/msg07340.html

Simon Hibbs



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Wed Jul 19 01:45:21 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:45:21 +1200
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
References: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
Message-ID: <e9kgsd$j8$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322 at trndny01>, Chris Spencer wrote:

> I've been looking for a method of transparent, scalable, and
> human-readable object persistence...

Don't do object persistence. What is an object? It's a combination of code
and data. Code structure is internal to your program--it has no business
being reflected in external data that may be saved to a persistent medium,
transmitted over an external channel or whatever. Otherwise when you
refactor your code, that external data no longer becomes readable without
major backward-compatibility hacks.

Use data abstraction instead: define a high-level data structure that is
independent of implementation details of your code. When you look at the
major data-interchange formats in use today--such as XML, ODF, MPEG,
WAV--there's a reason why none of them are built on object persistence.


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 16:33:19 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 13:33:19 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C7D18F.1010909@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
>> bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
>>     
>>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>>>
>>> I don't get what threading and Twisted would to do for
>>> you. The problem you actually have is that you sometimes
>>> need terminate these other process running other programs.
>>> Use spawn, fork/exec* or maybe one of the popens.
>>>
>>>       
>> I have a strong need for shared memory space in a large distributed
>> environment.
>>     
>
> Distributed shared memory is a tough trick; only a few systems simulate
> it.
>   
Yea, this I understand, maybe I chose some poor words to describe what I 
wanted. I think this conversation is getting hairy and confusing so  I'm 
going to try and paint a better picture of what's going on.  Maybe this 
will help you understand exactly what's going on or at least what I'm 
trying to do, because I feel like we're just running in circles.  After 
the detailed explanation, if threads are the obvious choice or not, it 
will be much easier to pick apart what I need and probably also easier 
for me to see your point... so here goes... (sorry its long, but I keep 
getting dinged for not being thorough enough).

So, I have a distributed build system.  The system is tasked with 
building a fairly complex set of packages that form a product.  The 
system needs to build these packages for 50 architectures using cross 
compilation as well as support for 5 different hosts.  Say there are 
also different versions of this with tweaks for various configurations, 
so in the end I might be trying to build 200+ different things at once.  
I have a computing farm of 40 machines to do this for me..  That's the 
high-level scenario without getting too detailed.  There are also 
subsystems that help us manage the machines and things, I don't want to 
get into that, I'm going to try to focus on a scenario more abstract 
than cluster/resource management stuff.

Alright, so manually running builds is going to be crazy and 
unmanageable.  So what the people who came before me did to manage this 
scenario was to fork on thread per build.  The threads invoke a series 
of calls that look like

os.system(ssh <host> <command>)

or for more complex operations they would just spawn a process that ran 
another python script)

os.system(ssh <host> <script>)

The purpose behind all this was for a couple things:

   * The thread constantly needed information about the state of the 
system (for example we don't want to end up building the same 
architecture twice)
   * We wanted a centralized point of control for an entire build
   * We needed to be able to use as many machines as possible from a 
central location.

Python threads worked very well for this.  os.system behaves a lot like 
many other IO operations in python and the interpreter gives up the 
GIL.  Each thread could run remote operations and we didn't really have 
any problems.  There wasn't much of a need to do fork, all it would have 
done is increased the amount of memory used by the system.

Alright, so this scheme that was first put in place kind of worked.  
There were some problems, for example when someone did something like

os.system(ssh <host> <script>)  we had no good way of knowing what the 
hell happened in the script.  Now granted, they used shared files to do 
some of it over nfs mounts, but I really hate that.  It doesn't work 
well, its clunky, and difficult to manage.  There were other problems 
too, but I just wanted to give a sample.

Alright, so things aren't working, I come on board, I have a boss who 
wants things done immediately.  What we did was created what we called a 
"Python Execution Framework".  The purpose of the framework was to 
mitigate a number of problems we had as well as take the burden of 
distribution away from the programmers by providing a few layers of 
abstraction (i'm only going to focus on the distributed part of the 
framework, the rest is irrelevant to the discussion).  The framework 
executes and threads modules (or lists of modules).  Since we had 
limited time, we designed the framework with "distribution environment" 
in mind but realized that if we shoot for the top right away it will 
take years to get anything implemented. 

Since we knew we eventually wanted a distributed system that could 
execute framework modules entirely on remote machines we carefully 
design and prepared the system for this.  This involves some abstraction 
and some simple mechanisms.  However right now each ssh call will be 
executed from a thread (as they will be done concurrently, just like 
before).  The threads still need to know about the state of the system, 
but we'd also like to be able to issue some type of control that is more 
event driven -- this can be sending the thread a terminate message or 
sending the thread a message regarding the completion of a dependency 
(we use conditions and events to do this synchronization right now).  We 
hoped that in the case of a catastrophic event or a user 'kill' signal 
that the the system could take control of all the threads (or at least, 
ask them to go away), this is what started the conversation in the first 
place.  We don't want to use a polling loop for these threads to check 
for messages, we wanted to use something event driven (I mistakenly used 
the word interrupt in earlier posts, but I think it still illustrates my 
point).  Its not only important that the threads die, but that they die 
with grace.  There's lots of cleanup work that has to be done when 
things exit or things end up in an indeterminable state. 

So, I feel like I have a couple options,

 1) try moving everything to a process oriented configuration - we think 
this would be bad, from a resource standpoint as well as it would make 
things more difficult to move to a fully distributed system later, when 
I get my army of code monkeys.

2) Suck it up and go straight for the distributed system now - managers 
don't like this, but maybe its easier than I think its going to be, I dunno

3) See if we can find some other way of getting the threads to terminate.

4) Kill it and clean it up by hand or helper scripts - we don't want to 
do this either, its one of the major things we're trying to get away from.

Alright, that's still a fairly high-level description.  After all that, 
if threads are still stupid then I think I'll much more easily see it 
but I hope this starts to clear up confused.  I don't really need a 
distributed shared memory environment, but right now I do need shared 
memory and it needs to be used fairly efficiently.  For a fully 
distributed environment I was going to see what various technologies 
offered to pass data around, I figured that they must have some 
mechanism for doing it or at least accessing memory from a central 
location (we're setup to do this now we threads, we just need to expand 
the concept to allow nodes to do it remotely).  Right now, based on what 
I have to do I think threads are the right choice until I can look at a 
better implementation (i hear twisted is good at what I ultimately want 
to do, but I don't know a thing about it).

Alright, if you read all that, thanks, and thanks for your input.  
Whether or not I've agreed with anything, me and a few colleagues 
definitely discuss each idea as its passed to us.  For that, thanks to 
the python list!

-carl


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 08:36:30 2006
From: lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com (lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 05:36:30 -0700
Subject: unicode html
Message-ID: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

X-No-Archive: yes
Hi, I've found lots of material on the net about unicode html
conversions, but still i'm having many problems converting unicode
characters to html entities. Is there any available function to solve
this issue?
As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
\uc3B4 => &ocirc;
for all available html entities.

thanks,
lorenzo



From juergen.huber at kirchnersoft.com  Mon Jul 10 08:39:54 2006
From: juergen.huber at kirchnersoft.com (Juergen Huber)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:39:54 +0200
Subject: std in and stdout
Message-ID: <44b24a8a$0$12939$91cee783@newsreader02.highway.telekom.at>

hello,

i have a question!

how would i fix the following problem:

now i have an input file with a fix name and an output file!
i have this two files hardcoded written in the sourcecode of this function!

in the future i will start this script with the command line.
the syntax should be look like this:

Python Function | Source File    |   Output File
-------------------------------------------------------
fileanalyse.py    sourcefile.csv     filenalyse.txt

i will call the programm always with the commandline, that i could type in
various filenames for the input and output files!

could anybody help me?!



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul  4 13:09:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:09:02 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152030803.023578.262020@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.38.01.427061@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152030803.023578.262020@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aaa0ae$0$31511$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Roman wrote:
(please dont top-post - corrected)
> 
> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> 
>>On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700, Roman wrote:
>>
>>
(snip)
>>
>>>cnt = 0
>>>p=[]
>>>reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>>>                         quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
>>>for line in reader:
>>>    if cnt > 6:
>>>       break
>>
>>That's a very unPythonic way of doing the job. The usual way of doing
>>this would be something like this:
>>
>>for line in reader[:7]:
>>    # no need for the "if cnt > 6: break" clause now
>>
> I am getting
>
> TypeError: unsubscriptable object
>
> when specifying
>
> for line in reader[:7]:
>

Should have been :

for line in list(reader)[:7]:
  # code here


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rnd at onego.ru  Sat Jul 29 08:03:43 2006
From: rnd at onego.ru (Roman Susi)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:03:43 +0300
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
In-Reply-To: <1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CB4E9F.1000605@onego.ru>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:

>True, that is why it behaves the way it does, but which way is the
>correct way? i.e. does the code need updating or the documentation?
>
>  
>
Perhaps, someone can make a bug report... IMHO, docs are wrong.

-Roman

>-Nick V.
>
>olsongt at verizon.net wrote:
>  
>
>>Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>>    
>>
>>>Roman,
>>>
>>>According to the Python call syntax definition
>>>(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
>>>seems like a minor bug.  Here are the  lines in question:
>>>-----http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html-----------
>>>call ::= primary "(" [argument_list [","]] ")"
>>>argument_list::=positional_arguments ["," keyword_arguments] ["," "*"
>>>expression] ["," "**" expression]
>>>	| keyword_arguments ["," "*" expression] ["," "**" expression]
>>>        | "*" expression ["," "**" expression]
>>>        | "**" expression
>>>----------------------------------------------------------
>>>If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
>>>'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
>>>the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
>>>exhaustive example:
>>>--------------------------------------------------------
>>>      
>>>
>>Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:
>>
>>http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209&view=markup
>>
>>parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
>>varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
>>              ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
>>              fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
>>fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'
>>    
>>
>
>  
>



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:13:21 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:13:21 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153739601.098956.188160@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

BTW the link below is good reading! Thanks Steve!

Steve Holden wrote:
>    http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2005/08/i_changed_my_mi.html



From aomighty at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 18:44:30 2006
From: aomighty at gmail.com (aomighty at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:44:30 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
Message-ID: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I wanted to write the following code:

import shelve
try:
   db = shelve.open(file, "r")
except SomeError:
   print "Oh no, db not found"

Only, I'm not sure what SomeError should be. I tried error,
anydbm.error, shelve.open.anydb.error, etc. but can't find it. Things
worked fine with simply except:, but that's not optimal.

Does anyone know either the what the error is or where I can find it
for certain?

Thanks,
Martin



From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 06:20:07 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 03:20:07 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1154046444.873205.256120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154046444.873205.256120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154082007.253223.54360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Jan 31 to Feb 27: 27d (ex) 28d (in)
> Jan 31 to Feb 28: 28d (ex) 1m 1d (in)
> Jan 31 to Mar 01: 1m 1d (ex) 1m 2d (in)
> So 1 day short of 1m 1d is not 1m 0 d???

Exactly. Just as a person born on 1999-3-1 isn't a year old on
2000-2-29. Perfectly regular, consistent and reasonable.

> I'd call this unreasonable, inconsistent, anomalous -- especially
> when on the same website you do 1993-01-31 plus 1 month, it
> gives you 1993-02-28 (as I'd expect).

You're entitled to your opinion.

-- bjorn



From wollez at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 06:55:23 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 12:55:23 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
Message-ID: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>

Hi all,

I've started to write some functions but I have some problems with 
common variables in that functions.

So I have some variables which should be accessible by all my functions 
but not accessible by the rest of my code. How can I do this?

Thanks
Wolfgang

###function.py:

c1=123.0
c2=134.0

def fun(temp):
	return temp+c1-c2

def fun1(temp):
	return temp-c1


### caller.py
from function import *
	print fun(10.0)
	print c1



From pak.andrei at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 14:52:46 2006
From: pak.andrei at gmail.com (pak.andrei at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 11:52:46 -0700
Subject: Html character entity conversion
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154274049.338215.116340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154285566.501511.117190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

danielx wrote:
> pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> > Here is my script:
> >
> > from mechanize import *
> > from BeautifulSoup import *
> > import StringIO
> > b = Browser()
> > f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> > b.select_form(nr=0)
> > b["source"] = "hello python"
> > html = b.submit().get_data()
> > soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> > print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
> >
> > OUTPUT:
> > &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> > &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> > ----------
> > In russian it looks like:
> > "?????? ?????"
> >
> > How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
> >
> > --
> > Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
>
> I'm having trouble understanding how your script works (what would a
> "BeautifulSoup" function do?), but assuming your intent is to find
> character reference objects in an html document, you might try using
> the HTMLParser class in the HTMLParser module. This class delegates
> several methods. One of them is handle_charref. It will be called with
> one argument, the name of the reference, which includes only the number
> part. HTMLParser is alot more powerful than that though. There may be
> something more light-weight out there that will accomplish what you
> want. Then again, you might be able to find a use for all that power :P.

Thank you for response.
It doesn't matter what is 'BeautifulSoup'...
General question is:

How can I convert encoded string

sEncodedHtmlText = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'

into human readable:

sDecodedHtmlText  == '?????? ?????'



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 10:36:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:36:43 +0200
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu><mailman.8122.1152799515.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<gDstg.2471$No6.49969@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <e95ls1$a61$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Salerno wrote:

> Interesting. I didn't think it would be that easy. But I don't think I
> fully understand what exemaker does. Another question I had was since I
> won't be using a Windows registry, would I have to put the #! line on my
> scripts like in Linux?

windows doesn't care about the #! line, so you'd have to run the
scripts as e.g.

    e:\py24\python.exe myscript.py

> Is this what exemaker takes care of?

exemaker simply maps

    foobar.exe

to

    python.exe foobar.py

and uses the #! line plus a bunch of heuristics to locate the various parts
of the Python install.

you can of course use BAT-files as well (but exemaker EXE's look like
real applications if you look at them in the task manager).

> Is it possible to *not* use exemaker, but still run scripts from the stick

sure (using the explicit "python.exe scriptfile" form).

</F> 





From alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 14:59:55 2006
From: alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com (alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:59:55 -0700
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8481.1153764013.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153767595.926242.91790@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-24 14:03:30, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com wrote:
>
> > To read from the chip, one must issue the "read page" command (33h),
> > followed by the two-byte address of the requested page (pages are 32
> > bytes long). After receiving this, the DS1615 will send the data in a
> > burst of (up to) 32 bytes.
>
> I'm not sure what you mean when you say it will send "up to" 32 bytes. If
> you mean that it sends bytes until all existing values have been sent --
> did you make sure you have any values in the buffer?
>
> (Just asking the obvious... :)
>
> Gerhard

Thanks Gerhard,

Up to 32 bytes means that the chip sends the bytes from the address you
give up to the end of the memory page that contains this address. Thus
if you give the address of the beginning of a memory page (e.g. like
here 0000H for the beginning of the first page, which contains control
registers and the current temperature register), you get 32 bytes.

alex



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 29 03:24:18 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 09:24:18 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org><3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com><mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org><7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com><mailman.8655.1154092222.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xvephg7yq.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <027101c6b2ed$c2f27260$03000080@hendrik>

"Paul Rubin" <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> Writes:



| "H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
| > *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that
| > I have not seen on PC's yet...
|
| They are available for PC's, as plug-in cards, at least for the ISA
| bus in the old days, and almost certainly for the PCI bus today.

That is cool, I was not aware of this - added to a long running server it will
help to make the system more stable - a hardware solution to hard to find bugs
in Software - (or even stuff like soft errors in hardware - speak to the
Avionics boys about Neutrons) do you know who sells them and what they are
called? -

Sorry if this is getting off topic on this thread... ( in a way it is on topic -
because a reset will stop a thread every time...)

- Hendrik



From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Tue Jul 18 06:48:13 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 12:48:13 +0200
Subject: tkinter wm_delete_window
References: <1153214164.881551.236840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tcvsan1urqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

On Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:16:04 +0200, yvesd <yves.delalande at gmail.com> wrote:
> hello i want to intercept tkinter python system events like
> wm_delete_window
> and if possible for any window, but the newest code I've produced give
> me
> an error :
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:\Documents and Settings\yvesd\Bureau\protowin.py", line 36,
> in ?
>     b1 = Tkinter.Button (win1)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1933, in __init__
>     Widget.__init__(self, master, 'button', cnf, kw)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1856, in __init__
>     BaseWidget._setup(self, master, cnf)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1834, in _setup
>     self.tk = master.tk
> AttributeError: MyDlg instance has no attribute 'tk'
> thanks a lot for the help answer.
> here is my code :
> import Tkinter
> from Tkinter import *

Do not import the same module twice: either use "import Tkinter" and  
prefix everything in it with 'Tkinter.', or use "from Tkinter import *"  
and don't specify any prefix. You're mixing both here.

> class MyDlg(Toplevel):
> 	def ma_fonction():

You must specify 'self' as first parameter here. Or put 'ma_fonction'  
outside the class.

> 		print "my function is finished."
> 	def __init__(arg1, arg2):
> 		arg1.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", arg1.ma_fonction)

Please don't use anything else than 'self' as the name for methods' first  
parameter. It will confuse everyone who knows Python. And your mistake is  
here: the constructor for the super-class (Toplevel) is not called  
automatically by the sub-class constructor; so you have to do it yourself.  
So just rewrite these two lines as:

def __init__(self):
   Toplevel.__init__(self)
   self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.ma_fonction)

and everything should work fine. BTW, I've removed the parameter arg2 that  
you didn't use at all.

> root = Tkinter.Tk ()
> #win1 = Tkinter.Toplevel (root)
> win1 = MyDlg(root)

Replace that with:

win1 = MyDlg()

> b1 = Tkinter.Button (win1)
> b1.config (text="hello")

An additional small note: you can write the last two lines as a single one:

b1 = Tkinter.Button(win1, text='hello')

And you also must call:
- b1.pack, b1.grid or b1.place to put your button somewhere in your window.
- root.mainloop() in the end or your window will never appear.

If you want to do Tkinter the OO way, you may also create the button in  
the dialog's constructor.

So here would be my version of your program:

----------------------------------------------
 from Tkinter import *

class MyDlg(Toplevel):
   def __init__(self):
     Toplevel.__init__(self)
     b1 = Button(self, text='hello')
     b1.pack()
     self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.ma_fonction)
   def ma_fonction(self):
     print "my function is finished."

root = Tk()
win1 = MyDlg()
root.mainloop()
----------------------------------------------

HTH
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From dbandler at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:45:42 2006
From: dbandler at gmail.com (dbandler at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:45:42 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
Message-ID: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
look like:

   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
    self.connect(host)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
    self.welcome = self.getresp()
  File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
    resp = self.getmultiline()
  File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
    line = self.getline()
  File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
    if not line: raise EOFError
EOFError

Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?

Thanks.

Derek



From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 06:57:03 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 05:57:03 -0500
Subject: New SourceForge project:  Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17596.48767.501226.31297@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    >> Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
    >> calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to
    >> language ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python
    >> helps keep clients thin :)

Just an FYI, but Python 2.5 comes with ctypes, not calldll.  Might be worth
switching to remain compatible at that level.

Skip


From ezjab at ieee.org  Fri Jul  7 17:55:28 2006
From: ezjab at ieee.org (Jim Anderson)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 21:55:28 GMT
Subject: Tkinter problem
Message-ID: <kLArg.314$ZD.109@trndny02>


I'm running Kubuntu a derivative of Debian Linux. I'm using
Python 2.4 and tcl/tk 8.4. I'm running Tkinter programs and
they were running about a month ago. When I tried them again
yesterday, I got the following message:

 > python ~/prog/python/iodef/iodef.py
 > Traceback (most recent call last):
 >   File "/home/jja/prog/python/iodef/iodef.py", line 10, in ?
 >     import pkgview
 >   File "/home/jja/prog/python/iodef/lib/pkgview.py", line 3, in ?
 >     from Tkinter import *
 >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 38, in ?
 >     import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured 
 > for Tk
 > ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so: cannot open 
 > > shared object file: No such file or directory

My environment varibles, like PTYHONPATH and TK_LIBRIARY all look
correct and the tcl/tk and python librarys are all still in place.
There is a file '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so'. I'm
not sure if this is the file not being found, but that is what is
sounds like.

I did a search on this on the web and got some hits, but none of them
provide a solution to my problem.

Can anyone help with this problem?

Jim Anderson


From tobias at stud.cs.uit.no  Wed Jul 19 13:12:33 2006
From: tobias at stud.cs.uit.no (Tobias Brox)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:12:33 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152546929.849384.131860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9lp61$1342$2@news.uit.no>

[Jason]
> Nothing like being forced to write getters and setters in C++/Java
> before you feel like shooting your source code.  Please don't bring
> this code-rage into Python.

"Code generation" springs into my mind.  IMO, if the code needs to be
generated, the language is not sufficiently advanced.

-- 
Tobias Brox, 69?42'N, 18?57'E


From sidd.krish at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 11:56:58 2006
From: sidd.krish at gmail.com (Siddartha Krishnan)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 11:56:58 -0400
Subject: SWIG, C++, and Mac OS X
Message-ID: <757146A1-833B-4C0E-8631-0A4A169B4070@gmail.com>

Hi,

I'm new to using python and SWIG. I am running Mac OS X 10.4. I have  
a C++ class which I want to access from python, however I am unable  
to compile it as a shared module in Mac OS X.

I have tried using Distutils and have successfully created a C  
extension module, however I am unable to create a C++ extension  
module (I dont know how to pass the -c++ parameter to swig in the  
setup.py file.

I'd appreciate it If anyone could help me with creating a setup.py  
file for use with c++ or compiling a shared module on OS X.

Thanks!


From ray at tomes.remove.biz  Thu Jul  6 23:24:49 2006
From: ray at tomes.remove.biz (Ray Tomes)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 15:24:49 +1200
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or assistance
	sought
Message-ID: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

Hi Folks

I am an old codger who has much experience with computers
in the distant past before all this object oriented stuff.
Also I have loads of software in such languages as FORTRAN
and BASIC, QBASIC etc that is very useful except that it
really doesn't like to run on modern operating systems and
has hopeless graphics resolution and lack of ease of use in
some ways.

My desire is to get all the facilities available in my
old programs working in a modern platform with flexible
and high-res graphics and easy to use. Ideally I might
find some good coders that are interested in the subject
who would assist me, alternatively some help in getting
started because there is so much info and so many resources
and libraries etc that I don't know where to start.

My package will have the following capabilities:
1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
dozens of functions.
4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
6. Built in functions to include:
FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.

The applications of the package include:
1. Analysis of time series data from many branches of science.
2. Economic / business models including forecasting.
3. Markets, stocks, commodities forecasting.
4. Interdisciplinary causal analysis.
5. Many more

If you are seriously interested in this, then please contact
me by email at ray(at)tomes(dot)biz which is the email from
which this message was sent without the ".remove" part (anti-
spam measure).

Ray Tomes
http://ray.tomes.biz/
http://www.cyclesresearchinstitute.org/


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 15:08:37 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:08:37 -0700
Subject: string/list comparison
Message-ID: <0ec901c6a12f$96af8d20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i have the following piece of code that i'm testing... it should be
using/comparing two equal strings. apparently it doesn't. i've tried to do a
"strip" to remove pre/post whitespace.. but there appears to be something
else going on.

i suspect that there is some type of unicode going on. is there some way
that i can print out what's really in the string so i can know what to
remove...

in the test, the sstr/trstr should both be "Summer A" for some reason i'm
getting a len of 10 and 11 chars...

any thoughts/comments...

thanks

-bruce

#extract process from the class page
  print "section"
  f = urllib.urlopen(url)
  s = f.read()
  f.close()
  #print s
  # s contains HTML not XML text
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)

  #get the tr list
  tr1 = d.xpath(alltr)

  #get the sess list
  sess1 = d.xpath(sess)

  #build the tr list
  trlist = []
  for aaa in tr1:
     trlist.append(aaa.nodeValue)
     #print "aaa = ",aaa.nodeValue

  #build the course list
  sesslist = []
  for aaaa in sess1:
     sesslist.append(aaaa.nodeValue)
     #print "aaaa = ",aaaa.nodeValue


  print "sesstest = ",sesslist[0]
  print "sesstest2 = ",sesslist[1]
  print "trtest = ",trlist[3]


  sstr = sesslist[0]   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< these should be the same
  trstr = trlist[3]    <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< "Summer A"

  sstr.strip(sstr)
  trstr.strip(trstr)

  print "slen = ",len(sstr)
  print "trlen = ",len(trstr)

  if sesslist[0] == trlist[3]:
   print "okkkkkk"
  sys.exit()







From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:33:02 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:33:02 +0200
Subject: Number combinations
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8339.1153318631.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8339.1153318631.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44be50f4$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Tim Chase wrote:
...

> If you need the individual digits for something, you can use
> 
>     for i in xrange(0,10000):
>         d1,d2,d3,d4 = list("%04i" % i)

strings are sequences too, and you need only write

           d1,d2,d3,d4 = "%04i" % i


From claus.tondering at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 09:20:46 2006
From: claus.tondering at gmail.com (Claus Tondering)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 06:20:46 -0700
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<op.tct3ieo6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>
Message-ID: <1153142446.012036.266470@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Eric Brunel wrote:
> This is where the problem is: if you do just a event_generate without
> specifying the 'when' option, the binding is fired immediately in the
> current thread. To be sure that an event is created and that the thread
> switch actually happens, do:
>
> app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>", when='tail')
>
> and things should work fine.

Nice!

Obviously, there are important things that I don't know about Tkinter.
Unless I'm much mistaken, neither Fredrik Lundh's "An Introduction to
Tkinter" nor John W. Shipman's "Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python"
mentions the when='tail' option.

--
Claus Tondering



From alfargnoli at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 14:10:55 2006
From: alfargnoli at yahoo.com (Al in Dallas)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:10:55 -0700
Subject: Megawidget Syntax (Tix)
Message-ID: <1154369455.631993.318760@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm new to Python*. I am having trouble with the Tix NoteBook
megawidget. When I use a simpler megawidget, such as a ButtonBox, I can
add buttons by invoking

<nameOfButtonBox>.add ('button3', text='Retry')

Unfortunately, with the Notebook, I need access to a subwidget, and all
my attempts have led to error messages. When I try to look up the
megawidget documentation, I can only find example in Tcl, so I'm
confident that if someone explains the syntax of the TixNoteBook
megawidget to me, I should be able to figure it out for all the other
megawidgets on my own. Here's an attempt to add something to the hlist
subwidget:

>>> lnotebook.hlist.add ('wrongsyntax')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tix.py", line 863, in add
    return self.tk.call(self._w, 'add', entry, *self._options(cnf, kw))
_tkinter.TclError: invalid command name
".12204992.pane.p1.shlist.f1.hlist"

*I evaluated it many years ago (1996) when the only other choices
seemed to be Perl, Tcl, and VB. Unfortunately, my various employers
chose which scripting language would be used, and none of them ever
chose Python. Oddly, I ended up using all of the others.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 17 15:17:09 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:17:09 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>

dfaber schrieb:
> Hi all,
>  I have been searching for a keyboard and mouse tracker on linux. I've
> read solutions (watch at sourceforge) which look at /proc/interrupts to
> check keyboard or mouse activity. I also read one post where "watch"
> seems to have difficulty tracking usb keyboards and mice. So, I'm out
> of ideas here.
> 
> My goal are:
> 1. Check keyboard activity. I'm not interested in logging which keys
> are pressed or record them.
> 2. Monitor mouse activity. I want to know the pointer position,
> left-clicks, right-clicks, middle-mouse button usage.
> 
> I know that these things can be done in a GUI environment. I am looking
> for some approach that helps me do this system-wide.
> 
> Any suggestions would be welcome. Again, I am looking for trackers on
> Linux based machines.

You could use the /dev/input/event* devices. The link I had for the docs 
is unfortunately dead - I guess lubusb and its python binding might help 
you, too.

Diez


From yorklee70 at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 19:45:08 2006
From: yorklee70 at gmail.com (York)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 16:45:08 -0700
Subject: for loop question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8k7a4$cre$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

for a in range(2, len(foo)): print a

or maybe you need
for a in range(1, len(foo)): print a
?

York


bruce wrote:
> hi..
> 
> basic foor/loop question..
> 
> i can do:
> 
>  for a in foo
>   print a
> 
> if i want to do something like
>   for a, 2, foo
>     print foo
> 
> where go from 2, to foo..
> 
> i can't figure out how to accomplish this... 
> 
> can someone point me to how/where this is demonstrated...
> 
> found plenty of google for for/loop.. just not this issue..
> 
> thanks
> 
> -bruce
> 


From malahal at us.ibm.com  Mon Jul 17 22:28:09 2006
From: malahal at us.ibm.com (malahal at us.ibm.com)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:28:09 -0700
Subject: python script reading special keys like <F1>, <F2> etc.
Message-ID: <20060718022809.GA28466@us.ibm.com>

I am planning to write a very simple python script that displays files
based on user input. E.g. I need to display f1.msg file if the user
presses <F1> key, f2.msg file if the user presses <F2> key.  What is the
easiest way to do this on Linux (xterm/vt100/asni etc).  I tried using
curses and it works, but I want something that does NOT modify or redraw
the user screen.

Something like this:
def display():
    key = raw_input()
    if key == <F1>
        sys.stdout.write(open(f1.msg, "r").read())
    elif key == <F2>
        sys.stdout.write(open(f2.msg, "r").read())
    else: # I need to capture his input string too.
        return key


I can make a restriction that the user press <Enter> after typing the
above keys if required. Is there a solution that doesn't redraw the
screen like curses does and kind of portable at the same time to
different terminals on Linux/Unix?


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 03:24:08 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 09:24:08 +0200
Subject: PyList_Append requires explicit Py_INCREF after?
In-Reply-To: <1152083185.519178.166960@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152083185.519178.166960@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8fpei$57a$1@sea.gmane.org>

seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:

> PyList_Append requires explicit Py_INCREF after?
> 
> (I didn't see in docs where it said if appends a new reference
> or a borrowed reference like other APIs.)

if successful, PyList_Append(seq, item) increments the reference count 
for item.

</F>



From mike at clove.com  Wed Jul 26 14:03:33 2006
From: mike at clove.com (Mike)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 11:03:33 -0700
Subject: self question
In-Reply-To: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <1153937013.028375.270050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Sch?le Daniel wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> given python description below
>
> import random
>
> class Node:
>          def __init__(self):
>                  self.nachbarn = []
>
> class Graph(object):
> 	# more code here
>          def randomizeEdges(self, low=1, high=self.n):
>                  pass
>
>
> graph = Graph(20)
> graph.randomizeEdges(2,5)
>
> I am burned by high=self.n
> quick test with
>
> cnt = 1
> def foo():
> 	global cnt
> 	cnt += 1
> 	return cnt
>
> def bar(x=foo()):
> 	print x
>
> bar()	# 2
> bar()	# 2
> bar()	# 2
>
> this is not behaviour C++ programmer would expect
> does someone know why this kind of behaviour is/was choosen?
>
> Regards, Daniel

I think the answer is that 'def' is an executable statement in python
rather than a definition that the compiler interprets at compile time.

As a result the compiler can evaluate 'foo()' when it defines 'bar', so
it does.

The following works as expected:
def bar():
  print foo()

Hopefully somebody more knowledgable will also respond



From heuristic at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 04:27:04 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:27:04 +0100
Subject: Controlling Windows Media Player from Python
In-Reply-To: <1hhxipa.m7kr3g1pkl9toN%rhymes@myself.com>
References: <mailman.7729.1151941150.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhxipa.m7kr3g1pkl9toN%rhymes@myself.com>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607040127j79643aa7g24a7b8032d6efc96@mail.gmail.com>

>
> Take a look at pywinauto, I attended the today talk at EP2006 and seemed
> really cool. http://pywinauto.pbwiki.com
>


Cool, that looks really interesting.

...theres a problem I could solve with that....


From pipehappy at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 07:49:08 2006
From: pipehappy at gmail.com (pipehappy)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 04:49:08 -0700
Subject: know reference name in instance
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7892.1152263123.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152262501.704832.110080@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7892.1152263123.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152272948.171804.58800@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> pipehappy wrote:
>
> > Is it possible for an instance know its name used by other part of
> > program.  I mean like this:
> >
> > class test:
> >     def __init__(self):
> >         pass
> >
> > when some one writes
> >
> > x = test()
> >
> > then one of attribute of x contain the name "x"
> >
> > Is it possible?
>
> not really.
>
> and what should happen if you do, say
>
>     x = test()
>     y = x
>
I may choose the name when the class is initialized, other may choose
the newest name. It depends.
> or
>
>     x = [test(), test(), test()]
>
> ?
None may be the good answer here.
>
> for more on this, see:
>
> http://pyfaq.infogami.com/how-can-my-code-discover-the-name-of-an-object
>
> </F>
Yes, You are right. But variety of condition is not necessary
prohibiting the promotion of such question but provides the possibility
for different answer. So is there some way I can ask the environment to
tell me the name? 

With respect, I read your words and it's great.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 03:57:35 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 09:57:35 +0200
Subject: About iServicePro
In-Reply-To: <1152863310.258620.181970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152863310.258620.181970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97ipd$sbt$1@sea.gmane.org>

david at iservicepro.com wrote:

> We are committed to the success of your trial. If you need to see a
> demonstration

by spamming a non-java forum, I think you've just demonstrated what kind
of company you're working for quite well, thank you.

</F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 16:28:29 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:28:29 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8305.1153244060.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8305.1153244060.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153254509.770479.39000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

K.S.Sreeram wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> >> Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
> >> that you can put any numbers in you like
> >>
> >
> > I know this is self-evident to most of the people reading this, but I
> > thought it worth pointing out that this is a great way to test
> > membership in range(lo, hi, step) without doing "the necessary
> > algebra".
> >
> > i.e.  n in set(xrange(0, 10000, 23)) ...
>
> This is very very misleading... here are some timings :

Yes it is. I'm sorry about that.

> python -mtimeit "n=5000" "n in set(xrange(0,10000))"
> 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.32 msec per loop
>
> python -mtimeit "n=5000" "n in xrange(0,10000)"
> 1000 loops, best of 3: 455 usec per loop
>
> python -mtimeit "n=5000" "0 <= n < 10000"
> 1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.217 usec per loop
>
> sets are fast only if you create them *once* and use them again and
> again. even in that case, the sets use up O(n) memory.

That's what I meant.  But I didn't state it clearly.

One of the things I like most about python is that it allows you to
specify the problem that you want to solve without a great deal of
difficulty as to *how* to specify it.  To me, and perhaps others, "T =
set(xrange(0, 10000, 23))" and "n in T"  are somewhat easier to read
and write than "not n % 23 and 0 <= n < 10000", YMMV.

In the given case a set of ~(10000 / 23) ints would not usually be too
burdensome on ram, and the code runs close to the same speed as
compared to the direct calculation:

from timeit import Timer

times = 100000
Max = 10000
n = 5000
T = set(xrange(0, Max, 23))

s1 = 'n in T'
s2 = 'not n %% 23 and 0 <= n < %s' % Max

setup = 'from __main__ import n, T'


S1 = Timer(s1, setup).repeat(number=times)
S2 = Timer(s2, setup).repeat(number=times)


print "%.3f usec/pass" % (1000000 * min(S1) / times)
print "%.3f usec/pass" % (1000000 * min(S2) / times)

On my machine this printed:
0.476 usec/pass
0.552 usec/pass


>
> with comparison operators, you don't need extra memory *and* there is no
> pre-computation required.

When I set Max = 100000000 in the above test code there was serious
disk thrashing...  ;-)

>
> [sreeram;]
>


FWIW, in production code I would certainly use the comparison
operators.  A kilobyte saved is a kilobyte earned.

Peace,
~Simon



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 19:24:42 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:24:42 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

thebjorn wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > thebjorn wrote:
> [...]
> > >
> > >   def age(born):
> > >       now = date.today()
> > >       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
> >
> > Bad luck if the punter was born on 29 Feb and the current year is not a
> > leap year.
>
> Good catch! Thanks!

Easy catch -- happens at least one per inning[s]  :-)

>
> [..]
> > Holy code bloat, Batman! Try this:
> >
> >     return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)
>
> yuck :-)

But this:
    return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)
is not yuck???

>
> [...]
> > It's the irregular-size months that cause the problems. If you can work
> > out the months difference, then just floor_div by 12 to get the years
> > difference.
>
> I don't agree that the irregular sized months cause a problem in this
> case. They do cause a problem if you're asking "when is today + one
> month?", i.e. there isn't an unambiguous answer to that question in
> general (e.g. if today was January 31). We're asking a different kind
> of question though: "has it been at least one month since January 31?",
> the answer would be no on Feb 29 and yes on Mar 1.

If a bank were paying you interest on a monthly basis, and you
deposited money on Jan 31 and pulled it out on the last day of
February, that would count as one month. This is what I call the "today
- yesterday == 1" rule. For computing things like duration of employee
service, you need the "today - yesterday == 2" rule -- on the
assumption that service counts from start of business yesterday to
close of business today. So hire date of 1 Feb to fire date of (last
day of Feb) would count as one month.

>
> > Below is some code from the ancient times when everybody and his dog
> > each had their own date class :-)
> [...]
>
> Wow. I'm speechless. (any reason you didn't want to use the calendar
> module?)

Sorry, I don't understand. Why are you speechless? What would I want to
use the calendar module for? Apart from the leap() function and the
table of days in a month, the calendar module doesn't have any of the
functionality that one would expect in a general-purpose date class.



From mrnull at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 23:35:17 2006
From: mrnull at gmail.com (h3m4n)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 23:35:17 -0400
Subject: check uploaded file's file size?
Message-ID: <_KFrg.597$HO5.34@fe07.lga>

i have a short script that allows users to upload files, but when i try 
to check for a valid filesize (using fileitem) i get '-1'  i can't find 
information about using filesize anywhere.  any ideas?

code:

form = cgi.FieldStorage()
fileitem = form["datafile"]
print str(fileitem.filesize)

-h3m4n



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 02:35:32 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 23:35:32 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505296.099716.324930@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152507275.262056.189920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152513332.198715.310050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

greenflame wrote:
> Jason wrote:
> >
> > There /are/ a few hacks which will do what you want.  However, if you
> > really need it, then you probably need to rethink your program design.
> > Remember, you can't change a string since a string is immutable!  You
> > can change a variable to bind to another string.  In the following
> > example, s gets rebound to the new string while t keeps the original
> > string value:
> >
> > >>> def changeString(varName):
> > ...     globalDict = globals()
> > ...     globalDict[varName] = '||' + globalDict[varName] + '>>'
> > ...     return
> > ...
> > >>> s = 'Char'
> > >>> t = s
> > >>> changeString('s')
> > >>> s
> > '||Char>>'
> > >>> t
> > 'Char'
> >
> > Further note that this only affects variables in the global scope.  I
> > hope this helps!
> >
> >     --Jason
>
> Ok so let me see if I understand. The globalDict is just a dictionary
> containing the name of the global variables as the keys and their
> values as the values of the dictionary? Thus the inputed variable is
> treated like a global variable?

The answer to your first question is yup!  You've got it.  That's what
the globals() function returns.  (There is also a function locals()
that returns a similar dict but for locals.)

The answer to your second question is no.  The inputed *name* (the
changeString() function must be passed a string, not a variable) must
be the name of an object in the global scope for the function to work.

You almost certainly want to use a function like the thefunc() function
that Jason posted.

One other thing, you could define it like so:

def thefunc(s):
    return '||%s>>' % s


Peace,
~Simon



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 07:36:51 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:36:51 -0700
Subject: Capturing instant messages
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153222611.157352.245920@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ed,

It depends on what IM protocol the company is using. If there is more
than one, your job might end up being quite complicated. You indicated
port 5190 in your post, does it mean that the company is using only AOL
IM? In general it seems like you would have to:

1) Capture the traffic
2) Decode the IM protocol
3) Record the captured text

1) As far as capturing the traffic, I would use a specific tool like
tcpick ( a cousin of tcpdump but actually dumps the data to console not
just the headers and recreates the tcp streams -- good stuff!).  Again
if you know the exact port number and the exact protocol this might be
very easy because you will set up your capturing program to capture
traffic from only 1 port. Let's assume that for now. Here is my quick
and dirty attempt. First install tcpick http://tcpick.sourceforge.net/
if you don't have it, then become root and open a Python prompt. (Use
ipython... because my mom says it's better ;).
In [1]:from subprocess import * #don't do this in your final script
always use 'import subprocess'
In [2]:cmd='/usr/sbin/tcpick -i eth0 -bR tcp port 80' #use your IM port
here instead of 80
#-bR means reconstruct TCP stream and dump data in raw mode to console
(good for ASCII stuff).
In [3]:p=Popen(cmd, shell=True, bufsize=0, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE)
#start a subprocess w/ NO_WAIT
In [4]:p.pid #check the process pid, can use this to issue a 'kill'
command later...
Out[4]:7100
In [5]:p.poll()
In [6]:#Acutally it is None, which means process is not finished
In [7]:#Read some lines one by one from output
In [8]:p.stdout.readline() #Might block here, if so start a browser and
load a page
Out[8]:'Starting tcpick 0.2.1 at 2006-XX-XX XX:XX EDT\n'
In [9]:#
In [10]:#Print some lines from the output, one by one:
In [11]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[11]:'Timeout for connections is 600\n' #first line, tcpick prompt
stuff
In [12]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[12]:'tcpick: listening on eth0\n'
In [13]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[13]:'setting filter: "tcp"\n'
In [14]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[14]:'1      SYN-SENT       192.168.0.106:53498 >
64.233.167.104:www\n'
In [15]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[15]:'1      SYN-RECEIVED   192.168.0.106:53498 >
64.233.167.104:www\n'
In [16]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[16]:'1      ESTABLISHED    192.168.0.106:53498 >
64.233.167.104:www\n'
In [17]:p.stdout.readline() #the good stuff should start right here
Out[17]:'GET /search?hl=en&q=42&btnG=Google+Search HTTP/1.1\r\n'
In [18]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[18]:'Host: www.google.com\r\n'
In [19]:p.stdout.readline()
Out[19]:'User-Agent: blah blah...\r\n'
In [20]:p.stdout.read() #try a read() -- will block, press Ctrl-C
exceptions.KeyboardInterrupt
In [21]:p.poll()
Out[21]:0  #process is finished, return errcode = 0
In [22]:p.stderr.read()
Out[22]:'' #no error messages
In [23]:p.stdout.read()
Out[23]:'\n257 packets captured\n7 tcp sessions detected\n'
In [24]: #those were the last stats before tcpick was terminated.

Well anyway, your readline()'s will block on process IO when no data
supplied from tcpick. Might have to start a thread in Python to manage
the thread that spawns the capture process. But in the end the
readlines will get you the raw data from the network (in this case it
was just one way from my ip to Google, of course you will need it both
ways).

2) The decoding will depend on your protocol, if you have more than one
IM protocol then the capture idea from above won't work too well, you
will have to capture all the traffic then decode each stream, for each
side, for each protocol.

3) Recording or replay is easy. Save to files or dump to a MySQL table
indexed by user id,  timestamp, IP etc. Because of buffering issues you
will probably not get a very accurate real-time monitoring system with
this setup.

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc






Ed Leafe wrote:
> I've been approached by a local business that has been advised that
> they need to start capturing and archiving their instant messaging in
> order to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley. The company is largely PC, but
> has a significant number of Macs running OS X, too.
>
> 	Googling around quickly turns up IM Grabber for the PC, which would
> seem to be just what they need. But there is no equivalent to be
> found for OS X. So if anyone knows of any such product, please let me
> know and there will be no need for the rest of this post.
>
> 	But assuming that there is no such product, would it be possible to
> create something in Python, using the socket or a similar module?
> They have a number of servers that provide NAT for each group of
> machines; I was thinking that something on those servers could
> capture all traffic on port 5190 and write it to disk. Is this
> reasonable, or am I being too simplistic in my approach?
> 
> -- Ed Leafe
> -- http://leafe.com
> -- http://dabodev.com



From antroy at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 06:04:39 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 03:04:39 -0700
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
In-Reply-To: <e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>
References: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>
	<e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153476279.521050.124990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


> # python 2.5
> >>> a, b = "", 0
> >>> a if False else b
> 0
> >>> a if True else b
> ''
>
> Time to tear out that page. Really.

Not quite - 2.5 hasn't been released in its final version yet, and many
projects I should imagine will take a while to upgrade.



From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Sun Jul  2 11:24:12 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 08:24:12 -0700
Subject: PEP thought experiment: Unix style exec for function/method calls
In-Reply-To: <44a7a420$0$3532$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>
References: <449e72ec$0$3530$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>
	<1151263138.807147.326970@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44a7a420$0$3532$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>
Message-ID: <1151853852.305270.127230@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Michael wrote:
> > >     def set_name():
> > >         name = raw_input("Enter your name! > ")
> > >         cexe greet()
> > >
> > >     def greet():
> > >         print "hello", name
> > >
> > >     cexe set_name()
> > >     print "We don't reach here"
> > >     ----------
> > >
> > > This would execute, ask for the user's name, say hello to them and then
> > > exit - not reaching the final print "We don't reach here" statement.
> >
> > Only if you were to replace the whole stack.  If you only replace or
> > reuse the top frame, I would think greet would exit and execution would
> > resume right after the point from which set_name was called.  Or am I
> > misunderstanding what you want?
>
> I think you are.
[snip]

I'm sorry; I didn't notice the use of cexe also on the call to
set_name.  So now it makes sense.


Carl Banks



From nick at craig-wood.com  Thu Jul 13 06:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 05:30:03 -0500
Subject: How to delete a Python package
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebc4n0.pa9.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> wrote:
>  On 2006-07-12, Nick Vatamaniuc <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote:
> > As a rule,  if you use a Linux distribution, you should just install
> > the package and then remove the package using the package manager.
> 
>  That's fine except a lot of python packages aren't available in
>  any of the various Linux distro package formats.

distutils has a build rpm option which works, eg

  python setup.py bdist_rpm

I usually run debian systems, so I then run alien on the resulting rpm
to turn it into a .deb.

I always install python packages like this - it has worked every time
so far!

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From thomas at eforms.co.nz  Wed Jul 26 16:49:29 2006
From: thomas at eforms.co.nz (Thomas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:49:29 +1200
Subject: webbrowser  open failing
In-Reply-To: <1153895943.5003.7.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>
References: <574462266fc478d5f813d0ab5c53b894@eforms.co.nz>
	<1153895943.5003.7.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>
Message-ID: <416a26a54d08703a0838305b38f45ad2@eforms.co.nz>

HI

Thanks for the help.

I tried that , now getting a different error

 >>> test=open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
 >>> type(test)
<type 'file'>
 >>> webbrowser.open("file://Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
test/Justin_Test.pDF")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 43, in open
     get().open(url, new, autoraise)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 314, in open
     ic.launchurl(url)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 235, in launchurl
     return _dft_ic.launchurl(url, hint)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 202, in launchurl
     self.ic.ICLaunchURL(hint, url, 0, len(url))
MacOS.Error: (-43, 'File not found')


it on shared network.. I found that its working fine on the files n the  
local hard drive..

cheers
Thomas

On 26/07/2006, at 6:39 PM, John McMonagle wrote:

> On Wed, 2006-07-26 at 17:09 +1200, Thomas wrote:
>> Hi all,
>>
>> I am getting an error using webbrowser open on mac 10.3 using python
>> 2.3.5
>>
>>>>> test=open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder
>> test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
>>>>> type(test)
>> <type 'file'>
>>>>> webbrowser.open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder
>> test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>>    File
>> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/
>> python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 43, in open
>>      get().open(url, new, autoraise)
>>    File
>> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/
>> python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 314, in open
>>      ic.launchurl(url)
>>    File
>> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/
>> python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 235, in launchurl
>>      return _dft_ic.launchurl(url, hint)
>>    File
>> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/
>> python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 202, in launchurl
>>      self.ic.ICLaunchURL(hint, url, 0, len(url))
>> MacOS.Error: (-673, 'no URL found')
>
> Try opening a file-type URL:
>
> eg:
> webbrowser.open("file://Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT....")
>
> No need for the 'r' argument to open.
>
> Syntax is:
>
>  webbrowser.open(url [, new])
>
> If new is True a new browser window is opened.
>
>
>
> -- 
> This message has been scanned for viruses and
> dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
> believed to be clean.
>
>



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Wed Jul 19 17:50:02 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:50:02 GMT
Subject: Python linker
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44BE4595.305@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <87irltfenp.fsf@reportlab.com>

Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> writes:
[...]
> That said, I disagree that 3.5Mb is too much to download.  It
> only takes about 7 seconds on my machine (cable modem).  If your
> users won't wait that long, they weren't very interested in your
> application.
[...]

For some markets (very far from all, of course!), that attitude sounds
like a recipe for failure.


John


From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 11:05:52 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 08:05:52 -0700
Subject: Best command for running shell command
In-Reply-To: <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530@News.Individual.DE>
References: <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530@News.Individual.DE>
Message-ID: <1152630352.553371.242760@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> where I'm not interested in the output, I only want to make sure that the
> command was executed OK. How should I invoke this (in a Unix/linux
> environment)?

Remember few things about executing program within python
1. Create a subprocess or child process and execute it.
2. You should use "Timeout stratagy" i.e your execution took more than
provided time then timeout this process. In linux/unix you may use
singnal alarm to implement it.

Best!



From christopher.saunter at durham.ac.uk  Fri Jul 28 06:17:36 2006
From: christopher.saunter at durham.ac.uk (c d saunter)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:17:36 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eaco80$g9f$1@heffalump.dur.ac.uk>

Chaos (psnim2000 at gmail.com) wrote:

: He is the code #Actions here

: myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
: image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
: if myCol < darkestCol:
:    darkestCol = myCol
:    possX = thisX
:    possY = thisY

You really don't want to do this in interpreted Python code.  Way to slow.
I don't know PIL but probably you can do it their.

Another aproach is to use one of the array/maths libraries e.g. Numeric or 
NumPy.

You'll need to move the image data between PIL and the array package with 
the data being a (y,x,3) array for input array and (y,x) for the output 
array.  .tostirng() methods and fromstring() can be usefull here.

Then...

1.  Colour map it
newImage = 0.3 * image[:,:,0] + 0.59 * image[:,:,1] + 0.11 * image[:,:,2]

2. Mask of pixels less than your threshold

newImage = clip(newImage, myCol, MAX_COLOUR)

3. Find the coordinates of the last minimum colour - possX, possY (do you 
really need/mean to do this?) 

hth
cds


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 15:10:03 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 16:10:03 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8640.1154047707.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c9b5d4$0$30124$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8663.1154097730.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<u6dkc2575r2ferfl8hst0f1gnik12f4nkd@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <18uotemq50rbk$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-28 14:32:59, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 11:41:30 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
>> wondered (this is slightly related) is whether it wouldn't be really good
>> to make the difference between mutable and immutable objects more obvious. 
> 
> For the most part, a mutable object is one in which you can "go inside"
> -- though tuples cross the boundary (you can "go inside" to fetch an
> element, but you cant change the inside). 

It's the "for the most part" part that I was wondering about :)

So is this correct: It's mutable if you can "go inside", that is, it has an
accessor attached to the name. Unless it's a tuple, in which case it's
immutable even though it has accessors attached. Otherwise, it is
immutable. 

Or said in another way: Everything is immutable, except that collections of
objects (classes, lists, etc) may provide means to rebind members, which
then can be considered means to change objects. 

I seem to slowly wrap my mind around this... :)

Gerhard



From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 10 11:17:05 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:17:05 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Chris Smith schrieb:
>>> For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we
>>> were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type
>>> Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few
>>> (infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain
>>> the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:
>>>
>>>     Person{age:{18..29}}
>>>
>>> But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice
>>> property called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to
>>> make one of a few choices: [...] (c) invent some kind of generic
>>> constraint language so that constraints like this could be expressed
>>> without exposing field names. [...] Choice (c), though, looks a
>>> little daunting.
>> That's not too difficult.
>> Start with boolean expressions.
>> If you need to check everything statically, add enough constraints that
>> they become decidable.
> 
> I'm not sure I understand. Could you elaborate?

Preconditions/postconditions can express anything you want, and they are 
an absolutely natural extensions of what's commonly called a type 
(actually the more powerful type systems have quite a broad overlap with 
assertions).
I'd essentially want to have an assertion language, with primitives for 
type expressions.

>> For the type language, you also need to add primitives for type
>> checking, and if the language is stateful, you'll also want primitives
>> for accessing earlier states (most notably at function entry).
> 
> Again I'm not entirely clear what this means. Are you talking
> about pre/post conditions,

Yes.

Regards,
Jo


From Andreas.Ames at comergo.com  Thu Jul 27 14:00:04 2006
From: Andreas.Ames at comergo.com (Ames Andreas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:00:04 +0200
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
Message-ID: <552B6B925278EF478EA8887D7F9E5AC3FCFB34@tndefr-ws00024.tenovis.corp.lan>

> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+andreas.ames=comergo.com at python.org 
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+andreas.ames=comergo.com at python.or
g] On Behalf Of alainpoint at yahoo.fr
> Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 5:51 PM
> Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
> 
> I am no C++ expert but i guess there might be some in the Python and
> C++ newsgroups. 

You could try sth. like this:

<cpp>
#include <iostream>


template<class T> class Counted {
    static int count;
public:
    Counted() { ++count; }
    Counted(const Counted<T>&) { ++count; }
    ~Counted() { --count; }
    template <class V> friend int getCount(V&);
};

template<class T> int Counted<T>::count = 0;

// Curious class definitions
class CountedClass : private Counted<CountedClass> {};
class CountedClass2 : private Counted<CountedClass2> {};
class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass, private Counted<CountedClass3> {};

template <class T>
int getCount(T &)
{
    return Counted<T>::count;
}


using namespace std;

int main() {
  CountedClass a;
  cout << getCount(a) << endl;    // 1
  CountedClass b;
  cout << getCount(b) << endl;    // 2
  CountedClass3 c;
  cout << getCount(c) << endl;    // 1
  cout << getCount(a) << endl;    // 3 and should be 2??
}
</cpp>

Your last assertion ('should be 2') is questionable, IMHO.  I think the above code has it right in this case rather than your python version (after all c isA CountedClass, isn't it?).


cheers,

aa


-- 
Andreas Ames | Programmer | Comergo GmbH |
Voice:  +49 69 7505 3213 | ames AT avaya DOT com


From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Mon Jul 17 16:28:04 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:28:04 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!

Look PyHook ( http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/pyHook/1.4 )

Oooohhhhh!!!  Sorry! It's for Windows...
-- 
MCI






From davehowey at f2s.com  Thu Jul 20 15:19:22 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 12:19:22 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hiya

Could you just talk me through this... is it:

> schema = {'turbine1': {'class': 'Turbine',
>                        'upstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
>                        'downstream' : () # nothing,
>                        },
>           'frobnicator2' : {'class' : 'Frobnicator',
>                             'upstream' : (),
>                             'downstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
>                            },
>          }
>

ok, so schema is a dictionary of different components, defining what
class they are and what they're connected to.

> def get_class_by_name(name):
>   return globals()[name]

what does this function do exactly?

> def chain_from_schema(schema):
>   objects = {}   # so objects is our list of objects ?
>   for name, desc in schema:   # can you step through a dictionary like this?
>      klass =  get_class_by_name(desc['class'])   # does this create an object called klass?
>      objects[name] = klass()


sorry for being dim..
Dave



From martin at browns-nospam.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 10:23:34 2006
From: martin at browns-nospam.co.uk (Martin Evans)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 15:23:34 +0100
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
	<1152125582.577222.95010@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e8ieca$68k$1$8302bc10@news.demon.co.uk>
	<pan.2006.07.06.12.19.42.943014@XmbstevensX.com>
Message-ID: <e8j6ek$bq4$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>

"mbstevens" <NOXwebmasterX at XmbstevensX.com> wrote in message 
news:pan.2006.07.06.12.19.42.943014 at XmbstevensX.com...
> On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:32:46 +0100, Martin Evans wrote:
>
>> "Juho Schultz" <juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi> wrote in message
>> news:1152125582.577222.95010 at l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>>> Martin Evans wrote:
>>>> Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to
>>>> get
>>>> a regular expression to do the following example in Python:
>>>>
>>>> Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".
>>>>
>>>> This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
>>>> to
>>>> This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> But not if part of a link or inside a link:
>>>>
>>>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. 
>>>> Really,
>>>> it
>>>> is sleeping.
>>>> to
>>>> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. 
>>>> Really,
>>>> it
>>>> is dead.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, 
>>>> the
>>>> rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the
>>>> formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will
>>>> normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more 
>>>> than
>>>> one link present.
>>>>
>>>> I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to
>>>> other
>>>> areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.
>>>>
>>>> I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the
>>>> case,
>>>> I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping 
>>>> to
>>>> use it to learn more about regex.
>>>>
>>>> Any pointers would be appreciated.
>>>>
>>>> Martin
>>>
>>> What you want is:
>>>
>>> re.sub(regex, replacement, instring)
>>> The replacement can be a function. So use a function.
>>>
>>> def sleeping_to_dead(inmatch):
>>>  instr = inmatch.group(0)
>>>  if needsfixing(instr):
>>>    return instr.replace('sleeping','dead')
>>>  else:
>>>    return instr
>>>
>>> as for the regex, something like
>>> (<a)?[^<>]*(</a>)?
>>> could be a start. It is probaly better to use the regex to recognize
>>> the links as you might have something like
>>> sleeping.sleeping/sleeping/sleeping.html in your urls. Also you
>>> probably want to do many fixes, so you can put them all within the same
>>> replacer function.
>>
>> ... My first
>> working attempt had been to use the regex to locate all links. I then 
>> looped
>> through replacing each with a numbered dummy entry. Then safely do the
>> find/replaces and then replace the dummy entries with the original links. 
>> It
>> just seems overly inefficient.
>
> Someone may have made use of
> multiline links:
>
> _________________________
> This parrot
> <a
> href="sleeping.htm"
> target="new"   >
> is sleeping
> </a>.
> Really, it is sleeping.
> _________________________
>
>
> In such a case you may need to make the page
> into one string to search if you don't want to use some complex
> method of tracking state with variables as you move from
> string to string.  You'll also have to make it possible
> for non-printing characters to have been inserted in all sorts
> of ways around the '>' and '<' and 'a' or 'A'
> characters using ' *' here and there in he regex.

I agree, but luckily in this case the HREF will always be formated the same 
as it happens to be inserted by another automated system, not a user. Ok it 
be changed by the server but AFAIK it hasn't for the last 6 years. The text 
in question apart from the links should be plain (not even <b> is allowed I 
think).

I'd read about back and forward regex matching and thought it might somehow 
be of use here ie back search for the "<A" and forward search for the "</A>" 
but of course this would easily match in between two links.





From a at tempinbox.com  Mon Jul  3 01:54:37 2006
From: a at tempinbox.com (a)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 22:54:37 -0700
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151906077.222770.111720@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

hey guys
this is gr8
but in cheetah
i use
for test in $ix
$test.url
end for
to iterate thru loop

now how do i iterate feed_list and feed_id along with i,
thanks a lot

N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]

feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)

or just

feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
feeds_list_select])

Simon Forman wrote:
> a wrote:
> > hi simon thanks for your reply
>
> You're most welcome
>
>
> > what if i want to do this
> > 	        feed_list=[]
> > 		feed_id=[]
> > 		for ix in feeds_list_select:
> > 			global feeds_list
> > 			global feeds_id
> > 			feeds_list.append(ix.url)
> > 		       feeds_id.append(ix.id)
> >
> > ie not one variable but more variables
> > thanks
>
> in a case like this I would usually reach for the zip() function, with
> the "varargs" * calling pattern
>
> N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)
>
>
> or just
>
> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
> feeds_list_select])
>
>
> btw, please note that the global statements in your example are
> unnecessary..  *totally* unnecessary.  :-D



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 05:32:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:32:40 +0200
Subject: use var to form name of object
In-Reply-To: <1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

gel wrote:
> gel wrote:
> 
> 
>>Hi
>>I would like to pass a variable in and use it as part of a name of an
>>object, something like below, where I pass the variable software into
>>the function and use it as part of the name of the object so that I can
>>append to it using the other vairables.  Any suggestions?
>>
>>
>>    def a_d(self,software,mac,time,extra):
>>        global d_software
>>        d_software.software.append([mac,time,extra])
> 
> 
> I sorted it out
> 
Then do a favour to other persons facing the same problem : share your
solution. As a side effect, you'll also have your code checked by lot of
confirmed Python programmer !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rganesan at myrealbox.com  Thu Jul 13 08:37:13 2006
From: rganesan at myrealbox.com (Ganesan Rajagopal)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:07:13 +0530
Subject: ctypes wrapping libpam.so on FreeBSD 6.1 - Python Bus Error
References: <44b6397c$0$31638$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>
Message-ID: <xkvhveq1llza.fsf@grajagop-lnx.cisco.com>

>>>>> "Martin" == Martin P Hellwig <mhellwig at xs4all.nl> writes:

> Now according to OpenPAM documentation all sessions start with pam_start().
> According to the man page it should contain this:
> pam_start(const char *service, const char *user,
> 	 const struct pam_conv *pam_conv, pam_handle_t **pamh)

Note that pam_conv is a structure. Passing a string 'PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON' and
not passing a pointer for getting the pam_handle_t are both candidates to
cause a crash. 

Ganesan

-- 
Ganesan Rajagopal



From matt at overlook.homelinux.net  Thu Jul 20 09:47:06 2006
From: matt at overlook.homelinux.net (Matthew Wilson)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 13:47:06 GMT
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
	<44bf3f9d$0$30118$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrnebv2aq.ugv.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>

On Thu 20 Jul 2006 04:32:28 AM EDT, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>             self.__dict__[name] = value
> Make it:	
>               object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
>
> Your approach will lead to strange results if you mix it with properties
> or other descriptors...

Thanks!

>>     class C1(C):
>> 
>>         standard_attributes = ['a1', 'a2']
>
> DRY violation here. And a potential problem with inheritance (as always
> with class attributes).

Considering I had to look up what DRY meant before replying to this
message, I may be missing your point.  Is the repeat here that each
subclass has to define its own list of standard attributes?   Or, is it
that the standard_attributes list holds strings, but I could build that
list up by looking at my existing attributes?

If you're feeling charitable, can you explain what you mean a little
more?

TIA


-- 
A better way of running series of SAS programs:
http://overlook.homelinux.net/wilsonwiki/SasAndMakefiles


From gelists at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 09:32:31 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:32:31 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1lzo2lxoy0y5z$.ws2mlsjox0wp.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:

> In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> changed by the object. 

IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
completely self-contained in their behavior.

In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.

> For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
> lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
> And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
> on the whackyness of your toolkit. 

That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
difference.

> So sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. 

Of course.

> Which is programming objects based almost entirely on state and behavior.
> As you can see this has nothing to do with Python vs Java's vs X's
> implementation of accessors and how using them sucks, or how they aren't
> Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.

Yes, but you seem to still be stuck in the paradigm that setting the state
is behavior if it comes from the outside -- probably because some languages
implement that way. 

I'm not (yet) a Python programmer. To be honest, the one single feature
that attracted me to Python is the structuring by indenting... I never
understood why we have to indent (to be able to read) /and/ brace (to make
the compiler happy) in other languages -- I always thought that if
indenting helps me to understand the structure, the compiler should be able
to read exactly that :)

I come from a mostly C/C++/Java/PHP background, apparently similar to
yours. GUI, embedded, whatever. But I can understand that the difference
you are making is not based in a concept, it is based in an implementation.

It is an artificial difference to say that 

  o.is_active = true

is modifying state, whereas

  o.set_active( true )

is dealing with behavior. Either way you are changing the state. Behavior,
that is, doing something, implies state change, one way or another,
sometimes relevant, sometimes not. There are (often embedded) systems, and
well-designed ones, that basically don't deal with what you call behavior
at all and handle everything through state change (of signals). Such
systems can be rock-solid and quite complex, and have a lot of "behavior".
And there are systems that do everything through what you call behavior
(e.g. getter/setter type implementations). Both types can work, both can
achieve the exactly same; this is just an implementation detail. 

> And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
> accessors. 

I'm not sure why you keep on harping on this. It seems to have been clearly
stated that in Python, every attribute /is/ an implied getter/setter pair
-- it's up to you to just let the language use the default (simple)
implementation, or override it with your own logic. It is also up to you to
call this added logic then a feature of "behavior" or of "state".

> Thinking in terms of state and behavior is, because it works regardless
> of programming language or implementations. 

Agreed. But the distinction is not universal, objective, it is subjective.
Where you make it is your choice. As the examples above show, there are
well-working solid systems out there that work on both ends of your
spectrum: only behavior is exposed, or only state is exposed. Both can
achieve the same. It is a subjective choice to call this 

  o.is_active = true
  
state or behavior... the underlying setter implementation for is_active can
do everything you want your behavior to be -- or it can be the simple
straightforward default setter. It's just a subjective thing to say that
this is in the realm of behavior or of state. Didn't you say that state
changes can crash a system? That's behavior, as far as I am concerned :)
And there is little if any behavior that doesn't change the state --
especially setters are known to do that :)

Gerhard



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Fri Jul  7 09:27:43 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 06:27:43 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7894.1152275292.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R46366732.588.24265.1@mx-extra>
	<mailman.7894.1152275292.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152278863.765884.83530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Tim Williams wrote:
> On 07/07/06, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
> > I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
> > My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
> > CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
> > lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.
> >
> > > You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
> > > if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
> > > performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
> > >
>
> Karrigell has an async server, in standalone mode it won't be as fast
> as lighttpd but its simpler to use and code in than cherrypy.
> However, it can also work behind lighttpd,  so you might get a good
> mix of server speed and fast development time.
>
> http://www.karrigell.com
>

Yes, agree about Karrigell's quick development time - an almost flat
learning curve if you've programmed for the web before, and none of the
arcana which you can run into  elsewhere.

"high performance"? - I'm using it to provide an intranet for a small
library with *three* networked computers - performance is impeccable!

Gerard



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 21:02:21 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:02:21 -0700
Subject: replacing single line of text
In-Reply-To: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154126809.954642.193860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154134941.169611.297490@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

saad82 at gmail.com wrote:
> I want to be able to replace a single line in a large text file
> (several hundred MB). Using the cookbook's method (below) works but I
> think the replace fxn chokes on such a large chunk of text. For now, I
> simply want to replace the 1st line (CSV header) in the file but I'd
> also like to know a more general solution for any line in the file.
> There's got a be quick and dirty (and cheap) way to do this... any
> help?
>
> Cookbook's method:
> output_file.write(input_file.read().replace(stext, rtext))
>
> Thanks,
> Pythonner

The read() method of a file will "read all data until EOF is reached"
if you don't pass it a size argument.  If your file is "several hundred
MB" and your RAM is not, you may have some trouble with this.

I don't know how well the replace() method works on tenths-of-a-GB
strings.

The file object supports line-by-line reads through both the readline()
and readlines() methods, but be aware that the readlines() method will
also try to read ALL the data into memory at once unless you pass it a
size argument.

You can also iterate through the lines in an open file object like so:

for line in input_file:
    # Do something with the line here.

so, if you know that you want to replace a whole actual line, you could
do this like so:

for line in input_file:
    if line == stext:
        output_file.write(rtext)
    else:
        output_file.write(line)


Check out the docs on the file object for more info:
http://docs.python.org/lib/bltin-file-objects.html


HTH,
~Simon



From mhellwig at xs4all.nl  Thu Jul 13 08:15:50 2006
From: mhellwig at xs4all.nl (Martin P. Hellwig)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:15:50 +0200
Subject: ctypes wrapping libpam.so on FreeBSD 6.1 - Python Bus Error
Message-ID: <44b6397c$0$31638$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

Hey all,

I'd like to wrap libpam so that I can use that for authentication and 
password management. I build ctypes (0.9.9.6) on my platform via ports.

Now according to OpenPAM documentation all sessions start with pam_start().
According to the man page it should contain this:
pam_start(const char *service, const char *user,
	 const struct pam_conv *pam_conv, pam_handle_t **pamh)

Where service in my case should be 'auth' and user 'martin' with 
pam_conv being 'PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON' for testing purposes (at least I 
assumed it works this way, but probably I'm doing something wrong, 
though I don't know what the correct way should be like).

When I tried it, python dumps the core with a Bus Error, I also tried 
other combinations but it all ends in a Bus Error, any suggestion how I 
should proceed? I don't know much about PAM or C so any help is much 
appreciated.

This (and other things) is what I've done:

[martin at xinag /usr/home/martin]$ su
Password:
xinag# python
Python 2.4.3 (#2, May 24 2006, 00:05:56)
[GCC 3.4.4 [FreeBSD] 20050518] on freebsd6
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> from ctypes import *
 >>> libpam = cdll.LoadLibrary('/usr/lib/libpam.so')
 >>> libpam.pam_start('auth','martin','PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON')
Bus error (core dumped)


Thanks in advance,

Martin


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 05:53:18 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 11:53:18 +0200
Subject: sqlite3 in Python 2.5b1: my out-of-the-box experience
In-Reply-To: <44a9d7cc@news.eftel.com>
References: <44a9d7cc@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <e8ddqf$917$1@news.albasani.net>

John Machin wrote:
> Apologies in advance if this is a bit bloggy, but I'd like to get 
> comments on whether I've lost the plot (or, more likely, failed to 
> acquire it) before I start reporting bugs etc.

Please forward to Gerhard Haering <gh at ghaering.de> if you still
think these are bugs.

Georg


From johannes.wollard at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 13:21:18 2006
From: johannes.wollard at gmail.com (notanotheridiot)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:21:18 -0700
Subject: stdout/stderr for only one thread in a multithreaded python app
Message-ID: <1152811278.074974.30940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi-

I'm trying to exec some arbitrary code in one thread of an application
and read anything it prints to stdout or stderr in another thread. My
question is how?

I've tried changing sys.stdout, but that changes stdout for the whole
application, not just that one thread, which means that any status
updates that I DO want printed to stdout don't get printed.

I've also tried running the code in a seperate process in a new python
interpreter using popen* but I can't read data from stdout until the
program has finished.

Is there some way of passing an overridden value of sys.stdout/stderr
to the exec environment?
(again, I've tried the obvious: exec code in {"sys.stdout": my_stdout}
)

Hoping someone will know something...

Johannes Woolard



From thorley at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:19:47 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 14:19:47 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <1151961024.634768.205010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151961024.634768.205010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151961587.495927.246000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> It will send the 4 bytes, binary, and not the string as you assumed. If
> you want to satisfy yourself, run tcpdump (or ethereal) to observe what
> is being sent.

Thanks very much for the prompt reply. I'll take your word for it. I
actually tried ethereal to verify my hypothesis before posting, but
wasn't able to see the raw data bytes. That's probably just a
deficiancy in my ability to steer ethereal. 

thanks again
--
matthew



From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Sat Jul 22 12:53:49 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 09:53:49 -0700
Subject: Python website problem?
Message-ID: <1153587229.053375.96420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

Does the Python.org website have a problem? I only get a directory
index, and clicking on any of the HTML files in there shows a page
without any CSS makeup.

Anyone noticed this too?

--Tim



From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Tue Jul  4 05:24:58 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 04:24:58 -0500
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <1hhx188.1j5p1xr1l00bmbN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhx188.1j5p1xr1l00bmbN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44AA33EA.7050302@anansispaceworks.com>

Alex Martelli wrote:
>  Terry Hancock <hancock at anansispaceworks.com> wrote: ...
> > Although, I confess to ignorance on what a "snark" is or whether
>
>  http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13
"The Hunting of the Snark" by Lewis Caroll

Of course!  I've heard of it,  but never read it. Thanks, Alex. :-)

Not sure if it's relevant, yet, but no doubt I will be edified by
the experience in any case.  I've enjoyed everything else by
Caroll that I've read.

Cheers,
Terry

-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From cooldown at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 15:36:01 2006
From: cooldown at gmail.com (c00i90wn)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 12:36:01 -0700
Subject: XML parsing and writing
In-Reply-To: <44cdc907$0$18516$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <1154111594.276996.161800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44cdc907$0$18516$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1154374561.173011.45590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Nice package ElementTree is but sadly it doesn't have a pretty print,
well, guess I'll have to do it myself, if you have one already can you
please give it to me? thanks :)

Stefan Behnel wrote:
> c00i90wn wrote:
> > Hey, I'm having a problem with the xml.dom.minidom package, I want to
> > generate a simple xml for storing configuration variables, for that
> > purpose I've written the following code, but before pasting it I'll
> > tell you what my problem is. On first write of the xml everything goes
> > as it should but on subsequent writes it starts to add more and more
> > unneeded newlines to it making it hard to read and ugly.
>
> Maybe you should try to get your code a little cleaner first, that usually
> helps in finding these kinds of bugs. Try rewriting it with ElementTree or
> lxml, that usually helps you in getting your work done.
>
> http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm
> http://codespeak.net/lxml/
> 
> Stefan



From http  Wed Jul 26 12:27:28 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:27:28 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <7xzmew9vrj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> writes:
> > Ruby has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes
> > for methods and attributes,
> 
> This is not "security", this is data-hiding. And IIRC, Ruby's attributes
> are always private - just like in Smalltalk FWIW.

I don't know anything about Ruby, but if it's supposed to be like
Java, then it's real security.  I'm not sure why a typical server side
app would care, though.


From pak.andrei at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 09:42:52 2006
From: pak.andrei at gmail.com (pak.andrei at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 06:42:52 -0700
Subject: Html character entity conversion
Message-ID: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Here is my script:

from mechanize import *
from BeautifulSoup import *
import StringIO
b = Browser()
f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
b.select_form(nr=0)
b["source"] = "hello python"
html = b.submit().get_data()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string

OUTPUT:
&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
----------
In russian it looks like:
"?????? ?????"

How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??

--
Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 04:07:19 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (vatamane at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 01:07:19 -0700
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151741238.980282.325500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I found the Wiki article on list comprehensions useful for
understanding the general concept.
See it at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_comprehension
It talks about how a list comprehension can be thought of as equivalent
to a traditional set-builder notation in math. For example in math
notation, the expression S={x | x in N, x>4} creates an enumerable,
infinite set {5,6,7,...}.

In Python a similar concept applies. Say you have a list L1=[1,2,3,4,5]
and you need another list L2 that will contain the 10th power of all
the elements of  L1 greater than 3. In traditional math set notation
you  would write something like:
L2={x^10 | x in L1, x>3}
and in Python it would be:
L2=[x**10 for x in L1 if x>3]
You can see the correspondence between the two notations. The 'for' is
like '|' and ',' is like an 'if', in rest it is almost the same.

Hope this helps.
-Nick




Simon Forman wrote:
> a wrote:
> > can someone tell me how to use them
> > thanks
>
> basically, a list comprehension is just like a for loop,  if you wrote
> it out the "long way" it would be something like this:
>
> results = []
> for var in some_iterable:
>     if some condition:
>         results.append(some expression)
>
>
> The list comprehension version:
>
> results = [some expression for var in some_iterable if some condition]
>
>
> There's more to it, but that's the basic idea.
> 
> Hope this helps,
> ~Simon



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Tue Jul 18 01:13:38 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:13:38 -0700
Subject: function v. method
Message-ID: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

At first I was going to post the following:

<!-- beginning of my original post -->

I just discovered the inspect module, which contains the isfunction and
ismethod functions. For some reason, I used to be under the impression
that Python methods are no different from Python functions. Naturally,
I wondered why both of these needed to exist (I also later discovered
the isroutine function). So I started to experiment at prompt. Here's
what I did:

>>> from inspect import *
>>> def dan(): pass
...
>>> ismethod(dan)
False
>>> isfunction(dan)
True
>>> class Foo:
... 	def meth(self): pass
...
>>> m = Foo.meth
>>> m
<unbound method Foo.meth>
>>> ismethod(m)
True
>>> Foo.func = dan    # <-- Appearantly, something magical happens here, because...
>>> Foo.func
<unbound method Foo.dan>
>>> f = Foo.func
>>> f is dan               # <-- things begins to look suprising here.
False
>>> ismethod(f)
True

Imagine my surprise. Why would Python do this?

<!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->

but then I tried this:

>>> res = Foo.__dict__['func']
>>> res is dan
True

And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!

This is still a little bit of magic, which gets me thinking again about
the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
and unexpected in my case, why not use some more dot-magic to implement
privates? Privates don't have to be entirely absent from Klass.__dict__
(which would make Python not introspective); they can just be invisible
when using the dot-syntax.

BTW, I am aware of Python's name mangling feature.



From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul  7 15:45:52 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 12:45:52 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Do6dnSDX2c7GeTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rydnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152298657.917751.114450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <rvOdnVYkCOKDJzPZnZ2dnUVZ_rudnZ2d@comcast.com>

You are right. Load test can be complicated because of the various patterns
of web applications and usages. The simple tests I mentioned and conducted 
just
give myself some idea about the performance. Given the same set up, some
numbers should be comparable and reveal some aspects on web servers'
performance. They are by no means formal load tests, but they are helpful to 
me :-)

"Istvan Albert" <istvan.albert at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1152298657.917751.114450 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
>> >> I will have to install lighttpd or other web servers.
>
>> If it is a Python web server, it would be nice to extend it by putting 
>> code
>> right into the web server. The performance should be better than FastCGI
>> because it removes the cost to send the requests/replies back and forth.
>
> you'll need to make a distinction between a webserver written in python
> (primary purpose to serve data) and a web framework that integrates
> python and allows you to generate said data with python
>
> as for the so called load test that you mention above, those "tests"
> are pointless and provide no insight whatsoever to the realistic
> behavior of the server ... unless of course all your users are expected
> to connect from the same machine while asking for the same 2 byte file
> at the maximum speed the system allows them to.
> 




From thomas at eforms.co.nz  Wed Jul 26 01:09:04 2006
From: thomas at eforms.co.nz (Thomas)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:09:04 +1200
Subject: webbrowser  open failing
Message-ID: <574462266fc478d5f813d0ab5c53b894@eforms.co.nz>

Hi all,

I am getting an error using webbrowser open on mac 10.3 using python  
2.3.5

 >>> test=open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
 >>> type(test)
<type 'file'>
 >>> webbrowser.open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 43, in open
     get().open(url, new, autoraise)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 314, in open
     ic.launchurl(url)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 235, in launchurl
     return _dft_ic.launchurl(url, hint)
   File  
"/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 202, in launchurl
     self.ic.ICLaunchURL(hint, url, 0, len(url))
MacOS.Error: (-673, 'no URL found')


cheers
Thomas



From clarkcb at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 14:48:48 2006
From: clarkcb at gmail.com (clarkcb at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 11:48:48 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153680528.213530.145620@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com wrote:
> I tried to encode the different variables in many different encodings
> (latin1), but I always get an exception. Where does this ascii codec
> error comes from? How can I simply build this query string?

Raphael,

The 'ascii' encoding is set in the python library file site.py
(/usr/lib/python2.4/site.py on my gentoo machine) as the system default
encoding for python. The solution I used to the problem you're
describing was to create a sitecustomize.py file and redefine the
encoding as 'utf-8'. The entire file contents look like this:

--------
'''
Site customization: change default encoding to UTF-8
'''
import sys
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
--------

For more info on creating a sitecustomize.py file, read the comments in
the site.py file.

I use UTF-8 because I do a lot of multilingual text manipulation, but
if all you're concerned about is Western European, you could also use
'latin1'.

This gets you halfway there. Beyond that you need to "stringify" the
(potentially Unicode) strings during concatenation, e.g.:

self.dbCursor.execute("""INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
idalbum, path)
                         VALUES ('%s', %s, %s, %s, '%s')""" % \
                         (str(track), nbr, idartist, idalbum, path))

(Assuming that track is the offending string.) I'm not exactly sure why
this explicit conversion is necessary, as it is supposed to happen
automatically, but I get the same UnicodeDecodeError error without it.

Hope this helps,
Cary



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 08:45:21 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:45:21 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8105.1152782354.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8105.1152782354.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152794721.589796.221210@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Simon Brunning wrote:
> On 12 Jul 2006 11:14:43 -0700, John Henry <john106henry at hotmail.com> wrote:
> > Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
> >
> > # logflags is an array of logicals
> > test=True
> > for x in logflags:
> >    test = test and x
> > print test
>
> min(logflags)
>

!!!


> I feel dirty now. ;-)
>

ROFL

Thanks to everybody that replied.


> --
> Cheers,
> Simon B,
> simon at brunningonline.net,
> http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/



From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 24 20:00:22 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 17:00:22 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153775748.571132.228060@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153785622.870353.85960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

ok. indeed i did do '' instead of ' '.
here is an example of a message
'STX\x00\x00\x004\x00\x00\x00\xc8stateman\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00state1man\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00ENX'

tohex gave me '53 54 58 00 00 00 34 00 00 00 c8 70 69 76 6f 74 72 61 63
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 74 72 61 63 31 70 69 76
6f 74 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 45 4e 58'

this is the login message (message type 200)

i will try out your code sample when i get to work in the morning.

thanks, gents, for your time and attention on this

sk

John Machin wrote:
> Grant Edwards wrote:
> > On 2006-07-24, Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:
> > > nephish at xit.net wrote:
> > >
> > >> now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
> > >> the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
> > >> real values out of this message.
> >
> > What is meant by "real values"?
> >
>
> :-)
> I guess he means "real" as opposed to unreal/surreal/virtual/imagined,
> not as in the FORTRAN programmer's credo:
> """
> GOD is REAL
> JESUS is INTEGER
> """
> (-:



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 11:09:28 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 01:09:28 +1000
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode
	for it).
References: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.15.09.28.554736@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Mon, 03 Jul 2006 06:20:36 -0700, Vusi wrote:

> /* $Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $ */
> /*
>  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 David Young.  All rights reserved.
>  *
>  * This code was written by David Young.

[snip code]

Am I the only one who found it hilarious that this piece of code was made
up of 24 lines of actual code (including lines containing only a single
brace) but 29 lines of legalise?


-- 
Steven.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 13:43:12 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:43:12 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8m6ff$ctb$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ant wrote:

> It seems that there must be a way to use eval safely, as there are
> plenty of apps that embed python as a scripting language - and what's
> the point of an eval function if impossible to use safely, and you have
> to write your own Python parser!!

embedding python != accepting scripts from anywhere.

</F>



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 04:34:38 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 01:34:38 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152866078.567124.135170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > What you are asking for is some subset of identity, and I've not yet
> > > succeeded in understanding exactly what it is or what its limits are...
> > > except that so far, it seems to have everything to do with pointers or
> > > aliasing.
> >
> > Perhaps it is specifically first-class identity, rather than identity
> > per se.
>
> As in: "the value of one variable can (be/refer to/depend on) the
> identity of another variable"?  I can certainly see this as as
> reasonable concept to consider.

Yes, I think it's important. We've become so accustomed, in
modern languages, to considering variables as first-class,
that we cannot see any more that many of the problems
attributed to variables (such as aliasing) are actually
problems only with *first-class* variables. The historical
reality that non-first-class variables are associated with
more antique languages (Fortran/pre-OO) makes us shy
away from even considering removing first-class status
from variables. But I think it's an important point in the
design space (although I certainly respect Andreas'
reluctance; to paraphrase, "first class or bust." :-) )

After all, what are the alternatives? Purely-functional
languages remove themselves from a large class of
problems that I consider important: data management.
I have explored the OO path to its bitter end and am
convinced it is not the way. So what is left? Uniqueness
types and logic programming, I suppose. I enjoy logic
programming but it doesn't seem quite right. But notice:
no pointers there! And it doesn't seem to suffer from the
lack. I really don't know enough about uniqueness types
to evaluate them. But again, I already have my proposed
solution: variables but no first-class variables. (And yes,
I'm acutely aware of how problematic that makes
closures. :-()


> > > I'm not yet convinced that this is any different from a language with
> > > standard pointer aliasing.  If I have two tables A and B, and a foreign
> > > key from A into B, then I run into the same problems with enforcing
> > > constraints that I would see with a pointer model... when I update a
> > > relation, I need to potentially check every other relation that contains
> > > a foreign key into it, in order to ensure that its constraints are not
> > > violated by that constraint.  That's the same thing that is being
> > > pointed out as a negative consequence of aliasing in other languages.
> >
> > No, that's not the same thing. What you are describing here is
> > not an aliasing issue, but simply the consequences of allowing
> > constraints to mention more than one variable.
>
> > A foreign key constraint is a multi-variable constraint.
> > Specifically, a foreign key from table A, attribute a
> > to table B, attribute b is the constraint:
> >
> > forall a in A, exists b in B such that a = b.
> >
> > Note that two variables, A and B, are referenced in
> > the constraint.
>
> There's confusion here coming from different usages of the word
> variable.  Let us talk instead of values, and of the abstract structures
> that gives them meaning.

I don't think that will work. We cannot discuss constraints, nor
aliasing, without bringing variables in to the picture. (Aliasing
may exist without variables but it is a non-problem then.)


> In both cases (invariants in a hypothetical
> imperative language, and in a relational database), the constraints make
> reference to these structures of values (relations, for example, or
> various kinds of data structures), and not to the individual values or
> objects that they contain.

I am not certain what this means.


> In both cases, the problem is not that we
> don't know what structures to check to verify the invariant; rather,
> it's that we have to check ALL of the values in that structure.

But not all values in all structures, as you do in the presence
of aliasing.


> As someone pointed out, this is to be expected in a world of mutable
> things with identity that are globally locatable.  It is simple fact
> that if I tell you "I spoke to Barbara's husband", you may need to trace
> down who Barbara's husband is before you could discover that, for
> example, maybe I actually spoke to your boss, or to your nephew's best-
> friend's father.  If databases are capable of modeling these kinds of
> relationships (and of course they are), then they are as susceptible to
> "aliasing" -- in a logical sense that avoids mention of pointer -- as
> anyone else.

I don't see that they're the same thing. Similar is some ways, yes,
but not the same.

As I said much earlier, the terminology is problematic, and it may
be that we (or just I) simply lack the precision of terms necessary
for the conversation.

 
Marshall



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 02:00:05 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:00:05 +1000
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<44aaa4cd$0$23272$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.06.00.00.718322@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:26:36 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> I'm having problems with sub-classes of built-in types.
>> 
>> Here is a contrived example of my subclass. It isn't supposed
>> to be practical, useful code, but it illustrates my problem.
>> 
>> class MyStr(str):
>>     """Just like ordinary strings, except it exhibits special behaviour
>>     for one particular value.
>>     """
>>     magic = "surprise"
> 
>>     def __init__(self, value):
>>         str.__init__(self, value)
> 
> You don't need to override __init__ here.

Perhaps not, but in a more realistic example I might need to.


>>     def __len__(self):
>>         if self == self.magic:
>>             print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
>>         return str.__len__(self)
>>     def upper(self):
>>         if self == self.magic:
>>             print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
>>         return str.upper(self)
>>     # and so on for every last string method...
> 
> My my my....

Exactly. Don't think I don't know this is a horrible strategy -- that's
why I'm asking for ideas for a better way to do it *wink*


>> The obvious problem is, I have to create a custom method for every
>> string method --
> 
> which makes subclassing almost useless - except to pass isinstance()
> tests.

Yep.


>> and if strings gain any new methods in some future version of Python,
>> my subclass won't exhibit the correct behaviour.
> 
> You could replace subclassing by composition/delegation using the
> __getattr__ hook, but this would break tests on type/class :(
>
> Or you could keep subclassing and use the __getattribute__ hook, but
> this is more tricky and IIRC may have negative impact on lookup perfs.
> 
> Or you could use a metaclass to decorate (appropriate) str methods with
> a decorator doing the additional stuff.
> 
> choose your poison !-)

Interesting... That will give me something to experiment with.


Thanks,


-- 
Steven.



From simon at brunningonline.net  Fri Jul 28 05:14:35 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:14:35 +0100
Subject: Writting to file from file and printing using python
In-Reply-To: <cda778180607272308m664cf105ybdd67f77b7f3de23@mail.gmail.com>
References: <cda778180607272308m664cf105ybdd67f77b7f3de23@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607280214y62807a34rbabbd049f026c806@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/28/06, atanas Cosmas Nkelame <atanasy at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
> I have  a task to write a program that will do the following.
>
> 1. Run from the command line

Check out the optparse module for this.

<http://docs.python.org/lib/module-optparse.html>

> 2. Get data from a text file (say data.txt) in the following format
>
>   111:      peter                  edward          peter at yahoo.com
>   112:      John                  sykes            john at yahoo.com
>   113:     edward                mutaga         edward at yahoo.com

Read the text file as normal, and use split to seperate the fields.

<http://tinyurl.com/8w8vo>

<http://docs.python.org/lib/string-methods.html>

> 3. Write that data in a prepared word document (which is essentially a
> letter)
>
> 4. Print the letters for the listed people (111,112,113) on a printer.

Word can be driven via COM, so this should be easy enough. See
<http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/279003> for a
simple example. To find out what you'll need to do, the simplest thing
might be to record a Word macro, and look at the VBA code that it
generates for you. You can convert this to Python and generalise the
bits you need to.

There, that's a starting point. Let us know what you come up with!
Give us a shout if you have any problems.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 18:35:19 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 15:35:19 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd5673$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153262119.072329.213810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> On 19/07/2006 1:05 AM, Dan Bishop wrote:
> >
> > xrange already has __contains__.
>
> As pointed out previously, xrange is a function and one would not expect
> it to have a __contains__ method.

Well, you pointed out that range is a function, but xrange seems to be
a type...

>>> xrange
<type 'xrange'>
>>> dir(xrange)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__',
'__getitem__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__len__',
'__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__',
'__setattr__', '__str__']

No __contains__ method, though, at least in 2.4.1.

> The objects returned by xrange do not (according to my reading of the
> 2.4.3 version of Objects/rangeobject.c) have a __contains__ method.

As confirmed by the above evidence.

> I find it difficult to believe that an inefficient __contains__ has been
> implemented since.

So do I. As you go on to say, the usual sequence traversal mechanisms
are probably used to support the "in" operator. Whether it's a pressing
matter to add support for a more efficient mechanism depends on how
often people want to use ranges in the way described. Perhaps I'll
write a patch - who knows? ;-)

Paul



From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 10:47:52 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 20:17:52 +0530
Subject: Encode filenames to safe format
In-Reply-To: <9e384ef60607200647r1b12559bia8d1892f2ad799d@mail.gmail.com>
References: <9e384ef60607200647r1b12559bia8d1892f2ad799d@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607200747l6f846366na2ee79bc332a5242@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/20/06, Dara Durum <durumdara at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi !
>
> I want to encode filenames to safe format, like in browser url (space ->
> %20, etc.).
> What the module and function name that helps me in this project ?
>

import urllib
urllib.quote('file name')

cheers,
amit

-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 09:18:29 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 15:18:29 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
(snip)
> Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
> works,

I'm not sure of this.

> I keep finding it strange that something like
> 
>   k = [0]
>   def f(i):
>     k[0] += i
>   f(2)
> 
> works but the following doesn't
> 
>   k = 0
>   def f(i):
>     k += i
>   f(2)
> 
> 
> Personnaly I see no reason why finding a name/identifier on the
> leftside of an assignment should depend on whether the name
> is the target or prefix for the target.
> 

It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 18:53:51 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 15:53:51 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
References: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153748542.337657.48640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153781631.376605.208850@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

koara wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > --test results snip---
> > Looks to me like the problem has nothing at all to do with the length
> > of the searched strings, but a bug appeared in 2.3.  What version(s)
> > were you using? Can you reproduce your results (500 & 499 giving
> > different answers) with the same version?
>
> Hello John, thank you for investigating and responding!
>
> Yes, I can reproduce the behaviour with different results within the
> same version -- which is 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310
> 32 bit (Intel)]
>
> The catch is to remove the last character, as i described in my
> original post, as opposed to passing reduced length parameters to
> find_longest_match, which is what you did.
>
> It is morning now, but i still fail to see the mistake i am making --
> if it is indeed a bug, where do i report it?
>

Further sniffing shows that we were both partially right/wrong:
There is a bug.
It is length-dependant.
It was introduced in Python 2.3.

If you want to, you can hack your copy of
<Python-2.4_installation_directory>/Lib/difflib.py
so that line 316 reads:
    if 0:
instead of:
    if n >= 200 and len(indices) * 100 > n:

I'll report it.

Cheers,
John



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 15:59:11 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 12:59:11 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
Message-ID: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I wrote a small app using wxPython on a Linux distro called Ubuntu (it
is a debain derivative). I ran it on windows and it just worked
perfectly. Now, when I am trying to install the same app on a different
Linux Distro (Red Hat Linux) I cannot get it to work. This Red Hat
variant is a customized version of Red Hat of a Company where I work.
It uses python 2.3.4.
I installed wxPython and other dependencies mentioned on
http://www.wxpython.org/download.php

Can somebody give me some pointers to get it working .?

Every help is appreciated.



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 20 02:38:53 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:38:53 +0200
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Anoop wrote:
> Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
> that is followed in Python.
> 
> For example how will be string.lower depricated.
> 
> As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
> 'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python

I don't quite see the question in your post, but, yes, the module level
functions of the "string" module are deprecated in favour of the methods of
the str and unicode objects.

Stefan


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 15:37:04 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 12:37:04 -0700
Subject: building/installing python libs/modules...
Message-ID: <01c101c69d45$bcf90b20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

paul,

thanks for the replies to my issues!!! much appreciation.

i've got the python app:
http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/downloads/libxml2dom-0.3.3.tar.gz

and i've downloaded it, an untarred it...
i have the dir structure, but i don't know what needs to be done now!!! i
have a setup.py. does it get run?

the Readme file didn't tell me how to build the app....

i now, but everyone starts at something, sometime!!

thanks

-bruce




From edin.salkovic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 09:51:24 2006
From: edin.salkovic at gmail.com (=?UTF-8?Q?Edin_Salkovi=C4=87?=)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:51:24 +0200
Subject: Problems with Unicode Plane 1 characters on Windows
Message-ID: <63eb7fa90607120651i39a0e00fwc91457d8716d2a50@mail.gmail.com>

Hi all,

Why doesn't the following code work on Windows XP, although it works
on Linux (Ubuntu 6.06). Both versions are of Python are 2.4, and both
OSs are on the same PC.

>>> import unicodedata
>>> unicodedata.name(U'\U0001d400')
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: need a single Unicode character as parameter

The output should say:
MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL A

Thanks,
Edin


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul  5 11:33:05 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 08:33:05 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <slrneanji2.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneanji2.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1152113585.926837.25180@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel:
> But you can put a set in a dict...

Only as values, not as keys, because sets are mutable.

Bye,
bearophile



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 17:45:22 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 07:45:22 +1000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bd5673$1@news.eftel.com>

On 19/07/2006 1:05 AM, Dan Bishop wrote:
> Paul Boddie wrote:
> 
>> Yes, he wants range to return an iterator, just like xrange more or
>> less does now. Given that xrange objects support __getitem__, unlike a
>> lot of other iterators (and, of course, generators), adding
>> __contains__ wouldn't be much of a hardship. Certainly, compared to
>> other notational conveniences bounced around on the various development
>> lists, this one would probably provide an order of magnitude
>> improvement on the usual bang per buck development ratio.
> 
> xrange already has __contains__. 

As pointed out previously, xrange is a function and one would not expect 
it to have a __contains__ method.

The objects returned by xrange do not (according to my reading of the 
2.4.3 version of Objects/rangeobject.c) have a __contains__ method.

I find it difficult to believe that an inefficient __contains__ has been 
implemented since.

Perhaps you are unaware that the mere fact that an object supports the 
"in" operation does not mean that this support is provided by a 
__contains__ method. The following section of the manual may help:

"""
The membership test operators (in and not in) are normally implemented 
as an iteration through a sequence. However, container objects can 
supply the following special method with a more efficient 
implementation, which also does not require the object be a sequence.

__contains__( 	self, item)
     Called to implement membership test operators. Should return true 
if item is in self, false otherwise. For mapping objects, this should 
consider the keys of the mapping rather than the values or the key-item 
pairs.
"""



From pupeno at pupeno.com  Wed Jul 19 08:16:35 2006
From: pupeno at pupeno.com (Pupeno)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:16:35 +0000
Subject: Using super()
Message-ID: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Hello,
I have a class called MyConfig, it is based on Python's
ConfigParser.ConfigParser.
It implements add_section(self, section), which is also implemented on
ConfigParser.ConfigParser, which I want to call.
So, reducing the problem to the bare minimum, the class (with a useless
add_section that shows the problem):

>>> class MyConfig(ConfigParser):
...     def add_section(self, section):
...             super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
... 

Create an object

>>> m = MyConfig()

and call the problematic method:

>>> m.add_section("blah")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in add_section
TypeError: super() argument 1 must be type, not classobj
>>> 

Why is super() requiring a type ? doesn't it work with classes ? Is there a
way to achieve what I am trying to do (other than calling the specific
class that happens to be the parent today) ?

Thanks.
-- 
Pupeno <pupeno at pupeno.com> (http://pupeno.com)


From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul  3 17:00:09 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 23:00:09 +0200
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gteqoF1om26uU1@uni-berlin.de>

thorley at gmail.com schrieb:
> Greetings, since there was no reponse to my previous post about an
> existing FastCGI server in python, I've taken to writing my own. (which
> of course I'll share--*if* there's something to share ;)
> 
> My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
> socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
> packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.
> 
> socket.send, as best I can tell, will only send strings. I've read on
> the list other conversations where the recommendation was to use xdrlib
> or struct. But it appears that is only useful when you control the
> client and the server. PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, but using struct
> just encodes the binary data as a string, right?

WHich is perfectly alright, as


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 20 01:49:53 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 07:49:53 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153319960.706566.17650@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153319960.706566.17650@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf1983$0$26259$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Kay Schluehr wrote:
> What about letting your teammates editing certain data-structures in
> different files ( physical modules ) but using them in a uniform way
> and enable a single access point. If you have partial classes there is
> no reason why your team has to share a large file where they have to
> edit a single class but break the class into different parts and edit
> the parts separately. No one has to care for including any module
> because the CLR fits all partial classes together at compile time.

I can't believe I always used version control systems for that use case if
it's that easily solved with partial classes.

Stefan


From simon at brunningonline.net  Tue Jul 18 11:14:37 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:14:37 +0100
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607180814ib86bb2bl1f721a6da034db89@mail.gmail.com>

On 18 Jul 2006 08:01:22 -0700, byteschreck at googlemail.com
<byteschreck at googlemail.com> wrote:
> I develop shareware applications that need to be extremely slim (less
> than 1 MB is preferable).
>
> Delphi applications easily meet this requirement and I can expect end
> users to download the .NET framework (if they don't already have it!).

So, they'll download and install the .NET framework at 23 MB, but they
won't download and install Python at 9 and half?

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 01:37:31 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:37:31 -0700
Subject: about Python types and objects
References: <1153020517.696469.218590@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153201051.649482.54580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> I have read the booth python types and objects.  I think its book for
> clearificating types and objects in python.  It says there will be a
> book named python attributes and methods.  Do you know any information
> about this book.  I am interested in it.

Hey pipehappy,

__Python Attributes and Methods__ can be found at:
http://www.cafepy.com/article/python_attributes_and_methods/

For anyone else interested, the 'book' pipehappy originally referred to
is __Python Types and Objects__:
http://www.cafepy.com/article/python_types_and_objects/

Hope this helps.

-alex23



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 12:39:30 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:39:30 -0700
Subject: python - regex handling
Message-ID: <081201c69f88$6ce603a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

does python provide regex handling similar to perl. can't find anything in
the docs i've seen to indicate it does...

-bruce



From frithiof.jensen at die_spammer_die.ericsson.com  Fri Jul  7 09:36:53 2006
From: frithiof.jensen at die_spammer_die.ericsson.com (Frithiof Andreas Jensen)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 15:36:53 +0200
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8lo1m$p9s$1@news.al.sw.ericsson.se>


<diffuser78 at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1152216808.787544.130220 at s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com...
> Error message "cannot find wx"
>
> infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/
>
> I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I
need
> to set some path or something.

I vaguely remember that wxWindows changed name to wxWidgets and
wxPython changed convention along the way so that one should do:

"include wx"  and reference wx stuff as wx<dot><something> ....

instead of "the old way" of:

"from wxPython include *" and reference as f.ex. wxDialog:

This is from memory, I cannot remember what version of wxPython the
change happened - but I was bitten by it.

Check the versions of wxPython on RedHat and Ubuntu - Ubuntu will
almost certainly be newer than RedHat!




From python-url at phaseit.net  Tue Jul 11 20:25:38 2006
From: python-url at phaseit.net (Cameron Laird)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 00:25:38 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Dr. Dobb's Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jul 12)
Message-ID: <e91fi2$7pu$1@lairds.us>

QOTW:  "Write code, not usenet posts." - Fredrik Lundh

"If an embedded return isn't clear, the method probably needs to be
refactored with 'extract method' a few times until it is clear." - John Roth


    The comp.lang.python collective has become quite expert
    at answering "Which book should I read?" questions.
    Note particularly the precision of gene tani, John Salerno,
    and Vittorio:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/4a9e9a76c623e451/

    Programmers who prefer Ruby over Python explain why:
	http://groups.google.ca/group/comp.lang.ruby/browse_frm/thread/d7469d9317913151/18fcafa96ecdeef5?tvc=1#18fcafa96ecdeef5

    If you don't believe all the other evidence that 'twould
    be no blessing for one thread to be its brother's keeper,
    perhaps the testimony of Javans will sway you:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/232ab0131bb3685c
    Keep in mind, anyway, that threading is overrated (overused,
    over...):
        http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b6d4e2be18c2267a/

    PataPata is a wild experiment that touches on GUI building,
    educational "constructivism", and simulations.  Paul D. 
    Fernhout comments extensively:
	http://mail.python.org/pipermail/tkinter-discuss/2006-July/000825.html


========================================================================
Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in
these pages:

    Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional
    center of Pythonia
        http://www.python.org
    Notice especially the master FAQ
        http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html

    PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the
    marvelous daily python url
         http://www.pythonware.com/daily
    Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new)
    World-Wide Web articles related to Python.
         http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html
    While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL
    are utterly different in their technologies and generally in
    their results.

    For far, FAR more Python reading than any one mind should
    absorb, much of it quite interesting, several pages index
    much of the universe of Pybloggers.
	http://lowlife.jp/cgi-bin/moin.cgi/PythonProgrammersWeblog
        http://www.planetpython.org/
        http://mechanicalcat.net/pyblagg.html

    comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software.  Be
    sure to scan this newsgroup weekly.
        http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python.announce

    Python411 indexes "podcasts ... to help people learn Python ..."
    Updates appear more-than-weekly:
        http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html

    Steve Bethard, Tim Lesher, and Tony Meyer continue the marvelous
    tradition early borne by Andrew Kuchling, Michael Hudson and Brett
    Cannon of intelligently summarizing action on the python-dev mailing
    list once every other week.
	http://www.python.org/dev/summary/

    The Python Package Index catalogues packages.
        http://www.python.org/pypi/

    The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references
    to all sorts of Python resources.
        http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/

    Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group
    mailing lists
        http://www.python.org/sigs/

    Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line
    match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're
    subject with a vision of what the language makes practical.
        http://www.pythonology.com/success

    The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python
    Consortium as an independent nexus of activity.  It has official
    responsibility for Python's development and maintenance.
        http://www.python.org/psf/
    Among the ways you can support PSF is with a donation.
        http://www.python.org/psf/donate.html

    Kurt B. Kaiser publishes a weekly report on faults and patches.
        http://www.google.com/groups?as_usubject=weekly%20python%20patch

    Although unmaintained since 2002, the Cetus collection of Python
    hyperlinks retains a few gems.
        http://www.cetus-links.org/oo_python.html

    Python FAQTS
        http://python.faqts.com/

    The Cookbook is a collaborative effort to capture useful and
    interesting recipes.
	http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python

    Among several Python-oriented RSS/RDF feeds available are
	http://www.python.org/channews.rdf
	http://bootleg-rss.g-blog.net/pythonware_com_daily.pcgi
	http://python.de/backend.php
    For more, see
	http://www.syndic8.com/feedlist.php?ShowMatch=python&ShowStatus=all
    The old Python "To-Do List" now lives principally in a
    SourceForge reincarnation.
        http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=355470&group_id=5470&func=browse
	http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0042/

    The online Python Journal is posted at pythonjournal.cognizor.com.
    editor at pythonjournal.com and editor at pythonjournal.cognizor.com
    welcome submission of material that helps people's understanding
    of Python use, and offer Web presentation of your work.

    del.icio.us presents an intriguing approach to reference commentary.
    It already aggregates quite a bit of Python intelligence.
        http://del.icio.us/tag/python

    *Py: the Journal of the Python Language*
        http://www.pyzine.com

    Archive probing tricks of the trade:
        http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python&num=100
        http://groups.google.com/groups?meta=site%3Dgroups%26group%3Dcomp.lang.python.*

Previous - (U)se the (R)esource, (L)uke! - messages are listed here:
  http://www.ddj.com/topic/python/ (requires subscription)
  http://groups-beta.google.com/groups?q=python-url+group:comp.lang.python*&start=0&scoring=d&
  http://purl.org/thecliff/python/url.html (dormant)
or
  http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_q=+Python-URL!&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python
There is *not* an RSS for "Python-URL!"--at least not yet.  Arguments
for and against are occasionally entertained.


Suggestions/corrections for next week's posting are always welcome.
E-mail to <Python-URL at phaseit.net> should get through.

To receive a new issue of this posting in e-mail each Monday morning
(approximately), ask <claird at phaseit.net> to subscribe.  Mention
"Python-URL!".  Write to the same address to unsubscribe.


-- The Python-URL! Team--

Dr. Dobb's Journal (http://www.ddj.com) is pleased to participate in and
sponsor the "Python-URL!" project.


From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:24:40 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:24:40 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <4gvepdF1oqbgdU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4gvepdF1oqbgdU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1152026680.163069.191940@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Nothing got printed.

Could you tell me what would be pythonic version of what I am trying to
do?


Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> > p[j] does not give you a reference to an element inside p.  It gives
> > you a new sublist containing one element from p.  You then append a
> > column to that sublist.  Then, since you do nothing more with that
> > sublist, YOU THROW IT AWAY.
>
> Not correct.
>
> p = [[]]
> p[0].append(1)
> print p
>
> yields
>
> [[1]]
>
> p[0] _gives_ you a reference to an object. If it is mutable (list are) and
> append mutates it (it does), the code is perfectly alright.
>
> I don't know what is "not working" for the OP, but actually his code works
> if one replaces the csv-reading with a generated list:
>
> cnt = 0
> p=[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]
> reader = [["column_%i" % c for c in xrange(5)] for l in xrange(7)]
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     j = 0
>     for col in line:
>        p[j].append(col)
>        j=j+1
>     cnt = cnt + 1
> print p
>
>
> You are right of course that it is the most unpythonic way imaginabe to do
> it. But it works.
> 
> Diez



From carsten at uniqsys.com  Mon Jul 31 15:52:25 2006
From: carsten at uniqsys.com (Carsten Haese)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:52:25 -0400
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
References: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <1154375545.30116.13.camel@dot.uniqsys.com>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 15:21, Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
> 
>  
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

Python does not have static variables in the sense that C does. You can
fake it in various ways, though. If I had to do it, I'd define a
callable object instead of a function, along the lines of this:

class BitSetter(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
  def __call__(self, bit_index, bit_value):
    self.bits[bit_index] = bit_value
    # do something with self.bits here...
    print self.bits

set_bit = BitSetter()

Now you can call set_bit(...) as if it were a function, and it'll behave
the way you want.

Hope this helps,

Carsten.




From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 12:34:57 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 02:34:57 +1000
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <mailman.7774.1152028694.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.16.34.56.909869@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:01:15 -0700, bruce wrote:

> update...
> 
> the error i'm getting...
> 
>>>>UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa0' in
> position 62: ordinal not in range(128)

Okay, now we're making progress -- we know what exception you're getting.
Now, how about telling us what you did to get that exception?


> is there a way i can tell/see what the exact char is at pos(62). i was
> assuming that it's the hex \xa0.

That's what it's saying.

> i've done the s.replace('\xa0','') with no luck.

What does that mean? What does it do? Crash? Raise an exception? Return a
string you weren't expecting? More detail please.

Here is some background you might find useful. My apologies if you already
know it:

"Ordinary" strings in Python are delimited with quote marks, either
matching " or '. At the risk of over-simplifying, these strings can
contain only single-byte characters, i.e. ordinal values 0 through 255, or
in hex, 0 through FF. The character you are having a problem with is
within that range of single bytes: ord(u'\xa0') = 160.

Notice that a string '\xa0' is a single byte; a Unicode string u'\xa0' is
a different type of object, even though it has the same value.

String methods will blindly operate on any string, regardless of what
bytes are in them. However, converting from unicode to ordinary strings is
NOT the same -- the *character* chr(160) is not a valid ASCII character,
since ASCII only uses the range chr(0) through chr(127).

If this is confusing to you, you're not alone.



-- 
Steven.



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 00:54:10 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 21:54:10 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153025650.020307.276670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Yi,
Use the linecache module. The documentation states that :
"""
The linecache module allows one to get any line from any file, while
attempting to optimize internally, using a cache, the common case where
many lines are read from a single file.
>>> import linecache
>>> linecache.getline('/etc/passwd', 4)
'sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh\012'
"""

Please note that you cannot really skip over the lines unless each has
a fixed known size. (and if all lines have a fixed, known size then
they can be considered as 'records' and you can use seek() and other
random access magic. That is why sometimes it is a lot faster to use
fixed length rows in a database => increase the speed of search but at
the expense of wasted space! - but this is a another topic for another
discussion...).

So the point is that you won't be able to jump to line 15000 without
reading lines 0-14999. You can either iterate over the rows by yourself
or simply use the 'linecache' module like shown above. If I were you I
would use the linecache, but of course you don't mention anything about
the context of your project so it is hard to say.

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc


Yi Xing wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #).
> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast
> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.
> 
> Yi Xing



From antroy at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 02:04:56 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 23:04:56 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
In-Reply-To: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152857095.977517.30200@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> So What should I do to get the exact value(here the value after
> 'href=') in any case even if the
>
> tags are like these? >>
>
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">

The following should do it:

expr = r'<link .*?href="(.*?)"'

or if single quotes might have been used:

expr = r'''<link .*?href=["'](.*?)['"]'''

But like the others have said, beautiful soup is very good for things
like this.



From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 13:43:05 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:43:05 -0300
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <kgi4rsiddxbt$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-20 18:10:21, danielx wrote:

>>> When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api (I'm sure
>>> this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
>>> interactive Python.
>>
>> ...and source code...
> 
> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?

Abstraction as you seem to use it requires complete docs of the interface.
Which is what you said you don't have... So the original abstractor broke
the abstraction when publishing insufficient docs, not the one who looks
into the sources to find out what actually happens. 

(This independently of the merits of abstraction.)

Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 10:01:03 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 16:01:03 +0200
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
In-Reply-To: <slrnebv2aq.ugv.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
	<44bf3f9d$0$30118$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnebv2aq.ugv.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <44bf8ca1$0$7965$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Matthew Wilson wrote:
> On Thu 20 Jul 2006 04:32:28 AM EDT, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
(snip)
> 
>>>    class C1(C):
>>>
>>>        standard_attributes = ['a1', 'a2']
>>
>>DRY violation here. And a potential problem with inheritance (as always
>>with class attributes).
> 
> 
> Considering I had to look up what DRY meant before replying to this
> message, I may be missing your point.  Is the repeat here that each
> subclass has to define its own list of standard attributes?   Or, is it
> that the standard_attributes list holds strings, but I could build that
> list up by looking at my existing attributes?

Mostly the second. But now, how are you going to build that list from
"existing attributes" before these attributes exists ?-) (chicken and
egg problem here...)

FWIW, you could use custom descriptors to build the 'schema', then use a
metaclass to detect these descriptors and build the "allowed attributes"
list. But the whole thing seems overkill to me if it's only to solve
typo problems (can be interesting for other reasons...).

Re-read the three first answers to your post - unit-tests,
pylint/pychecker, eventually slots...

My 2 cents

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From db3l at fitlinxx.com  Wed Jul 19 13:39:55 2006
From: db3l at fitlinxx.com (David Bolen)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 13:39:55 -0400
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153194314.826690.98520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc6694$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153238066.667970.205290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ur70hlcic.fsf@fitlinxx.com>

"seberino at spawar.navy.mil" <seberino at spawar.navy.mil> writes:

> > *WRONG*. The object exists in and of itself. There may be one *or more*
> > references to it, via pointers, scattered about in memory; they are
> > *NOT* components of the object. A reference count is maintained inside
> > the object and manipulated by Py_INCREF etc. The Python garbage
> > collector knows *nothing* about the memory occupied by those pointers;
> 
> John - Thanks again,
> I think I just learned something that is important.  If I free memory
> associated
> with pointers to Python objects it will NOT erase the Python objects!!!
> I can merrily follow your orders to free(my_array); without worrying
> about
> nuking the Python objects too early!  Thanks for pointing out that
> reference count is maintained inside the Python object itself.

This may be clear from the thread, but since you don't mention it, you
must also have issued the Py_DECREF for each object reference in
my_array at the point that you're planning on freeing it.

Otherwise, while you will have freed up your own local memory
allocation and no longer make use of the object references (pointers)
previously there, the Python memory manager doesn't know that - it
still has a ref count for your prior references - and the objects
themselves will never be freed.

-- David


From nephish at xit.net  Tue Jul 18 10:57:41 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:57:41 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153223227.195201.237470@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153223227.195201.237470@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153234661.182080.238260@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

so a lamda needs to stay at one expression, and use more than one lamda
for more expressions ?

i think i get it.

sk

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Use it anywhere a quick definition of a function is needed that can be
> written as an expression. For example when a callback function is
> needed you could say:
> def callback(x,y):
>   return x*y
> some_function(when_done_call_this=callback)
> But with lambda you could just write
> some_function(when_done_call_this=lambda x,y:x*y)
> Note: because it is an _expression_ you cannot do stuff like 'if..else'
> inside of lambda.
>
> -Nick V.
>
> nephish at xit.net wrote:
> > Hey there,
> > i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> > get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> > could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> > I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> > books.
> > 
> > thanks for any clarity
> > 
> > sk



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sun Jul  2 16:14:15 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 16:14:15 -0400
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1151824243.188638.48840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1151833437.623649.220230@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e899en$bl3$1@sea.gmane.org>

The meaning of dict.keys, etc, will not change for the 2.x series.  For 
3.0, I believe that Guido already intends that .keys() no longer return a 
separate list.  For one thing, a major, if not the main use, of the method 
is for iteration, as in 'for keys in d.keys():'.  For this, creating and 
them discarding a separate list is inefficient and, in a sense, silly.

One option is to make .keys be what .iterkeys is today.  Another, more 
recent, is to make .keys return a new iterable dict view object, details 
not yet worked out.  Either way, one would make an independent set or list 
with set(d.keys()) or list(d.keys)).

Terry Jan Reedy





From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 16:34:06 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 13:34:06 -0700
Subject: building/installing python libs/modules...
In-Reply-To: <44a6d294@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <01c801c69d4d$b44c26d0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

my bad..

saw that.. completely missed it...

i had guessed.. and am up/runing/testing..

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of John Machin
Sent: Saturday, July 01, 2006 12:53 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: building/installing python libs/modules...


On 2/07/2006 5:37 AM, bruce wrote:
> paul,
> 
> thanks for the replies to my issues!!! much appreciation.
> 
> i've got the python app:
> http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/downloads/libxml2dom-0.3.3.tar.gz
> 
> and i've downloaded it, an untarred it...
> i have the dir structure, but i don't know what needs to be done now!!! i
> have a setup.py. does it get run?
> 
> the Readme file didn't tell me how to build the app....
> 

http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/libxml2dom.html

(see section headed "Installation" at the bottom of the page)

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From DustanGroups at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 08:22:27 2006
From: DustanGroups at gmail.com (Dustan)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 05:22:27 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <1153484547.549742.213910@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Boris Borcic wrote:
> does
>
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>
> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
> with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?

Why not use the supplied shuffle method?

random.shuffle(x)



From david_wahler at bic.ky  Mon Jul 31 09:02:22 2006
From: david_wahler at bic.ky (david_wahler at bic.ky)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 08:02:22 -0500
Subject: ANN: pywinauto 3.6 released
Message-ID: <20060731130222.12930.qmail@BICSRV1011.bic.ky>

I'll be out of the office until approximately August 20th. If you have any questions, please email support at bic.ky.

-- David Wahler




From bayazee at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 13:15:33 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 10:15:33 -0700
Subject: free python hosting !
Message-ID: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

hi
i want a free hosting for python .
so i can make my scripts and upload to server .
i want to use mod_python ...

-----------------------------------------------------
www.python.ir --> Persian Python Community !



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 15:49:11 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 21:49:11 +0200
Subject: help in xml and python
In-Reply-To: <44B691FF.2020902@webcrunchers.com>
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<44B691FF.2020902@webcrunchers.com>
Message-ID: <e9683l$e3a$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Draper wrote:

> I remember a few years ago, I posted something like this to the list,
> and got flamed 6 ways from Sunday for having the audacity to propose
> this.

certain people think that the mere thought of getting paid for 
contributing to freely available software is outrageously immoral...

 > 50 Euros/hour is a very good rate by the way..   if more consultants
> would offer their services this inexpensively, then perhaps it might even
> be competitive with outsourcing.

not sure about that, though: increasingly, outsourcing means paying 
someone to sign up for a hotmail account and keep sending increasingly 
annoying mails to fredrik lundh until he gives up and points to some 
ready-made code that might solve the customer's problem (if I had a 
dollar for every such mail etc etc).

</F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 17:54:44 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 14:54:44 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
In-Reply-To: <1153774861.991891.325570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153774861.991891.325570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153778084.307580.192950@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

gmax2006 wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > gmax2006 wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > Is it possible that a python script finds out whether another instance
> > > of it is currently running or not?
> > >
> > > Thank you,
> > > Max
> >
> > Yes, there are several ways.  What OS are you using?
> >
> > ~Simon
>
> I have to use an os-independent approach.
>
> At this point I use a file as running-flag. It doesn't work so good.
> Because if the python application breaks or get terminated, it won't
> run again unless somebody deletes the flag file.
>
> Alan

Hmm,  I'm very far from being an expert on this, so hopefully someone
who knows better will reply.
You might have to check the OS your script is running on and do, say,
what faulkner proposed for linux (and Mac?), and something like
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/474070 for
windows.

HTH,
~Simon



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 12:26:59 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:26:59 +0200
Subject: ie.ExecWB(40004, 2, 0, 0)
In-Reply-To: <1152891543.650894.141540@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152891543.650894.141540@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e98gkj$uag$1@sea.gmane.org>

Etayki wrote:

> Thanks for the previous response. Now I want to do something similar:
> 
> ie.ExecWB(IDM_SELECTALL, OLECMDEXECOPT_DONTPROMPTUSER)
> 
> However, I don't have the values for the above constants either, and I
> don't know how to import them. Any ideas?

hint: google often picks up source code as well.  if you google for the 
constant names, you'll often find the values on the first result page.

</F>



From matt at overlook.homelinux.net  Wed Jul 19 16:42:40 2006
From: matt at overlook.homelinux.net (Matthew Wilson)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 20:42:40 GMT
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
Message-ID: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>


I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:

    In [5]: class some_class(object):
       ...:      def __init__(self, a=None):
       ...:          self.a = a
       ...:

    In [6]: c = some_class(a=1)

    In [7]: c.a
    Out[7]: 1

    In [8]: c.A = 2

I meant to update c.a but I created a new c.A.  I make this mistake
probably hourly.

I suspect adding attributes at run time can be a beautiful thing, but in
this particular instance, I'm only using this feature to hurt myself.

I wrote a simple class that will warn me when I make this mistake in the
future:

    import warnings

    class C(object):

        warn_on_new_attributes = True

        standard_attributes = []

        def __setattr__(self, name, value):

            if self.warn_on_new_attributes \
                and name is not 'warn_on_new_attributes' \
                and name not in self.standard_attributes:

                warnings.warn("%s has no standard attribute %s."
                              % (self.__class__.__name__, name))


            self.__dict__[name] = value


    class C1(C):

        standard_attributes = ['a1', 'a2']


    class C2(C):

        warn_on_new_attributes = False

    # Do some simple testing.
    c11 = C1()
    c11.a1 = 1
    c11.a2 = 2
    c11.a3 = 3
    c11.a4 = 4

    # Disable warnings for this instance.
    c12 = C1()
    c12.warn_on_new_attributes = False
    c12.a1 = 1
    c12.a2 = 2
    c12.a3 = 3
    c12.a4 = 4

    c11.a5 = 5

    # Use an object that has warnings disabled by default.
    c2 = C2()
    c2.a1 = 1
    c2.a2 = 2
    c2.a3 = 3
    c2.a4 = 4

    # enable warnings for this object.
    c2.warn_on_new_attributes = True
    c2.a1 = 1
    c2.a5 = 5


All comments are welcome.  Is there a better way of implementing the
above class, OR, is this approach generally wrong-headed?  Am I the only
one that makes this mistake?

TIA

-- 
A better way of running series of SAS programs:
http://overlook.homelinux.net/wilsonwiki/SasAndMakefiles


From duncanm255 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 13:51:58 2006
From: duncanm255 at hotmail.com (D)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 10:51:58 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8082.1152720879.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8082.1152720879.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152726718.242610.74900@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks to all for the suggestions - I am going to give them a try this
afternoon.  I am still fairly new to Python, so this will definitely be
a good learning experience. :)

Maric Michaud wrote:
> Le mercredi 12 juillet 2006 17:00, D a ?crit :
> > Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
> > if any changes were made by just editing the text file?  I want to do
> > this project the right way, but if it's going to be a big pain to
> > implement the edit function, just modifying the text file directly
> > isn't that big of a deal..
>
> If you don't want to rely on third party libraries, and want a human-readable
> format I'll suggest using csv file format :
>
> and this way ?
>
> In [47]: class Z(object) :
>    ....:     def __init__(self, val) : self.val = val
>    ....:
>    ....:
>
> In [48]: lst = [Z(i) for i in range(2) + [ str(e) for e in range(2) ] ]
>
> In [49]: [ (e, e.val) for e in lst ]
> Out[49]:
> [(<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c252c>, 0),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c27ac>, 1),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c23ac>, '0'),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c23ec>, '1')]
>
> In [51]: csv.writer(file('config.csv', 'w')).writerows([
> (type(i.val).__name__, i.val) for i in lst])
>
> In [52]: print file('config.csv').read()
> int,0
> int,1
> str,0
> str,1
>
>
> In [53]: l = [ Z(eval(class_)(val)) for class_, val in
> csv.reader(file('config.csv')) ]
>
> In [54]: [ (e, e.val) for e in l ]
> Out[54]:
> [(<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c218c>, 0),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c260c>, 1),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c256c>, '0'),
>  (<__main__.Z object at 0xa76c25cc>, '1')]
>
>
>
>
> --
> _____________
>
> Maric Michaud
> _____________
>
> Aristote - www.aristote.info
> 3 place des tapis
> 69004 Lyon
> Tel: +33 426 880 097



From linuxnow at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 15:33:20 2006
From: linuxnow at gmail.com (linuxnow at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:33:20 -0700
Subject: binding more than one attribute in a facntion
Message-ID: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I want to have a bound method that "fixes" more than one parmeter of a
funtion. LEt me post an example.

def f(a, b, c):
    return a + b + c

I can do:
fplus10 = f(10)
and then call f with 2 params and it works.

But, how can I fix 2 params:
fplus10plus20 = f(10,20)
ignores the second param.

fplus10plus20= fplus10(20)
does not work either.

Can anybody show what I'm doing wrong?



From rganesan at myrealbox.com  Wed Jul 19 08:18:58 2006
From: rganesan at myrealbox.com (Ganesan Rajagopal)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:48:58 +0530
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <xkvhd5c1zt1p.fsf@grajagop-lnx.cisco.com>

>>>>> cdecarlo  <cdecarlo at gmail.com> writes:

> fout = open('somefile','w')
> for line in convertedData:
>   fout.write("%s\n" % line)
> fout.close()

>  -- or --

> fout = open('somefile','w')
> fout.write("%s" % '\n'.join(convertedData))
> fout.close()

> ... or maybe some hybrid of the two which writes chunks of the
> convertedData list out in one shot ...

The second option would be definitely faster. 

> An issue that I'm probably most concerned with is scalabitiy, what if
> the file was huge, like some sort of log file. 

Considering that you've already read in the whole file into a list, it's too
late to worry about scalability when writing out :-). Have you considered
the fileinput module?

Ganesan

-- 
Ganesan Rajagopal



From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 04:17:40 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 01:17:40 -0700
Subject: mod_python fails to load under wamp
In-Reply-To: <1152576245.203901.88510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152576245.203901.88510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152605860.363902.270980@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


> I suggest you search the download files on Xampp's sourceforge site and
> look for an older version with Apache 2.0.55 . I'm not sure, but I
> think xampp version 1.5.1 will be ok

I did this just a few days ago, you could be right, but version 1.5.1
had no release notes, and a dodgy release number (151), so I thought it
safer to go for 1.5.0 which definitely has Apache 2.0.55 (1.5.2 has
version 2.2.something), and people were concentrating harder when it
was released ;-).



From n.estner at gmx.de  Mon Jul 31 06:05:22 2006
From: n.estner at gmx.de (nikie)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 03:05:22 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154181435.147222.242270@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154340319.358580.193430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:

> nikie wrote:
> > Chaos wrote:
> >
> > > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> > >
> > >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> > >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> > >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> > >
> > > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> > >
> > > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> >
> > Milliseconds don't mean much unless we knew how big your images are and
> > what hardware you're using.
> >
> > Have you considered using NumPy? Assuming you can get the image into a
> > numpy array efficiently, the actual algorithm boils down to something
> > like this:
> >
> >     grey = r*0.3 +
>
>  g*0.59 + b*0.11
> >     index = grey.argmin()
> >     x,y = index%step, index/step
> >     v = grey[x,y]
> >
> > where r,g,b and grey are numpy.ndarray objects; The arithmetic
> > operators and the argmin-function are implemented in C, so you can
> > expect decent performance. (the 4 lines above take about 80 ms for a
> > 1000x1000 image on my PC)
> >
> > If that's not enough, you might want to use some specially optimized C
> > library for this purpose. (I'd suggest Intel's IPP, but there are
> > others).
>
> I really do not understand the code. Where did you get the varibales r,
> g, b and step and what does v produce?

Sorry, I should have commented it better. The idea is that r,g,b are
numpy-arrays containig the r, g, b-pixel-values in the image:

  import numpy, Image
  img = Image.open("Image1.jpg")
  r = numpy.array(img.getdata(0))
  g = numpy.array(img.getdata(1))
  b = numpy.array(img.getdata(2))
  w,h = img.size

The "step" is the length of one line of pixels, that is, the offset to
a pixel (x,y) is x+y*step. (This is usually called "step" or "stride"
in literature)

  step = w

Now, I can use numpy's overridden arithmetic operators to do the
per-pixel calculations (Note that numpy also overrides sin, cos, max,
..., but you'll have to use from numpy import * to get these overrides
in your namespace):

  grey = r*0.3 + g*0.59 + b*0.11

The multiplication-operator is overridden, so that "r*0.3" multiplies
each value in the array "r" with "0.3" and returns the multiplied
array, same for "g*0.59", "b*0.11". Adding the arrays adds them up
value by value, and returns the sum array. This generally works quite
well and intuitively if you perform only per-pixel operations. If you
need a neighborhood, use slicing.
The function "argmin" searches for the index of the minimum value in
the array:

  index = grey.argmin()

But since we want coordinates instead of indices, we'll have to
transform these back using the step value:

  x,y = index % step, index / step

Result:

  print x,y,r[index],g[index],b[index]

Works for my image.

Notes:
- I'm _not_ sure if this is the fastest way to get an image into a
numpy array. It's convenient, but if you need speed, digging into the
numpy docs/newsgroup archive, and doing a few benchmarks for yourself
would be a good idea
- numpy does have 2d-Arrays, but I'm not that much of a numpy expert to
tell you how to use that to get rid of the index/step-calculations.
Again, numpy-docs/newsgroup might help
- a general advice: using integer multiplications instead for
floating-point may help with performance, too.
- you said something about 10 ms, so I'm guessing your image doesn't
come from a harddrive at all (because reading it alone will usually
take longer than 10 ms). Numpy arrays have a C-Interface you might want
to use to get data from a framegrabber/digital camera into a numpy
array.



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Thu Jul 27 16:26:13 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:26:13 -0500
Subject: Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
Message-ID: <44C92165.7060806@tim.thechases.com>

A couple of hopefully short (interrelated) questions:

1) is there a way to suppress the banner when starting Python 
interactively?  Something like a "--quiet" that would just drop 
you straight to a prompt?  I like to use Python as a 
nuclear-powered calculator, and am working on a couple little 
projects where it would be quite handy to suppress the banner 
version/help information (namely, if it gets piped to a 
text-to-speech front end, the less noise the better)

2) is there a way to change the two prompts from ">>>" and "..." 
to other options?  Namely, again with the TTS option, something 
that is more TTS friendly than hearing "greater-than greater-than 
greater-than".  The "dot dot dot" isn't nearly as bad.

I'm not sure what sorts of queries to google for to find this 
out.  I've tried things like

site:python.org changing interactive interpreter prompt -idle

and

site:python.org suppress start-up banner
site:python.org banner interactive

along with a few such variants, and had no results that seemed to 
be what I wanted.

Short of editing CPython source, is there something I've 
overlooked?  Some command-line option that doesn't get listed in 
"python -h" or an environment variable?

Thanks,

-tkc







From dnew at san.rr.com  Tue Jul 11 12:20:16 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:20:16 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
Message-ID: <4dQsg.23042$Z67.18834@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk wrote:
> The assignment might be performed in a function called there, so it's
> not visible locally.

In Hermes, which actually does this sort of constraint propagation, you 
don't have the ability[1] to munge some other routine's[2] local 
variables, so that becomes a non-issue. You wind up with some strange 
constructs, tho, like an assignment statement that copies and a 
different assignment statement that puts the rvalue into the variable on 
the left while simultaneously destroying whatever variable held the rvalue.


[1] You do. Just not in a way visible to the programmer. The compiler 
manages to optimize out most places that different names consistantly 
refer to the same value.

[2] There aren't subroutines. Just processes, with their own address 
space, to which you send and receive messages.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From mtbeedee at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:08:24 2006
From: mtbeedee at gmail.com (mtbeedee at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:08:24 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
In-Reply-To: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

py_genetic wrote:
> How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
> example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
> this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
> python.  Thanks.

This might do it...

>>> print eval.__doc__
eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value

Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
The source may be a string representing a Python expression
or a code object as returned by compile().
The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mappping,
defaulting to the current globals and locals.
If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sat Jul  1 19:06:50 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 23:06:50 GMT
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eeDpg.9618$Bh.9295@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"gavino" <bootiack at yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:1151750046.245198.61860 at d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> and no one gave an answer.
> I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
>  and then the backup agent restarted.
> If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> connection is ssh.
> How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> iterate through the 100 servers.
> What script would allow this?
>

Could this project help you? http://sourceforge.net/projects/distribulator/

It sounds similar to what you describe.

-- Paul





From dmbkiwi at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:28:18 2006
From: dmbkiwi at gmail.com (dmbkiwi at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:28:18 -0700
Subject: Regular expression issue
Message-ID: <1153304898.226689.254330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to parse a line of html as follows:

<td style="width:20%" align="left">101.120:( KPA (-)</td>
<td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>

however, sometimes it looks like this:

<td style="width:20%" align="left">N/A</td>
<td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>


I want to get either the numerical value 101.120 (which could be a
different number depending on the data that's been fed into the page,
or in terms of the second option, 'N/A'.

The regexp I'm using is:

.*?Pressure.*?"left">(?P<baro>\d+?|N/A)</td>|\sKPA.*?Snow\son\sGround

Can someone help me debug this.  It's not picking up the number, and
I'm not sure I've got the syntax for '|' right, but can't find a
detailed tutorial on how to use |.

Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks

Matt



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Fri Jul 21 06:41:56 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 22:41:56 +1200
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153361291.923692.45330 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, gel
wrote:

> I am attempting to understand threads to use in a network app which I
> am writing.

It is written, somewhere in the philosophy of *nix programming, that threads
are a performance hack, to be avoided wherever possible. Use processes in
preference to threads.


From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 03:59:18 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 00:59:18 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
Message-ID: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Trying to convert TCL code to python.

Have a property file from where I read some VAR's. Looks like this:
EARPROJECT = sgs-procDist
APPNAME = SGSProcedure


In my TCL code I confirm the existence of the VAR = f.ex EARPROJECT by
using code:

if { ([info exists APPNAME] && [info exists STAGEDIR] && [info exists
EARPROJECT] && [info exists EARDESTINATION]) } {


Does anyone know and equalent way to confirm a Variable from the same
property file using PYTHON code ???



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 01:46:22 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 22:46:22 -0700
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
In-Reply-To: <g1mea2psc54e0g2n510of4hfqpr3bsrdnk@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <021c01c69d9a$daf68030$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

thanks barry...

now if i can figure out what the attributes do, and which ones i need to
deal with!!

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Barry Kelly
Sent: Saturday, July 01, 2006 10:24 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: python/libxml2dom questions


"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:

> also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
> object?

Have you tried dir(object)? It works great on the command-line
reply-eval-print loop.

-- Barry

--
http://barrkel.blogspot.com/
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From tdelaney at avaya.com  Sun Jul  2 19:56:09 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:56:09 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5F07438E@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

vatamane at gmail.com wrote:

> This has been bothering me for a while. Just want to find out if it
> just me or perhaps others have thought of this too: Why shouldn't the
> keyset of a dictionary be represented as a set instead of a list?

There has been much discussion of this on the Python-3000 mailing list.
Suggestings included making keys(), etc return an iterator, and getting
rid of iterkeys(), etc.

The eventual consensus was that keys(), etc should return views on the
dictionary. These views would be re-iterable and will have basically the
same behaviour as the lists returned from keys(), etc. However, such a
view could have O(1) __contains__ behaviour, and would not incur the
overhead of creating a list and populating it - they would be backed by
the dictionary. Of course, this introduces the issue of concurrent
modification, but you can always get an independent copy by calling
list(dict.keys()).

Tim Delaney


From armylau at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 03:26:41 2006
From: armylau at gmail.com (Moore Liu)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 00:26:41 -0700
Subject: some questions on how to study the bittorent.
Message-ID: <1152343601.736864.192460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I am very interesting in the detailed implement of bittorrent and have
read some p2p protocol document, but I want to know more of the
technique implementation. It's time-consuming to reverse-engineering
the code to understand the design intention of it. So my question is:

Is there any well written "Design document" we can find, which descibe
the detail technical in the code. For example: the seed format, the
algorithm of how to divide the files into blocks, how to schdule
threads, how to decide which part of the file should be receive first,
the credit system(something like that in the eMule), and so on...

Could you pls tell me the methology to study the code or show me some
link to these document or some specific forum to delve in?

Thanks,
Moore



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:03:49 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:03:49 -0700
Subject: Capturing instant messages
In-Reply-To: <e9jc4r$4vu$1@news-int.gatech.edu>
References: <mailman.8281.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9jc4r$4vu$1@news-int.gatech.edu>
Message-ID: <1153253029.377799.187760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Assuming a one person per one machine per one chat protocol it might be
possible to recreate the tcp streams (a lot of packet capturing devices
already do that). So the gateway would have to have some kind of a
dispatch that would recognize the initialization of a chat loggon and
start a capture process for each such connection. I imagine with a 1000
employess he will end up with a 1000 processes running at the same
time. Another way is to capture all the streams at once that deal with
the chat protocol and ports and then replay them later and somehow
cre-create the tcp streams and chat messages in a cron batch job (at
night or weekend).

Nick V.


Yu-Xi Lim wrote:
> Ed Leafe wrote:
> >     I've been approached by a local business that has been advised that
> > they need to start capturing and archiving their instant messaging in
> > order to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley. The company is largely PC, but has
> > a significant number of Macs running OS X, too.
> >
>
> This is going to be quite off-topic.
>
> I'm not entirely familiar with SOX regulations. Is it necessary to
> capture it at the gateway? The best solution would be to provide logging
> at the individual chat clients. Piecing together conversation threads
> from individual packets while filtering out other non-chat junk can be
> extremely tedious.
>
> I understand the standard AIM client doesn't provide logging. Probably
> won't any time soon, since it wasn't made for enterprise. There are
> enterprise gateways for AIM, but I'm not sure of the cost or other
> deployment issues. (Try looking at Jabber) You should consider those. Or
> a switch to a more enterprise-friendly protocol if that's possible.
>
> Other alternatives would be to use a better client. Multi-protocol
> clients like GAIM, Trillian, Miranda, and Adium X generally provide
> logging. Most provide the ability to toggle logging for specific
> sessions, thus reducing privacy issues.



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 11 20:07:52 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 00:07:52 -0000
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-11, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:

> I'm writing a spider. I have millions of urls in a table (mysql) to
> check if a url has already been fetched. To check fast, I am
> considering to add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key,
> and use the following sql statement:
>   insert ignore into urls (url, hash) values (newurl, hash_of_newurl)
> to add new url.
>
> I believe this will be faster than making the "url" column unique key
> and doing string comparation.  Right?

I doubt it will be significantly faster.  Comparing two strings
and hashing a string are both O(N).

> However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I
> found it produces different values in my two computers!  In a
> pentium4, hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') ->
> 12416037344.  Does hash function depend on machine's word
> length?

Apparently. :)

The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
portion of the returned hash?

>>> hex(12416037344)
'0x2E40DB1E0L'
>>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffffffffffff)
'0xFFFFFFFFE40DB1E0L'

>>> hex(12416037344 & 0xffffffff)
'0xE40DB1E0L'
>>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffff)
'0xE40DB1E0L'

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Uh-oh!! I forgot
                                  at               to submit to COMPULSORY
                               visi.com            URINALYSIS!


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sat Jul 15 19:15:23 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 16:15:23 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <1152995348.911807.82920@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153002689.600954.284760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Pierre Quentel:
> If the line number of the first line is 0 :
> source=open('afile.txt')
> for i,line in enumerate(source):
>     if i == line_num:
>         break
> print line

I don't know if something like this can be called an improvement:

from itertools import islice
afile = file('data.txt')
line_n = 10
print islice(afile, line_n, line_n+1).next()

Bye,
bearophile



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Mon Jul 10 08:44:26 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:44:26 +0200
Subject: Looking for a HTML like rendering library (wishlist)
Message-ID: <44B24BAA.9000400@designaproduct.biz>


  Hello,

I'm looking for a library that can do the following:

    * Parse a simple structured text file (XML or HTML etc.)
    * Render its output to an image
    * I would like to give the maximum width of the image (but not the
      minimum)
    * I would like to use my custom TrueType fonts, and some basic
      formatting: colors, underline, numbered and bulleted lists
    * I would like to embed some PNG (transparent) images, and align
      them inside the text
    * The library should be able to calculate the size of the image
      before rendering
    * The library should be able to render the image into memory
    * It should be reasonably fast
    * It should be independent of windowing toolkits (PIL is okay)


Why I need this: create widgets in GUI applications, for example:

    * A label that can display formatted text
    * A new grid cell renderer that can display small images and text as
      well
    * Hint window (tooltip) that has formatted text and images
    * Create automatic signatures for e-mails (not GUI related)
    * etc

I tried to implement something similar in pure Python, PyXRP and PIL. I 
could do it, but either it was too slow (10 frames per sec on 300x300 
final size) or consumed too much memory.
Do you know any alternative?

Thanks,

   Laszlo


From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 15:33:01 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 16:33:01 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpl1e.cqh.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <t48yr58nd5jo.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-30 12:45:50, Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> [...] we'd have to use a common definition of "variable". This is a term
>> so widely used that I'm not sure there is a useful single definition of
>> it; do you know one?
> 
> A name in a scope to which is attached some value/object. Now whether
> this attachment is in the form of storage or binding is IMO not
> that important.

IMO this is not a useful definition of "variable", as it also includes what
some languages would call a "constant". This definition even includes
preprocessor macros. Once you try to come up with a definition that does
not include these, it probably gets trickier.


>> In any case, the following doesn't seem to be implementation detail (and
>> rather a part of the language), but it's not really understandable with a
>> C++ concept of "variable":
>>
>>>>> a=3
>>>>> id(a)
>> 3368152
>>>>> b=a
>>>>> id(b)
>> 3368152
>>>>> b=4
>>>>> id(b)
>> 3368140
>>
>> You don't expect the "identity" of the variable b to change with a simple
>> assignment from a C/C++ point of view.
> 
> That depends on what you call the identity. If I had to translate this
> into C++ it would be something like:
> 
>   int *a, *b;
> 
>   a = MakeInt(3);
>   b = a;
>   b = MakeInt(4);

Yup. But in C/C++ speak, it's more common to call a and b "pointers" rather
than "variables". Of course they are also sometimes called "pointer
variables", but not usually "variables". It's of course not technically
wrong to call the variables, but it's probably rare. And for a reason. 


>> but that doesn't mean that you expect C++ language constructs to behave
>> like that.
> 
> If you have implemented it with that purpose, you do.

I'm not sure an implementation of C++ that behaves like Python when
handling ints is still C++. 


I'm not sure where you're trying to go. I think that most people (and even
Bruno, who argued this issue most strongly) call Python variables
"variables" every now and then, or maybe even usually. But it was helpful
for me to see the difference between Python variables and, say, C
variables. I think this has been a useful discussion in this respect. There
is a difference, and it is important (IMO). 

Whether Python variables are in fact "variables" probably depends mostly on
your definition of "variable", and that's IMO a tough one -- a definition
of "variable" that includes all those language elements that various
languages call "variables", and nothing else (that's the tough part).
Whether that definition exists, and whether it includes Python "variables",
remains to be seen :)

Gerhard



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 10:53:43 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:53:43 +0200
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>

tac-tics wrote:

> 
> Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
>> > Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in
>> > Python. I understand why strings need to be immutable in order to work
>> > with dicts, but is there any reason why (hypothetical) mutable strings
>> > should be avoided in situations where they aren't needed as dictionary
>> > keys? Python has mutable lists and immutable tuples, mutable sets and
>> > immutable frozen sets, but no mutable string type.
>>
>> What's wrong about arrays of chars?
> 
> Arrays of chars are dangerous. If you insist, use Python lists of
> Python "chars" (strings of length 1).

Why are they more dangerous than a self-written mutable string? 
 
> If you really want a mutable string type, there's nothing in python
> that keeps you from writting one yourself. You just have to be more
> careful than you would be in C++, because your MutableString type would
> always be passed by reference to functions, and so you'd have to be
> very careful to copy it unless you want weird, unfindable bugs to crop
> up in your program.

I don't buy that. You are right about the dangers - but I fail to see where
C++ gives you any protection from these pitfalls. And what disqualifies an
array of characters in python that exists and has  all the methods I can
think of for a  mutable string.

Regards,

Diez


From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:32:36 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 10:32:36 -0300
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153758523.757935.320080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<eec9f8ee0607250116g7859c6fdm4483a9040335247@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <7i0e96fhnsry.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 05:16:04, Wesley Brooks wrote:

>> prefix your names with _ or __. Both are ommited from autogenerated
>> docuementation and both are OFFICALLY not supposed to be used.
>>
> 
> Could you elaborate on that a little or point me in the right direction to
> read up on it? I'm currently re-writing a large lump of my coding and trying
> to use best practice. I thought it was considered good practice to make
> stuff private (in this case using __ ) that wasn't intened to be accessed
> from outside the function/class?

I think fuzzylollipop meant that such members should not be used from the
outside of the class; that is, they should be considered implementation,
not API. (Which is why apparently autogenerated docs leave them out.)

Gerhard



From nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 02:53:03 2006
From: nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com (Neil Hodgson)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 06:53:03 GMT
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <jdjxg.298$rP1.283@news-server.bigpond.net.au>

Yi Xing:

> Since different lines have different size, I 
> cannot use seek(). So I am thinking of building an index for the file 
> for fast access. Can anybody give me some tips on how to do this in 
> Python?

    It depends on the size of the files and the amount of memory and 
disk you may use. First suggestion would be an in-memory array.array of 
64 bit integers made from 2 'I' entries with each 64 bit integer 
pointing to the start of a set of n lines. Then to find a particular 
line number p you seek to a[p/n] and then read over p%n lines. The 
factor 'n' is adjusted to fit your data into memory. If this uses too 
much memory or scanning the file to build the index each time uses too 
much time then you can use an index file with the same layout instead.

    Neil


From mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 12:05:44 2006
From: mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com (Mr. Roboto)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:05:44 -0700
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Mpqxg.1$DA3.0@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1153843544.514362.78530@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Phillipe:  Actually, it's not performance of the core app that concerns
me.  I'm thinking more about UI/form *design* productivity.  I've done
a lot of Access work over the years and while the stand-alone VB form
designer isn't quite as thorough, it's still one of the slickest out
there.  Unfortunately, there's no designer for PyWin and wxPython's
XRC is nice but not in the same league as what can be done w/ Delphi
or VB.  Yes, I'm aware that wxWidgets has a real form designer, but
that's yet another story, for another day.

Making XRC into a more fully-featured tool (more on par w/ the
aforementioned) is a way nice project unto itself, but not right now.
However, the desk accessory I've mentioned is an excellent 1st step
towards *possibly* doing something much bigger....

Philippe Martin wrote:
> Do you have major performances issues ? why not write everything in
> Python/WxPython ?
>
>
> I used to write my applications in VB6 with python com objects ... and
> decided there was no gain there.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Philippe



From donald.welch at hp.com  Mon Jul 17 13:27:06 2006
From: donald.welch at hp.com (dwelch91)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:27:06 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>

tac-tics wrote:
> 
> I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
> live dedicated boolean data types.
> 
Uh, no, empty lists are False in a boolean context:

http://docs.python.org/lib/truth.html

-Don


From teethofgold at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 16:05:38 2006
From: teethofgold at yahoo.com (Jeremy Winters)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:05:38 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.30774.1152952204.27774.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <20060717200538.22004.qmail@web52310.mail.yahoo.com>

All the stuff I've found personally are security patches for python 1.5.2... which seems to be baked into the OS.
  
  I don't choose to use this OS... it is mandated by our IT dept.  I have no complaints other than this...
  
  Is there nobody in pythonland who has installed python 2.2 or higher on this OS?
  
  Anybody?
  
  Jeremy
  
  



From: Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com>
To: python-list at python.org
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:20:21 +0200
Subject: Re: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?

  Jeremy Winters wrote:

> Installable package?
> 
> Any ideas?

is RedHat no longer providing pre-built packages for their distributions  ?



  



 		
---------------------------------
Talk is cheap. Use Yahoo! Messenger to make PC-to-Phone calls.  Great rates starting at 1?/min.
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From nogradi at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 05:40:59 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 11:40:59 +0200
Subject: Is there a Python __LINE__ ?
In-Reply-To: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>
References: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607060240p3572609au95e2cabcc1ee100b@mail.gmail.com>

> Hi,
>
> is there a Python aquivalent to the C __LINE__?
>
> Thank you in advance

Google says:

http://www.nedbatchelder.com/blog/200410.html#e20041003T074926


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:37:46 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:37:46 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> > Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.
> > I understand why strings need to be immutable in order to work with dicts,
> > but is there any reason why (hypothetical) mutable strings should be
> > avoided in situations where they aren't needed as dictionary keys? Python
> > has mutable lists and immutable tuples, mutable sets and immutable frozen
> > sets, but no mutable string type.
>
> What's wrong about arrays of chars?

Arrays of chars are dangerous. If you insist, use Python lists of
Python "chars" (strings of length 1).

If you really want a mutable string type, there's nothing in python
that keeps you from writting one yourself. You just have to be more
careful than you would be in C++, because your MutableString type would
always be passed by reference to functions, and so you'd have to be
very careful to copy it unless you want weird, unfindable bugs to crop
up in your program.



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul  2 01:47:08 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 17:47:08 +1200
Subject: slow non-blocking reads
References: <mailman.7620.1151598431.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-1F29A3.17470802072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.7620.1151598431.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 "Mark Dufour" <mark.dufour at gmail.com> wrote:

>any thoughts about why this runs extremely slowly?

Because both processes are chewing up most of your CPU each waiting for 
the other to do something.


From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 11:01:23 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:01:23 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
In-Reply-To: <1154011384.274967.126020@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154011384.274967.126020@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154012483.453776.187010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> Fuzzyman wrote:
[snip..]
> > I was hoping I could get to the code object for the *body* of the
> > function. Looks like that won't be possible without dis-assembling the
> > bytecode or other tricks even more hackish than what I've already done.
> >
> > For the record, the code  I was using was :
> >
> > x = 3
> > def f(x):
> >     print x
> >
> > CodeType = type(f.func_code)
> >
> > def convert_function(f):
> >     code = f.func_code
> >     nlocals = max(code.co_nlocals - code.co_argcount, 0)
> >     newCode = CodeType(0, nlocals, code.co_stacksize, code.co_flags,
> >                        code.co_code, code.co_consts, code.co_names,
> >                        code.co_varnames, code.co_filename,
> > code.co_name,
> >                        code.co_firstlineno, code.co_lnotab,
> > code.co_freevars,
> >                        code.co_cellvars)
> >     return newCode
> >
> > print convert_function(f)
> > exec convert_function(f)
> >
> > Fuzzyman
> > http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml
>
> Out of curiosity, why are you doing this?
>

In Ruby anonymous code blocks (which take parameters and can presumably
return values) are executed within the scope in which they are used,
rather than the scope that they are defined.

I wanted to see how close to that I could get in Python. Obviously code
could be compiled from a string, but I thought extracting it from the
body of a function was closer.

All the best,

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

> Peace,
> ~Simon



From rpw3 at rpw3.org  Thu Jul 13 19:28:34 2006
From: rpw3 at rpw3.org (Rob Warnock)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:28:34 -0500
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <BJ-dnZPb69C_SivZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
+---------------
| Joachim Durchholz wrote:
| > Actually SQL has references - they are called "primary keys", but they
| > are references nevertheless.
| 
| I strongly object; this is quite incorrect. I grant you that from the
| 50,000 foot level they appear identical, but they are not.
+---------------

Agreed. The only thing different about "primary" keys from any other
key is uniqueness -- a selection by primary key will return only one
record. Other than that constraint, many databases treat them exactly
the same as non-primary keys [e.g., can form indexes on them, etc.].

+---------------
| To qualify as a reference, there need to be reference and dereference
| operations on the reference datatype; there is no such operation is SQL.
+---------------

Not in "ANSI SQL92", say, but there might be in most SQL databases!
[See below re OIDs. Also, SQL:1999 had a "REF" type that was essentially
and OID.]

+---------------
| Would you say the relational algebra has references?
+---------------

Don't confuse "SQL" & "relational algebra"!! You'll get real
relational algebraists *way* bent out of shape if you do that!

+---------------
| > (Some SQL dialects also offer synthetic "ID" fields that are
| > guaranteed to remain stable over the lifetime of a record.
| 
| Primary keys are updatable; there is nothing special about them.
+---------------

I think he's probably talking about "OIDs" (object IDs). Most
current SQL-based databases provide them, usually as a normally-
invisible "system column" that doesn't show up when you say
"SELECT * FROM", but that *does* appear if you say "SELECT oid, *",
and may be used as a "primary" key even on tables with no actual
primary key:

    rpw3=# select * from toy limit 4;
       c1   |  c2   |               c3               | upd 
    --------+-------+--------------------------------+-----
     fall   | tape  | My Favorite Thanksgiving       |  16
     xmas   | book  | My Favorite Christmas          |   2
     xmas   | video | The Grinch who Stole Christmas |   4
     summer | book  | Unusual 4ths of July           |  17
    (4 rows)

    rpw3=# select oid, * from toy limit 4;
      oid  |   c1   |  c2   |               c3               | upd 
    -------+--------+-------+--------------------------------+-----
     19997 | fall   | tape  | My Favorite Thanksgiving       |  16
     19998 | xmas   | book  | My Favorite Christmas          |   2
     19999 | xmas   | video | The Grinch who Stole Christmas |   4
     20000 | summer | book  | Unusual 4ths of July           |  17
    (4 rows)

    rpw3=# select * from toy where oid = 19998;
      c1  |  c2  |          c3           | upd 
      ------+------+-----------------------+-----
       xmas | book | My Favorite Christmas |   2
       (1 row)

    rpw3=# insert into toy values ('fall','book','Glory Road');
    INSERT 32785 1

    rpw3=# select oid, * from toy where oid = 32785;
      oid  |  c1  |  c2  |     c3     | upd 
    -------+------+------+------------+-----
     32785 | fall | book | Glory Road |  21
     (1 row)

    rpw3=# 

See <http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.1/static/datatype-oid.html>
for how PostgreSQL treats OIDs [including some critical limitations].


-Rob

-----
Rob Warnock			<rpw3 at rpw3.org>
627 26th Avenue			<URL:http://rpw3.org/>
San Mateo, CA 94403		(650)572-2607



From olsongt at verizon.net  Wed Jul 12 09:04:50 2006
From: olsongt at verizon.net (olsongt at verizon.net)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 06:04:50 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
In-Reply-To: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152709490.397433.183990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


dbandler at gmail.com wrote:
> I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
> box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
> possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
> look like:
>
>    File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
>     self.connect(host)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
>     self.welcome = self.getresp()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
>     resp = self.getmultiline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
>     line = self.getline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
>     if not line: raise EOFError
> EOFError
>
> Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?
>
> Thanks.
>
> Derek

It might be XP SP2's worm protection as well:

http://www.speedguide.net/read_articles.php?id=1497



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Fri Jul  7 20:07:32 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 12:07:32 +1200
Subject: strange i/o delay problem in socket
References: <1152217245.097394.225510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-9B7F6E.12073208072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1152217245.097394.225510 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
 "liubojin at gmail.com" <liubojin at gmail.com> wrote:

>while in most cases, the time needed for a handler thread to read the
>request line from the socket is below 1 millisecond, there are some
>cases this time is over severl thousand (or even higher) milliseconds.
>I'm just wondering what could be the possible cause(s) of this ? btw,
>this happens more often when there are large number of clients, but
>will also happen ocassionally when the number of client is very
>small....

It could just be occasional packet loss over your physical network--i.e. 
something outside your control.

Not sure how you'd test this, except by running a packet sniffer.


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 19:00:33 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 20:00:33 -0300
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-14 16:07:28, Piet van Oostrum wrote:

>>AP> 2a) In case you answer yes to question (1). Can you explain me how
>>AP>     I have to read the language reference in order to deduce this
>>AP>     is indeed the way things should be understood.
> 
> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
> say. Your problem is that you thought __setitem__ is part of evaluation,
> but it isn't. It is part of assignment, while __getitem__ is part of
> evaluation. See the definitions of __getitem__ and __setitem__ in the
> language reference manual.

Sorry to butt in here... I really don't know much more about this than I
read in this thread :) 

But wasn't stated earlier that one of the differences between a += b and a
= a + b is that a gets evaluated once in the first case and twice in the
second case? If __getitem__ was part of the evaluation (as you seem to
say), shouldn't it be called twice in the second case? It doesn't seem to
get called twice; see this snippet from an earlier message:

>>> t['a'] = t['a'] + 1
__getitem__, key = a
__setitem__, key = a
>>> t['a'] += 1
__getitem__, key = a
__setitem__, key = a


Seems like the __get/setitem__ thing has not much to do with what the
manual calls evaluation, but rather with what the name implies: setting and
getting the value of the item. And therefore, since in both the a += b case
and the a = a + b case the value of a is gotten once and set once,
__getitem__ gets called once and __setitem__ gets called once. No?

Thanks,
Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 14 04:21:05 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:21:05 +0200
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
In-Reply-To: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44b753f2$0$29911$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Tom Plunket wrote:
> I have some code to autogenerate some boilerplate code so that I don't
> need to do the tedious setup stuff when I want to create a new module.
> 
> So, my script prompts the user for the module name, then opens two
> files and those files each get the contents of one of these functions:
> 
> def GetPyContents(module):
> 	boilerplate = \
> """
> class %s:
> 	pass
> 	
> if __name__ == '__main__':
> 	import unittest
> 	unittest.main('%s_t')
> """
> 	
> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 2)
> 	
> def GetTestContents(module):
> 	boilerplate = \
> """from %s import *
> import unittest
> 
> class Test%s(unittest.TestCase):
> 	def testConstruction(self):
> 		self.failUnless(%s())
> 		
> 	def testWriteMoreTests(self):
> 		self.fail('This test should fail.')
> 		
> if __name__ == '__main__':
> 	unittest.main()
> """
> 
> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)
> 
> My question is, I don't like hardcoding the number of times that the
> module name should be repeated in the two return functions.  Is there
> an straight forward (inline-appropriate) way to count the number of
> '%s'es in the 'boilerplate' strings?  ...or maybe a different and more
> Pythonic way to do this?  (Maybe I could somehow use generators?)

Python's string formatting comes in two flavours : positional (the one
you used in your above example), and keywords:

tpls = [
  "%(name1)s is %(name1)s and %(name2)s is %(name2)s",
  "what about %(name2)s for %(name1)s ?",
  "Now we only deal with %(name1)s",
  ]

data = {'name1' : 'parrot', 'name2': 'dead'}

for tpl in tpls:
  print tpl % data

As you can see, the keyword flavour doesn't care about positions nor
repetitions.

You may also want to look at more featured templating solutions like
empy, cheetah, etc...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 09:03:19 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:03:19 -0500
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CA0B17.5000606@tim.thechases.com>

> when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*') ...I get
> 
> sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis


Because you're not using raw strings, the escapables become 
escaped, making your regexp something like

	[A-Za-z]:\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*

(because it knows what "\\" is, but likely doesn't attribute 
significance to "\?" or "\|", and thus leaves them alone).

Thus, you have "\(" in your regexp, which is a literal 
open-paren.  But you have a ")", which is a "close a grouping" 
paren.  The error is indicating that the "close a grouping" paren 
doesn't close some previously opened paren.

General good practice shoves all this stuff in a raw string:

	r"[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*"

which solves much of the headache.

-tkc






From kylotan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 09:53:07 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 06:53:07 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1154008387.827775.293180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> >
> > Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
> > > The first case can be just a typo, like:
> > >
> > >   x.valeu = 5
> > >
> > > I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
> > > would be unreadable :).
> >
> > Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
> > errors can be trained.
>
> I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
> like this? (No, not really. But...)

One of the benefits of Python is being able to dynamically add
attributes like that, or indeed to be able to access attributes that
haven't explicitly been created. If it raised an error each time you
tried to add something outside of an __init__ function, there are many
Python tricks you could no longer achieve. Unfortunately, when you come
from a language like C++ or Java where you learned to live without
those benefits, often not even knowing such things existed, all you see
are the negatives (ie. lack of checking).

--
Ben Sizer





The


>
> >
> > > The second case can be like:
> > >
> > >   x.next = y
> > >   y.next = None
> > >
> > > to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
> > > overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
> >
> > You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
> > checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
> > everything in life.
>
> Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
> decent Python knowledge would do that.
> But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
> anyone using name xxx?" The class may be used by  developers I don't
> even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...
>
> >
> > > If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
> > > someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
> > > horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
> > > with.
> >
> > Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
> > writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
> > People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.
>
> I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
> another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...
>
>
> Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:
>
> What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
> (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
> have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
> But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
> or over-ride functions.
> 
> SJ



From tenax.raccoon at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:21:36 2006
From: tenax.raccoon at gmail.com (Jason)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 21:21:36 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152505296.099716.324930@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

greenflame wrote:
> I want to make a function that does the following. I will call it
> thefunc for short.
>
> >>> s = "Char"
> >>> thefunc(s)
> >>> s
> '||Char>>'
>
> I tried the following
>
> def thefunc(s):
>     s = "||" + s + ">>"
>
> The problem is that if I look at the string after I apply the function
> to it, it is not modified. I realized that I am having issues with the
> scope of the variables. The string in the function, s, is local to the
> function and thus I am not changing the string that was inputed, but a
> copy. I cannot seem to figure out how to get what I want done. Thank
> you for your time.

You cannot do what you are trying to do directly.  Strings are
immutable objects.  Once a string is created, that string cannot be
modified.  When you operate on a string, you produce a different
string.  Functions which operate on a string should return their value:

>>> def thefunc(s):
...     return '||' + s + '>>'
...
>>> s = 'Char'
>>> s = thefunc(s)
>>> s
'||Char>>'

There /are/ a few hacks which will do what you want.  However, if you
really need it, then you probably need to rethink your program design.
Remember, you can't change a string since a string is immutable!  You
can change a variable to bind to another string.  In the following
example, s gets rebound to the new string while t keeps the original
string value:

>>> def changeString(varName):
...     globalDict = globals()
...     globalDict[varName] = '||' + globalDict[varName] + '>>'
...     return
...
>>> s = 'Char'
>>> t = s
>>> changeString('s')
>>> s
'||Char>>'
>>> t
'Char'

Further note that this only affects variables in the global scope.  I
hope this helps!

    --Jason



From antroy at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 13:21:33 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 10:21:33 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153416093.081124.52460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Came across this article this afternoon - thought it may be of interest
to some of those following this thread...

http://www.devx.com/opensource/Article/31593/0/page/2



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 15:14:33 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:14:33 -0300
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>	<ea3046$9vg$1@eeyore.INS.cwru.edu>
	<mailman.8479.1153763740.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c50c06$0$22015$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <irpbt07ldlzy$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 15:05:53, Stefan Behnel wrote:

>>>>    Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
>>>> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
>>>> is I can't have a
>>>>   def func1 (int1, string1):
>>>>    and a
>>>>   def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>>>>     without the second func1 overwriting the first.
>>> Correct.
>> 
>> Can you write a function that accepts any number of arguments? And then
>> branch based on the number of arguments supplied?
>> 
>> I guess you can do that with a list as only argument. But can that be done
>> using the "normal" function argument notation?
> 
> I guess you mean something like
> 
>    func1(int1, arg2, *args):
>        if len(args) == 2:
>           ...
>        elif not args:
>           ...
>        else:
>           raise ...

Exactly. So in a way, the OP's question whether such an overload is
possible has two answers: a formal overload (two separate function
definitions) is not possible, but a functional overload (two definitions
for the different parameter numbers inside one function) is possible.

Thanks,
Gerhard



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 18:56:28 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:56:28 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>>
>> Thanks John, I do not have a long available on the device: stuck with 16
>> bits.
>>
> 
> What does "available on the device" mean? Having a "long" is a property
> of a C complier, not a device. What is the CPU in the device? What is
> the C compiler you are using? N.B. Last time I looked, gcc would
> generate code for just about any CPU since Babbage's. I would expect
> *any* C compiler that is targetting a 16-bit CPU to provide a 32-bit
> long and generate reasonably efficient code for most simple operations.
> Is there no library of utility routines for *elementary* base
> conversions such as you need? Is there no 32-bit-arithmetic-simulation
> package?

Hi John,

I'm working on an embedded 8 bit device and have no choice as to which
cross-compiler to use: in this case the guy knows up to short and that's
it.

Regards,

Philippe



From sanjeevdivekar at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 13:56:38 2006
From: sanjeevdivekar at gmail.com (sanjeevdivekar)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:56:38 -0700
Subject: template is calling 2 times
Message-ID: <1152294998.381582.289650@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hi,

i am newbie to python so i am trying to learn mod_python as my new
development kit for my small web apps.

i am getting strange result can anybody explain me.
*********************************************************************************************
index.py
*********************************************************************************************
from mod_python import apache
from mod_python import psp
from mod_python import util

def index(req, para=None):
    tmpl = psp.PSP(req, filename='a.html')
    tmpl.run(vars = {'para':para})
    tmpl.run()

def show_data(req, name):
    index(req, name)
*********************************************************************************************

*********************************************************************************************
a.htm
*********************************************************************************************

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1><%=para%></h1>
<form method="post" action="http://localhost:8080/test/show_data">
	<input type="text" name="name">
	<input type="submit">
</form>
</BODY>
</HTML>
*********************************************************************************************

*********************************************************************************************
Result
*********************************************************************************************
None
<textbox> <submitbutton>

Mod_python error: "PythonHandler mod_python.publisher"
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\mod_python\apache.py", line 299, in
HandlerDispatch result = object(req)
File "E:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\mod_python\publisher.py", line 213,
in handler published = publish_object(req, object)
File "E:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\mod_python\publisher.py", line 412,
in publish_object return Publish_object(req,util.apply_fs_data(object,
req.form, req=req))
File "E:\Python24\lib\site-packages\mod_python\util.py", line 439, in
apply_fs_data return object(**args)
File "E:\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\test\index.py", line 8, in index
tmpl.run()
File "E:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\mod_python\psp.py", line 213, in
run exec code in global_scope
File "E:\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\test\a.html", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'para' is not defined
********************************************************************************************


what's wrong in this code?
any good internet resource to learn mod_python?

thanks in advanced
Sanjeev



From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Mon Jul 24 07:44:06 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:44:06 +0100 (BST)
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>
	<e9vd3g$s2i$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<7xd5bwd6hn.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <Qpt*HYsmr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Paul Rubin  <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> wrote:
> print list(islice(starmap(random.choice, repeat((possible_notes,))), length))

Why the use of starmap() rather than
imap(random.choice, repeat(possible_notes))
?

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From chris at kateandchris.net  Wed Jul 26 12:45:21 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:45:21 -0400
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <20060726164521.GC11227@kateandchris.net>

I think you are going to need to provide some python minimal code as an
example of what is not working for you.

-Chris
On Wed, Jul 26, 2006 at 11:39:36AM -0400, Pierre Thibault wrote:
> Hello!
> 
> I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
> because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
> iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
> I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
> was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
> STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
> 
> template <class H>
> class MyClass
> {
> public:
> 
> 	MyClass(H& o1, H& o2) : object1(o1), object2(o2) {}
> 
> 	void compute();
> 
> private:
> 	H& object1;
> 	H& object2;
> 
> };
> 
> template <class H>
> void MyClass::compute()
> {
> 	typedef typename H::iterator I;
> 
> 	I o1_begin = object1.begin();
> 	I o2_begin = object2.begin();
>         I o1_end = object1.end();
> 
> 	for(I io1 = o1_begin, io2 = o2_begin; io1 != o1_end; ++io1, ++io2)
>  	{
> 		// Do something with *io1 and *io2, for instance:
> 		// *io1 += *io2;
> 	}
> }
> 
> This is all nice: any object having a forward iterator works in there.
> 
> Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
> would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
> read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
> 
> io1 = iter(object1)
> io2 = iter(object2)
> 
> try:
>   while 1:
>     io1.next() += io2.next()
> except StopIteration:
>   pass
> 
> That won't work:
> SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
> 
> Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> Pierre
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 22:10:40 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 02:10:40 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> 
>>1 and 2 are easy enough. 3 to 5 are best expressed as assertions rather
>>than types.
> 
> One of us is missing the other's meaning here.  If 3 to 5 were expressed 
> as assertions rather than types, then the type system would become 
> incomplete, requiring frequent runtime-checked type ascriptions to 
> prevent it from becoming impossible to write software.  That's not my 
> idea of a usable language.

Maybe I'm not understanding what you mean by "complete". Of course any
type system of this expressive power will be incomplete (whether or not
it can express conditions 3 to 5), in the sense that it cannot prove all
true assertions about the types of expressions.

So yes, some assertions would need to be checked at runtime (others could be
proven to always hold by a theorem prover).

Why is this a problem? The goal is not to check everything at compile time;
the goal is just to support writing correct programs.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From pmaupin at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 12:32:07 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 09:32:07 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Carl Banks wrote:
> Here's another reason not to use "if lst".  Say you have a function
> that looks like this:
>
>     def process_values(lst):
>         if not lst:
>             return
>         do_expensive_initialization_step()
>         for item in lst:
>             do_something_with(item)
>         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>
> That works, right?  No problem, right?
>
> What if you called the function like this:
>
>     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)
>
> Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
> finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
> subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
> throw an exception.
>
> If we had used "if len(list)>0", we'd have gotten a nice exception
> telling us that a generator is not welcome.  Then we'd have changed the
> argument to a list comprehension, or better, changed the function to
> work for any iterator.

The argument that one should always use len() to test whether sequences
are empty or not simply because the use of len() gives a free "is it a
sequence?" type-check is not apt to be well received by an audience
which rejects explicit type-checking in general.

The specific example given, where a lack of a len() works correctly,
except for using more execution time on generators than on lists, is
not apt to be well received by an audience which rejects premature
optimizations in general, and which believes that if you don't notice a
speed problem, it doesn't exist, and if you _do_ notice a speed
problem, the profiler is the best tool to attack it with.

The perverse wish, expressed in the specific example, that SOME piece
of code SOMEWHERE should PLEASE throw an exception because some idiot
passed a generator expression rather than a list into a function, is
not apt to be well received by an audience which strives for generality
when it makes sense; and I daresay most members of that audience, if
confronted with the wished-for exception, would fix the function so
that it quite happily accepted generator expressions, rather than
changing a conditional to use len() just so that an equivalent
exception could happen a bit earlier.

I'm not saying that _everybody_ on this list is in any of these
audiences, but I would suspect that all the people arguing with you are
:)

Regards,
Pat



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:49:49 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:49:49 -0700
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

True, that is why it behaves the way it does, but which way is the
correct way? i.e. does the code need updating or the documentation?

-Nick V.

olsongt at verizon.net wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> > Roman,
> >
> > According to the Python call syntax definition
> > (http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
> > seems like a minor bug.  Here are the  lines in question:
> > -----http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html-----------
> > call ::= primary "(" [argument_list [","]] ")"
> > argument_list::=positional_arguments ["," keyword_arguments] ["," "*"
> > expression] ["," "**" expression]
> > 	| keyword_arguments ["," "*" expression] ["," "**" expression]
> >         | "*" expression ["," "**" expression]
> >         | "**" expression
> > ----------------------------------------------------------
> > If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
> > 'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
> > the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
> > exhaustive example:
> > --------------------------------------------------------
>
> Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:
>
> http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209&view=markup
>
> parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
> varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
>               ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
>               fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
> fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'



From lgoh at optonline.net  Wed Jul 19 19:31:33 2006
From: lgoh at optonline.net (leo)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 19:31:33 -0400
Subject: python compile code object -- reverse how to
References: <ntyvg.464$8F.378@fe09.lga>
Message-ID: <Xizvg.494$An.355@fe11.lga>

Hi, all,
i mean to convert
'c\000\000\000\000\001\000\000\000s\017\000\000\00
> 0\177\000\000\177\002\000d\000\000GHd\001\000S(\00
> 2\000\000\000s\005\000\000\000helloN(\000\000\000\
> 000(\000\000\000\000s\010\000\000\000<script>s\001'
to the orig script
""" print 'hello' """

Thanks

"leo" <lgoh at optonline.net> wrote in message 
news:ntyvg.464$8F.378 at fe09.lga...
> Hi,
> following is the python scripts:
> import marshal
> script = """
> print 'hello'
> """
> code = compile(script, "<script>", "exec")
> data = marshal.dumps(code)
> print repr(data)
> the result:'c\000\000\000\000\001\000\000\000s\017\000\000\00
> 0\177\000\000\177\002\000d\000\000GHd\001\000S(\00
> 2\000\000\000s\005\000\000\000helloN(\000\000\000\
> 000(\000\000\000\000s\010\000\000\000<script>s\001
> \000\000\000?\002\000s\000\000\000\000'how to convert the result code to 
> orig script """print 'hello'"""thanks
>
> 




From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Wed Jul 26 02:39:03 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:39:03 +1000
Subject: webbrowser  open failing
In-Reply-To: <574462266fc478d5f813d0ab5c53b894@eforms.co.nz>
References: <574462266fc478d5f813d0ab5c53b894@eforms.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1153895943.5003.7.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Wed, 2006-07-26 at 17:09 +1200, Thomas wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I am getting an error using webbrowser open on mac 10.3 using python  
> 2.3.5
> 
>  >>> test=open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
> test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
>  >>> type(test)
> <type 'file'>
>  >>> webbrowser.open("/Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT Hot Folder  
> test/Justin_Test.pDF","r")
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>    File  
> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
> python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 43, in open
>      get().open(url, new, autoraise)
>    File  
> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
> python2.3/webbrowser.py", line 314, in open
>      ic.launchurl(url)
>    File  
> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
> python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 235, in launchurl
>      return _dft_ic.launchurl(url, hint)
>    File  
> "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.3/lib/ 
> python2.3/plat-mac/ic.py", line 202, in launchurl
>      self.ic.ICLaunchURL(hint, url, 0, len(url))
> MacOS.Error: (-673, 'no URL found')

Try opening a file-type URL:

eg:
webbrowser.open("file://Volumes/TINTZ;P3/DT....")

No need for the 'r' argument to open.

Syntax is:

 webbrowser.open(url [, new])

If new is True a new browser window is opened.



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 10:57:07 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 07:57:07 -0700
Subject: Widestudio Users?
Message-ID: <1152889027.757428.95140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Just curious if anyone out there uses Python programming in the
Widestudio (http://www.widestudio.org) GUI IDE toolkit. I have looked
into it when running into some portability limitations trying certain
GUI tookits for Ruby, but couldn't get immersed into Widestudio. Since
I use Python as well I was wondering if Pythonistas have given this a
shot. Off hand the widgets look a bit old and ugly, but from a
portability and language support standpoint it has still been on my
radar.

This GUI IDE toolkit comes with support for Ruby, Python, Perl, and
other languages and looks like an effective catch-all, as its bundled
applications can run on Windows, Linux, Windows Mobile, Embedded Linux,
*BSD, Mac OS, etc. But it's primarily geared for a Japanese audience
from the looks of it. There are some books out there for it, but there
are all on Amazon.Com.Jp and don't have English translations available.

Anyone?



From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Sat Jul  1 04:56:45 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 10:56:45 +0200
Subject: Module executed twice when imported!
In-Reply-To: <michael-89DE1A.22250030062006@europe.isp.giganews.com>
References: <michael-3B486D.22521428062006@europe.isp.giganews.com>
	<1151534230.603274.144810@x69g2000cwx.googlegroups.com>
	<05epg.2385$No6.49436@news.tufts.edu>
	<michael-680C60.20324130062006@europe.isp.giganews.com>
	<e844h9$qkt$1@news.albasani.net>
	<michael-89DE1A.22250030062006@europe.isp.giganews.com>
Message-ID: <e85dcd$20a$1@news.albasani.net>

Michael Abbott wrote:
> In article <e844h9$qkt$1 at news.albasani.net>,
>  Georg Brandl <g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net> wrote:
>> That's because __name__ is normally set to the module's name in the package
>> hierarchy. When you set it to "some1.some2", Python thinks it's
>> in a subpackage
> 
> Ahhhh.
> 
> So what I *should* have set it to is the module name *without* 
> extension, i.e. __name__='imptest'
> 
> Thank you.  Now I think I understand it.

You're welcome. This is indeed not easy to look through.

Georg


From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Sun Jul  9 01:29:59 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 22:29:59 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
Message-ID: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Suppose a C extension locally built an array of PyObject* 's as
follows...

my_array = malloc(n * sizeof(PyObject*));
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       my_array[i] = PyList_New(0);
}

Q1: Must I do a Py_DECREF(my_array[i]) on all elements
      before exiting this C extension function? (What if
     the elements got used in other objects?)

Q2: Must I do free(my_array); at end of function??  What if
my_array[i]'s are
      used in other objects so that I can't necessarily just
      nuke it!!!

Chris



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 15:40:25 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 16:40:25 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<q5phc2de1fso7k8c7ueqtiib9asdft32lq@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <9a4x7nbsr1sa.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-27 14:15:34, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

>> In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. The name is
>> just a way for refering to a memory space which will hold something. 
>> 
> 	Except for one difference... In C (and most other languages) that
> memory space is FIXED -- name "X" ALWAYS refers to memory space "Y".

Not really fixed, at least not for local variables. They sit at variable
places, which can be (and usually are) different for every invocation of a
function. Maybe "stack-fixed"...

Not sure this is relevant, but I felt it needed to be said :)


> 	In Python, even the location of the "name" may vary -- if you "del
> name" then do some operations and rebind "name", the new "name" itself
> could be somewhere else in memory.

In this respect, a Python var is similar to a C pointer var. The same thing
you are describing here can be done with a C pointer. Allocate storage
("bind" it) and have a pointer referencing it. Do something with it.
Deallocate it ("del it"). Allocate other storage and have the same pointer
referencing it ("rebind it"). The referenced area is somewhere else now
(usually). 

Gerhard



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Sun Jul 30 13:21:09 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 10:21:09 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <44ca4465$0$20963$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca4465$0$20963$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154280069.825257.83170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote:
> alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> > Rob Williscroft wrote:
> >
> >> If this is more than idle curiosity I strongly suggest you post
> >> a version of the python code you need to translate to C++.
> >
> > For the moment this is just healthy curiosity but i will still post the
> > code i would like to see translated:
> >
> > class Parent:
> > 	count=0
> > 	def __init__(self):
> > 		self.__class__.count +=1
> > 	@classmethod
> > 	def getcount(cls):
> > 		return cls.count
> >
> > class Child(Parent):
> > 	count=0 # replace this line by a 'pass'  statement if you don't want
> > to reinitialise the count
> >
> > a=Parent()
> > b=Parent()
> > print Parent.getcount()  # you get 2
> > c=Child()
> > d=Child()
> > e=Child()
> > print Child.getcount() # you get 3 (you could get 5 if you don't
> > reinitialise the count)
> >
> > This is as simple as it can get. I just derive from Parent and i get my
> > proper count (added to my parent's if i wish so).
> > I wish i could achieve such a code purity in C++.
>
> Well, I hope you understand that this code "purity" is possible only
> because of the *dynamic* lookup of the variable name ... Thus, the same
> function, once compiled, will be able to determine, at runtime, where
> the current variable lies ... At the same time, tries, in Python, to
> achieve the count of *all* the instances of a class, meaning that you want :
>
> a = Parent()
> b = Child()
> c = Parent()
> d = Child()
> print Child.getcount() # 2
> print Parent.getcount() # 4
>
> That time, the automatic name lookup will come in the way as you cannot
> have two "count" variables accessible from the same class.
> For C++ the problem is inverse, you have a way to obtain the second
> thing (using templates or macro), but the first is harder.
>
> Pierre
>
> PS: here is my solution in C++
>
>
> #include <iostream>
> using namespace std;
>
> template <class T>
> struct Counted
> {
>   Counted() { ++count; }
>   Counted( Counted const& ) { ++count; }
>   virtual ~Counted() { --count; }
>   static size_t getCount() { return count; }
> protected:
>   static size_t count;
> };
>
> template <class T>
> size_t Counted<T>::count = 0;
>
> struct cA : public Counted<cA>
> {
>   int a;
> };
>
> struct cB : public Counted<cB>, public cA
> {
>   // Needed to be sure of which getCount is called in cB
>   using Counted<cB>::getCount;
> };
>
> int main()
> {
>   cA a,b,c;
>   cB d,e,f;
>   a.a = 1;
>   b.a = 1;
>   c.a = 1;
>   d.a = 1;
>   e.a = 1;
>   f.a = 1;
>     {
>     cA g;
>     g.a = 1;
>     cout << "#cA = " << cA::getCount() << endl; // 7
>     cout << "#cB = " << cB::getCount() << endl; // 3
>     }
>   cout << "#cA = " << cA::getCount() << endl; // 6
>   cout << "#cB = " << cB::getCount() << endl; // 3
>   return 0;
> }

I thank you for your response. The equivalent of your solution is
posted hereunder:
class cA(object):
        count=0
        def __init__(self):
                self.__class__.count +=1
        @classmethod
        def getcount(cls):
                return cls.count
	def __del__(self):
		self.__class__.count -=1
class cB(cA):
        count=0
        def __init__(self):
		super(cB,self).__init__()
		for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
			klass.count +=1

a=cA() ; b=cA(); c= cA()
d=cB() ; e=cB(); f= cB()
a.a=1;b.a=1;c.a=1;d.a=1;e.a=1;f.a=1
g=cA()
g.a=1
print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 7
print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
del g
print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 6
print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3

There is nothing impossible in Python ;-)

Alain



From chema.rey at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 10:48:56 2006
From: chema.rey at gmail.com (Chema)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 07:48:56 -0700
Subject: Connecting to internet under proxy
Message-ID: <1153752536.536091.36420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi all.

   I have a little script to connect to the internet and download some
files. I developed it in my house (direct connection) and it wordked
properly. But the problem is that in the office (under a proxy) it
doesn't run. My script is like:

import urllib
f=urllib.urlopen(SOME_WEB)
print f.read

I have tried to set the environmet variable
http_proxy="192.168.1.100:2929" and also:

import urllib
proxy={'http','http://192.168.1.100:2929'} and using
f=urllib.urlopen(SOME_WEB, proxy)
print f.read

the error was always the same:

(11001, 'getaddrinfo failed')


Any idea?? The proxy that we use is normally, in some programs I use a
tipical http proxy without authentification without problem.

Thanks in advanced.

Bye



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Fri Jul 21 16:11:09 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:11:09 -0700
Subject: Note on PEP 299
In-Reply-To: <1153494022.385234.44430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153408904.879310.139640@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153494022.385234.44430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153512669.674011.181450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Faulkner:
> http://home.comcast.net/~faulkner612/programming/python/mainer.py

It's a bit of magic, I'll test it more, but it seems to work binding
the main() with Psyco too.
I have changed it a little (removed argv passed to the main and the
import of type, etc).
I don't know if/when I'll use it, but it seems nice enough.

Bye,
thank you,
bearophile



From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Wed Jul 19 18:30:04 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 22:30:04 +0000
Subject: threading._start_new_thread executes twice?
Message-ID: <d77b42b30607191530g2ff6f840r7626a5824639a4a7@mail.gmail.com>

I'm got a script which has a function with a while 1: loop that seems to
execute the line it's doing twice instead of just once on each pass when
called in a thread...

#Script Start
import threading,time,cherrypy

def func():
    while 1:
        print time.ctime()
        time.sleep(30)


threading._start_new_thread( func,() )


class somename():
    def index(self):
        test="this is a test"
        return test
    index.exposed=True

cherrypy.root=somename()
cherrypy.config.update( file = cherrypy.conf )
cherrypy.server.start()

#end of script

(The contents of the cherrypy.conf is below: )

[global]
server.socketPort=8080
server.environment="development"
server.threadpool = 10

The output on the console is at follows

Wed Jul 19 23:25:34 2006
Wed Jul 19 23:25:34 2006
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO Server parameters:
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.environment: development
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.logToScreen: True
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.logFile:
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.protocolVersion: HTTP/1.0
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.socketHost:
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.socketPort: 8080
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.socketFile:
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.reverseDNS: False
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.socketQueueSize: 5
2006/07/19 23:25:34 CONFIG INFO   server.threadPool: 0
2006/07/19 23:25:34 HTTP INFO Serving HTTP on http://localhost:8080/
Wed Jul 19 23:26:04 2006
Wed Jul 19 23:26:04 2006
Wed Jul 19 23:26:34 2006
Wed Jul 19 23:26:34 2006

If I just replace the threading._start_new_thread line with

func()
func()
func()

then the time is output only once every thrity seconds, so it seems that
threading._start_new_thread is calling func() twice initially?

Why is func() executing twice when called from the thread?
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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 13:23:55 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:23:55 +0200
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ae98ac$0$5713$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Thomas Nelson wrote:
> I have this code:
> type1 = [0]
> type2 = [0]
> type3 = [0]
> map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}  

Warning : you're shadowing the builtin map() function.

> # the real map is
> longer than this
> 
> def increment(value):
> 	map[value][0] += 1
> 
> increment(1)
> increment(1)
> increment(0)
> increment(4)
> #increment will actually be called many times through other functions
> print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]
> #should print "3 1 0"
> 
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.

Not really.

>  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?


# first replace the list hack
class Counter(object):
    def __init__(self, name, *keys):
        self.name = name
        self.keys = keys
        self.count = 0

    def inc(self):
        self.count += 1

# now wrap the whole thing in a convenient way
class Counters(object):
    def __init__(self, *counters):
        self._counters = dict()
        self._counters_map = dict()
        for counter in counters:
            assert counter.name not in self._counters
            self._counters[counter.name] = counter
            for key in counter.keys:
                assert key not in self._counters_map
                self._counters_map[key] = counter

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self._counters[name].count

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._counters_map[key].count

    def __call__(self, key):
        self._counters_map[key].inc()

# and finally, let's use it:
increment = Counters(Counter("type1", 0, 1, 3),
                     Counter("type2", 4),
                     Counter("type3", 2)
                     )

increment(1)
increment(1)
increment(0)
increment(4)

print increment.type1, increment.type2, increment.type3


HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 28 06:13:45 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 12:13:45 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <44c9e359$0$30123$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> Steve Jobless wrote:
>>> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
>>>
>>>> Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
>>>>
>>>>> The first case can be just a typo, like:
>>>>>
>>>>>  x.valeu = 5
>>>>>
>>>>> I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
>>>>> would be unreadable :).
>>>> Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
>>>> errors can be trained.
>>>
>>> I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
>>> like this? (No, not really. But...)
>> There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
>> said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
>> is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
>> caught almost immediatly.
> 
> I hope you are right. But I have yet to see the proof. Just empirical arguments.

Well, I'm only talking about my own experience here - I do not pretend
to prove anything.

>>>>> The second case can be like:
>>>>>
>>>>>  x.next = y
>>>>>  y.next = None
>>>>>
>>>>> to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
>>>>> overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
>>>> You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
>>>> checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
>>>> everything in life.
>>>
>>> Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
>>> decent Python knowledge would do that.
>>> But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
>>> anyone using name xxx?"
>> assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject)
>>
>>> The class may be used by  developers I don't
>>> even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...
>> How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given
>> app doesn't impact the source code.
> 
> Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers
> to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it.

No, you can't.

> Even if they do, just
> updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but
> you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's
> their fault.

If they monkeypatch my code, they are of course responsible for what may
happen then. And FWIW, I don't have to "diagnose their problem". Let's
put it the other way : I'm the one monkeypatching some 3rd part lib, and
following an update, it happens that my monkeypatch now breaks the lib.
I *know* I monkeypatched it, so my first take will be to inspect this
part.

> It's not a good idea to call them "idiots." 

No 'idiocy' here, just willingness to assume one's own responsabilities.

> This may be an
> extreme case, but it could happen within a single organization. You may
> be in the framework group supporting several application groups.
> 
>>>>> If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
>>>>> someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
>>>>> horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
>>>>> with.
>>>> Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
>>>> writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
>>>> People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.
>>>
>>> I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
>>> another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...
>> If your boss is a bad programmer and doesn't know it, then you're in for
>> trouble whatever the language.
>>
>>> Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:
>>>
>>> What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
>>> (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
>>> have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
>>> But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
>>> or over-ride functions.
>> Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose
>> you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes
>> are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for
>> this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and
>> maintaining your own branch.
>>
> 
> <IMHO>
> 
> Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know
> what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not)
> know how it does (implementation).

Depends on what you're doing, but globally agreed.

> This is important because the class
> implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking
> users' code as long as the interface is compatible.

Yes.

> (This is why most,
> if not all, instance variables should be private.

No. Well, not exactly !-)

Attributes (instance or class, callable or not) that are implementation
should be marked as such, attributes (idem) that makes the API should be
marked as such. Any name starting with an underscore is implementation,
any name starting with a letter is API.

> You can use
> __getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to
> customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of
> the base class.

Yes, of course. When it's possible. Sometimes it's not.

> You better not mess with it from the outside because
> updating the class can break your code. 

Indeed. But what's better : being able to have a working app at the risk
of breaking something, or not being able to have a working app at all ?

> Unfortunately, I don't see a way
> to separate interface from implementation in Python.

Really ?

> So, it may not make
> much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside.

Yes it makes a difference - and of course the preferred way to extend a
class is either to subclass it or to use composition/delegation. But
having the possibility to monkeypatch a module/class/object can really
be a life-saver. Also, the designer of a class / module / package /
framework/etc..  can not reasonnably hope to foresee any possible
*legitimate* use case, and so can choose to not expose features that
could (and perhaps should) be part of the API. Of course the right thing
to do in this case is to get in touch with the designer and ask him if
it could be possible to make this part public somehow - but this can
take some time, and here again, having the possibility to access
implementation can be a life-saver. And finally, there's the obvious
case of a bug in the 3rd part code - which can be solved by
monkeypatching too, until the patch has been submitted and accepted and
the patched version released...

> Python has some good features. The memory management using reference
> counting with garbage collection is very attractive. It can even do
> delegation! Unfortunately, it seems to be taking unnecessary risk. I was
> hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety,

As you said, this may be cultural !-). When I first learned Python,
coming from Java, I really felt the freedom and flexibility of Python as
pure madness and certainly not how it should be done. About 7 years
later, my experience is that nothing of what I was afraid of happened.
You're talking about "unnecessary risk" and "sacrifice the safety", but
IMHO it's mostly "irrational fear". Don't take it bad - it's pretty
normal to be afraid of what breaks our *feeling* of safety. But truth is
that there's no objective evidence of all the bondage part of Java and
friends leading to less buggy software. OTHO, there is a clear evidence
that Python's model just works.

> but
> I don't hear much. It looks pretty good as long as it is used by a small
> group, especially for a small project. (Or Python is meant just for such
> projects?)

Ask peoples at google. Ask all people using Zope (which is certainly not
a 'small project used by a small group'). I think there are enough
counter-examples around. OTOH, it also happens that what would be a
large project with most mainstream languages frequently turns into a
medium project in Python.

FWIW, C is famous for its lack of security, and the consequences can be
very very very much worst than a simple runtime error... This doesn't
prevent C from being the base building block of most if not all systems
in the world.

> But I don't feel comfortable enough for a large project that
> involves multiple groups including 3rd parties in a long duration. I
> just wish those "features" would be removed or at least made optional.

You can obviously add your own safety-belts to the language. MHO is that
it's completely counter-productive and a definitive waste of time, but
YMMV.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 07:11:17 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:11:17 +0200
Subject: help in xml and python
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e959p8$tk7$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Kirt" wrote:

>i have a List
>
> modifiedfiles= [['/home/moq/buc/2/mod2.py', '200607131001'],
> ['/home/moq/buc/1/mod2.py', '200607131000'],
> ['/home/moq/buc/1/mod3.py', '200607131001'],
> ['/home/moq/buc/1+mod1.py', '200607131001']]
>
> i have to put them in am xml format like the follg.

not very long ago, "Kepioo" wrote:

> what i want to do :
>
> i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> key3,value]], value]
>
> example :
> [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
>  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
>  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
>
>   the [XML] tree i want in the end would be :

which looks rather similar to your post, don't you think?  check that thread
for some ideas:

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/c3b3b6cf3613d7b3

</F> 





From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 24 16:41:54 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 22:41:54 +0200
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c52ed7$0$18927$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Michael Yanowitz a ?crit :
> Hello:
> 
>    Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
> is I can't have a
>   def func1 (int1, string1):
>    and a 
>   def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>     without the second func1 overwriting the first.

You may want to have a look at Philip Eby's dispatch package. Here's an 
introduction:
http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/VisitorRevisited

>    However, operators can be overloaded.
>    So can I define a new operator? 

No.



From frank at frankritchie.com  Mon Jul 17 19:59:46 2006
From: frank at frankritchie.com (spec)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:59:46 -0700
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
In-Reply-To: <1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks, actually there are no args, is there something even simpler?

Thanks
Frank


Thomas Nelson wrote:
> If your script is foo.sh and takes args:
> import subprocess
> subprocess.call(["foo.sh","args"],shell=True)
> Should work fine.  check out
> http://www.python.org/dev/doc/maint24/lib/module-subprocess.html
>
> Enjoy,
> THN
>
> spec wrote:
> > Hi all, I know nothing about Python. What I need to do is to get a
> > Python script to execute a local shell script. I do not need any
> > output. What would be th eeasiest way to accomplish this?
> > 
> > Thanks!



From atanasy at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 02:08:01 2006
From: atanasy at gmail.com (atanas Cosmas Nkelame)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:08:01 +0300
Subject: Writting to file from file and printing using python
Message-ID: <cda778180607272308m664cf105ybdd67f77b7f3de23@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,
I have  a task to write a program that will do the following.

1. Run from the command line
2. Get data from a text file (say data.txt) in the following format

  111:      peter                  edward          peter at yahoo.com
  112:      John                  sykes            john at yahoo.com
  113:     edward                mutaga         edward at yahoo.com

3. Write that data in a prepared word document (which is essentially a
letter)

4. Print the letters for the listed people (111,112,113) on a printer.

The program has to be called like this

c:/program/callprogram   inputfile.txt   c:/program/data/outputfile.doc

Someone has done this in VB.Net but I would like to do it in python.

Can someone advice on the best way to start.


atanas

atanas
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From pink at odahoda.de  Fri Jul 14 12:55:44 2006
From: pink at odahoda.de (Benjamin Niemann)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:55:44 +0200
Subject: time.clock()
References: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
Message-ID: <e98iah$krh$1@online.de>

Tobiah wrote:

> The manual says:
> 
> On Unix, return the current processor time as a
> floating point number expressed in seconds.
> 
> So I ran this program:
> 
> #!/usr/bin/python
> 
> import time
> 
> while 1:
>         print time.clock()
> 
> 
> 
> This gave me a stream of floats, the integer part of which
> only updated about every three seconds.  Now, the manual
> also states:
> 
> The precision, and in fact the very definition of the meaning
> of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C function of the same name
> 
> So I "man 3 clock" and notice:
> 
> The value returned is the CPU time used so far as a clock_t; to get  the 
> number
>        of  seconds  used,  divide by CLOCKS_PER_SEC.
> 
> So, I'm wondering how to get that value from python.  All I
> really want to do is know current time relative to a given
> point so that I can capture MIDI events, and store the time
> at which they arrive.  Am I barking up the wrong tree?

What you want sound like the 'wall clock' time. The CPU time is the time
that the CPU spent on executing your process. And unless the process uses
100% of the CPU, CPU time will appear to be 'slower' than the wall clock.
In your little program above the CPU spent about one third of the time on
this process and the rest is used for other processes (e.g. updating the
display).

What you need is time.time(), if its precision is sufficient.

-- 
Benjamin Niemann
Email: pink at odahoda dot de
WWW: http://pink.odahoda.de/


From chan.neo at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:46:20 2006
From: chan.neo at gmail.com (Netkiller)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:46:20 -0700
Subject: my newsgroup base database. (test)
In-Reply-To: <1151995456.169775.106990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151995456.169775.106990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151995580.254033.47140@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Netkiller ???

> #!/usr/bin/python
> # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
> """
> Project: Network News Transport Protocol Server Program
> Description:
> ????????????BBS????NNTP???????


import sys,re
import MySQLdb

class NewsDB:
    conn = None
    cursor = None
    def connect(self):
        try:
            conn = MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost",
                               user = "root",
                               passwd = "chen",
                               db = "usenet")
        except MySQLdb.Error, e:
            print "Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])
            sys.exit (1)
    def fetchone(self,sql):
        self.connect()
        self.cursor = conn.cursor ()
        self.cursor.execute (sql)
        row = self.cursor.fetchone ()
        #print "server version:", row[0]
        self.close()
        return row
    def fetchall(self):
        self.connect()
        self.cursor = conn.cursor ()
        self.cursor.execute (sql)
        all = self.cursor.fetchall ()
        #print "server version:", row[0]
        self.close()
        return all
    def close(self):
        self.cursor.close ()
        self.conn.close()
class abstract:
    subject = None
    mail_from = None
    rcpt_to = None
    data = None

    group = ""

    grouplist = (
        ("cn.comp.linux", 5, 2, "y"),
        ("cn.comp.freebsd", 3, 2, "y"),
        ("cn.comp.dos", 10, 4, "y"),
        ("cn.test", 5, 2, "y"),
        ("comp.lang.python", 5, 2, "y")
        )
    def welcome(self):
        return 'Welcome'
    def list (self):
        lists = []
        for name, last, first, mode in self.grouplist:
            lists.append(name+ " " + str(last) + " " + str(first) +" "+
mode)
        return lists
    def group(self,groupname):
        group_rang = ""
        for name, last, first, mode in self.grouplist:
            if name == groupname:
                group_rang = str(last - first)+" "+ str(first)+"
"+str(last)
                break
        return group_rang
    def xover(self,first,last):
        xover_tmp = []
        xover_tmp.append("""2       Mozilla programmer needed for
children's learning program       "John Fodor, PhD" <fodor at ilt-inc.com>
  Mon, 23 Jan 2006 12:01:09 -0500
<mailman.349.1138141614.8933.jobs at lists.mozilla.org>            10532
276     Xref: number1.nntp.dca.giganews.com mozilla.jobs:2""")
        xover_tmp.append("""3       mozilla expert needed   "Paul
Sponagl" <sponagl at 7val.com>       Tue, 7 Mar 2006 20:00:52 +0100
<mailman.1692.1141758057.18700.jobs at lists.mozilla.org>        2913
41      Xref: number1.nntp.dca.giganews.com mozilla.jobs:10""")
        return xover_tmp
    def head(self):
        self.xover(first,last)
    def xhdr(self,first,last):
        xover_tmp = []
        xover_tmp.append('1       HI              "NNTP.HK"
<admin at nntp.hk>               14 Jun 2006 14:43:05 +0800
<448faff9$1 at news.nntp.hk>               1151    31      Xref:
news.nntp.hk vip.cicefans:1\r\n')
        return xover_tmp
    def newgroups(self,data,time,gmt):
        lists = []
        lists.append("cn.test.os")
        lists.append("cn.test.qa")
        return lists

class Messages(abstract):
    banner = '200 \"Welcome to Netkiler News server\"\r\n'
    conn= None
    def __init__(self):

#self.db=_mysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="chen",db="usenet")

self.conn=MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="chen",db="usenet")
    def list (self):
        sql = """SELECT id,`group`,(select max(Number) from article) as
last, (select min(Number) from article) as first, p FROM list"""
        #print sql
        self.conn.query(sql)
        result=self.conn.use_result()
        group = []
        for id, name, last, first, mode, in result.fetch_row(10):
            group.append(name+ " " + str(last) + " " + str(first) +" "+
mode)
        return group
    def group(self,newsgroup):
        sql = "SELECT `group`,(select count(Number) from article) as
number, (select max(Number) from article) as last, (select min(Number)
from article) as first FROM list where `group` = '%s' limit 1" %
(newsgroup)
        #print sql
        self.conn.query(sql)
        result=self.conn.use_result()
        #print result.fetch_row();
        for name, number, last, first in result.fetch_row():
            return (str(number),str(first),str(last),name)
    def xover(self,first,last):
        sql = "select * from article where Number BETWEEN %s AND %s" %
(first,last)
        #print sql
        cursor =self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql)
        xovers = []
        for Number, MessageID, Body, Date in cursor.fetchall():
            parse = self.parseArticle(Body)
            if 'Xref' in set(parse):
                xref = '\t'+parse['Xref']
            else:
                xref = ''
            if 'Lines' in set(parse):
                lines = '\t'+parse['Lines']
            else:
                lines = ''

xovers.append(str(Number)+'\t'+parse['Subject']+'\t'+parse['From']+'\t'+parse['Date']+'\t<3dc0af03 at netkiller.hikz.com>\t'+str(len(Body))+'\t'+lines+xref)
        cursor.close ()
        return xovers
    def post(self,text):
        sql = "insert into article(body, `date`) values('%s',now())" %
(text)
        #print sql
        cursor =self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql)
        self.conn.commit()
        cursor.close ()
        #self.conn.close ()
        #print "%d rows were updated" % cursor.rowcount
        return cursor.rowcount
    def article(self,id):
        sql = "select * from article where Number='%s'" % (id)
        #print sql
        cursor =self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql)
        #print cursor.fetchone();
        row = cursor.fetchone()
#        for Number, MessageID, Message, Date in cursor.fetchone():
#            cursor.close ()
        return row[2]
    def head(self,id):
        sql = "select * from article where Number='%s'" % (id)
        #print sql
        cursor =self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql)
        #print cursor.fetchone();
        row = cursor.fetchone()
#        for Number, MessageID, Message, Date in cursor.fetchone():
#            cursor.close ()
        return row[2]
    def body(self,id):
        sql = "select * from article where Number='%s'" % (id)
        #print sql
        cursor =self.conn.cursor()
        cursor.execute(sql)
        #print cursor.fetchone();
        row = cursor.fetchone()
#        for Number, MessageID, Message, Date in cursor.fetchone():
#            cursor.close ()
        return row[2]
    def parseArticle(self,data):
        """
        From: "NEO" <openunix at 163.com>
        Newsgroups: cn.test
        Subject: test
        Date: Fri, 30 Jun 2006 17:14:17 +0800
        Lines: 3
        X-Priority: 3
        X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
        X-Newsreader: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2900.2180
        X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2180
        X-RFC2646: Format=Flowed; Original
        """
        #[a-zA-z0-9]+@[a-zA-z0-9]+.[a-zA-z]+
        matchs = (
            ('From', r'From: (.+ <.+>)\r\n'),
            ('Newsgroups', r'Newsgroups: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('Subject', r'Subject: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('Date', r'Date: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('Lines', r'Lines: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('X-Priority', r'X-Priority: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('X-MSMail-Priority', r'X-MSMail-Priority: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('X-Newsreader', r'X-Newsreader: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('X-MimeOLE', r'X-MimeOLE: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('X-RFC2646', r'X-RFC2646: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('MIME-Version', r'MIME-Version: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('User-Agent', r'User-Agent: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('Content-Type', r'Content-Type: (.+)\r\n'),
            ('Content-Transfer-Encoding', r'Content-Transfer-Encoding:
(.+)\r\n'),
            ('Xref', r'Xref: (.+)\r\n'),

            ('Body', r'\r\n\r\n(.+)\r\n')
        )
        parse = {}
        for head, value in matchs:
            digs = re.compile(value,re.IGNORECASE)
            for test in digs.findall(data):
                parse[head] = test
        return parse
def main():
    test = Messages()
    #print msg.banner
    #print test.list()
    #print test.group('cn.test')
    print test.xover('25', '50')
    #nntp.post('test')
    #delete from article;
    #text = test.article('25')
    #print repr(text)
    #print '---------------------'
    #print test.parseArticle(text)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:24:10 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:24:10 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Darren New schrieb:
> > As far as I understand it, Eiffel compilers don't even make use of
> > postconditions to optimize code or eliminate run-time checks (like null
> > pointer testing).
>
> That's correct.
>
> I think a large part of the reasons why this isn't done is that Eiffel's
> semantics is (a) too complicated (it's an imperative language after
> all), and (b) not formalized, which makes it difficult to assess what
> optimizations are safe and what aren't.

I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?


Marshall



From zetalimit at charter.net  Sun Jul 23 19:13:20 2006
From: zetalimit at charter.net (switzerland qunatium computer)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 16:13:20 -0700
Subject: MULTI-DIMENTIONAL CHESS DOWNLOAD FROM DEEP SPACE
Message-ID: <1153696400.215202.299570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

MULTI-DIMENTIONAL CHESS DOWNLOAD FROM DEEP SPACE
HTTP://WWW.BEYOND-SCIENCE.COM



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:52:24 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:52:24 -0300
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ea3046$9vg$1@eeyore.INS.cwru.edu>
Message-ID: <1rh18pyczr0z7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 14:30:31, Brian Beck wrote:

> Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>>    Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
>> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
>> is I can't have a
>>   def func1 (int1, string1):
>>    and a
>>   def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>>     without the second func1 overwriting the first.
> 
> Correct.

Can you write a function that accepts any number of arguments? And then
branch based on the number of arguments supplied?

I guess you can do that with a list as only argument. But can that be done
using the "normal" function argument notation?

Gerhard



From mclaugb at nospm.yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 13:33:06 2006
From: mclaugb at nospm.yahoo.com (mclaugb)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:33:06 +0100
Subject: activestate vs enpython
References: <e98jnv$cvh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8180.1152898155.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e98kgm$ej9$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Um, i didnt see at the "more information" link whether "numpy,
numarray, matplotlib, scipy, and scientific python" was included .

"Fredrik Lundh" <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote in message 
news:mailman.8180.1152898155.27775.python-list at python.org...
> mclaugb wrote:
>
>> does anyone know if the activestate distribution has all of the numpy, 
>> numarray, matplotlib, scipy, and scientific python?  their website does 
>> not say what it includes.
>
> http://www.activestate.com/Products/ActivePython/more_information.plex
>
> </F>
> 




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 10:55:25 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:55:25 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <e932gr$65r$1@sea.gmane.org>

Stefan Behnel wrote:

> The list above is not a valid Python list.

there's no Python 1.5.3 either.  maybe he's posting from a parallel, 
slightly different universe ?

</F>



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 17:19:00 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 14:19:00 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8093.1152734673.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8086.1152724589.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8093.1152734673.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152739140.390174.208770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Skip,
I agree. Some kind of a manifest or log file would be great and
probably not that hard to implement.
Nick


skip at pobox.com wrote:
> Nick> Uninstall support is hard, you would turn distutils (setup.py)
>     Nick> into a package management system, but wait...!  there are already
>     Nick> package managers that do exactly that (rpm, deb, Windows
>     Nick> Installer).
>
> Note that I don't really care about uninstall support, certainly not enough
> to go through the pain of editing distutils.  I'd be happy if the installer
> wrote a MANIFEST file that tells me what files and directories it did
> install.  I'm not as worried about dependencies or overlaps between packages
> as much as making sure that when I want to get rid of package X I can
> actually delete all of its files.  I also realize that's not truly package
> management in the rpm/deb sense, but that would be good enough for me.
>
> My message was simply pointing out that telling people "use RPM or DEB" is
> not really acceptable.  Not everyone uses Linux.  Or Windows.  Or Macs.
> Python is a cross-platform language.  Through distutils it includes a basic
> cross-platform installation facility.  It probably ought to also have a
> corresponding basic cross-platform uninstall facility.
> 
> Skip



From MyInfoStation at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:12:20 2006
From: MyInfoStation at gmail.com (MyInfoStation at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 13:12:20 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
Message-ID: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I am a newbie to Python and would like to genereate some numbers
according to geometric distribution. However, the Python Random package
seems do not have implemented functionality. I am wondering is there
exist any other libraries that can do this job? 

Thanks a lot,

Da



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:54:29 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:54:29 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8086.1152724589.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Skip,

Uninstall support is hard, you would turn distutils (setup.py) into a
package management system, but wait...!  there are already package
managers that do exactly that (rpm, deb, Windows Installer).

If no distro installer package is available for your Python module --
build it yourself and when done share with others, you are probably
already using a lot of stuff created by others, so if you see something
missing, add it, and give back to the community.

Or you could just use the package folder locally in your project to
begin with and never bother with a system-wide install. In general, for
a 'clean' system try not to use multiple installers or incompatible
package managers to put stuff in your system directories -- it will
create a mess over time.

I use Ubuntu, and so far I was able to find all the Python modules I
need as an installable .deb file, that is why I suggested Linux.
Actually as far as I am  concerned, having all your modules, IDEs, and
libraries available in a nicely organized repository, available at the
touch of an 'agt-get'  command is a pretty good reason to switch.

Nick V.


skip at pobox.com wrote:
> >> As a rule, if you use a Linux distribution, you should just install
>     >> the package and then remove the package using the package manager.
>
>     Grant> That's fine except a lot of python packages aren't available in
>     Grant> any of the various Linux distro package formats.
>
> And one or two people don't use Linux yet.
> 
> Uninstall support would be a good idea...
> 
> Skip



From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 13 11:09:14 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 08:09:14 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hidtys.1uwjmjo1dha634N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.8121.1152798857.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hiemj1.1l3s2lvby57imN%aleax@mac.com>

Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:

> On 2006-07-13 01:50:18, Alex Martelli wrote:
> 
> >> I'm not sure about which languages you are talking (pretty much all that
> >> allow public methods also allow public attributes), [...]
> > 
> > Smalltalk is a very well known object-oriented language that behaves
> > otherwise, just as one example.
> 
> I didn't know that Smalltalk allows any methods at all... I wrote about
> languages that allow public methods, and I didn't think of Smalltalk
> falling into that category.

???  Smalltalk ONLY has methods -- no other "functions" or "procedures",
ONLY "methods".  The one and only way you interact with an object is by
sending it a message to invoke a method -- that's what's known in most
other languages as "calling a method" (or "calling a function").  And
there is no such thing as a "nonpublic" method either, AFAIK (my
Smalltalk may be rusty, but there surely weren't in the Smalltalk I
learned years ago).


Alex


From fonnesbeck at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 14:02:39 2006
From: fonnesbeck at gmail.com (Chris Fonnesbeck)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:02:39 -0400
Subject: unittest ValueError
Message-ID: <723eb6930607241102k788f0f21s6cee9256704f7b93@mail.gmail.com>

I have built the following unit test, observing the examples laid out
in the python docs:

class testMCMC(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        # Create an instance of the sampler
        self.sampler = DisasterSampler()

    def testCoalMiningDisasters(self):
        """Run coal mining disasters example sampler"""

        print 'Running coal mining disasters test case ...'

        # Specify the nimber of iterations to execute
        iterations = 10000
        thin = 2
        burn = 5000
        chains = 2

        # Run MCMC simulation
        for i in range(chains):

            self.failUnless(self.sampler.sample(iterations, burn=burn,
thin=thin, plot=True))

            # Run convergence diagnostics
            self.sampler.convergence()

            # Plot autocorrelation
            self.sampler.autocorrelation()

        # Goodness of fit
        self.failIf(self.sampler.goodness(iterations/10)['overall'] < 0.05)


def test():
    # Run unit tests
    unittest.main()

However, when I run test() from the python shell, it dies:

In [2]: test()

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 0 tests in 0.000s

OK
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
exceptions.SystemExit                                Traceback (most
recent call last)

/Users/chris/<ipython console>

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PyMC/MCMC.py
in test()
   2986
   2987 def test():
   2988     # Run unit tests
-> 2989     unittest.main()
        global unittest.main = <class 'unittest.TestProgram'>
   2990

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
in __init__(self=<unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>,
module='__main__', defaultTest=None, argv=['/usr/local/bin/ipython'],
testRunner=None, testLoader=<unittest.TestLoader object at 0x5feb30>)
    757         self.progName = os.path.basename(argv[0])
    758         self.parseArgs(argv)
--> 759         self.runTests()
        self.runTests = <bound method TestProgram.runTests of
<unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>>
    760
    761     def usageExit(self, msg=None):

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
in runTests(self=<unittest.TestProgram object at 0x10e6c10>)
    795             self.testRunner = TextTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
    796         result = self.testRunner.run(self.test)
--> 797         sys.exit(not result.wasSuccessful())
        global sys.exit = <built-in function exit>
        result.wasSuccessful = <bound method
_TextTestResult.wasSuccessful of <unittest._TextTestResult run=0
errors=0 failures=0>>
    798
    799 main = TestProgram

SystemExit: False
Type exit or quit to exit IPython (%Exit or %Quit do so unconditionally).

In [3]: from PyMC import testMCMC

In [4]: foo = testMCMC()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
exceptions.ValueError                                Traceback (most
recent call last)

/Users/chris/<ipython console>

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/unittest.py
in __init__(self=<PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC testMethod=runTest>,
methodName='runTest')
    206             self.__testMethodDoc = testMethod.__doc__
    207         except AttributeError:
--> 208             raise ValueError, "no such test method in %s: %s" % \
        global ValueError = undefined
        self.__class__ = <class 'PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC'>
        methodName = 'runTest'
    209                   (self.__class__, methodName)
    210

ValueError: no such test method in <class 'PyMC.MCMC.testMCMC'>: runTest


I have no idea why this is happening. My TestCase class begins with
"test", the method begins with "test", yet no tests are seen. Also, I
do not get the runTest ValueError. I assumed that you get this method
for free win TestCase. The examples certainly do not have this method,
so I am not sure what the problem is.

Thanks for any help,
-- 
Chris Fonnesbeck + Atlanta, GA + http://trichech.us


From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 17:58:31 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 15:58:31 -0600
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <U_adnbDsyv6bRDPZnZ2dnUVZ_s6dnZ2d@comcast.com>

Jim wrote:
> Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> strings?
> 
> I'm thinking of
>   'a b c "d e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d e']
> .  I'd also like
>   'a b c "d \" e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d " e']
> which omits any s.split('"')-based construct that I could come up with.

 >>> import shlex
 >>> shlex.split('a b c "d e"')
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd e']
 >>> shlex.split(r'a b c "d \" e"')
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd " e']

Note that I had to use a raw string in the latter case because otherwise 
there's no real backslash in the string::

 >>> 'a b c "d \" e"'
'a b c "d " e"'
 >>> r'a b c "d \" e"'
'a b c "d \\" e"'

STeVe


From rays at blue-cove.com  Mon Jul 24 14:55:35 2006
From: rays at blue-cove.com (Ray Schumacher)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:55:35 -0700
Subject: Python and real-time OS timing/task communication?
Message-ID: <6.2.3.4.2.20060724112919.058b6c68@blue-cove.com>

Has anyone used Python and a hard real-time OS/patch to schedule timed events?
We have started in on Debian and RTAI, and may be using LXRT.
(I've been reading http://people.mech.kuleuven.be/~psoetens/lxrt/portingtolxrt.html)
I was envisioning that we really only need a separate RT-process in C using RDTSC or ACPI clocking that can get its control messages from non-RT Python every 50ms or so, to toggle pins on parport0.
Any pointers, examples, etc for communicating from Python to an RT task?

Thanks,
Ray



From jjl at pobox.com  Tue Jul 25 14:28:38 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 19:28:38 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <u4px5bktl.fsf@pobox.com>

"Ray" <ray_usenet at yahoo.com> writes:

> I just moved to another company that's mainly a Java/.NET shop. I was
> happy to find out that there's a movement from the grassroot to try to
> convince the boss to use a dynamic language for our development!
> 
> Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
> Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
> Django, they went like, "what's that?".
> 
> I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".
> 
> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
[...]

It's the herding instinct.  Hard to argue with that mindset.


John



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul  7 17:08:45 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 23:08:45 +0200
Subject: template is calling 2 times
In-Reply-To: <1152294998.381582.289650@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152294998.381582.289650@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aecc22$0$31644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

sanjeevdivekar a ?crit :
> hi,
> 
> i am newbie to python so i am trying to learn mod_python as my new
> development kit for my small web apps.
> 
> i am getting strange result

Nothing strange here AFAICT.

> can anybody explain me.
> index.py
> *********************************************************************************************
> from mod_python import apache
> from mod_python import psp
> from mod_python import util
> 
> def index(req, para=None):
>     tmpl = psp.PSP(req, filename='a.html')
>     tmpl.run(vars = {'para':para})
>     tmpl.run()

Here, you call tmpl.run() two time, the first time with a dict having an 
entry named 'param', the second time without it.

> a.htm
> *********************************************************************************************
(snip)
> <BODY>
> <h1><%=para%></h1>

And here you try to display something named "para". I don't have much 
knowledge of PSP, but I have enough experience to assert this try to get 
the entry named "param" from the dict passed to tmpl.run().

(snip)

> Result
(snip)
> File "E:\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\test\index.py", line 8, in index
> tmpl.run()

Here we are : line 8 of index.py, your second call to tmpl.run() without 
the dict.
> File "E:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\mod_python\psp.py", line 213, in
> run exec code in global_scope
> File "E:\Apache Group\Apache2\htdocs\test\a.html", line 1, in ?
> NameError: name 'para' is not defined

and here the tentative to get this name from the dict.

Doesn't seem so strange to me. Note that I could be wrong - you'd better 
check in PSP documentation - but I think I'd try commenting out the 
second (and AFAICT useless) call to tmpl.run().


From per9000 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 11:05:49 2006
From: per9000 at gmail.com (per9000)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 08:05:49 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
References: <1151830709.064844.212860@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151939149.796860.244680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I wanted to try this myself a few days ago, my first (working) try had
this source code:

---
#!/usr/bin/python

print 'Content-Type: text/plain'
print
print 'hell o world'
---
(the output is just "hell o world\n", but the first four lines are
still required I guess, I don't know why, but it works...)

The file had to be named filetitle + ".cgi" because of some setting at
my web hotel. 

Good luck!

/Per9000



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 23:18:27 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 20:18:27 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhx188.1j5p1xr1l00bmbN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1151983107.492616.57610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Alex Martelli wrote:

> http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13

Leave it to the guy who can quote Borges and The Celestial Emporium of
Benevolent Knowledge while explaining multiple inheritance.

See Cookbook 2nd Ed pg. 234



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 03:21:41 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:21:41 +0200
Subject: a question about "return"
References: <1151982728.154138.20310@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8d4u6$t6r$1@sea.gmane.org>

"yaru22" wrote:

> In one of the examples in the book I'm reading, it says:
>
> def __init__(self):
>    ...
>    ...
>    ...
>    return
>
> It has nothing after "return". I expected it to have some number like 0 or 1.
>
> What does it mean to have nothing after return?

 "return" is the same thing as "return None"

    http://pyref.infogami.com/return

> Why do we even include "return" if we are not putting any value after?

a plain "return" at the end of a function is entirely optional:

>>> def func1():
...     print
...
>>> def func2():
...     print
...     return
...
>>> def func3():
...     print
...     return None
...
>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis(func1)
  2           0 PRINT_NEWLINE
              1 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              4 RETURN_VALUE
>>> dis.dis(func2)
  2           0 PRINT_NEWLINE
  3           1 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              4 RETURN_VALUE
>>> dis.dis(func3)
  2           0 PRINT_NEWLINE
  3           1 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              4 RETURN_VALUE

</F> 





From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 09:08:37 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:08:37 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <8c7f10c60607130535v421c6abcq9dd9094d47059946@mail.gmail.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<8c7f10c60607130535v421c6abcq9dd9094d47059946@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130608w5d49ab37ve6616c8d5e06761f@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/13/06, Simon Brunning <simon at brunningonline.net> wrote:
> Something like this any use to you?

Or this, about a squillion times cleaner:

class MyClass(object):

    def _get_bad_name(self):
        warn('"bad_name" deprecated. Please refer to "good_name"', stacklevel=2)
        return self.good_name

    def _set_bad_name(self, bad_name):
        warn('"bad_name" deprecated. Please refer to "good_name"', stacklevel=2)
        self.good_name = bad_name

    def _del_bad_name(self):
        warn('"bad_name" deprecated. Please refer to "good_name"', stacklevel=2)
        del self.good_name

    bad_name = property(_get_bad_name, _set_bad_name, _del_bad_name,
'"bad_name" deprecated. Please refer to "good_name"')

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 20:33:39 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:33:39 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> > Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> > > Chris Smith wrote:
> > > > Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.
> > > > Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic
> > > > sense; no OO going on here).
> > >
> > > Depends what you mean by "object".
> > >
> > > int x = 6; int y = 5; x = y;
> > >
> > > I'd say x was mutable, with no "identity" problems involved?
> >
> > The variable x definitely has identity that's independent of its value.
> 
> I'm not sure what you mean by that.

I mean, simply, that when you can assign a value to a variable, then you 
care that it is that variable and not a different one.  That's identity 
in the normal sense of the word.  The code elsewhere in the procedure is 
able to access the value of 'x', and that has meaning even though you 
don't know what value 'x' has.  This has definite implications, and is a 
useful concept; for example, it means that the pure lambda calculus no 
longer sufficient to express the semantics of the programming language, 
but instead something else is required.

What you are asking for is some subset of identity, and I've not yet 
succeeded in understanding exactly what it is or what its limits are... 
except that so far, it seems to have everything to do with pointers or 
aliasing.

> >  I also see, though, that the majority (so far, I'd
> > say all) of the potential uses for which it's worth introducing mutation
> > into an otherwise mutation-free language allow the possibility of
> > aliasing, which sorta makes me wonder whether this problem is worth
> > solving.
> 
> What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
> Yet: useful.

I'm not yet convinced that this is any different from a language with 
standard pointer aliasing.  If I have two tables A and B, and a foreign 
key from A into B, then I run into the same problems with enforcing 
constraints that I would see with a pointer model... when I update a 
relation, I need to potentially check every other relation that contains 
a foreign key into it, in order to ensure that its constraints are not 
violated by that constraint.  That's the same thing that is being 
pointed out as a negative consequence of aliasing in other languages.  
For example, executing:

    UPDATE P SET x = 5 WHERE y = 43;

may result in the database having to re-evaluate the constraint that 
says that for all P(x, y, z), x must be less than 4 when z = 17.  One 
difference is that while in general purpose programming languages this 
appears to be a daunting task, databases are set up to do these kinds of 
things all the time and contain optimizations for it... but the problem 
is still the same, and it would still present the same difficulties in 
doing formal proofs that running the above UPDATE statement doesn't 
violate any invariants.

(If I'm wrong about that, please let me know; I'd very interested if 
that's so.)

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Tue Jul 18 11:15:56 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:15:56 +0200
Subject: Using Visual Slick Edit for Python
In-Reply-To: <1153233110.826006@sj-nntpcache-5>
References: <1153233110.826006@sj-nntpcache-5>
Message-ID: <e9iu05$7am$1@news.sap-ag.de>

Brian Buderman wrote:
> Anyone know if there is a way to make slickedit tag the built in modules 
> such as os and sys so that code completion and the like work?

I don't think that this is possible as the docs are in the python 
executable. But it should be easy to generate a dummy module:

import sys
for name, entry in sys.__dict__.iteritems ():
     if callable (entry):
         print '''def %s ():\n\t""""%s""""\n\tpass\n\n''' \
             % (name, entry.__doc__)

Put the generated modules in a directory outside of the PYTHONPATH, but 
add it to the Python tagging of SlickEdit.

Daniel

P.S. Have you already upgraded to v11 and is there anything worthwhile 
in it (Python or otherwise)?


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Fri Jul 14 09:54:58 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:54:58 +0200
Subject: imaplib question
Message-ID: <44B7A232.6030207@designaproduct.biz>


  Hello,

I'm trying to write a very simple program that moves all messages from 
INBOX into another folder.
I'm not sure what am I doing wrong. This is a very simple task. I 
believe I need to call these methods:

- search -> get all message UIDs in the INBOX
- copy -> copy all messages to another folder
- store -> mark all messages in INBOX as deleted
- expunge -> delete them physically

Here is what I have now:

conn = getnewimapconnection()
try:
    typ,data = conn.select()
    check_error((typ,data))
    #print "Number of messages in INBOX: ",data[0]   
    typ,all_messages = conn.search(None,'(ALL)')
    check_error((typ,data))
   
    #mailboxes = conn.list()[1]
    #for mb in mailboxes:
    #    print mb   
    #raise SystemExit   
   
    # Store all messages into another
    typ,data = conn.copy(all_messages,'"PublicInbox"')
    check_error((typ,data))
finally:
    conn.logout()


I get this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "MailDaemon.py", line 99, in ?
    check_error((typ,data))
  File "MailDaemon.py", line 15, in check_error
    raise IMAPError((typ,data))
__main__.IMAPError: ('NO', ["[TRYCREATE] Mailbox doesn't exist: 2"])

However, if I comment out the for loop that lists the mailboxes, I see this:

(\HasNoChildren) "/" "PublicInbox"

I also tried 'PublicInbox' '/PublicInbox' and '/ PublicInbox' etc. but 
none of them works. Most strangely, if I create a new mailbox with 
create('TTT') then it creates a new mailbox successfuly.

Please help me

    Laszlo



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 13 04:04:19 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:04:19 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8100.1152767908.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e94upr$3e9$00$2@news.t-online.com>

Terry Hancock wrote:

> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>>  The original post just said that he wanted to index some values by
>>  their urls and didn't really care about the urls themselves, so I
>>  suggested that he just use the hash of the key as the key. The
>>  dictionary will then take a hash of that [note that:
>>  hash(string)=hash(hash(string)) ] then the dictionary will not keep
>>  the reference to the urls and GC will collect them. So instead of
>>  dic[urlstring']=value he will do dic[hash(urlstring)]=value. But then
>>  to retrieve he will have to do old_value=dic[hash(urlstring]].
> 
> Note that it is trivial to catch collisions on entry and correct them:
> 
> key = hash(url_string)
> i      = 0
> if d.has_key(key):
>    while d.has_key(key):
>        i += 1
>    d[key + repr(i)] = val
> else:
>    d[key] = val
> 
> or something along those lines. No need to keep the original string.

How do you intend to get the value back out of the dictionary?

candidates = []
for key in xrange(hash(url), sys.maxint):
    try:
        candidates.append(d[key])
    except KeyError:
        break

Instead, I would put all values with the same hash into a container, along
the lines of

d.setdefault(hash(url), []).append(value))

Here is a simple implementation that can be used to put the idea to a test.
It keeps all but the first url for a cluster with identical hashes.

class Cluster(object):
    """A cluster of dictionary values with the same hash(key).

    Helper for Dict.
    """
    def __init__(self, default):
        self.pairs = {}
        self.default = default
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        assert key not in self.pairs
        self.pairs[key] = value
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.pairs.get(key, self.default)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Cluster(default=%r, pairs=%r)" % (self.default, self.pairs)
    def itervalues(self):
        yield self.default
        for value in self.pairs.itervalues():
            yield value

class Dict(object):
    """A dictionary that stores hashes instead of keys as long as there are
    no collisions.

    The value entered first becomes the default for a cluster of values with
    the same hash. It follows that you cannot implement a reliable
    containment test and must make sure by exterior means that only existing
    keys are looked up.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.dict = {}
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        short_key = hash(key)
        try:
            cluster = self.dict[short_key]
        except KeyError:
            self.dict[short_key] = value
        else:
            if isinstance(cluster, Cluster):
               cluster[key] = value
            else:
                cluster = Cluster(cluster)
                cluster[key] = value
                self.dict[short_key] = cluster
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        cluster = self.dict[hash(key)]
        if not isinstance(cluster, Cluster):
            return cluster
        return cluster[key]
    def itervalues(self):
        for value in self.dict.itervalues():
            if isinstance(value, Cluster):
                for v in value.itervalues():
                    yield v
            else:
                yield value
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Dict(%s)" % repr(self.dict)[1:-1]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    class BadHash(object):
        """Key with user-defined hash.

        Allows enforcing hash collisions.
        """
        def __init__(self, value, hash):
            self.value = value
            self.hash = hash
        def __hash__(self):
            return hash(self.hash)
        def __eq__(self, other):
            return self.value == other.value
        def __repr__(self):
            return "BadHash(value=%r, hash=%r)" % (self.value, self.hash)
    d = Dict()
    for i, v in enumerate("alpha beta gamma delta".split()):
        d[BadHash(v, i)] = v
    for v in "sigma tau omega".split():
        d[BadHash(v, 42)] = v
    print d
    assert d[BadHash("gamma", 2)] == "gamma"

    assert d[BadHash("sigma", 42)] == "sigma"
    assert d[BadHash("tau", 42)] == "tau"

    # but be warned that
    assert d[BadHash("whatever", 42)] == "sigma"

    expected = sorted("alpha beta gamma delta sigma tau omega".split())
    assert list(sorted(d.itervalues())) == expected

I fear that the memory footprint of a url is not large enough to warrant the
approach, though.

Peter






From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul  5 17:10:21 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 14:10:21 -0700
Subject: cas in python
In-Reply-To: <1152130300.017691.187140@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152130300.017691.187140@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152133821.573943.141900@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

import ctypes
ctypes.cdll.find('ginac')

i like designing APIs, and i'm up for learning ctypes, so i'll help
wrap ginac using ctypes.

ondrej.certik at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
> from time to time, people here are asking about the computer algebra
> system (cas) in python. I wonder, is there a demand for such a thing?
>
> I would be interested in functionality of at least ginac, but
> something, which could easily be extended. Ginac (pyginac or swiginac)
> are fine, but it seems to me to be too complex and contains a lot of
> redundant code (imho). What I need is not a speed in the first place,
> but rather rich features and simple code which I (and others) can
> extend. I would like to experiment with new features, functions, etc.,
> but using a normal language like python (or c++). Which is quite
> difficult in ginac or maple/mathematica.
>
> I also (like other people here) wrote a proof of concept a year ago:
>
> http://ondrej.certik.cz/cas.php
>
> and I also (like others) don't have much time to continue on it. On the
> other hand, it really does seem possible to write it in a way, which is
> very easy to understand, yet feature rich.
>
> So if anyone is interested in developing such a thing, please let me
> know. Or at least what you think about it - does it make sense to write
> another cas?
> 
> Ondrej



From barberomarcelo at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 20:06:10 2006
From: barberomarcelo at gmail.com (barberomarcelo at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 17:06:10 -0700
Subject: When writing text. . .
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8189.1152918389.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8189.1152918389.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152921970.809143.303870@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Or:

win.write(r'run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')

The r before the string makes it a "raw" string, where \ are not
interpreted as escape characters.

Marcelo

Daniel Nogradi ha escrito:

> > Hey I'm pretty new to python and I have a question.  I'm trying to write:
> > "[BOOT]
> > run=C:\windows\aawin.bat"
> >
> > in my win.ini
> > So I went about it like this:
> >
> > win = open('C:\windows\win.ini', 'a')
> > win.write('[BOOT]')
> > win.write('\n')
> > win.write('run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')
> >
> > I expected that to work, but instead of C:\windows\aawin.bat I get
> > run=C:\windowsawin.bat. . .
> > I assume /a is a code for  like /n is for a newline, is there a way to fix
> > this?
> 
> win.write( '\\a' )



From d.j.potts at bcs.org.uk  Fri Jul 28 07:55:39 2006
From: d.j.potts at bcs.org.uk (Dave Potts)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 04:55:39 -0700
Subject: Python Projects Continuous Integration
Message-ID: <1154087739.722910.110310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in
the Java world.  I was wondering what tool advice you could give me
about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python
code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the
docs, tag the code repository.  I'm used to things like Maven and
CruiseControl in the Java world.

Cheers,

Dave.



From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Mon Jul 17 23:45:15 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:45:15 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153194314.826690.98520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


> Let's try reductio ad adsurdum on that one. Suppose that instead of
> filling in a malloced chunk of memory, you had stored those gizmoids in
> local variables foo0, foo1, foo2, etc. Using your reasoning: we can't
> ever return from our function (which frees up the stack memory
> containing foo0 etc) because we don't know when garbage collector will
> free foo0 etc. Avoiding that problem would require a Python/C API
> function with a name like Py_AwaitGarbageCollection() ... but there
> isn't one.

There are 2 memory components that make up a Python object.
First, there is the object in memory itself.  Secondly, there
is the 4 bytes or so that hold the address to the object in memory.
(the 'pointer')

I think what I hear you saying is that garbage collection has
to automagically take care of my second component above as well.

So can I assume you are also saying our original malloc'd pointer
to Python objects will be take care of as well as the objects?
(Hence, no free(my_array) necessary?)
(Only Py_INCREFs and Py_DECREFs need apply?)

Chris



From JKPeck at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 22:17:04 2006
From: JKPeck at gmail.com (JKPeck)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 19:17:04 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
Message-ID: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I would like to be able use sets where the set members are objects of a
class I wrote.
I want the members to be distinguished by some of the object content,
but I have not figured out how a set determines whether two (potential)
elements are identical.  I tried implementing __eq__ and __ne__ and
__hash__ to make objects with identical content behave as identical for
set membership, but so far no luck.

I could subclass set if necessary, but I still don't know what I would
need to override.

TIA for any advice you can offer.



From see at signature.invalid  Sun Jul  9 00:14:55 2006
From: see at signature.invalid (Nigel Rowe)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:14:55 +1000
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152377895.957276.65550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e8oq06$5cs$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152385563.985755.90880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8p2m0$ncv$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
Message-ID: <yo-dnbdYXokiHy3ZnZ2dnUVZ_vWdnZ2d@giganews.com>

spooky wrote:

> Hey,
> 
>> Try looking at the wx.HtmlWindow demo
> 
> Thank you...I know wx.HtmlWindow but that object can not parse
> Javascript code :((
> 
> I need a cross-platform object that can parse js-scripts :(
> 
> Can someone help me??
> 
> Bye,
> 
> Spooky

http://wxmozilla.sourceforge.net/ exists to embed mozilla in wxwindows,
but I have no idea how well it does it, nor its current status.


-- 
        Nigel Rowe
        A pox upon the spammers that make me write my address like..
                rho (snail) swiftdsl (stop) com (stop) au


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 17 15:25:13 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:25:13 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>
	<1153161100.650922.110630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f259200b8db1bc09896a0@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > If the relations are to
> > be considered opaque, then there's clearly no aliasing going on.
> 
> Not certain I understand, but I think I agree.

My condition, though, was that relations be opaque.  Since you will be 
violating that condition further on down, I just felt that it's useful 
to point that out here.

> No, such a language is entirely useful, since relational assignment
> is *more* expressive than insert/update/delete.

Assignment is more powerful *as* assignment.  However, it is less 
powerful when the task at hand is deriving new relations from old ones.  
Assignment provides absolutely no tools for doing that.  I thought you 
were trying to remove those tools from the language entirely in order to 
remove the corresponding aliasing problems.  I guess I was wrong, since 
you make it clear below that you intend to keep at least basic set 
operations on relations in your hypothetical language.

> Consider:
> 
> i := i + 1;
> 
> Note that the new value of i didn't just appear out of thin air; it was
> in fact based on the previous value of i.

Right.  That's exactly the kind of thing I thought you were trying to 
avoid.

> So we can define insert, update and delete in terms of relational
> assignment, relational subtraction, and relational union. Type
> checking details omitted.

Then the problem is in the step where you assign the new relation to the 
old relational variable.  You need to check that the new relation 
conforms to the invariants that are expressed on that relational 
variable.  If you model this as assignment of relations (or relation 
values... I'm unclear on the terminology at this point) then naively 
this requires scanning through an entire set of relations in the 
constraint, to verify that the invariant holds.  You've may have avoided 
"aliasing" in any conventional sense of the word by stretching the word 
itself beyond breaking... but you've only done it by proactively 
accepting its negative consequences.

It remains non-trivial to scan through a 2 GB database table to verify 
that some attribute of every tuple matches some attribute of another 
table, even if you call the entire thing one relational variable.  The 
implementation, of course, isn't at all going to make a copy of the 
entire (possibly several GB) relation and rewrite it all every time it 
makes a change, and it isn't going to give up and rescan all possible 
invariants every time every change is made.  In other words, you've 
risen to a layer of abstraction where the aliasing problem does not 
exist.  The implementation is still going to deal with the aliasing 
problem, which will resurface once you pass over to the other side of 
the abstraction boundary.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 02:52:02 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 23:52:02 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B5CC2E.7040005@anansispaceworks.com>
	<mailman.8102.1152769828.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152773522.252537.305330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Yeah hash(hash(immutable))=hash(immutable) it seems. Not sure this is a
specification but it happens that way:
------------------------------------------
$ >>> hash('abc')
-1600925533
$ >>> hash(hash('abc'))
-1600925533
$ >>> hash(hash(hash(('abc'))))
-1600925533
>>>
-----------------------------------------
Of course then hash(0)=0, hash(1)=0 and also hash(2**32)=1, all this in
standard CPython on IA32.

Nick Vatamaniuc



Ganesan Rajagopal wrote:
> >>>>> "Terry" == Terry Hancock <hancock at anansispaceworks.com> writes:
>
> > Note that it is trivial to catch collisions on entry and correct them:
>
> > key = hash(url_string)
> > i      = 0
> > if d.has_key(key):
> >    while d.has_key(key):
> >        i += 1
>
> hash is a number. It's sufficient to do
>
> while d.has_key(key):
>     key += 1
>
> > I am a little surprised that hash(hash(s)) == hash(s), is that actually
> > true?
> 
> >>> hash(42)
> 42
> 
> Ganesan
> 
> -- 
> Ganesan Rajagopal



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Mon Jul  3 23:17:26 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:47:26 +0530
Subject: inline metaclasses
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44A9DDC6.5090902@tachyontech.net>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> But why use a metaclass?  If the meta class is only applied to *one*
> class, can't you do at class level whatever the metaclass is doing!?

The very fact that you can put a loop inside __metaclass__ may be reason
enough for a one-off metaclass.

Here's a contrived example:

class X :
    def __metaclass__( name, bases, dict ) :
        for k,v in dict.items() :
            if k.startswith('get_') :
                dict[ k[4:].upper() ] = property( v )
        return type( name, bases, dict )

    def get_a( self ) :
        ...

    def get_b( self ) :
        ...


o = X()
print o.A
print o.B

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From rrr at ronadam.com  Sat Jul 29 16:31:42 2006
From: rrr at ronadam.com (Ron Adam)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:31:42 -0500
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eDPyg.14213$PO.5698@dukeread03>

Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> 
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> 
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> 
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> 
> I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> compiling my files.

This probably won't work for you, but it's worth suggesting as it may 
give you other ideas to solve your problem.

If it is a list of lists of pixel objects you can iterate though the 
pixels directly and not use range or xrange at all.  For this to work 
the pixel object needs to be mutable or have an attribute to store it's 
value.  It can't be just an int, in that case you will need to use indexes.



     pixel = [rgb_value]

or

     pixel = [r,g,b]

or

     class Pixel(object):
        def __self__(self, rgb_value):
            self.value = rgb_value
     pixel = Pixel(rgb_value)

Or some other variation that is mutable.


These may not be suitable and may cause additional overhead elsewhere as 
the image may need to be converted to some other form in order to 
display or save it.



What Actions are you performing on the pixels?

You may be able to increase the speed by creating lookup tables in 
dictionaries and then use the pixel value for the key.


Just a rough example...

    action1 = dict()
    # fill dict with precomputed pixel key value pairs.
    # ...

    image = getimage()
    for row in image:
       for pixel in row:
          # one of the following or something similar
          pixel[0] = action1[pixel]
          pixel.value = action1[pixel.value]
          pixel[:] = action[pixel]


The pixels need to be objects so they are mutable.  If they aren't, then 
you will need to use index's as you did above.

Precomputing the pixel value tables may use up too much memory or take a 
very long time if your image has a large amount of possible colors.  If 
precomputing the pixels take too long but you are not concerned by the 
memory usage, you may be able to store (pickle) the precomputed tables 
then unpickle it before it is used.

This work best if the number of colors (the depth) is limited.

If these suggestions aren't applicable, then you most likely need to 
look at an image library that uses compiled C (or assembly) code to do 
the brute force work.  It may also be possible to access your platforms 
directX or opengl library routines directly to do it.

Cheers,
    Ron














From max at alcyone.com  Fri Jul 14 19:49:32 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:49:32 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
In-Reply-To: <rq9gb2tfq3mccvfvtdki2n5jkbebidtct0@4ax.com>
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>
	<poudnVvPhYLbQivZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
	<rq9gb2tfq3mccvfvtdki2n5jkbebidtct0@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <P_2dnWIHC8EQsCXZnZ2dnUVZ_rmdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Tom Plunket wrote:

> I know that the message didn't have enough formatters, that's why I
> asked.  (Although I would have assumed that the generator would get
> automatically converted to a sequence that was consumable by the
> interpolation operator...)

That's because::

	aFormatString % anObject

is a shortcut for::

	aFormatString % (anObject,)

so things like::

	print "Your birthday is on %s" % date

are allowed.  So when the object is an iterator, it's just treated as a 
single value in a 1-tuple, rather than iterated over to get its own tuple.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.
    -- Sigmund Freud


From gneuner2/ at comcast.net  Mon Jul 10 00:46:31 2006
From: gneuner2/ at comcast.net (George Neuner)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:46:31 -0400
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>

On Mon, 26 Jun 2006 11:49:51 -0600, Chris Smith <cdsmith at twu.net>
wrote:

>Pascal Costanza <pc at p-cos.net> wrote:
>
>> This is maybe better understandable in user-level code. Consider the 
>> following class definition:
>> 
>> class Person {
>>    String name;
>>    int age;
>> 
>>    void buyPorn() {
>>     if (< this.age 18) throw new AgeRestrictionException();
>>     ...
>>    }
>> }
>> 
>> The message p.buyPorn() is a perfectly valid message send and will pass 
>> both static and dynamic type tests (given p is of type Person in the 
>> static case).
>
>It appears you've written the code above to assume that the type system 
>can't cerify that age >= 18... otherwise, the if statement would not 
>make sense.  It also looks like Java, in which the type system is indeed 
>not powerfule enough to do that check statically.  However, it sounds as 
>if you're claiming that it wouldn't be possible for the type system to 
>do this?  If so, that's not correct.  If such a thing were checked at 
>compile-time by a static type check, then failing to actually provide 
>that guarantee would be a type error, and the compiler would tell you 
>so.

Now this is getting ridiculous.  Regardless of implementation
language, Pascal's example is of a data dependent, runtime constraint.
Is the compiler to forbid a person object from aging?  If not, then
how does this person object suddenly become a different type when it
becomes 18?  Is this conversion to be automatic or manual?  

The programmer could forget to make a manual conversion, in which case
the program's behavior is wrong.  If your marvelous static type
checker does the conversion automatically, then obviously types are
not static and can be changed at runtime.  

Either way you've failed to prevent a runtime problem using a purely
static analysis.


George
--
for email reply remove "/" from address


From bigskipster at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 17:53:35 2006
From: bigskipster at gmail.com (bigskipster at gmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 14:53:35 -0700
Subject: Cool Ebooks Site
Message-ID: <1152827615.517571.185550@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

http://cooldogebooks.blogspot.com


Submit your comments because I need them!


Thank You.


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Energy Conversion | DNA Biology | Money Management | Stock Trading |
GNU Debugging | Online Unleashed | Origami | Object Recovery | TRS80
Radio Shack | McGraw Hill | Network Analysis | Business Management |
Asbestos Cancer & Mesthelioma | Web Marketing | Computer Mix #2 |
Oreilly & Java | Computer Security #2 | Oracle 9i & 10g | Apress |
Actual Tests Cisco & Others | Windows Server Os | Oreilly Ebooks Pdf
Chm | Home Improvement | TestKing | Political Ebooks | Network & Server



Routing | Wireless | Computer Mixes | Digital Design And Synthesis |
Mathematics | Chemistry | Neurology | Sybex | Recipes | New Riders |
Macromedia Press | MySql | Dreamweaver | Scrambled Mixes | Engineering
| FreeBSD | Internet Security | Software Books & Manuals | DaVinci Code



| VOIP | Syngress | Fluid Mechanics | Que Books | XML & Feed
Syndication | More Oreilly Ebooks | Mostly Oreilly Ebooks | Psychology
Texts & Ebooks | Magic & Hypnosis | Website Promotion Texts | Computer
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| Java Ebooks | Python Ebooks | Linux Ebooks | Christian / Evangelism
Ebooks | Cisco Ebooks | Military Training Ebooks | Novels - Various
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From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 09:50:20 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 06:50:20 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
In-Reply-To: <44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebddhd.k7e.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152885020.521713.47080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> On 14/07/2006 10:41 AM, Dan Winsor wrote:
> > Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> >> Dan Winsor enlightened us with:
> >>> This one "works" in that it runs, but the server on the other end gets
> >>> garbage unrelated to the test file.
> >> Are you sure it is garbage? Have you tried changing byte order?
> >
> > Ah, that I hadn't.  Any pointers to doing that?
> >
>
> You found array.array.byteswap() in the manual and rejected it because ...?

Unfortunately, this yielded similar results as not byte swapping it.
Thanks for the pointer, though.



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Tue Jul 18 19:43:16 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:43:16 GMT
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <87bqrmzdgr.fsf@reportlab.com>

Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> writes:
[...]
> > Often normal send() and recv() semantics have been mistaught.
> > An alert alien, looking at other common APIs in isolation, 
> > might reasonably wonder whether there is some sort of 
> > still_ok_to_use() sort of check as part of TCP.  As it happens,
> > of course, that doesn't fit with the rest of socket networking,
> > which takes the "modernist" approach of trying send() or recv(),
> > and reporting any exception.
> 
> On most Unices there are some obscure API features that can be
> used to generate a SIGPIPE under some vaguely specified error
> conditions (e.g. TCP keepalive timeout).  I've only read about
> them and never tried to use them, since I couldn't see anything
> in the description of the features that was any benefit over
> the nomral send() and recv() usage.

Sorry for butting in, Grant, but this reminds me of this bug:

http://python.org/sf/1411097


and specifically, of my question in the tracker:

| One problem: I don't understand the need for
| HTTPConnection._safe_read(), rather than checking for an
| EINTR resulting from the recv() call (or WSAEINTR on
| Windows).  Can anybody explain that?


Note the comment in the third paragraph in the method's docstring,
below ("Note that we cannot...", and the "if not chunk" test).  Do you
know of any reason why it should do that (fail to check for EINTR)?
Looks wrong to me.

(I do understand that it's only signals that arrive before *any* data
is read that cause EINTR, but that's the specific case mentioned in
the 3rd para, and a check for that is what's conspicuously absent from
the method implementation.)

    def _safe_read(self, amt):
        """Read the number of bytes requested, compensating for partial reads.

        Normally, we have a blocking socket, but a read() can be interrupted
        by a signal (resulting in a partial read).

        Note that we cannot distinguish between EOF and an interrupt when zero
        bytes have been read. IncompleteRead() will be raised in this
        situation.

        This function should be used when <amt> bytes "should" be present for
        reading. If the bytes are truly not available (due to EOF), then the
        IncompleteRead exception can be used to detect the problem.
        """
        s = []
        while amt > 0:
            chunk = self.fp.read(min(amt, MAXAMOUNT))
            if not chunk:
                raise IncompleteRead(s)
            s.append(chunk)
            amt -= len(chunk)
        return ''.join(s)


John


From rakesh.thakrar at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 16:44:24 2006
From: rakesh.thakrar at gmail.com (Rakesh Thakrar)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:44:24 +0100
Subject: Python Developer required for a 6 months contract
Message-ID: <40a44b660607171344i1431e6d4q4985cc853ab0b41e@mail.gmail.com>

My client based in the South West is looking for a Python Developer to join
an existing project team for a 6-month contract. Suitable candidates will
have commercial experience programming with Python and knowledge of Software
Design Architecture.
Ideally you will have Knowledge of QT, GTK, KDE or similar
toolkits/technologies .  Please do not hesitate to call me for further
information.


Regards
Rakesh
01727 752000
rakesh.thakrar at microcom.ltd.uk
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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 28 06:21:11 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 12:21:11 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c9e518$0$5496$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Ray wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>> I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
>>> like this? (No, not really. But...)
>> There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
>> said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
>> is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
>> caught almost immediatly.
> 
> Actually Bruno,  don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
> Python comes at the expense of "security" is simply due to the fact
> that the syntax of "screw up" is exactly the same as the syntax of "I
> mean it this way and I do want it"?

(patient) Doctor, it hurts when I do this...
(doctor) Then don't do it.

!-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul 28 14:43:19 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:43:19 -0400
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadls7$7k4$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1154053723.899787.72980 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
>> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>> >
>> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY

Besides other suggestions, you might also take a look at Pygame which both 
wraps a C graphics library and has an interface to numeric.






From gneuner2/ at comcast.net  Tue Jul 11 13:26:43 2006
From: gneuner2/ at comcast.net (George Neuner)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:26:43 -0400
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
	<C1Psg.56632$181.30396@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <tog7b2te7ck12cv35l4b3dm2visfrtevgp@4ax.com>

On Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:59:46 GMT, David Hopwood
<david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:

>What matters is that, over the range
>of typical programs written in the language, the value of the increased
>confidence in program correctness outweighs the effort involved in both
>adding annotations, and understanding whether any remaining run-time checks
>are guaranteed to succeed.

Agreed, but ...


>Look at it this way: suppose that I *need* to verify that a program has
>no range errors. Doing that entirely manually would be extremely tedious.
>If the compiler can do, say, 90% of the work, and point out the places that
>need to be verified manually, then that would be both less tedious, and
>less error-prone.

All of this presupposes that you have a high level of confidence in
the compiler.  I've been in software development for going in 20 years
now and worked 10 years on high performance, high availability
systems.  In all that time I have yet to meet a compiler ... or
significant program of any kind ... that is without bugs, noticeable
or not.

I'm a fan of static typing but the major problem I have with complex
inferencing (in general) is the black box aspect of it.  That is, when
the compiler rejects my code, is it really because a) I was stupid, b)
the types are too complex, or c) the compiler itself has a bug.  It's
certainly true that the vast majority of my problems are because I'm
stupid, but I've run into actual compiler bugs far too often for my
liking (high performance coding has a tendency to uncover them).

I think I understand how to implement HM inferencing ... I haven't
actually done it yet, but I've studied it and I'm working on a toy
language that will eventually use it.  But HM itself is a toy compared
to an inferencing system that could realistically handle some of the
problems that were discussed in this and Xah's "expressiveness" thread
(my own beef is with *static* checking of range narrowing assignments
which I still don't believe can be done regardless of Chris Smith's
assertions to the contrary).

It seems to me that the code complexity of such a super-duper
inferencing system would make its bug free implementation quite
difficult and I personally would be less inclined to trust a compiler
that used it than one having a less capable (but easier to implement)
system.

George
--
for email reply remove "/" from address


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul  7 00:15:24 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 00:15:24 -0400
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de><slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr><slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e8kn4t$dc3$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrneapmfr.at1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> And if  Nested variables are harmfull,

I don't know if anyone said that they were, but Guido obviously does not 
think so, or he would not have added them.  So skip that.

> what is then the big difference between rebinding them and mutating them

A variable is a name.  Name can be rebound (or maybe not) but they cannot 
be mutated.  Only objects (with mutation methods) can be mutated.  In other 
words, binding is a namespace action and mutation is an objectspace action. 
In Python, at least, the difference is fundamental.

Or, in other other words, do not be fooled by the convenient but incorrect 
abbreviated phrase 'mutate a nested variable'.

> that we should forbid the first and allow the second?

Rebinding nested names is not forbidden; it has just not yet been added 
(see below).

Being able to mutate a mutable object is automatic once you have a 
reference to it.  In other words, it you can read the value, you can mutate 
it (if it is mutable).

> I understand that python evolved and that this sometimes results
> in things that in hindsight could have been done better.

So does Guido.  That is one explicit reason he gave for not choosing any of 
the nunerous proposals for the syntax and semantics of nested scope write 
access.  In the face of anti-consensus among the developers and no 
particular personal preference, he decided, "Better to wait than roll the 
dice and make the wrong, hard to reverse, choice now".  (Paraphrased quote)

>I have to wonder if someone really thought this through at design time

Giving the actual history of, if anything, too many people thinking too 
many different thoughts, this is almost funny.

Recently however, Guido has rejected most proposals to focus attention on 
just a few variations and possibly gain a consensus.  So I think there is 
at least half a chance that some sort of nested scope write access will 
appear in 2.6 or 3.0.

Terry Jan Reedy





From edeveaud at pasteur.fr  Thu Jul  6 07:36:43 2006
From: edeveaud at pasteur.fr (Eric Deveaud)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 11:36:43 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152185118.897085.170570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneapt79.4h1.edeveaud@localhost.localdomain>

manstey wrote:
>  That doesn't work. I just get an error:
> 
>      x = eval(line.strip('\n'))
>    File "<string>", line 1
>       [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
>   SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing
> 

is the last line of your file empty ??

what with

for line in filAnsMorph:
     # remove any trailing and leading whitespace includes removing \n
     line = line.strip()
	 # Get rid of comment lines
	 if line.startswith('#'):
	 	continue
	# Get rid of blank line
	if line == '':
	    continue
	#do the job
     x = eval(line)


NB by default strip() removes leading and trailing characters from the target
string. with whitspace defined as whitespace = '\t\n\x0b\x0c\r '

	Eric


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 07:11:21 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 13:11:21 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152265403.501728.51310@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152191316.228972.54190@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ad68aa$0$20880$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152265403.501728.51310@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ae415a$0$6142$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

meridian wrote:
> Thanks Bruno. Not only do you give solutions to my problem but also
> throw in great MVC tutorials too.
> You're a gent.

(blush)

> I'm using
> controller -> A CherryPy app
> views -> Cheetah Templating for the html & data
> model -> mostly SQLite DB using pysqlite
> also Config
> 
> It's only a desk-web app for single-user, so no concurrency issues.

Err... I would not be so confident wrt/ this point. What about having
two browser windows opened on different pages of the app ?

> However, taking on board your advice to avoid globals, I've now
> realised that the info that I need to retain between pages can simply
> be session information (for the only user) that can be initialised at
> startup from the config.
> So I'm looking at just storing it all in the cherrypy.session ram vs
> using python globals.

Think this will be better !-)

But still, avoid overusing sessions - ie, don't make session available
to objects just for covenience when you can pass required data as params.

My 2 cents...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From frank at chagford.com  Sun Jul  9 02:02:04 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 23:02:04 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


nagy wrote:
> Thanks, Kirk.
> I considered the += as only a shorthand notation for the assignment
> operator.
> Since for lists + is simply a concatetation, I am not sure it x=x+[2]
> is creating a brand
> new list. Could you refer me to any documentation on this?
> Thanks,
> Nagy

My habit is to check the id.

>>> x = [1,2]
>>> id(x)
-1209327188
>>> x += [4]
>>> x
[1,2,4]
>>> id(x)
-1209327188
>>> x = x + [6]
>>> x
[1,2,4,6]
>>> id(x)
-1209334664

So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
creates a new list.

I am not sure if this is 100% guaranteed, as I have noticed in the past
that id's can be reused under certain circumstances. Perhaps one of the
resident gurus can comment.

Frank Millman



From R.Brodie at rl.ac.uk  Thu Jul 13 11:04:58 2006
From: R.Brodie at rl.ac.uk (Richard Brodie)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:04:58 +0100
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>


"Gerhard Fiedler" <gelists at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list at python.org...

> If I understand you correctly, you are saying that if I distribute a file
> with the following lines:
>
>  s = "?"
>  print s
>
> I basically need to distribute also the information how the file is encoded
> and every user needs to use the same (or a compatible) encoding for reading
> this file?
>
> Is there a standard way to do this?

Use Unicode strings, with an explicit encoding.  Say no to ISO-8859-1 centrism.
See: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/unicode particularly the
"Unicode Literals in Python Source Code" section. 




From brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk  Tue Jul 18 07:51:38 2006
From: brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk (Brian Elmegaard)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:51:38 +0200
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
Message-ID: <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>

Brian Elmegaard <brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk> writes:

At least it was clumsy to post a wrong example.
This shows what = find clumsy.

c=1
x=2

l=list()
l.append(dict())
l[0][5]=0

l.append(dict())

for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
######### Can this be written better?
    if a+c in l[-1]:
        if l[-1][a+c]<x+e:
            l[-1][a+c]=x+e
    else:
        l[-1][a+c]=x+e
#########

print l


> Hi 
>
> I have written the following which works, but I would like to write it
> less clumsy. I have a dictionary in which I loop through the keys for
> a dynamic programming algorithm. If a key is present I test if its
> value is better than the current, if it is not present I just create
> it. Would it be possible to write it more compact?
>
> ###############3
> c=1
> s=8
> x=2
>
> l=list()
> l.append(dict())
> l[0][5]=0
>
> l.append(dict())
>
> for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
>     if a+c<s: ##### Can this improved?
>         if a+c in l[-1]: #####
>             if l[-1][a+c]<x+e: #####
>                 l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
>             else: #####
>                 l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
> print l
> #####################
>
> tia,
> -- 
> Brian (remove the sport for mail)
> http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
> Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk

-- 
Brian (remove the sport for mail)
http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk


From nick at craig-wood.com  Mon Jul 17 06:30:04 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 05:30:04 -0500
Subject: time.clock()
References: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
	<e98iah$krh$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <slrnebmnr7.e7k.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Benjamin Niemann <pink at odahoda.de> wrote:
>  Tobiah wrote:
> > On Unix...
>  What you want sound like the 'wall clock' time. The CPU time is the time
>  that the CPU spent on executing your process. And unless the process uses
>  100% of the CPU, CPU time will appear to be 'slower' than the wall clock.
>  In your little program above the CPU spent about one third of the time on
>  this process and the rest is used for other processes (e.g. updating the
>  display).
> 
>  What you need is time.time(), if its precision is sufficient.

In linux at least time.time() has microsecond precision.

>>> for i in range(10): print "%20.6f" % time.time()
... 
   1153130111.566463
   1153130111.566513
   1153130111.566535
   1153130111.566557
   1153130111.566578
   1153130111.566601
   1153130111.566621
   1153130111.566644
   1153130111.566665
   1153130111.566686

Wheras time.clock() only has 10 ms precision

>>> for i in range(10): print "%20.6f" % time.clock()
... 
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000
            1.770000

time.clock() is elapsed cpu time of just that process.

I think the precisions are the other way round on windows.

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 13:37:32 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 11:37:32 -0600
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Gregory Guthrie wrote:
> For example,
>    - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says len(w).

Why would ``x.len()`` be any more convenient than ``len(x)``? Your 
preference here seems pretty arbitrary.

>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
> 
>     This would allow things like:
>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )

Use sorted():

     key = ','.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))


>    - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for 
> dictionaries, and more += like operations;
>    For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
>         dict[key] += [word]

Get Python 2.5 and use collections.defaultdict:

Python 2.5a2 (trunk:46491M, May 27 2006, 14:43:55) [MSC v.1310 32 bit 
(Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> import collections
 >>> d = collections.defaultdict(int)
 >>> d['a'] += 5
 >>> d['b'] += 2
 >>> d
defaultdict(<type 'int'>, {'a': 5, 'b': 2})

STeVe


From chenhouwu at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:24:31 2006
From: chenhouwu at gmail.com (Chen Houwu)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:24:31 -0700
Subject: error occurs when using wmi module in child thread
In-Reply-To: <1152623974.210055.283100@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152622354.057564.105300@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152623974.210055.283100@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152624271.578413.268600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

thanks to solve my big problem :-)
I will try it later.



From originalbrownster at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 22:59:25 2006
From: originalbrownster at gmail.com (OriginalBrownster)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:59:25 -0700
Subject: Zipping Files to user defined Directory
Message-ID: <1154055565.502991.252710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi There.

I'm very new to python, and I have been using the TurboGears Framework
to use python to power my application.

I have a class which handles the upload of a file to a directory called
"uploads", which is hosted on a server.

my problems is that when I want to download that file from the server I
want to zip the files selected. but how does a user specify where they
want to save that file?.

I the user will be selecting the files they want to download and I want
to zip those files and let the user save it.

I want to know how to let the user specify where to save the zipped
files.

Any ideas?..any python to help me do this?? i know i can use the
zipfile module but I can't figure out the part about letting the user
decide.

Thank you

Stephen Sandhu



From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Mon Jul  3 23:17:52 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 22:17:52 -0500
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151671605.957887.158150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151671605.957887.158150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44A9DDE0.7060405@anansispaceworks.com>

Andy Dingley <dingbat at codesmiths.com> wrote:
>  Simon Forman wrote:
>
> > There's more to it, but that's the basic idea.
>
>  This much I knew, but _why_ and _when_ would I choose to use list
>  comprehension (for good Python style), rather than using a simple
>  "traditional" loop ?

They are a very compact way of constructing a modified list. I also
find them clearer than the older way of doing "functional" filtering.

So, for example, what if I had a set of objects which all use a 'name'
attribute for some kind of tagging.  I could collect all the names in
a list comprehension:

names = [ob.name for ob in my_objects_list]

or only the names of the ones which also have a 'portal' attribute:

names = [ob.name for ob in my_objects_list if hasattr(ob, 'portal')]

or get the names in "all caps":

names = [ob.name.upper() for ob in my_objects_list]

without cluttering up my code with many lines of loop processing
code that doesn't really do much of significance.  I.e. if it's just routine
transformations, then list comps are good style.

Complex and clever looping and manipulation should probably
be spelled out instead, so the reader can follow in more detail
what you're doing.  List comps are a useful short hand when you
want to say "Oh, and just capitalize all the results so they look
prettier on output" (please no aesthetics comments on the
capitalization, it's just a dumb example).

>  If I want to generate something that's simply ( [1] + [2] + [3]+... )
>  then list comprehension is obviously the tool of choice. I suspect
>  though that there's more to it than this. Is list comprehension also
>  treatable as a sneaky concise formulation for nested lists, where
>  they're as much about selection of individual elements, so much as
>  concatenation of the sequence?

IMHO, nested list comps are pretty hard to read. Handle with care.

>  What happens if a comprehension has side effects, such as from
>  calling a function within it? Is this regarded as good or bad coding
>  style? Is it evil (as structured programming would claim) or is it a
>  concise formulation for an iterator or visitor pattern ?

My opinion is that it's fairly evil.  I'd spell out anything complicated
or tricky.

Remember that a list-comp doesn't really save you that much space,
and that if you have to split the list comp over more than one line,
that it becomes even less readable.

I think the thing about list comps is that they are easy to ignore or
skip over as less important elements of the code. So if you hide
something in a list comp, it's a bit like hiding stuff in the fine print
on a legal document. Or putting something only in an equation or
figure of a scientific paper without covering it in the main flow of
the text.  List comps are for incidental stuff that's intrinsically
obvious in meaning (or about which the reader needn't be concerned
with the meaning).

One nice thing about them, as one-liners: you can paste a list
comp into an interactive python session, and -- if you've set up
some test data -- you can just see what it does by trying it.

Some people have even made clever obfuscated email signatures
this way.

Cheers,
Terry


-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul  7 04:33:48 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:33:48 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <m264i9rez7.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> "Terry Reedy" <tjreedy at udel.edu> (TR) wrote:

>TR> "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
>TR> news:slrneapmfr.at1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>>> And if  Nested variables are harmfull,

>TR> I don't know if anyone said that they were, but Guido obviously does not 
>TR> think so, or he would not have added them.  So skip that.

I used that phrase (with correct spelling). I had supposed that it would
be recognised as a variation of 'Global variables considered harmful',
(William Wulf and Mary Shaw, ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 1973, 8 (2) pp. 28--34).
I think nested variables have the same troubles as global variables, so
they should be used with care.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From wesbrooks at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 04:16:04 2006
From: wesbrooks at gmail.com (Wesley Brooks)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:16:04 +0100
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153758523.757935.320080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153758523.757935.320080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eec9f8ee0607250116g7859c6fdm4483a9040335247@mail.gmail.com>

(Apollogies to fuzzylollipop for replying to them rather than the list!)

Python does have ALREADY have an OFFICAL mechanism for private members,

> prefix your names with _ or __. Both are ommited from autogenerated
> docuementation and both are OFFICALLY not supposed to be used.
>

Could you elaborate on that a little or point me in the right direction to
read up on it? I'm currently re-writing a large lump of my coding and trying
to use best practice. I thought it was considered good practice to make
stuff private (in this case using __ ) that wasn't intened to be accessed
from outside the function/class?

Cheers for your help.

Wesley Brooks.
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From claird at lairds.us  Sat Jul 15 16:35:46 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 20:35:46 +0000
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152958899.101978.137740@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<n72dnUxdH493tSTZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <260oo3-5i7.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <n72dnUxdH493tSTZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d at comcast.com>,
Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
>Yes, I mean Lua, not Loa  :-p
>
>Lua is a nice language. Like you said, it doesn't have many libraries
>as Python does. Plus, it's still evolving and the libraries are changing.
>I found a few functions not working last time I tried kepler libraries.
>It's good for embedded systems though because of its small footprint.
>Extensions implemented in C makes it possible that the installation size
>doesn't blow up when new stuff is added, like in Python.
>
>But I still like Python better for its power and for the style of the 
>language
>itself. And I was hoping to find a Python implementation that bears the
>principles of Lua to make it suitable for embedded systems :)
>
>>> PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
>>> Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough.
>
>>You mean Lua ? Not powerful enough ? What do you mean by
>>that ? Lua is great IMHO. Sure it does not come with thousands
>>of libraries, but the language design is extremely clean, the
>>language constructs powerful and the footprint very small.
>
>>16kloc of C code can't hurt your embedded device can they ? ;)
>
>>Please tell us what kind of limitation you find in Lua ...
			.
			.
			.
PHP is about as bad a choice as there is for this domain.
Let's talk about it some other time.

The usual contestants are Forth, Lua, Tcl, and various Lisps.  
Python could play quite well at least in some situations, but
entirely no one has done much since 1.5.2 times (which doesn't
seem to me like a long time).

If you're to the point of sniffing at Lua's relative poverty
of libraries, you need to detail your requirements more pre-
cisely.  What's "small" and "embedded" to some people is a 
full-featured host to others.  Generally speaking, yes, Lua
is still advancing significantly, or, from a different per-
spective, it hasn't stabilized yet.  The point is that there's
necessarily no "Pareto optimizer" which is simultaneously
smallest, fastest, newest, most mature, most Unicode-aware,
most featureful, lowest-level, highest-level, ...  That's why
there's a point to the engineering we do here.


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 03:10:04 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 00:10:04 -0700
Subject: type comparison and wxpython
References: <Xns97FCA9E6F7C73borrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>
Message-ID: <1152515403.927220.192890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

borris wrote:
> ive been trying to do a test for type with wxpython objects
>
> like
>
> passing in a wx.TextCtrl into
>
> def XXX(obj)
>  if type(obj) is type(self.Button)
>
> I have to make an object self.Button to get its type.
> as I tried   is type("wx.Button") which didnt work.

type("wx.Button") would return <type 'str'>, did you mean
type(wx.Button)?  That still wouldn't be what you wanted..  For
"classic" classes type() returns <type 'classobj'>; for new style
classes it returns <type 'type'>


Assuming that wx.Button is the class of your Button objects then what
you want is the isinstance() function.

if isinstance(obj, wx.Button):


>>> help(isinstance)
Help on built-in function isinstance in module __builtin__:

isinstance(...)
    isinstance(object, class-or-type-or-tuple) -> bool

Return whether an object is an instance of a class or of a subclass
thereof.
With a type as second argument, return whether that is the object's
type.
The form using a tuple, isinstance(x, (A, B, ...)), is a shortcut for
isinstance(x, A) or isinstance(x, B) or ... (etc.).




>
> trouble is the button must have a parent, which appears on the frame (Ill
> try to get rid of it)
>
> but I should be able to use text to set the type
> Ive tried "wx._controls.TextCtrl" which didnt work

huh?

>
> any hints welcome
>
> btw Im newbie to python, coming from Java and I reckon its cool and sleek
> and coming from java Swing, I reckon wxPython is probably better



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Mon Jul 10 11:15:27 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 01:15:27 +1000
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.10.15.15.27.63750@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:27:03 +0200, Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

>> Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.
>> I understand why strings need to be immutable in order to work with dicts,
>> but is there any reason why (hypothetical) mutable strings should be
>> avoided in situations where they aren't needed as dictionary keys? Python
>> has mutable lists and immutable tuples, mutable sets and immutable frozen
>> sets, but no mutable string type.
> 
> What's wrong about arrays of chars?

Nice suggestion. However, I should point out that the methods available to
array.array('c') are quite limited compared to the methods available to
strings. Still, it would make a good basis to start with, and far better
than my initial thought of a list of chars.


-- 
Steven.



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 19 06:04:28 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:04:28 +0200
Subject: need help getting xml feed from a url
In-Reply-To: <1153255587.490673.274050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153255587.490673.274050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be03ae$0$10518$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Shan wrote:
> If i have a list of urls how can I extract or pull their respective xml
> feeds?

    from lxml import etree
    feeds = []
    for url in my_url_list:
        feeds.append( etree.parse(url) )

For the rest, find out about the ElementTree API.

Stefan


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 20:16:05 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:16:05 -0500
Subject: under naming
In-Reply-To: <2072040.AkYPXqRsz6@teancum>
References: <2072040.AkYPXqRsz6@teancum>
Message-ID: <eam6fn$our$1@sea.gmane.org>

David Bear wrote:
> I must have missed reading something important about naming conventions.
> 
> I have found that if I have a python module where I have an identifier named
> with a beginning underscore that I cannot use from module import * to make
> that name available in another module.
> 
> for example,
> module A
> 
> _myvar = 'a local var'
> 
> module B
> from A import *
> 
> _myvar -- is not available.
> 
> Is this in a pep somewhere ?

No; this has been a feature since before the time of PEPs. However, it is 
documented here:

   http://docs.python.org/ref/import.html

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From paul at alanweberassociates.com  Sun Jul 16 13:19:05 2006
From: paul at alanweberassociates.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 12:19:05 -0500
Subject: Regular Expression problem
In-Reply-To: <759fdc8f0607160352l295b9969x3f74abad1ef69862@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <003801c6a8fb$f22ad9b0$a8013b0a@awa1>

> 
> Less is more:
> 
> pat = re.compile(r'href="([^"]+)')
> pat.search(your_link)
> 
> 

Be sure to also catch:

<link type="text/css" HREF="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet"> 
<link type="text/css" href=mystylesheet.css rel="stylesheet"> 
<link type='text/css' href='mystylesheet.css' rel='stylesheet'> 

And it's not certain whether the OP is interested in tags like:

<a href="blah.html">

-- Paul



From zetalimit at charter.net  Thu Jul 27 22:06:12 2006
From: zetalimit at charter.net (switzerland qunatium computer)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:06:12 -0700
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
Message-ID: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
Body: 	HERE I BUILD ONE FOR YOU

1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing
2.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing

NOW ALL YOU NEED AS ARTIFICAIL INTELLGENCE PYTHON LISP OR PROLONG AND
.......
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) to distinguish from less
ambitious AI projects. As yet, researchers have devoted little
attention to AGI, many claiming intelligence is too complex to be
completely replicated

AFTER WE STARTED THINKING FOR YOU IT BECAME OUR WORLD WE'LL THEN THERE
IS QUNATIUM AI A MIXTURE OF
AGI AND OPTICAL QUNATIUM COMPUTER INSTANIOUS QUNATIUM COMPUTING AND
SPAWN'S A THOUGHT ABOVE ALL TIME AND ALL THOUGHTS BREAK THRE THE PSI
REALM OF TIME VOLUME AND SPACE AND SPEED USING A INFINITE MAGENTIC
FIELD!!! QUNATIUM AI NOW YOU HAVE A MATRIX - MODEL IT AFTER THE MOVIE
THE .....THE 13 FLOOR




http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence




Optical Quantum computing Information encoded in a laser moves faster
than time! So if someone triangled 3 satelight in orbit. Someone could:

1.Download the whole internet from space from the future.
2.See the future of the global climate for prediction.
3.Have advanced satelight Images on movement of troops.
4.See the future of mars and predict wars.
they could do all this with out even getting in a time machine the big
eye in the sky would it be nice to see the future of space travel
And the price tag for building a system like this would run really low.
combine this data base with my website on all breakthrew on the
internet
for the next 500 years You would be able to compute to infinite
If you think this is science fiction Look up optical physcis and the
speed of informatiom has been found to move faster than time.
If you remeber NASA was testing this theroy Two months ago!! Combine
this information with teleportation and you have the Most powerful
thing one can own "All the information". Read COMPUTING TO INFINTE
KNOWING THE OUT COME OF EVERYTHING.

The Theory of everything is the quantum address of everything that is
in our universe. Outside and inside of all that is contained there in.
It is the physics and mathematical equations that surround everything
in the multi-dimensional physical world. One might find how all the
elements are interchangeable and are multi-dimensional and finding the
other side of physics and the mathematic equations that we cannot see
or detect because our consciousness cannot find it, finding this would
be the greatest discovery of the human race. What lies Beyond Quantum
Physics and how do we get there. Is the key magnetic Frequency's ? but
the amount of energy it would take would be more than just at the
atomic level or sub-atomic level. One day In the future a person may
find a multi-dimensional, multi-time, multi-universe. The problem with
finding it is a realm of that we cannot see, is finding what we cannot
detected. Finding the other side of quantum physics will be the future
goal of human exploration. Our universe started with one wave length of
light and an anti-wave length then magnetism and gravity they where
changed to form all matter : Wave Length - Gravity -Light - mass - Wave
Lengths.( THEY ARE ALL INTERCHANGEABLE )"



From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 05:19:12 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:19:12 +0100
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130219n72a8357eyd2b92ca5a38d500a@mail.gmail.com>

On 12 Jul 2006 11:14:43 -0700, John Henry <john106henry at hotmail.com> wrote:
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
>
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

min(logflags)

I feel dirty now. ;-)

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From ruibalp at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:23:42 2006
From: ruibalp at gmail.com (ruibalp at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:23:42 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8076.1152716292.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8076.1152716292.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152728622.034358.246220@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Pretty sure he meant 1.5.1.

Found the documentation for the program he's using here:
http://www.hpcu.uq.edu.au/Manuals/MSC/msc/docs/marc/python/python_manual.pdf


It looks like the PyTensor object *should* have .xx, .xy, etc
properties, but they may be accessible through a matrix, i.e. .t(i,j)



From mirandacascade at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 16 14:12:30 2006
From: mirandacascade at yahoo.com (mirandacascade at yahoo.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 11:12:30 -0700
Subject: insert method in ElementTree
Message-ID: <1153073550.140238.70060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

O/S: Win2K
Vsn of Python: 2.4

Example:

<a>
  <b createAnotherWhenCondition="x">
    <c>text for c</c>
    <d>text for d</d>
  </b>
  <e>
    <f>text for f</f>
    <g>text for g</g>>
  </e>
  <h>
    <i>text for i</i>
    <j createAnotherWhenCondition="y">
      <k>text for k</k>
      <l>text for l</l>
    </j>
    <m>text for m</m>
  </h>
</a>

Python script reads XML document above into ElementTree. The script
outputs an XML document that is based on the XML document above.  The
output XML will contain all of the elements in the XML document above.
If there is a parent element that does not have the
createAnotherWhencondition attribute, then that element and its
descendants will be part of the output XML.  If there is a parent
element with atribute createAnotherWhenCondition and that condition is
true, then the output XML should contain another instance of the parent
element below the original instance.  For example if x were true when
the script ran, the output XML document would be:

<a>
  <b>
    <c>text for c</c>
    <d>text for d</d>
  </b>
  <b>
    <c>text for c</c>
    <d>text for d</d>
  </b>
  <e>
    <f>text for f</f>
    <g>text for g</g>>
  </e>
  <h>
    <i>text for i</i>
    <j>
      <k>text for k</k>
      <l>text for l</l>
    </j>
    <m>text for m></m>
  </h>
</a>

The example attempts to illustrate that the createAnotherWhenCondition
attribute may appear in parent elements that are at different levels in
the hierarchy; the <b> element is at the 2nd level in the hierarchy,
and the <j> element is at the 3rd level.  There will never be
'nesting', i.e. a parent element with the
createAnotherWhenCondition attribute that is a descendant of a parent
element with a createAnotherWhenCondition attribute.

I'm pretty sure I can figure out how to create the output XML by
creating a second XML document.  It would be created by iterating
through the input XML.  When a new element is encountered, an element
or subelement would be created in the output XML.  When a parent
element with the createAnotherWhenCondition is encountered and that
condition is true, I think I can figure out how to propagate another
instance of that parent element and all its descendants.

My request for advice is this: instead of creating a second XML
document that represents the output, would it be possible to expand the
input XML document as needed?  I was thinking that the program could
iterate through all the elements.  As it is iterating, it would check
for the createAnotherWhenCondition attribute.  If encountered and if
the condition were true, the program would:
- make a copy of the parent element (perhaps with copy.copy)
- use the insert method to insert the just-created copy
Where I'm struggling is figuring out what the index argument should
be in the insert method.  Using the example above

# assume rootElement is the root of the input XML
xList = rootElement.getiterator()
idx = 0
for x in xList:
	# mix of pseudo-code and Python code
	if (this element has createAnotherWhenCondition attribute)
                    and
         (y is true):
		jcopy = copy.copy(x)
		??.insert(??, jcopy)
	idx = idx + 1

If the program were run when y was true, then I believe it would
encounter the <j> element when idx has a value of 9.  Conceptually, I
think that jcopy should be inserted after the <j> element and before
the <m> element.  But I'm not sure that 9 (the index in the list
created from rootElement.getiterator()) has any relevance for this
insert task.  Assuming that I want to insert jcopy after the <j>
element and before the <m> element:
a) would the insert need to be done relative to the <h> element, which
is the parent of <j>
b) if so, would the index argument in the insert method be relative
index within the <h> element?



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 04:45:17 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 10:45:17 +0200
Subject: Tkinter and dialogs
References: <44ac4a4c$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.08.45.16.373704@gmx.net>

In <44ac4a4c$1 at usenet01.boi.hp.com>, dwelch91 wrote:

> When I run this (Ubuntu 6.06), I get no windows, not even the root Tk one.
> 
> Any ideas???
> 
> [?]
>
> global root
> root = Tk()
> root.after_idle(show_ui)
> root.mainloop()

What is this `after_idle()` call supposed to do?  The main loop isn't
running yet.  If you just call `show_ui()` you should get some windows.

The ``global`` is unnecessary by the way.  It even generates a warning:

test.py:0: SyntaxWarning: name 'root' is assigned to before global
declaration

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From miker2 at optusnet.com.au  Thu Jul 27 03:52:12 2006
From: miker2 at optusnet.com.au (miker2 at optusnet.com.au)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:52:12 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> > HI,
> >
> > I'm having trouble writing to a MySql db using python and the MySQLdb
> > module. Here is the code:
> >
> > import MySQLdb
> > base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> > db="test_py")
> > cursor = base.cursor()
> > cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")
>
> I've never used MySQL but they're all much the same --
> "table" is a reserved word. What is "int" supposed to be? That's not
> valid SQL AFAIK. Is that exactly what you typed? Or are you coyly
> obfuscating?
>
> Try this:
>     cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (42)")
> or better,
>     somevar = 42
>     cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (?)",
> (somevar,))
> even better, read the docs and look at the examples :-)
>
>
> >
> > this does not work
>
> ... and the error message was ... what? If it's not a state secret, how
> about divulging it?
>
>
> > but the interesting thing is, there is an
> > AUTO_INCREMENT
> > field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
> >                                    auto  table
> >                                     1    |    90
> >                                     2    |    32
> >
> > and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> > add
> > another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
> >
> > python entries:
> >                        auto    table
> >                          1    |    90
> >                          2    |    32
> >                          6    |    47
>
> Evidently it's committed the auto increment before it decides that it
> doesn't like your SQL or whatever. Read the warranty card that came
> with the autoincrementer gizmoid; you won't find "continuous" or "no
> gaps" mentioned anywhere.
>
> > please tell me what i am doing wrong.
>
> Inter alia, not giving enough clear unambiguous info about what your
> problem really is.
>
> Cheers,
> John


sorry guys...

forget about the auto incrementer for a second.

the entry is not being recorded. that is my problem. the script does
not work. thanks.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 14:55:50 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 11:55:50 -0700
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
References: <mailman.8580.1153939983.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153940149.926394.319040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Hello:
>
>   For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> computer.
>   For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
> byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
> byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
> byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000
>   But if I try to do that with floats I get:
> >>> pi & 0xFF
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'
>
>   Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

The struct module.  (It also works for ints. ;-)  )

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-struct.html


HTH,
~Simon



From ddvlad at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 08:30:26 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 05:30:26 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
References: <1151830721.864811.27530@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1hhucd9.1faqtbqop7n8uN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1151929826.475825.246590@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Alex Martelli wrote:
<snip>

Wow, I'm new in the field, but even I know your name. It's truly
inspiring to be aswered to by you. Thank you, all of you, for your
suggestions. I will try to look into the matter using the starting
points you've given me, as well as read more about Django.

Thanks,
Vlad.



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 11 19:55:40 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 05:25:40 +0530
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <7x64i4xdnp.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>	<mailman.8035.1152635987.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x64i4xdnp.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44B43A7C.3030604@tachyontech.net>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "K.S.Sreeram" <sreeram at tachyontech.net> writes:
>> Java is not the only restricted execution environment around.
>> Javascript, as implemented by most browsers, is an excellent lightweight
>> restricted execution environment, and there are many browsers which have
>> good implementations.
> 
> And we hear about browser security bugs all the time, for which the
> workaround is "shut off javascript".

They all have bugs (including java), but atleast the architecture itself
isnt flawed (unlike say, ActiveX).

Anyways, the point I was trying to make is that, Sun is not the only one
to have implemented a restricted execution environment. Opera, Mozilla,
Safari etc,have all done it.

Regards
Sreeram



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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 09:40:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:40:52 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Carl Banks wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Carl Banks wrote:
>>
>>>Patrick Maupin wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>PTY wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
>>>>>is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
>>>>>I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
>>>>>use len() or not.
>>>>
>>>>It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:
>>>>
>>>>- For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>>>>     sequences are false.
>>>>
>>>>     Yes: if not seq:
>>>>          if seq:
>>>>
>>>>     No: if len(seq)
>>>>         if not len(seq)
>>>>
>>>>The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
>>>>scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
>>>>decision of the language.
>>>
>>>
>>>That might have made sense when Python and string, list, tuple were the
>>>only sequence types around.
>>>
>>>Nowadays, Python has all kinds of spiffy types like numpy arrays,
>>>interators, generators,
>>>etc., for which "empty sequence is false" just
>>>doesn't make sense.
>>
>>Iterators and generators are *not* sequences types. wrt/ non-builtin
>>container types, I suggest you re-read section 3.3.1 of the language
>>references:
> 
> 
> I'm aware of the semantics, thank you, and that they're as advertised
> in the docs.  It doesn't matter whether you call it a sequence or not.

Your opinion - not mine. Sequences are iterable, but not all iterables
are sequences.

> Iterables, lists, arrays, and whatever else have overlapping uses, but
> bool(obj) behaves differently for different types,

bool(obj) will mainly look for __len__(), then for __nonzero__(), then
return True. You can only call len(obj) on objects implementing
__len__(), so relying on (implicit) 'bool(obj)' is clearly more generic
than 'len(obj) > 0'.  Also, since bool(obj) will try to call
obj.__len__(), explicitely calling len(obj) doesn't make any difference.

> making it unsuitable
> for writing generic functions that might use some other types that
> aren't vanilla list, tuple, and string.

Using an explicit test against the length of an iterator or generator
*won't* work anyway, since iterators and generators are unsized. And
that's one of the reasons why the difference between sequences and
iterables does matter.

And if you want your own sequence types to be well-behaved sequence
types, just take time to implement the needed protocol(s), including
__len__().

For short: either your function expects an iterable or it expects a
sequence. If it expects an iterable, treat it as an iterable wether it
happens to be a sequence or not. If it expects a sequence, it obviously
won't work with a non-sequence.

> All I'm saying is, knowing there's lots of roughly-list-like

"roughly-list-like" ?

> types that
> don't consider "empty" to be  "false",

This means they are unsized (ie don't implement __len__).

> and that there's not reasonable
> way to get consistent behavior as to what the boolean value of such
> types is, 

I don't know what "types" you are talkink about, but seems like either
they're not designed to be treated as sequences or they are badly
implemented. In the first case, you're not using them correctly. In the
second case, send a bug report to the authors.

> it's possible that these types wouldn't even have a boolean
> value and any tests for emptiness would have to be explicit.

Yes ? How ? Calling len() on them ?-)
(hint: reread how len() and bool() works wrt/ __len__())



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:31:42 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:31:42 -0700
Subject: Here is the problem, need a fix :)
References: <1152643722.596242.241020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152646302.627855.138120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi,
> I have a Tktable object (self.table) and when I click on a row the
> whole row is selected.
>
> If I click of a button to get the row contents then
>
> self.table.curselection() fails with a traceback of:
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File
> "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py",
> line 1345, in __call__
>     return self.func(*args)
>   File "/Users/jerry/python/PyPgExplorerUni/Resources/editor.py", line
> 159, in deleteRow
>     print self.table.curselection()
>   File
> "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> line 139, in curselection
>     return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
>   File
> "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> line 106, in _getCells
>     for i in string.split(cellString):
>   File
> "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/string.py",
> line 292, in split
>     return s.split(sep, maxsplit)
> AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split'
>
> It is my reading that curselection will return the indices of the
> selected cells...
>
> Help,
>
> Jerry

looking into Tktable the curselection function is defined by:

    def curselection(self, setValue = None):
		if setValue != None:
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection', 'set', setValue)
		else:
			return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))

looking at getCells we see:

    def _getCells(self, cellString):
              #JHL
              print cellString
		res = []
		for i in string.split(cellString):
			res.append(tuple(map(int, string.split(i, ','))))
		return res

When I run my program and select a row the value of cellString is

       ('3,0', '3,1', '3,2', '3,3', '3,4', '3,5', '3,6')

Which is the correct results...( ie the "fourth" row is selected and
there are six
columns...

Unfortunately the above is *not* a string and hence the "for" statement
fails.

It is hard to believe that I am the first person to attempt to retrieve
a selection
from a Tktable object....

Am I overlooking something obvious?

Jerry



From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul 14 13:19:10 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:19:10 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
Message-ID: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
user gets to select what modules to install?

For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?

I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
Python on these systems?

If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?

PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough. 




From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 07:16:45 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:16:45 -0700
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <Ia6rg.521880$ww7.12757024@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Ia6rg.521880$ww7.12757024@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
Message-ID: <1152184604.055720.102940@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

But what about substitutions like:
'ab' > 'cd', 'ced' > 'de', etc

what is the fastest way then?


Roel Schroeven wrote:
> manstey schreef:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I often have code like this:
> >
> > data='asdfbasdf'
> > find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
> > for i in find:
> >    if i[0] in data:
> >        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
> >
> > is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> > increase the speed?
>
> I think this is best done with translate() and string.maketrans() (see
> http://docs.python.org/lib/node110.html#l2h-835 and
> http://docs.python.org/lib/string-methods.html#l2h-208). An example:
>
> import string
>
> data = 'asdfbasdf'
> translatetable = string.maketrans('asx', 'fgy')
> data = data.translate(translatetable)
> print data
>
> This results in:
>
> fgdfbfgdf
>
> --
> If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
> on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton
> 
> Roel Schroeven



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 19:19:04 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 18:19:04 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Have you considered asking on a newsgroup where your problem might
> actually be on-topic, like:
>     comp.lang.c

Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.

Regards,

Philippe



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 11:05:02 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:05:02 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> Marshall wrote:
> >
> > Okay, sure. But for the problem you describe, both imperativeness
> > and the presence of pointers is each necessary but not sufficient;
> > it is the two together that causes the problem. So it strikes
> > me (again, a very minor point) as inaccurate to describe this as
> > a problem with imperative languages per se.
> >
> > [...]
> >
> > Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
> > operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
> > for certain problems. Pointers on the other hand add nothing except
> > efficiency and a lot of confusion. They should be considered an
> > implementation technique only, hidden behind some pointerless
> > computational model.
>
> Don't get yourself distracted by the low-level notion of "pointer". The
> problem *really* is mutability and the associated notion of identity,
> which explicit pointers just exhibit on a very low level.
>
> When you have a language with mutable types (e.g. mutable arrays) then
> objects of these types have identity, which is observable through
> assignment. This is regardless of whether identity is an explicit
> concept (like it becomes with pointers and comparison of pointer values,
> i.e. addresses).

Hmmm, well, I cannot agree. You've defined away the pointers
but then slipped them back in again by assumption ("objects
of these types have identity".)

First let me say that the terminology is somewhat problematic.
For the specific issue being discussed here, pointers, identity,
and objects are all the same concept. (I agree that "pointer"
connotes a low-level construct, however.) Sometimes I think
of this issue as being one with first class variables. An object
with mutable fields is a variable, and if we have pointers or
references or any way to have two different pathways to
that object/those variables, then we run in to the aliasing problem.

However if the mutable types are not first class, then there
is no way to have the aliasing. Thus, if we do not have pointers
or objects or identity but retain mutability, there is no aliasing
problem.


> Consequently, you cannot possibly get rid of aliasing issues without
> getting rid of (unrestricted) mutability. Mutability implies object
> identity implies aliasing problems.

Mutability by itself does not imply identity. I agree that mutability
plus
identity implies aliasing problems, however.


> On the other hand, pointers are totally a futile concept without
> mutability: if everything is immutable, it is useless to distinguish
> between an object and a pointer to it.

Agreed.


> In other words, pointers are essentially just an *aspect* of mutability
> in lower-level languages.

Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
pointers/identity/objects.


Marshall



From luismgz at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 19:01:20 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 16:01:20 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>
> def doIt(name=None):
>   global gname
>   if name is None:
>     name = gname
>   else:
>     gname = name
>

Sorry for this very basic question, but I don't understand why I should
add the global into the function body before using it.
This function works even if I don't add the global.
Just to try this out, I wrote this variant:

gname = 'Luis'

def doIt2(name=None):
	if name is None:
		name = gname
	return name

print doIt2()  --> returns Luis.

So, what's the point of writing the function this way instead?

def doIt2(name=None):
        global gname
	if name is None:
		name = gname
	return name


luis



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:35:20 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:35:20 +0200
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

John Machin wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>John Machin wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>
>>>Which pieces of the following seem to be working to you?
>>
>>John, it seems you failed to notice the use of "may" and "seems" in my
>>post. IIRC, both are supposed to strongly suggest a lack of certitude.
>>
> 
> I didn't fail to notice that you were seeming. Re-read my question:
> It's asking you which bits you were seeming.

OP problem:
age = (date.today() - born).year

Possible solution:

import mx.DateTime as dt
def age(date):
    return dt.Age(dt.today(), date).years
born = dt.Date(1967, 5, 1)
assert age(born) == 39



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Fri Jul 21 12:49:01 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 18:49:01 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.21.16.49.00.782390@yahoo.fr>

Le Fri, 21 Jul 2006 07:51:15 -0700, T a ?crit?:

> 
> I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
> to an instance of another class:
> 
> 
> 
> # Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
> foo = Parse_Option()
> 
> # Class that does the real work
> bar = Processor()
> 
> bar.index = foo.options.index
> bar.output  = foo.options.output
> bar.run()
> 
> 
> 
> This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
> class to another.  Isn't there a better way???

I don't know what both classes do, but can this be a solution ?


class Processor(Parse_Option)
	self.index = self.option.index
	self.output = self.option.output

    def run(self):
	# code

bar.run()


Rony



From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 20 11:14:49 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:14:49 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>

Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:

> John Machin wrote:
> >
> > range() and xrange() are functions. You are suggesting that 2
> > *functions* should acquire a __contains__ method each? I trust not.
> 
> Well, range is a function in the current implementation, although its
> usage is similar to that one would get if it were a class, particularly
> a subclass of list or one providing a list-style interface. With such a
> class, you could provide a __contains__ method which could answer the
> question of what the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed
> by a range (in contrast to a normal list).

You'd also have to override just about every mutating method to switch
back to a "normal" __contains__ (or change self's type on the fly) -- a
pretty heavy price to pay.

I have often noticed that subclassing list, dict and maybe set has this
kind of issue: the need to track every possible change to the object.

Maybe a good mechanism to have for the purpose would be to add to
mutable types a "hook" method, say __mutator__, which gets called either
right before or right after any mutating method (there are different
tradeoffs for before-calls and after-calls), presumably passing along
the *a and **k for generality (although it might be faster for the base
case to avoid that); the base types would have a no-op implementation,
but subtypes could easily override just the hook to facilitate their
task of maintaining extra state (could be as little as a per-instance
flag recording whether the object is guaranteed to be still "pristine").
At C level, that might be an extra slot tp_mutator, left NULL in base
types to indicate "no mutator-hook method implemented here".

Like any other addition of, or change to, functionality, this would of
course be a proposal for 2.6, since 2.5 is feature-frozen now.


Alex


From aleax at mac.com  Sat Jul  1 13:22:06 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 10:22:06 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhsjox.17lrcqk75qcu3N%aleax@mac.com>

madpython <madpython at gmail.com> wrote:

> For the pure theory sake and mind expansion i got a question.
> Experimenting with __new__ i found out how to create a singleton.
> class SingleStr(object):
>     def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
>         instance=cls.__dict__.get('instance')
>         if instance:
>             return instance
>         cls.instance=object.__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
>         return cls.instance
> 
> What if i need to create no more than 5 (for example) instances of a

And what if somebody asks for a 6th one -- raise an exception?  or
return a random one of the 5?  Ah well, anyway...:

> class. I guess that would be not much of a problema but there is a
> complication. If one of the instances is garbagecollected I want to be
> able to spawn another instance. Maybe it's difficult to perceive what i
> said so think of a limited number of sockets. Wherenever one is freed
> it can be captured again.

Have the class hold weak references to the instances.  E.g.:

import weakref
import random

class JustFive(object):
    _counter = 0
    _insts = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()

    def __new__(cls):
        if len(cls._insts) < 5:
            inst = object.__new__(cls)
            inst.id = cls._counter
            cls._insts[inst] = None
            cls._counter += 1
        else:
            inst = random.choice(cls._insts.keys())
        return inst

Testing this for the specified behavior should be done more
systematically, of course, but here's a snippet based only on showing
exactly what's going on...:


if __name__ == '__main__':
    samp = [JustFive() for i in range(7)]
    def showsamp():
        for s in samp: print s.id,
        ss = set(s.id for s in samp)
        print '{',
        for s in sorted(ss): print '%d,'%s,
        print '} #%d'%len(ss)
    print 'Start with:',
    showsamp()
    for x in range(10):
        i = random.randrange(len(samp))
        print ('@%d,'%i), samp[i].id, '->',
        samp[i] = None
        newone = JustFive()
        samp[i] = newone
        print '%d,' % samp[i].id,
        showsamp()


A sample run might go, for example...:

Start with: 0 1 2 3 4 4 1 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } #5
@0, 0 -> 5, 5 1 2 3 4 4 1 { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, } #5
@1, 1 -> 3, 5 3 2 3 4 4 1 { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, } #5
@6, 1 -> 6, 5 3 2 3 4 4 6 { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, } #5
@2, 2 -> 7, 5 3 7 3 4 4 6 { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, } #5
@4, 4 -> 7, 5 3 7 3 7 4 6 { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, } #5
@4, 7 -> 6, 5 3 7 3 6 4 6 { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, } #5
@1, 3 -> 7, 5 7 7 3 6 4 6 { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, } #5
@3, 3 -> 8, 5 7 7 8 6 4 6 { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, } #5
@6, 6 -> 5, 5 7 7 8 6 4 5 { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, } #5
@2, 7 -> 6, 5 7 6 8 6 4 5 { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, } #5

and the point is that the sample always has a set of objects with
exactly 5 separate id values, but the set "migrates" upwards as some
objects happen to be dropped.  Well, not always "upwards" as smoothly as
luck would have it in this case, e.g., another run goes:

Start with: 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } #5
@1, 1 -> 3, 0 3 2 3 4 1 2 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } #5
@2, 2 -> 4, 0 3 4 3 4 1 2 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } #5
@3, 3 -> 1, 0 3 4 1 4 1 2 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, } #5
@1, 3 -> 5, 0 5 4 1 4 1 2 { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, } #5
@5, 1 -> 5, 0 5 4 1 4 5 2 { 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, } #5
@6, 2 -> 6, 0 5 4 1 4 5 6 { 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, } #5
@2, 4 -> 1, 0 5 1 1 4 5 6 { 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, } #5
@4, 4 -> 7, 0 5 1 1 7 5 6 { 0, 1, 5, 6, 7, } #5
@6, 6 -> 8, 0 5 1 1 7 5 8 { 0, 1, 5, 7, 8, } #5
@3, 1 -> 8, 0 5 1 8 7 5 8 { 0, 1, 5, 7, 8, } #5

here, the objects with ids 0 and 1 just never happen to get dropped.


Alex


From eurleif at ecritters.biz  Tue Jul 18 03:31:44 2006
From: eurleif at ecritters.biz (Leif K-Brooks)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 03:31:44 -0400
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc8e58$0$3676$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>

danielx wrote:
> This is still a little bit of magic, which gets me thinking again about
> the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> and unexpected in my case, why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> privates? Privates don't have to be entirely absent from Klass.__dict__
> (which would make Python not introspective); they can just be invisible
> when using the dot-syntax.

You can do this now, kind of:

 >>> class Foo(object):
...  x = property()
...  def doStuffWithX(self):
...   self.__dict__['x'] = 123
...   print self.__dict__['x']
...
 >>> bar = Foo()
 >>> bar.doStuffWithX()
123
 >>> bar.x
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: unreadable attribute

If you're proposing that self.x and bar.x should give different results, 
then that's quite a bit more magic than property() and methods use. They 
both use the descriptor API; for more information on that, read 
<http://python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/>.


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Thu Jul 20 15:24:25 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 15:24:25 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net><mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8306.1153248693.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebs290.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8347.1153326862.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebulr5.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e9ol9a$3nf$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrnebulr5.6ig.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> On 2006-07-19, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>>
>> But I won't.  The amount of duplication that can be factored out with
>> augmented assignment depends on the granularity of operations.
>
> I can agree with that. But until now each time I tried to
> suggest that the STORE_SUBSCR or __setitem__ are involved
> in the evaluation of the target, I was told I shouldn't
> look at things that way.

I don't think that I have said that, but only that a 'pragmatic' definition 
is 'what actually is factored out'.

>> And the
>> granularity of operations depends on the interpreter.  Hence my claim 
>> that
>> the details are necessarily interpreter dependent.
>
> Well my impression from reading the language reference is that
> it suggests that a greater amount of duplication is factored out
> than the granularity of the CPython implementation allows.

Perhaps all that is meant to be promised is that function calls are not 
duplicated, but if so, that could be much clearer.  I would have to look at 
more different types of expressions and their corresponding byte code 
before suggesting anything particular.

> I would like to thank everybody for their contributions, but I
> think everything worth while has been said, so I will no longer
> contribute to this thread.

Agreed.

Terry Jan Reedy





From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 20:43:06 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 17:43:06 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152837786.481378.101580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

John Blogger wrote:
> That I want a particular tag value of one of my HTML files.
>
> ie: I want only the value after 'href=' in the tag >>
>
> '<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">'
>
> here it would be 'mystylesheet.css'. I used the following regex to get
> this value(I dont know if it is good).

No matter how good it is you should still use something that
understands html:

>>> from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
>>> html='<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">'
>>> page=BeautifulSoup(html)
>>> page.link.get('href')
'mystylesheet.css'

-- 
- Justin



From sukanta.hazra at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:10:24 2006
From: sukanta.hazra at gmail.com (Sukanta)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 14:10:24 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151961024.634768.205010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

thorley at gmail.com wrote:
> Greetings, since there was no reponse to my previous post about an
> existing FastCGI server in python, I've taken to writing my own. (which
> of course I'll share--*if* there's something to share ;)
>
> My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
> socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
> packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.
>
> socket.send, as best I can tell, will only send strings. I've read on
> the list other conversations where the recommendation was to use xdrlib
> or struct. But it appears that is only useful when you control the
> client and the server. PLEASE correct me if I'm wrong, but using struct
> just encodes the binary data as a string, right?
>
> # Example sending binary data as a string
> s = socket.socket()
> s.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8000))
> packet = struct.pack('4B', 1, 2, 3, 4)
> s.send(packet)
>
> In my understaing the above just sends the string '\x01\x02\x03\x04',
> not raw binary data. I've looked at Billy the Kid and pcap, which are
> cool but not what I need.
>

It will send the 4 bytes, binary, and not the string as you assumed. If
you want to satisfy yourself, run tcpdump (or ethereal) to observe what
is being sent.


> Do I have to build my own packets from scratch and encode all the
> TCP/IP headers myself to get this to work?
>
> Solutions and Corrections welcome and appreciated.
> Thanks very much
> 
> --
> matthew



From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 09:36:30 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 06:36:30 -0700
Subject: regular expression - matches
Message-ID: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

how can i determine if a given character sequence matches my regex,
completely?

in java for example I can do,
Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(input).matches()

this returns True/False whether or not input matches the regex
completely.

is there a matches in python?



From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 07:04:58 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:04:58 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153307098.874281.248600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Christophe wrote:
> ... you haven't beed using enouth generator expressions ...

You should get yourself to the doctors about that cold dude. :-)



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:01:57 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (vatamane at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:01:57 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

This has been bothering me for a while. Just want to find out if it
just me or perhaps others have thought of this too: Why shouldn't the
keyset of a dictionary be represented as a set instead of a list? I
know that sets were introduced a lot later and lists/dictionaries were
used instead but I think "the only correct way" now is for the
dictionary keys and values to be sets. Presently {1:0,2:0,3:0}.keys()
will produce [1,2,3] but it could also produce [3,1,2] or [3,2,1] on a
different machine architecture. The Python documentation states that:
"""
Keys and values are listed in an _arbitrary_(my emphasis) order which
is non-random, varies across Python implementations, and depends on the
dictionary's history of insertions and deletions.
"""

So on the same machine it will be the case that:  {1:0, 2:0,
3:0}.keys() == {3:0, 2:0, 1:0}.keys() is True. But if there are 2 lists
of keys of the same dictionary, one is pickled on another machine, with
a different "arbitrary non-random" ordering, then the keys will not be
equal to each other. It seems like the problem could be solved by
returning a set instead.

The same thing goes for the values(). Here most people will argue that
values are not necessarily unique, so a list is more appropriate, but
in fact the values are unique it is just that more than one key could
map to the same value.  What is 'seen' in dictionary is the mapping
rule.  Also the values are not ordered and should not be indexable --
they should be a set. Just as  the keys(), one ordered list of values
from a dictionary on one machine will not necessarily be equal to
another list of values an on another machine, while in fact, they
should be.

On a more fundamental and general level, a dictionary is actually an
explicit function, also called a 'map'. A set of keys, traditionally
called a 'domain' are mapped to a set of values, traditionally called a
'range'. This mapping produces at most a surjective function (i.e. two
or more keys can map to same value and all the values are mapped to by
some keys).  Notice that the traditional counterparts to keys and
values are sets and not just lists. This seems like theory babble, but
in the case of Python staying 'true' to the theory is usually a
GoodThing(tm).

I love Python primarily because it does something in only one, correct,
and reasonable way. The same principle should probably apply to Python
itself including to its built-in data structures.

Of course the compatibilty will be broken. Any code relying on a
certain ordering of keys() or values() returned would need to be
updated. One could argue though that such code was not entirely correct
in the first place to asssume that, and should be fixed anyway.

Obviously this fix should not be in Python 2.X but perhaps would be
worth considering for Python 3000. What does everyone think?



From nmm1 at cus.cam.ac.uk  Wed Jul  5 06:31:39 2006
From: nmm1 at cus.cam.ac.uk (Nick Maclaren)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 10:31:39 GMT
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
References: <rdrqg.686$RG3.13381@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
	<WVLqg.689$RG3.13375@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
	<e8g2kh$bf$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<llMqg.690$RG3.13402@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
Message-ID: <e8g4eb$gfr$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>


In article <llMqg.690$RG3.13402 at se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>,
Mathias Waack <M.Waack at gmx.de> writes:
|> 
|> > There's 
|> > a lot of somewhat obscure mathematical stuff that got into the standard
|> > C lib. How often do you need Bessel functions?
|> 
|> Maybe each day. What is a Bessel function?;)

Some people use them all the time; there are specific physical problems 
where they are fundamental.  I have never used them, in 40 years of
wide-ranging experience in the scientific computing arena!  


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 16 07:18:17 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 13:18:17 +0200
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.16.11.18.16.872148@gmx.net>

In <WXoug.140972$771.125065 at edtnps89>, Boomshiki wrote:

> Now the big issue at hand is how well will I be able to mask my source code? 
> After all I wouldn't want some someone walking off to the bank with our hard 
> work. That and almost any 16 yr old can look at Python source and know what 
> it is talking about (I exadurate, but you get my point).
> 
> So my question is how much can Python do for me in the sense of hiding my 
> source code while still maintaining portibility?

Forget it.  And even if you can hide the source this does not stop the 16
year olds from using and spreading the software without permission from
you.

The only secure way is to put the software on a server under your control
and offer your program as web service.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:01:47 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:01:47 -0700
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7979.1152543462.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152528873.886091.232580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7979.1152543462.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152547306.981183.145580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> That's interesting, Ben.  So we'd be better off making a new library
> similiar to Pygame in functionality but designed from the ground up to
> work in a browser.

I think it depends on what is most important to you. Options available
include going with Java or Flash instead (ie. dropping Python), or
using a Jython applet (which I know nothing about), or perhaps
abandoning the browser and sticking with PyGame, etc. What are your
requirements?

> I guess that XPCOM technology that someone
> mentioned might be the way to go?

I was under the impression that XPCOM was a Mozilla-only technology; if
so, maybe that won't fit your requirements either.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de  Thu Jul 27 06:33:17 2006
From: Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de (Sibylle Koczian)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:33:17 +0200
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>

John Machin schrieb:
> 
> BTW, if the script doesn't contain
> 
>     base.commit()
> 
> somewhere, take yourself out to the back lane and give yourself a good
> thumping :-)

That's not really fair, because transactions were added to MySQL only a
short time ago (at least to the default table type). There simply hasn't
yet been time for every experienced MySQL user to get hit by the need to
commit things.

-- 
Dr. Sibylle Koczian
Universitaetsbibliothek, Abt. Naturwiss.
D-86135 Augsburg
e-mail : Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.DE


From get_moumita at yahoo.co.in  Wed Jul 12 08:46:37 2006
From: get_moumita at yahoo.co.in (moumita)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:46:37 -0700
Subject: pygtk crashing when using gtkmozembed
Message-ID: <1152708397.828088.172900@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

hi all,
I am trying to execute one simple program using pygtk-2.8.6 and
gnome-python-extra-2.12.It's crashing at the time of executing the
follwing instruction.
---------------------------------------------------------
 self.moz = gtkmozembed.MozEmbed()
-------------------------------------------------------
python is able to import the gtkmozembed module.
plz help.
Thanks,
Moumita



From gatti at dsdata.it  Wed Jul 19 04:31:46 2006
From: gatti at dsdata.it (gatti at dsdata.it)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 01:31:46 -0700
Subject: Text Summarization
In-Reply-To: <wplvg.2142$252.1328@tornado.rdc-kc.rr.com>
References: <wplvg.2142$252.1328@tornado.rdc-kc.rr.com>
Message-ID: <1153297906.518917.82510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Jim Jones wrote:
> Is there  a Python library that would allow me to take a paragraph of text,
> and generate a one or two sentence summary of that paragraph?

There is a OTS wrapper.



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 18:20:51 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:20:51 -0600
Subject: doctest, sys.stderr, SystemExit and unused return values
Message-ID: <rf6dnaYwoaveaDvZnZ2dnUVZ_oKdnZ2d@comcast.com>

I have an optparse-like module and though I have a full unittest-style 
suite of tests for it, I'd also like to be able to run doctest on the 
documentation to make sure my examples all work.  However, I see that 
doctest (1) doesn't capture anything from sys.stderr, and (2) unlike the 
normal interpreter, generates a traceback for SystemExit.

Here's what some of my tests look like and the doctest output I get::

     ========== in my documentation ==========
     >>> parser.print_help()
     usage: PROG [-h] [-w W] [-x X [X ...]] [y] [z [z ...]]

     optional arguments:
       -h, --help    show this help message and exit
       -w W          w help
       -x X [X ...]  x help

     positional arguments:
       y             y help
       z             z help

     ========== the doctest output ==========
     Failed example:
         parser.print_help()
     Expected:
         usage: PROG [-h] [-w W] [-x X [X ...]] [y] [z [z ...]]


     ========== in my documentation ==========
     >>> parser.parse_args('xyz --b 42'.split())
     usage: PROG xyz [-h] [--x XXX] [-y] z
     PROG xyz: error: no such option: --b

     ========== the doctest output ==========
     Failed example:
         parser.parse_args('xyz --b 42'.split())
     Exception raised:
         Traceback (most recent call last):
             ...
         SystemExit: 2

Just like with optparse, calling ``print_help()`` and ``parse_args()`` 
prints to sys.stderr, and ``parse_args()`` raises SystemExit when it 
encounters an error.

Is there a way to get these tests to pass?


On a related note, my examples currently use a lot of ``_ =`` because, 
like optparse, I quite frequently don't care about the return value of 
calls to add arguments, e.g.::

     >>> parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='PROG')
     >>> _ = parser.add_optional('--foo', help='foo help')
     >>> _ = parser.add_positional('bar', help='bar help')
     >>> values = parser.parse_args('--foo spam badger'.split())
     >>> values.foo
     'spam'
     >>> values.bar
     'badger'

Is there any way to avoid having to write the ``_ =`` without getting an 
error like::

     Failed example:
         parser.add_optional('--foo', help='foo help')
     Expected nothing
     Got:
         Optional('--foo', dest='foo', action=None, ...

I don't want to include the whole Optional repr() string because it's 
long and it distracts from the point of the example.

STeVe



From mmanns at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 09:55:38 2006
From: mmanns at gmx.net (Martin Manns)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:55:38 GMT
Subject: Matplotlib eps export
Message-ID: <uruqg.96071$I61.25875@clgrps13>

Hi,

When I use matplotlib for a scatter plot with both dots and connecting lines,
the exported eps file is huge, if the distances between many points are small.
I think of this as a bug, since no preview tiff is included in the generated eps
and a variety of text processing applications (including OpenOffice) crash
when I try to import the eps. Ghostscript takes forever, too. Is there anything
that I can do in order to export reasonable eps files?

I am using:
python 2.4.2
matplotlib 0.87.2
numpy 0.9.8

with Linux

The following small example illustrates the problem:
--
import pylab,numpy,random
random.seed()
x=[random.gauss(0,1)/float(i)**2 for i in xrange(1,1000000)]
X=numpy.array(x,numpy.Float32)
pylab.plot(X[1:],X[:-1],"-", c="#eeeeee")
pylab.plot(X[1:],X[:-1],"xk")
pylab.show()
--

The resulting eps file:
-rw-r----- 1 xx users 212190257 Jul  4 09:39 image.eps

Thanks a lot in advance

Martin


From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Tue Jul 25 18:32:45 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 22:32:45 GMT
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>

John J. Lee wrote:

> The fact that "open classes" are apparently thought to be a good thing
> in Ruby puzzles (and worries) me.

This objection strikes me as having the same
nature as, "Python's lack of strong protection for
class members puzzles (and worries) me".  The Pythonic
answer to that objection is usually that this is a
feature: it lets people who know what they're doing
solve problems more easily than if they had to work
around a bunch of "helpful" protection.

Classes are effectively open in Python, too, at least
where methods are concerned, since one can do
klass.__dict__["myMethod"]=myMethod.
Though admittedly, it isn't widely advertised as a
feature of Python.

It makes sense to me to think of open classes as being
open for extension, not modification. After all, methods
added by clients are unlikely to depend on
implementation details (though I suppose they could, to
which I would say, "Don't do that").

Steve Yegge's "Opinionated Elf" is an example of a problem
that is very easy and elegant to solve with open classes,
and painful to solve when classes are closed:
http://www.cabochon.com/~stevey/blog-rants/polymorphism-fails.html

Cheers,

-- JK


From pmaupin at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:57:03 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:57:03 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153321023.751396.136950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Christophe wrote:
> > The perverse wish, expressed in the specific example, that SOME piece
> > of code SOMEWHERE should PLEASE throw an exception because some idiot
> > passed a generator expression rather than a list into a function, is
> > not apt to be well received by an audience which strives for generality
> > when it makes sense
>
> Well then, you haven't beed using enouth generator expressions or else,
> that kind of mistake would have bitten you badly by now and you would
> agree with that remark !

I use generators frequently.

> > confronted with the wished-for exception, would fix the function so
> > that it quite happily accepted generator expressions, rather than
> > changing a conditional to use len() just so that an equivalent
> > exception could happen a bit earlier.
>
> Thanks but NO. If that function needs to iterate twice on the
> expression, then it needs to iterate twice and passing it a generator
> will only cause strange bugs.

The original post did not say "this function is iterating twice over
the same data."  It only said that there might be a significant
computational cost on an empty iterator, and wished that the code would
somehow throw an exception to alert the programmer to this cost.  I
maintain that if the cost is low enough that the programmer doesn't
notice it without the exception, there is no problem, and if the cost
is high enough that the programmer notices it, the profiler would find
the problem easily.

I'm not sure why you say "Thanks but NO" to the option of fixing the
function so that it accepts generators, but in any case if you know
up-front that a function needs to iterate twice over the same data and
you are too lazy to write some code to do that for generators (such as
by creating a list object or using the tee function), then by all means
feel free to check that the data coming into the function is not a
generator.  But this is still not a good reason why, in the general
case, "if len(lst)" should be preferred over "if lst".  In fact, I'm
not sure it's a good reason to use this construct even in this specific
case.  It would be too easy for someone to "fix" this during
refactoring.  If you really want to make sure that a function can only
take objects which have __len__ methods, why not come right out and say
so:

    assert hasattr(lst, "__len__")

Regards,
Pat



From rrs at researchut.com  Fri Jul 28 13:07:26 2006
From: rrs at researchut.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 22:37:26 +0530
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <eadg8e$k5s$1@sea.gmane.org>

Duncan Booth on Thursday 27 Jul 2006 17:17 wrote:

> What you want is to use a pool of threads so that you can configure how
> many requests are issued at a time (you don't want to try to issue 100
> requests all in parallel). You can communicate with the threads through a
> Queue.
>

Thanks to both Duncan and Simon for your motivating replies. I had forgotten the
truth that the lists are a medium to learn and educate.
I hope you won't be very frustrated by my dummy questions.
 
> So if the code for a thread looks like:
> 
> def run(request, response):
> while 1:
> item = request.get()
> if item is None:
> break
> response.put(download_from_web(item))
>

This is where I'm most confused.

I have a list, lRawData which has around, say, 100 items which are read from a
file.
Currently (without threads), I iterate upon each item in the list, split the
item and then manipulate and pass it to download_from_web() to do the real
work.

I'm mainly confused in your run().
The line response.put(download_from_web(item)) is there. But if I use it, how am
I going to iterate on my list lRawData.
I'm not able to see where and how, run() or the line item = request.get() goes
into my list lRawData to get the items.

Can you please explain the functioning of the above code block.
 
> # your main loop can be something like:
> 
> requestQueue = Queue()
> responseQueue = Queue()
> thread_pool = [
> Thread(target=run, args=(requestQueue, responseQueue)
> for i in range(numthreads)]
> for t in thread_pool: t.start()

This part seems understandable.

> 
> for item in list_items:
> requestQueue.put(item)
> 
> for i in range(len(list_items)):
> response = responseQueue.get()
> handle_response(response)
>

I guess these would be clear once I'm clear on the first problem.
 
> # and then to shut down the threads when you've finished:
> for t in thread_pool:
> requestQueue.put(None)
> for t in thread_pool:
> t.join()

Thanks a lot for your replies.

Ritesh
-- 
Ritesh Raj Sarraf
RESEARCHUT - http://www.researchut.com
"Necessity is the mother of invention."
"Stealing logic from one person is plagiarism, stealing from many is research."
"The great are those who achieve the impossible, the petty are those who
cannot - rrs"



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 08:47:01 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 14:47:01 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7893.1152269104.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>	<44ae3892$0$25187$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.7893.1152269104.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44ae57c6$0$10256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>> Certainly not. Nested scopes allow closures, which allow decorators and
>> lot of *very* useful things.
> 
> 
> decorators can be trivially implemented as classes, of course.  it's a
> bit unfortunate that many people seem to think that decorators *have* to
> be implemented as nested functions, rather than arbitrary callables.

Your of course right - and I should know better since AFAIK (IOW please
correct me if I'm wrong), closures and classes are somewhat
interchangeable.

OTHO, using closures can make things far more simple - just like having
functions being objects is not absolutely necessary for having HOF-like
features, but can make HOF much more simple. If you take back all these
kind of features from Python, you end up with something that's not
really better than Java - and then me run away screaming !-)

Thanks for the correction anyway.
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Wed Jul 26 18:17:35 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 15:17:35 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
> wonder, why use threads vs processes.  So, If I have a system that has a
> large area of shared memory, which would be better?  I've been leaning
> towards threads, I'm going to say why.
>
> Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
> copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.  There's also
> a more expensive context switch between processes.  So if I have a
> system that would fork 50+ child processes my memory usage would be huge
> and I burn more cycles that I don't have to.  I understand that there
> are ways of IPC, but aren't these also more expensive?
>
> So threads seems faster and more efficient for this scenario.  That
> alone makes me want to stay with threads, but I get the feeling from
> people on this list that processes are better and that threads are over
> used.  I don't understand why, so can anyone shed any light on this?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> -carl
>
> --
>
> Carl J. Van Arsdall
> cvanarsdall at mvista.com
> Build and Release
> MontaVista Software

Carl,
 OS writers provide much more tools for debugging, tracing, changing
the priority of, sand-boxing processes than threads (in general) It
*should* be easier to get a process based solution up and running
andhave it be more robust, when compared to a threaded solution.

- Paddy (who shies away from threads in C and C++ too ;-)



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  8 10:34:50 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 07:34:50 -0700
Subject: check uploaded file's file size?
References: <_KFrg.597$HO5.34@fe07.lga>
Message-ID: <1152369290.850029.294840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

h3m4n wrote:
> i have a short script that allows users to upload files, but when i try
> to check for a valid filesize (using fileitem) i get '-1'  i can't find
> information about using filesize anywhere.  any ideas?
>
> code:
>
> form = cgi.FieldStorage()
> fileitem = form["datafile"]
> print str(fileitem.filesize)
>
> -h3m4n

Try this

fileitem.seek(0, 2)  # Seek to the end of the file.
filesize = fileitem.tell()  # Get the position of EOF.
fileitem.seek(0)  # Reset the file position to the beginning.

If the fileitem is a normal file this should work.


Peace,
~Simon



From ms at cerenity.org  Sun Jul  2 06:27:07 2006
From: ms at cerenity.org (Michael)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 11:27:07 +0100
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
References: <1151830709.064844.212860@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneaf4dc.67l.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44a79efd$0$69391$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Why use CGI when you can use a framework that's so much easier and
> more powerful?

Lots of possible answers, a few:
   * Fun
   * Transferable skills
   * No single solution is ever the answer to all problems
     (not all problems are nails, not all solutions are hammers)
   * Someone needs to understand the nuts and bolts of what's going on
   * Just because something is difficult doesn't mean its not worth doing
   * Understanding what's actually going on

But the killer answer for me really is: "Why not" :-)

Have fun :-)


Michael.



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 12:04:34 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 12:04:34 -0400
Subject: pyExcelerator - Can I read and modify an existing Excel-WorkBook?
In-Reply-To: <4uWdnU7ccvDrKC7ZnZ2dnUVZ_u-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <mailman.8024.1152627147.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4uWdnU7ccvDrKC7ZnZ2dnUVZ_u-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607110904h2b2b441dvc5b76dbbd47d42d9@mail.gmail.com>

I'm pretty sure it doesn't support reading an existing document.  That
would be useful.

On 7/11/06, Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:
> Marco Aschwanden wrote:
> >
> > Hi
> >
> > I would like to
> >   1. import an existing Excel-sheet (a template)
> >   2. and add some data to it
> >   3. and save it under a different name afterwards.
> >
> > To me it seems, that pyExcelerator does not support the reading for
> > modification of an Excel-sheet. It allows only the "parse_xls" but I
> > would like to keep the "formatting" in the template.
> >
> > Did I miss a "load", "read" or "open" function in pyExcelerator that
> > would hand me back a WorkBook?
> >
> > Greetings,
> > Marco
> >
> >
> If you are on Windows, you may find using COM interface to
> actual Excel application easier.
>
> -Larry Bates
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Tue Jul 18 13:28:32 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:28:32 -0700
Subject: statistical analysis tools in python?
References: <1152754177.889845.133820@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8095.1152756228.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e94c6r02a6l@news3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <1153243708.816368.301630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Actually, after a little looking, the simple stats.py module at
http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/Neural_Systems_Group/gary/python.html
is exactly what I needed.  It may not be as fast or as comprehensive as
scipy or R, but installation simply involves downloading the module and
importing into the code, and it has the ttests I was looking for.
Thanks,
THN

gblais at cox.net wrote:
> And there is a python interface to R, so that you can call R routines from
> Python.  R is a free stat language that has all the tests you've mentioned,
> 
> Gerry



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 00:09:45 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 21:09:45 -0700
Subject: size of an array..
Message-ID: <021301c69d8d$5aed0470$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi..

another basic question...

in the following:
#test python script
import libxml2dom
import urllib

print "hello"

turl =
"http://courses.tamu.edu/ViewSections.aspx?campus=CS&x=hvm4MX4PXIY9J8C2Dcxz5
0ncXTJdT7v2&type=M"

f = urllib.urlopen(turl)
s = f.read()
f.close()
# s contains HTML not XML text
d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
# get the community-related links
for label in
d.xpath("/html/body/table/tr/td[2]/table/tr[6]/td/table/child::tr/td[@class=
'sectionheading']/text()"):
    print label.nodeValue

print "/n/n/n/"

l =
d.xpath("/html/body/table/tr/td[2]/table/tr[6]/td/table/child::tr/td[@class=
'sectionheading']/text()")

xx = =sizeof(l)
print "test\n"
print "l = ".xx." \n"
print l[1].nodeValue
=========================================================

how do i determine the size of "l"

from the "for label in d.xpath", i assume that "d.xpath" is returning
multiple strings/objects/etc... and that label is assigned to the next
"element during the loop.

is there a way to determine the number of elements in "l", or the number of
iterations for the "for loop" prior to running it...

the tutorials i've seen as of yet haven't mentioned this..

thanks

-bruce





From vinay_sajip at yahoo.co.uk  Fri Jul 14 05:02:09 2006
From: vinay_sajip at yahoo.co.uk (Vinay Sajip)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 02:02:09 -0700
Subject: python logging module problem
References: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152867729.467998.301780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:

> When I execute the above code, logger.info()'s messages don't get
> displayed. And logger.warning()'s messages get displayed twice.
>

The warning messages are displayed twice because you have two handlers
which both output to the console.

The reason you don't get the info messages is that you haven't set a
level on the logger, so the default of WARNING is used.

It's usual to rely on logger levels and to set handler levels for
additional refinement of what goes to a particular handler's
destination.

Regards,

Vinay Sajip



From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 13:04:54 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 10:04:54 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<ldo-6B5EE3.23182303072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1hhw8ch.ah91wq1vg38nsN%aleax@mac.com>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> wrote:

> In article <44a89559 at nntp0.pdx.net>,
>  Kirk McDonald <kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> >I want to somehow, in some way, provide an iteration interface to this
> >function. Thoughts?
> 
> Run it in a separate thread/process?

Sounds best to me.  Specifically, given (e.g.) something like the OP's

def func(callback):
     for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
         callback(i)

we might have a wrapper such as:

import thread
import Queue

def wrap_cb_into_gen(func):
    q = Queue.Queue(1)           # maximum size of 1
    def callback(item):
        q.put(item)
    all_done_sentinel = object()
    def thread_skeleton():
        func(callback)
        q.put(all_done_sentinel)
    thread.start_new_thread(thread_skeleton, ())
    while True:
        item = q.get()
        if item is all_done_sentinel: break
        yield item


Of course, there are lighter-weight options than a length-1 Queue for
the purpose of synchronizing these two threads, but I always tend to
prefer Queue (for its simplicity, generality, solidity) to other
synchronization structures and architectures, unless there is some very
strong reason to do otherwise in a specific case.  Also, I normally use
module threading rather than the lower-level module thread -- here,
clearly, either one will do just fine.


Alex


From yaru22 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 23:12:08 2006
From: yaru22 at gmail.com (yaru22)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 20:12:08 -0700
Subject: a question about "return"
Message-ID: <1151982728.154138.20310@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

In one of the examples in the book I'm reading, it says:

def __init__(self):
    ...
    ...
    ...
    return

It has nothing after "return". I expected it to have some number like 0
or 1.

What does it mean to have nothing after return?

Why do we even include "return" if we are not putting any value after?

Thanks :)

Regards,

Brian



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 20:22:24 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:22:24 -0700
Subject: under naming
In-Reply-To: <2072040.AkYPXqRsz6@teancum>
References: <2072040.AkYPXqRsz6@teancum>
Message-ID: <1154391744.400901.245230@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


David Bear wrote:
> I must have missed reading something important about naming conventions.
>
> I have found that if I have a python module where I have an identifier named
> with a beginning underscore that I cannot use from module import * to make
> that name available in another module.
>
> for example,
> module A
>
> _myvar = 'a local var'
>
> module B
> from A import *
>
> _myvar -- is not available.
>
> Is this in a pep somewhere ?
> 

http://www.python.org/doc/2.4.3/ref/import.html



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 20:38:06 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:38:06 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com> <1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44C80AEE.2060607@mvista.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-26 19:08:44, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>
>   
>> Also, threading's condition and event constructs are used a lot 
>> (i talk about it somewhere in that thing I wrote).  They are easy to use 
>> and nice and ready for me, with a server wouldn't I have to have things 
>> poll/wait for messages?
>>     
>
> How would a thread receive a message, unless it polls some kind of queue or
> waits for a message from a queue or at a semaphore? You can't just "push" a
> message into a thread; the thread has to "pick it up", one way or another. 
>
> Gerhard
>
>   
Well, I guess I'm thinking of an event driven mechanism, kinda like 
setting up signal handlers.  I don't necessarily know how it works under 
the hood, but I don't poll for a signal.  I setup a handler, when the 
signal comes, if it comes, the handler gets thrown into action.  That's 
what I'd be interesting in doing with threads.

-c



-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From pmaupin at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 22:44:31 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 19:44:31 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

PTY wrote:

> It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
> is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
> I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
> use len() or not.

It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:

- For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
      sequences are false.

      Yes: if not seq:
           if seq:

      No: if len(seq)
          if not len(seq)

The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
decision of the language.

Regards,
Pat



From rvtol+news at isolution.nl  Sun Jul 16 12:51:02 2006
From: rvtol+news at isolution.nl (Dr.Ruud)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 18:51:02 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<sddwtadbkst.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
Message-ID: <e9e1t9.1do.1@news.isolution.nl>

Chris F Clark schreef:

> If you have a fixed database, and you do two selects which specify the
> same sets of fields to be selected and the same keys to select records
> with, one expects the two selects to return the same values.

When your "fixed" means read-only, or (fully) locked, then yes.

Modern databases also have modes without locks, so without special
attention (like maybe your "fixed") the two selects do not necessarily
return the same set of records.


> Further, if you
> do an update, you expect certain fields of certain records to change
> (and be reflected in subsequent selects).

Doesn't your "fixed" block updates?


> However, therein lies the rub, if you do a select on some records, and
> then an update that changes those records, the records you have from
> the select have either changed or show outdated values.

Not necessarily outdated: values can be fixed in time for a purpose.
Example: calculating interest is done once per day, but the whole
process takes more than a day.

Some systems implemented a lock plus requery just before the update, to
check for unacceptable changes in the stored data; this to prevent
having to keep locks while waiting.


> If there is
> some way to refer to the records you first selected before the update,
> then you have an aliasing problem, but maybe one can't do that.  One
> could also have an aliasing problem, if one were allowed to do two
> updates simultaneously, so that one update could changed records in
> the middle of the other changing the records.

Some databases allow you to travel back in time: run this query on the
data of 1 year ago. All previous values are kept "behind" the current
value.

-- 
Affijn, Ruud

"Gewoon is een tijger."




From bobrien18 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 13:51:36 2006
From: bobrien18 at yahoo.com (KraftDiner)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 10:51:36 -0700
Subject: Python and C++
Message-ID: <1153849896.569398.39200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

What ways can I call my C++ classes from within Python.
I've looked at boost but it would appear that there is little
support or knowledge on boost in the python community.



From pythonwannabe at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 16 20:58:47 2006
From: pythonwannabe at yahoo.com (Py PY)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 20:58:47 -0400
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>
Message-ID: <5bctd.q4r.17.1@news.alt.net>

Sorry to be a pest but is there anybody that could help me understand 
a) if any of this is a problem; and b) where I can learn how to fix it.

Thank you very much for any pointers.

On 2006-07-10 11:45:51 -0400, Py PY <pythonwannabe at yahoo.com> said:

> (Apologies if this appears twice. I posted it yesterday and it was held 
> due to a 'suspicious header')
> 
> I'm having a hard time trying to get a couple of tests to pass when 
> compling Python 2.3.5 on Ubuntu Server Edition 6.06 LTS. I'm sure it's 
> not too far removed from the desktop edition but, clearly, I need to 
> tweak something or install some missling libs.
> 
> uname -a
> 
> Linux server 2.6.15-23-server #1 SMP Tue May 23 15:10:35 UTC 2006 i686 
> GNU/Linux
> 
> When I compile Python I get these failing
> 
> 4 skips unexpected on linux2:
>     test_dbm test_mpz test_bsddb test_locale
> 
> I've got libgdbm-dev and libgdbm3 packages installed.
> 
> Help!




From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Fri Jul  7 10:52:32 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 00:52:32 +1000
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 03:34:32 -0700, manstey wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I have a text file called a.txt:
> 
> # comments
> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> I read it using this:
> 
> filAnsMorph = codecs.open('a.txt', 'r', 'utf-8') # Initialise input
> file
> dicAnsMorph = {}
> for line in filAnsMorph:
>     if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
>         x = eval(line)
>         dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is
> value
> 
> But it crashes every time on x = eval(line). Why is this?

Some people have incorrectly suggested the solution is to remove the
newline from the end of the line. Others have already pointed out one
possible solution.

I'd like to ask, why are you using eval in the first place?

The problem with eval is that it is simultaneously too finicky and too
powerful. It is finicky -- it has problems with lines ending with a
carriage return, empty lines, and probably other things. But it is also
too powerful. Your program wants a specific piece of data, but eval
will accept any string which is a valid Python expression. eval is quite
capable of giving you a dictionary, or an int, or just about anything --
and, depending on your code, you might not find out for a long time,
leading to hard-to-debug bugs. 

Is your data under your control? Could some malicious person inject data
into your file a.txt? If so, you should be aware of the security
implications:

# comment
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
[('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
# line injected by a malicious user
"__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')"
[('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

Now, if the malicious user can only damage their own system, maybe you
don't care -- but the security hole is there. Are you sure that no
malicious third party, given *only* write permission to the file a.txt,
could compromise your entire system?

Personally, I would never use eval on any string I didn't write myself. If
I was thinking about evaluating a user-string, I would always write a
function to parse the string and accept only the specific sort of data I
expected. In your case, a quick-and-dirty untested function might be:

def parse(s):
    """Parse string s, and return a two-item list like this:

    [tuple(string, integer), tuple(string, dict(string: string)]
    """

    def parse_tuple(s):
        """Parse a tuple with two items exactly."""
        s = s.strip()
        assert s.startswith("(")
        assert s.endswith(")")
        a, b = s[1:-1].split(",")
        return (a.strip(), b.strip())

    def parse_dict(s):
        """Parse a dict with two items exactly."""
        s = s.strip()
        assert s.startswith("{")
        assert s.endswith("}")
        a, b = s[1:-1].split(",")
        key1, value1 = a.strip().split(":")
        key2, value2 = b.strip().split(":")
        return {key1.strip(): value1.strip(), key2.strip(): value2.strip()}

    def parse_list(s):
        """Parse a list with two items exactly."""
        s = s.strip()
        assert s.startswith("[")
        assert s.endswith("]")
        a, b = s[1:-1].split(",")
        return [a.strip(), b.strip()]

    # Expected format is something like:
    # [tuple(string, integer), tuple(string, dict(string: string)]
    L = parse_list(s)
    T0 = parse_tuple(L[0])
    T1 = parse_tuple(L[1])
    T0 = (T0[0], int(T0[1]))
    T1 = (T1[0], parse_dict(T1[1]))
    return [T0, T1]


That's a bit more work than eval, but I believe it is worth it.

-- 
Steven



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Fri Jul 21 09:22:28 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 06:22:28 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153488148.539121.93000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
>

[Subclasses of list or slice for ranges]

> Except that if you write your own class from scratch, you can't use
> it as a slice. For a language that is supposed to be about duck typing
> I find it strange that if I make my own class with a start, stop and
> step attribute, that python barfs on it when I want to use it as a
> slice.

[s2 has start, stop, step...]

> >>> lst[s2]
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: list indices must be integers

In fact, the duck typing seems only to really work outside the
interpreter and the various accompanying built-in classes. Consider a
class similar to the one you defined with the name myslice (for
clarity) and with the apparently necessary indices method; consider it
used as follows:

>>> range(0, 10)[myslice(1, 5, 2)]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: list indices must be integers

Here, we start to believe that only traditional index or slice notation
will work. However, we did come across the built-in slice class before;
consider this:

>>> range(0, 10)[slice(1, 5, 2)]
[1, 3]

Regardless of whether myslice inherits from object or not, there's no
persuading the interpreter that it is a genuine slice, and remember
that we can't subclass slice (for some reason unknown). So, it would
appear that the interpreter really wants instances from some specific
set of types (presumably discoverable by looking at list_subscript in
listobject.c) rather than some objects conforming to some interface or
protocol, and perhaps it is implemented this way for performance
reasons.

In any case, in the core of Python some types/classes are more equal
than others, and for whatever reason the duck typing breaks down - a
case of "malbik endar" [1] that you just have to be aware of, I
suppose.

Paul

[1] http://www.sciamanna.com/island/pop/2004_07_13/280_malbik_endar.htm



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 19:08:15 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 16:08:15 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> >
> > Good point. Perhaps I should have said "relational algebra +
> > variables with assignment." It is interesting to consider
> > assignment vs. the more restricted update operators: insert,
> > update, delete.
>
> Actually I see it the other way round: assignment is strictly less
> powerful than DML since it doesn't allow creating or destroying
> variables, while UPDATE does cover assignment to fields.

Oh, my.

Well, for all table variables T, there exists some pair of
values v and v', such that we can transition the value of
T from v to v' via assignment, but not by any single
insert, update or delete. The reverse is not true. I
would consider that a solid demonstration of which
one is more powerful. Further, it is my understanding
that your claim of row identity *depends* on the restricted
nature of DML; if the only mutator operation is assignment,
then there is definitely no record identity.


> (However, it's usually new+assignment+delete vs. INSERT+UPDATE+DELETE,
> at which point there is not much of a difference.)

I am not sure what this means. Delete can be expressed in
terms of assignment. (As can insert and update.) (Assignment
can also be expressed in terms of insert and delete.) I
don't know what "new" would be in a value-semantics, relational
world. So I would say it's assignment vs. INSERT+UPDATE+DELETE,
but perhaps I'm not understanding what you mean.

Assignment by itself is complete. Insert and delete together
are complete.


> >>>>> Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
> >>>>> general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
> >>>> No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an
> >>>> alias, it would have to be a reference to something.
> >>>>
> >>>> However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly
> >>>> important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is
> >>>> essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is
> >>>> vacuously true.
>  >>>
> >>> To me, the SQL with the where clause is like i+2, not like a[2].
> >> I'd say WHERE is like [i+2]: neither is valid on its own, it's the
> >> "selector" part of a reference into a table.
> >
> > Is it possible you're being distracted by the syntax?
>
> I think that's very, very unlikely ;-)

Well, I just thought I'd ask. :-)


>  > WHERE is a
> > binary operation taking a relation and a filter function. I don't
> > think of filters as being like array indexing; do they appear
> > analogous to you?
>
> Yes.
>
> Filters are just like array indexing: both select a subset of variables
> from a collection.

I can't agree with this wording. A filter produces a collection
value from a collection value. I don't see how variables
enter in to it. One can filter either a collection constant or
a collection variable; if one speaks of filtering a collection
variable, on is really speaking of filtering the collection value
that the variable currently contains; filtering is not an operation
on the variable as such, the way the "address of" operator is.
Note you can't update the result of a filter.


> In SQL, you select a subset of a table, in a
> programming language, you select a subset of an array.
>
> (The SQL selection mechanism is far more flexible in the kinds of
> filtering you can apply, while array indexing allows filtering just by
> ordinal position. However, the relevant point is that both select things
> that can be updated.)

When you have been saying "select things that can be updated"
I have been assuming you meant that one can derive values
from variables, and that some other operation can update that
variable, causing the expression, if re-evaluated, to produce
a different value. However the phrase also suggests that
you mean that the *result* of the select can *itself* be
updated. Which one do you mean? (Or is there a third
possibility?)


> >> I admit that identity cannot be reliably established in SQL. The
> >> identity of a record isn't available (unless via OID extensions).
> >> However, it is there and it can have effect.
> >
> > Yes, I think I see what you mean now. This is in part a consequence
> > of the restricted update operators.
>
> I don't think so. You can update SQL records any way you want.
> The unavailability of a record identity is due to the fact that, well,
> it's unavailable in standard SQL.

I disagree. The concept of record-identity is quite tenuous, and
depends on specifics of SQL semantics. (In fact I'm not entirely
convinced it's definitely there even in SQL.) It certainly does not
hold in, say, set theory. Set elements do not have identity; they
only have value. If we have a set-semantics language that
supports set variables with assignment, we still do not have
element-identity.


Marshall



From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul  5 21:22:19 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 18:22:19 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> gel wrote:
> > gel wrote:
> >
> >
> >>Hi
> >>I would like to pass a variable in and use it as part of a name of an
> >>object, something like below, where I pass the variable software into
> >>the function and use it as part of the name of the object so that I can
> >>append to it using the other vairables.  Any suggestions?
> >>
> >>
> >>    def a_d(self,software,mac,time,extra):

> >>        global d_software
> >>        d_software.software.append([mac,time,extra])
> >
> >
> > I sorted it out
> >
> Then do a favour to other persons facing the same problem : share your
> solution. As a side effect, you'll also have your code checked by lot of
> confirmed Python programmer !-)
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"

OK, I would love to,  the reason I did not was for fear of wasting
peoples time with basic stuff... I ended up doing it a bit differently

what I am doing is using pyro to make a package that can be run on PCs
to control how many PC on a network are running a piece of software,the
function

    def a_d(self,software,mac):
        global d_software
        d_software[software][0].append(mac)
        return d_software

is in the module on the pyro server.  When this object is used on the
client it adds the clients mac address to the dictionary list.  When
another client is runs the software being watched it checks how many
are already running by counting the number of mac addresses already in
there.  If the number of PCs already running the software is below the
number allowed, which is set in the pyro module it is allowed to
continue to run it.  If the limit has been reached the client software
kills the software,  Below is the client and the pyro module...

Client

import wmi
import time
import Pyro.core
c = wmi.WMI()
o=Pyro.core.getAttrProxyForURI('PYRONAME://:Default.test')
for interface in c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration (IPEnabled=1):
#  print interface.Description, interface.MACAddress
  for ip_address in interface.IPAddress:
     mac = interface.MACAddress
mac = 1
current_time = time.time()
sw = "notepad.exe"

#o.a_d(sw, mac, current_time, "Maybe More Extra Stuff too")

while 1:
        time.sleep(1.0)
        ps_li=[]
        for process in c.Win32_Process ():
#    print process.ProcessId, process.Name
            ps_li += [process.Name]

        if sw in ps_li:
            if len(o.r_d()[sw][0]) != 0:
                if mac in o.r_d()[sw][0]:
                    print "Already in there"
                else:
                    #ps_id = ps_li.index(sw)
                    if len(o.r_d()[sw][0]) < o.r_l()[sw]:
                        o.a_d(sw, mac)
                        print "There are some"
                        print o.r_d()

                    else:
                        print "There are none"
                        for process in c.Win32_Process ():
                            if process.Name == "notepad.exe":
                                print process.ProcessId, process.Name
                                result = process.Terminate ()
                                print process.Name +" has been killed"
            else:
                    o.a_d(sw, mac)
                    print "First in"
        else:
              print sw + " not running"

pyro module

class testclass:
    import wmi
    import time
    global d_software
    global l_notepad
    global d_licence_numbers
    d_licence_numbers = {"notepad.exe":1, "Adobe":1}
    l_notepad =[]
    d_software = {"notepad.exe":[[],[]], "Adobe":[[],[]]}


    def r_len_d(self):
         return len(d_licence_numbers)

    def a_d(self,software,mac):
        global d_software
        d_software[software][0].append(mac)
        return d_software

    def r_d(self):
        return d_software
    
    def r_l(self):
        return d_licence_numbers



From toby at rcsreg.com  Fri Jul 14 05:13:22 2006
From: toby at rcsreg.com (Tobiah)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 09:13:22 +0000
Subject: time.clock()
Message-ID: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>

The manual says:

	On Unix, return the current processor time as a 
	floating point number expressed in seconds.

So I ran this program:

#!/usr/bin/python

import time

while 1:
        print time.clock()



This gave me a stream of floats, the integer part of which
only updated about every three seconds.  Now, the manual
also states:

	The precision, and in fact the very definition of the meaning 
	of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C function of the same name

So I "man 3 clock" and notice:

	The value returned is the CPU time used so far as a clock_t; to get  the  number
       of  seconds  used,  divide by CLOCKS_PER_SEC.

So, I'm wondering how to get that value from python.  All I
really want to do is know current time relative to a given
point so that I can capture MIDI events, and store the time
at which they arrive.  Am I barking up the wrong tree?

Thanks,

Toby

-- 
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 01:34:38 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 22:34:38 -0700
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
References: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>
Message-ID: <1152423278.076358.255260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

crystalattice wrote:
> I've finally figured out the basics of OOP; I've created a basic character
> creation class for my game and it works reasonably well. Now that I'm
> trying to build a subclass that has methods to determine the rank of a
> character but I keep getting errors.
>
> I want to "redefine" some attributes from the base class so I can use them
> to help determine the rank. However, I get the error that my base class
> doesn't have the dictionary that I want to use. I've tried several things
> to correct it but they don't work (the base class is called "Character"
> and the subclass is called "Marine"):
>
> *explicitly naming the Marine's attribute self.intel =
> Character.attrib_dict["intel"]
> *adding Character.__init__(self) to the Marine's __init__(self) method
> *changing the self.intel attribute from referencing the Character's
> dictionary to self (based on the assumption that since Marine is a
> 		subset of Character, it should have it's own attrib_dict being created
>
> Nothing seems to work; I still get the error "class Character has no
> attribute "attrib_dict".
>
> I can't see why it's saying this because Character.__init__(self) not only
> has self.attrib_dict = {} but it also calls the setAttribute method
> explicitly for each attribute name. If I do a print out of the dictionary
> just for Character, the attributes are listed.
>

Without a sample of your code and the actual tracebacks you're getting
it is difficult to know what's going wrong.


Are you writing your class like this:

class Character:
    def __init__(self):
        # do some stuff here..

class Marine(Character):
    def __init__(self):
        Character.__init__(self)
        # do some stuff here..

?


Peace,
~Simon



From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:15:28 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:15:28 -0700
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Stefen

let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
function in the deprecated format

map(string.lower,list)

Thanks Anoop


Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Anoop wrote:
> > Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
> > that is followed in Python.
> >
> > For example how will be string.lower depricated.
> >
> > As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
> > 'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python
>
> I don't quite see the question in your post, but, yes, the module level
> functions of the "string" module are deprecated in favour of the methods of
> the str and unicode objects.
> 
> Stefan



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 17:34:22 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 14:34:22 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
In-Reply-To: <1153663897.044189.264360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153663897.044189.264360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153690462.571676.63780@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Jim wrote:
> Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hello,
> >
> > For my application, I would like to execute an SQL query like this:
> > self.dbCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist, idalbum,
> > path) VALUES ('%s', %s, %s, %s, '%s')" % (track, nbr, idartist,
> > idalbum, path))
> No, I'll bet that you'd like to run something like
>   self.dcCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
> idalbum,path) VALUES (%(track)s, %(nbr)s,
> %(idartist)s,%(idalbum)s,'%(path)s')",
> {'track':track,'nbr':nbr,'idartist':idartist,'idalbum':idalbum,'path':path})
> (only without my typos).  That's an improvment for a number of reasons,
> one of which is that the system will quote for you, for instance in
> idartist="John's Beer" changing the single quote to two single quotes
> to suit SQL.

>   self.dcCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
> idalbum,path) VALUES (%(track)s, %(nbr)s,
> %(idartist)s,%(idalbum)s,'%(path)s')",
> {'track':track,'nbr':nbr,'idartist':idartist,'idalbum':idalbum,'path':path})

I see no improvement here.

The OP's code is effectively::

  sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ..., path) VALUES ('%s', ..., '%s')"
  value_tuple = (track, ...., path)
  self.dcCursor.execute(sql % value_tuple)

Your suggested replacement is effectively:

  sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ...,path) VALUES (%(track)s,
...,'%(path)s')"
  str_fmt_dict = {'track':track, ...,'path':path}
  self.dcCursor.execute(sql, str_fmt_dict)

Well, that won't run at all. Let's correct the presumed typo:

   self.dcCursor.execute(sql % str_fmt_dict)

Now, the only practical difference is that you have REMOVED the OP's
explicit quoting of the first column value. Changing the string
formatting from the %s style to the %(column_name) style achieves
nothing useful. You are presenting the "system" with a constant SQL
string -- it is not going to get any chance to fiddle with the quoting.
However the verbosity index has gone off the scale: each column name is
mentioned 4 times (previously 1).

I would suggest the standard default approach:

  sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ..., path) VALUES (?, ..., ?)"
  value_tuple = (track, ...., path)
  self.dcCursor.execute(sql, value_tuple)

The benefits of doing this include that the DBAPI layer gets to
determine the type of each incoming value and the type of the
corresponding DB column, and makes the appropriate adjustments,
including quoting each value properly, if quoting is necessary.

> > Every time I execute this, I get an exception like
> > this:
> >
> > UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xa1 in position
> > 64: ordinal not in range(128)
> >
> > I tried to encode the different variables in many different encodings
> > (latin1), but I always get an exception. Where does this ascii codec
> > error comes from? How can I simply build this query string?

> Some more information may help: is the error returned before or during
> the execute call?  If before, then the execute() call is a distraction.
>  If during, then what is your dB, what is it's encoding (is the dB
> using latin1, or does the dB only accept ascii?), and what are you
> using to connect to it?

These are very sensible questions. Some more q's for the OP:

(1) What is the schema for the 'track' table?

(2) "I tried to encode the different variables in many different
encodings (latin1)" -- you say "many different encodings" but mention
only one ... please explain and/or show a sample of the actual code of
the "many different" attempts.

(3) You said that your input values (produced by some libblahblah) were
in Unicode -- are you sure? The exception that you got means that it
was trying to convert *from* an 8-bit string *to* Unicode, but used the
default ASCII codec (which couldn't hack it). Try doing this before the
execute() call:

  print 'track', type(track), repr(track)
  ...
  print 'path', type(path), repr(path)

and change the execute() call to three statements along the above
lines, so we can see (as Jim asked) where the exception is being
raised.

HTH,
John



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Fri Jul 28 18:20:56 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:20:56 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154124360.562091.51580@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <009f01c6b294$19305660$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>



-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of faulkner
i'm not familiar with python's os/system/exec functions, but i'm willing to
bet that you're running into an issue with how the "system" function works.

look for a function that allows you to spawn an external app, but that
dosen't wait (or require) the child app to return.

i would also suggest that you work with a client/server setup on the same
machine as a test. furthermore, i would suggest that you have your server do
something like print put to a file/cmdline so you can actually verify that
it's working as it should. once that's working well, then hook in the
system/exec/spawn functionality...

good luck




Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 3:06 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Client/Server Question


you might want to look at sshd. if you're on a windows box, you may
need cygwin. if you're on linux, you either already have it, or it's in
your package manager.

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> My server.py looks like this
>
> ---------------------------------------------CODE-------------------------
---------
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> import socket
> import sys
> import os
>
> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> host = ''
> port = 2000
>
> s.bind((host,port))
> s.listen(1)
> conn, addr = s.accept()
> print 'client is at', addr
>
> while True:
> 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> 		print 'MaxiSim'
> 		os.system('notepad')
> 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> 		print 'Driving Sim'
> 		os.system('explorer')
> 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> 		print 'Shutting down...'
> 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> 		conn.close()
> 		break
> -------------------------------------------CODE
> END-------------------------------------
>
> I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> down.
>
> When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
> Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
> command.
>
> Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sat Jul  8 10:58:24 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 20:28:24 +0530
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44AFC810.8080502@tachyontech.net>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
> structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
> (or even 'get'-access).

(been thinking about this further...)

Dictionary get/set operations *must* be atomic, because Python makes
extensive internal use of dicts.

Consider two threads A and B, which are independent except for the fact
that they reside in the same module.

def thread_A() :
    global foo
    foo = 1

def thread_B() :
    global bar
    bar = 2

These threads create entries in the same module's dict, and they *might*
execute at the same time. Requiring a lock in this case is very
non-intuitive, and my conclusion is that dict get/set operations are
indeed atomic (thanks to the GIL).

Regards
Sreeram

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From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Mon Jul 31 17:00:04 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:00:04 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154378719.157643.98340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Is it possible to have a static variable in Python -
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
>
>  For example, suppose I have:
>
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
>
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
>
>
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.
>
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

You can do things with function attributes

def foo(x):
  foo.static += x
  return foo.static
foo.static = 0

If you are going to set function attributes a lot, then you might like
to addd an attriute setter decorator to your toolbox:

def attributeSetter( **kw):
    " decorator creator: initialises function attributes"
    def func2(func):
        " decorator: initialises function attributes"
        func.__dict__.update(kw)
        return func
    return func2

def accumulator(n):
    """ return an accumulator function that starts at n
    >>> x3 = accumulator(3)
    >>> x3.acc
    3
    >>> x3(4)
    7
    >>> x3.acc
    7
    """
    @attributeSetter(acc = n)
    def accum(i):
        accum.acc+= i
        return accum.acc
    return accum


- Paddy



From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 25 15:29:25 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:29:25 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
References: <mailman.8540.1153854828.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea5rdp$64v$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Laszlo Nagy wrote:

> This program:
> 
> import sys
> import traceback
> import cStringIO
> 
> a = 1.0
> b = 0.0
> try:
>     c=a/b
> except:
>     f = cStringIO.StringIO('')
>     ei = sys.exc_info()
>     traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)
> 
> raises this exception:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:/Documents and Settings/gandalf/test.py", line 12, in ?
>     traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)
>   File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 124, in print_exception
>     _print(file, 'Traceback (most recent call last):')
>   File "C:\Python24\Lib\traceback.py", line 13, in _print
>     file.write(str+terminator)
> AttributeError: 'cStringIO.StringI' object has no attribute 'write'
> 
> What is 'cStringIO.StringI' anyway? Shouldn't it be 'cStringIO.StringIO'?

See http://docs.python.org/lib/module-cStringIO.html:

"""
Another difference from the StringIO module is that calling StringIO() with
a string parameter creates a read-only object. Unlike an object created
without a string parameter, it does not have write methods. These objects
are not generally visible. They turn up in tracebacks as StringI and
StringO. 
"""

Peter



From alanmk at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 25 12:21:40 2006
From: alanmk at hotmail.com (Alan Kennedy)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:21:40 -0700
Subject: smtplib timeout
References: <pan.2006.07.25.16.00.17.955935@bmsi.com>
Message-ID: <1153844500.213011.254160@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

[Stuart D. Gathman]
> I need to set a timelimit for the operation of
> smtplib.sendmail.  It has to be thread based, because pymilter uses
> libmilter which is thread based.  There are some cookbook recipies which
> run a function in a new thread and call Thread.join(timeout).  This
> doesn't help, because although the calling thread gets a nice timeout
> exception, the thread running the function continues to run.  In fact, the
> problem is worse, because even more threads are created.

Have you tried setting a default socket timeout, which applies to all
socket operations?

Here is a code snippet which times out for server connections. Timeouts
should also work for sending and receiving on sockets that are already
open, i.e. should work for the smtplib.sendmail call.

==============================
import socket
import smtplib

dud_server = '192.168.1.1'
timeout_value = 1.0 # seconds

socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout_value)

print "connecting to server: %s" % dud_server
try:
  connection = smtplib.SMTP(dud_server)
except socket.timeout:
  print "server timed out"
==============================

HTH,

--
alan kennedy
------------------------------------------------------
email alan:              http://xhaus.com/contact/alan



From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul  3 09:10:21 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:10:21 -0400
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <45e0ec7b0607030541r72730360u805041634101878e@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <20060703131021.29014.2075759424.divmod.quotient.20715@ohm>

On Mon, 3 Jul 2006 13:41:24 +0100, Alex Biddle <heuristic at gmail.com> wrote:
>Hey there.
>
>I was wondering whether Python had any support out-of-the-box for
>database functionality, or database-like functionality.
>
>For instance a lot of shared hosts have Python installed, but not the
>MySQL extension, the flexible of these would install it, but most of
>the time they wouldn't bother.
>
>I was really looking for something like SQLite which ships bundled
>with PHP these days. Or any standard way of connecting to generic
>databases out of the box, i.e. MySQL.

See these Python 2.5 docs:

  http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/module-sqlite3.html

Jean-Paul


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 11:44:45 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 01:44:45 +1000
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <mailman.7770.1152025612.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.15.44.44.391832@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:09:53 -0700, bruce wrote:

> simon...
> 
> the issue that i'm seeing is not a result of simply using the
> 'string.replace' function. it appears that there's something else going on
> in the text....
> 
> although i can see the nbsp in the file, the file is manipulated by a number
> of other functions prior to me writing the information out to a file.
> somewhere the 'nbsp' is changed, so there's something else going on...
> 
> however, the error i get indicates that the char 'u\xa0' is what's causing
> the issue..

As you have written it, that's not a character, it is a string of length
two. Did you perhaps mean the Unicode character u'\xa0'?

>>> len('u\xa0')
2
>>> len(u'\xa0')
1


> as far as i can determine, the string.replace can't/doesn't
> handle non-ascii chars. i'm still looking for a way to search/replace
> non-ascii chars...

Seems to work for me:

>>> c = u'\xa0'
>>> s = "hello " + c + " world"
>>> s
u'hello \xa0 world'
>>> s.replace(c, "?")
u'hello ? world'



-- 
Steven.



From thorley at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:14:23 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:14:23 -0700
Subject: inheritance, types, operator overload, head ache
In-Reply-To: <44aef9ad$0$16636$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44aef9ad$0$16636$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152540863.666888.282830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks very much for the reply. I'll give that a shot and post back
with the result.

--
matthew

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> thorley at gmail.com a ?crit :
> > I'm working with the following code. I included some tests to make it
> > easy to see--if you run the code--what troubles I'm having.
> >
> > Can some one *please* splain me why str(obj) works but not print obj,
>
> May have something to do with escape chars... I tried with:
>    def __str__(self):
>       return repr(self)
>
> and it did the trick for printing. Now it may have other side-effects, I
> don't know.
>
> > and why obj.__int__() works, but not int(obj).
>\
> I've added tracing to  __int__, and it isn't called. FWIW, str type has
> no attribute __int__, so I guess there's something special in the
> implementation here.
>
> > I just don't get it. :(
>
> FWIW, you have another problem to solve:
>
> >>> b1 = Byte(1)
> >>> b1
> '\x01'
> >>> b1.__int__()
> 1
> >>> b2 = Byte(2)
> >>> b2
> '\x02'
> >>> b2.__int__()
> 2
>  >>> b1.__int__()
> 2
>
> cf below...
>
> (snip)
> >
> > <code>
> > import struct
> > class Byte(str): # Implement Bytes as str for easy adding and joining
> (snip)
> >     def __new__(self, val):
>
> Actually, __new__ is a static method, and it takes the class as first
> argument. So...
>
> >         if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
> >             val = struct.unpack('B', val) #ensure input is valid struct
> > byte
> >         self._byte = struct.pack('B', val)
> >         self._int = int(val)
>
> .. since the name "self" really references the class, not the instance,
> the two previous lines (re)bind *class* attributes "_byte" and "_int" to
> class Byte.
>
> >         return str.__new__(self, self._byte)
>
> What you want here is to first create the instance, and only then bind
> to it:
>
>      def __new__(cls, val):
>          if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
>              val = struct.unpack('B', val)
>          _byte = struct.pack('B', val)
>          self = str.__new__(cls, _byte)
>          self._byte = _byte
>          self._int = int(val)
>          return self
> 
> (snip)



From arv.nntp at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:34:39 2006
From: arv.nntp at gmail.com (Alexis Roda)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:34:39 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8540.1153854828.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8540.1153854828.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea5rl8$d2v$1@nsnmpen2-gest.nuria.telefonica-data.net>

En/na Laszlo Nagy ha escrit:
> This program:
> 
> import sys
> import traceback
> import cStringIO
> 
> a = 1.0
> b = 0.0
> try:
>    c=a/b
> except:       f = cStringIO.StringIO('')
>    ei = sys.exc_info()
>    traceback.print_exception(ei[0],ei[1],ei[2],file=f)

from cStringIO documentation:


     Another difference from the StringIO module is that calling
     StringIO() with a string parameter creates a read-only object.
     Unlike an object created without a string parameter, it does
     not have write methods.



HTH


From walterbyrd at iname.com  Sun Jul 23 20:33:29 2006
From: walterbyrd at iname.com (walterbyrd)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:33:29 -0700
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
Message-ID: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
want to do is:
1) count identical records in a cvs file
2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
3) open the new file in ms-excel

For example, I will start with a file like:

1001
1012
1008
1012
1001
1001

and finish with a file like:

1001,3
1008,1
1012,2

What I need to know:
1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
file. Something like:
sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.
2) is there a function in python that will correctly load a csv file
into an excel spreadsheet,
and open that spreadsheet.
3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
for me to do this with a
multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the file, read a rec into
the array, if the next rec is the same then incr the count, otherwise
add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the array to a file?



From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Sun Jul  9 16:34:23 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:34:23 +0200
Subject: array of array of float
In-Reply-To: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8rp8e$eql$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Summercoolness at gmail.com schrieb:
> i used C too much and haven't used Python for a while...
> 
> like in C, if we want an array of array of float, we use
> 
> float a[200][500];
> 
> now in Python, seems like we have to do something like
> 
> a = [ [ ] ] * 200
> 
> and then just use
> 
> a[1].append(12.34)   etc
> 
> but it turns out that all 200 elements points to the same list...
> and i have to use
> 
> a = [ ]
> for i in range (0, 200):
>     a.append([ ])
> 
> is there a simpler way... i wonder...

a = [[] for in range(200)]


From anand.chittu at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 23:04:06 2006
From: anand.chittu at gmail.com (Anand)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 20:04:06 -0700
Subject: Python framework questions
In-Reply-To: <1152136893.562426.243690@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152136893.562426.243690@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152155046.399562.305700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


mp wrote:

> Hello, I have a couple general questions.
>
> First, how do most web frameworks serve html? I'm coding in python and
> I want to keep all my html seperate from my python stuff. I can serve
> these html files from a mysql database or just from the file system, do
> people use both these options? Are there other options?

most web frameworks generate html from some kind of templates.
templates for very much like html but you can substitute some text
dynamically at runtime. you may also be able to do conditionals and
loops inside templates.

if you want to get a feel of it, try web.py (http://webpy.org).  web.py
is a very simple and powerful web framework.

> Second, is a cgi-bin directory really necessary? Are there security
> issues with configuring Apache to allow cgi-bin execution in other
> directories?

i am not an apache expert.

but to the best of my knowledge, there should not be any problems. it
will be slower because for handling each request a new process has to
be created.

Anand



From __peter__ at web.de  Sun Jul 23 05:17:16 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 11:17:16 +0200
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
Message-ID: <e9veq3$bii$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Ernesto Garc?a Garc?a wrote:

> I'm sure there is a better way to do this:
> 
> [random.choice(possible_notes) for x in range(length)]

Note that "generator" has a fixed meaning in Python:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0255/

For generators you can use

list(itertools.islice(gen()), length)

What you need then would be a way to turn an ordinary function into a
generator:

>>> def make_gen(fun, *args, **kw):
...     def gen():
...             while 1:
...                     yield fun(*args, **kw)
...     return gen()
...
>>> from random import choice
>>> from itertools import islice
>>> length = 7
>>> sample = "abcde"
>>> list(islice(make_gen(choice, sample), length))
['e', 'b', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'a']

Peter


From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 04:28:54 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 01:28:54 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153255987.189867.306980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153255987.189867.306980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153297734.055175.56570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


mensanator at aol.com wrote:
> T wrote:
> > Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> >
> > for line in file('foo', 'r'):
> >   print line
>
> I was running a program in IDLE that opened a file for
> reading and forgot to add the close.
>
> The program ran and terminated normally.
>
> But when I tried to open it from Windows Explorer,
> I got the message that it was still in use. Had to close
> IDLE to release it. That wouldn't have happened if I had
> closed it from within the program.

yes, this invariably happens me (with PythonWin) if I try to get away
without a 'finally'

Gerard



From http  Mon Jul  3 00:45:35 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 04:45:35 GMT
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
References: <mailman.7711.1151884576.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xac7rpa8g.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Delaney, Timothy (Tim)" <tdelaney at avaya.com> writes:
> The eventual consensus was that keys(), etc should return views on the
> dictionary. These views would be re-iterable and will have basically the
> same behaviour as the lists returned from keys(), etc. However, such a
> view could have O(1) __contains__ behaviour, and would not incur the
> overhead of creating a list and populating it - they would be backed by
> the dictionary. Of course, this introduces the issue of concurrent
> modification, but you can always get an independent copy by calling
> list(dict.keys()).

Wait a sec, you're saying

  k0 = d.keys()
  d['whee'] = 'parrot'    # this can change k0???

That sounds broken.


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 14:18:09 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:18:09 +0100
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <44C502EC.7080802@mvista.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<44C502EC.7080802@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <ea32sv$f4n$1@sea.gmane.org>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
[... rant ...]
> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets 
> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.  
> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write 
> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up 
> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the 
> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a 
> way around this scenario?
> 
> 

Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research 
the history of this design decision in the language you should discover 
there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From maximilian.michel at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:57:13 2006
From: maximilian.michel at gmail.com (Maximilian Michel)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:57:13 -0700
Subject: Threads and time.strptime()
Message-ID: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I have an interesting problem:
I have written code, that reads a logfile and parses it for date string
(Thu Jun 29 14:01:23 2006).
Standalone everthing works fine, all is recognized.

But if I let the same code run in a thread, with the same file as input
I get the following error:
...
  File "sensor.py", line 158, in gotData
    t = time.strptime(s)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/_strptime.py", line 293, in strptime
    raise ValueError("time data did not match format:  data=%s  fmt=%s"
%
ValueError: time data did not match format:  data=Thu Jun 29 14:01:23
2006  fmt=%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y


Has anyone encountered similiar problems? And how did you get around?


Thanks,
Maximilian



From richard.kerry at siemens.com  Wed Jul 12 06:11:28 2006
From: richard.kerry at siemens.com (Kerry, Richard)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:11:28 +0100
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
In-Reply-To: <m2veq3jgfe.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <4B283A856F4BB049AC1A147765E65B639EEF9C@GBMDDMH202AMSX.gb001.siemens.net>

 
The hash is not expected to be unique, it just provides a starting point
for another search (usually linear ?).  

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function


Helpfully,
Maybe,
Richard.




-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org] On
Behalf Of Piet van Oostrum
Sent: 12 July 2006 10:56
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: hash() yields different results for different platforms

>>>>> Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> (GE) wrote:

>GE> The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
>GE> portion of the returned hash?

If the hashed should be unique, 32 bits is much too low if you have
millions of entries.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:37:51 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:37:51 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1154092929.117917.267800@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c9e518$0$5496$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154092929.117917.267800@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154093871.303339.178140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ray wrote:
> Yeah, I know... but the thing is that it's easy to "do it". Say in C++,
> you can rebind the method of a class to another function if you want
> to, you can muck around with the vtable and stuff, but you've gotta do
> something different than, say, a normal assignment.

But remember, at no point did they think to make that stuff
deliberately hard so that it would give you safety. It's hard because
the implementation is relatively complex. The flipside of that is
writing function objects in C++, which are an ugly hack to get around
the fact that you can't just assign functions or define them in-place
in that language. Python makes it trivial by comparison. And as another
example, if you use the STL in C++ regularly, you will be familiar with
the hoops you have to jump through in order to use generic functions.
eg. try to call a polymorphic member function on each pointer in an
std::map, while passing a fixed parameter to that function... this sort
of thing is trivial in Python as a side-effect of the fact that the
attributes are looked up at run-time.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From http  Sat Jul 15 06:59:08 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 03:59:08 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<12bfl4a1rul7l3a@corp.supernews.com> <44B7D61E.1090504@mvista.com>
	<mailman.8198.1152955888.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x8xmv17be.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <7xy7uvjfr7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Paul Rubin <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> writes:
> SIOD was a well known very small Scheme interpreter that you might
> like to play with:
> 
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIOD

Here's another one that I like.  I haven't actually used it but
studied it for possible integration in an embedded project that I
worked on but that got cancelled.  It seems very good for this type of
thing.  The runtime system is just 20k bytes or so:

   http://hedgehog.oliotalo.fi/

Picolisp is also pretty neat but maybe not aimed the same way:

   http://software-lab.de/down.html

Take the challenge: it is very impressive.  Of course they tailored it
to Pico Lisp's capabilities, but you can see the challenge problem is
very sensible, and the Pico Lisp solution is much easier to get to
than a Python solution:

  http://software-lab.de/succ.html


From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 14:31:34 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 11:31:34 -0700
Subject: wxPython Grid XY Coordinates question
In-Reply-To: <44b80f88$0$4373$da0feed9@news.zen.co.uk>
References: <1152891475.335762.5210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b80f88$0$4373$da0feed9@news.zen.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1153852294.692133.29190@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Will, thank you.
That was the right thing to do, and it worked

-- Kiran

Will McGugan wrote:
> Kiran wrote:
> > Hello All,
> >   I am writing an app in wxPython using a grid.  I need to be able to
> > recognize what cell in the grid the user is hovering over with the
> > mouse.  How to do this?
> >   I tried XYToCell(x, y), but that doesnt work properly because it
> > thinks that mouse position (0, 0) is the first cell in the grid, and
> > then goes from there, so if i move the grid to a differernt area on the
> > screen, the XYToCell is messed up in what it returns.
> >
> > Any ideas on how to get this to work or any other way?
> >
>
> XYToCell probably takes window (client) coordinates. If you have the
> mouse position in screen coordinates, you will need to convert them with
>   the ScreenToClient for your grid.
>
> Will McGugan
> --
> work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
> blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 10:00:11 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:00:11 +0200
Subject: python list/array question...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44abc5ec$0$5272$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
> 
> i'm trying to deal with multi-dimension lists/arrays

Python has lists (which AFAIK really are arrays not linked lists, but
they are called 'lists'). FWIW, this is in the fine manual.

> i'd like to define a multi-dimension string list, and then manipulate the
> list as i need... primarily to add lists/information to the 'list/array' and
> to compare the existing list information to new lists
> 
> i'm not sure if i need to import modules, or if the base python install i
> have is sufficient.

?????

importing modules doesn't require installing additional packages (unless
the modules you want to import are not part of the stdlib nor of your
application).

> an example, or pointer to examples would be good...

http://www.python.org/doc/

> i'd like
> 
>  define a[][]

No "define" statement in Python - as you would know if you had read the
fine manual.

>  #basically, i'd like a 3x3 array, where each element
>  #has one of the a,b,c items..
>  # |a1, b1, c1|
>  # |a2, b2, c2|
>  # |a3, b3, c3|
> 
>  a[1][1] = ['a1','b1','c1']

Python's list are zero-based (which is the common case). This is
mentionned in the fine manual.

>  a[1][2] = ['a2','b2','c2']
>  a[1][3] = ['a3','b3','c3']

a = [
['a1','b1','c1'],
['a2','b2','c2'],
['a3','b3','c3'],
]

or

a = []
a.append(['a1','b1','c1'])
a.append(['a2','b2','c2'])
a.append(['a3','b3','c3'])

(etc - cf the fine manual).

>  b = ['f','g','h']
>  v = ['f1','g1','h1']
> 
>  if a[1][2] == b
>    print 'good!'
> 
>  a[1][4] = b
> 
>  x = 4
>  g = ['p1','l1','g1']
> 
>  for i in range[g]
>   a[x][i] = g[i]
> 
> 
> these are the kinds of list/array functions i'd like to be able to
> accomplish
> 
> pointers/code samples/pointers to code would be helpful...

start here : http://www.python.org/doc/

> and yeah. i've been looking via google...

Really ?



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 23 04:25:31 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 08:25:31 GMT
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c0c70f$0$5644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrnec6cjq.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>> On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
>> 
>>>danielx wrote:
>>>
> (snip)
>>>
>>>
>>>if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
>>>WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!
>> 
>> 
>> Personnaly I don't like this convention. 
>
> To bad for you.

I'll survive.

>> It isn't clear enough.
>
> Oh yes ?
>
>> Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
>> mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
>> module.
>> 
>> Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
>> to an implementation variable from that module.
>>
>> So now I have
>> variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
>> 
>>   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>>      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
>> 
>>   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>>      I should be extra carefull using it.
>
> Either you imported with the "from othermodule import *" form (which you
> shouldn't do), and you *don't* have the implementation of othermodule,
> or your used the "import othermodule" form, in which case it's pretty
> obvious which names belongs to othermodule.

As far as I understand the _name convention is often defended with the
argument that it stands out. Now if you have to go and look at the
import statements to make a disticntion, then it seems that the
way _names standout isn't that usefull.

>> And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)
>
> Too bad for you. Choose another language then... PHP, Perl, Ruby ?-)

Not a very strong argument. Whether or not someone has a legitimat point
of criticism against Python or some of the conventions used. You can
always reply: Too bad, better choose another language then.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  2 21:26:30 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 18:26:30 -0700
Subject: xpath question
References: <1151874624.140313.270010@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7710.1151876048.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151889990.576494.293740@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> simon..
>
> you may not.. but lot's of people use python and xpath for html/xml
> functionality.. check google "python xpath"...
>
> later..
>
...
> > i have a situation where i have something like:
> >  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
> >
> > is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
> > attribute with fo....
> >


So I did some checking, starting with the google search you suggested,
and I found out that lxml, 4Suite, and Amara (which is apparently based
on 4Suite somehow) all seem to be capable of doing what you're talking
about.  I don't know how to do it with lxml, but I bet the people on
the lxml mailing list would be happy to explain it to you.  As for
Amara and 4Suite I think it might be as simple as saying "Match(your
regex here in python re module form)" in your Xpath statement..


In the meantime, you could just use Xpath to extract a superset of the
elements you're interested in and then filter them with a re.Match
object.


I avoid xml if I can help it...   My new favorite HTML editor, however,
is python and ElementTree...



From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:27:25 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:27:25 -0300
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44C6471E.3080106@mvista.com>
	<12qrr8nnk5uc0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<44C64D0B.8040503@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <l7vue6vngeit.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 13:55:39, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> I'd be all for using processes but setting up communication between
> processes would be difficult wouldn't it?  I mean, threads have shared
> memory so making sure all threads know the current system state is an
> easy thing.  

I'm not sure about that. Sharing data between threads or processes is never
an easy thing, especially since you are saying you can't trust your module
coders to "play nice". If you can't trust them to terminate their threads
nicely when asked so, you also can't trust them to responsibly handle
shared memory. That's exactly the reason why I suggested processes. 


> With processes wouldn't I have to setup some type of server/client
> design, where one process has the system state and then the other
> processes constantly probe the host when they need the current system
> state? 

Anything else is bound to fail. You need to have safeguards around any
shared data. (A semaphore is a type of server/client thing...) At the very
least you need to prevent read access while it is updated; very rarely this
is an atomic action, so there are times where the system state is
inconsistent while it is being updated. (I don't think you can consider
many Python commands as atomic WRT threads, but I'm not sure about this.)
IMO, in the situation you are describing, it is an advantage that data is
not normally accessible -- this means that your module coders need to
access the data in the way you present it to them, and so you can control
that it is being accessed correctly.

Gerhard



From chris at kateandchris.net  Thu Jul 20 15:30:22 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 15:30:22 -0400
Subject: ConfigParser: what read('non-existent-filename') returns in 2.3.x?
In-Reply-To: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>
References: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>
Message-ID: <20060720193022.GA16989@kateandchris.net>

On Thu, Jul 20, 2006 at 10:50:40AM -0700, Danil Dotsenko wrote:
> Wrote a little "user-friedly" wrapper for ConfigParser for a KDE's
> SuperKaramba widget.
> (http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=32185)
> 
> I was using 2.4.x python docs as reference and
> ConfigParser.read('non-existent-filename') returns [] in 2.4.x
http://docs.python.org/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
That agrees with the docs since read returns a list of successfully parsed
filenames.  Note the docs also say this was added in 2.4.
> 
> One user with 2.3.x reported an error stemming from my use of 
> len(cfgObject.read('potentially-non-existent-filename'))
> 
> File "/home/web/Downloads/afoto-1.5b6.skz/localConf.py", line 53, in load
> TypeError: len() of unsized object
> 
> Can anyone tell me what cfgObject.read('potentially-non-existent-filename')
> returns in 2.3.x?
I suspect it never returns anything which means you are getting None instead
of a list, which would give you the exception above.
> 
> My output:
> >>> import ConfigParser
> >>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
> >>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
> >>> a, len(a), type(a)
> ([], 0, <type 'list'>)
> 
> Thx in advance.
> 
> Daniel.
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca  Thu Jul 27 09:58:45 2006
From: biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca (biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 06:58:45 -0700
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153945987.861516.216160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c81fd9$0$1447$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>
Message-ID: <1154008725.142489.324670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


> Actually, the code in the book is:
>
> def f1():
>      x = 88
>      f2(x)
>
> def f2(x):
>      print x
>
> f1()
>
> which makes all the difference in the world. Not to mention that this
> particular section of the book is giving an example of how to write the
> code *without* using nested functions.

Ouch! You got me there, I did not copy the code properly. Now I feel
stupid. Thanks for the enlightment.

I think I am starting to get it.

S?bastien.



From davew at cs.haverford.edu  Mon Jul 24 10:50:54 2006
From: davew at cs.haverford.edu (David G. Wonnacott)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:50:54 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 34, Issue 373
In-Reply-To: <mailman.31700.1153749003.27774.python-list@python.org>
	(python-list-request@python.org)
References: <mailman.31700.1153749003.27774.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <200607241450.k6OEosWZ004208@triluminary.cs.haverford.edu>

O.K., I'll publicly retract this for the whole list -- EVERYBODY
PLEASE DISREGARD my thought about implementing an n*log(n) shuffle.

I had hinted in my message that this was probably something that I
should review from a data structures course, and of course there was a
simple oversight in my message: you don't have to preserve the order
of the collection from which you extract the element, so you can
extract it in O(1) time by just swapping it, and easily get an O(n)
shuffle algorithm (or, more easily, call random.shuffle()).

Thanks for the polite tone with which many folks have pointed out my
gross oversight.

for i in range(1,100):
    print "I will not post to the Python list without thinking first"

Now suitably embarrassed,
			Dave Wonnacott


   Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:24:48 -0700
   From: "Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com>
   Subject: Re: random shuffles
   To: python-list at python.org

   Ross Ridge wrote:
   > David G. Wonnacott wrote:
   > > Couldn't we easily get an n*log(n) shuffle...
   >
   > Why are you trying to get an O(n*log(n)) shuffle when an O(n) shuffle
   > algorithim is well known and implemented in Python as random.shuffle()?

   I think David is referring to this: "don't you still need to use
   O(log(n)) time to find and remove the item from the collection?"

   The answer for him is no: as far as I know, the Python list is a
   random-access structure, so looking up 2 items and swapping them runs
   in constant time. You perform that N times to shuffle the sequence, so
   it runs in O(N).

   -- 
   Ben Sizer


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 16:12:16 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:12:16 +0200
Subject: inheritance, types, operator overload, head ache
In-Reply-To: <1152644245.813545.221820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44aef9ad$0$16636$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152540863.666888.282830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152644245.813545.221820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e910n1$rsu$2@news.albasani.net>

thorley at gmail.com wrote:
>> > > Can some one *please* splain me why str(obj) works but not print obj,
>> >
>> > May have something to do with escape chars... I tried with:
>> >    def __str__(self):
>> >       return repr(self)
> 
> Yes, that appears to be correct. Experiments indicated that it's an
> issue with escaping.
> 
> 
>> > What you want here is to first create the instance, and only then bind
>> > to it:
>> >
>> >      def __new__(cls, val):
>> >          if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
>> >              val = struct.unpack('B', val)
>> >          _byte = struct.pack('B', val)
>> >          self = str.__new__(cls, _byte)
>> >          self._byte = _byte
>> >          self._int = int(val)
>> >          return self
> 
> Oh, I see. I tried that and it worked well, but the broken int(obj) is
> too annoying.

The problem is that int() checks if the argument is a string (which includes
subclasses) and directly tries to convert the string without looking at
__int__. If you want, you can report this as a bug and see if other
developers agree.

Georg


From elmo at msnnotaol.com  Thu Jul  6 15:52:50 2006
From: elmo at msnnotaol.com (elmo)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:52:50 GMT
Subject: web app breakage with utf-8
References: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>
	<44ad458a$0$26268$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<pan.2006.07.06.19.41.24.360872@msnnotaol.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.19.52.40.514166@msnnotaol.com>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:41:32 +0000, elmo wrote:
> I guess it could be a new MySQLdb issue causing breakage.
> 

Replying to self, this is *very* close to the problem:


http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1438913&group_id=22307&atid=374932


From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 05:58:22 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 02:58:22 -0700
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7961.1152521500.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152520465.204618.320850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7961.1152521500.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152525502.090814.55280@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Robert Kern skrev:

> Sheldon wrote:
> > Thanks again for showing me this. I have been trying to read up on
> > reduce() as I have never used it before. I would like to know what it
> > does. So far my search has found nothing that I can grasp. The
> > reference library notes are estoteric at best.
> > Can you enlighten me on this matter?'
>
> The .reduce() method on ufuncs works pretty much like the reduce() builtin
> function. It applies the binary ufunc along the given axis of the array (the
> first one by default) cumulatively.
>
>    a = [3, 2, 1, 0]
>    minimum.reduce(a) == minimum(minimum(minimum(a[0], a[1]), a[2]), a[3])
>
> I will note, in the form of enticement to get you to try the currently active
> array package instead of Numeric, that in numpy, arrays have methods to do
> minimums and maximum rather more conveniently.
>
>  >>> import numpy as N
>  >>> a = N.rand(3, 5)
>  >>> a
> array([[ 0.49892358,  0.11931907,  0.37146848,  0.07494308,  0.91973863],
>         [ 0.92049698,  0.35016683,  0.01711571,  0.59542456,  0.49897077],
>         [ 0.57449315,  0.99592033,  0.20549262,  0.25135288,  0.04111402]])
>  >>> a.min()
> 0.017115711878847639
>  >>> a.min(axis=0)
> array([ 0.49892358,  0.11931907,  0.01711571,  0.07494308,  0.04111402])
>  >>> a.min(axis=1)
> array([ 0.07494308,  0.01711571,  0.04111402])
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco

Thanks for the explanation! Super.
I am trying to get my bosses to purchase the Numpy documentation and
upgrade to Numpy as well as matplotlib and other necessary scientific
modules. But it is not entirely up to me. Still I need to learn more
about Python and installing these modules myself.



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:22:54 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:22:54 -0700
Subject: Should this be added to MySQLdb FAQ?
In-Reply-To: <1153243580.459687.326520@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153243580.459687.326520@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153254174.658794.134570@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

gmax2006,
Yes, perhaps the MySQLdb project should mention that packages are
usually available in the popular distributions. I am using Ubuntu and
everything I needed for MySQL and Python was in the repositories ,
'apt-get' one-lines is all that is needed. In general though, I found
that more often than not the program I need is already in some
repository somewhere.


gmax2006 wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I went through couple of wrong paths to install MySQLdb on my RedHat
> box. I was trying to download MySQL client from MySQL.com and also
> mySQLdb from SourceForge. After some challenges with compile errors and
> also searching for pre-required RPMs, I found RedHat distribution
> already contains all compiled rpms and all I need are within CDs 3 and
> 4 of RedHat distribution!
>
> In essence, I found that I should check my Linux distribution first,
> then attempt to download stuff from sourceforge!
>
> I also posted the question to this group:
> http://groups.google.ca/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/41c53c2c932dfa58/f72f09a863bffdb2?hl=en#f72f09a863bffdb2
>
> If this makes sense, should it be added to MySQLdb FAQ?
> 
> Regards,
> Max



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 21:55:27 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 18:55:27 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

> Thanks for the info. No thanks for the smarmy "pony" comment.

Do you really want "smarmy" here? I don't think it works. Don't you
mean "flip" or "smart-alecky" or "facetious"?

Websters 3rd Unabridged
Main Entry:smarmy
Function:adjective
Inflected Form:-er/-est

1 : SLEEK *smarmy-headed David Walker*
2 : unctuously or fulsomely flattering : SLOBBERY, GUSHING, OILY,
INSINUATING "young man with the smarmy voice"--Noel Coward; "coy and
smarmy"-- Bernard Hollowood; "smarmy insincerity" Eric Partridge; "a
smarmy little melody"--Time

rd



From hugo.venturini at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:23:53 2006
From: hugo.venturini at gmail.com (Hugo Venturini)
Date: Tue, 1 Aug 2006 00:23:53 +0200
Subject: ELF format reader
Message-ID: <4ad1674a0607311523k6b099cf4sc39636071e33d5bf@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,
I am looking for an ELF format reader written in python. Does anyone know if
it exists?

H.
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From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 13:03:51 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:03:51 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>

Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> OTOH, isn't that the grail that many people have been searching for: 
> programming by simply declaring the results that they want to see?

Possibly.

> No, FPLs are actually just that: compilable postconditions.

This seems to me a bit misleading.  Perhaps someone will explain why I 
should stop thinking this way; but currently I classify statements like 
this in the "well, sort of" slot of my mind.  If functional programming 
were really just compilable postconditions, then functional programmers 
would be able to skip a good bit of stuff that they really can't.  For 
example, time and space complexity of code is still entirely relevant 
for functional programming.  I can't simply write:

(define fib
  (lambda (x) (if (< x 2) 1 (+ (fib (- x 1)) (fib (- x 2))))))

and expect the compiler to create an efficient algorithm for me.  This 
is true even though the above is (the LISP transcription of) the most 
natural way to describe the fibonacci sequence from a mathematical 
standpoint.  It still runs in exponential time, and it still matters 
that it runs in exponential time; and LISP programmers adapt their so-
called declarative code to improve time bounds all the time.  This makes 
it harder for me to call it declarative (or "compilable postconditions") 
and feel entirely honest.

(Yes, I realize that the above could be optimized in a language that 
does normal order evaluation with common subexpression elimination. and 
become linear-time.  However, that's not true of algorithms in general.  
It is not the case that all that's needed to find an efficient algorithm 
for something is to plug it into a Haskell compiler and observe what 
happens.  Or, if that is the case, there are a few CS professors I know 
who would be quite interested in hearing so.)

> Computability issues aren't more or less a factor than with other kinds 
> of compilers: they do limit what you can do, but these limits are loose 
> enough that you can do really useful stuff within them (in particular, 
> express all algorithms).

Is it really consistent to say that postconditions allow you to express 
algorithms?

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From gert365 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 18:39:52 2006
From: gert365 at yahoo.com (gert365 at yahoo.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 15:39:52 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
In-Reply-To: <tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <1153521592.881260.102150@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Cameron Laird wrote:
> In article <1153514279.392848.143930 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
> draghuram at gmail.com <draghuram at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> >In that case, the OP can probably use cygwin's version of python.
> >pexpect definitely works there.
> 			.
> 			.
> 			.
> I suspect there are easier approaches--but probably won't have time
> before Monday to explain.  For now, I counsel the original poster
> not to be discouraged.

Although I have not find the solution I need yet, thanks to the
suggestions so far I'm actually a bit more optimistic than before that
there might actually be a way to do what I want.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 17:43:29 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 23:43:29 +0200
Subject: Pygame Help
References: <1154208452.432901.180230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.21.43.28.78153@gmx.net>

In <1154208452.432901.180230 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, Blaze Bresko
wrote:

> [Tetris] I was curious how you would program the seperate  images to
> fall together and not break apart, because pygame and livewires uses
> images as collision detection, so therefore you can't make most of the
> shapes a single image because they will have transparent spaces as part
> of the image, which will make floating shapes and such.

I wouldn't rely on the graphics library at all but create a "model" of the
game that's completely independent from the graphics.  I think a two
dimensional structure with lists of lists is the simplest solution.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From cdsmith at twu.net  Wed Jul 12 23:15:11 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:15:11 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1f68abb8043a7398978d@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> David Hopwood wrote:
> > Marshall wrote:

> > > Mightn't it also be possible to
> > > leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
> > > was compile-time or runtime?
> >
> > That would be possible, but IMHO a better option would be for an IDE to give
> > an indication (by highlighting, for example), which contracts are dynamically
> > checked and which are static.
> >
> > This property is, after all, not something that the program should depend on.
> > It is determined by how good the static checker currently is, and we want to be
> > able to improve checkers (and perhaps even allow them to regress slightly in
> > order to simplify them) without changing programs.
> 
> Hmmm. I have heard that argument before and I'm conflicted.
> 
> I can think of more reasons than just runtime safety for which I'd
> want proofs. Termination for example, in highly critical code;
> not something for which a runtime check will suffice. On the
> other hand the points you raise are good ones, and affect
> the usability of the language.

There doesn't seem to be a point of disagreement here.  Programmers 
often need to require certain properties to be checked at compile-time.  
Others could go either way.  There is no property that a program would 
rationally desire to *require* be checked at runtime; that would only 
occur because the compiler doesn't know how to check it at compile time.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From gherron at islandtraining.com  Wed Jul 12 14:41:18 2006
From: gherron at islandtraining.com (Gary Herron)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:41:18 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B5424E.6000901@islandtraining.com>

John Henry wrote:
> Hi list,
>
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
>
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test
>
> --
> Thanks,
>
>   
The builtin "reduce" does that kind of thing for any function you wish
to apply across the list.    So then its only a matter of giving it a
function that "and"s two arguments:

Either:
    reduce(lambda a,b: a and b,   logFlags)
or
   def and2(a,b):
       return a and b

  reduce(and2, logFlags)

Gary Herron




From appumail at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 07:50:10 2006
From: appumail at gmail.com (Murugesh)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:20:10 +0530
Subject: to automate an interactive shell
Message-ID: <cqmzg.31$gX.107@news.oracle.com>

Hi all,

I'm a newbie and would like to how python is efficient in automating an 
interative shell(I have a CLI executable which interatcs with the user).
Any starters would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Murugesh



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 04:32:35 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:32:35 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <slrnec6cjq.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c0c70f$0$5644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnec6cjq.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c485a5$0$17401$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-21, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> 
>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>>On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>danielx wrote:
>>>>
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>
>>>>if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
>>>>WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!
>>>
>>>
>>>Personnaly I don't like this convention. 
>>
>>To bad for you.
> 
> 
> I'll survive.
> 
> 
>>>It isn't clear enough.
>>
>>Oh yes ?
>>
>>
>>>Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
>>>mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
>>>module.
>>>
>>>Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
>>>to an implementation variable from that module.
>>>
>>>So now I have
>>>variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
>>>
>>>  1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>>>     users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
>>>
>>>  2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>>>     I should be extra carefull using it.
>>
>>Either you imported with the "from othermodule import *" form (which you
>>shouldn't do), and you *don't* have the implementation of othermodule,
>>or your used the "import othermodule" form, in which case it's pretty
>>obvious which names belongs to othermodule.
> 
> 
> As far as I understand the _name convention is often defended with the
> argument that it stands out.

It does.

> Now if you have to go and look at the
> import statements to make a disticntion, then it seems that the
> way _names standout isn't that usefull.

Please re-read the Fine Manual and try to understand what I wrote above.
You don't have to parse the import statements to know if you're dealing
with a local implementation detail or implementation of another module,
unless you do braindead renames of imported symbols.

Anyway, messing with another module's implementation should be *very* rare.

> 
>>>And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)
>>
>>Too bad for you. Choose another language then... PHP, Perl, Ruby ?-) 
> 
> Not a very strong argument. Whether or not someone has a legitimat point
> of criticism against Python or some of the conventions used. You can
> always reply: Too bad, better choose another language then.

There are very few chances this convention will change anytime soon. You
may not like it for any good or bad reason, the fact is that you have to
live with it.

FWIW, the choice of other languages I proposed as an alternative is not
totally innocent : they all are possible replacements for Python, and
they all have their share of ugly cryptic notations... I'm not myself a
big fan of the leading underscore, but it's certainly a lesser evil when
compared to $php_vars or others @myperlishstuff. Or with C++
m_myMemberVar FWIW.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From erniedude at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 18:55:25 2006
From: erniedude at gmail.com (Ernesto)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 15:55:25 -0700
Subject: Global "except" condition
Message-ID: <1152572125.908057.111880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Within the scope of one Python file (say myFile.py), I'd like to print
a message on ANY exception that occurs in THAT file, dependent on a
condition.

Here's the pseudocode:

if anyExceptionOccurs():
      if myCondition:
            print "Here's my global exception message"


Is this functionality possible in python?  If so, how?



From i at mindlace.net  Tue Jul  4 15:44:03 2006
From: i at mindlace.net (emf)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 15:44:03 -0400
Subject: Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
Message-ID: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>

Dearest mail manipulating macaques and perambulating python 
prestidigitators,

I have been blessed by the grace of Google and so am working full-time 
on improving Mailman's web UI:

http://wiki.list.org/display/DEV/Summer+of+Code

In order to provide interfaces to archives, I believe I must perform 
some intermediary manipulation; my goal is to get the information 
contained within the .mbox files mailman generates into ElementTrees and 
other objects so as to represent them via HTML/RSS/Atom/etc.

This is slightly out of scope for the web-UI project, as it is mostly 
about data model rather than actual user interface.

In the interest of not reinventing the wheel, I'm looking for existing 
python (or other!) code that does the things I need. I'm also putting 
out a call for anybody who likes this sort of thing to help me out (see 
below).

Here's where I'm at, grouped functionally:

* Need to convert rfc8222 to xml/html

I haven't found anything substantial via searching. My next step is to 
go spelunking in MailManager code and other python-webmail packages. If 
anyone knows good trees in this forest, please clue me in.

* Want to provide feeds (rss/atom/YourMommasSyntaxFormat)

Right this second I'm planning on using pyfeed [1]; is there anything 
else I should consider?

[1] http://home.blarg.net/~steveha/pyfeed.html

* mbox thread indexing on messages

I plan on using [2] to generate mbox thread indexes for rapid navigation 
of lists. Any suggestions for more robust variants would be welcome; 
feedback on how to handle threading for message-id-less messages would 
also be welcome.

[2] http://benno.id.au/code/archiver/jwzthreading.py

* full-text indexing

pylucene seems to be the obvious choice; anything else I should 
consider? Anyone know of good pylucene/web UI glue code out there?

(eg. something that leverages knowledge of the index to provide 
suggested keywords/tag cloud and/or tab-completion)

As to help, I am first and foremost interested in someone willing to 
write renderers as above and check it in to my branch.

I am also, however, interested in any advice, suggestions, 
dear-gods-whatever-you-do-don't-do-x comments, critiques of what is 
already checked in (zero python code, much html so far), pats on the 
back or other goodies (snailmail address available on request ;)

I do ask that you send anything not related to my above question 
directly to me, bypassing the list; I'd also humbly ask you to read the 
wiki page before telling me I should do XYZ; I may already be doing it.

I'm not actually subbed to python-list because I lack the stamina, so 
please cc: me on any follow ups.

Thank you for your generous assistance,

~ethan fremen



From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:02:13 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:02:13 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>

On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:22:33 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:

>> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
> 
> Ask them why.

I know why. In general Java guys can recognize Ruby as more friendly
language than Python, more secured (there is almost no security in Python).
There is also much more hype about Ruby on java blogs. 

> The behaviour of Ruby hasn't even properly been defined.

No. Ruby uses different paradigm. The language can be extended with its
open classes. There is many similarity between Ruby and Smalltak. No Perl
or Java, but Smalltalk. Philosophy and object model is very similiar. Ruby
is more dynamic than Python exactly like Smalltak is.

The main reason for using Rails is: Rails is complete framework, much
easier to learn and use than Django.

The main reason for using Python: Python is more productive. It is easier
to learn Python than Ruby. Python uses minimalistic approach. It contains
less methods, structures than Ruby. It is easier to memorize. Ruby has
messed namespace with many aliases to methods. And it has much more methods
to every object. It is difficult to remember them. There is no Ruby
docstrings as well. You have to read manual, book much more than in Python.

Also modules are easier to use in Python. When I am doing import blah i
know what was downloaded and I can see it by simply typing dir(blah). 
But when you do "require blah" in Ruby you know *nothing*. You have to
look inside blah.rb file to see what was happened. "require" command can
execute code, add many namespaces etc. etc.


-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From rdjdvd at inwind.it  Mon Jul  3 04:14:13 2006
From: rdjdvd at inwind.it (.)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:14:13 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
Message-ID: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

What is the fast way for a fast implementation of Python?

--
JavaScript implementation of Python
http://groups.google.it/group/JSython/



From nogradi at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 17:22:34 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 23:22:34 +0200
Subject: Help!
In-Reply-To: <000001c6a9e3$36e00840$8101a8c0@FDJPTLAPTOP>
References: <000001c6a9e3$36e00840$8101a8c0@FDJPTLAPTOP>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607171422n5d51a39aj7a2a386ead3735@mail.gmail.com>

> I have a problem with python. When I try to connect to
> postgresql. It appears a message.
>
>  ]$ python
>
>             >>> from pg import DB
>                         Traceback (most recent call last):
>
>                            File "<stind>", line 1, sn?
>
>                         ImportError: No module name pg
>

You need to install the pygresql module in order to use anything
related to postgresql from python. You can get it from here:
http://www.pygresql.org/


From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 20:19:13 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:19:13 -0300
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <127ku620h69ik.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 21:02:59, John Henry wrote:

> Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
> application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
> ...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
> applications.

You just need to make sure that every piece of code you're using is
thread-safe. While OTOH to make sure they are all "process safe" is the job
of the OS, so to speak :)

Gerhard



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 21:58:46 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 18:58:46 -0700
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169302.675321.90640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153180786.930224.310500@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153187926.407414.201530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

spec wrote:
> Thanks, actually there are no args, is there something even simpler?
>
> Thanks
> Frank

you could try os.system()

>From the docs:

system(command)
    Execute the command (a string) in a subshell. This is implemented
by calling the Standard C function system(), and has the same
limitations. Changes to posix.environ, sys.stdin, etc. are not
reflected in the environment of the executed command.

    On Unix, the return value is the exit status of the process encoded
in the format specified for wait(). Note that POSIX does not specify
the meaning of the return value of the C system() function, so the
return value of the Python function is system-dependent.

    On Windows, the return value is that returned by the system shell
after running command, given by the Windows environment variable
COMSPEC: on command.com systems (Windows 95, 98 and ME) this is always
0; on cmd.exe systems (Windows NT, 2000 and XP) this is the exit status
of the command run; on systems using a non-native shell, consult your
shell documentation.

    Availability: Macintosh, Unix, Windows.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 21 11:50:25 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 16:50:25 +0100
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9qt4h$fds$1@sea.gmane.org>

T wrote:
> I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
> to an instance of another class:
> 
> 
> 
> # Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
> foo = Parse_Option()
> 
> # Class that does the real work
> bar = Processor()
> 
> bar.index = foo.options.index
> bar.output  = foo.options.output
> bar.run()
> 
> 
> 
> This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
> class to another.  Isn't there a better way???
> 
The standard way would be to have the Processor class's __init__() 
method take two arguments which it would then assign to the appropriate 
instance attributes. You could, of course, provide default values if you 
felt so inclined.

Then you could just use

bar = Processor(foo.options.index, foo.options.output)

or something similar. That's better anyway, as it seems to make the 
coupling more explicit. What would you do if the index and output values 
were just stored in plain variables?

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From eltaher at ifr.ing.tu-bs.de  Thu Jul 27 06:59:34 2006
From: eltaher at ifr.ing.tu-bs.de (Asem Eltaher)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:59:34 +0200
Subject: Python with DyBase
Message-ID: <44C89C96.9070109@ifr.ing.tu-bs.de>

Dear users,
I use Python version 2.4.3 and DyBase Object Oriented Database.  These 
are the first three lines in my program:

import os
import sys
import dybase

I usually get the error message:  ImportError: DLL load failed. Kindly 
be informed that I have in the folder: C:\Python24\Lib the following DLL 
files:
python23.dll
python24.dll
dybasedll.dll

Does soembody know what is wrong?
Thanks
Asem


From SSchukat at dspace.de  Fri Jul  7 11:13:23 2006
From: SSchukat at dspace.de (Stefan Schukat)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 16:13:23 +0100
Subject: COM Makepy Question
Message-ID: <1B3F2E002D9AD04BBC1A27B370F29EB9022F34@exchange2003.dspace.de>

It seems that the ocx only works in a GUI environment. Perhaps you could
try to embed
the ocx in a pythonwin dialog which you create invisible since the
dialog is then 
a control container

see "Python24\Lib\site-packages\pythonwin\pywin\Demos\ocx\ocxtest.py"

	Stefan

> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+sschukat=dspace.de at python.org 
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+sschukat=dspace.de at python.org] On 
> Behalf Of gregarican
> Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 1:37 PM
> To: python-list at python.org
> Subject: COM Makepy Question
> 
> Using Pythonwin's COM Makepy utility I created a COM wrapper 
> around an OCX file that's used to communicate with a 
> magstripe card reader. The wrapper was created without 
> incident and I can invoke any "get" type of method without a 
> problem. But whenever I attempt to invoke any of the "set" 
> type of methods I receive an error message that states:
> 
> (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, 'ctlUSBHID', 'Client 
> Site not available', None, 1000398, -2146827890), None)
> 
> Googling around I see that this error message indicates an 
> ActiveX control that's being referenced without residing 
> within a container.
> Not sure if this is something that I can fix myself within 
> the Makepy COM wrapper or if I have to rely on the vendor 
> shipping an updated OCX file. I did see a Python discussion 
> thread where someone else ran into a similar problem and had 
> to wait for the vendor to ship a revised OCX file.
> 
> Dolphin Smalltalk has a similar COM wrapper utility and the 
> same exact error occurs. The OCX file is ideally suited for 
> Visual Basic but I don't have that compilation environment 
> setup on my workstation to try out.
> 
> Anyone familiar with such matters? I have contacted the 
> vendor to try to initiate things on that end. But if there's 
> something I can do to circumvent that route using Python I'd 
> give it a go.
> 
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> 


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 11:03:27 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:03:27 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<7xirldkees.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <p%ozg.1792$W93.161@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> Well I am under NDA so I cannot tell you what the application is - I need
>> numbers (dec) with up to 24 digits.
> 
> You actually need to represent numbers up to 10**24??
> 
>> As I said, I went the other way - more data on the line (from dev 1 to
>> dev 2) - but I feel there is no speed issue at this stage.
> 
> What are your memory constraints?

On device #1 no constraint for my purpose. On the smartcard, the tradeoff is
between using EEPROM (plenty + slow + small life expectancy) for temp
variables versus RAM (very little) ... but I do not think it is an issue
eather in my case. Speed is what worries me most (crypto takes time).

But so far so good.

Regards,

Philippe



From adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 15 22:17:21 2006
From: adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com (adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 19:17:21 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
In-Reply-To: <1153012051.165955.101350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153012051.165955.101350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153016241.543340.178810@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


David Boddie wrote:

> The module structures for PyQt3 and PyQt4 are quite different: the
> monolithic qt module from PyQt3 has been replaced by a number of
> modules in PyQt4. Despite this, there is a similar way to "import qt"
> in PyQt4:
>
>   from PyQt4 import Qt
>
> However, you will have difficulty using the examples in that book
> because it was written for PyQt3.

Ah yes, it doesn't recognise "QApplication" now. Never mind.

> Work is underway to "port" the book
> to PyQt4, but it will take some time. (You can help with this and learn
> about PyQt4 at the same time, if you want.)

Er...you might be overestimating my potential unless there's some
*really* entry-level material to be dealt with there. Though they do
say it's a good way to learn. Is there a forum?

> In the meantime, the set of slides from a talk at EuroPython 2006 is
> probably the only learning material on the web for PyQt4:
>
> http://indico.cern.ch/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=33&amp;sessionId=41&amp;confId=44
>
> There's plenty of learning material for Qt 4; the official
> documentation at http://doc.trolltech.com/4.1 contains examples
> and overviews that are readable if you already know C++.

One of the reasons I chose Python was so I wouldn't have to, alas.

Thanks!



From vatamane at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 14:52:57 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 11:52:57 -0700
Subject: dicts vs classes
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153843050.825936.254920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153853577.128584.281820@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Don't optimize prematurely. Write whatever is cleaner, simpler and
makes more sense. Such that if someone (or even yourself) looks at it
10 years from now they'll know exactly what  is going on.  As far as
what is slower or what functionality you will use and what you won't --
well, if you won't use it then why worry about it and to find out if it
is slower run a quick benchmark and you'll know...
-NickV

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> Simon Hibbs:
> > It seems to me that unless you
> > need some of the functionality supplied with dictionaries (len(a),
> > has_key, etc) then simple objects are a syntacticaly cleaner and more
> > natural way to express yourself.
>
> I'd say the opposite. Classes contain a dict of their attributes, etc.
> So if you don't need the functionality supplied by objects, then using
> simpler dictionaries is better. (But in the end the choice has to be
> made according to the specific situations).
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 06:23:52 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 03:23:52 -0700
Subject: When is Django going to...
Message-ID: <1153823032.615318.8610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

support Oracle and MS SQL Server? I just realized that's gonna be a big
blow for my case against RoR because we use both databases almost
exclusively, we don't use any of Django supported database actually.

I did a search and found that there was an Oracle support
committed--but is it going to make it into any release any time soon?

Thanks
Ray



From kenneth.m.mcdonald at sbcglobal.net  Fri Jul  7 14:12:18 2006
From: kenneth.m.mcdonald at sbcglobal.net (Kenneth McDonald)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 13:12:18 -0500
Subject: Parsing HTML--looking for info/comparison of HTMLParser vs. htmllib
	modules.
Message-ID: <44AEA402.8020007@sbcglobal.net>

I'm writing a program that will parse HTML and (mostly) convert it to 
MediaWiki format. The two Python modules I'm aware of to do this are 
HTMLParser and htmllib. However, I'm currently experiencing either real 
or conceptual difficulty with both, and was wondering if I could get 
some advice.

The problem I'm having with HTMLParser is simple; I don't seem to be 
getting the actual text in the HTML document. I've implemented the 
do_data method of HTMLParser.HTMLParser in my HTMLParser subclass, but 
it never seems to receive any data. Is there another way to access the 
text chunks as they come along?

HTMLParser would probably be the way to go if I can figure this out. It 
seems much simpler than htmllib, and satisfies my requirements.

htmllib will write out the text data (using the AbstractFormatter and 
AbstractWriter), but my problem here is conceptual. I simply don't 
understand why all of these different "levels" of abstractness are 
necessary, nor how to use them. As an example, the html <i>text</i> 
should be converted to ''text'' (double single-quotes at each end) in my 
mediawiki markup output. This would obviously be easy to achieve if I 
simply had an html parse that called a method for each start tag, text 
chunk, and end tag. But htmllib calls the tag functions in HTMLParser, 
and then does more things with both a formatter and a writer. To me, 
both seem unnecessarily complex (though I suppose I can see the benefits 
of a writer before generators gave the opportunity to simply yield 
chunks of output to be processed by external code.) In any case, I don't 
really have a good idea of what I should do with htmllib to get my 
converted tags, and then content, and then closing converted tags, 
written out.

Please feel free to point to examples, code, etc. Probably the simplest 
solution would be a way to process text content in HTMLParser.HTMLParser.

Thanks,
Ken


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 12:35:41 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:35:41 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> 
(snip)
>>>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>>>
>>>
>>>That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
>>>in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages
>>
>>Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?
> 
> 
> Whatever, if both C and Lisp can both talk about variables, I don't
> see why python can't

Guess where the term "binding" comes from.

> 
>>>to use
>>>the term.
>>
>>IYO.
> 
> 
> So? The statement that python doesn't has variables is just your opinion.

The statement that "Python doesn't has variables" is meant to emphasis
the very difference between C-like variables and Python bindings.

> 
>>>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>>>values.
>>>
>>>
>>>That is just an implementation issue. 

yes, your favourite argument ever.

>>> Nothing prevents variables to
>>>be associated with an index in a list.
>>
>>Do you understand what "somewhat simplified" means ?
> 
> 
> Not the difference between a list and a dictionary.

You don't understand the difference between a list and a dict ?

FWIW, the module and the classes namespaces are really implemented with
dicts. Functions namespaces are not IIRC, but I can't find the link no more.

> 
>>>>So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>>>than a name.
>>>
>>>
>>>In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 
>>
>>Yes : it holds type and storage class informations too.
> 
> 
> If you want so. But that is totally irrelevant for considering
> something as a variable or not. 

This is relevant when talking about the difference between C variables
and Python bindings.

> If someone would wish to extend
> python with a type system, 

In case you don't know, it already has one.

> 
>>>The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>>>will hold something.
>>
>>The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
>>stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
>>bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
>>direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits.
>  
> That doesn't need to be. A C-implementation could use directories.

"could", yes. But I'm not talking about language grammar.

>>Indeed. Now could you tell us what was your point, exactly ? 
> 
> Just showing that the object not knowing which identifiers
> it is bound to is irrelevant.

Someone in this thread used a 'post-it' metaphor that more or less
implied that the name was 'post-it'ed' on the object. Which is not the
case. Hence my precision on this.

And I still fail to get the whole point of your post.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 12:44:29 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:44:29 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8620.1154011749.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8620.1154011749.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c8ed6f$0$18856$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-27 09:42:16, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to "actual" Python
>>>objects? 
>>
>>Exactly.
>>
>>
>>>That idea has been working well for me so far.
>>
>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>>
>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>values. So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>than a name. And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
>>bound to.
> 
> 
> I see that, and this thread and your and others explanations have been
> helpful in seeing deeper. 
> 
> But can't this be expressed -- maybe -- as the variable name "holding" the
> reference

s/the/a/

> that is associated to it through the dict? Aside the explicit
> mentioning of the dict (which I agree is in itself a value, especially
> since that dict exists and can be accessed as dict), the image seems to
> provide the same analogy.

What bother me with the "hold" term is that I understand it as meaning
that the name is some kind of container by itself - which it is not.
Consider the following:

d = dict()
d['name'] = 'parrot'

Would you say that the string "name" 'holds a reference' to the string
"parrot" ? Obviously not - it's the dict that holds this reference.

My 2 cents...
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From lists at fabis-site.net  Mon Jul 17 11:40:22 2006
From: lists at fabis-site.net (Fabian Steiner)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:40:22 +0200
Subject: Starting a GUI application out of an console application
Message-ID: <e9gb16$fd2$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Hello!

I am currently working on an alternative for the gnome-volume-manager 
for multiseat systems based on HAL and DBus. Whenever the signal 
'DeviceAdded' is received I would like to start a GUI-Interface where 
the user can choose from different options. But now I am wondering how I 
should start this interface since this GUI must be started by a console 
daemon. What is the most common way to do that?

Usually, I start a PyQt application that way:

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ui = Dialog()
app.setMainWidget(ui)
ui.show()
app.exec_loop()

If I start it that way, I am not quite sure whether this will work since 
I have got two main loops then (the one of console daemon [implemented 
by using gobject.MainLoop().run()] and the Qt one). Moreover, once the 
Qt application is started, it should run independently of the console 
daemon.

Unfortunately, I can't think of any possibility to achieve this aim. Do 
you have any suggestions?


From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 20:12:17 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:12:17 -0700
Subject: Nuther problem with 'dive into Python'
In-Reply-To: <1154351036.7157.67.camel@localhost.localdomain>
References: <1154351036.7157.67.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <1154391137.20290.111.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 14:03 +0100, Ben Edwards wrote:
> Am going through Chapter 9 - HTTP Web Services in dive into Python.  It
> uses the following:
> 
> data = urllib.urlopen('http://diveintomark.org/xml/atom.xml').read()
> 
> The page no longer exists, can anyone recommend an alternative page to
> use?

Perhaps any one of the approximately 100 million pages with Atom
feeds?  

Google is your friend:

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=lang_en&safe=off&q=blog
+atom&btnG=Search

Results 1 - 10 of about 105,000,000 English pages for blog atom. 

Cliff

-- 



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 10:13:16 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:13:16 +0200
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e988mj$2qd$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e988qq$3de$1@sea.gmane.org>

>> How do I get SW_MAXIMIZE to be defined?
>
> by grepping through the Windows header files to see what the corresponding
> value is, and using that value to set a Python variable in your script

oops.  thought you were using ctypes, not the pythonwin extensions.  see richie's
reply for pythonwin details.

</F> 





From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 12 08:55:57 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 14:55:57 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Hi Claudio,

cz wrote:
>> Perhaps you need to rephrase your question.
>> --
>> Steven.
> 
> Thanks for your reply.
> OK, I'll try to make this more clear:
> My list called "elten" looks like that:
> 
> [Tensor: id = 1,  intensity = 2976.52
>  xx = -1447.32, xy = 52.458, xz = -594.186
>  yy = -1090.54, yz = -0.0158068, zz = -4043.
> , Tensor: id = 26,  intensity = 2896.9
>  ...
> , Tensor: id = 5,  intensity = 2920.5
>  xx = -1534.53, xy = 23.4858, xz = -623.967
>  yy = -1070.47, yz = 99.6301, zz = -3979.87
> ]
> 
> Now with
>>> print elten[1].id
> I will get "1" as an answer.
> Or with
>>> print elten[1].intensity
> it will print "2976.52".
> But this doesn't work for >>print elten[1].xx, why? So that's how I
> came to the question how to access these values. Any idea?

The list above is not a valid Python list. What is it that you store in that list?

Or is it maybe a dictionary?

Stefan


From abstractj at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 11:06:00 2006
From: abstractj at gmail.com (JenAsh)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 08:06:00 -0700
Subject: Python Stripped CSS Background Image Calls
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.25.05.27.49.707513@gmx.net>
References: <1153800112.281524.171410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.05.27.49.707513@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153839960.864146.139900@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Marc,

Yes, there is a web framework, basically the CSS is used as the layout
wrapper of the Python script. It is a include call within the Python
script.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 11:00:07 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 17:00:07 +0200
Subject: Problems with Unicode Plane 1 characters on Windows
In-Reply-To: <63eb7fa90607120651i39a0e00fwc91457d8716d2a50@mail.gmail.com>
References: <63eb7fa90607120651i39a0e00fwc91457d8716d2a50@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e932pm$7ji$1@sea.gmane.org>

Edin Salkovi? wrote:

> Why doesn't the following code work on Windows XP, although it works
> on Linux (Ubuntu 6.06). Both versions are of Python are 2.4, and both
> OSs are on the same PC.
> 
>>>> import unicodedata
>>>> unicodedata.name(U'\U0001d400')
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: need a single Unicode character as parameter
> 
> The output should say:
> MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL A

hint:

 >>> len(u'\U0001d400')
2

Python's Unicode system uses 16-bit values internally on some platforms, 
and 32-bit values on some platforms.  on 16-bit platforms, code points 
outside the BMP are stored as surrogate pairs.

also see:

     http://pyref.infogami.com/type-unicode

</F>



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 04:41:39 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:41:39 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <1149829487.457604.17510@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1149863687.298352.45980@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><7zpshbsvjy.fsf@app-1.diku.dk>
	<4fb97sF1if8l6U1@individual.net><7zu06lqxhu.fsf@app-1.diku.dk><1150454445.151167.283520@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><7zslm58ggp.fsf@app-1.diku.dk><1150706890.543243.284430@h76g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><7zy7vt1mz2.fsf@app-3.diku.dk><MPG.1f006ea363b2e2ba9896c4@news.altopia.net><1150731889.008745.12180@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><MPG.1f007f6a483b5e7d9896c6@news.altopia.net><1150794745.148997.245840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><MPG.1f01b1f6ac0e45ec9896cf@news.altopia.net><4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net><MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net><7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk><44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net><%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk><2oDsg.14592$Wh7.11783@trnddc07>
	<CRDsg.56590$181.46496@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <e8vo83$bta$1@sea.gmane.org>

David Hopwood wrote:

> Yes, I'm well aware that most of this thread has been off-topic for c.l.p.m,
> but it is no less off-topic for the other groups (except possibly c.l.functional),
> and I can't trim the Newsgroups line down to nothing.

is someone forcing your to post off-topic stuff against your will?  sounds scary.
do you want us to call the police?

</F> 





From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Tue Jul 18 12:03:42 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 18:03:42 +0200
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>

GinTon wrote:
> GinTon wrote:
>> In csv.reader, is there any way of skip lines that start whith '#' or
>> empty lines
>> I would add comments at my CSV file
> 
> For skip comment I get a dirty trick:
> 
> reader = csv.reader(open(csv_file))
> for csv_line in reader:
>     if csv_line[0].startswith('#'):
>         continue
> 
> But not possible let blank lines.
> 
> I think that CSV class should to let skip comments and new lines of
> auto. way.
> 

write an iterator that filters line to your liking and use it as input 
to cvs.reader:

def CommentStripper (iterator):
     for line in iterator:
         if line [:1] == '#':
             continue
         if not line.strip ():
             continue
         yield line

reader = csv.reader (CommentStripper (open (csv_file)))

CommentStripper is actually quite useful for other files. Of course 
there might be differences if a comment starts
- on the first character
- on the first non-blank character
- anywhere in the line

Daniel


From istvan.albert at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 11:40:52 2006
From: istvan.albert at gmail.com (Istvan Albert)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 08:40:52 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1152373251.931674.239500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> It's not in Jython nor IronPython and maybe not forever in
> CPython.

Whether or not a feature is present in Jython or IronPython does not
seem relevant, after all these languages emulate Python, one could
argue that it only means that this emulation is incomplete.  Same for
changes way out in the future that may or may not materialize. 

i.



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul 21 00:48:32 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 00:48:32 -0400
Subject: Note on PEP 299
References: <1153408904.879310.139640@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9pmb1$s4v$1@sea.gmane.org>


<bearophileHUGS at lycos.com> wrote in message 
news:1153408904.879310.139640 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com...
>I don't like much the syntax of:
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>
> Some time ago I have read this PEP:
> http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0299/
>
> And why it was refused:
> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-March/062955.html
>
> I think the name of the standard main function may be just main(), so
> there isn't the problem with the import (and *maybe* the problem with
> multiple Python versions can be ignored with Python 3.0).

This idea, and a couple of variations, have come up in the Py3 discussions, 
so something might be tried.

tjr





From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Fri Jul 14 11:06:39 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:06:39 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden:
> The real problems with the Py3k list seem to be associated with a number
> of people who, despite having had little apparent connection to the
> language until now, have joined the list and started making
> inappropriate suggestions, which then have to be (patiently) rejected.

This attitude may have some downsides. The Python developers don't know
everything, other people can have some experience of computer languages
too. So people coming from different languages, like Erlang, Ruby,
Dylan, Io, CommonLisp, C#, Haskell, and Lua can give useful suggestions
to update and 'improve' Python. Often their suggestions can be unfit
for Python, but if you don't waste a little of time evaluating their
ideas, you lose some possibilities. Python 3.0 isn't just an occasion
to remove some rust and obsolete things from Python, but a way to
invent and adopt different ideas too. So I think wasting some time in
that way is positive for Py 3.0 devs.

Bye,
bearophile



From stijndesaeger at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:24:49 2006
From: stijndesaeger at gmail.com (vdrab)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:24:49 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8015.1152609729.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org> <e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8015.1152609729.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152624289.419320.29050@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


>   >>> isinstance(1, object)
> True
>
> What's 1 . len() ?

That's easy!
since 1 is actually syntactic sugar for set([set([])]), clearly 1.len()
== 1.

;-)
v.
(actually, make that frozenset([frozenset([])])...)



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 21:33:34 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 18:33:34 -0700
Subject: Help with arrays of strings
References: <mailman.8767.1154392820.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154396014.600671.53920@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Jon Smirl wrote:
> I only have a passing acquaintance with Python and I need to modify some
> existing code. This code is going to get called with 10GB of data so it
> needs to be fairly fast.
>
> http://cvs2svn.tigris.org/ is code for converting a CVS repository to
> Subversion. I'm working on changing it to convert from CVS to git.
>
> The existing Python RCS parser provides me with the CVS deltas as
> strings.I need to get these deltas into an array of lines so that I can
> apply the diff commands that add/delete lines (like 10 d20, etc). What is
> the most most efficient way to do this? The data structure needs to be
> able to apply the diffs efficently too.
>
> The strings have embedded @'s doubled as an escape sequence, is there an
> efficient way to convert these back to single @'s?
>
> After each diff is applied I need to convert the array of lines back into
> a string, generate a sha-1 over it and then compress it with zlib and
> finally write it to disk.
>
> The 10GB of data is Mozilla CVS when fully expanded.
>
> Thanks for any tips on how to do this.
>
> Jon Smirl
> jonsmirl at gmail.com

Splitting a string into a list (array) of lines is easy enough,  if you
want to discard the line endings,

lines = s.splitlines()

or, if you want to keep them,

lines = s.splitlines(True)

replacing substrings in a string is also easy,

s = s.replace('@@', '@')

For efficiency, you'll probably want to do the replacement first, then
split:

lines = s.replace('@@', '@').splitlines()


Once you've got your list of lines, python's awesome list manipulation
should makes applying diffs very easy.  For instance, to replace lines
3 to 7 (starting at zero) you could assign a list (containing the
replacement lines) to a "slice" of the list of lines:

lines[3:8] = replacement_lines

Where replacement_lines is a list containing the replacement lines.
There's a lot more to this, read up on python's lists.


To convert the list back into one string use the join() method; if you
kept the line endings,

s = "".join(lines)

or if you threw them away,

s = "\n".join(lines)

Python has standard modules for sha-1 digest, sha, and zlib
compression, zlib.  See http://docs.python.org/lib/lib.html

HTH, enjoy,
~Simon



From iainking at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:25:03 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:25:03 -0700
Subject: Full splitting of a file's pathname
In-Reply-To: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152545103.027095.293630@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


tac-tics wrote:
> I know about os.path.split(), but Is there any standard function for
> "fully" splitting a file's pathname? A function that is the opposite of
> the os.path.join() function? For example:
>
> >>> ret = myster_function(./foo/bar/moo/lar/myfile.txt)
> >>> print ret
> ['.', 'foo', 'bar', 'moo', 'lar', 'myfile.txt']
>
> In the meanwhile, I'll do this by hand. I'm just curious if there is a
> standard way to do this.

Simple function using os.path.split (so it should be fairly
compatible):

def split(path):
    h,t = os.path.split(path)
    if h == path:
        return [h]
    else:
        return split(h) + [t]

You could throw in os.path.splitdrive and os.path.splitunc, if you
wanted to be really complete.

Iain



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul  2 19:55:12 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 01:55:12 +0200
Subject: wanted: framework for creating nice step by step graphical
	visualisations of running Python code
In-Reply-To: <1151876765.458048.325670@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <e899q8$bgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<1151876765.458048.325670@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e89met$15m$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> I remember Gato:
> http://gato.sourceforge.net/
> It animates only algorithms on graphs, but it seems a starting point,
> and it works.
> 
> I vaguely remember another system, but probably not very good.
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile
> 
Yes, I have noticed Gato already before, but was not able to find my way 
into it - I am missing a kind of tutorial explaining what it is all 
about - the description of available classes or demos don't tell me much 
about it, so I have no idea how to start - is there any tutorial out 
there explaining it from the very beginning what is it for, how it does 
it and why?
By the way: it seems to be very slow on my 3 GHz Pentium 4 system ...

Any other hints?

Claudio


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 02:01:18 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:01:18 +1000
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<fibla2dau367le82aqjv81ireq51qs8pit@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.06.01.18.100242@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 18:25:14 +0000, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> 	I suspect what you really want (I'm not going to open an interpreter
> to test) is:
> 
> 	def __init__(self, value, extra=None):
> 		int.__init__(self, value)

Yes, that's exactly what I meant -- it was a copy-and-paste and I didn't
clean it up correctly.

Thanks,


-- 
Steven.



From valle at di.unito.it  Sun Jul  9 16:35:15 2006
From: valle at di.unito.it (andrea valle)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 22:35:15 +0200
Subject: scheduling accuracy for audio
In-Reply-To: <7xac7i8zhl.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.7941.1152453044.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xac7i8zhl.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <8546d2395dd6f6d4c5cea77442268f87@di.unito.it>

Thanks Paul,
that's what I suspected.

-a-



On 9 Jul 2006, at 19:22, Paul Rubin wrote:

> andrea valle <andrea.valle at unito.it> writes:
>> In order to have sequencing I have to send at precise timing messages
>> from Python to SC. Obviously, being a musical application, I need
>> millisecond time accuracy, with less latency as possible or at least a
>> fixed (short) latency. More, I need to have multithreading, with many
>> processes sending messages from Python to SC.
>
> You really can't get that kind of accuracy with a non-realtime OS.
> The way this is handled in actual audio applications the sound board
> has a fair amount of buffering, so you send the right number of
> samples and precise scheduling isn't so important.
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
>
Andrea Valle
DAMS - Facolt? di Scienze della Formazione
Universit? degli Studi di Torino
http://www.semiotiche.it/andrea
andrea.valle at unito.it



From nick at craig-wood.com  Thu Jul 27 05:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 04:30:03 -0500
Subject: subprocess module
References: <1153966008.563080.50390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnech01a.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

placid <Bulkan at gmail.com> wrote:
> >>> import subprocess
> >>> p = subprocess.Popen(["ffmpeg.exe -i video.mpg", "-f mjpeg  -ss 5 -vframes 1 -s 160x120 -an video.gif"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
> 
>  but the ffmpeg complains about the input file being corrupter, whereas
>  when i run the same command via the command shell (cmd.exe) it works.
>  Does anyone know what the problem is?

Here is an idea to try: I would say you've mixed up the two styles of
passing arguments, either pass

  args = "ffmpeg.exe -i video.mpg -f mjpeg  -ss 5 -vframes 1 -s 160x120 -an video.gif"
  p = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

or

  args = ['ffmpeg.exe', '-i', 'video.mpg', '-f', 'mjpeg', '', '-ss', '5', '-vframes', '1', '-s', '160x120', '-an', 'video.gif']
  p = subprocess.Popen(args, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

If you mix the two styles then you are probably heading for trouble
with argument quoting.

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 18:36:07 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 17:36:07 -0500
Subject: Math package
In-Reply-To: <1154205226.881465.172070@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<1154202722.389656.244660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154205226.881465.172070@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eagns9$8bt$1@sea.gmane.org>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> I will write the problem a little more clearer so that you guys can
> recommend me better.
> 
> In a graphs of size N ( where, N = 1e9), each node has a degree D=1000.
> i.e There are overall (D*N)/2 edges in the graph. This graph needs to
> be generated randomly using the program.

You will need to specify your desired random generation algorithm a bit better. 
There are lots of ways to do that, and different choices will affect your 
results substantially. They will also affect your *ability* to get results.

> Now my task is to find the shortest distance from each node to every
> other node. And finally I want to find is the average distance from one
> node to another node in the graph. This is an average Erdos number or
> equivalently what degree of seperation exists in the graph.
> 
> I can start with low values of N and D but my ultimate aim is to
> simulate this graph on big values of N and D.

You probably won't be able to get up to N=1e9 and D=1000. The memory 
requirements are just too large even with a better data structure than an 
adjacency matrix (possibly the worst one you could use for problems this size).

However, for smaller graphs, you will probably want to look at the Boost Graph 
Library, as someone else has already mentioned, and LANL's NetworkX package. It 
was written for the statistical study of large networks (though not as large as 
you want).

   https://networkx.lanl.gov/

If you have a large cluster available, you might be able to parallelize your 
algorithms using the Parallel Boost Graph Library. I don't believe that Python 
bindings are available though. Your ability to solve your problem will also 
depend on the structure of the graph that you generated. Some networks 
parallelize better than others. Look at the "Performance" link on the site below.

   http://osl.iu.edu/research/pbgl/

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Tue Jul 25 12:25:56 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 11:25:56 -0500
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Mpqxg.1$DA3.0@dukeread05>
	<1153843544.514362.78530@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ZDrxg.8$DA3.7@dukeread05>

Mr. Roboto wrote:

> Phillipe:  Actually, it's not performance of the core app that concerns
> me.  I'm thinking more about UI/form *design* productivity.  I've done
> a lot of Access work over the years and while the stand-alone VB form
> designer isn't quite as thorough, it's still one of the slickest out
> there.  Unfortunately, there's no designer for PyWin and wxPython's
> XRC is nice but not in the same league as what can be done w/ Delphi
> or VB.  Yes, I'm aware that wxWidgets has a real form designer, but
> that's yet another story, for another day.
> 
> Making XRC into a more fully-featured tool (more on par w/ the
> aforementioned) is a way nice project unto itself, but not right now.
> However, the desk accessory I've mentioned is an excellent 1st step
> towards *possibly* doing something much bigger....
> 
> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> Do you have major performances issues ? why not write everything in
>> Python/WxPython ?
>>
>>
>> I used to write my applications in VB6 with python com objects ... and
>> decided there was no gain there.
>> 
>> Regards,
>> 
>> Philippe

I personally _really_ like wxDesigner (http://www.roebling.de/)  and as
under VB6, I always avoided having the tables filled for me (bound forms if
I recall) I have not found my productivity go down ... but then again, I
never was a VB expert.

1)
As others have said, it is very easy to make a Python com object (thank you
Mark!) - and as long as Windows keeps supporting COM ....

2)
I chose the COM option

3)
If your script does not handle exceptions, you'll have a fairly cryptic VB
dialog box telling you about your python com object unhapiness - I find it
more easy to handle the expections in the script

4)
Yes it takes space - I have an application that uses Python, wxPython,
Gadfly, pyserial, HTMLGen ..... and the whole thing takes 120M

I used visual studio to buld a single install for everything- works well.


The one open issue I have about wxPython in a com object is how the main
event loop (in your core application) will react if a com object with GUI
pops-up ... never tried it.

Regards,

Philippe








From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 19 12:42:55 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:42:55 GMT
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <44be40c1$0$21612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
	<44be40c1$0$21612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <jitvg.2523$No6.50631@news.tufts.edu>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
>> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>>
>>> Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
>>> the problem with inheritance or a meta class?
>>
>> From my experience with C#, the only real use for partial classes is
>> when you want to separate your GUI code from the rest of your logic.
> 
> What the ... is GUI code doing in a domain object ???
> 
> 
> 

well, as far as visual studio goes, it puts the GUI code in a partial 
class that you don't see, and then you do the rest of your coding in the 
other part of the same class...i suppose you can change it however you 
like, but that's the way it starts...


From http  Wed Jul 26 12:50:17 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:50:17 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
> The problem I have is a large distributed system, that's the reality
> of it.  The short summary, I need to use and control 100+ machines in
> a computing farm.  They all need to share memory or to actively
> communicate with each other via some other mechanism.  Without giving
> any other details, that's the problem I have to solve.

Have you looked at POSH yet?   http://poshmodule.sf.net

There's also an shm module that's older and maybe more reliable.
Or you might be able to just use mmap.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 22:51:58 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 12:51:58 +1000
Subject: sqlite3 in Python 2.5b1: my out-of-the-box experience
Message-ID: <44a9d7cc@news.eftel.com>

Apologies in advance if this is a bit bloggy, but I'd like to get 
comments on whether I've lost the plot (or, more likely, failed to 
acquire it) before I start reporting bugs etc.

 From "What's new ...":
"""
# Create table
c.execute('''create table stocks
(date timestamp, trans varchar, symbol varchar,
  qty decimal, price decimal)''')

# Insert a row of data
c.execute("""insert into stocks
           values ('2006-01-05','BUY','RHAT',100,35.14)""")
"""

Point 1: Maybe that "timestamp" type for the first column should be 
"date". More on this later.

Point 2: Maybe naming a column "date" wouldn't survive a real code 
review :-)

Query results:
(u'2006-01-05', u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)
(u'2006-03-28', u'BUY', u'IBM', 1000, 45.0)

Point 3: Column 1 neither looks nor quacks like a datetime.datetime 
instance.

Point 4: Column 5 is quacking like a float, not a 'decimal'.

Point 5: There are no docs for sqlite3 in the Windows docs gadget that's 
included in the 2.5b1 msi file [or the install didn't blow away the 
2.5a2 docs gadget]. There are docs however at 
http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/module-sqlite3.html

Looking for a way to get dates back instead of strings ... found 
12.13.4.4 Default adapters and converters

Point 6: The example works (produces instances of datetime.* instead of 
Unicode strings) but doesn't explain why *both* varieties of type 
detection are specified in the connect() call.

Wrote a script to check out points 1 and 6:

8<--- start of script ---
import sqlite3, datetime

CREATE = """
     create table stocks (
         trans_date %s,
         trans varchar,
         symbol varchar,
         qty decimal,
         price decimal
         )
     """

INSERT = """
     insert into stocks
         values ('2006-01-05','BUY','RHAT',100,35.14)
     """

def test(col1type, detect_types):
     conn = sqlite3.connect(":memory:", detect_types=detect_types)
     c = conn.cursor()
     c.execute(CREATE % col1type)
     c.execute(INSERT)
     c.execute('select * from stocks')
     for row in c:
         print row
     conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
     for ty in ['timestamp', 'date']:
         for detective in [
             0,
             sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES,
             sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES,
             sqlite3.PARSE_COLNAMES | sqlite3.PARSE_DECLTYPES,
             ]:
             print "\ntest(%r, %d):" % (ty, detective)
             test(ty, detective)
8<--- end of script ---

Results of running script:

test('timestamp', 0):
(u'2006-01-05', u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('timestamp', 2):
(None, u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('timestamp', 1):
(None, u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('timestamp', 3):
(None, u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('date', 0):
(u'2006-01-05', u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('date', 2):
(datetime.date(2006, 1, 5), u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('date', 1):
(datetime.date(2006, 1, 5), u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

test('date', 3):
(datetime.date(2006, 1, 5), u'BUY', u'RHAT', 100, 35.140000000000001)

Point 7: Type detection on a "timestamp" column causes None to be 
retrieved after a date-only (yyyy-mm-dd) string is inserted. An 
exception (or maybe defaulting the time part to 00:00:00) would be much 
less astonishing.

Point 8: The test definitely doesn't use "... as [... date]" anywhere, 
but PARSE_COLNAMES used in isolation appears to cause retrieval as a 
datetime.date.

Point 9: IMHO the default should be to do both forms of type detection.

Comments on any of the above would be appreciated.

Cheers,
John


From nephish at xit.net  Sun Jul 16 15:55:46 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 12:55:46 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
Message-ID: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

lo there,
i have a simple app that connects to a socket to get info from a server

i looks like this

serverhost = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'
serverport = 9520
aeris_sockobj = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
aeris_sockobj.connect((serverhost,serverport))

while 1:
    do this or that with socket,
    send and receive info.
    yadda yadda yadda


works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection.
so, what i need is something that will let me know if the connection
is still ok, if not will reconnect.

what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain port one at
a time,
that i could use a try-except to connect every time, if it could not
connect (because it already is) then i would just continue on. But if
it is not connected, it would reconnect.
that is what brings me here. Seems like it would work, but is there a
better way ? this kinda seems like a dirty hack.

any opinions ?

thanks.



From belred at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:25:53 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 06:25:53 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <e8vmga$6bi$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org><e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>	<e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e8vmga$6bi$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e908u1$678$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> "Bryan" wrote:
> 
>>> and how do you make sure that everything subclasses this base class ?
>> in this hypothetical case, i was assuming len() would be put in object and every
>> class subclasses object implicitly or explicitly (ie, new style classes only).
>> if it was done that way, would len(obj) == obj.len() in all cases?
> 
> why should *everything* be forced to have a length ?
> 
> </F> 
> 

good point.  you're right, everything should not have to be forced to have a 
length.  i thought ruby did something like putting length functionality in their 
highest level base class.  then subclasses would either inherit it or could 
modify it in their own class.  my coworker who knows ruby complains about 
python's len(obj) too.  so i assumed ruby implements this in their equivalent 
base object class.  i just briefly searched the ruby docs, but i can't seem to 
find it.  if it is done this way in ruby, then i wonder what happens what 
obj.length would return for objects that you would not normally associate as 
having a length, such as what steve holden mentioned 1.length.



bryan



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Fri Jul  7 22:19:37 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 12:19:37 +1000
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.08.02.19.35.452621@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Fri, 07 Jul 2006 09:39:38 -0700, Ant wrote:

> 
>> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>> [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
>> # line injected by a malicious user
>> "__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')"
>> [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> I'm curious, if you disabled import, could you make eval safe?

Safer, but possibly not safe.

> For example:
> 
>>>> eval("__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')")
> if I were bad I could do worse
> 0
>>>> eval("__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')", {'__import__': lambda x:None})
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>   File "<string>", line 0, in ?
> AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'system'
> 
> So, it seems to be possible to disable access to imports, but is this
> enough? Are there other ways to access modules, or do damage via
> built-in commands?

Does your code already import os? Then there is no need for the import at
all.

eval("os.system('echo BOOM!')",{'__import__': lambda x:None})

Or, we can do this:

bomb = """eval("__import__('os').system('echo BOOM!')", __builtins__)"""
eval(bomb, {'__import__': None})

The obvious response is to block eval:

eval(bomb, {'__import__': None, 'eval': None})

Does this make it safe now? I don't know -- I've hunted around for ten
minutes trying to break it, and haven't, but that might just mean I'm not
enough of a hacker or thinking deviously enough. Possibly eval() is more
limited, and therefore "safer", than exec, but I wouldn't want to risk
real data on that assumption.

Of course, this approach only protects against one class of attacks.
Suppose Evil J. Cracker has write access to your file, and is happy enough
with just a denial of service attack:

[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np'*1024**4, 'gen': u'm'})]

Do you have a couple of terrabytes of free memory on your system?

Of course, if your code is only going to be used by *trusted* users, then
you don't have to worry about malicious attacks. You do have to worry
about accidental bugs though. What if one of the lines is missing a
delimiter or otherwise malformed? The call to eval() will fail, and your
code will halt. Is that what you want, or is it better to skip over the
bad data and continue? (A try...except... block could be useful here.)

Anyway, eval is a legitimate tool to use, although it is often over-kill
for the tasks people use it for. In the Original Poster's example, he
doesn't really want to evaluate an arbitrary Python expression, he wants
to evaluate a specific data structure. 


> It seems that there must be a way to use eval safely, 

"Must" does not mean "I wish there was".

> as there are
> plenty of apps that embed python as a scripting language - 

As Fredrik points out, embedded Python isn't the same as running
untrusted code. The reality is, Python has not been designed for running
untrusted code safely. There was an attempt at a restricted-execution
module, but Guido decided to remove it -- see this thread here for his
reasoning:

http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2002-December/031160.html

> and what's
> the point of an eval function if impossible to use safely, and you have
> to write your own Python parser!!

As for eval, it's a sledge-hammer. Sledge-hammers are legitimate tools,
for when you need one. eval is for evaluating arbitrary Python
expressions -- my rule of thumb (yours may be different) is that any time
I expect arbitrary data, eval is the right tool for the job, but if I
expect *specific* data, I use something else.

Imagine if the only way to get an integer was by calling eval on the
string -- I think we'd all agree that would be a bad move. Instead we have
a function which does nothing but convert strings (well, any object
really) to integers: int. It would be great if Python included tools to do
the same for dicts and lists, reducing the need for people to use a
sledge-hammer.

Anyway, my point was that you, the developer, have to weigh up the costs
and benefits of eval over a custom parser. The benefit is that eval is
already there, built-in and debugged. The costs are that it can be
insecure, and that it doesn't give you fine control over what data you
parse or how forgiving the parser is.

After that, the decision is yours.


-- 
Steven.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 10:19:27 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:19:27 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hf5vdF17mf1gU1@uni-berlin.de>

mystilleef wrote:

> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
> code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
> attribute and move on. Well, I'm glad python has properties. It's a
> feature that should be advertised more, especially for large scale
> python development.

Ergh, I don't see how the name-changing of an attribute makes any difference
with respect to the application of getters/setters. 

Where is the difference in searching my_attribute vs. getMyAttribute
throughout your code?

Or do you mean that you changed

def getFoo(self):
    return self.foo

to something like 

def getFoo(self):
    return self.fooSomething

? I'd say that whatever reasoning which inspired you to change foo to
fooSomething applies to getFoo as well.

Regards,

Diez


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Thu Jul  6 07:19:14 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:19:14 -0700
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152184750.406238.19260@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

manstey:
> is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> increase the speed?

I doubt the if increases the speed. The following is a bit improved
version:

# Original data:
data = 'asdfbasdf'
find = (('a', 'f'), ('s', 'g'), ('x', 'y'))

# The code:
data2 = data
for pat,rep in find:
    data2 = data.replace(pat, rep)
print data2

# If find contains only chars, and the string is long
# enough, then this is more or less the faster solution:

from string import maketrans
table = map(chr, xrange(256))
for c1,c2 in find:
    table[ord(c1)] = c2
table_str = "".join(table)
print data.translate(table_str)

Bye,
bearophile



From thorsten at thorstenkampe.de  Thu Jul 13 03:41:39 2006
From: thorsten at thorstenkampe.de (Thorsten Kampe)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 08:41:39 +0100
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1xifz3am6pgkb$.1enbbmor2of3l$.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <hrjxf5eqiw5y.1e5uubq071hww.dlg@40tude.net>

* Thorsten Kampe (2006-07-12 19:11 +0000)
> filter(lambda x: len(x) == 2, part(['abcd']))

That's "filter(lambda x: len(x) == 2, part('abcd'))" of course...


From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:56:28 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:56:28 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<1153296806.675814.249450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44be4405$0$12793$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153324588.346623.147260@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> > Class PersonBO(Person):
> >      def Block():
> >           blocked = True
>
> <OT>
> shouldn't it be:
> class PersonBO(Person):
>   def block(self):
>     self.blocked = True
> </OT>

Yes, it should be as you mentioned. However, I had posted it to
elaborate the case. Actually, I tested using the following code:

class PersonBO(Person):
    pass

> > As far as my project is concerned, I have found out some other way of
> > doing the things,
>
> Care to explain your solution ?

For the time being, I am not separating the plumbing and business
logic. When I need to, I shall come back to this post, study all the
ideas suggested, and jot down the pattern suitable to me. The code
pattern using metaclass looked interesting to me.

Thanks
Sanjay



From ankitdesai at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 11:48:52 2006
From: ankitdesai at gmail.com (ankitdesai at gmail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 08:48:52 -0700
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
Message-ID: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I would like to parse a couple of tables within an individual player's
SHTML page. For example, I would like to get the "Actual Pitching
Statistics" and the "Translated Pitching Statistics" portions of Babe
Ruth page (http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/ruthba01.shtml) and
store that info in a CSV file.

Also, I would like to do this for numerous players whose IDs I have
stored in a text file (e.g.: cobbty01, ruthba01, speaktr01, etc.).
These IDs should change the URL to get the corresponding player's
stats. Is this doable and if yes, how? I have only recently finished
learning Python (used the book: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist:
Learning with Python). Thanks for your help...



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  2 17:10:24 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 14:10:24 -0700
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44A792D9.8080307@alephzarro.com>
	<mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151874624.140313.270010@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi
>
> is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
> there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
> references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
> to do it...
>
> i have a situation where i have something like:
>  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
>
> is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
> attribute with fo....
>
> i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce

I'll take this one...

Dude,  this is a *python* mailing list, not an xml/xpath/regex one.  In
addition, the regex syntax you're using above (~=/fo/) looks like
*perl* code--  but I wouldn't know 'cause I don't use perl myself.

Now it's entirely possible that there are *many* people here that are
xml/xpath/regex Kung Fu Masters,  *and* it's entirely possible that one
or more of them are about to answer your question informatively and in
exhaustive detail.  It's also entirely possible that this is the most
friendly and informative reply that you're going to get, here.


Try a more appropriate newsgroup, and good luck.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 18 02:32:38 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 07:32:38 +0100
Subject: XMLRPC Solution Code
In-Reply-To: <1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9hvaa$2dj$1@sea.gmane.org>

dylpkls91 wrote:
> costello.bob at gmail.com wrote:
> 
>>Mind posting it for us lesser beings? ;)
> 
> 
> Not at all. I have yet to test it on networked computers, but it works
> fine when I run both scripts on my machine.
> 
> The hard part now is getting the server code to run as a Windows
> service- argh!!!
> I can get it installed and started using modified code from:
> http://www.schooltool.org/products/schooltool-calendar/documentation/how-to/running-as-a-windows-service/schooltool-service.py/view
> 
> but for some reason when the server is a service the client refuses to
> connect properly!
> Grrr... anybody know why?
> 
Because there are specific requirements for Windows services, that your 
program isn't comlpying with.

> Here is the code for the server, the machine that will execute the
> commands:
> 
> import SimpleXMLRPCServer, os
> server = SimpleXMLRPCServer.SimpleXMLRPCServer(("localhost", 8000))
> server.register_function(lambda command: os.popen4(command)[1].read(),
> "execute")
> server.serve_forever()
> 
> And here's the code for the client, the computer that will tell the
> server what command to execute:
> 
> import xmlrpclib
> server = xmlrpclib.Server("http://" + raw_input("Enter the IP address
> of the server: ") + ":8000")
> output = server.execute(raw_input("Enter a command for the server to
> execute: "))
> print output
> 

I'm afraid you'll need to Google for "python windows service" or 
similar: in essence the main thing the service has to do (besides serve) 
is ensure a continuous flow of messages through the system. It's ugly, 
but people have done it before.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul 18 16:11:53 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:11:53 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153253513.117915.182720@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Dan Bishop:
> xrange already has __contains__.  The problem is, it's implemented by a
> highly-inefficient sequential search.  Why not modify it to merely
> check the bounds and (value - start) % step == 0?

I think this is a nice idea.

Bye,
bearophile



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 20 01:23:15 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 22:23:15 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153369262.434479.74980@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153309262.622907.43860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153369262.434479.74980@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153372995.864273.94710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> Anyway, I would suggest you NOT to use this code in production. Yes,
> Python
> can imitate Ruby, but using this kind of classes would confuse
> everybody and
> make your code extremely unpythonic. As always, consider changing your
> mindset,
> when you switch language. For you problem, you could just put your
> client
> methods in a file, and add them to your original class with setattr, if
> you don't
> want to use inheritance. It would be still better that magically
> transform your
> classes with a metaclass.

Thanks for the much needed guidence.

Sanjay



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 15:53:12 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:53:12 -0700
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
References: <1153940149.926394.319040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8581.1153941277.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153943591.987120.319370@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org]On Behalf
> Of Simon Forman
> Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 2:56 PM
> To: python-list at python.org
> Subject: Re: Splitting a float into bytes:
>
>
> Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> > Hello:
> >
> >   For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> > a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> > into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> > computer.
> >   For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> > byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
> > byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
> > byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
> > byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000
> >   But if I try to do that with floats I get:
> > >>> pi & 0xFF
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> > TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'
> >
> >   Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?
> >
> > Thanks in advance:
> > Michael Yanowitz
>
> The struct module.  (It also works for ints. ;-)  )
>
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-struct.html
>
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon
>
>    Thanks, but maybe I am missing something.
> If I use pack, doesn't it have to be unpacked at the other end
> to make sense? The data will be picked up on some other computer
> by some other application probably written in C or C++. Would
> it have to be rewritten to unpack the data?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

It says in the docs "This module performs conversions between Python
values and C structs represented as Python strings."  This means, to
me, that the packed data will be in the format that C (and C++ I would
assume) uses.

You might have to mind the endian-ness if you're transferring data
between different architectures, but struct includes format specifiers
for this.

Have fun,
~Simon



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 08:36:52 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 05:36:52 -0700
Subject: COM Makepy Question
Message-ID: <1152275812.388189.103780@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Using Pythonwin's COM Makepy utility I created a COM wrapper around an
OCX file that's used to communicate with a magstripe card reader. The
wrapper was created without incident and I can invoke any "get" type of
method without a problem. But whenever I attempt to invoke any of the
"set" type of methods I receive an error message that states:

(-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, 'ctlUSBHID', 'Client
Site not available', None, 1000398, -2146827890), None)

Googling around I see that this error message indicates an ActiveX
control that's being referenced without residing within a container.
Not sure if this is something that I can fix myself within the Makepy
COM wrapper or if I have to rely on the vendor shipping an updated OCX
file. I did see a Python discussion thread where someone else ran into
a similar problem and had to wait for the vendor to ship a revised OCX
file.

Dolphin Smalltalk has a similar COM wrapper utility and the same exact
error occurs. The OCX file is ideally suited for Visual Basic but I
don't have that compilation environment setup on my workstation to try
out.

Anyone familiar with such matters? I have contacted the vendor to try
to initiate things on that end. But if there's something I can do to
circumvent that route using Python I'd give it a go.



From pmaupin at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 20:08:35 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 17:08:35 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153613315.338723.324210@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
>
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
>
>
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
>
> Dave

I have done similar things in the past.  One useful trick is to define
a special class for connections, create a single instance of this
class, and make all your connections as attributes of this instance.
For example:

world = Simulation()

world.supply = Supply()
world.compressor = Compressor(downstream=world.cumbustor,
upstream=world.supply)
world.cumbuster = Combuster(downstream=world.turbine,
upstream=world.compressor)

Because Python lets you control attribute access to your simulation
world object, it is relatively easy to make proxy objects for
attributes which don't yet exist via __getattr__, and then to insert
the real object into the proxy via __setattr__.

Alternatively, the script (using the same syntax as shown above!) can
simply collect all the connection information when it is run, then make
a "real" structure later.  This works best if your simulation objects
(Supply, Compressor, Cumbuster) allow setting of the connection
attributes after instantiation.

Regards,
Pat



From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 05:16:52 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:16:52 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97nn9$6g0$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
> Yet: useful.

Sorry, but SQL does have aliasing.

E.g. if you have records that have name="John", surname="Doe", the 
statements
   SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "John"
and
   SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "Doe"
are aliases of each other.

The alias is actually in the WHERE clause. And this *can* get you into 
trouble if you have something that does
   UPDATE ... WHERE name = "John"
and
   UPDATE ... WHERE surname = "Doe"
e.g. doing something with the Johns, then updating the names of all 
Does, and finally restoring the Johns (but not recognizing that changing 
the names of all Does might have changed your set of Johns).

Conceptually, this is just the same as having two different access path 
to the same memory cell. Or accessing the same global variable through a 
call-by-reference parameter and via its global name.

BTW with views, you get not just aliasing but what makes aliasing really 
dangerous. Without views, you can simply survey all the queries that you 
are working with and lexically compare table and field names to see 
whether there's aliasing. With views, the names that you see in a 
lexical scope are not enough to determine aliasing.
E.g. if you use a view that builds upon the set of Johns but aren't 
aware of that (possibly due to abstraction barriers), and you change the 
name field of all Does, then you're altering the view without a chance 
to locally catch the bug. That's just as bad as with any pointer 
aliasing problem.

Regards,
Jo


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Wed Jul 19 15:34:59 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:34:59 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <e9lp61$1342$2@news.uit.no>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152546929.849384.131860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9lp61$1342$2@news.uit.no>
Message-ID: <44be87cd$0$17256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Tobias Brox a ?crit :
> [Jason]
> 
>>Nothing like being forced to write getters and setters in C++/Java
>>before you feel like shooting your source code.  Please don't bring
>>this code-rage into Python.
> 
> 
> "Code generation" springs into my mind.  IMO, if the code needs to be
> generated, the language is not sufficiently advanced.
> 
OTOH, most decorators and metaclass hacking is somehow code generation - 
but hopefully not at the source code level...


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul  4 10:22:18 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 16:22:18 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AA799A.6080604@designaproduct.biz>

Roman ?rta:
> I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> the following snipet:
>
> When I run I get no result
>
> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     for col in line:
>        p[:0].append(str(col))
>   
You are appending to a slice. In that case, p[:0] creates a new list 
object. You are not appending to p but to a new object (created from a 
slice).
If you need to insert an item at the begining of a list, use the insert 
method instead.

 >>> l = [2,3,4]
 >>> l.insert(1,0)
 >>> l
[2, 0, 3, 4]


Best,

   Laszlo



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 30 08:54:14 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 12:54:14 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-29, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-29 13:47:37, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>> I think the important thing to remember is that the assignment in Python
>> is a alias maker and not a copy maker. In languages like C, Fortran,
>> pascal, the assignment makes a copy from what is on the righthand and
>> stores that in the variable on the lefthand. In languages like Lisp,
>> Smalltalk and Python, the assignment essentially makes the lefthand
>> an alias for the righthand.
>
> Yes, I think I got it now :) 
>
> It seems that, in essence, Bruno is right in that Python doesn't really
> have variables. Everything that seems variable doesn't really change; what
> changes is that an element of what seems to change gets rebound.

Aren't you looking too much at implementation details now?

The difference between an alias assignment and a storage assigment
is for instance totaly irrelevant for immutable objects/values like numbers.

On a language level you can't distinghuish between immutable types
where the implementation uses storage assignment or alias assignment
and a number of language implementation do use different implementation
for different types because of optimisation considerations.

AFAIU, one can also build a C++ class hierarchy that with some small
limitations in used operators, would have semantics very similar to
Python. Would you argue that those using such a C++ class hierarchy would
no longer be using variables in C++?

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From iainking at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 08:34:36 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 05:34:36 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <1153484547.549742.213910@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<1153484547.549742.213910@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153485276.648211.325170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Dustan wrote:
> Boris Borcic wrote:
> > does
> >
> > x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
> >
> > pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
> >
> > Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> > achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite confortable
> > with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid argumentation ?
>
> Why not use the supplied shuffle method?
>
> random.shuffle(x)

or check out this thread:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/766f4dcc92ff6545?tvc=2&q=shuffle

Iain



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 15:59:30 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 12:59:30 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joe Marshall wrote:
> Marshall wrote:
> >
> > Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> > pointers/identity/objects.
>
> I think you are wrong, but before I make a complete ass out of myself,
> I have to ask what you mean by `mutability'.  (And
> pointers/identity/objects, for that matter.)

Responding to requests for examples from Joachim, Joe, and Chris....

The very simple example is the one Darren New already mentioned.

Consider the following Java fragment:

void foo() {
  int i = 0;
  int j = 0;

  // put any code here you want

  j = 1;
  i = 2;
  // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled in
above.
  // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.

}


Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
identity. But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
without the possibility of identity.

Earlier I also mentioned SQL tables as an example, although SQL
supports *explicit* aliasing via views.


> Alan Bawden discusses the phenomenon of `state' in his Ph.D.
> dissertation "Implementing Distributed Systems Using Linear Naming".
> MIT AI Lab Technical Report AITR-1627. March 1993  He makes a
> persuasive argument that `state' is associated with cycles in naming.

I would like to read that, but my brain generally runs out of gas at
about 21
pages, so it's about an order of magnitude bigger than I can currently
handle. :-( As to "cycles in naming" that's certainly an issue. But it
it
a requirement for state? Back to Java locals, it seems to me they meet
the standard definition of state, despite the lack of cycles.

As to pointers/references, I earlier mentioned the existence of the
reference/dereference operations as being definitional. Note that
one can go to some lengths to obscure them, but they're still there.
For example, Java has the reference and dereference operators;
Java's "." operator is actually C's "->" operator.

I am not so bold/foolish as to attempt a defintion of "object" however.
:-)


Marshall



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:45:20 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:45:20 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
References: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>
> You can have aliasing without pointers; e.g. arrays are fully sufficient.
> If i = j, then a [i] and a [j] are aliases of the same object.

I am having a hard time with this very broad definition of aliasing.
Would we also say that a[1+1] and a[2] are aliases? It seems
to me, above, that we have only a, and with only one variable
there can be no aliasing.

A further question:

given a 32 bit integer variable x, and offsets i and j (equal as in
the above example) would you say that

   x &= (1 << i)
and
   x &= (1 << j)

are aliased expressions for setting a particular bit in x?

I am not being facetious; I am trying to understand the limits
of your definition for aliasing.


> (After I observed that, I found it no longer a surprise that array
> optimizations are what Fortran compiler teams sink most time into. The
> aliasing problems are *exactly* the same as those with pointers in C -
> though in practice, the Fortranistas have the advantage that the
> compiler will usually know that a [i] and b [j] cannot be aliases of
> each other, so while they have the same problems, the solutions give the
> Fortranistas more leverage.)

I don't understand this paragraph. On the one hand, it seems you
are saying that C and Fortran are identically burdened with the
troubles caused by aliasing, and then a moment later it seems
you are saying the situation is distinctly better with Fortran.


>  > What term would you use? First-class variables?
>
> I think it's more a quasi-continuous spectrum.
>
> On one side, we have alias-free toy languages (no arrays, no pointers,
> no call-by-reference, just to name the most common sources of aliasing).
>
> SQL is slightly more dangerous: it does have aliases, but they are
> rarely a problem (mostly because views aren't a very common thing, and
> even if they are used, they aren't usually so abstract that they really
> hide the underlying dependencies).
>
> Next are languages with arrays and call-by-reference. "Pascal without
> pointers" would be a candidate.
> Here, aliasing occurs, and it can and does hide behind abstraction
> barriers, but it's not a serious problem unless the software becomes
> *really* large.
>
> The end of the line are languages that use references to mutable data
> everywhere. All OO languages are a typical example of that.

Now with this, it appears you are agreeing that SQL has an advantage
vis-a-vis aliasing compared to OO languages. Yes? If so, we are
agreeing on the part I care about, and the specifics of just what
we call aliasing are not so important to me.


Marshall



From bborcic at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:28:16 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:28:16 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com> <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>

Hello Bruno,

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Boris Borcic wrote:
>>> Do you have any ideas?
>>
>> you could use a recursive generator, like
>>
>> def genAllChildren(self) :
>>     for child in self.children :
>>         yield child
>>         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
>>             yield childchild
> 
> 
> Or how to *not* address the real problem...
> 
> Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
> to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
> 

Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning. How can you exclude that the OP 
/may/ find that a generator neatly solves his problem ? The use of a default 
value was not an end in itself, was it ?- and the quirks of default values being 
FAQ stuff don't change that. Sure if nobody had covered that aspect, but a 
couple other posters did...

Mmmmhhh somehow it feels like if there is any issue here, it is about defending 
the credo "there ought to exist only one obvious way to do it" ?...

Cheers, BB
--
666 ?? - 666 ~ .666 ~ 2/3 ~ 1-1/3 ~ tertium non datur ~ the excluded middle
              ~ "either with us, or against us" !!


From deusfaber at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 15:12:59 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 12:12:59 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
Message-ID: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,
 I have been searching for a keyboard and mouse tracker on linux. I've
read solutions (watch at sourceforge) which look at /proc/interrupts to
check keyboard or mouse activity. I also read one post where "watch"
seems to have difficulty tracking usb keyboards and mice. So, I'm out
of ideas here.

My goal are:
1. Check keyboard activity. I'm not interested in logging which keys
are pressed or record them.
2. Monitor mouse activity. I want to know the pointer position,
left-clicks, right-clicks, middle-mouse button usage.

I know that these things can be done in a GUI environment. I am looking
for some approach that helps me do this system-wide.

Any suggestions would be welcome. Again, I am looking for trackers on
Linux based machines.



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 05:07:10 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 02:07:10 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> >
> >>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> >>>changed by the object.
> >>
> >>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
> >>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
> >>completely self-contained in their behavior.
> >>
> > Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.
>
> Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
> ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
> changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
> by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
> coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?
>

Are you serious? Well, you design an object that serves as a mediator.
All objects can then only interact with themselves and the mediator
only. Via signals, objects learn to automatically adjust their states
and respond to events. This is just one of several methods you can
dramatically reduce coupling. I'm sure glad I didn't burn my book.

> >>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
> >>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
> >>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
> >>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
> >>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
> >>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
> >>
> >
> >
> > It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
> > state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.
>
> Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ?

That's language dependent.

>Given the existence of
> "computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
> hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
> default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
> the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
> when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?
>

I'm not advocating anything. I'm just stating the use case for
accessors and the wisdom behind them. My qualm with implicit accessors
remains the name issue.

>
> >
> >>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
> >>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
> >>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
> >>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.
> >>
> >>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
> >>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
> >>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
> >>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
> >>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
> >>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
> >>difference.
> >>
> >
> >
> > Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
>
> Indeed.
>
> > The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> > be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
>
> Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
>
> (snip)

I never advocated anything. On the contrary, I asked a query?

> >
> > State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.
>
> The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
> what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.
>
> > It
> > is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
> > it is because I thought is was common knowledge.
>
> It is.
>
> > And behaviors are not
> > just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.
>
> Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
> this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
> methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
> behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
>   the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
> and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
> implementation-dependant.
>

I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
and not language dependent semantics.



From martin.witte at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 07:57:42 2006
From: martin.witte at gmail.com (wittempj@hotmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:57:42 -0700
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
In-Reply-To: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152187062.742874.289410@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

You can get the matching elements with a list comprehension with
something like

py> a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
py> tup=('x','yy','asd')
py> [x for x in tup if x in a.split()]
['x', 'asd']

Hope this helps

manstey wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I often use:
>
> a='yy'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if a in tup:
>    <...>
>
> but I can't find an equivalent code for:
>
> a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if tup in a:
>    < ...>
>
> I can only do:
>
> if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
>    <...>
>
> but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.
> 
> Is there a way around this?



From stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 08:59:43 2006
From: stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk (meridian)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 05:59:43 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152190783.342973.99580@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> meridian wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>def doIt(name=None):
> >>  global gname
> >>  if name is None:
> >>    name = gname
> >>  else:
> >>    gname = name
> >>
> >
> >
> > Thanks Bruno, works a treat...
> >
> But still very probably a bad idea.
>
Ok, my curiosity is pique'd - is there a better way to hold my
app/module globals?
I must say I'd prefer not to write global <var> in every function, for
every global var I need.
Maybe there's a simpler way to structure?... by a global class or
something?
Cheers
Steve



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Tue Jul 18 18:32:38 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:32:38 +1000
Subject: tkinter help
In-Reply-To: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153261958.16232.8.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Tue, 2006-07-18 at 08:37 -0700, groves wrote:
> hi eveyrbody , i have started working on python tkinter,
> While I was working on one of the tkinter classes..named listbox
> widget. I had a slight problem.
> 
> Now let me tell you that i was able to create a simple listbox which
> had 6 options which one can select, but Now what I want is that from
> the available menu, if I select an option it should give me another
> menu associated with that option. Its like digging up that option to do
> advance search.
> 
> Please I need help as I am making my project
> Thanks to eveyrbody who will take time to read this and solve it .
> 

Perhaps if you posted your code so far we could help - otherwise we
would just be shooting in the dark.



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Tue Jul 11 15:43:57 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 19:43:57 GMT
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1cTsg.531610$9z4.12985458@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

Simon Forman schreef:
> I've been programming in python for years and I've always used this
> form
> 
> if not seq:
> if seq:
> 
> rather than the other and never had any problems.
> 
> Anyone presenting arguments in favor of the len() form is IMHO, not
> "getting it".  AFAIK, python is not "smart" enough to optimize away the
> (totally unnecessary) call to len(), so the programmer should do it for
> herself.
> 
> The "pythonic" form is safe, not weird, and just as explicit.

I know that that is the consensus, and I mostly the form without len(), 
but somehow I still feel it is not as explicit. In

if seq:

there is no distinction between seq is None on the one hand and seq 
being a valid empty sequence on the other hand.

I feel that that is an import distinction, and it's the reason I find 
myself using len() from time to time (even though I can't think of a use 
case right now).



-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sat Jul  8 14:46:52 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 18:46:52 GMT
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
References: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1152378882.958222.281730@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <w4Trg.24229$Bh.8042@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"MrJean1" <MrJean1 at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1152378882.958222.281730 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> Try function architecture() from the platform module in Python 2.3 and
> 2.4.  The first item of the returned tuple shows whether the underlying
> system is 64-bit capable.
>
> Here is what it returns on RedHat Fedora Core 2 Linux on Opteron:
>
> >>> platform.architecture()
> ('64bit', 'ELF')
> >>> platform.uname()
> ('Linux', 'XXXX', '2.6.16.14', '#1 SMP Sat Jul 1 14:09:18 CDT 2006',
> 'x86_64', 'x86_64')
>
>
> On RedHat Fedora Core 2 on Pentium 4:
>
> >>> platform.architecture()
> ('32bit', 'ELF')
> >>> platform.uname()
> ('Linux', 'XXXX', '2.6.10-1771-FC2', '#1 Mon Mar 28 00:50:14 EST 2005',
> 'i686', 'i686')
>
>
> And on MacOS X 10.3.9 G4:
>
> >>> platform.architecture()
> ('32bit', '')
> >>> platform.uname()
> ('Darwin', 'XXXX', '7.9.0', 'Darwin Kernel Version 7.9.0: Wed Mar 30
> 20:11:17 PST 2005; root:xnu/xnu-517.12.7.obj~1/RELEASE_PPC ', 'Power
> Macintosh', 'powerpc')
>
>

One Windows XP 32-bit, I get:

>>> import platform
>>> platform.architecture()
('32bit', 'WindowsPE')
>>> platform.uname()
('Windows', 'awa1', 'XP', '5.1.2600', '', '')
>>>




From Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 07:13:45 2006
From: Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net (Dennis Benzinger)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 13:13:45 +0200
Subject: change the size of front
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7763.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7763.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44aa4d6a$1@news.uni-ulm.de>

aliassaf wrote:
> hi, 
> I want to change the size of the front in a legend, i wrote this small
> program and it got to me this message error!!!
> 
> from pylab import *
> plot([1,2,3],'r')
> legend('this',prop = FontProperties('smaller') )

Try

legend('this',prop = matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(size = 
'smaller'))

> show()
> 
> NameError: name 'FontProperties' is not defined
> 
> thanks 



Dennis


From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Tue Jul 18 11:54:26 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:54:26 -0700
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <44bc6694$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>
	<1152857819.776039.251860@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b76f44$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153194314.826690.98520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc6694$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153238066.667970.205290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> *WRONG*. The object exists in and of itself. There may be one *or more*
> references to it, via pointers, scattered about in memory; they are
> *NOT* components of the object. A reference count is maintained inside
> the object and manipulated by Py_INCREF etc. The Python garbage
> collector knows *nothing* about the memory occupied by those pointers;

John - Thanks again,
I think I just learned something that is important.  If I free memory
associated
with pointers to Python objects it will NOT erase the Python objects!!!
I can merrily follow your orders to free(my_array); without worrying
about
nuking the Python objects too early!  Thanks for pointing out that
reference count is maintained inside the Python object itself.

Chris



From thorley at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:22:54 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 14:22:54 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <12aj22vmivkh8de@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12aj22vmivkh8de@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151961774.658117.160400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> Are those not the four octets you wanted to send?

Yes. My understanding of struct was broken. Sukanta corrected it for
me.

thank you
--
matthew



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 20:50:32 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 17:50:32 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


alimoe wrote:
> I am interested in coding an app which uses physics and 3d and neural
> nets and genetics. Any pointers?


Open GL Python programming

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=GGGL,GGGL:2006-22,GGGL:en&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=opengl+python&spell=1
http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/

Neural Nets

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&rls=GGGL%2CGGGL%3A2006-22%2CGGGL%3Aen&q=neural+nets+python&btnG=Search

Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?

http://sourceforge.net/projects/pygp/


--Cheers



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 15:02:00 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 12:02:00 -0700
Subject: instances
References: <mailman.8182.1152899657.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152903720.018365.139320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Quenton Bonds wrote:
> Hello
> I am trying to understand the abilities and limitation of creating an
> instance.  First I will give you my understanding then please steer me
> in the right direction.
>

Wow, you've got it nearly completely comprehensively backwards.

> Abiities
> 1.  The two ways to create an instance is def method(self) &
> __int__(self, other, instances,...)

There's really just basically one way to create an instance, and that's
by writing a class and then "calling" it.  (example below)

if you use the def statement by itself, then you are creating a
FUNCTION object, that you later call with arguments to do some work.

When you create a class, it looks like this:

class foo:
    def __init__(self, arg1, arg2):
        # do some work to set up the instance of the class.

and then you "call" the class like so:

bar = foo(arg1, arg2)

to create an INSTANCE of the CLASS.  the name 'bar' now references an
instance of class 'foo'.

(also note that when the def statement is used within a class, like the
__init__ above, then it creates a METHOD, which is almost the same
thing as a FUNCTION.)

> 2.  By creating an instance of a method; the functions of that method
> can be used through out the
>    program in a fashion such as self.methodofprogram(parameters)

Ok, I think the easiest thing to do here would be to rewrite your
sentence using the proper terminology:

By creating an instance of a CLASS, the METHODS of that CLASS can be
used through out the program in a fashion such as
INSTANCE.methodofCLASS(parameters)

Example of creating a class with a method:

class foo:
    def __init__(self, arg1):
        # do some work to set up the instance of the class.
        self.value = arg1
    def printme(self):
        print self.value

Example of creating an instance of that class:

bar = foo('Hi there!')


Example of using a method of an instance of that class:

bar.printme()

# Prints "Hi there!"



> Limitations
> 3.  One cannot create an instance of a class.

:)  One can ONLY create instances of classes.


> 4.  An instance can only perform functions that are provided from the
> method it was instanced from.

Yes, *IF* you replace "method" in that sentence with "class",  and
"functions" with "methods".


> 5.  Is there any other key information I am missing.

I hope this helps,
~Simon



From martin at browns-nospam.co.uk  Wed Jul  5 07:34:28 2006
From: martin at browns-nospam.co.uk (Martin Evans)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 12:34:28 +0100
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
Message-ID: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>

Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to get 
a regular expression to do the following example in Python:

Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".

This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
to
This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.


But not if part of a link or inside a link:

This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, it 
is sleeping.
to
This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, it 
is dead.


This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, the 
rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the 
formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will 
normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more than 
one link present.

I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to other 
areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.

I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the case, 
I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping to 
use it to learn more about regex.

Any pointers would be appreciated.

Martin





From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Fri Jul 28 04:19:52 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:19:52 GMT
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <1154067682.708843.263210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8612.1154000405.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154067682.708843.263210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <IMjyg.560831$Em.13110383@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

Summercoolness at gmail.com schreef:
> Steve Holden wrote:
>> You obviously haven't yet passed your floating-point number proficiency
>> test yet. Please restrict yourself to integers until you understand the
>> difficulties that inaccuracies in floating-point can create ;-)
> 
> hm, actually, i understand the limitation of floating point.
> but my real concern is, how come "print" favors one version over the
> other...
> the first version will favor the correct rounding, while the second
> doesn't favor it.  to me, this is biased computing....  i will feel
> happier if the behavior is consistent.  (such as the first line
> printing out as 1.2344999999999) .  if most people favor the behavior
> of line 1, that is, silently rounding off to about the 11th decimal
> places, then why doesn't printing with formatting also use that same
> behavior, which is rounding off to the 11th places first, and then
> round off to whatever the user wants.
> 
>>>>> print 1.2345
> 
>> 1.2345
> 
>>>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345
> 
>>      1.234
> 
> but then again, i just realize even if i do a
> 
>>>> round(1.2344999999999999999, 6)
> 
> 1.2344999999999999
> 
> so even if you round it off, it is still represented the same way....
> still, how "print" handles 1.2345 and treating it and printing it as
> 1.2345, i wonder why we don't make the "print with formatting" the same
> behavior, treating it as 1.2345 first and round it off to 1.235

You do realize that your formatting uses less decimal places than the 
print statement, do you?

 >>> print 1.2345
1.2345
 >>> print "%0.3f" % 1.2345
1.234
 >>> print "%0.4f" % 1.2345
1.2345

If you use 4 decimals after the decimal sign, you get the same result as 
with a plain print statement (at least in this case). That means that 
print is not treating it as 1.2345 first and then rounding it off to 
1.235; it is just using the actual internal representation and rounding 
it off to 1.2345. Which IMO is the only sensible thing one can do.


-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From yves.lange at bluewin.ch  Wed Jul 19 15:28:41 2006
From: yves.lange at bluewin.ch (Yves Lange)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:28:41 +0200
Subject: Snapshot+Clipboard
In-Reply-To: <44BE6C6F.1040204@freenet.de>
References: <44be65fa$1_4@news.bluewin.ch> <44BE6C6F.1040204@freenet.de>
Message-ID: <44be87f7$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>

Claudio Grondi a ?crit :
> Yves Lange wrote:
>> Hello,
>> i'm searching a method to take a snapshot and save it in a jpg, bmp or 
>> gif file. I tried with win32api and win32con but it save the snapshot 
>> to the clipboard, so i tried to redirect this in a file but i have 
>> some problems while getting the IMAGE stocked in the clipboard and 
>> save it to a file. Can somebody help me ?
>>
>> Questions:
>> -How can i read the snapshot in the clipboard ?
>> -How can i take a snapshot in a different way (less difficult) ?
>>
>> Thks.
> 
> Use PIL which on Windows supports taking snapshots of the screen.
> <code>
> import ImageGrab
> GrabbedImage = ImageGrab.grab() # store screenshot as "RGB" Image
> GrabbedImage.save("TheScreenshot.jpg") # PIL evaluates extension
> </code>
> For more details see:
>   http://effbot.org/imagingbook/imagegrab.htm
> (works on Windows only)
> 
> Claudio Grondi

Thks this module works well !


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 23:18:25 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 20:18:25 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <08c701c69fe1$2e429010$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <08c801c69fe1$af6f9020$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

update...

i need a multi dimensional array of lists...

 ie 
  [q,a,d]
  [q1,a1,d1]
  [q2,a2,d2]
  [q3,a3,d3]

which would be a (3,4) array...


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of bruce
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 8:15 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: defining multi dimensional array


hi...

basic question..

how do i define a multi dimensional array

 a[10][10]

is there a kind of a = array(10,10)

thanks

-bruce

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From Shani718 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:46:27 2006
From: Shani718 at gmail.com (Shan)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:46:27 -0700
Subject: need help getting xml feed from a url
Message-ID: <1153255587.490673.274050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

If i have a list of urls how can I extract or pull their respective xml
feeds?



From koara at atlas.cz  Sun Jul 23 17:22:14 2006
From: koara at atlas.cz (koara)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 14:22:14 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
Message-ID: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hello, it might be too late or too hot, but i cannot work out this
behaviour of find_longest_match() in difflib.SequenceMatcher:

string1:
releasenotesforwildmagicversion01thiscdromcontainstheinitialreleaseofthesourcecodethataccompaniesthebook"3dgameenginedesign:apracticalapproachtorealtimecomputergraphics"thereareanumberofknownissuesaboutthecodeastheseissuesareaddressedtheupdatedcodewillbeavailableatthewebsitehttp://wwwmagicsoftwarecom/3dgameenginedesignhtmlbugssuggestionsforimprovementsandothercorrespondencecanbesenttosupport at magicsoftwarecomthecurrentknownissuesare1meshalgorithmforcontinuouslevelofdetailappearsnottobeworkingbase

string2:
releasenotesforwildmagicversion02updatefromversion01toversion02ifyourcopyofthebookhasversion01andifyoudownloadedversion02fromthewebsitethenapplythefollowingdirectionsforinstallingtheupdateforalinuxinstallationseethesectionattheendofthisdocumentupdatedirectionsassumingthatthetopleveldirectoryiscalledmagicreplacebyyourtoplevelnameyoushouldhavetheversion01contentsinthislocation1deletethecontentsofmagic\include2deletethesubdirectorymagic\source\mgcapplication3deletetheobsoletefiles:amagic\source\mgc

find_longest_match(0,500,0,500)=(24,43,10)="version01t"

What? O_o Clearly there is a longer match, right at the beginning!
And then, after removal of the last character from each string (i found
the limit of 500 by trial and error -- and it looks suspiciously
rounded):

find_longest_match(0,499,0,499)=(0,0,32)="releasenotesforwildmagicversion0"


Is this the expected behaviour? What's going on?
Thank you for any ideas



From max at alcyone.com  Tue Jul 25 02:52:56 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 23:52:56 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
In-Reply-To: <1153809894.854676.213100@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153809894.854676.213100@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <xI2dnXZ0gYtUIljZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

alex23 wrote:

> The standard library module 'libcache' does exactly what you're
> considering implementing.

I believe the module you're referring to is `linecache`.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human
    history is shaped. -- John F. Kennedy


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Thu Jul 27 16:40:41 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:40:41 -0700
Subject: New release of Diet Python (0.2 Beta)!!!
In-Reply-To: <eab690$rsa$1@news.albasani.net>
References: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<eab690$rsa$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <1154032841.861144.298180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

A developer's installation of PSF, including Pywin, WxPython, Numpy,
Scipy I believe can run up to 300 MB, no?

Otherwise, I'll put up a different percentage.

Georg Brandl wrote:
> The Eternal Squire wrote:
>
> > Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
> > calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
> >
> > ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
> > clients thin :)
>
> Erm... Which "PSF Python" are you referring to? I can't find a distribution
> that's 300 MB in size...
> 
> Georg



From aleax at mac.com  Fri Jul  7 22:30:51 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 19:30:51 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>

Istvan Albert <istvan.albert at gmail.com> wrote:

> St?phane Ninin wrote:
> 
> > Is a lock required in such a case ?
> 
> I believe that assignment is atomic and would not need a lock.

Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
(or even 'get'-access).


Alex


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 13:13:14 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 19:13:14 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153246259.536822.251610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf211$0$31802$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153246259.536822.251610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be68bb$0$17412$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
(snip)

>>>>>For example, a third party randomly changing
>>>>>is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily)
>>>>
>>>>Unless you make it a read-only property.
>>>>
>>>
>>>So you see the purpose of accessors then?
>>
>>*where* did I say *anything* that could *possibly* be taken as me not
>>seeing the point of computed attributes ?
>>
>>What I'm saying here is that it's totally useless to duplicate default
>>behaviour.
>>
> 
> 
> And who's doing that?
> 

That's exactly what you recommended: "make all attributes
private/protected (...) If a data attribute might likely be an API,
think about controlling access to via "properties""


>>>>>from False to
>>>>
>>>>>True may crash your GUI.
>>>>
>>>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this
>>>>>do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
>>>>>sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
>>>>>if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
>>>>>unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
>>>>>programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
>>>>>state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
>>>>>vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
>>>>>or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.
>>>>
>>>>Properties *are* 'accessors'.
>>>>
>>>
>>>I never said they weren't.
>>
>>Fine.
>>
>>Now : in a language with support for computed attributes, direct
>>attribute access is the default r/w accessors.
>>
> Depends on your definition of accessors.

something that let me access an attribute.

> Otherwise 97% of languages
> provide direct access to an object's data attributes.

But not 97% of languages provide support for computed attributes.

> 
>>>>>One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
>>>>>the state of objects aren't easily contaminated.
>>>>
>>>>"contaminated" ???
>>>>
>>>
>>>Make an object's state unreliable. See above example.
>>
>>That's the word you choose that I find really strange.
>>
> 
> 
> What's strange about it. If an object's data attribute is supposed to
> state that it is false when there are no mark objects in the buffer,
> and a third party accidently incorrectly changes the attribute to state
> it is True for whatever reasons, you essentially corrupt the objects
> state and render the whole system "unreliable," or "buggy". What again
> is difficult to grasp?

The choice of the word "contaminated".

> 
>>>>>That "state" is the
>>>>>objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").
>>>>
>>>>Makes no sens to me.
>>>>
>>>
>>>is_active is an object's data,
>>
>>class Obj(object):
>>  # ....
>>  @apply
>>  def is_active():
>>    def fget(self):
>>      return (self.something and self.computeThis()) \
>>              or self.otherCondition()
>>    def fset(self, val):
>>      raise ReadOnlyError()
>>    def fdel(self):
>>      raise UndeletableError()
>>    return **locals()
>>
>>According to *your* sayings, Obj.is_active is "behaviour"...
>> 
> Not my saying.  OO says so.
> 

Chapter and verse, please ?

now :
class Obj(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.is_active = False

Now, 'is_active' is state again ?

>>>>>And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
>>>>>accessors.
>>
>>The only languages I know that "force" you to use accessors are
>>Smalltalk and Ruby (and Ruby offers some syntactic sugar for 'default' -
>>ie r/w - accessors).
>>
> 
> 
> Add Eiffel to the list. Java/C++/C#/Ada all recommend it by convention.

Java/C++/C#/Ada all recommend it because they have no support for
computed attributes, which means that you cannot change implementation
without breaking the interface.


> 
>>>It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
>>>
>>>>>convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
>>>>>just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
>>>>>different.
>>
>>I'm afraid it has very few to do with "robustness".
>> 
> 
> Your opinion.
> 

what's the exact difference in "robustness" between:

class DreamItisRobust(object):
   def __init__(self):
     self._attr = 42
   def get_attr(self):
     return self._attr
   def set_attr(self, attr):
     self._attr = attr

and

class DontCare(object):
  def __init__(self):
    self.attr = 42


???

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul 23 21:08:49 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:08:49 +1200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
wrote:

> Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
>
>> If you're calling a number of different routines in
>> the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
>> sense to only pass it once.
> 
> Actually they are not "passed".

I think I'm going to plonk you.


From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:52:20 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:52:20 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
In-Reply-To: <4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153338740.544977.90000@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi Diez !!
Thanks for the reply.. Tried a little well dokumented program:

# file: construct.ini
retries = 10

# file: construct.py
import cfgparse
c = cfgparse.ConfigParser()
c.add_option('retries', type='int')
c.add_file('construct.ini')
opts = c.parse()
print 'Number of retries:',opts.retries

Got the following Error when trying to run code:
[wsadmin] Traceback (innermost last):
[wsadmin]   File "<string>", line 1, in ?
[wsadmin] ImportError: no module named cfgparse



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Wed Jul 12 22:40:29 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:40:29 +1000
Subject: Find and Delete all files with .xxx extension
In-Reply-To: <000501c6a621$d7659c50$f82fa518@DCM0T511>
References: <000501c6a621$d7659c50$f82fa518@DCM0T511>
Message-ID: <1152758430.30515.31.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Wed, 2006-07-12 at 16:12 -1000, normt's subject read:

> Find and Delete all files with .xxx extension


How ?  In the current directory/folder ?  Recursively search through all
the directories/folders from a certain path ?

I suggest you look at the os module (section about Files and
Directories)

http://docs.python.org/lib/os-file-dir.html




-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From joel.hedlund at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:06:55 2006
From: joel.hedlund at gmail.com (Joel Hedlund)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:06:55 +0200
Subject: Has anyone used davlib by Greg Stein?
Message-ID: <e9im9e$r1v$1@news.lysator.liu.se>

Hi!

I want to PUT files to a authenticated https WebDAV server from within a python script. Therefore I put "python dav" into google, and the davlib module by Greg Stein (and Guido?) came up. It seems to be soild but has very little docs. Has anyone worked with this? Is it any good? Where can I find some good docs for it? 

Thanks for your time! 

Cheers!
/Joel 


From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul  2 16:20:26 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 22:20:26 +0200
Subject: wanted: framework for creating nice step by step graphical
	visualisations of running Python code
Message-ID: <e899q8$bgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>


Today I bumped by chance into explaining what algorithms do by using 
animation (Java applets):
   http://www-sr.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~buehler/BM/BM1.html

Is there any tool in Python (except pyGame, Tkinter or other general 
purpose visualization tools) I am not aware of which would make it easy 
to create a similar, animated run through Python script code?

A free debugging tool capable of stepping line by line through Python 
code showing values of selected objects will do as a first approach, but 
it would be nice to be able to output also some graphics and/or text 
like it is done in the mentioned above example at pre-defined points in 
code called there
   /* visualisation step */

Any hints towards getting or constructing such a framework are welcome.

Claudio Grondi


From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 16:37:02 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:37:02 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154376137.20290.32.camel@devilbox>
References: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
	<1154376137.20290.32.camel@devilbox>
Message-ID: <1154378222.20290.41.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 13:02 -0700, Cliff Wells wrote:


> @attrs ( bits = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] )

Also, IMO, it's a bit more readable to write:

bits = [ 0 for i in range ( 16 ) ]

which avoids the necessity of counting the zeros to know how many there
are.

Regards,
Cliff


-- 



From crystalattice at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 21:18:55 2006
From: crystalattice at yahoo.com (crystalattice)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 01:18:55 GMT
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
References: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>
	<pan.2006.07.09.13.51.56.1332@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <op.tcjxxtzsqaun6z@emac.local>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 03:51:56 -1000, Steven D'Aprano  
<steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> wrote:

> On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:24:01 +0000, crystalattice wrote:
>
>> I've finally figured out the basics of OOP; I've created a basic  
>> character
>> creation class for my game and it works reasonably well. Now that I'm
>> trying to build a subclass that has methods to determine the rank of a
>> character but I keep getting errors.
>>
>> I want to "redefine" some attributes from the base class so I can use  
>> them
>> to help determine the rank. However, I get the error that my base class
>> doesn't have the dictionary that I want to use. I've tried several  
>> things
>> to correct it but they don't work (the base class is called "Character"
>> and the subclass is called "Marine"):
>
> Without seeing your class definitions, it is hard to tell what you are
> doing, but I'm going to take a guess: you're defining attributes in the
> instance instead of the class.
>
> E.g.
>
> class Character():
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.attrib_dict = {}
>
> attrib_dict is now an instance attribute. Every instance will have one,
> but the class doesn't.
>
> I'm thinking you probably want something like this:
>
> class Character():
>     attrib_dict = {}
>     def __init__(self):
>         pass
>
> Now attrib_dict is an attribute of the class. However, it also means that
> all instances will share the same values! Here's one possible solution to
> that:
>
> class Character():
>     default_attribs = {}
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.attribs = self.default_attribs.copy()
>
> Now there is one copy of default character attributes, shared by the  
> class
> and all it's instances, plus each instance has it's own unique set of
> values which can be modified without affecting the defaults.
>
>
> Hope this clears things up for you.
>
>
Yes, I believe your right (I left my code at work so I can't verify  
directly).  I did initialize attrib_dict in the __init__method, not  
outside it as a class member.  I'll try your suggestion and see what  
happens.  Thanks.


-- 
Python-based online RPG in development based on the Colonial Marines from  
"Aliens": http://www.colonialmarinesrpg.com

Using Opera's revolutionary e-mail client: http://www.opera.com/mail/


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 26 21:50:46 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 18:50:46 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> > On 2006-07-25 04:06:24, Steve Holden wrote:
> >
> >
> >>Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> >>
> >>>On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:35:50 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com>
> >>>declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>It is surprising in the sense that binding seems not to be necessary
> >>>>for read access.
> >>>
> >>It does, I would agree, seem a little counter-intuitive that assignment
> >>(or binding) forces the name to be considered local. That's just one of
> >>Python's features.
> >
> >
> > Ok... I can live with that, and thanks for the confirmation that it's not
> > only me to feel that this is somewhat surprising :)
>
> Since Python has no "local variable declaration", there must be a rule
> to distinguish local names from names living in the enclosing
> namespaces. The rule is: unless previously declared 'global' (ie
> module-level) with the appropriate statement, any name bound in the
> local namespace is local. If declared 'global', it has to exist in the
> global namespace.
>
> This was much more simple to understand when we didn't have nested
> functions - we mostly had global and local scope. Fact is that we now
> have nested functions, but still no statement equivalent to 'global' for
> parent namespaces - with the result that we cannot actually rebind
> parent's namespace names from within a nested function. But we are still
> free to modify any mutable object we can access, so the usual workaround
>   for immutable objects is to wrap them in a mutable container (list,
> dict, etc):
>
> def outer():
>   def _inner():
>      outer_var[0] = 'dead'
>
>   outer_var = ['parrot']
>   print "before, outer_var = %s" % outer_var
>   _inner()
>   print "after, outer_var = %s" % outer_var
>
> and before you say it: yes, it's a dirty hack.
>
>
> > Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
> > term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
> > now that I know the term)
>
> a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
> a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
> which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
> (like a pointer to an object's address).

Wait, I'm not sure I see the difference. Isn't "reference" ~ "C
pointer". Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to
"actual" Python objects? That idea has been working well for me so far.

>
> is different for read-only and read/write access.
>
> What makes the difference is that binding a name to an object in a
> namespace creates the name in this namespace (unless the name as been
> declared global, cf above). With the result that, the name existing in
> the local namespace, it won't be looked up in enclosing namespaces.
>
>
> > Neither the Post-It note metaphor nor the pointer explanation address that.
> > Using the Post-It note metaphor, I'm asking myself why the label doesn't
> > get attached to a different box when reading,
>
> The normal lookup rule for names is local namespace then enclosing
> namespaces until top-level (module, aka 'global'), then builtins. Else,
> you would have to declare as global any "module / function / whatever"
> name in each and every function.
>
> > but only when writing.
>
> cf above and below.
>
> >("Just
> > one of Python's features", I know :)  Same thing with the pointer
> > explanation: AFAIK, no language that uses pointers explicitly does
> > something similar (that is, the storage the pointer points to is different
> > depending on whether the pointer gets used for writing and reading, or only
> > for reading).
>
> In most languages, you have to explicitly declare local names one way or
> another. Python takes the opposite route : you have to explicitly
> declare global names. Since you don't declare local names, binding
> creates the name if it doesn't already exists in the local namespace.
>
>
> HTH
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Sat Jul 22 16:24:58 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 13:24:58 -0700
Subject: Python website problem?
References: <1153587229.053375.96420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9u1iq$1h8$1@panix1.panix.com>

In article <1153587229.053375.96420 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>,
Tim N. van der Leeuw <tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com> wrote:
>
>Does the Python.org website have a problem? I only get a directory
>index, and clicking on any of the HTML files in there shows a page
>without any CSS makeup.
>
>Anyone noticed this too?

Yes, we're having problems with the build system.  Nothing to see here,
move along.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by
definition, not smart enough to debug it."  --Brian W. Kernighan


From girodt at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 05:52:21 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 02:52:21 -0700
Subject: numpy : argmin in multidimensional arrays
Message-ID: <1152179540.948880.54900@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi there.

I am working with multi-dimensional arrays and I need to get
coordinates of the min value in it.

using myarray.argmin() returns the index in the flatten array, which is
a first step, but I wonder if it is possible to get the coordinates
directly as an array, rather than calculating them myself by using this
flat index and the shape of the array.

well, in fact i'm not sure to understand how argmin(myarray) works,
when myarray is multidimensional.

Thanks



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul 31 10:29:12 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:29:12 GMT
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<2QRyg.15426$rp4.10035@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<1154280523.162997.298400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Ysozg.21659$rp4.15871@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1154280523.162997.298400 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
>
> Paul McGuire wrote:
> > "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote in message
> > news:Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684 at tornado.texas.rr.com...
> > > "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> > > news:1154055002.495073.171650 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
> > > > image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
> > > > if myCol < darkestCol:
> > > >    darkestCol = myCol
> > > >    possX = thisX
> > > >    possY = thisY
> > > >
> > >
> > > Psyco may be of some help to you, especially if you extract out your
myCol
> > > expression into its own function, something like:
> > >
> > > def darkness(img,x,y):
> > >     return  (0.3 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (0.59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) +
(0.11 *
> > > img.GetBlue(x,y))
> > >
> > <snip>
> >
> > Even better than my other suggestions might be to write this function,
and
> > then wrap it in a memoizing decorator
> >
(http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-11870a08b0fa59a8622
> > 201abfac735ea47ffade5) - surely there must be some repeated colors in
your
> > image.
> >
> > -- Paul
>
> Its not only finding the darkest color, but also finding the X position
> and Y Position of the darkest color.
>

Sorry, you are correct.  To take advantage of memoizing, the darkness method
would have to work with the r, g, and b values, not the x's and y's.

-- Paul


import psyco
psyco.full()

IMAGE_WIDTH = 200
IMAGE_HEIGHT = 200
imgColRange = range(IMAGE_WIDTH)
imgRowRange = range(IMAGE_HEIGHT)

@memoize    # copy memoize from
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary, or similar
def darkness(r,g,b):
    return 0.3*r + 0.59*g + 0.11*b

def getDarkestPixel(image):
    getR = image.GetRed
    getG = image.GetGreen
    getB = image.GetBlue

    darkest = darkness( getR(0,0), getG(0,0), getB(0,0) )
    # or with PIL, could do
    # darkest = darkness( *getpixel(0,0) )
    dkX = 0
    dkY = 0
    for r in imgRowRange:
        for c in imgColRange:
            dk = darkness( getRed(r,c), getGrn(r,c), getBlu(r,c) )
            if dk < darkest:
                darkest = dk
                dkX = c
                dkY = r
    return dkX, dkY





From cginboston at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 14:03:57 2006
From: cginboston at hotmail.com (Chance Ginger)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:03:57 GMT
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:54:48 -0700, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to 
> wonder, why use threads vs processes.  So, If I have a system that has a 
> large area of shared memory, which would be better?  I've been leaning 
> towards threads, I'm going to say why.
> 
> Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork 
> copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.  There's also 
> a more expensive context switch between processes.  So if I have a 
> system that would fork 50+ child processes my memory usage would be huge 
> and I burn more cycles that I don't have to.  I understand that there 
> are ways of IPC, but aren't these also more expensive?
> 
> So threads seems faster and more efficient for this scenario.  That 
> alone makes me want to stay with threads, but I get the feeling from 
> people on this list that processes are better and that threads are over 
> used.  I don't understand why, so can anyone shed any light on this?
> 
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> -carl

Not quite that simple. In most modern OS's today there is something
called COW - copy on write. What happens is when you fork a process
it will make an identical copy. Whenever the forked process does
write will it make a copy of the memory. So it isn't quite as bad.

Secondly, with context switching if the OS is smart it might not 
flush the entire TLB. Since most applications are pretty "local" as
far as execution goes, it might very well be the case the page (or 
pages) are already in memory. 

As far as Python goes what you need to determine is how much 
real parallelism you want. Since there is a global lock in Python
you will only execute a few (as in tens) instructions before
switching to the new thread. In the case of true process you 
have two independent Python virtual machines. That may make things
go much faster.

Another issue is the libraries you use. A lot of them aren't 
thread safe. So you need to watch out.

Chance


From darkbard at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 19:06:01 2006
From: darkbard at gmail.com (Gabriele *darkbard* Farina)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 16:06:01 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
Message-ID: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I saw the rexec module is deprecated. I need to develop a python
application able to run custom python code based on a configuration
file that tells the path of the script that have to be executed. Those
scripts can be runned simultaneously trought threading module, but the
MUST not have any way to change the base application nor the other
scripts behaviour.

There is a way to reach this point without using rexec? There is a way
to start a python interpreter from python to run the scripts?

My final goal is to develop a simple fastcgi script that, based on
configuration files, is able to host different applications without
need to copy the script for any application and with any risk that the
scripts will ifluence in any way each other.

Any help?

Gabriele



From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul  3 03:19:16 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:19:16 +0200
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <e8ag7j$ifq$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Kirk McDonald wrote:

> Let's say I have a function that takes a callback function as a
> parameter, and uses it to describe an iteration:
> 
> def func(callback):
>      for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
>          callback(i)
> 
> For the sake of argument, assume the iteration is something more
> interesting than this which relies on the callback mechanism. The
> function is an existing interface, and I cannot change it.
> 
> I want to somehow, in some way, provide an iteration interface to this
> function. Thoughts?

I don't think there is a robust solution, see

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/0ce55373f128aa4e/1d27a78ca6408134?&hl=en
aka http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2003-December/197726.html

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/5793298a1ce93292/9230ddcc55d84694?&hl=en
aka http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2004-September/239025.html

Peter



From spamspam at spam.eggs  Mon Jul 17 09:39:06 2006
From: spamspam at spam.eggs (Ben C)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:39:06 GMT
Subject: solving equation system
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebn4ni.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>

On 2006-07-17, TG <girodt at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi there.
>
> Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
> * A is an array of shape (n,)
> * X is a positive float number
> * B is an array of shape (n,)
> * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
>
> A.X - B = O
> min(X)

Are we solving for A, B or X?  And what do you mean by min(X)? 

If we're solving for X there will be many combinations of A and B for
which there is no solution.


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Thu Jul 27 09:27:12 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:27:12 +0200
Subject: xmlrpc: hostname nor servname provided ?
In-Reply-To: <44C68392.1020407@designaproduct.biz>
References: <44C68392.1020407@designaproduct.biz>
Message-ID: <44C8BF30.7010806@designaproduct.biz>

> I'm running a service on a machine. The service is written in Python 
> (of course) and it connects to an XMLRPC server periodically.
> It recreates the ServerProxy instance each time it needs to connect to 
> the RPC server.
>
> The server is created with this code:
>
> server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy(local.SERVER_URL,allow_none=True)   # 
> local.SERVER_URL is something like 'https://myserver.com:3421'
>
>
> After running for a few hours, I always get this:
>
> 2006-07-25 16:33:26,431 ERROR .main Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/home/gandalf/AmazonOfferDownloader/AmazonOfferDownloader.py", 
> line 27, in run
>     logger.info("Connected to %s",server.serversignature())
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1096, in __call__
>     return self.__send(self.__name, args)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1383, in __request
>     verbose=self.__verbose
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1129, in request
>     self.send_content(h, request_body)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/xmlrpclib.py", line 1243, in 
> send_content
>     connection.endheaders()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 798, in endheaders
>     self._send_output()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 679, in _send_output
>     self.send(msg)
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 646, in send
>     self.connect()
>   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/httplib.py", line 1072, in connect
>     sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
>   File "<string>", line 1, in connect
> gaierror: (8, 'hostname nor servname provided, or not known')
>
> This exception does not stop my server program and it keeps trying to 
> connect to the xmlrpc server, but it raises the same exception again 
> and again.
> However, if I restart the program then everything works. The XML RPC 
> server has a static IP address and it is never restarted/reconfigured.
> I cannot find the problem. Please help me.
>   
Do you have ANY ideas about what I should check? We have 5 clients for 
the RPC server and they need to be run continously. This is a big 
problem because after some hours they stop working.

  Laszlo


From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 07:20:01 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:20:01 -0700
Subject: setting variables from a tuple NEWB
Message-ID: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

If I have a tuple like this:

tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))

is it possible to write code using tupGlob that is equivalent to:
VOWELS = 'aeiou'
CONS = ''bcdfgh'

Thanks,
Matthew



From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 10:04:28 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:04:28 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>

Darren New schrieb:
> As far as I understand it, Eiffel compilers don't even make use of 
> postconditions to optimize code or eliminate run-time checks (like null 
> pointer testing).

That's correct.

I think a large part of the reasons why this isn't done is that Eiffel's 
semantics is (a) too complicated (it's an imperative language after 
all), and (b) not formalized, which makes it difficult to assess what 
optimizations are safe and what aren't.

(Reason (c) is that Eiffel compiler vendors don't have the manpower for 
this kind of work, mostly in quantity but also, to some degree, in 
quality: people with a solid language semantics background tend to be 
repelled by the language inventor's know-it-all deny-the-problems 
don't-bother-me-with-formalisms attitude. He still has moved the state 
of the art ahead - mostly by pointing out a certain class of problems in 
OO designs and explaining them lucidly, and proposing solutions that 
hold up better than average even if still fundamentally flawed.)

Regards,
Jo


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 15 02:45:42 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 18:45:42 +1200
Subject: Hard time with installing MySQLdb for Python on Linux
References: <1152917899.248144.80310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-EC3830.18454215072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1152917899.248144.80310 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
 "gmax2006" <mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca> wrote:

>I am having hard time with installing MySQLdb on Linux.

...

>My Linux is "Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant)"

Why don't you just use yum to install python-mysql or whatever the 
package is called, and have it automatically work out what else is 
needed?


From datatype at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 15:24:36 2006
From: datatype at gmail.com (Tom  7)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 12:24:36 -0700
Subject: 2006 ICFP Programming Contest registration opens
Message-ID: <1151954676.305605.28370@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Language lovers:

Registration is now open for the 9th Annual ICFP Programming Contest!

   http://icfpcontest.org/


The contest, associated with the International Conference on
Functional Programming, will be held on the weekend of July 21-24. The
contest task will be released at noon EDT on Friday, and entries will
be accepted until noon EDT on Monday. Registration is free and open to
all. Teams may participate from any location, and may use any
programming language(s). Last year, 360 participants formed 161 teams
from 26 countries.

Prize money totaling $1750 US will be awarded to help defray the costs
of travel to the conference for the winners and for small cash prizes.
In addition, the winners of the contest will receive bragging rights
for the programming language of their choice. This makes the contest a
popular avenue for demonstrating the superiority of a favorite
language, or for exercising an experimental tool.

Though the specifics are secret until the contest begins, we promise
that this year's task will be very different from past competitions.
This year's theme is "computational archaeolinguistics."

Stay tuned for more information as the contest approaches!

 - 2006 Contest Organizers
   CMU Principles of Programming Group
   icfpcontest-organizers at lists.andrew.cmu.edu



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 07:43:16 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 04:43:16 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Damjan wrote:
> BTW I'd choose TurboGears for it's flexibility, but I guess Django could be
> nice when more rapid results are needed (and the problem doesn't fall too
> far from the Django sweet spot).

Well actually I was thinking of exaclty the same thing, because our
apps are mostly CRUD apps anyway. However I just learned of one very
big killer--lack of support for Oracle and MS SQL Server. That pretty
much shoots Django down from the list, and with it Python.

> >> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
>
> This is a hard attitude, but I have the same feeling about Ruby, I like
> Python and just don't see a reason to invest any time in Ruby (Rails or
> not).. and from that little I've seen from it.. I didn't like it.
> OTOH Ruby surelly is not that bad either.

Yeah, I know... in fact I have the same attitude towards Ruby too.
People have been telling me it's cool left and right and I go to see
some Ruby code, I go "UGH!", and refuse to continue. Maybe because Perl
is #1 on my Most Hated Language list. *shrugs*

Just that it's a big, huge, humongous pity to see Python keeps missing
the big thing over and over again. Last time when biotechnology was
hot, which language became The Language? Perl. Now simple web app is
hot? It's Ruby. Of course Python is used by Google and it's something,
but I guess a lot of people do not know that, even those making a
living in the IT industry. OTOH everybody knows about Rails and and
everybody raves about it, even those who haven't touched it!

> -- 
> damjan



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 11:34:18 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 01:34:18 +1000
Subject: built in zip function speed
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.15.34.17.546824@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 07:18:29 -0700, mart.franklin at gmail.com wrote:

> I hope I am not being too ignorant :p but here goes... my boss has
> written a bit of python code and asked me to speed it up for him...
> I've reduced the run time from around 20 minutes to 13 (not bad I think
> ;) to speed it up further I asked him to replace a loop like this:-
> 
> 
> index = 0
> 
> for element in a:
>    av = a[index]
>    bv = b[index]
>    cv = c[index]
>    dv = d[index]
>    avbv = (av-bv) * (av-bv)
>    diff = cv - dv
>    e.append(diff - avbv)
>    index = index + 1

This is, I think, a good case for an old-fashioned for-with-index loop:

for i in len(a):
    e.append(c[i] - d[i] - (a[i] - b[i])**2)

Python doesn't optimize away lines of code -- you have to do it yourself.
Every line of Python code takes a bit of time to execute. My version uses
34 lines disassembled; yours takes 60 lines, almost twice as much code.

(See the dis module for further details.)

It's too much to hope that my code will be twice as fast as yours, but it
should be a little faster.

> (where a, b, c and d are 200,000 element float arrays)
> to use the built in zip function.. it would seem made for this problem!
> 
> for av, bv, cv, dv in zip(a, b, c, d):
>    avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
>    diff = cv - dv
>    e.append(diff - avbv)
> 
> however this seems to run much slower than *I* thought it would
> (and in fact slower than slicing) I guess what I am asking is.. would
> you expect this?

Yes. zip() makes a copy of your data. It's going to take some time to copy
4 * 200,000 floats into one rather large list. That list is an ordinary
Python list of objects, not an array of bytes like the array module
uses. That means zip has to convert every one of those 800,000 floats
into rich Python float objects. This won't matter for small sets of data,
but with 800,000 of them, it all adds up.


-- 
Steven.



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Sat Jul  1 09:20:52 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 13:20:52 GMT
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <e8598q$et4$1@online.de>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
	<e7tj0t$n9i$2@online.de>
	<44a26911$1$660$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<e8598q$et4$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <UEupg.30647$7Z6.25529@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Chris Uppal schrieb:
>> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>>
>>>> This is implementation-defined in C.  A compiler is allowed to accept
>>>> variable names with alphabetic Unicode characters outside of ASCII.
>>>
>>> Hmm... that could would be nonportable, so C support for Unicode is
>>> half-baked at best.
>>
>> Since the interpretation of characters which are yet to be added to
>> Unicode is undefined (will they be digits, "letters", operators, symbol,
>> punctuation.... ?), there doesn't seem to be any sane way that a
>> language could allow an unrestricted choice of Unicode in identifiers.
> 
> I don't think this is a problem in practice. E.g. if a language uses the
> usual definition for identifiers (first letter, then letters/digits),
> you end up with a language that changes its definition on the whims of
> the Unicode consortium, but that's less of a problem than one might
> think at first.

It is not a problem at all. See the stability policies in
<http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/tr31-2.html>.

> Actually I'm not sure that Unicode is important for long-lived code.
> Code tends to not survive very long unless it's written in English, in
> which case anything outside of strings is in 7-bit ASCII. So the
> majority of code won't ever be affected by Unicode problems - Unicode is
> more a way of lowering entry barriers.

Unicode in identifiers has certainly been less important than some thought
it would be -- and not at all important for open source projects, for example,
which essentially have to use English to get the widest possible participation.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From nick at craig-wood.com  Tue Jul 18 04:30:04 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 03:30:04 -0500
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> wrote:
>  Creating and then searching a 10,000 element list to see if a
>  number is between two other numbers is insane.

>  Using xrange as somebody else suggested is also insane.

Aye to both

>  If you want to know if a number is between two other numders,
>  for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
> 
>      if 0 <= i <= 10000:

Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
that you can put any numbers in you like

$ python2.4 -m timeit -s 's=range(0,10000); i=5000' 'i in s'
1000 loops, best of 3: 228 usec per loop

$ python2.4 -m timeit -s 's=set(range(0,10000)); i=5000' 'i in s'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.312 usec per loop

$ python2.4 -m timeit -s 'i=5000' '0 <= i < 10000'
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.289 usec per loop

The below prints

range) That took 21.512 seconds: result 10001.0
set) That took 0.023 seconds: result 10001.0
comparison) That took 0.024 seconds: result 10001.0

............................................................

import time

start = time.time()
a = 1.0
for i in range(0, 30000):
    if i in range(0, 10000):
        a += 1
dt = time.time() - start
print "range) That took %.3f seconds: result %s" % (dt, a)

start = time.time()
a = 1.0
mine = set(range(0, 10000))
for i in range(0, 30000):
    if i in mine:
        a += 1
dt = time.time() - start
print "set) That took %.3f seconds: result %s" % (dt, a)

start = time.time()
a = 1.0
mine = set(range(0, 10000))
for i in range(0, 30000):
    if 0 <= i < 10000:
        a += 1
dt = time.time() - start
print "comparison) That took %.3f seconds: result %s" % (dt, a)

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 16:34:44 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 13:34:44 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151855490.454983.101640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151851661.925526.94520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151855490.454983.101640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151872484.060471.95470@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I used this _EXACT_ solution(copied below) at work a month ago, to
start 20ish programs, each with different settings.  In this case I HAD
to use telnet for some of them, because they were on an embedded
machine, 4 of them used SSH(across the internet), and the rest were
local programs.  It worked flawlessly each time (every restart of the
network... which was quite often in this case).  There may be more
integrated solutions which solve the problem, but expect is rediculousy
easy to use, and is very deterministic as long as the commands work.
If the commands fail to work (such as someone deletes your program),
debugging is rather difficult, but at least you have a full dump of
everything sent by the server (because pexpect prints it all to the
screen).  Also, once the connection is open, you can call
conn.interact() and it will make the terminal interactive, just like
any other shell.


vasudevram wrote:
> Just FYI - pexpect is a Python app that works like Expect - which is by
> Don Libes and written in TCL. Expect comes with most Linux
> distributions and is available for most UNIX / Linux versions from its
> web site http://expect.nist.gov/
>
> The expect man page is enough to get started for simple needs, such as
> yours appears to be. You might want to play around with the original
> Expect a bit and then try out pexpect  - or you could just use Expect
> itself for your needs.
>
> HTH
> Vasudev
> ---
> Vasudev Ram
> Independent software consultant
> http://www.geocities.com/vasudevram
> PDF conversion toolkit:
> http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtopdf
> ---
>
>
> faulkner wrote:
> > try pexpect.
> > http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
> >
> > valpa wrote:
> > > I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> > > telnet on to them and configure them.
> > > It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> > > each server.
> > >
> > > Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> > > consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> > > could start to type command in these xterms.
> > > 
> > > Any suggestion appreciate. Much thanks.



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Thu Jul 13 04:04:23 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 01:04:23 -0700
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
In-Reply-To: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152777863.112212.286670@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Sanjay wrote:
> I am new to python. Sorry if this is too novice question,

Don't worry and welcome.


> While coding a business class library, I think it is preferable to have
> one class per source file, rather than combining all classes into one
> file, considering multiple developers developing the classes.

The use of one class = one sourcefile is often coming from Java.
Usually in Python people use something in the middle, putting related
names / functions / classes in the same module.
And you can put related modules in the same directory (with the
__init__ file).


> Is there not a simple solution, a single import and you are able to use
> all the classes? Is there anything wrong in my approcah? Waiting for
> suggestions.

Other things that you may find useful to organize your names and
modules:
- the __all__ list to choose what to export;
- you can import a whole directory of modules;
- you can put many names in the same import line (from xx import xy,
yz, etc).
- Sometimes you can even use from XX import *  but this can be a little
dangerous.

Bye,
bearophile



From schwehr at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 17:04:28 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:04:28 -0700
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
In-Reply-To: <1qshc29e8151canqck59oda6njd8788sav@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.8614.1154004251.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154008853.626230.14030@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1qshc29e8151canqck59oda6njd8788sav@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154034268.307972.277080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> 	cursor.description -- after an .execute() has selected data.

Thanks Dennis,  The desciription works, but gives some funky results,
but with python it is not a big deal.

cu.description

(('activity_id', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('case_id', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('incident_dt', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('activity_type', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('vessel_id', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('waterway_name', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('event_type', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('event_class', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('event_subclass', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('activity_role', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('damage_status', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('latitude', None, None, None, None, None, None),
 ('longitude', None, None, None, None, None, None))



From n.estner at gmx.de  Sat Jul 22 08:21:29 2006
From: n.estner at gmx.de (nikie)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 05:21:29 -0700
Subject: Wxpython, using more than 1 timer?
References: <1153568259.744174.189730@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153570889.455293.63340@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

janama wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Using wx
> When adding a second timer as i have the first,  the second timer
> adding  stops the first timer (updating or stops?) . In this example im
> updating a uptime and localtime label. It works fine for displaying the
> last "self.startTimer2()" called. But prevents the previous
> self.startTimer1() from running . Im doing something fundamentally
> wrong i guess?
>
>     def __init__(self, parent):
>             self._init_ctrls(parent)
>
>             #Start timers
>             self.startTimer1()
>             self.startTimer2()
>
>     def startTimer1(self):
>         self.t1 = wx.Timer(self)
>         self.t1.Start(360) # 360000 ms = 1/10 hour
>         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime)
>
>     def startTimer2(self):
>         self.t2 = wx.Timer(self)
>         self.t2.Start(1000) # run every second
>         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime)
>
>     def OnTime(self,evt):
>         self.lblTime.SetLabel(str(time.localtime()))
>
>     def OnUpTime(self, evt):
>         self.lblUptime.SetLabel('Running ' + (str(myTimerText[0])) + '
> hours') # 1/10  hour count
>         myTimerText[0] = myTimerText[0] + .1
>
> Any help appreciated, ta

The problem is not that the first timer ist stopped, the problem is
that both timers happen to call the same method in the end.

Think of the "Bind" method as an assignment: it assigns a handler
function to an event source. If you call it twice for the same event
source, the second call will overwrite the first event handler. That's
what happens in your code.

The easiest way to change this is by using different ids for the
timers:

    def startTimer1(self):
        self.t1 = wx.Timer(self, id=1)
        self.t1.Start(2000)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime, id=1)

    def startTimer2(self):
        self.t2 = wx.Timer(self, id=2)
        self.t2.Start(1000)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime, id=2)

This way, the timers launch two different events, which are bound to
two different methods.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 08:15:00 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:15:00 +0100
Subject: Project organisation
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <e9l7od$3nj$1@sea.gmane.org>

rony steelandt wrote:
> Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py
> 
> What would be the best way to organise this
> 
> 1.
> c --\project1\*.py
>   |
>   |-\project2\*.py
>   |
>   --\globals\util.py
> 
> This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
> util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
> it still works (that could be project 1..n). 
> 
Of course it does. And if you genuinely want to share components between 
projects, how else could you verify that utility changes for one project 
hadn't broken the other?
> 2.
> A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
> modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
> clutered, having n versions of util.py.
> 
It will aslso give you probems if they get out of step, or if you want 
to make parallel changes in them all. I certainly wouldn't recommend this.

> What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?
> 
Seems to me that the best solution of all would be to have independent 
tests for the functionality defined in utils.py, and to run those tests 
after each change no matter for which project.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From srijit at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 00:55:08 2006
From: srijit at yahoo.com (Srijit Kumar Bhadra)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 21:55:08 -0700
Subject: Python *eggs* on Win32
Message-ID: <1152420908.372912.110850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have browsed the following links
1) http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall
2) When Python *Eggs* better than Python *distutils*?? What's Eggs?
(http://tinyurl.com/m8dyd)

But I am still not clear what to do with an .egg file. For example, if
I have a basic Python installation
(http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.4.3/python-2.4.3.msi) what should I
do with a typical .egg file (e.g.
http://cheeseshop.python.org/packages/2.4/l/lxml/lxml-1.1alpha-py2.4-static-win32.egg)?

I have only MinGW GCC compiler on my Win XP machine. Is it mandatory to
have Internet connection during installation of .egg files?

Best Regards,
Srijit



From titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 04:47:42 2006
From: titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com (=?UTF-8?B?RXJuZXN0byBHYXJjw61hIEdhcmPDrWE=?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 10:47:42 +0200
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <e9vd3g$s2i$1@hefestos.uned.es>

>>I'm sure there is a better way to do this:
>>
>>[random.choice(possible_notes) for x in range(length)]

> There is at least a better way to ask the question.  The subject has
> nothing to do with the body of your post.  Or am I missing something?

Sorry, I should have explained better. I just want to build a fix length 
list made up of elements generated by a function, in this case 
random.choice(). I don't like my list comprehension, because I'm using 
that dumb variable x and the range() list.

Ernesto


From mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 08:15:57 2006
From: mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com (Mr. Roboto)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:15:57 -0700
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153827559.696477.62330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153829757.296513.256620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Simon:  Good idea, but I'm not yet .NET-compatible and can't handle
that learning curve in addition to everything else.  IronPython is an
option I hadn't considered, but yours is a good idea for the next
project....

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> Have you considered IronPython?
>
> This is of course only an option if you're prepared to code in VB.NET
> or C# instead of VB6 or Delphi, but it would provide seamless
> integratioon between your Python code and the rest of your app and
> would not require an external graphics library - although you would
> need to distribute the .NET and IronPython runtimes.



From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 12:49:10 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 09:49:10 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8739.1154363422.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8739.1154363422.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154364550.810154.182610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Thanks I will look into it.

-Adam



Norman Khine wrote:
> northband wrote:
> > Hi, I am interested in re-writing my website in Python vs PHP but have
> > a few questions. Here are my specs, please advise as to which
> > configuration would be best:
> >
> > 1.Dell Poweredge Server, w/IIS, currently Windows but considering
> > FreeBSD
> > 2. Site consists of result pages for auctions and items for sale (100
> > per page)
> > 3. MySQL (Dell Poweredge w/AMD) database server connected to my web
> > server
> > 4. Traffic, 30 million page loads/month
> >
> > I am trying to have the fastest page loads, averaging 100 items per
> > result page.  I have read about using Apache's mod_python so I could
> > use PSP.  Any help or tips are appreciated.
> >
> > -Adam
> >
> >
> you should try http://www.ikaaro.org/itools it is a python library and
> has all you need, although it is still in alpha state, it is running
> some heavy applications such as http://destinationsflybe.com as an example.
>
> for the mysql you can use the csv module.
>
> for now it has not been ported on window$, try gentoo or freebsd
> 
> --
> Norman Khine



From petr.jakes at tpc.cz  Sun Jul  2 16:29:27 2006
From: petr.jakes at tpc.cz (=?windows-1250?Q?Petr_Jake=9A?=)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 22:29:27 +0200
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1374376353.20060702222927@tpc.cz>

g> This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
g> and no one gave an answer.
g> I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
g>  and then the backup agent restarted.
g> If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
g> connection is ssh.
g> How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
g> adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
g> iterate through the 100 servers. 
g> What script would allow this?

Maybe webmin could help. http://www.webmin.com/
You can manage cluster of servers at once.

Petr Jakes



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Tue Jul 11 18:40:30 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:40:30 +1200
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-C27781.10403012072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:

>Well, running the make on the command line seems to work just fine, no 
>errors at all.

What about running it as

    make kernelrelease | cat

This way the output goes to a pipe, which is what happens when it's 
called from your script. Do you see those "broken pipe" messages after a 
few minutes in this case?


From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:42:48 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:42:48 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Tim Chase wrote:
>  >>> import re
>  >>> s ='a (b c) d [e f g] h ia abcd(b c)xyz d [e f g] h i'
>  >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\S*(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\])\S*)|\S+')
>  >>> r.findall(s)
> ['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'ia', 'abcd(b c)xyz', 'd',
> '[e f g]', 'h', 'i']
>
[...]
> However, the above monstrosity passes the tests I threw at
> it.

but it can't pass this one: "(a c)b(c d) e"
the above regex gives out ['(a c)b(c', 'd)', 'e'], but the correct one
should be ['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Fri Jul  7 06:10:25 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 03:10:25 -0700
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or
	assistance sought
In-Reply-To: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1152267025.261550.169360@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ray Tomes:
> My package will have the following capabilities:
> 1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
> 2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
> 3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
> dozens of functions.
> 4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
> 5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
> 6. Built in functions to include:
> FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
> multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
> I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.

It seems quite doable. Beside doing vector arithmetic with SciPy, and
plotting/generating graphs with MatPlotLib, you may need a GUI toolkit,
like Tkinter (built-in), wxpython, etc:
http://pythoncard.sourceforge.net/
http://www.wxpython.org/
etc.

Designing good GUIs requires some time.

The "Loop and macro facilities" can be done in Python itself.

To use Fortran from Python:
http://cens.ioc.ee/projects/f2py2e/

Bye,
bearophile



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul 21 17:25:14 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 23:25:14 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9n5cn$p88$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<e9n5cn$p88$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c14495$0$6505$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
> In message <e9ksvr$g8u$1 at news.albasani.net>, Georg Brandl wrote:
> 
> 
(snip)

>>Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
>>is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
>>this?
>  
> Because the clearest rule of all is that True is true, and False is false,
> and that's all I want to have to remember.

I somewhat agree with Laura Craighton (cf Donn's post above in this 
thread). Things were clearer when there was no boolean type in Python, 
and we just had the difference between 'nothing' (empty sequence, zero 
numeric, None) and 'something' (almost anything else).


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 17:39:47 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 16:39:47 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.04.52.320820@gmx.net>
	<ti9zg.1555$W93.1057@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.37.43.207698@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <XI9zg.1560$W93.1194@dukeread05>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> In <ti9zg.1555$W93.1057 at dukeread05>, Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>> 
>>> And now please describe you problem a little better.  ;-)
>> 
>> I'll try.
>> 
>> first of all python is not going to be used for my purpose (sigh)
>> 
>> I have device A which holds a binary coded decimal array [N1,N2,....Nn]
>> where the array represents a decimal number.
>> 
>> In C: unsigned char dec[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};
>> 
>> I need that array converted for device B into an array where each element
>> represents the actual byte value.
>> 
>> In C: the result would be unsigned char hex[] =
>> {0x1,0x2,0xD,0x6,0x8,0x7};
>> 
>> I guess any pocket calculator goes through that process for dec/hex
>> conversion.
>> 
>> Hope that's clearer.
> 
> Not really.  Maybe I'm missing something obvious but I don't see the link
> between your `dec` and `hex` values.  12345678 converted to hex is
> bc614e.  Do you need such a conversion?  And should the result really be
> one nibble (4 bit)/hex digit per array entry!?
> 
> Ciao,
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

My apologies, I clearly made a mistake with my calculator, yes the resulting
array I would need is [0xb,0xc,0x6,0x1,0x4,0xe]

Regards,

Philippe





From david at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 20 17:12:28 2006
From: david at boddie.org.uk (David Boddie)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 14:12:28 -0700
Subject: Py2exe & (Py)QT4
References: <1153404906.179426.69690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153429948.578541.81800@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

shane.external at gmail.com wrote:
> I'm having trouble using Py2exe with a PyQT-based python project. Or
> possibly I'm having a problem with PyQT and Py2exe makes it apparent.
> Whichever it is, I run into trouble with importing QtCore and QtGui.
> The error reported is:
>
>  Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "xmlEdit.py", line 3, in ?
>    File "PyQt4\QtCore.pyc", line 12, in ?
>    File "PyQt4\QtCore.pyc", line 10, in __load
>  ImportError: DLL load failed: Invalid access to memory location.
>
> Line 10 is the import of QtCore.pyd, which is  included in the dist
> folder. Curiously, this is the same error I get when I input "from
> PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui" into IDLE, so I'm not even sure it's a
> Py2exe issue. I'm not quite sure what the error means, only that it
> isn't that the file is not found (a Module Not Found error occurs if I
> remove QtCore.pyd).

I don't use Windows, so I can only guess at what the problem is.
Maybe the libraries that QtCore.pyd depends on aren't available,
or they are in a place that the import machinery doesn't know
about.

> It run just fine from the command line. Can anyone shed some light on
> this? QT version is 4.1.3. Python is 2.4.3 and PyQT is 4.0.1.

I can only suggest looking in the py2exe Wiki:

  http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/moin.cgi/Py2Exe

I tried searching for similar report but only found this one

  http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/75317974fd73ea88

that might help you diagnose the problem.

If you want to take this to a PyQt-related mailing list, visit

  http://mats.imk.fraunhofer.de/mailman/listinfo/pykde

David



From skodela at lithium.com  Mon Jul 10 07:29:37 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:29:37 +0000
Subject: threading troubles
Message-ID: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Hi folks

What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in 
the background.
#########################################
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
     def __init__(self, cmd, callback):
         self.__cmd = cmd
         self.__callback = callback
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)

     def run(self):
         os.system(self.__cmd)
         self.__callback('abcd')
         return


cmd=midiplay+' '+fmidi
xc=MyThread(cmd,addlog)
xc.start()


######################
midiplay is 'fluidsynth -ni /home/mysndfont.sf2 mymidi.mid'
addlog is a function which prints the log.

If I run it only with xc.start() it does not run the program as in 
os.system. However if I  put
xc.start()
xc.run()

then it starts and runs it in foreground with my pygtk ui non responsive.

What am I missing!

Thanks for any ideas
sree


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 12:30:50 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 09:30:50 -0700
Subject: trouble understanding super()
References: <7vpzg.2606$No6.51376@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154363450.479986.16980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Salerno wrote:
> Here's some code from Python in a Nutshell. The comments are lines from
> a previous example that the calls to super replace in the new example:
>
> class A(object):
>      def met(self):
>          print 'A.met'
>
> class B(A):
>      def met(self):
>          print 'B.met'
>          # A.met(self)
>          super(B, self).met()
>
> class C(A):
>      def met(self):
>          print 'C.met'
>          # A.met(self)
>          super(C, self).met()
>
> class D(B, C):
>      def met(self):
>          print 'D.met'
>          # B.met()
>          # C.met()
>          super(D, self).met()
>
> Then you call D().met()
>
> Now, I understand that the commented code would cause A.met to be called
> twice. But why does the second version (with super) not also do this? I
> guess my problem lies in not understanding exactly what the super
> function returns.
>
> super(D, self).met() seems like it would return something that has to do
> with both B and C, which each in turn return a superobject having to do
> with A, so why isn't A.met called twice still?
>
> Thanks!


Basically super(class_, self).method  looks in self's mro (it's list of
base classes) for class class_, and then starts searching *after* class
class_ for the next class that implements the method.

In this case the object's (instance of D) mro will be (D, B, C, A,
object), so as super gets called in each class, it looks in that list
(tuple, whatever) for the class following it (actually the next class
following it that implements the method).

Since no class appears in that list more than once, each class's
implementation of the method will only be called once.


HTH,
~Simon


Also, if you haven't already, read:
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#cooperation



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Fri Jul 14 05:26:00 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:26:00 +0200
Subject: Byte array question
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.14.09.25.56.177358@gmx.net>

In <1152817088.549439.201960 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, Dan Winsor
wrote:

> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
>> dan.winsor at gmail.com enlightened us with:
>> > I want to send thorugh the API.  However, no matter how I try it,
>> > Java on the other end doesn't like what I'm passing it there.
>>
>> What have you tried and how did it fail?
> 
> See below.
> 
>> > How can I mimic a byte array in python?
>>
>> Strings?
> 
> OK, I'll put that attempt up front.  Here's a couple of tries:
> 
> <test code snippet>
> fileobj = open('testfile.txt', mode='r')
> chararray = fileobj.read()
> fileobj.close()
> 
> soap.addAttachmentsToIssue(auth,'TST-4','testfile.txt',chararray)
> 
> <fails with>
> SOAPpy.Types.faultType: <Fault soapenv:Server.userException:
> org.xml.sax.SAXException: Found character data inside an array element
> while deserializing: <SOAPpy.Types.structType detail at -1216265236>:
> {'hostname': '<removed>', 'faultData': <SOAPpy.Types.structType
> faultData at -1216226708>: {'exception': None, 'message': 'Found
> character data inside an array element while deserializing'}}>

In the Java snippet from your initial post the `chararray` argument was an
*array* of `Byte` arrays.  A string is just an one dimensional "byte
array".  Maybe it helps if you put `chararray` into a list!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From darkpaladin79 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 16:40:58 2006
From: darkpaladin79 at gmail.com (Ivan Shevanski)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:40:58 -0400
Subject: When writing text. . .
In-Reply-To: <n7fkpzevp6bt.92ywp4a3t53e.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>
	<n7fkpzevp6bt.92ywp4a3t53e.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <17d4ae400607241340g4ca816f0t4d24eabbf4c07b6f@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/14/06, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> On 2006-07-14 18:05:56, Ivan Shevanski wrote:
>
> > Hey I'm pretty new to python and I have a question.  I'm trying to
> write:
> > "[BOOT]
> > run=C:\windows\aawin.bat"
> >
> > in my win.ini
> > So I went about it like this:
> >
> > win = open('C:\windows\win.ini', 'a')
> > win.write('[BOOT]')
> > win.write('\n')
> > win.write('run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')
>
> Maybe write a '\n' before the [BOOT] -- unless you can guarantee that the
> previous line ends with a CRLF.
>
> BTW, it's probably a good thing to always escape the backslash (that is,
> use '\\') when you want a backslash, not only for the '\\a' case. Or of
> course use a raw string.
>
> Gerhard
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
Sorry about the late response, I was away.  Thanks for all the help =D


-- 



-Ivan
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From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:29:10 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:29:10 -0600
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
Message-ID: <YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>

guthrie wrote:
> Steven Bethard wrote:
>> Why would ``x.len()`` be any more convenient than ``len(x)``? Your 
>> preference here seems pretty arbitrary.
> -- Perhaps;
> but having all standard operations as a method seems more regular (to 
> me), and allows a simple chained operation format of a series of method 
> calls, instead of alternating prefix function calls, and post-fix method 
> invocations; e.g.
>       x.lower().strip().toList().sort().join()
> seems cleaner and simpler than the usage below, where the pre/post 
> alternation is visually more complex.
> I think the mix of OO like methods, and global functions, is not ideal.

The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you write 
a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are 
implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any 
iterable and only need to be defined once::

     def list(iterable):
         result = []
         for item in iterable:
             result.append(item)
         return result

     def sorted(iterable):
         result = list(iterable)
         result.sort()
         return result

     def join(iterable):
         # this is more efficient in C, where the string's buffer can be
         # pre-allocated before iterating through the loop.
         result = ''
         for item in iterable:
             result += item
         return result

Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once, 
and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that 
you invent tomorrow.

If everything were methods, when you invented your container object 
tomorrow, you'd have to reimplement these methods on your class. (Or 
we'd have to introduce a Container class to provide them, and everyone 
would have to inherit from that if they wanted to define a container.)

>>>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
>>>
>>>     This would allow things like:
>>>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
>>
>> Use sorted():
>>
>>     key = ','.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))
> -- Thanks!
> (Is the comma in ',' just a typo?)

No, the comma puts a comma between each item.  I wasn't sure whether the 
comma in your original was a typo for ''. or for ','.  Of course if you 
don't want the comma between each item, you should just use ''

STeVe


From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 22:31:14 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:31:14 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154053874.100840.122250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hello Chaos,

Whatever you do in "#Actions here ..." might be expressed nicely as a
ufunction for numeric. Then you might be able to convert the expression
to a numeric expression. Check out numpy/scipy.

In general, if thisHeight, thisWidth are large use xrange not range.
range() generates a list of numbers first then iterates through them.
So try that first.

Then of course if you do the whole thing many times you could just
pre-generate the indices as in:
all_indices=[]
for i in xrange(thisHeight):
  for j in xrange(thisWidth):
     all_indices.append( (i,j) )

Then each time you need to run '#Actions here...' you can just use
for (i,j) in all_indices:
    #Actions here ... blah blah

In general, if there would be a way to significantly optimize generic
for loops, they would probably be already optimized...

Nick V.


Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> compiling my files.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 14:27:10 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 20:27:10 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c11c7f$0$23097$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

T wrote:
> I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
> to an instance of another class:
> 
> 
> 
> # Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
> foo = Parse_Option()
> 
> # Class that does the real work
> bar = Processor()
> 
> bar.index = foo.options.index
> bar.output  = foo.options.output
> bar.run()

> 
> This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
> class to another.  Isn't there a better way???

What's wrong with:

foo = Parse_Option()
bar = Processor()
bar.run(foo.options.index, foo.options.output)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From curtisdulmadge at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 12:50:40 2006
From: curtisdulmadge at gmail.com (curtisdulmadge at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 09:50:40 -0700
Subject: Treasure Trooper
Message-ID: <1152031840.480351.114260@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

 what you do here is you complete simple surveys and offers, some
require a credit card, but i just do all the free ones :D

its easy to do, you just register and do the offers, then click the
"done" button when you have completed it to what the instructions say,
here is the website if you want to check it out

www.treasuretrooper.com/111524 (copy and paste into browser

this is how the payment works: say in june you made 60$, then on the
15th of next month, so on july 15th you would get your money. they send
a check in the mail so yes, you have to provide your correct address,
not a fake one (dont worry they dont spam you with shit) and you will
get a check in the mail from them and you can cash it like any other
check.

so far, i have been doing this thing for 2 months and i have been payed
$156.50 total. its easy money and only takes about half an hour a day
if your really keen on it, but usually 10 minutes is fine. on their
forums i ha ve heard that people are making like $200+ i hope i can get
that much in the future. im pretty close.

once again, if you are interested in signing up, here is where you go:
www.treasuretrooper.com/111524  (copy and paste into your browser)



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul  7 04:20:32 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:20:32 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
>AP> was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>AP> more complicated. 

What do you mean with `the lefthand variable'? Especially when talking
about `complicated lefthand sides'?

>AP> Sure people may prefer to speak about (re)binding
>AP> vs mutating variables, but just because I didn't use the prefered terms,
>AP> starting to doubt my understanding of the language, seems a bit
>AP> premature IMO. I'm sure there are areas where my understanding of
>AP> the language is shaky, metaclasses being one of them, but understanding
>AP> how names are searched doesn't seem to be one of them.

You didn't understand it in your OP. Maybe your understanding has gained in
the meantime?
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 22:25:29 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 19:25:29 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Unfortunately this is due to the nature of the problem I am tasked with
> solving.  I have a large computing farm, these os.system calls are often
> things like ssh that do work on locations remote from the initial python
> task.  I suppose eventually I'll end up using a framework like twisted
> but, as with many projects, I got thrown into this thing and threading
> is where we ended up.  So now there's the rush to make things work
> before we can really look at a proper solution.

I don't get what threading and Twisted would to do for
you. The problem you actually have is that you sometimes
need terminate these other process running other programs.
Use spawn, fork/exec* or maybe one of the popens.


> Again, the problem I'm trying to solve doesn't work like this.  I've
> been working on a framework to be run across a large number of
> distributed nodes (here's where you throw out the "duh, use a
> distributed technology" in my face).  The thing is, I'm only writing the
> framework, the framework will work with modules, lots of them, which
> will be written by other people.  Its going to be impossible to get
> people to write hundreds of modules that constantly check for status
> messages.  So, if I want my thread to "give itself up" I have to tell it
> to give up.

Threads have little to do with what you say you need.

[...]
> I feel like this is something we've established multiple times.  Yes, we
> want the thread to kill itself.  Alright, now that we agree on that,
> what is the best way to do that.

Wrong. In your examples, you want to kill other processes. You
can't run external programs such as ssh as Python threads. Ending
a Python thread has essentially nothing to do with it.

> Right now people keep saying we must  send the thread a message.

Not me. I'm saying work the problem you actually have.


-- 
--Bryan



From frank at chagford.com  Tue Jul 18 03:14:50 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 00:14:50 -0700
Subject: XMLRPC Solution Code
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8283.1153204383.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8283.1153204383.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153206890.708030.210920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> dylpkls91 wrote:
> >
> > The hard part now is getting the server code to run as a Windows
> > service- argh!!!
> > I can get it installed and started using modified code from:
> > http://www.schooltool.org/products/schooltool-calendar/documentation/how-to/running-as-a-windows-service/schooltool-service.py/view
> >
> > but for some reason when the server is a service the client refuses to
> > connect properly!
> > Grrr... anybody know why?
> >
> Because there are specific requirements for Windows services, that your
> program isn't comlpying with.
>
>
> I'm afraid you'll need to Google for "python windows service" or
> similar: in essence the main thing the service has to do (besides serve)
> is ensure a continuous flow of messages through the system. It's ugly,
> but people have done it before.
>

I use something called 'srvany' -
   http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q137890/

I have a socket server program, written in pure Python, which I need to
run as a service. 'srvany' enables me to do this without using any of
the Win32 extensions or other complications.

I have not run it in a heavy-duty environment so I don't know if there
are any problems with it. I have it set up on my Windows 2003 Server,
and after a restart, my server program is automatically started as a
service and any client can connect straight away.

Frank Millman



From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 02:06:25 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 23:06:25 -0700
Subject: Tkinter function variable passing
Message-ID: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

How to pass the variables defined inside the function to the another
function on click event of the button in Tkinter?
pleas send me a sample code if anybody has it.
thanx



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul 28 03:07:20 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:07:20 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8640.1154047707.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8640.1154047707.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c9b5d4$0$30124$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-27 17:10:55, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? 
>>
>>You *don't* "write to a non-mutable object". You rebind the name to 
>>another object (mutable or not, that's not the problem).
> 
> 
> Ok, sloppy writing (sloppy thinking, or probably incomplete understanding
> :) on my part. Let me rephrase the three original questions:
> 
> 
>>>Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? Are
>>>there situations where binding happens without writing to a variable? Are
>>>there write accesses to non-mutable objects where the name is not on the
>>>LHS?
> 
> 
> Rephrased as:
> 
> Isn't being on the LHS (of an assignment) the only way to (re)bind a
> variable?

<pedantic>
s/variable/name/
</pedantic>

> Are there situations where binding happens without an explicit
> assignment with the variable name being on the LHS?

Assignment aside, binding occurs:

1/ on evaluation of import, class and def statement
see Dennis answer for an example with import. Here are examples with def 
and class:

 >>> a
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
 >>> a = []
 >>> a
[]
 >>> id(a)
1078043820
 >>> def a(): pass
...
 >>> a
<function a at 0x404162cc>
 >>> id(a)
1078026956
 >>> class a: pass
...
 >>> a
<class __main__.a at 0x4040dadc>
 >>> id(a)
1077992156
 >>>

2/ on function call for the function's arguments

This second case won't obviously *re*bind existing names in the 
function's namespace, nor in the caller namespace, so we don't care here.


3/ as a result of a list comp or for loop:

 >>> a
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
 >>> for a in range(3): pass
...
 >>> a
2
 >>> b
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'b' is not defined
 >>> [b for b in range(3)]
[0, 1, 2]
 >>> b
2
 >>>

AFAICT and IIRC, this should cover most cases - please someone correct 
me if I forgot something here...


 > Can the object
 > referenced by a variable name get changed without the variable name
 > appearing on the LHS?

 >>> a = []
 >>> id(a)
1078043820
 >>> def change(l):
...     l.append(42)
...
 >>> change(a)
 >>> a
[42]
 >>> id(a)
1078043820
 >>>

First assignment aside, the *name* 'a' is never on the LHS of an 
assignment, yet the object referenced by name 'a' got 'changed' : it was 
initially empty, after call to change() it contains an int.

Yes, I know, this is not what you meant (and no, name 'a' has not been 
rebound) - but that's really what you asked :  the object referenced by 
name 'a' got changed without name 'a' being on the LHS !-) Hence the 
emphasis on the difference between mutating (modifying/changing/...) an 
object and rebinding a name...

I think your intented question was more like : "can a name be rebound 
without that name being on the LHS of an assignment", and it's addressed 
above

> (I hope I got this right now... 

Almost !-)

> asking the correct questions is not so easy
> sometimes :)

Indeed !-)


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 20:32:18 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:32:18 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <7xu0549uv0.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7xu0549uv0.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153960338.655670.40830@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thank you all for the replies, i now have a better solution.


Cheers



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 02:21:22 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 23:21:22 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8612.1154000405.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8612.1154000405.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154067682.708843.263210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> You obviously haven't yet passed your floating-point number proficiency
> test yet. Please restrict yourself to integers until you understand the
> difficulties that inaccuracies in floating-point can create ;-)

hm, actually, i understand the limitation of floating point.
but my real concern is, how come "print" favors one version over the
other...
the first version will favor the correct rounding, while the second
doesn't favor it.  to me, this is biased computing....  i will feel
happier if the behavior is consistent.  (such as the first line
printing out as 1.2344999999999) .  if most people favor the behavior
of line 1, that is, silently rounding off to about the 11th decimal
places, then why doesn't printing with formatting also use that same
behavior, which is rounding off to the 11th places first, and then
round off to whatever the user wants.

>>>>print 1.2345

> 1.2345

>>>>print "%10.3f" % 1.2345

>      1.234

but then again, i just realize even if i do a

>>> round(1.2344999999999999999, 6)

1.2344999999999999

so even if you round it off, it is still represented the same way....
still, how "print" handles 1.2345 and treating it and printing it as
1.2345, i wonder why we don't make the "print with formatting" the same
behavior, treating it as 1.2345 first and round it off to 1.235



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 00:59:22 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 21:59:22 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152236084.932637.55040@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152182086.823499.272220@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152226068.636740.241630@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152236084.932637.55040@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152248362.253716.287900@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:
> >
> > Do you have any docs that might help me?

the only information i have is from using help(wmi.WMI) and from the
examples on Tim Golden's website

>
>
> What would be the best way to watch for multiple pieces of software at
> the same time, eg. watching for the start up of calc.exe notepad.exe.

Well to watch for multiple process at the same time you need to use
Threads and have written one found at
http://www.google.com/notebook/public/14017391689116447001/BDUsxIgoQkcSO3bQh

> Or even how could I query what the value of the attribute Name is equal
> to in the object calc_created from the example above?

Im not quite sure what youre asking.

-Cheers



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 19:12:31 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 16:12:31 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Tom Plunket wrote:
> I have some code to autogenerate some boilerplate code so that I don't
> need to do the tedious setup stuff when I want to create a new module.
>
> So, my script prompts the user for the module name, then opens two
> files and those files each get the contents of one of these functions:
>
> def GetPyContents(module):
> 	boilerplate = \
> """
> class %s:
> 	pass
>
> if __name__ == '__main__':
> 	import unittest
> 	unittest.main('%s_t')
> """
>
> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 2)
>
> def GetTestContents(module):
> 	boilerplate = \
> """from %s import *
> import unittest
>
> class Test%s(unittest.TestCase):
> 	def testConstruction(self):
> 		self.failUnless(%s())
>
> 	def testWriteMoreTests(self):
> 		self.fail('This test should fail.')
>
> if __name__ == '__main__':
> 	unittest.main()
> """
>
> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)
>
> My question is, I don't like hardcoding the number of times that the
> module name should be repeated in the two return functions.  Is there
> an straight forward (inline-appropriate) way to count the number of
> '%s'es in the 'boilerplate' strings?  ...or maybe a different and more
> Pythonic way to do this?  (Maybe I could somehow use generators?)
>
> thx.
> -tom!


strings have a count() method.

Since you know that you won't have things like '%%s' in your
boilerplate, it's perfectly reasonable to use:

return boilerplate % ((module,) * boilerplate.count('%s'))

in your code.

Peace,
~Simon

return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:56:16 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:56:16 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151920372.312117.118890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151868051.206324.259810@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920372.312117.118890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151920576.710555.90670@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I can get to my code on wednesday, I'll upload it somewhere you can get
a copy of it.  But do look into using SSH, because in the long run it
is a far better tool.  A properly configured SSHD also opens the way to
scp.  Without scp, copying files means ftp, or unsecured rsync.

Do you want tabbed windows, or just a distinct xterm for each?


valpa wrote:
> Thanks,
>
> But I need to to do complicated job in the xterm consoles for servers.
> So I need
> to open many xterm consoles and I just want to save my time from
> telneting...usr/pwd...
>



From ralphdepping at googlemail.com  Fri Jul 28 04:23:13 2006
From: ralphdepping at googlemail.com (ralphdepping at googlemail.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:23:13 -0700
Subject: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
Message-ID: <1154074993.138404.145380@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and
python.  I get the following error when trying to view the start page
after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end
related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code
10107).  10107 is "A system call that should never fail has
failed"...which isn't very helpful.  Any ideas what the problem may be?

 Thanks,
Ralph

CGI Error
The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete
set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are:


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi", line 40, in ?
    from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI
  File "C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py", line 10, in ?
    import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO
  File "C:\Python\lib\cgi.py", line 39, in ?
    import urllib
  File "C:\Python\lib\urllib.py", line 26, in ?
    import socket
  File "C:\Python\lib\socket.py", line 44, in ?
    import _socket 
ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107



From russandheather at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 11:44:48 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:44:48 -0700
Subject: How to convert arbitrary objects directly to base64 without
	initial string conversion?
References: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8130.1152803187.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152805488.670787.245980@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> Many functions that operate on strings also accept buffer objects as parameters,
> this seems also be the case for the base64.encodestring function.  ctypes objects
> support the buffer interface.
>
> So, base64.b64encode(buffer(ctypes_instance)) should work efficiently.

Thanks!  I have never used (or even heard of) the buffer objects.  I'll
check it out.

Russ



From DustanGroups at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 22:18:38 2006
From: DustanGroups at gmail.com (Dustan)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:18:38 -0700
Subject: Small problem with print and comma
In-Reply-To: <3snqc2l46rgjm8eph0hrakvv3adm43uuo2@4ax.com>
References: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3snqc2l46rgjm8eph0hrakvv3adm43uuo2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154312318.428247.258500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> >     for i in range(0,len(param)):
> > 	print a[i],
>
> 	for it in param:
> 		print it,

That's one way. However, if you need the position (this is for future
reference; you don't need the position number here):

for i in range(len(param)+1):
    print a[i],

The last position was excluded because you forgot the '+1' part,
creating an off-by-one bug.



From thorsten at thorstenkampe.de  Sat Jul  1 21:41:30 2006
From: thorsten at thorstenkampe.de (Thorsten Kampe)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 02:41:30 +0100
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <jq2godmbaxar$.561hh7d40oc.dlg@40tude.net>

* gavino (2006-07-01 11:34 +0000)
> This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> and no one gave an answer.
> I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
>  and then the backup agent restarted.
> If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> connection is ssh.
> How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> iterate through the 100 servers. 
> What script would allow this?

Tentakel


From digitalorganics at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 13:18:44 2006
From: digitalorganics at gmail.com (digitalorganics at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:18:44 -0700
Subject: Replace Whole Object Through Object Method
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7481.1151388283.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151337453.804750.293180@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a0132d$0$21282$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1151342941.256085.243000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7481.1151388283.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152033523.969864.248520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> digitalorganics at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > I'm working with a team that's doing social modeling, and for example,
> > I need to model workers that at some point in the program may or may
> > not also become employers. Now, I want the workers to take on all
> > behaviors and attributes of an employer in addition to their
> > pre-existing "worker" behaviors and attributes. Also, as I'm sure you
> > guessed, the workers' attributes need to retain their values at that
> > point in the program, so a brand new worker-employer object wouldn't in
> > itself do the trick.
>
> so why not just do that, instead of trying to come up with overly
> convoluted ways to abuse a class mechanism that you don't fully understand ?

Why not just do what? And the way you use the term abuse, almost as if
Python's class mechanism was someone's child...

>
> I suspect that your team would prefer if you got your inspiration from
> GoF instead of Goldberg.
> 
> </F>



From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 09:31:36 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:31:36 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e92tso$bar$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
>>> these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
>>> right?
>> That's how it's done in Eiffel, yes.
>>
>>  > In other words, we can consider contracts in light of
>>> inheritance, but the actual verification and checking happens
>>> at runtime, yes?
>> Sure. Though, while DbC gives rules for inheritance (actually subtypes),
>> these are irrelevant to the current discussion; DbC-minus-subtyping can
>> still be usefully applied.
> 
> Yes, subtyping. Of course I meant to say subtyping.<blush>

No need to blush for that, it's perfectly OK in the Eiffel context, 
where a subclass ist always assumed to be a subtype. (This assumption 
isn't always true, which is why Eiffel has some serious holes in the 
type system. The DbC ideas are still useful though, saying "subtype" 
instead of "subclass" just makes the concept applicable outside of OO 
languages.)

> I can certainly see how DbC would be useful without subtyping.
> But would there still be a reason to separate preconditions
> from postconditions? I've never been clear on the point
> of differentiating them (beyond the fact that one's covariant
> and the other is contravariant.)

There is indeed.
The rules about covariance and contravariance are just consequences of 
the notion of having a subtype (albeit important ones when it comes to 
designing concrete interfaces).

For example, if a precondition fails, something is wrong about the 
things that the subroutine assumes about its environment, so it 
shouldn't have been called. This means the error is in the caller, not 
in the subroutine that carries the precondition.

The less important consequence is that this should be reflected in the 
error messages.

The more important consequences apply when integrating software.
If you have a well-tested library, it makes sense to switch off 
postcondition checking for the library routines, but not their 
precondition checking.
This applies not just for run-time checking: Ideally, with compile-time 
inference, all postconditions can be inferred from the function's 
preconditions and their code. The results of that inference can easily 
be stored in the precompiled libraries.
Preconditions, on the other hand, can only be verified by checking all 
places where the functions are called.

>>> Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
>>> this raises decidability issues.)
>> Exactly, and that's why you'd either uses a restricted assertion
>> language (and essentially get something that's somewhere between a type
>> system and traditional assertion); or you'd use some inference system
>> and try to help it along (not a simple thing either - the components of
>> such a system exist, but I'm not aware of any system that was designed
>> for the average programmer).
> 
> As to the average programmer, I heard this recently on
> comp.databases.theory:
> 
> "Don't blame me for the fact that competent programming, as I view it
> as an intellectual possibility, will be too difficult for "the
> average programmer"  -you must not fall into the trap of rejecting
> a surgical technique because it is beyond the capabilities of the
> barber in his shop around the corner."   -- EWD512

Given the fact that we have far more need for competently-written 
programs than for competent surgery, I don't think that we'll be able to 
follow that idea.

>>> Mightn't it also be possible to
>>> leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
>>> was compile-time or runtime?
>> I'd agree with that, but I'm not sure how well that would hold up in
>> practice.
> 
> I want to try it and see what it's like.

So do I :-)

Regards,
Jo


From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 09:47:13 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:47:13 +0100
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>
	<e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <e9ld59$n6h$1@sea.gmane.org>

Sion Arrowsmith wrote:
> Daniel Dittmar  <daniel.dittmar at sap.corp> wrote:
> 
>>        if line [:1] == '#':
> 
> 
> What's wrong with line[0] == '#' ? (For one thing, it's fractionally
> faster than [:1].)
> 
> 
For that matter, what's wrong with

     line.startswith('#')

which expresses the intent rather better as well.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 23:25:26 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 20:25:26 -0700
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
In-Reply-To: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154143526.650681.122750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

switzerland qunatium computer wrote:
> HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS

Gene Ray called. He'd like his crazy back, please.

-alex23



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 17:05:06 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 14:05:06 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151787906.034306.266580@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> 1 - golden handcuffs.  Breaking old code is bad 90% of the time
I agree with you on  that, mostly for code that counted on list methods
of result of keys() - like you later show with sort.   But there is a
side note:  old code that assumed a particular ordering of the keys or
values is broken anyway.  So even if ks={1:0,2:0,3:0}.keys() returns
[1,2,3] on my machine I should not do something like
'my_savings_account + ks[0]' That code should be fixed anyway, since on
a different machine it might produce different values for ks[0].

> 2 - creating a set MAY be slower.
Creating a set from the dictionary's keys should not be a lot slower
because the keys are already unique, there is no need to check each key
against the other keys just return them as a set.  I assume this is
what you meant by "make the set hashmap have the same dimensions and
rules as the dictionary one".  Perhaps a dictionary would internally
just copy its  keys to the set and return it rather than construct as
set from scratch (with duplication checks and all).

>3 - using a set is sometimes slower
Again, depending how it is used.  In your case you argue that you
usually sort the keys anyway so a list is more convinient.  But
different use cases can call for differnent operations on the keys()
after they have been retrieved. What if someone wants to do an
intersection to find common keys with another dictionary, then a set
would be more appropriate. The intent of the set() type was to not temp
anyone into assuming an ordering of keys() just because a list is
indexable. And eliminate the need for a long footnote in the
documentation of the dict type that talks about 'an arbitrary
non-random ordering' - it takes while just to grasp what that means...

In general I believe that a small performance penalty is acceptable in
order to have a correct and consistent data type, especially for Python
i.e. I might not argue the same for Perl or C.

-Nick V.

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> There's a few good reasons.
> 1 - golden handcuffs.  Breaking old code is bad 90% of the time
> 2 - creating a set MAY be slower.
>
> Python's sets seem to imply to that they will always be a hash map.  in
> this case, some creative hash map "mapping" could allow one to create a
> set without calculating hash codes (make the set hashmap have the same
> dimentions and rules as the dictionary one).
> If there was intent to allow Python implementations to use trees for
> the set, then a list is far faster to create (O(n) time instead of
> O(nlogn)).
>
> 3 - using a set is sometimes slower (just as using a list is sometimes
> slower)
> I can't speak for your code, but this is the most common use of keys in
> my coding:
> # d is some dictionary
> keys = d.keys()
> keys.sort()
> for k in keys:
>   #blah
>
> sets cannot be sorted, while lists can.  If keys() returned a set, then
> I'd have to turn it into a list every time.
>
> There's potential to add "views" to python (a key view of a dictionary
> being a frozenset containing the dictionary's keys, which is updated
> whenever the dictionary updates), but I think thats annother topic
> which is out of the scope of your origional idea.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 15:59:09 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 21:59:09 +0200
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <1152127653.676307.192170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152127653.676307.192170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8h5mc$6km$1@sea.gmane.org>

jbrewer wrote:

> Just SimpleXMLRPCServer from the standard library.

which means that you should be able to do something like

from SimpleXMLRPCServer import SimpleXMLRPCServer,\
      SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler

class MyRequestHandler(SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler):

     def do_POST(self):

	if self.path != "/data":
	    return SimpleXMLRPCRequestHandler.do_POST(self)

         # handle POST to /data

	bytes = int(self.headers["content-length"])

	# copy 'bytes' bytes from self.rfile (in some way)
	data = self.rfile.read(bytes)
	# ... deal with data here ...

	response = "OK"

	self.send_response(200)
	self.send_header("Content-type", "text/plain")
	self.send_header("Content-length", str(len(response)))
	self.end_headers()
	self.wfile.write(response)
	self.wfile.flush()
	self.connection.shutdown(1)

SimpleXMLRPCServer((host, port), requestHandler=MyRequestHandler)

</F>



From hackerblinks at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:42:04 2006
From: hackerblinks at gmail.com (Adam Blinkinsop)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:42:04 -0700
Subject: ImportError raised in script, not interactive session.
Message-ID: <1154385724.409445.295570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I'm writing a set of modules to monitor remote system services, and I'm
having a problem running my test scripts.  When I pass the scripts into
python, like so:

--
$ PYTHONPATH="${TARGET_DIR}" python test.py
--

I get an ImportError:

--
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./test.py", line 6, in ?
    from overwatch.view import console
ImportError: No module named view
--

However, when I load up an interactive Python session:

--
$ PYTHONPATH="${TARGET_DIR}" python
--

I can do the exact same import statement with no problem:

--
Python 2.4.3 (#1, Jul 28 2006, 09:40:08)
[GCC 3.4.4 (Gentoo 3.4.4-r1, ssp-3.4.4-1.0, pie-8.7.8)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from overwatch.view import console
>>> dir(console)
['Daemon', 'UI', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__',
'datetime']
--

My package directory is arranged under ${TARGET_DIR} as prescribed in
the Python docs:
overwatch/
..__init__.py
..[etc.]
..view/
....__init__.py
....console.py
....[etc.]

All modules involved are my own, and I'm setting PYTHONPATH so I can
test with the package installed in my home directory (which I use
distutils to do).  I've checked online, and double-checked the Python
docs to make sure my modules are arranged properly, and it all looks
alright.  Any ideas?



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:43:09 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:43:09 +0200
Subject: help: output arrays into file as column
In-Reply-To: <1154026334.705131.90360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154024292.159495.201230@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154026334.705131.90360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c9238d$0$18852$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

bei a ?crit :
<ot> Please don't top-post</ot>

> Hi,Simon,
> 
> Thanks for your reply.It's very helpful :)
> But I am sorry for my given example.Actually, my data in the arrays are
> all float point datas.And I use integer in the example.The code is like
> this.
> ("x,v,...,h" are floating point number arrays)

Arrays or lists ?

> pos=str(x)

Why on earth are you doing this ?

> vel=str(v)
> ene=str(u)
> den=str(rho)
> pre=str(P)
> hms=str(h)
> datas=zip(pos,vel,ene,den,pre,hms)

datas = zip(v, u, rho, P, h)

> filename="data.dat"
> file=open(filename,"w")

This shadows the builtin 'file' type. Using another name may be a good idea.

> for datum in datas:
>   print >>file, ' '.join(datum)
   print >> file, ' '.join(map(str, datum))

> file.close()




> 
> However, the result seperate each point in floating number , but not
> regard them as a whole. It's like this :
> 
> 
> [ [ [ [ [ [
> - 0 1 1 1 0
> 0 . . . . .
> . 0 4 0 0 0
> 5 , 9 , , 0
> 9   9     3

(snip)

One of the nice things with Python is the interactive shell. Let's use it:
Python 2.4.1 (#1, Jul 23 2005, 00:37:37)
[GCC 3.3.4 20040623 (Gentoo Linux 3.3.4-r1, ssp-3.3.2-2, pie-8.7.6)] on 
linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> a = map(float, range(0,3))
 >>> a
[0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
 >>> b = map(float, range(12, 15))
 >>> c = map(float, range(7, 10))
 >>> a, b, c
([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [12.0, 13.0, 14.0], [7.0, 8.0, 9.0])
 >>> str(a)
'[0.0, 1.0, 2.0]'
 >>> list(str(a))
['[', '0', '.', '0', ',', ' ', '1', '.', '0', ',', ' ', '2', '.', '0', ']']
 >>> zip(str(a), str(b), str(c))
[('[', '[', '['), ('0', '1', '7'), ('.', '2', '.'), ('0', '.', '0'), 
(',', '0', ','), (' ', ',', ' '), ('1', ' ', '8'), ('.', '1', '.'), 
('0', '3', '0'), (',', '.', ','), (' ', '0', ' '), ('2', ',', '9'), 
('.', ' ', '.'), ('0', '1', '0'), (']', '4', ']')]
 >>> zip(a, b, c)
[(0.0, 12.0, 7.0), (1.0, 13.0, 8.0), (2.0, 14.0, 9.0)]
 >>>

HTH


From fho at mailinator.com  Tue Jul  4 11:12:43 2006
From: fho at mailinator.com (Fabian Holler)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:12:43 +0200
Subject: regex module, or don't work as expected
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.03.15.242606@gmx.net>
References: <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>
	<pan.2006.07.04.15.03.15.242606@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44aa8611$0$7873$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>

Hello Marc,

thank you for your answer.

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f at read.cnntp.org>, Fabian Holler wrote:

>> i have the following regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]+(?=(iface)|$)"
>> 
>> If "iface" don't follow after the regex "iface lo[\w\t\n\s]" the rest of
>> the text should be selected.
>> But ?=(iface) is ignored, it is always the whole texte selected.
>> What is wrong?
> 
> The ``+`` after the character class means at least one of the characters
> in the class or more.  If you have a text like:

Yes thats right, but that isn't my problem.
The problem is in the "(?=(iface)|$)" part.

I have i.e. the text:

"auto lo eth0
<MATCH START>iface lo inet loopback
bla
blub

<MATCH END>iface eth0 inet dhcp
         hostname debian"


My regex should match the marked text.
But it matchs the whole text starting from iface.
If there is only one iface entry, the whole text starting from iface
should be matched.

greetings

Fabian


From borris at grange.com  Mon Jul 24 08:06:35 2006
From: borris at grange.com (borris)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:06:35 GMT
Subject: MySQLdb and dictcursor
Message-ID: <Xns980AE0E7644BCborrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>

doesn anyone know a good reference, tute or examples of
MySQLdb's dictCursor 
I want to pass dictionaries into the sql exec statements.
I could only succeed with text as values


this is how I got the cursor object to call  cursor.execute("query")
connection = MySQLdb.connect( host = "localhost", user = 
self.config.userName, passwd = self.config.password, cursorclass = 
MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)   

thanks


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sun Jul  2 02:38:47 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 06:38:47 GMT
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <XRJpg.9659$Bh.7740@tornado.texas.rr.com>

<vatamane at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1151784117.119515.310100 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> This has been bothering me for a while. Just want to find out if it
> just me or perhaps others have thought of this too: Why shouldn't the
> keyset of a dictionary be represented as a set instead of a list?

I think this is an interesting suggestion.  Of course, the current situation
is as much a product of historical progression as anything: lists and dicts
pre-date sets, so the collection of keys had to be returned as a list.
Since lists also carry some concept of order to them, the documentation for
the list returned by dict.keys() went out of its way to say that the order
of the elements in the dict.keys() list had no bearing on the dict, the
insertion order of entries, or anything else, that the order of keys was
purely arbitrary.

In fact, there is not a little irony to this proposal, since it seems it was
just a few months ago that c.l.py had just about weekly requests for how to
create an "ordered dict," with various ideas of how a dict should be
ordered, but most intended to preserve the order of insertion of items into
the dict.  And now here we have just about the opposite proposal - dicts
should not only *not* be ordered, they should revel in their disorderliness.

I liked the example in which the OP (of this thread) wanted to compare the
keys from two different dicts, for equality of keys.  Since the keys()
method returns a set of indeterminate order, we can't simply perform
dictA.keys() == dictB.keys().  But how often does this really happen?  In
practice, I think the keys of a dict, when this collection is used at all,
are usually sorted and then iterated over, usually to prettyprint the keys
and values in the dict.  Internally, this set of items shouldn't even exist
as a separate data structure - the dict's keys are merely labels on nodes in
some sort of hash tree.

Now that we really do have sets in Python, if one were to design dicts all
over again, it does seem like set would be a better choice than list for the
type returned by the keys() method.  To preserve compatibility, would a
second method, keyset(), do the trick?  The OP used this term himself,
referring to "the keyset of the dictionary".  Still given the few cases
where I would access this as a true set, using "set(dictA.keys())" doesn't
seem to be that big a hardship, and its obviousness will probably undercut
any push for a separate keyset() method.

-- Paul




From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Mon Jul 24 12:22:54 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 09:22:54 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153758174.829477.26330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Ray wrote:
> I just moved to another company that's mainly a Java/.NET shop. I was
> happy to find out that there's a movement from the grassroot to try to
> convince the boss to use a dynamic language for our development!
>
> Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
> Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
> Django, they went like, "what's that?".
>
> I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".
>
> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
>
> I think they are already predisposed to RoR simply because of RoR's
> visibility (i.e.: at my workplace everybody knows RoR but nobody knows
> about Django unless they've used Python as well). So far the arguments
> I can think of:
>
> 1. The investment of learning Python will be a good investment because
> it transfer to platforms that we've already supported, i.e.: JVM and
> .NET CLR (using Jython and IronPython). Ruby's availability on this
> platform is not as mature--JRuby is still at 0.9 and I don't think
> IronRuby is coming out anytime soon :)
>
> 2. Python is a much more mature language than Ruby--it's been around
> since ages ago and as such has a lot more tools, articles, and other
> resources than Ruby. It is also the language being used by
> high-visibility company like Google, with the creator of the language
> himself working there.
>
> 3. Python emphasizes readability instead of cleverness/conciseness.
>
> 4. What else? I haven't tried RoR so I can't argue meaningfully on
> whether using Django will put us at an advantage.
>
> Can you help me with my argument? Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try
> as well.
> 
> Thank you,
> Ray

Ruby does not have doctest :-)

- Paddy.



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Mon Jul 17 07:25:56 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:25:56 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<x6y7uswmjr.fsf@eurus.mag.dynalabs.de>
Message-ID: <m2fyh0v5ff.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Michael Piotrowski <mxp at dynalabs.de> (MP) wrote:

>MP> On 2006-07-14 "Diez B. Roggisch" <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
>>> Sybren Stuvel schrieb:
>>>> Diez B. Roggisch enlightened us with:
>>>>> Of course not. AFAIK there is no way figuring out which encoding the
>>>>> target console supports. The best you can do is to offer an option
>>>>> that allwos selection of the output encoding.
>>>> 
>>>> You can use the LANG environment variable on many systems. On mine,
>>>> it's set to en_GB.UTF-8, which causes a lot of software to
>>>> automatically choose the right encoding.
>>> 
>>> That might be a good heuristic - but on my Mac no LANG is set. So I
>>> should paraphrase my statement to "There is no reliable and
>>> cross-platform way figuring out which encoding the console uses".

>MP> If LANG is not set, it's equivalent to setting it to "C".  However,
>MP> you shouldn't look directly at these variables (LANG and LC_*) but
>MP> rather use the functions from the locale module, e.g.:

>MP>   import locale
>MP>   locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') # use the current locale settings
>MP>   encoding = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET)

But if LANG isn't set (like on Mac OS X) this doesn't give you the proper
encoding.
On my system I have added LANG to .profile.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Thu Jul 27 14:04:05 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:04:05 -0500
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

 wrote in news:1154015441.807624.35160 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com in 
comp.lang.python:

> #include <iostream>
> using namespace std;
> 
> // A base class that provides counting
> template<class T> class Counted {
>   static int count;

> };
> 
> template<class T> int Counted<T>::count = 0;
> 
> // Curious class definitions
> class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
> class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};
> 
> It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
> If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,

You are mistaken about how it should work in the first place. 
It may well be that it doesn't do what you wan't it to.

To translate the python idom into C++ you need to replace
derivation with the CRTP (*) code the author supplied.

*) CRTP = Curiosly Recuring Template Pattern

> 
> not of the derived class.
> class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};

Don't use the above always use:

class CountedClass3 : public Counted< CountedClass3 > 
{
};

Note that the "classmethod emulation" stops here, if you need 
it to continue you will need to keep using the CRTP:

template < typename T = void >
class CountedClass : public Counted< CountedClass< T > > 
{
};

Create instances:

CountedClass<> cc; /* T = void */

Derive (keeping the "classmethod emulation") using the CRTP:

template < typename T = void > /* So we can "Derive" again */
class CountedClass2 : public CountedClass< CountedClass2< void > >
{
};

Note that the trick works by always making the instantition of
Counted< T > you are deriving from unique, CountedClass<> has
a base class Counted< CountedClass< void > > and CountedClass2<>
has (ultimatly) a base class Counted< CountedClass2< void > >.

Ofcouse the next problem is that CRTP-derivation above isn't real
derivation, this idom translation clearly has a breaking point.

If this is more than idle curiosity I strongly suggest you post 
a version of the python code you need to translate to C++.

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From istvan.albert at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 14:57:37 2006
From: istvan.albert at gmail.com (Istvan Albert)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:57:37 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Do6dnSDX2c7GeTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rydnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152298657.917751.114450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> >> I will have to install lighttpd or other web servers.

> If it is a Python web server, it would be nice to extend it by putting code
> right into the web server. The performance should be better than FastCGI
> because it removes the cost to send the requests/replies back and forth.

you'll need to make a distinction between a webserver written in python
(primary purpose to serve data) and a web framework that integrates
python and allows you to generate said data with python

as for the so called load test that you mention above, those "tests"
are pointless and provide no insight whatsoever to the realistic
behavior of the server ... unless of course all your users are expected
to connect from the same machine while asking for the same 2 byte file
at the maximum speed the system allows them to.



From frank at chagford.com  Wed Jul 19 07:19:41 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:19:41 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Simon Hibbs wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
>
> > It should be quite simple: you need to handle EVT_SET_FOCUS and/or
> > EVT_KILL_FOCUS events (documented in the wxPython docs) to know when to
> > recaclulate the values. Sounds like that should be enough of a hint to you.
>
> I've tried that, but it doesn't work. Here is the test code:
>
>     self.PlantCtrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "")
>
>     self.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl,
> self.PlantCtrl)
>
>     def OnUpdatePlantCtrl(self, event):
>         print "set Plant"
>
> When the control loses focus, I don't get the message in the console.
> I'm trapping other events successfuly elsewhere using similar code.
>
> Simon Hibbs
>

Try self.PlantCtrl.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl)

Frank Millman



From girodt at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 07:53:17 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:53:17 -0700
Subject: numpy : argmin in multidimensional arrays
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7851.1152183622.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152179540.948880.54900@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7851.1152183622.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152186796.832865.178210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

thanks. unravel_index do the trick.

Travis E. Oliphant wrote:
> TG wrote:
> > Hi there.
> >
> > I am working with multi-dimensional arrays and I need to get
> > coordinates of the min value in it.
> >
> > using myarray.argmin() returns the index in the flatten array, which is
> > a first step, but I wonder if it is possible to get the coordinates
> > directly as an array, rather than calculating them myself by using this
> > flat index and the shape of the array.
> >
> > well, in fact i'm not sure to understand how argmin(myarray) works,
> > when myarray is multidimensional.
>
>
> By default, the argmin method flattens the array and returns the flat
> index.  You can get the corresponding element using
>
> myarray.flat[index]
>
> Alternatively, you can use the function unravel_index
>
> unravel_index(flat_index, myarray.shape)
>
> to return an N-dimensional index.
>
>
> If you give an axis argument, then the minimum is found along the
> specified dimension and you get an N-1 dimensional array of indices that
> will all be between 1 and myarray.shape[axis]
> 
> 
> -Travis



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul  5 09:24:36 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 06:24:36 -0700
Subject: python list/array question...
Message-ID: <0a1701c6a036$5e60d400$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i'm trying to deal with multi-dimension lists/arrays

i'd like to define a multi-dimension string list, and then manipulate the
list as i need... primarily to add lists/information to the 'list/array' and
to compare the existing list information to new lists

i'm not sure if i need to import modules, or if the base python install i
have is sufficient. an example, or pointer to examples would be good...

i'd like

 define a[][]

 #basically, i'd like a 3x3 array, where each element
 #has one of the a,b,c items..
 # |a1, b1, c1|
 # |a2, b2, c2|
 # |a3, b3, c3|

 a[1][1] = ['a1','b1','c1']
 a[1][2] = ['a2','b2','c2']
 a[1][3] = ['a3','b3','c3']

 b = ['f','g','h']
 v = ['f1','g1','h1']

 if a[1][2] == b
   print 'good!'

 a[1][4] = b

 x = 4
 g = ['p1','l1','g1']

 for i in range[g]
  a[x][i] = g[i]


these are the kinds of list/array functions i'd like to be able to
accomplish

pointers/code samples/pointers to code would be helpful...

and yeah. i've been looking via google...

thanks

-bruce





From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 26 22:04:19 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:04:19 -0400
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
In-Reply-To: <1153945987.861516.216160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153945987.861516.216160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c81fd9$0$1447$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>

biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca wrote:

> I do understand (and verified) that if I define f2 within f1, it works
> as expected. But in the "learning pyton 2nd edition" at page 205 it is
> said that "Programs are much simpler if you do not nest defs within
> defs" (juste before the code mentioned in my initial message).

Actually, the code in the book is:

def f1():
     x = 88
     f2(x)

def f2(x):
     print x

f1()

which makes all the difference in the world. Not to mention that this 
particular section of the book is giving an example of how to write the 
code *without* using nested functions.


From guthrie at mum.edu  Sun Jul  9 13:19:13 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (Gregory Guthrie)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 12:19:13 -0500
Subject: language design question
Message-ID: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

I am comparing Python to a few other scripting languages, and used a simple 
anagrams program as a sample.

I was surprised ast a few python features that did not work as I would 
expect/wish; which caused less compact/expressive program styles that I 
wanted - reverting to a FORTRAN like series of assignments.

For example,
   - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says len(w).

  - Why doesn't sort() return a value?

    This would allow things like:
        key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
    instead:
        key = ...
        key.sort()
        key = ...

   - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for 
dictionaries, and more += like operations;
   For example: to acculumate words in a dictionary -
        dict[key] += [word]

     Instead of:
        mark[key] = mark.get(key,[]) + [word]

The former seems very intuitive, and clearer.
I am a bit used to the compactness and convenient defaults of Perl, which 
would do this:
   my $key = join '', sort(split(//, lc($word)));
    push @{$anagrams{$key}}, $word

I am curious why these "obvious" conveniences are not present.  :-)
Thansk for any context or insight.

Best,
Gregory

Perl is great, and 



----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 04:59:36 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 01:59:36 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
> wrote:
>
> > Maric Michaud wrote:
> >> But that's not python philosophy.
> > Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.
>
> But the python community has one.  Pythonistas prefer readable source code
> so they tend to think about good names.  As The Zen of Python says
> "Readability counts."
I'm glad I'm in tune with the "python community."
>
> >> But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
> >> method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> > Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
> > does that solve my naming issues.
>
> Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
> the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
> references "nearby" in the same module or class.
Right, but tmp isn't private.
> >> And in python the reverse can be true :
> > The reverse is hardly ever true. 90% of public APIs in almost all
> > languages are methods or functions.
>
> Except the ones with properties where ordinary "attributes" may be just
> calls in disguise.

Crap! Even in Python too most Public APIs are methods and functions.

> Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
> won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
> the access might become a bit more complex in the future.
>

Ha! I bet you haven't read too many Python codes.

> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch



From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Sun Jul 23 11:48:32 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 10:48:32 -0500
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
References: <mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Xns9809AB2DD5EA2rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

Jean_Francois Moulin wrote in
news:mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list at python.org in
comp.lang.python: 

> Hi all,
> 
> I tried this piece of code (FWIW, it was taken as is from a help
> section of mpfit, a mathematical routine for least square fitting): 
> 
> parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0],
> 'limits':[0.,0.]}]*6 parinfo[0]['fixed'] = 1
> parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 1
> parinfo[4]['limits'][0]  = 50.
> 
> The first line builds a list of six dictionaries with initialised
> keys. I expected that the last three lines would only affect the
> corresponding keys of the corresponding dictionnary and that I would
> end up with a fully initialised list where only the 'fixed' key of the
> first dict would be 1, and the first values of limited and limits for
> dict number 4 would be 1 and 50. respectively.... 
> 
> This is not so!
> I end up with all dictionaries being identical and having their
> 'fixed' key set to 1, and limited[0]==1 and limits[0]==50. 
> 
> I do not understand this behaviour...

This should help:

<url:http://www.python.org/doc/faq/programming/#how-do-i-create-a-
multidimensional-list>

As a TinyUrl: http://tinyurl.com/s8akj

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From rootfruit at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 23:52:51 2006
From: rootfruit at gmail.com (Eric Bishop)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 20:52:51 -0700
Subject: print function question
Message-ID: <bda6f7e30607242052k73458ba0wd68e96b7c68e3ba@mail.gmail.com>

Why does this work:

# start
a = 5

print a, 'is the number'

#end, prints out "5 is the number"

But not this:

# start

a = 5

print a 'is the number'

#end, errors out

The difference here is the comma seperating the variable and the string
literal. Is the comma some sort of concatenation operator or is the comma
necessary in some form of a requirement in the print function, i.e is the
variable a an argument to print as well as 'is th number' another argument
to print?

-- 
Thanks,

Eric
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From olsongt at verizon.net  Mon Jul 10 14:04:49 2006
From: olsongt at verizon.net (olsongt at verizon.net)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 11:04:49 -0700
Subject: Running multiple versions of Python on the same host..
In-Reply-To: <1152431028.896016.236310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152431028.896016.236310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152554689.079829.195030@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Cowmix wrote:
> For my day job I am forced to run RHEL3 (and Centos3 on my desktop). I
> want to be able to use a few applications that require Python 2.4.X but
> RHEL3 ships with Python 2.2.3. I have tried to install and upgrade
> Python 2.4.X many ways like using PyVault and doing a source based
> install but each way has been fraught with problems from weird
> dependency issues to screwing up 'yum'.
>
> What is the best way to run multiple version of Python on the same
> system?
>
> thanks!

If installing from source, 'make altinstall' will do everything but
link python to (for example python2.4.  You can then run 'python2.4'
'python2.3',etc to use a particular version.



From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Thu Jul  6 07:08:24 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 11:08:24 GMT
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Ia6rg.521880$ww7.12757024@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

manstey schreef:
> Hi,
> 
> I often have code like this:
> 
> data='asdfbasdf'
> find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
> for i in find:
>    if i[0] in data:
>        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
> 
> is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> increase the speed?

I think this is best done with translate() and string.maketrans() (see 
http://docs.python.org/lib/node110.html#l2h-835 and 
http://docs.python.org/lib/string-methods.html#l2h-208). An example:

import string

data = 'asdfbasdf'
translatetable = string.maketrans('asx', 'fgy')
data = data.translate(translatetable)
print data

This results in:

fgdfbfgdf

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From mxp at dynalabs.de  Mon Jul 17 06:30:48 2006
From: mxp at dynalabs.de (Michael Piotrowski)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:30:48 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <x6y7uswmjr.fsf@eurus.mag.dynalabs.de>

On 2006-07-14 "Diez B. Roggisch" <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:

> Sybren Stuvel schrieb:
>> Diez B. Roggisch enlightened us with:
>>> Of course not. AFAIK there is no way figuring out which encoding the
>>> target console supports. The best you can do is to offer an option
>>> that allwos selection of the output encoding.
>> 
>> You can use the LANG environment variable on many systems. On mine,
>> it's set to en_GB.UTF-8, which causes a lot of software to
>> automatically choose the right encoding.
>
> That might be a good heuristic - but on my Mac no LANG is set. So I
> should paraphrase my statement to "There is no reliable and
> cross-platform way figuring out which encoding the console uses".

If LANG is not set, it's equivalent to setting it to "C".  However,
you shouldn't look directly at these variables (LANG and LC_*) but
rather use the functions from the locale module, e.g.:

  import locale
  locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') # use the current locale settings
  encoding = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET)

-- 
Michael Piotrowski, M.A.                               <mxp at dynalabs.de>
Public key at <http://www.dynalabs.de/mxp/pubkey.txt>


From kusanagi1977 at aim.com  Mon Jul 17 06:36:51 2006
From: kusanagi1977 at aim.com (Kusanagi)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 05:36:51 -0500
Subject: Help with a command line interface program, where do I start?
Message-ID: <001101c6a98d$821fc1c0$0201a8c0@sirsystem>

Help with a command line interface program, where do I start?

Hi Everybody, 

    I am a little new with python, so please forgive any of my mistakes. I need a little help with setting up a command line program that is to be run from a cmd prompt, I don't even know where to start. I have been looking around the web and on wikipedia and still no luck. What I general want is a program that sets at the command line and downloads data from the Net and displays it on the screen in a very rudimentary way. I do not net a full blown GUI, something simple and small supports all of the modes that a standard prompt will allow, such as flashing characters and so forth. I believe that I could really make a program that suits my needs if I could just find the correct library to use. I ask for any and all help and or starting points to help me in this endeavor. 

Thanks in Advance - Steven. 
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From gregpinero at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 14:05:18 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 14:05:18 -0400
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
In-Reply-To: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
References: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607071105r5303d8batd5c576ed4410af46@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/7/06, Luis P. Mendes <luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoxxx.pt> wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
> it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
> can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.

I don't really know what I'm talking about, but maybe have a Python
script that uses pyExelerator and saves the file to Sdout, name that
script with an .xls extension and the browser will present it to the
user as an Excel file?

Maybe, maybe??

-Greg pinero


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 21 11:00:22 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 08:00:22 -0700
Subject: Note on PEP 299
In-Reply-To: <1153408904.879310.139640@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153408904.879310.139640@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153494022.385234.44430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

http://home.comcast.net/~faulkner612/programming/python/mainer.py
turns
if __name__ == '__main__': sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
into
import mainer

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> I don't like much the syntax of:
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>
> Some time ago I have read this PEP:
> http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0299/
>
> And why it was refused:
> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-March/062955.html
>
> I think the name of the standard main function may be just main(), so
> there isn't the problem with the import (and *maybe* the problem with
> multiple Python versions can be ignored with Python 3.0).
>
> If a module contains the main(), the main() is executed when the module
> is run alone. Otherwise you can import the module, with the main()
> function managed as a normal function.
> 
> Bye,
> bearophile



From pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr  Mon Jul 31 08:03:01 2006
From: pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr (jean-michel bain-cornu)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:03:01 +0200
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cdf1f7$0$7762$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>

Andy Dingley a ?crit :
> I'd never recommend dual-boot for anything!
Don't agree man, it's good for testing...


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 11:20:25 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 15:20:25 GMT
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980DA637C9E5Dduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:

> Duncan,
> 
> I couldn't make out much from the code.
> Instead this is what I did.
> 
> threads = []
>         nloops = range(len(lRawData))
>         for i in nloops:
>             (sUrl, sFile, download_size, checksum) =
> stripper(lRawData[i])
>             t = threading.Thread(target=download_from_web, args=(sUrl,
> sFile, sSourceDir, None))
>             # = pypt_thread(download_from_web, i,
> stripper(lRawData[i]))
>             threads.append(t)
> 
>         i = 0
>         join_i = 0
>         while i < nloops:
>             counter = 0
>             while counter < 3:
>                 threads[i].start()
>                 counter += 1
>                 i += 1
>             counter = 0
>             join_i = i - 3
>             while counter < 3:
>                 threads[join_i].join()
>                 counter += 1
>                 join_i += 1
> 
> Is this correct ? Comments!!
> 
This is bad because you start one thread for each URL then let them run in 
batches of 3. So you get all the overhead of creating lots of threads and 
very little of the benefit. Much better just to create 3 threads and let 
each one handle as many of the requests as it can.


From jojoba12 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 25 16:53:16 2006
From: jojoba12 at hotmail.com (jojoba)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 13:53:16 -0700
Subject: can wxpython checkbox use the "fill in" marker instead of the "check"?
Message-ID: <1153860796.917505.27640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

hello all,

does anyone know if, for a 2-state checkbox, you can use the "fill in"
marker from the 3-state checkbox, instead of a checkmark

i just like the look of the "fill-in" instead of the checkmark

Thanks,
jojoba



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul  7 19:03:12 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 01:03:12 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneasilo.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2bqs1ow5r.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> On 2006-07-07, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>>> 
>AP> Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
>AP> was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>AP> more complicated. 
>>> 
>>> What do you mean with `the lefthand variable'? Especially when talking
>>> about `complicated lefthand sides'?

>AP> The name on the left side of an assignment that refers to a variable,
>AP> as opposed to names that are attributes.

So let me get it clear:
In a.b = c, a is the lefthand variable, but b is not?

If that is what you mean then I interpret your statement 
>AP> `with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>AP> more complicated'

as meaning that the search for `a' in `a.b = c' would be different than the
search for `a' in `a = b'. Well, it is not. But I can understand the
confusion. Namely, `a = b' introduces a binding for `a' in the local scope,
unless `a' was declared global. So the search will find `a' in the local
scope and it stops there. On the other hand `a.b = c' will not introduce a
binding for `a'. So the search for `a' may stop in the local space (if
there was another binding for `a' in the local scope) or it may need to
continue to outer scopes. The difference, however is not the
complicatedness of the lefthand side but whether the local scope contains a
binding for the variable.
 
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 05:10:29 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:10:29 +0200
Subject: [OT] Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1153990721.593878.55700@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c86f23$0$25148$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153990721.593878.55700@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c88307$0$11078$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Ray wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Ray wrote:
>><ot>Ray, please, don't top-post</ot>
> 
> 
> Um, top-post? I'm using Google News and it looks like it is placed
> correctly in the thread... or you're referring to a different thing?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-posting

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 13:17:08 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:17:08 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013046.425705.128980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DA6D46595Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1154020628.449917.229370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Duncan Booth wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
>
> > If you need help understanding it please ask questions.  I, for one,
> > would be happy to comment it for you to explain how it works.  It's so
> > nice and elegant that I've already cut-and-pasted it into my own
> > "notebook" of cool useful python "patterns" to use in the future.
> >
> > Reread it slowly, think about what it's doing, if questions arise write
> > them down and ask them.  Duncan's code is beautiful.  It's well worth
> > your time to understand it.
>
> If you convert what I wrote into an example which actually runs then do
> repost it. It might also be easier to understand since I'm sure I'll have
> made some mistakes or omitted some critical bits (such as the import
> lines).

A pleasure.

There was one missing close-parenthesis in the Thread() call, but other
than that (and the implied imports and variables) everything was good.

I added some dummy code to simulate long-running requests, and I made
the run() function return its Thread's name, but other than that it's
basically the code you posted.  It's neat to increase NUMTHREADS and
watch the script run faster. :)

When the time comes to use this in something I'll probably wrap it up
in a class, and add some error handling to the run() function (or
method).  But in the meantime it's quite elegant and useful as is.
Definitely not not Scottish ;-)

Thanks Duncan.

Peace,
~Simon

from Queue import Queue
from threading import Thread, currentThread

# Imports for the dummy testing func.
from time import sleep
from random import random

NUMTHREADS = 3


def dummy_func(secs):
    '''
    Sleep for secs seconds then return secs.
    (Dummy function to simulate requests.)
    '''
    sleep(secs)
    return secs

# Some fake requests to pass to dummy_func().
dummy_requests = [
    5 * random() for notused in xrange(100)
    ]

# Dummy handle_response() for demo purposes.
def handle_response(resp): print resp


def run(request, response, func=dummy_func):
    '''
    Get items from the request Queue, process them
    with func(), put the results along with the
    Thread's name into the response Queue.

    Stop running once an item is None.
    '''
    name = currentThread().getName()
    while 1:
        item = request.get()
        if item is None:
            break
        response.put((name, func(item)))


# Create two Queues for the requests and responses
requestQueue = Queue()
responseQueue = Queue()


# Pool of NUMTHREADS Threads that run run().
thread_pool = [
    Thread(
        target=run,
        args=(requestQueue, responseQueue),
        name="Thread %i" % i
        )
    for i in range(NUMTHREADS)
    ]


# Start the threads.
for t in thread_pool: t.start()


# Queue up the requests.
for item in dummy_requests: requestQueue.put(item)


# Shut down the threads after all requests end.
# (Put one None "sentinel" for each thread.)
for t in thread_pool: requestQueue.put(None)


# Get and handle each response.
for notused in xrange(len(dummy_requests)):
    response = responseQueue.get()
    handle_response(response)


# Don't end the program prematurely.
#
# (Note that because Queue.get() is blocking by
# default this isn't strictly necessary.  But if
# you were, say, handling responses in another
# thread, you'd want something like this in your
# main thread.)
for t in thread_pool: t.join()



###
Example output from a run of the above script:

('Thread 0', 0.10915462751068916)
('Thread 0', 0.29428189134629135)
('Thread 1', 1.6234285192453246)
('Thread 0', 3.195799156145096)
('Thread 1', 2.7641123440885367)
('Thread 2', 4.7810243032096862)
('Thread 2', 1.1752965020601662)
('Thread 1', 2.0727863018148924)
('Thread 0', 4.8127195859913252)
('Thread 1', 2.4780495377626242)
.
.
.
etc...



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 14:43:49 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 11:43:49 -0700
Subject: free python hosting!
In-Reply-To: <2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1152557028.873211.64270@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I provide the link below with the conditions that you don't put spaces
between your sentences and the periods which terminate them.

http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonHosting



From Clay_Culver at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 12 17:06:46 2006
From: Clay_Culver at yahoo.com (Clay Culver)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 14:06:46 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152738307.131439.143660@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152738307.131439.143660@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152738406.588008.137170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ahh much better.  Thanks.



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Tue Jul 11 15:04:36 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:04:36 -0700
Subject: help!
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8038.1152641220.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8038.1152641220.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152644676.258580.292660@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

os.popen*
os.system
subprocess.Popen


Emily Ecoff wrote:
> Hi all.
>
> I am somewhat new to the python programming language but I'm working on
> a python script that will call several csh scripts.  What commands will
> I need to do this, if possible?
> 
> -Emily



From brianmce at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:26:02 2006
From: brianmce at gmail.com (brianmce at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:26:02 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153309570.280757.207080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153309570.280757.207080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153311962.094137.79030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Kay Schluehr wrote:

> This definition lacks a check for disjointness of the parts. No two
> partial classes shall contain a method with the same name.

Yes - I mentioned at the bottom that the last one evaluated will
overwrite any existing one.  You're right that its probably a better
idea to check for it and throw an exception.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 14:30:32 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:30:32 +0200
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e93f46$mmd$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Henry wrote:

> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
> 
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

your code checks all members, even if the first one's false.  that's not 
very elegant.  here's a better way to do it:

     def all(S):
         for x in S:
             if not x:
                return False
         return True

     print all(logfiles)

if you upgrade to 2.5, you can get rid of the function definition; "all" 
  is a built-in in 2.5.

also see:

     http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=98196

</F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 16:46:56 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:46:56 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153514816.570301.186830@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

T wrote:
> fuzzylollipop wrote:
> >
> > you can make the usage line anything you want.
> >
> > ...
> > usage = 'This is a line before the usage line\nusage %prog [options]
> > input_file'
> > parser = OptionsParser(usage=usage)
> > parser.print_help()
> > ...
> >
>
> No, that affects the string printed only *after* the "usage = " string.
>  What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
> string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
> So I would like to make it look like this:
>
> % myprog.py -h
> ************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING ************
> usage: myprog.py [options] input_file
>
>
> options:
>   -h, --help             show this help message and exit
>   -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
>   -o FILE               Output file

It's possible, but it ain't easy:

from optparse import OptionParser, _, IndentedHelpFormatter

class MyFormatter(IndentedHelpFormatter):
    pre_usage = "Hi there!\n"
    def format_usage(self, usage):
        return _("%susage: %s\n") % (self.pre_usage, usage)

parser = OptionParser(formatter=MyFormatter())


The above filthy hack will print "Hi there!" before the usual usage
message.



From max at alcyone.com  Fri Jul 14 19:29:01 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:29:01 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
In-Reply-To: <o89gb2piucfom7p5dibi3svf3km1395lvf@4ax.com>
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152836912.715940.187100@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<o89gb2piucfom7p5dibi3svf3km1395lvf@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <T_udnXwQANIgtSXZnZ2dnUVZ_vudnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Tom Plunket wrote:

> Excellent.  Thanks.  Has this been around long?  I "learned" Python in
> the 1.6 days iirc, but haven't done much except simple scripting with
> it since...

Yep.  Been around since at least 1.5.x.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.
    -- Sigmund Freud


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 21:54:47 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 18:54:47 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > Chris Smith wrote:
> > > Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> > > > Chris Smith wrote:
> > > > > Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.
> > > > > Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic
> > > > > sense; no OO going on here).
> > > >
> > > > Depends what you mean by "object".
> > > >
> > > > int x = 6; int y = 5; x = y;
> > > >
> > > > I'd say x was mutable, with no "identity" problems involved?
> > >
> > > The variable x definitely has identity that's independent of its value.
> >
> > I'm not sure what you mean by that.
>
> I mean, simply, that when you can assign a value to a variable, then you
> care that it is that variable and not a different one.  That's identity
> in the normal sense of the word.

I guess it is, now that you mention it.


> The code elsewhere in the procedure is
> able to access the value of 'x', and that has meaning even though you
> don't know what value 'x' has.  This has definite implications, and is a
> useful concept; for example, it means that the pure lambda calculus no
> longer sufficient to express the semantics of the programming language,
> but instead something else is required.
>
> What you are asking for is some subset of identity, and I've not yet
> succeeded in understanding exactly what it is or what its limits are...
> except that so far, it seems to have everything to do with pointers or
> aliasing.

Perhaps it is specifically first-class identity, rather than identity
per se.


> > >  I also see, though, that the majority (so far, I'd
> > > say all) of the potential uses for which it's worth introducing mutation
> > > into an otherwise mutation-free language allow the possibility of
> > > aliasing, which sorta makes me wonder whether this problem is worth
> > > solving.
> >
> > What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
> > Yet: useful.
>
> I'm not yet convinced that this is any different from a language with
> standard pointer aliasing.  If I have two tables A and B, and a foreign
> key from A into B, then I run into the same problems with enforcing
> constraints that I would see with a pointer model... when I update a
> relation, I need to potentially check every other relation that contains
> a foreign key into it, in order to ensure that its constraints are not
> violated by that constraint.  That's the same thing that is being
> pointed out as a negative consequence of aliasing in other languages.

No, that's not the same thing. What you are describing here is
not an aliasing issue, but simply the consequences of allowing
constraints to mention more than one variable.

In our i-and-j example above, suppose there was a constraint
such that i < j. We have to re-check this constraint if we
update either i or j. That's not the same thing as saying
that i and j are aliased.

A foreign key constraint is a multi-variable constraint.
Specifically, a foreign key from table A, attribute a
to table B, attribute b is the constraint:

forall a in A, exists b in B such that a = b.

Note that two variables, A and B, are referenced in
the constraint. In general, any constraint on two
variables will have to be rechecked upon update
to either.


> For example, executing:
>
>     UPDATE P SET x = 5 WHERE y = 43;
>
> may result in the database having to re-evaluate the constraint that
> says that for all P(x, y, z), x must be less than 4 when z = 17.

I don't see any aliasing in this example either.

But consider how much worse this problem is if real aliasing
is possible. We have some pointer variable, and initialize
it with the return value from some function. We don't know
anything about what variable is involved. We update through
the pointer. What constraints must we recheck? Apparently
all of them; unless we have perfect alias analysis, we can't
tell what variables are affected by our update.


> One
> difference is that while in general purpose programming languages this
> appears to be a daunting task, databases are set up to do these kinds of
> things all the time and contain optimizations for it... but the problem
> is still the same, and it would still present the same difficulties in
> doing formal proofs that running the above UPDATE statement doesn't
> violate any invariants.
>
> (If I'm wrong about that, please let me know; I'd very interested if
> that's so.)

I'm interested to hear your reply.


Marshall



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul 25 11:57:30 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 08:57:30 -0700
Subject: dicts vs classes
In-Reply-To: <1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153843050.825936.254920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Simon Hibbs:
> It seems to me that unless you
> need some of the functionality supplied with dictionaries (len(a),
> has_key, etc) then simple objects are a syntacticaly cleaner and more
> natural way to express yourself.

I'd say the opposite. Classes contain a dict of their attributes, etc.
So if you don't need the functionality supplied by objects, then using
simpler dictionaries is better. (But in the end the choice has to be
made according to the specific situations).

Bye,
bearophile



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 06:20:04 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:20:04 +0200
Subject: text representation of HTML
References: <mailman.8329.1153303761.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4i6f8jF2ce5pU1@uni-berlin.de>

Ksenia Marasanova wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I am looking for a library that will give me very simple text
> representation of HTML.
> For example
> <div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>
> 
> will be transformed to:
> 
> Title
> 
> This is a
> test
> 
> 
> i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
> to do it automatically from HTML source.
> Any hints?

html2text is a commandline tool. You can invoke it from python using
subprocess.

Diez


From presence at MUNGEpanix.com  Sun Jul  2 17:27:04 2006
From: presence at MUNGEpanix.com (Cydrome Leader)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 21:27:04 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Computer Industry Workers May Face Cancer Risks
References: <1151746689.046852.179890@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e89dn8$4ag$5@reader2.panix.com>

In comp.unix.solaris studyandjobs at yahoo.com wrote:
> Computer Industry Workers May Face Cancer Risks
> 
> http://www.studyandjobs.com/Comp_worker_cancer.html
> 
> or visit
> http://www.studyandjobs.com/Cancer.html
> 
> Regards

worthless add banner site


From mirnazim at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 06:11:07 2006
From: mirnazim at gmail.com (Mir Nazim)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:11:07 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> Mir Nazim wrote:
> > Example Problem:
> >
> > Generate all possible permutations for
> > [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]
> >
> > [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2] (notice an extra 2 )
> >
> > eliminate some combinations based on some conditions and combine the
> > rest of combinations. And now generate all possible combinations for
> > resulting data set.
> > Hope you get the idea.
>
> Unfortunately, I don't. Why do you have two lists for which to generate
> permutations? Why is it important that the second list has an extra 2
> (actually, not extra, but it replaces a 1)?
> What are "some conditions" by which to eliminate permutations?
> How to "combine" the remaining permutations?
> What is the "resulting data set", and what is a "possible combination"
> of it?

condition are there cannot be more than 3 consecutive 2's or 1's

> If the task is to produce all distinct permutations of 6 occurrences
> of 1 and 6 occurrences of 2, I suggest the program below. It needs
> produces much fewer than 12! results (namely, 924).
>

Yes that number I had already worked out and it is 792 for second list.
Now I have generated all distinct permutations and after eliminating
the permutations based on above condition I am left with 1060
permutations.

Now I ahave a lits with 1060 lists in it. Now comes the hard part.
How many possible distinct ways are there to arrange 1060 elements
taken 96 at a time

1060! / (1060 - 96)!


Hope you got the idea, why i need some faster ways to do it.
Now out of these i need to test only those lists whose sum of
elements(18 or 19) follows a particular pattern.

Can Anybody can alternate ways to do it on a Celeron 1.4 Ghz, 256 MB
RAM laptop.

Thnaks

> Regards,
> Martin
>
> numbers = [1,2]
> remaining = [None, 6, 6]
> result = [None]*12
>
> def permutations(index=0):
>     if index == 12:
>         yield result
>     else:
>         for n in numbers:
>             if not remaining[n]:
>                 continue
>             result[index] = n
>             remaining[n] -= 1
>             for k in permutations(index+1):
>                 yield k
>             remaining[n] += 1
> 
> for p in permutations():
>     print p



From mhodkin at comcast.net  Sat Jul  8 09:05:17 2006
From: mhodkin at comcast.net (mhodkin at comcast.net)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 06:05:17 -0700
Subject: Print Tkinter canvas oject contents from Windows?
Message-ID: <1152363917.088033.306130@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

What is the best way to print a graphic image contained within the
canvas oject in Tkinter ruinng under Windows (XP)?  The only thing I
found so far was the canvas postscript method...it there a more direct
way?

thanks



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 31 16:42:34 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 22:42:34 +0200
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44ce694c$0$11740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Michael Yanowitz a ?crit :
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i

Syntax error

>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],

Nice infinite loop...

Python's canonical way to iterate over a sequence is the for loop:
for bit in bits:
   print bit,

And FWIW, for what you want to do, you don't even need a loop:
print "\n".join(map(str, bits))

>    print '\n'


>  
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

While there are some more or less hackish solutions (cf Roel answers and 
my answers to it), the usual way to have functions maintaining state is 
to define a class and instanciate it. Note that Python's functions are 
objects, and that it's possible to write your own callable objects too 
if you really want a function call syntax:

class Setbit(object):
   def __init__(self):
     self._bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
   def call(self, index, value):
     self._bits[index] = value
   def values(self):
     return self._bits[:]

set_bit = Setbit()
set_bit(1, 1)
print "".join(map(str, set_bit.values()))



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Mon Jul 10 10:43:51 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:43:51 +0200
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu> <44b217d0$0$5377$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <m2r70tmsew.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> (BD) wrote:

>BD> Actually, and AFAIK, len(obj) = lambda obj : obj.__len__().

You mean: len = lambda obj : obj.__len__().
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Fri Jul 21 01:26:52 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 17:26:52 +1200
Subject: Checking File permissions
References: <1153401557.444000.92210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9pohi$h6c$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153401557.444000.92210 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, Anoop
wrote:

> Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
> permission to the file using python script

Without knowing what your precise needs are, the best way is to open the
file and try to read from it. If that succeeds, then you've got read
access.

Checking permissions as a separate step from opening the file exposes your
code to a race condition where the permissions may be OK during the initial
check, but then change to deny access before the subsequent open.


From john.hicken at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 17:40:28 2006
From: john.hicken at gmail.com (John Hicken)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 14:40:28 -0700
Subject: Size of hard drive and Mp3 tags functions
In-Reply-To: <tlo2b2h4f2qvn841da3notu8gjroo1sm78@4ax.com>
References: <1152468865.923738.234060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<tlo2b2h4f2qvn841da3notu8gjroo1sm78@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152481228.581090.279130@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 9 Jul 2006 11:14:25 -0700, "John Hicken" <john.hicken at gmail.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>
> > Anyway, there are two sorts of functions that could be useful.
> > 1) A function that gives the size of a hard drive (or other drive, in
> > this case the mp3 player itself), and/or the space remaining.
>
> 	Presuming the device shows up as a disk device in Windows... From
> the win32api (ActiveState) help file:
>
> win32file.GetDiskFreeSpaceEx
> long, long, long = GetDiskFreeSpaceEx(rootPathName)
>
> Determines the free space on a device.
>
>
> Parameters
>
> rootPathName : PyUnicode
>
> address of root path
>
> Return Value
> The result is a tuple of long integers:
>
> Items
>
> [0] long integer : freeBytes
>
> The total number of free bytes on the disk that are available to the
> user associated with the calling thread.
>
> [1] long integer : totalBytes
>
> The total number of bytes on the disk that are available to the user
> associated with the calling thread. Windows 2000: If per-user quotas are
> in use, this value may be less than the total number of bytes on the
> disk.
>
> [2] long integer : totalFreeBytes
>
> The total number of free bytes on the disk.
>
>
> > 2)A function/functions to read the ID tags of an MP3 file.
> >
> http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=python+mp3+ID+tag&btnG=Google+Search
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/

Thanks for the help.  As you gathered, the mp3 player just appears as a
hard drive, and the GetDiskFreeSpaceEx function does exactly what I
want.  Also, the first id tag program for python from the google seach,
id3reader, seems to match what I want, as I won't need to alter the ID3
tags.

Thanks
John Hicken



From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Wed Jul 26 15:14:38 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:14:38 -0400
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
In-Reply-To: <1153940149.926394.319040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <001701c6b0e7$bd6c8ea0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org]On Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 2:56 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Splitting a float into bytes:


Michael Yanowitz wrote:
> Hello:
>
>   For some reason I can't figure out how to split
> a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
> into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
> computer.
>   For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
> byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
> byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
> byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
> byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000
>   But if I try to do that with floats I get:
> >>> pi & 0xFF
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'
>
>   Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?
>
> Thanks in advance:
> Michael Yanowitz

The struct module.  (It also works for ints. ;-)  )

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-struct.html


HTH,
~Simon

   Thanks, but maybe I am missing something.
If I use pack, doesn't it have to be unpacked at the other end
to make sense? The data will be picked up on some other computer
by some other application probably written in C or C++. Would
it have to be rewritten to unpack the data?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz 




From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 14:35:00 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 20:35:00 +0200
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <e90r0n$lj0$1@news.albasani.net>

Cameron Laird wrote:
> In article <1152629752.824822.147230 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
> iapain <iapain at gmail.com> wrote:
> 			.
> 			.
> 			.
>>Does that mean there is no way to implement restricted enviorment?
> 			.
> 			.
> 			.
> The most knowledgeable people have effectively given up, in
> regard to Python.

Brett Cannon is currently trying to come up with a comprehensive spec
and implementation of a sandboxed Python interpreter, for use in
Mozilla as a JavaScript replacement. (look in the python-dev archives
for more)

Georg


From claudio.zambaldi at web.de  Wed Jul 12 08:47:16 2006
From: claudio.zambaldi at web.de (cz)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:47:16 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


> Perhaps you need to rephrase your question.
> --
> Steven.

Thanks for your reply.
OK, I'll try to make this more clear:
My list called "elten" looks like that:

[Tensor: id = 1,  intensity = 2976.52
 xx = -1447.32, xy = 52.458, xz = -594.186
 yy = -1090.54, yz = -0.0158068, zz = -4043.
, Tensor: id = 26,  intensity = 2896.9
 ...
, Tensor: id = 5,  intensity = 2920.5
 xx = -1534.53, xy = 23.4858, xz = -623.967
 yy = -1070.47, yz = 99.6301, zz = -3979.87
]

Now with
>>print elten[1].id
I will get "1" as an answer.
Or with
>>print elten[1].intensity
it will print "2976.52".
But this doesn't work for >>print elten[1].xx, why? So that's how I
came to the question how to access these values. Any idea?
Thanks a lot!
cz



From thorley at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:15:23 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 14:15:23 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
In-Reply-To: <4gtf05F1om26uU2@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<4gteqoF1om26uU1@uni-berlin.de> <4gtf05F1om26uU2@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1151961322.974693.323290@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

> Python strings are binary data and can contain
>   - in oppostion to e.g. C-strings - null-bytes.
>
> So it is perfectly alright to send "only" strings over a socket.

Agreed. I wasn't trying to imply it was 'wrong' just that the receiving
application wouldn't interpret strings correctly.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 10:15:21 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:15:21 +0200
Subject: Project organisation
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
	<mailman.8337.1153315856.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4i6t1mF2eh9jU1@uni-berlin.de>

 
> You could introduce version numbers to your module hierarchy...
> 
> --\globals\v1-0\util.py
>           \v1-1\util.py
>           \v2-0\utill.py
> 
> ...then in your code do something like...
> 
> from globals.v1-0 import util
> 
> ...which would allow some sharing without needing to retest.

Or you use setuptools to create a utils-egg, that can easily be versioned
and you can require a dependend package to require a certain version.

Diez


From guido-clpy at a-nugget.de  Sat Jul 22 02:42:53 2006
From: guido-clpy at a-nugget.de (Guido Goldstein)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:42:53 +0200
Subject: Has anyone used davlib by Greg Stein?
References: <e9im9e$r1v$1@news.lysator.liu.se>
Message-ID: <m27j26xhqq.fsf@mail.a-nugget.de>


Hi!

On Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:06:55 +0200
  Joel Hedlund <joel.hedlund at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi!
>
> I want to PUT files to a authenticated https WebDAV server from within
> a python script. Therefore I put "python dav" into google, and the
> davlib module by Greg Stein (and Guido?) came up. It seems to be soild
> but has very little docs. Has anyone worked with this? Is it any good? 
> Where can I find some good docs for it?

I don't know any documentation for it.
But I know that there is another DAV lib around at
  http://www.infrae.com/download/pydavclient

It is also not fully documented but might fit your needs.

Cheers
  Guido G.


From luismgz at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 20:04:05 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 17:04:05 -0700
Subject: mod_python fails to load under wamp
In-Reply-To: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152576245.203901.88510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Gaurav Agarwal wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Am using WAMP5 and python 2.4.3. I tried to install mod_python 3.2.5
> for python2.4. When i tried starting wamp, Firstly there was no error
> message in the apache error log. I saw error message in windows event
> viewer :
>
> "The Apache service named Apache.exe reported the following error:
> >>> Syntax error on line 194 of c:/wamp/apache/conf/httpd.conf: <<<
>  before the error.log file could be opened.
>
> "The Apache service named Apache.exe reported the following error:
> >>> Cannot load c:/wamp/apache/modules/mod_python.so into server: (126) The specified module could not be found: <<<
>  before the error.log file could be opened."
>
> I tried searching the net and found this
> http://www.modpython.org/FAQ/faqw.py?req=all#2.10 but i don't have
> depends.exe. if somebody has faced this problem before, can you please
> assist in fixing this bug..

I'm not an expert in the subject, but I have experienced many troubles
in the past while installing and configuring apache and mod_python...
It is important to know that each version of apache may match or not a
given version of mod_python, so make sure to install the correct
versions of each component.
Right now, I'm running on windows the following versions:

Apache/2.0.55 (Win32)
mod_python/3.2.8
Python/2.4.2

I installed "xampp" which is a single application that installs all at
once (Apache, php, mysql, etc...) except mod_python, which should be
installed separately.

I suggest you search the download files on Xampp's sourceforge site and
look for an older version with Apache 2.0.55 . I'm not sure, but I
think xampp version 1.5.1 will be ok
(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=61776)

Then, get the mod_python installer (version 3.2.8)
http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/modpython/win/3.2.8/

After that, all you have to do is a few modifications in Apache
httpd.config file.
Uncomment (or add) the following line:

LoadModule python_module modules/mod_python.so

And finally, if you want, you can set the configurations of the
handler's you want to use with mod_python (they can be publisher, psp,
or any other custom one).
These configurations can be set on this file, or separately on each web
folder as .htaccess files.

Hope it helps...
Luis



From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 22:36:51 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 20:36:51 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20945225d45ea5989799@news.altopia.net>
	<1152842087.797288.132490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f20b12c658f511098979c@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > What you are asking for is some subset of identity, and I've not yet
> > succeeded in understanding exactly what it is or what its limits are...
> > except that so far, it seems to have everything to do with pointers or
> > aliasing.
> 
> Perhaps it is specifically first-class identity, rather than identity
> per se.

As in: "the value of one variable can (be/refer to/depend on) the 
identity of another variable"?  I can certainly see this as as 
reasonable concept to consider.

> > I'm not yet convinced that this is any different from a language with
> > standard pointer aliasing.  If I have two tables A and B, and a foreign
> > key from A into B, then I run into the same problems with enforcing
> > constraints that I would see with a pointer model... when I update a
> > relation, I need to potentially check every other relation that contains
> > a foreign key into it, in order to ensure that its constraints are not
> > violated by that constraint.  That's the same thing that is being
> > pointed out as a negative consequence of aliasing in other languages.
> 
> No, that's not the same thing. What you are describing here is
> not an aliasing issue, but simply the consequences of allowing
> constraints to mention more than one variable.

> A foreign key constraint is a multi-variable constraint.
> Specifically, a foreign key from table A, attribute a
> to table B, attribute b is the constraint:
> 
> forall a in A, exists b in B such that a = b.
> 
> Note that two variables, A and B, are referenced in
> the constraint.

There's confusion here coming from different usages of the word 
variable.  Let us talk instead of values, and of the abstract structures 
that gives them meaning.  In both cases (invariants in a hypothetical 
imperative language, and in a relational database), the constraints make 
reference to these structures of values (relations, for example, or 
various kinds of data structures), and not to the individual values or 
objects that they contain.  In both cases, the problem is not that we 
don't know what structures to check to verify the invariant; rather, 
it's that we have to check ALL of the values in that structure.

As someone pointed out, this is to be expected in a world of mutable 
things with identity that are globally locatable.  It is simple fact 
that if I tell you "I spoke to Barbara's husband", you may need to trace 
down who Barbara's husband is before you could discover that, for 
example, maybe I actually spoke to your boss, or to your nephew's best-
friend's father.  If databases are capable of modeling these kinds of 
relationships (and of course they are), then they are as susceptible to 
"aliasing" -- in a logical sense that avoids mention of pointer -- as 
anyone else.

> I don't see any aliasing in this example either.
> 

Actually, this was probably a bad example.  Let's stick to the others 
involving relationships between tuples.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 01:54:44 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 22:54:44 -0700
Subject: Need "Billy the Kid" modul for windows
In-Reply-To: <e8iht6$311$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
References: <e8iht6$311$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
Message-ID: <1152251684.151349.259080@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> There is a nice modul called "BtK" at
> http://home.student.utwente.nl/g.v.berg/btk/
> Has someone a link for btk-python on windows?

Hey spooky,

I haven't seen a Windows version of BtK anywhere.

Have you seen these alternative wrappers around libpcap? Could they
help you out?
* pylibpcap: http://pylibpcap.sourceforge.net/
* Pcapy: http://oss.coresecurity.com/projects/pcapy.html

There's also libdnet, which has Python bindings:
* libdnet: http://libdnet.sourceforge.net/

Hope this helps.

-alex23



From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 21:19:31 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 22:19:31 -0300
Subject: When writing text. . .
References: <17d4ae400607141405w2bbe8a84rf20c64f3a9ad94ce@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <n7fkpzevp6bt.92ywp4a3t53e.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-14 18:05:56, Ivan Shevanski wrote:

> Hey I'm pretty new to python and I have a question.  I'm trying to write:
> "[BOOT]
> run=C:\windows\aawin.bat"
> 
> in my win.ini
> So I went about it like this:
> 
> win = open('C:\windows\win.ini', 'a')
> win.write('[BOOT]')
> win.write('\n')
> win.write('run=C:\windows\aawin.bat')

Maybe write a '\n' before the [BOOT] -- unless you can guarantee that the
previous line ends with a CRLF.

BTW, it's probably a good thing to always escape the backslash (that is,
use '\\') when you want a backslash, not only for the '\\a' case. Or of
course use a raw string.

Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 09:20:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:20:57 +0200
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153832596.886842.218820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832596.886842.218820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c61aba$0$5512$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

ryanshewcraft at gmail.com wrote:
> You guys are right it is getting passed initially.  I checked in by
> printing the self.regressors in the class and it gives the list.  But I
> get the error:  TypeError: iteration over non-sequence for
> 
> def Regress(self):
<ot>
the usual Python coding style is to use either all_lowercase
(preferably) or mixedCase names for functions/methods names
</ot>

>         print self.regressors
>         for reg in self.regressors:
>             index = HedgeFund(self.dbh, reg)
>             indexTS[reg] =  FundReturnSeries(dbh,index, sd, ed)

Names 'sd' and 'ed' are undefined.

>             indexNames[reg] = index.Name()
>             header.append(index.Name())
>             header.append("t-statistic")
>         header.append("r-squared")
>         fh_csv.writerow(header)
> 
> and when I print self.regressors here it only gives me the first number
> in the list.  This bit of code is directly below the __init__ method.
> Any ideas what I'm doing wrong?  

Sorry, I lack the needed psychic powers to find a bug in a code I can't
see !-)

Some wild guesses:
 * you overwrite self.regressors somewhere else
 * there's at least one case where you instanciate MultipleRegression
with someting that is not iterable.


FWIW, always try to reduce code to the minimal runnable snippet
exhibiting the problem, so others have a chance to help you. As a
side-effect, one very often finds the problem while doing so !-)


HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 20:30:52 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 10:30:52 +1000
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a9b6ba@news.eftel.com>

On 4/07/2006 9:27 AM, bruce wrote:
> hi...
> 
> i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the parsing
> i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find functions to
> remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars.
> 

It's possible that you would be better off handling those characters in 
some fashion other than blowing them away. What are the characters that 
you are seeing, and what is the problem that they are causing you?


From gene.tani at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:32:21 2006
From: gene.tani at gmail.com (gene tani)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:32:21 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <e90r0n$lj0$1@news.albasani.net>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us> <e90r0n$lj0$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <1152649941.567271.88290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Georg Brandl wrote:
> Cameron Laird wrote:
> > In article <1152629752.824822.147230 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
> > iapain <iapain at gmail.com> wrote:
> > 			.
> > 			.
> > 			.
> >>Does that mean there is no way to implement restricted enviorment?
> > 			.
> > 			.
> > 			.
> > The most knowledgeable people have effectively given up, in
> > regard to Python.
>

also relevant is the 2 "Try python" online shells that were discussed
last January or so

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/66e659942f95b1a0?q=trypython&



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Tue Jul  4 11:36:06 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:36:06 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152027366.639446.67550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

mart.franklin at gmail.com:

Using Python you can do:

# Data:
l_a = [1.1, 1.2]
l_b = [2.1, 2.2]
l_c = [3.1, 3.2]
l_d = [5.1, 4.2]

from itertools import izip
l_e = [(c-d) - (a-b)*(a-b) for a,b,c,d in izip(l_a, l_b, l_c, l_d)]
print l_e

With psyco + the standard module array you can probably go quite fast,
Psyco regognizes those arrays and speeds them a lot.

But with something like this you can probably go faster:

from numarray import array
arr_a = array(l_a)
arr_b = array(l_b)
arr_c = array(l_c)
arr_d = array(l_d)
arr_e = (arr_c - arr_d) - (arr_a - arr_b)**2
print arr_e

(Instead of numarray you can use ScyPy, numerics, etc.)
If your data in on disk you can avoid the list=>array conversion, and
load the data from the numerical library itself, this is probably
almost as fast as doing the same thing in C.

Bye,
bearophile



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 21:51:36 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 18:51:36 -0700
Subject: sending binary data over sockets
References: <1151960138.859486.22600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12aj22vmivkh8de@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151977896.157285.213980@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-03, thorley at gmail.com <thorley at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > My problem now, is that I need to send certain binary data over a
> > socket. That is, I want to make some bytes, and stuff them in a TCP
> > packet, send them down the pipe, and then listen for a response.
...
> > In my understaing the above just sends the string '\x01\x02\x03\x04',
> > not raw binary data.
>
> The string '\x01\x02\x03\x04' consists of four octets having
> the values 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04.
>
> Are those not the four octets you wanted to send?
> 
> -- 
> Grant Edwards

i.e.
>>> len('\x01\x02\x03\x04')
4



From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Mon Jul 31 15:21:23 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:21:23 -0400
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
Message-ID: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>

  Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
a local variable in a function that retains its value.

 For example, suppose I have:

def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
   static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
   bits [bit_index] = bit_value

   print "\tBit Array:"
   int i
   while (i < len(bits):
      print bits[i],
   print '\n'

 
   I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
for the next time it is called.


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz





From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 22 11:42:56 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 08:42:56 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
Message-ID: <1153582976.746036.312330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Hans wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> Is there a way that the program that created and started a thread also stops
> it.
> (My usage is a time-out).
>
> E.g.
>
> thread = threading.Thread(target=Loop.testLoop)
> thread.start()     # This thread is expected to finish within a second
> thread.join(2)    # Or time.sleep(2) ?

No, Python has no threadicide method, and its absence is not an
oversight. Threads often have important business left to do, such
as releasing locks on shared data; killing them at arbitrary times
tends to leave the system in an inconsistent state.

> if thread.isAlive():
>     # thread has probably encountered a problem and hangs
>     # What should be here to stop thread  ??????

At this point, it's too late. Try to code so your threads don't hang.

Python does let you arrange for threads to die when you want to
terminate the program, with threading's Thread.setDaemon().


-- 
--Bryan



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 17:01:18 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 14:01:18 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514248.125242.217310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153515678.845813.9880@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

dan.g... at gmail.com wrote:
> > No, that affects the string printed only *after* the "usage = " string.
> >  What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
> > string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
> > So I would like to make it look like this:
>
> The example was fine (except for a typo) as far as demonstrating the
> concept.  Try this corrected version:
>
> from optparse import OptionParser
>
> usage = '************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING
> ************\nusage: %prog [options] input_file'
> parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
> parser.print_help()

Nope.  That only *nearly* does what T wants.  The usage message will
still be printed immediately *after* the 'usage: ' string.

>>> parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
>>> parser.print_help()
usage: ************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING************
usage: lopts.py [options] input_file

options:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit


I had the same problem, and in order to get something printed before
the usage message, I found one easy-ish way was to subclass the
Formatter passed in to the Parser.

IMHO, optparse does a tricky task well, but it's implemented in a hard
to follow, inflexible manner.  My "favorite" pet peeve is that the
options "dictionary" it returns isn't a dict.  I wound up doing this to
it to get something [I considered] useful:

    o, a = parser.parse_args()
    o = o.__dict__.copy()


Peace,
~Simon



From zxo102 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 11:17:13 2006
From: zxo102 at gmail.com (zxo102)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 08:17:13 -0700
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
In-Reply-To: <NM3zg.1529$W93.507@dukeread05>
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05> <NM3zg.1529$W93.507@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154272633.700635.319130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Philippe,

Thanks a lot. I got the idea. Let me try it.

Ouyang

Philippe Martin ???

> Philippe Martin wrote:
>
> > zxo102 wrote:
> >
> >> Hi everyone,
> >>     I am using a python socket server to collect data from a socket
> >> client and then control a image location ( wxpython) with the data,
> >> i.e. moving the image around in the wxpython frame.
> >>    But  the "app.MainLoop()" in wxpython looks like conflicting with
> >> the "while 1:" in socket server. After I commented the
> >> "app.MainLoop()", everything is working except two things:
> >>      1. if I click anywhere on the screen with the mouse, the image is
> >> gong and only the empty frame( or panel) is left.
> >>      2. if I don't  touch anything, the image is being moved around but
> >> the previous images are left behind in the panel.
> >>     I guess that may be caused by "app.MainLoop()" commented.
> >>    Anybody knows how to make the two things work together? I really
> >> appreciate your help.
> >>    My sample code is modified based on the wxpython demo: image.py.
> >> socket client is also attached for your reference.
> >>
> >> Ouyang
> >>
> >> ################ socket server with wxpython ##############
> >>
> >> from Main import opj
> >> import wx,string
> >> class MMCS(wx.Frame):
> >>     def __init__(self):
> >>         self.bmp = wx.Image(opj('bitmaps/image.bmp'),
> >> wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
> >>         self.bmp.SetMask(True)
> >>         wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title='monitoring system',
> >> size=(500,600))
> >>         self.panel = wx.Panel(self,-1)
> >>
> >>     def monitor(self,x,y,angle):
> >>         bmp = self.bmp.Rotate(angle, (x,y), True,None)
> >>         bmp = bmp.ConvertToBitmap()
> >>
> >>         wx.StaticBitmap(self.panel, -1, bmp, (x, y), (bmp.GetWidth(),
> >> bmp.GetHeight()))
> >>         del bmp
> >>
> >> app = wx.PySimpleApp()
> >> frame = MMCS()
> >> frame.Show()
> >> frame.monitor(50,10,0.0)
> >> #app.MainLoop()
> >>
> >> # Server program
> >> from socket import *
> >> # Set the socket parameters
> >> host = "192.168.0.2"
> >> port = 21567
> >> buf = 1024
> >> addr = (host,port)
> >>
> >> # Create socket and bind to address
> >> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> >> UDPSock.bind(addr)
> >>
> >> # Receive messages
> >> while 1:
> >> data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
> >> if not data:
> >> print "Client has exited!"
> >> break
> >> else:
> >> print "\nReceived message '", data,"'"
> >>                          d = string.split(data, '-')
> >>
> >> frame.monitor(string.atoi(d[0]),string.atoi(d[1]),string.atof(d[2]))
> >> if data == 'END':
> >> print "end of moving the ship"
> >>
> >> # Close socket
> >> UDPSock.close()
> >>
> >> ############# socket client ######################>
> >> rom socket import *
> >> import time
> >>
> >> # Set the socket parameters
> >> host = "192.168.0.2"
> >> port = 21567
> >> buf = 1024
> >> addr = (host,port)
> >>
> >> # Create socket
> >> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> >> def_msg = "===Enter message to send to server===";
> >> print "\n",def_msg
> >>
> >> # Send messages
> >> while (1):
> >>           for i in range(100):
> >>                time.sleep(1)
> >> data = "50-100-%s"%(0.1*i)
> >> if(UDPSock.sendto(data,addr)):
> >> print "Sending message '",data,"'....."
> >> # Close socket
> >> UDPSock.close()
> >
> >
> > If you get rid of app.MaiLoop(), you basically get rid of all GUI events.
> > You need to have you server in a separate thread.
> >
> > Philippe
> PS:
> 
> http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/LongRunningTasks



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Thu Jul  6 15:17:26 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:17:26 -0500
Subject: string/list comparison
In-Reply-To: <0ec901c6a12f$96af8d20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <0ec901c6a12f$96af8d20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <44AD61C6.50704@tim.thechases.com>

>   sstr = sesslist[0]   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< these should be the same
>   trstr = trlist[3]    <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< "Summer A"
> 
>   sstr.strip(sstr)
>   trstr.strip(trstr)
> 
>   print "slen = ",len(sstr)
>   print "trlen = ",len(trstr)

Have you tried printing the repr(sstr) and repr(trstr) to see 
what Python thinks they are?

Without having these values posted to the list, it's near 
impossible to be of more assistance.

As soon as you do print them out, you should be able to visdiff 
them and see where matters have gone awry.

-tkc





From http  Sun Jul 30 19:08:21 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:08:21 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7x3bcik7x6.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> Thanks John, I do not have a long available on the device: stuck with 16
> bits.

Oh, I think I understand now, why you were asking about algorithms.
You really did want something whose intermediate results all fit in 16
bits.  

Even if your C compiler doesn't support a long int datatype, it may
have some library functions to do long arithmetic.  Look for functions
with names like lmul, ldiv, etc.

Will the decimal digit strings always be 8 digits?  If yes, there are
probably a few math tricks you can use to do the hex conversion
simply.  


From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 10:55:52 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 07:55:52 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


> my_innocent_object = __import__(''.join([chr(110+x) for x in [1, 5]]))

Thats really smart way, yeah i had plan to scan and detect but I think
its not gonna work.

> Creating a restricted execution environment is *hard*. As far as I know,
> even Microsoft has never attempted it. And for all of Sun's resources and
> talent, security holes are sometimes found even in Java.

Does that mean there is no way to implement restricted enviorment?

Best!
iapain



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  8 03:10:59 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 09:10:59 +0200
Subject: Parsing HTML--looking for info/comparison of HTMLParser vs.
	htmllib modules.
In-Reply-To: <44AEA402.8020007@sbcglobal.net>
References: <44AEA402.8020007@sbcglobal.net>
Message-ID: <e8nlq2$dus$1@sea.gmane.org>

Kenneth McDonald wrote:

> The problem I'm having with HTMLParser is simple; I don't seem to be 
> getting the actual text in the HTML document. I've implemented the 
> do_data method of HTMLParser.HTMLParser in my HTMLParser subclass, but 
> it never seems to receive any data. Is there another way to access the 
> text chunks as they come along?

the method is called "handle_data":

     http://docs.python.org/lib/module-HTMLParser.html

> HTMLParser would probably be the way to go if I can figure this out. It 
> seems much simpler than htmllib, and satisfies my requirements.
> 
> htmllib will write out the text data (using the AbstractFormatter and 
> AbstractWriter), but my problem here is conceptual. I simply don't 
> understand why all of these different "levels" of abstractness are 
> necessary, nor how to use them.

if you're not interested in HTML *rendering*, use sgmllib instead.

     http://docs.python.org/lib/module-sgmllib.html

the only difference between the libs is that HTMLParser is a bit 
stricter; on the other hand, if you want to parse really messy HTML, you 
should probably use BeautifulSoup instead:

     http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/

</F>



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 07:57:27 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 04:57:27 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

thebjorn wrote:
> For the purpose of finding someone's age I was looking for a way to
> find how the difference in years between two dates, so I could do
> something like:
>
>   age = (date.today() - born).year
>
> but that didn't work (the timedelta class doesn't have a year
> accessor).
>
> I looked in the docs and the cookbook, but I couldn't find anything, so
> I came up with:
>
>   def age(born):
>       now = date.today()
>       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)

Bad luck if the punter was born on 29 Feb and the current year is not a
leap year.

>       return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)

Holy code bloat, Batman! Try this:

    return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)

>
> i.e. calculate the "raw" years first and subtract one if he hasn't had
> his birthday yet this year... It works, but I'd rather use a standard
> and generic approach if it exists...?
>

It's the irregular-size months that cause the problems. If you can work
out the months difference, then just floor_div by 12 to get the years
difference.

Below is some code from the ancient times when everybody and his dog
each had their own date class :-)

HTH,
John

8<--- methods from a date class

   def months_until(self, to_date):
      """Return number of months between from_date (self) and to_date.
      """
      from_date = self
      signum = 1
      if from_date > to_date:
         from_date, to_date = to_date, from_date
         signum = -1
      d1, m1, y1 = from_date.day, from_date.month, from_date.year
      d2, m2, y2 = to_date.day, to_date.month, to_date.year
      mdiff = (y2 - y1) * 12 + m2 - m1
      if d2 < d1 and (d2 < 28 or d2 != last_day_of_month(y2, m2)):
         # the test d2 < 28 is not necessary; it is an optimisation
         # to avoid calling last_day_of_month unnecessarily
         mdiff = mdiff - 1
      return mdiff * signum

   def years_until(self, to_date):
      """Return number of years between from_date (self) and to_date.
      """
      md = self.months_until(to_date)
      if md >= 0:
         return md // 12
      else:
         # ensure division truncates towards zero
         return -((-md) // 12)

8<--- module-level functions and constants

# days in month
_dim = (None, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31)

def last_day_of_month(y, m):
   """Return day (1..31) which is last day of month m in year y
   """
   if m == 2:
      return 28 + _leap(y)
   else:
      if not (1 <= m <= 12):
         raise DateError, "month not in 1..12"
      return _dim[m]

def _leap(y):
   if y % 4: return 0
   if y % 100: return 1
   if y % 400: return 0
   return 1

8<----



From pmaupin at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 15:57:02 2006
From: pmaupin at gmail.com (Patrick Maupin)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:57:02 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9j48a$b3p$1@news.sap-ag.de>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9j48a$b3p$1@news.sap-ag.de>
Message-ID: <1153252622.614232.307040@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Daniel Dittmar wrote:
>
> Premature generalization: the new 'premature optimization'.

Premature specialization: the new 'static typing'.

-- Pat



From noone at nowhere  Wed Jul 12 07:04:37 2006
From: noone at nowhere (Jonathan Harris)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:04:37 +0100
Subject: I need some help
In-Reply-To: <m3k66j626o.fsf@calvin.watterson>
References: <1152665371.509962.235710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<m3k66j626o.fsf@calvin.watterson>
Message-ID: <ycGdneBiodXXSinZnZ2dnUVZ8sydnZ2d@pipex.net>

Tim Heaney wrote:
> Several different people have written modules to help you read (and
> write) ID3 tags.

On a related topic, I have a Perl module that reads MP4/AAC tags -
http://search.cpan.org/~jhar/MP4-Info/ - that I'm considering porting to 
Python.

But before I start, is anyone aware of an existing Python module to read 
MP4/AAC tags?

Jonathan.


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 24 14:22:49 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:22:49 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <ea32sv$f4n$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<44C502EC.7080802@mvista.com>
	<ea32sv$f4n$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <44C50FF9.8080009@mvista.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> [... rant ...]
>   
>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets 
>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.  
>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write 
>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up 
>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the 
>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a 
>> way around this scenario?
>>
>>
>>     
>
> Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research 
> the history of this design decision in the language you should discover 
> there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".
>
>
>   
Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven 
communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a 
message, stops everything, and processes the message. 


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 05:29:42 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:29:42 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ab8687$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Mike Kent wrote:
(snip)
> p[j] does not give you a reference to an element inside p.

Yes it does:
>>> a = ['a']
>>> b = ['b']
>>> c = ['c']
>>> p = [a, b, c]
>>> p[0] is a
True
>>> p[1] is b
True
>>> p[2] is c
True
>>> p[0].append('z')
>>> a
['a', 'z']
>>>


>  It gives
> you a new sublist containing one element from p.

Plain wrong.

>  You then append a
> column to that sublist.  Then, since you do nothing more with that
> sublist, YOU THROW IT AWAY.

Plain wrong.

> Try doing:
> 
> p[j] = p[j].append(col)

Plain wrong again. list.append() returns None, so the following code:
- retrieve a reference to p[j] (which happens to be a list)
- append something to that list
- then rebind p[j] to None...

> However, this will still result in inefficient code. 

Indeed. One could even say "broken" and "braindead".

>  Since every line
> you read in via the csv reader is already a list, try this (untested)

Given your obvious lack of even the most basic knowledge concerning
Python, it would be better for you *and everyone reading this newsgroup*
that you take time to actually test before posting.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 13:37:21 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (TY)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 10:37:21 -0700
Subject: Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a newbie?
Message-ID: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

Can someone point me to a Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a
newbie?  I read the documentation but it doesn't have a lot of info...
 Thanks!



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sat Jul 29 05:00:28 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 11:00:28 +0200
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org><12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
	<44CADD06.4040908@open-networks.net>
Message-ID: <027401c6b2ed$c554cc60$03000080@hendrik>

"Timothy Smith" <timothy at open-networks.net> wrote:


| Grant Edwards wrote:
| > On 2006-07-28, Timothy Smith <timothy at open-networks.net> wrote:
| >
| >
| >> i've been trying to send an 8 byte string to my parallel port
| >> under freebsd. the purpose is it to control a relay board. the
| >> board simply responds to the output byte coming from the port.
| >> eg.  00000001 will set pin 1 high and flick the relay open.
| >> todate i've attempted this with merely open() on /dev/ppi0 and
| >> numpy for the byte array, but i just can't seem to get it
| >> working. i know the parallel port works and i know the relay
| >> board works (tested it with it's own windows ultility) so it's
| >> just my crappy programming keeping me from success.
| >>
| >
| > I'm guessing there's an implied request for help there
| > somewhere.  This would be a good start:
| >
| >   http://www.google.com/search?q=python+parallel+port
| >
| > I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
| > module found here:
| >
| >   http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/
| >
| > I've not used pyparallel, but based on my experience with
| > pyserial and some of Chris Liechti's other work, I'd bet
| > dollars to doughnuts it's your best option.
| >
| >
| yes, i did try pyparallel however it will not install on freebsd,
| setup.py errors.
|
| and yes i've done quite a bit of googling, i never expected it to be
| this difficult. i've done work with serial ports before. never parallel but.

What is on the other side of the link? - if its a small 8 bit micro - you may
simply be going too fast...

- Hendrik

|



From jes at nl.demon.net  Mon Jul 10 08:32:44 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:32:44 -0000
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>

In article <slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be>,
Antoon Pardon  <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
>On 2006-07-09, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
>> Frank Millman wrote:
>>
>>> So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
>>> creates a new list.
>>
>> objects can override the += operator (by defining the __iadd__ method), 
>> and the list type maps __iadd__ to extend.  other containers may treat 
>> += differently, but in-place behaviour is recommended by the language
>> reference:
>>
>>    An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
>>    x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect.  In
>>    the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible,
>>    the actual operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than
>>    creating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object
>>    is modified instead.
>
>What does it mean that x is only evaluated once.  I have an avltree module,
>with an interface much like a directory.  So I added print statements to
>__setitem__ and __getitem__ and then tried the following code.
>
>>>> from avltree import Tree
>>>> t=Tree()
>>>> t['a'] = 1
>__setitem__, key = a
>>>> t['a']
>__getitem__, key = a
>1
>>>> t['a'] = t['a'] + 1
>__getitem__, key = a
>__setitem__, key = a
>>>> t['a'] += 1
>__getitem__, key = a
>__setitem__, key = a
>>>> t['b'] = []
>__setitem__, key = b
>>>> t['b'] = t['b'] + [1]
>__getitem__, key = b
>__setitem__, key = b
>>>> t['b'] += [2]
>__getitem__, key = b
>__setitem__, key = b
>
>So to me it seems that when we substitute t['a'] or t['b'] for x,
>x is evaluated twice with the augmented version, just like it
>is with the not augmented version.

$ cat x.py

def getindex(ind = 0):
    print 'getindex() called'
    return ind

a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a[getindex(0)] = a[getindex(0)] + 17
print a
a[getindex(1)] += 22
print a

$ python x.py
getindex() called
getindex() called
[17, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
getindex() called
[17, 23, 2, 3, 4, 5]

In this case, getindex() is a rather pointless function, but it could
be an expensive one or one with side effects or even one which alters
state, so that it gives different values on subsequent calls with the
same argument.

The += version finds the object to be operated upon once, the expanded
version does it twice.


-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 12:12:21 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:12:21 -0700
Subject: dicts vs classes
In-Reply-To: <1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153825814.176868.131350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153843941.367286.183890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> I'm wondering about whether to use objects in this way or dictionaries
> for a program I'm writing at the moment. It seems to me that unless you
> need some of the functionality supplied with dictionaries (len(a),
> has_key, etc) then simple objects are a syntacticaly cleaner and more
> natural way to express yourself.
>
> Any objctions to this, or pitfalls?
>
> Simon Hibbs

I'm not sure, but I think this should be the other way round: unless
you need special behavior that dicts don't supply (methods) or you
really want/need obj.attr notation, you're better off just using dicts,
but Marco Wahl is right, if it really matters measure it.

Peace,
~Simon



From konrad.hinsen at laposte.net  Wed Jul 12 09:57:03 2006
From: konrad.hinsen at laposte.net (Konrad Hinsen)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:57:03 +0200
Subject: Compiling Python using the Portland Group compiler
Message-ID: <2992C1AC-86FE-442A-A6B2-27E360CB770D@laposte.net>

I am trying to install Python 2.4.3 on an AMD Opteron system using  
the Portland Group's compiler (pgcc). Using

CC="pgcc -DNCURSES_ENABLE_STDBOOL_H=0" OPT="-O0" LINKFORSHARED="-Wl,- 
export-dynamic" ./configure --without-cxx

I finally managed to obtain an executable that would start and work,  
but it fails a couple of test cases:

1) test_coercion reports wrong results for operations with complex  
numbers. For example,
2**(2.+0j) yields (1+0j).

2) test_compare reports some wrong results, such as

	(2+0j) != (2+0j)

However, typing

	(2+0j) == (2+0j)

into the interpreter yields "True". Perhaps the bug is in the  
execution of the test suite.

3) test_compile reports wrong results as well:

test test_compile failed -- Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/work/experiences/biophys/hinsen/install/Python-2.4.3/Lib/ 
test/test_compile.py", line 164, in test_literals_with_leading_zeroes
     self.assertEqual(eval("0777j"), 777j)
AssertionError: 777j != 777j

However,
	eval("0777j") == 777j
yields "True".

4) test_cpickle crashes with a segmentation fault.


Has anyone encountered such failures before? Does anyone have useful  
suggestions for analyzing them?

Konrad.
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Konrad Hinsen
Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
Saint Aubin - BP 48
91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
E-Mail: hinsen ?t cnrs-orleans.fr
---------------------------------------------------------------------




From mw at visenso.de  Tue Jul 25 06:10:07 2006
From: mw at visenso.de (Marco Wahl)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:10:07 +0200
Subject: dicts vs classes
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <9ou0565728.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>

"Guyon Mor?e" <guyon.moree at gmail.com> writes:

> I'm using simple classes as a container of named values and I'm
> instantiating a lot of them in a very short time.
> 
> i was wondering if there is any benefit in using dicts instead from a
> performance/memory usage point of view?

I recommend you to measure the time and memory usage
for the two alternatives.  That could give you the
answer you want.


HTH
-- 
Marco Wahl
http://visenso.com


From akbarhome at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 06:52:31 2006
From: akbarhome at gmail.com (akbar)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 03:52:31 -0700
Subject: gettext newbie frustration
Message-ID: <1152096751.074245.252920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I try to learn gettext and python. This is the simple program
#simplehello.py
import locale
import gettext

APP = 'simplehello'
DIR = 'locale'
locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
gettext.bindtextdomain(APP, DIR)
gettext.textdomain(APP)
_ = gettext.gettext

print _('Hello World')

After that I do this in my shell:
$ xgettext -k_ -kN_ -o messages.pot simplehello.py
$ cp messages.pot de.po

Edit the de.po so it will be like this:
<snip>
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#: simplehello.py:11
msgid "Hello World"
msgstr "blabla"

Then...
$ msgfmt de.po -o locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/simplehello.mo
$ msgfmt de.po -o locale/de_DE/LC_MESSAGES/simplehello.mo
$ msgfmt de.po -o locale/de_DE.UTF-8/LC_MESSAGES/simplehello.mo

I try to run the application:
$ LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 python simplehello.py

The output is still 'Hello World' not 'blabla'.
What's wrong?

Additional facts:
$ locale -a
C
de_AT.utf8
de_BE.utf8
de_CH.utf8
de_DE.utf8
de_LU.utf8
en_AU.utf8
<snip>

$ LANG=de_DE python simplehello.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "simplehello.py", line 6, in ?
    locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/locale.py", line 381, in setlocale
    return _setlocale(category, locale)
locale.Error: unsupported locale setting

Thank you.



From mrmakent at cox.net  Thu Jul 13 13:22:43 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:22:43 -0700
Subject: Multiplatform scripts: Can I avoid os.sep?
References: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152811363.024830.293170@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

gmax2006 wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I am developing scripts that must run on both Linux and windows.
>
> My scripts contain lots of relative paths (such as log\\log.txt or
> ctl\\table.ctl) If I use os.sep, it makes the code ugly. Is there any
> tips or techniques to have Python automatically converts \\ to / when
> the script runs on Linux? What is the best way to deal with this
> situation?

Use Jason Orendorff's path module:

http://www.jorendorff.com/articles/python/path/

Then you can do things like:

targetPath = 'some' / 'random' / 'path'

and the overridden '/' operator will do the right thing for the OS you
are on.
Of course, using the '/' operator in this manner makes some people's
heads explode.



From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul  6 23:30:46 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 20:30:46 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <9s2dnUDMKLEJSDDZnZ2dnUVZ_vqdnZ2d@comcast.com>

>> I will have to install lighttpd or other web servers.
>
> do that.
>
> If all you need is a webserver there's little reason to have it in
> python. Just use one of the several high quality open source webservers.

lighttpd is a great web server. I just didn't want to bother download the 
source,
configure, make and make install, and have a bunch of files installed into 
the system
(The binaries are mostly not the latest version.)  If a server can be set up 
with a few
python files, it sounds like a cleaner approach :)

lighttpd does have an option to make a monilithic build that has everything 
in
one file but somehow I couldn't make the scons-based build work. (Any tips?) 




From utabintarbo at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 12:29:49 2006
From: utabintarbo at gmail.com (utabintarbo)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 09:29:49 -0700
Subject: How to start more than one process at the same time?
In-Reply-To: <1152875546.212270.45910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152875546.212270.45910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152894589.091264.283070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Look into the subprocess module. Possibly relevant link follows:

http://docs.python.org/lib/node244.html



From grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au  Fri Jul 28 09:16:31 2006
From: grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au (Graham Feeley)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 23:16:31 +1000
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
Message-ID: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>

Hi this is a plea for some help.
I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to collect 
data from a web site and puts it into a access database table.
It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect 
the results of those races.

I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually.
I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest)
there are only 12 fields to extract
The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in 
another project which is talking all his time.
I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me
Regards
Graham
 




From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 01:55:40 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 22:55:40 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >> Chris Smith schrieb:
> >>> For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we
> >>> were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type
> >>> Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few
> >>> (infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain
> >>> the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:
> >>>
> >>>     Person{age:{18..29}}
> >>>
> >>> But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice
> >>> property called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to
> >>> make one of a few choices: [...] (c) invent some kind of generic
> >>> constraint language so that constraints like this could be expressed
> >>> without exposing field names. [...] Choice (c), though, looks a
> >>> little daunting.
> >> That's not too difficult.
> >> Start with boolean expressions.
> >> If you need to check everything statically, add enough constraints that
> >> they become decidable.
> >
> > I'm not sure I understand. Could you elaborate?
>
> Preconditions/postconditions can express anything you want, and they are
> an absolutely natural extensions of what's commonly called a type
> (actually the more powerful type systems have quite a broad overlap with
> assertions).
> I'd essentially want to have an assertion language, with primitives for
> type expressions.

Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
right? In other words, we can consider contracts in light of
inheritance, but the actual verification and checking happens
at runtime, yes?

Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
this raises decidability issues.) Mightn't it also be possible to
leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
was compile-time or runtime?

I've been wondering about this for a while.


Marshall



From huwdixon at netrox.net  Sun Jul  9 11:35:49 2006
From: huwdixon at netrox.net (hdixon)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 08:35:49 -0700
Subject: class members vs instance members
Message-ID: <1152459349.575874.132830@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ive spent a few days going thru a couple of Python tutorials. No
problem until I got to classes. I guess my java mindset is blocking my
vision. I've borrowed another thread's code snippet and cannot explain
the results:
class MyClass:
    list = []
    myvar = 10

    def add(self, x):
        self.list.append(x)
        self.myvar = x

    def printer(self):
        print self.list
        print self.myvar

a = MyClass()
b = MyClass()

for n in range(20):
    a.add(n)

print "list in a:"
a.printer()
print "list in b:"
b.printer()

This produces:
list in a:
list in a:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
19
list in b:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19]
10

WHY do the "class members" list and myvar seem to behave differently?
Given the way that list[] is supposedly shared why doesnt myvar exhibit
the same behavior? It seems that myvar is acting like a true "instance
member". Is this simply because of the underlying types?


TIA



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul  5 03:35:31 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 00:35:31 -0700
Subject: request for advice - possible ElementTree nexus
In-Reply-To: <1152046684.935112.28010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152046684.935112.28010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152084931.246872.79480@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


mirandacascade at yahoo.com wrote:
> Situation is this:
> 1) I have inherited some python code that accepts a string object, the
> contents of which is an XML document, and produces a data structure
> that represents some of the content of the XML document
> 2) The inherited code is somewhat 'brittle' in that some well-formed
> XML documents are not correctly processed by the code; the brittleness
> is caused by how the parser portion of the code handles whitespace.
> 3) I would like to change the code to make it less brittle.  Whatever
> changes I make must continue to produce the same data structure that is
> currently being produced.
> 4) Rather than attempt to fix the parser portion of the code, I would
> prefer to use ElementTree.  ElementTree handles parsing XML documents
> flawlessly, so the brittle portion of the code goes away.  In addition,
> the ElementTree model is very sweet to work with, so it is a relatively
> easy task using the information in ElementTree to produce the same data
> structure that is currently being produced.
> 5) The existing data structure--the structure that must be
> maintained--that gets produced does NOT include any {xmlns=<whatever>}
> information that may appear in the source XML document.
> 6) Based on a review of several posts in this group, I understand why
> ElementTree hanldes xmlns=<whatever> information the way it does.  This
> is an oversimplification, but one of the things it does is to
> incorporate the {whatever} within the tag property of the element and
> of any descendent elements.
> 7) One of the pieces of information in the data structure that gets
> produced by this code is the tag...the tag in the data structure should
> not have any xmlns=<whatever> information.
>
> So, given that the goal is to produce the same data structure and given
> that I really want to use ElementTree, I need to find a way to remove
> the xmlns=<whatever> information.  It seems like there are 2 general
> methods for accomplishing this:
> 1) before feeding the string object to the ElementTree.XML() method,
> remove the xmlns=<whatever> information from the string.
> 2) keep the xmlns=<whatever> information in the string that feeds
> ElementTree.XML(), but when building the data structure, ensure that
> the {whatever} information in the tag property of the element should
> NOT be included in the data structure.
>
[snip]

maybe transform the document with XSLT before processing?

google: xslt remove namespaces

eg. http://www.tei-c.org/wiki/index.php/Remove-Namespaces.xsl

eg. http://www.thescripts.com/forum/thread86057.html

hth

Gerard



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 10:26:57 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 07:26:57 -0700
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154094589.662300.12610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8698.1154174596.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154183217.094059.139770@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Roman,

The way  I see it, it could be either way. In other words if I can
write f(1,2,3) and f(1,2,3,) I should also be able to write
f(1,*[2,3],). It is a really small detail but there sould be some
consistency. Either no extra commas for all kinds of argument types or
extra commas for _all_ of them. It seems though also that if it is
possible to do it with lists, tuples and dictionaries, it should also
be possible to do it with argument lists. In other words if (1,2,3,)
makes sense so should func(1,2,3,) even when written as
func(1,2,*[3],).

Well you are the one who discovered this so you shoud be the one
submitting the bug report! Here is PEP 3 page with the guidelines for
bug reporting:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0003/

Just mark it as a very low priority since it is more of a cosmetic bug
than a serious showstopper.

-Nick V


Roman Susi wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>
> >True, that is why it behaves the way it does, but which way is the
> >correct way? i.e. does the code need updating or the documentation?
> >
> >
> >
> Perhaps, someone can make a bug report... IMHO, docs are wrong.
>
> -Roman
>
> >-Nick V.
> >
> >olsongt at verizon.net wrote:
> >
> >
> >>Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>>Roman,
> >>>
> >>>According to the Python call syntax definition
> >>>(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
> >>>seems like a minor bug.  Here are the  lines in question:
> >>>-----http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html-----------
> >>>call ::= primary "(" [argument_list [","]] ")"
> >>>argument_list::=positional_arguments ["," keyword_arguments] ["," "*"
> >>>expression] ["," "**" expression]
> >>>	| keyword_arguments ["," "*" expression] ["," "**" expression]
> >>>        | "*" expression ["," "**" expression]
> >>>        | "**" expression
> >>>----------------------------------------------------------
> >>>If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
> >>>'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
> >>>the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
> >>>exhaustive example:
> >>>--------------------------------------------------------
> >>>
> >>>
> >>Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:
> >>
> >>http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209&view=markup
> >>
> >>parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
> >>varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
> >>              ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
> >>              fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
> >>fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >  
> >



From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Wed Jul 19 09:22:40 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 14:22:40 +0100 (BST)
Subject: CSV with comments
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>
Message-ID: <e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Daniel Dittmar  <daniel.dittmar at sap.corp> wrote:
>         if line [:1] == '#':

What's wrong with line[0] == '#' ? (For one thing, it's fractionally
faster than [:1].)

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From mart.franklin at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:31:17 2006
From: mart.franklin at gmail.com (mart.franklin at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:31:17 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7771.1152026418.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7771.1152026418.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152027076.092501.202700@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> mart.franklin at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > ## just for a laugh my own zip function
> > ## the joke is it runs faster than built in zip ??
>
> since it doesn't do the same thing, it's not a very good joke.
>
> > def myzip(*args):
> >     index = 0
> >     for elem in args[0]:
> >         zipper = []
> >         for arg in args:
> >             zipper.append(arg[index])
> >         index = index +1
> >         yield zipper
> 
> </F>

indeed, the joke is on me ;)  I thanks for pointing it out



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 07:02:23 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:02:23 +0200
Subject: Regular expression issue
References: <1153304898.226689.254330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.11.02.22.255308@gmx.net>

In <1153304898.226689.254330 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, dmbkiwi wrote:

> I'm trying to parse a line of html as follows:
> 
> <td style="width:20%" align="left">101.120:( KPA (-)</td>
> <td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>
> 
> however, sometimes it looks like this:
> 
> <td style="width:20%" align="left">N/A</td>
> <td style="width:35%" align="left">Snow on Ground)0 </td>
> 
> 
> I want to get either the numerical value 101.120 (which could be a
> different number depending on the data that's been fed into the page,
> or in terms of the second option, 'N/A'.
> 
> The regexp I'm using is:
> 
> .*?Pressure.*?"left">(?P<baro>\d+?|N/A)</td>|\sKPA.*?Snow\son\sGround
> 
> Can someone help me debug this.  It's not picking up the number, and
> I'm not sure I've got the syntax for '|' right, but can't find a
> detailed tutorial on how to use |.

What about something like

   align="left">((?P<baro>[\d.]+):\(\sKPA)|(?P<na>N/A).*Ground\)

You need the flags re.MULTILINE and re.DOTALL when compiling the regular
expression.

You'll have to check the 'baro' and 'na' groups to decide if it matched a
numerical value or 'N/A'.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From frank at chagford.com  Sat Jul  8 03:42:43 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 00:42:43 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <1152271022.346944.171220@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>
	<1152200552.730834.187740@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<bbeqa2960m89nc1c6fheflfammkick4r1l@4ax.com>
	<1152206961.838399.113410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<n7ura2ldl0cgho12ftc069lp8agajnc4s1@4ax.com>
	<1152271022.346944.171220@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152344563.826456.66010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Filipe wrote:
>
> The only reason I still think Pymssql (and therefore, DB-Library) might
> be the best option is that, it is the only one I know that is both
> cross-platform and free - as in beer and as in freedom. (check, in this
> thread, a previous message by Tim Golden)
>

I have bookmarked this post dated October 2004, intending to look into
it one day. I have not done so yet (where does all the time go?). The
subject is "Connecting to SQL Server from Unix".

http://tinyurl.com/zc7so

Try out the suggestions and let us know what happened. I for one will
be very interested.

Frank Millman



From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:06:08 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:06:08 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153947812.801616.209610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947812.801616.209610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153947968.634187.296230@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> What are the desired results in cases like this:
> 
> "(a b)[c d]" or "(a b)(c d)" ?

["(a b)[c d]"], ["(a b)(c d)"]



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 01:51:49 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:51:49 +1200
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9secb$drg$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list at python.org>,
davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:

>   b) give up on using an anonymous function and create a named "successor"
>   function with "def",

This is what you have to do. For some reason mr van Rossum has this aversion
to anonymous functions, and tries to cripple them as much as possible.


From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 21 12:07:38 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 17:07:38 +0100
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <e9qu4t$k37$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Salerno wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> 
> 
>>Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string, so if you
>>want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
>>want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
>>the rest of your pattern matches.)
> 
> 
> Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the 
> full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match 
> (meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's wrong?

That's wrong. In this context match just means you got to the end of the 
pattern. However, if you don't want to add the "$" to the end of the 
patterns, you could instead check that

   m.endpos == len(s)

where m is the match object and s is the subject string.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 13:03:30 2006
From: alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com (alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 10:03:30 -0700
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
Message-ID: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi there,

I am trying to use pyserial to read data from a temperature logger
device (T-logger). T-logger is based on the DS1615 temperature recorder
chip (Dallas Semiconductor). According to the DS1615 docs, writing to
the chip is performed one byte  at a time. To read from the chip, one
must issue the "read page" command (33h), followed by the two-byte
address of the requested page (pages are 32 bytes long). After
receiving this, the DS1615 will send the data in a burst of (up to) 32
bytes. I can send data to the device, e.g. I can make the device's LED
blink with the test command (44h), but I am unable to read from it.
Connection parameters below are according to DS1615 docs.

>> import serial
>> s = serial.Serial(0, baudrate=9600, bytesize=8, parity='N', stopbits=1, timeout=None)
>> s.write("\x33")
>> s.write("\x00")
>> s.write("\x00")
>> s.read()   # "\x00" is returned here. This byte was already in the receive buffer before issueing the write commands.
>> s.read()   # The interpreter is blocked here as there is nothing to read from the serial port.

I'm completely clueless and would really appreciate your comments. If
it helps, I can post a log from a serial port monitor captured when the
provided T-logger program pulls data from the device, as well as a log
when pyserial is used. And finally, this is a snippet of some basic
code found on the web, that is suppose to do what I want (untested by
me):

open "COM1:9600,N,8,1,CS0,DS0,CD0,ME,FE" as 1
print #1, chr$(&H33);chr$(&H00);chr$(&H00)
result$ = input$(34, #1)

Many thanks,

alex



From nick at craig-wood.com  Thu Jul 27 05:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 04:30:03 -0500
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnech1lm.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com <bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com> wrote:
>  Yes, someone can, and that someone might as well be you.
>  How long does it take to create and clean up 100 trivial
>  processes on your system? How about 100 threads? What
>  portion of your user waiting time is that?

Here is test prog...

The results are on my 2.6GHz P4 linux system

  Forking
  1000 loops, best of 3: 546 usec per loop
  Threading
  10000 loops, best of 3: 199 usec per loop

Indicating that starting up and tearing down new threads is 2.5 times
quicker than starting new processes under python.

This is probably irrelevant in the real world though!


"""
Time threads vs fork
"""

import os
import timeit
import threading

def do_child_stuff():
    """Trivial function for children to run"""
    # print "hello from child"
    pass

def fork_test():
    """Test forking"""
    pid = os.fork()
    if pid == 0:
        # child
        do_child_stuff()
        os._exit(0)
    # parent - wait for child to finish
    os.waitpid(pid, os.P_WAIT)

def thread_test():
    """Test threading"""
    t = threading.Thread(target=do_child_stuff)
    t.start()
    # wait for child to finish
    t.join()
    
def main():
    print "Forking"
    timeit.main(["-s", "from __main__ import fork_test", "fork_test()"])
    print "Threading"
    timeit.main(["-s", "from __main__ import thread_test", "thread_test()"])
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 10:05:27 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 07:05:27 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8731.1154352939.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8731.1154352939.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154354727.457387.142840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-29 01:07:12, Tim Roberts wrote:
>
> > Vincent Delporte <justask at acme.com> wrote:
> >>
> >>BTW, what is the advantage of running a CherryPy/Django server instead
> >>of the regular way of code in pages? Improved performance because the
> >>Python interpreter is already up and running?
> >
> > Exactly.  The Python interpreter can take a significant fraction of a
> > second to start.  For the typical short web request, the overhead can add
> > up.
>
> Is this start-up overhead the same thing for PHP? Or is this handled
> differently there?

Typically you run PHP as a module in your webserver, so there should be
no process startup overhead. mod_python provides the same sort of
functionality for Python, but is not as popular or widely installed as
the PHP Apache module.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From tron.thomas at verizon.net  Fri Jul 21 00:46:07 2006
From: tron.thomas at verizon.net (tron.thomas at verizon.net)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 21:46:07 -0700
Subject: How to use pdb?
Message-ID: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I am trying to figure out how to use the pdb module to debug Python
programs, and I'm having difficulties.  I am pretty familiar with GDB
which seems to be similar, however I cannot even get the Python
debugger to break into a program so I can step through it.  I wrote a
simple program and below is an example of the steps I tried, as well as
the results I got:

>>> import pdb
>>> import MyProgram
>>> pdb.run('MyProgram.mainFunction')
> <string>(1)?()
(Pdb) b MyProgram.MyClass.method
Breakpoint 1 at MyProgram.py:8
(Pdb) cont
>>>

The program should have printed a message to the screen when execution
was continued, and it should have hit the breakpoint during that
execution.  Instead the debugger exitted to the main prompt.

What is the reason the dubugger behaves like this?
What is the correct way to accomplish what I am trying to do?

I have tried this process on Python 2.3.5 and 2.4.3 with the same
results on each version.



From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Fri Jul  7 17:06:23 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:06:23 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
Message-ID: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
strings?

I'm thinking of
  'a b c "d e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d e']
.  I'd also like
  'a b c "d \" e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d " e']
which omits any s.split('"')-based construct that I could come up with.

Thank you,
JIm



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 12:12:28 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:12:28 +0100
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9gctd$fbd$1@sea.gmane.org>

PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
> 
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
> 
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
> 
> OR
> 
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()
> 
The former, without a doubt. It says exactly the same thing, since lst 
can only be considered false when it is empty. Experienced Python 
programmers would scratch their heads at your second formulation.

I doubt there's much in it from a time point of view (though I know as I 
write this it will spur someone to use timeit.py to point out I am wrong).

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:02:52 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:02:52 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152129772.144602.116080@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> the XML-RPC protocol uses HTTP POST, so if you can handle XML-RPC, you
> should be able to handle any POST request.  what server are you using ?

I need some clarification of your suggestion.  Instead of sending URLs,
I could read the file as a string, create a Binary object, and send
that via XML-RPC.  The parameters will be sent to the server via HTTP
POST.  However, the file will be encoded as a base64 string and
included in the body of the XML-RPC message, so it will have to be
parsed by the server.  In my experience with SOAP, I have found this to
be extremely inefficient.

Are you suggesting sending the file separately thought a 2nd HTTP POST
with no XML-RPC message body?  I guess the POST request would look
something like:

POST /path/file HTTP/1.0
From: ...
User-Agent: ...
Content-Type: /application/binary
Content-Length: <file size>

<file contents>

I'm not sure how to add a 2nd request like this.  How would I alter a
simple call like that below to inlcude the 2nd post?  Do I need to use
httplib and the request() method of HTTPConnection?  Or can I make
POSTs through a ServerProxy object?

import xmlrpclib
server = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://myserver")
result = server.my_function(file, params)

Jeremy



From donald.welch at hp.com  Mon Jul 17 12:15:22 2006
From: donald.welch at hp.com (dwelch91)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 09:15:22 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bbb634$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>

PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
> 
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
> 
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
> 
> OR
> 
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()
> 

I think the first one is better, but if all you are doing is removing 
all the items in the list, this is definitely better:

lst = []

-Don


From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 26 12:54:39 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:54:39 +0200
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Pierre Thibault wrote:

> Hello!
> 
> I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
> because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
> iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
> I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
> was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
> STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
> 
> template <class H>
> class MyClass
> {
> public:
> 
> MyClass(H& o1, H& o2) : object1(o1), object2(o2) {}
> 
> void compute();
> 
> private:
> H& object1;
> H& object2;
> 
> };
> 
> template <class H>
> void MyClass::compute()
> {
> typedef typename H::iterator I;
> 
> I o1_begin = object1.begin();
> I o2_begin = object2.begin();
>         I o1_end = object1.end();
> 
> for(I io1 = o1_begin, io2 = o2_begin; io1 != o1_end; ++io1, ++io2)
>  {
> // Do something with *io1 and *io2, for instance:
> // *io1 += *io2;
> }
> }
> 
> This is all nice: any object having a forward iterator works in there.
> 
> Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
> would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
> read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
> 
> io1 = iter(object1)
> io2 = iter(object2)
> 
> try:
>   while 1:
>     io1.next() += io2.next()
> except StopIteration:
>   pass
> 
> That won't work:
> SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
> 
> Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?

You need a temporary variable (out in the example below):

>>> accus = [[] for i in range(3)]
>>> ins = ("abc" for i in range(3))
>>> outs = iter(accus)
>>> while 1:
...     out = outs.next()
...     out += ins.next()
...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
StopIteration

In idiomatic Python that becomes

>>> accus = [[] for i in range(3)]
>>> ins = ("abc" for i in range(3))
>>> outs = iter(accus)
>>> from itertools import izip
>>> for out, in_ in izip(outs, ins):
...     out += in_
...
>>> accus
[['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b', 'c']]


Peter



From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:32:11 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:32:11 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I've just found this :

If I add :

"import core, data, ui" inside my  "tom/__init__.py" file, it will
work. But this line does not seems to exist in other files (after
having a look at several files inside /usr/lib/python2.4).



From benhongh at yahoo.com.au  Mon Jul 31 06:54:33 2006
From: benhongh at yahoo.com.au (benben)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:54:33 +1000
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cde174$0$25358$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>

You are heading the wrong way...

There are a number of ways to implement this but the easiest I can think 
of is to use RTTI.

To get around with counting sub-objects you can rely on virtual 
inheritance, which only happens at the top of the inheritance tree.

Here is a simple demo:

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <map>

class count
{
   public:
     typedef std::map<const std::type_info*, unsigned int> counts_t;
     static counts_t counts;

     const std::type_info* ti;

     static unsigned int get_count(const std::type_info& c)
         {return counts[&c];}

     count(const std::type_info& c):ti(&c){++counts[ti];}
     ~count(){--counts[ti];}
};

count::counts_t count::counts;

class c1: virtual private count
{
     public: c1(): count(typeid(c1)){}
};

class c2: public c1, virtual private count
{
     public: c2(): count(typeid(c2)){}
};

int main()
{
     c1 t1[3];
     c2 t2[5];

     std::cout << count::get_count(typeid(c1)) << "\n";
               << count::get_count(typeid(c2)) << "\n";

     return 0;
}


From nospam at example.com  Sun Jul  2 17:41:37 2006
From: nospam at example.com (Adam)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:41:37 +1200
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
Message-ID: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>


Where should a py newbie start to do some 2D graphs on screen ? 

PythonGraphApi, 
Gato, looks interesting 
pygraphlib, 
matplotlib, 

is there a best native Python place to start ? 


        


From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Wed Jul 26 05:43:14 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:43:14 +0200
Subject: Missing rotor module
References: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>
	<1153855346.385380.320400@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.26.09.43.07.492012@yahoo.fr>

Le Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:22:26 -0700, Nick Vatamaniuc a ?crit?:

> Unfortunately rotor has been deprecated but it hasn't been replaced
> with anything reasonable as far as encryption goes -- there are just a
> bunch of hashing funtions (sha, md5) only. If you need to replace rotor
> all together I would sugest the crypto library from:
> 
> http://www.amk.ca/python/code/crypto.html
> 
> It has  good encryption algorithms like AES, IDEA and others.
> 
> I know it doesn't have rotor, because rotor is not a very good
> encryption algorithm -- I still don't know why it was ever included in
> Python. So refactor your code if you can to use AES for example.
> 
> But of course if you have bunch of data encrypted with rotor that your
> program need to decrypt you can use this replacement found on
> mail.python.org:
> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-January/261304.html
> It is much slower because it was written in Python while the original
> rotor was in C, and I am not sure if it is _exactly_ the same.
> 
> Good luck,
> Nick V.
> 
> 
> rony steelandt wrote:
>> I'm in the midle of porting a python 1.5 application to 2.4
>>
>> I just discovered that the rotor encryption module isn't part anymore of
>> the 2.4 distribution.
>>
>> Is there a way to add this module to 2.4, or what would be the simplest
>> way to replace this.
>> The existing application makes use of the rotor module everywhere, which
>> means in a lot of modules.
>> 
>> Thanks for any ideas
>> 
>> Rony

Thank you Nick
At least I can read the existing data.
i'll evaluate if i should continu to use this or implement another
encryption.

Rony



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Mon Jul 24 14:05:53 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 20:05:53 +0200
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8479.1153763740.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>	<ea3046$9vg$1@eeyore.INS.cwru.edu>
	<mailman.8479.1153763740.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c50c06$0$22015$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Gerhard Fiedler schrieb:
> On 2006-07-24 14:30:31, Brian Beck wrote:
> 
>> Michael Yanowitz wrote:
>>>    Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
>>> it is not possible to overload functions in Python. That
>>> is I can't have a
>>>   def func1 (int1, string1):
>>>    and a
>>>   def func1 (int1, int3, string1, string2):
>>>     without the second func1 overwriting the first.
>> Correct.
> 
> Can you write a function that accepts any number of arguments? And then
> branch based on the number of arguments supplied?
> 
> I guess you can do that with a list as only argument. But can that be done
> using the "normal" function argument notation?

I guess you mean something like

   func1(int1, arg2, *args):
       if len(args) == 2:
          ...
       elif not args:
          ...
       else:
          raise ...


Stefan


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:23:45 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:23:45 +0200
Subject: Multiplatform scripts: Can I avoid os.sep?
In-Reply-To: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95viu$fcu$2@sea.gmane.org>

gmax2006 wrote:

> I am developing scripts that must run on both Linux and windows.
> 
> My scripts contain lots of relative paths (such as log\\log.txt or
> ctl\\table.ctl) If I use os.sep, it makes the code ugly. Is there any
> tips or techniques to have Python automatically converts \\ to / when
> the script runs on Linux? What is the best way to deal with this
> situation?

forward slashes work just fine on Windows too, in almost all cases.

(for the few cases when they don't work, use os.path.normpath and 
friends to fix them up).

</F>



From mark.dufour at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 08:13:40 2006
From: mark.dufour at gmail.com (Mark Dufour)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 14:13:40 +0200
Subject: slow non-blocking reads
In-Reply-To: <8180ef690606290927u7be4663dpe99ab59844245e6d@mail.gmail.com>
References: <8180ef690606290927u7be4663dpe99ab59844245e6d@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <8180ef690607030513s7f525ec1l6890280c0cdf4523@mail.gmail.com>

interestingly, leaving out the fcntl stuff makes it work much faster.
it seems to block only sometimes now, for just a moment, but on the
whole the performance is acceptable now.

On 6/29/06, Mark Dufour <mark.dufour at gmail.com> wrote:
> hello all,
>
> I am trying to fire up a child process using os.popen2, and have the
> parent and child communicate in a non-blocking fashion. it works, but
> somehow it's unbearably slow. the following simulates a blocking
> readline:
>
> import os, fcntl
>
> fi, fo = os.popen2('./child')
> fcntl.fcntl(fo.fileno(), fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NONBLOCK)
>
> def getline():
>     line = ''
>     while 1:
>         try:
>             line += os.read(fo.fileno(), 1)
>             if line.endswith('\n'):
>                 return line
>         except OSError:
>             pass
>
> print getline()
>
> while 1:
>     fi.write('echo echo echo\n')
>     fi.flush()
>     print getline()
>
> and this is the child process, written in C:
>
>         tcgetattr(0, &tty);
>         tty.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
>         tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
>         tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
>         tcsetattr(0, TCSADRAIN, &tty);
>
>         fds[0].fd = 0;
>         fds[0].events = POLLIN;
>
>         fcntl(0, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
>
>         printf("start\n");
>         fflush(stdout);
>
>         while(1) {
>                 if( poll(fds, 1, 0) > 0) {
>                     if((fds[0].fd == 0) && (fds[0].revents & POLLIN)) {
>                         read(0, &c, 1);
>
>                         printf("%c", c);
>                         fflush(stdout);
>                     }
>                 }
>         }
>
> the child sends a 'start' message and then echoes the parent.
>
> any thoughts about why this runs extremely slowly?
>
>
> thanks!
> mark dufour.
> --
> if vars: self.output('; '.join([self.type(var)+' '+name for (name,var)
> in vars.items()])+';')
>


-- 
if vars: self.output('; '.join([self.type(var)+' '+name for (name,var)
in vars.items()])+';')


From support at mathworks.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 20:43:24 2006
From: support at mathworks.co.uk (support at mathworks.co.uk)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 20:43:24 -0400
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 4
Message-ID: <200608010043.k710hOC00593@mail-vif.mathworks.com>

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Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 4   

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From juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi  Sun Jul 23 12:01:08 2006
From: juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi (Juho Schultz)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:01:08 -0700
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153670468.884370.67400@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Jean_Francois Moulin wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I tried this piece of code (FWIW, it was taken as is from a help section of mpfit, a mathematical routine for least square fitting):
>
> parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 'limits':[0.,0.]}]*6

> The first line builds a list of six dictionaries with initialised keys.

> This is not so!
> I end up with all dictionaries being identical and having their 'fixed' key set to 1, and limited[0]==1 and limits[0]==50.
>
> I do not understand this behaviour...
>
> Thanks for helping a newbie.
>
> JF


xvec = [{'value':0}]*6
xids = [id(x) for x in xvec]
print xids

Should print a list of six integers, all equal.
So all elements in your list are the same.

Another way to construct the desired list:

yvec = [{'value':0} for i in range(6)]
yids = [id(y) for y in yvec]
print yids

The elements in this list should be all different.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 14:32:23 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 20:32:23 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
> In message <1153493473.101466.290110 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, T wrote:
> 
> 
>>I am using an optparse to get command line options, and then pass them
>>to an instance of another class:
>>
>>
>>
>># Class that uses optparse.OptionParser
>>foo = Parse_Option()
>>
>># Class that does the real work
>>bar = Processor()
>>
>>bar.index = foo.options.index
>>bar.output  = foo.options.output
>>bar.run()
>>
>>
>>
>>This works, but it feels hokey or unnatural to "pass" data from one
>>class to another.  Isn't there a better way???
> 
> 
> I don't see the problem. 

The problem is setting bar attributes from the outside IMHO. Which is 
easily solved by passing the relevant stuff either at instanciation time 
or at call time.

> If you're calling a number of different routines in
> the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
> sense to only pass it once.

Actually they are not "passed".


From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:34:08 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:34:08 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
In-Reply-To: <1153304976.546230.316970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153304976.546230.316970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153316047.954314.324590@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


bearophileHUGS at lycos.com skrev:

> alfa1234:
> > Does anyone know and equalent way to confirm a Variable from the same
> > property file using PYTHON code ???
>
> Using globals(), locals(), and dir() you can find if your name exists
> already.
>
> Bye,
> bearophile

Hi bearophile !!
Thanks for the answer..Tried to use these methods, but with no luck.

What needed is a way for my code to look at the external property file
with the lines:
>>earProject = sgs-procDist
>>Appname = SGSProcedure

and accept "earProject"  and  "Appname"  as a Variable if they exist...

Can Y help here..??
Rgds alfa1234



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul  5 09:58:40 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 06:58:40 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
Message-ID: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

>From this interesting blog entry by Lawrence Oluyede:
http://www.oluyede.org/blog/2006/07/05/europython-day-2/
and the Py3.0 PEPs, I think the people working on Py3.0 are doing a
good job, I am not expert enough (so I don't post this on the Py3.0
mailing list), but I agree with most of the things they are agreeing
to. Few notes:

- input() vanishes and raw_input() becomes sys.stdin.readline(). I
think a child that is learning to program with Python can enjoy
something simpler: input() meaning what raw_input() means today.


- dict.keys() and items() returns a set view

This is being discussed here too a lot, I agree that they will just
become equivalent to iterkeys() and iteritems().


- dict.values() a bag (multiset) view

I think this isn't a good idea, I think bags can be useful but in this
situation they make things too much complex.


http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3100/#core-language :
- Set literals and comprehensions: {x} means set([x]); {x, y} means
set([x, y]). {F(x) for x in S if P(x)} means set(F(x) for x in S if
P(x)). NB. {range(x)} means set([range(x)]), NOT set(range(x)). There's
no literal for an empty set; use set() (or {1}&{2} :-). There's no
frozenset literal; they are too rarely needed.

I like the idea of set literals, but using {1:2} for dicts and {1, 2}
for sets may look a bit confusing.
And using {} for the empty dict is confusing even more, newbies will
use it a lot for empty sets. Maybe the {:} for the empty dict and {}
for the empty set are a bit better.
Maybe a better syntax can be use a different denotator, to distinguis
the two structures better. Some possibilities are nice looking but not
easy to type:
?1, 2?
Other may be confused with bitwise operators:
|1, 2|
Others are bad looking and not easy to type (some nationalized
keyboards don't have the `):
?1, 2?
`1, 2`
Some of them are too much long:
<<<1, ,2>>>
Maybe using two nested like this is better (you can't put a dict or set
in a set, so there are no ambiguities):
{{1, 2}}

I don't have a definitive good solution, but I think that adopting a
bad solution is worse than using set(...). Set literals are cute but
not necessary. Choosing things that increase the probability of bugs
isn't good.

---------------------

In the past I have suggested other possibilities for Py3.0, nothing
really important, but few things can be interesting.

- cmp() (or comp(), comp4(), etc) returns 4 values (<, ==, >, not
comparable).
- do - while.
- NOT OR AND XOR as bitwise operators syntax.
- Better syntax for octals and hex numbers.
- obj.copy() and obj.deepcopy() methods for all objects.
- Simplification and unification of string formatting (I have seen they
are working on this already).
- Intersection and subtraction among dicts.

Less important things:
- More human syntax for REs
- Optional auto stripping of newlines during an iteration on a file.
- String split that accepts a sequence of separators too.
- a function in the math library to test for approximate FP equality.
- something in cmath to do a better conversion of polar<->cartesian
complex number conversion
- xpermutations and xcombinations generators in the standard library.

Bye,
bearophile



From strombrg at dcs.nac.uci.edu  Wed Jul 19 13:54:15 2006
From: strombrg at dcs.nac.uci.edu (Dan Stromberg)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:54:15 GMT
Subject: sysadmin -> python programmer
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.17.54.21.129104@dcs.nac.uci.edu>


I've been a sysadmin for about 13 years, but I'm realizing that my
favorite part of being a sysadmin are those moments where there's a reason
to write some code - preferably in python.

What might one do to make the transition from sysadmin to python
programmer, aside from the basics like coming up with a python heavy
resume and putting some python projects on the web?

Thanks!




From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 10:41:30 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 11:41:30 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>	<mailman.8545.1153856994.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c91bff$0$29881$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8640.1154047707.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c9b5d4$0$30124$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <16lpifnqieexv$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-28 04:07:20, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
>> Isn't being on the LHS (of an assignment) the only way to (re)bind a
>> variable?
> 
> <pedantic>
> s/variable/name/
> </pedantic>

Ok, I missed this one :)

>> Are there situations where binding happens without an explicit
>> assignment with the variable name being on the LHS?
> 
> Assignment aside, binding occurs:
> 
> 1/ on evaluation of import, class and def statement
> 2/ on function call for the function's arguments
> 3/ as a result of a list comp or for loop:

Sounds intuitive enough.

>> Can the object referenced by a variable name get changed without the
>> variable name appearing on the LHS?
> 
>  >>> a = []
>  >>> id(a)
> 1078043820
>  >>> def change(l):
> ...     l.append(42)
> ...
>  >>> change(a)
>  >>> a
> [42]
>  >>> id(a)
> 1078043820
>  >>>
> 
> First assignment aside, the *name* 'a' is never on the LHS of an 
> assignment, yet the object referenced by name 'a' got 'changed' : it was 
> initially empty, after call to change() it contains an int.
> 
> Yes, I know, this is not what you meant (and no, name 'a' has not been 
> rebound) - but that's really what you asked :  the object referenced by 
> name 'a' got changed without name 'a' being on the LHS !-) 

What I meant here is whether the object can be a different one than before
(the object gets changed like a shirt before dinner, not like the color of
crabs during cooking), without it being caused by being on the LHS of an
assignment (or any of the other possibilities you listed above). That was
more an ambiguity in the language...

> I think your intented question was more like : "can a name be rebound 
> without that name being on the LHS of an assignment", [...]

Yes. 

> and it's addressed above

I'll have to experiment a bit and come up with an example of what I'm
thinking of. But it seems that what I was thinking of doesn't make sense in
the light of my better understanding of binding :)

Thanks for your help. Binding seems to be one of the more crucial concepts
to master before understanding how Python works. One of the first things I
wondered (this is slightly related) is whether it wouldn't be really good
to make the difference between mutable and immutable objects more obvious. 

Gerhard



From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Sat Jul  8 10:20:31 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 16:20:31 +0200
Subject: Search for python-tool to parse Javascript code...
Message-ID: <e8oerp$drk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

Hey,

I need a tool for python to create dynamic links from a javascript.

Thx,

Spooky


From heuristic at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 12:09:59 2006
From: heuristic at gmail.com (Alex Biddle)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 17:09:59 +0100
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <20060703131021.29014.2075759424.divmod.quotient.20715@ohm>
References: <45e0ec7b0607030541r72730360u805041634101878e@mail.gmail.com>
	<20060703131021.29014.2075759424.divmod.quotient.20715@ohm>
Message-ID: <45e0ec7b0607030909i27841ec8tddb978f22e788398@mail.gmail.com>

Hey, thanks for the reply Jean-Paul.

That's pretty cool knowing that Python 2.5 will have it out of the
box, however what about basic out-of-the-box functionality in 2.4 (or
even older)?

In all my other experiences Python comes with a lot of tools already
available, it seems odd not to have basic database functionality
installed as default.

On 7/3/06, Jean-Paul Calderone <exarkun at divmod.com> wrote:
> On Mon, 3 Jul 2006 13:41:24 +0100, Alex Biddle <heuristic at gmail.com> wrote:
> >Hey there.
> >
> >I was wondering whether Python had any support out-of-the-box for
> >database functionality, or database-like functionality.
> >
> >For instance a lot of shared hosts have Python installed, but not the
> >MySQL extension, the flexible of these would install it, but most of
> >the time they wouldn't bother.
> >
> >I was really looking for something like SQLite which ships bundled
> >with PHP these days. Or any standard way of connecting to generic
> >databases out of the box, i.e. MySQL.
>
> See these Python 2.5 docs:
>
>   http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/module-sqlite3.html
>
> Jean-Paul
> --


From http  Mon Jul 17 07:12:23 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 04:12:23 -0700
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xejwka3jc.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Claus Tondering" <claus.tondering at gmail.com> writes:
> The TCP communication takes place in a separate thread. When I receive
> data, I generate an event in the Python application thus:
> 
>     app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>")

I think all bets are off when you do that.  Tkinter is simply not
thread safe and generating events from another thread can trigger race
conditions and who knows.  You need to self-generate events in the
gui thread with (e.g.) Tk.after, and have those events check for news
from the TCP thread.  You could do that with a semaphore, or more
pythonically with a Queue.


From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul  1 19:56:10 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 01:56:10 +0200
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gogd5F1oku54U1@uni-berlin.de>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com schrieb:
> ya know, I've searched for these "new classes" at least five times.
> I've heard all the wonderful things about how they make your life into
> a piece of chocolate with rainbows sprinkled in it.  Never once have I
> found a site that explains what syntax to use to make these new
> classes.

I doubt that.

google: new style classes python

second match:

http://www.geocities.com/foetsch/python/new_style_classes.htm


Happy reading.

Diez


From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 16:17:19 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:17:19 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

fuzzylollipop wrote:
>
> you can make the usage line anything you want.
>
> ...
> usage = 'This is a line before the usage line\nusage %prog [options]
> input_file'
> parser = OptionsParser(usage=usage)
> parser.print_help()
> ...
>

No, that affects the string printed only *after* the "usage = " string.
 What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
So I would like to make it look like this:

% myprog.py -h
************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING ************
usage: myprog.py [options] input_file


options:
  -h, --help             show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
  -o FILE               Output file



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 07:41:01 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:41:01 +0100
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BE1A4D.2000002@holdenweb.com>

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
> 
>>It should be quite simple: you need to handle EVT_SET_FOCUS and/or
>>EVT_KILL_FOCUS events (documented in the wxPython docs) to know when to
>>recaclulate the values. Sounds like that should be enough of a hint to you.
> 
> 
> I've tried that, but it doesn't work. Here is the test code:
> 
>     self.PlantCtrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "")
> 
>     self.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl,
> self.PlantCtrl)
> 
>     def OnUpdatePlantCtrl(self, event):
>         print "set Plant"
> 
> When the control loses focus, I don't get the message in the console.
> I'm trapping other events successfuly elsewhere using similar code.
> 
This would probably be a good question for the wxPython list then - you 
are clearly in some little-known area of swamp ;-)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Tue Jul 25 13:48:24 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 17:48:24 GMT
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <IPsxg.5213$Cn6.508@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
news:mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list at python.org...
> Hi,
>
>       Below your solution ready to run. Put get_statistics () in a loop
that feeds it the names from your file, makes an ouput file
> name from it and passes both 'statistics' and the ouput file name to
file_statistics ().
>
> Cheers,
>
> Frederic
>
What Perlish line noise is this?

    Tag_Stripper = SE.SE('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=" ')

A pyparsing version certainly wont fit in two lines, but at least I'll still
respect myself in the morning, *and* 6 months from now...  (Unfortunately,
I'm loath to post the pyparsing program, given the target site's TOS -
sorry.)

-- Paul




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 04:15:54 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:15:54 +0200
Subject: Object Persistence Using a File System
In-Reply-To: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
References: <1O%sg.3749$wZ.3322@trndny01>
Message-ID: <44b4afbb$0$5502$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Chris Spencer wrote:
> Before I get too carried away with something that's probably
> unnecessary, please allow me to throw around some ideas. I've been
> looking for a method of transparent, scalable, and human-readable object
> persistence, and I've tried the standard lib's Shelve, Zope's ZODB,
> Divmod's Axiom, and others. However, while they're all useful, none
> satisfies all my criteria. So I started writing some toy code of my own:
> http://paste.plone.org/5227
> 
> All my code currently does is transparently keep track of object changes
> without requiring any special coding on part of the user, and a function
> to convert an object to a file system hierarchy of folders and files.
> Please, let me know what you think.

As you say, using filesystem for fine-grained persistance may not be the
most efficient solution. I also wonder how (if...) you intend to address
concurrent R/W access and transactions...

A few observations and questions :
- you should avoid tests on concrete types as much as possible - at
least use isinstance
- tuples are immutable containers. What about them ?
- what about multiple references to a same object ?

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From R.Brodie at rl.ac.uk  Wed Jul  5 06:00:48 2006
From: R.Brodie at rl.ac.uk (Richard Brodie)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 11:00:48 +0100
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
References: <rdrqg.686$RG3.13381@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
	<WVLqg.689$RG3.13375@se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>
Message-ID: <e8g2kh$bf$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>


"Mathias Waack" <M.Waack at gmx.de> wrote in message 
news:WVLqg.689$RG3.13375 at se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net...

> BTW, does anybody know why the c-lib offers both log and log1p?

So you can get a sensible answer computing log(1 + 10 ^ -30). There's
a lot of somewhat obscure mathematical stuff that got into the standard
C lib. How often do you need Bessel functions? 




From sriramk at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 15:27:43 2006
From: sriramk at gmail.com (Sriram  Krishnan)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 12:27:43 -0700
Subject: urllib2 on Windows Vista
Message-ID: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm running Python 2.4.3 on Windows Vista June CTP. I'm not able to
open any site using the urllib2 and related family of modules

Here's what I get

>>> import urllib2
>>> urllib2.urlopen("http://www.microsoft.com")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 130, in urlopen
    return _opener.open(url, data)
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 358, in open
    response = self._open(req, data)
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 376, in _open
    '_open', req)
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 337, in _call_chain
    result = func(*args)
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 1021, in http_open
    return self.do_open(httplib.HTTPConnection, req)
  File "D:\python24\lib\urllib2.py", line 996, in do_open
    raise URLError(err)
urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error (11001, 'getaddrinfo failed')>

Is this a known issue on Windows Vista?

Thanks,
Sriram



From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 17 14:40:43 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 20:40:43 +0200
Subject: Problem with sub-classing
References: <mailman.8261.1153159670.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9glir$c47$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Bernard Lebel wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> I have this problem when subclassing classes where I get this error:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> 
> File "<Script Block >", line 344, in BBExportElementGranules_Execute
>     from bb_pipeline import bb_exportelementgranules
> 
> File
>
"\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_exportelementgranules.py",
> line 101, in ?
>     oWriter = bbExportGranules()
> 
> File
>
"\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_granules\bb_granuleexport\bb_granuleexport_element.py",
> line 73, in __init__
>     bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
> 
> TypeError: unbound method __init__() must be called with bbExportMeta
> instance as first argument (got bbExportGranules instance instead)
>  - [line 343 in
>
\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\plugins\bb_pipeline\bb_pipeline_py.py]
> 
> 
> In normal English:
> 
> I have class bbExportGranules
> bbExportGranules is a sub-class of 6 other classes
> In the __init__() of bbExportGranules class, I call the __init__() of
> 5 of these super-classes.
> 
> 
> The init of bbExportGranules:
> 
> class bbExportGranules( bbExportMeta, bbExportClusters,
> bbExportMaterials, bbExportKinematics, bbExportModels, bbExportMetaToc
> ):
> 
> def __init__( self ):
> 
> bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
> bbExportClusters.__init__( self )
> bbExportMaterials.__init__( self )
> bbExportKinematics.__init__( self )
> bbExportModels.__init__( self )
> 
> 
> And the bbExportMeta class (the error is raised when bbExportGranules
> is subclassing that one):
> 
> class bbExportMeta:
> 
> def __init__( self ):
> 
> self.iPreviousAssetVersion = gec.iNOPREVIOUSASSETVERSION
> self.iCurrentAssetVersion = gec.iMINCURRENTASSETVERSION
> self.sPreviousAssetProject = xsi.getdefaultproject()
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Any suggestion? I really, really don't see what I'm doing wrong here,
> especially that it actually used to work!

Change bbExportGranules to

class bbExportGranules( bbExportMeta, bbExportClusters,
bbExportMaterials, bbExportKinematics, bbExportModels, bbExportMetaToc
):
????????
????????def __init__(self,  bbExportMeta=bbExportMeta): # the only change
????????????????
????????????????bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
????????????????bbExportClusters.__init__( self )
????????????????bbExportMaterials.__init__( self )
????????????????bbExportKinematics.__init__( self )
????????????????bbExportModels.__init__( self )

If it then starts to work again you are probably rebinding bbExportMeta
later in your script, e. g:

>>> class A:
...     def method(self): pass
...
>>> class B(A):
...     def method(self):
...             A.method(self)
...
>>> b = B()
>>> b.method() # no error
>>> class A: # rebinding A
...     def method(self): pass
...
>>> b.method() # oops
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in method
TypeError: unbound method method() must be called with A instance as first
argument (got B instance instead)

One way to make that happen is to import the same file twice, once as part
of a package and once directly. Solution: never set a path into a
package...

Peter



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 19 11:30:36 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:30:36 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
Message-ID: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
upstream and downstream of it, i.e.

supply = supply()
compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
etc.

the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
(compressor is referenced before creation).


aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?

Dave



From cjw at sympatico.ca  Sun Jul 30 08:35:44 2006
From: cjw at sympatico.ca (Colin J. Williams)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 08:35:44 -0400
Subject: class variables
In-Reply-To: <7008329d0607271421m40d34558u8654de80a89d94b0@mail.gmail.com>
References: <7008329d0607271421m40d34558u8654de80a89d94b0@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <eai99m$417$1@sea.gmane.org>

Andre Meyer wrote:
> Hi all
> 
> I am trying to understand the magic of Python's class variables and 
> tried the following code (see below).
> 
> Just out of curiosity, I tried to define a property that provides access 
> to a seemingly instancae variable which is in fact a class variable. All 
> seems to work fine (case 4), but when a custom object is assigned, an 
> instance variable is created instead of using theproerty (case 5).
> 
> What goes wrong here? What is the difference between cases 4 and 5? How 
> can case 5 be fixed?
> 
> thanks a lot for your help
> Andre
> 
> Code Listing
> =========
> 
> print; print "*** Case 1 ***"; print
> 
> class C1(object):
>    
>     v = None
>    
>     def __init__(self, value):
>         print '-', self.v
>         self.v = value
>    
>     def value(self):
>         return self.v
>    
> a1 = C1(1)
> b1 = C1(2)
> print a1.value()
> 
> print; print "*** Case 2 ***"; print
> 
> class C2(object):
>    
>     v = None
>    
>     def __init__(self, value):
>         print '-', self.v
>         self.__class__.v = value
>    
>     def value(self):
>         return self.__class__.v
>    
> a2 = C2(1)
> b2 = C2(2)
> print a2.value()
> 
> print; print "*** Case 3 ***"; print
> 
> class C3(object):
>    
>     v = 5
>    
>     def __init__(self, value):
>         print '-', self.v
>         self.v = self.v + value
>    
>     def value(self):
>         return self.v
>    
> a3 = C3(1)
> b3 = C3(2)
> print a3.value()
> print a3.v
> print a3.__class__.v
> 
> print; print "*** Case 4 ***"; print
> 
> class V4(list):
>     def work(self):
>         return 'done'
>    
> class C4(object):
>    
>     def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v   
>     def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
>     def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
>     v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
>     v = V4()
>    
>     def __init__(self, value):
> 
>         print '-', self.v
>         self.v.append(value)
>         print '+', self.v
>    
>     @classmethod
>     def value(self):
>         print self.v.work()
>         return self.v
>    
> 
> a4 = C4(1)
> b4 = C4(2)
> print a4.value()
> print a4.v
> print a4.__class__.v
> print a4.v.work()
> 
> 
> print; print "*** Case 5 ***"; print
> 
> class V5(object):
>     def __init__(self, i):
>         self.i = i
>        
>     def work(self):
>         return 'done', self.i
>    
> class C5(object):
>    
>     def __set_v(self, v): self.__class__.__v = v   
>     def __get_v(self): return self.__class__.__v
>     def __del_v(self): del self.__class__.__v
>     v = property(__get_v, __set_v, __del_v, 'make class variable')
>     v = None
>    
>     def __init__(self, value):
> 
>         print '-', self.v
>         self.v = V5(value)
>         print '+', self.v
> #        print self.__class__.__dict__
> #        print self.__dict__
>    
>     @classmethod
>     def value(self):
>         print self.v.work()
>         return self.v
>    
> 
> a5 = C5(1)
> b5 = C5(2)
> print a5.value()
> print a5.v
> print a5.__class__.v
> print a5.v.work()
> 
> 
> Output
> =====
> 
> 
> *** Case 1 ***
> 
> - None
> - None
> 1
> 
> *** Case 2 ***
> 
> - None
> - 1
> 2
> 
> *** Case 3 ***
> 
> - 5
> - 5
> 6
> 6
> 5
> 
> *** Case 4 ***
> 
> - []
> + [1]
> - [1]
> + [1, 2]
> done
> [1, 2]
> [1, 2]
> [1, 2]
> done
> 
> *** Case 5 ***
> 
> - None
> + <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE0D0>
> - None
> + <__main__.V5 object at 0x00AFE110>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "classvariables.py", line 121, in ?
>     print a5.value ()
>   File "classvariables.py", line 115, in value
>     print self.v.work()
> AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'work'
> 
Andr?,

I would have expected a5.v to be equal to b5.v, otherwise what is the 
value of a class variable?

I get:
[Dbg]>>> a5.v == b5.v
False

I hope that one of the wizards will respond.

Colin W.



From larry at hastings.org  Thu Jul 20 20:11:11 2006
From: larry at hastings.org (Larry Hastings)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 17:11:11 -0700
Subject: Bug? Certainly a new *behavior* from subprocess in 2.5 on Win32
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8386.1153437641.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8386.1153437641.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153440671.380564.185340@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Delaney, Timothy (Tim) wrote:
> Could you raise this as a bug on Sourceforge?

Done; it is "request ID" 1526203.

https://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1526203&group_id=5470&atid=105470

Cheers,


/larry/



From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 18:24:57 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:24:57 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
	<Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>

David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> This is true, but note that postconditions also need to be efficient
> if we are going to execute them.

If checked by execution, yes.  In which case, I am trying to get my head 
around how it's any more true to say that functional languages are 
compilable postconditions than to say the same of imperative languages.  
In both cases, some statement is asserted through a description of a 
means of computing it.  There may be a distinction worth making here, 
but I'm missing it so far.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 17 17:48:00 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:48:00 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>
	<1153161100.650922.110630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f259200b8db1bc09896a0@news.altopia.net>
	<1153170053.499642.14840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f25b37cb34eb3729896a1@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Yes, these *performance* issues make assignment prohibitive for
> real-world use, at least if we are talking about data management
> in the large. This is not the same thing as saying the resulting
> language is a toy language, though; its semantics are quite
> interesting and possibly a better choice for *defining* the semantics
> of the imperative operations than directly modelling the imperative
> operations. (Or maybe not.) In any event, it's worth thinking about,
> even if performance considerations make it not worth implementing.

My "toy language" comment was directed at a language that I mistakenly 
thought you were proposing, but that you really weren't.  You can ignore 
it, and all the corresponding comments about assignment being less 
powerful, etc.  I was apparently not skilled at communication when I 
tried to say that in the last message.

It is, perhaps, worth thinking about.  My assertion here (which I think 
I've backed up, but there's been enough confusion that I'm not surprised 
if it was missed) is that the underlying reasons that performance might 
be poor for this language are a superset of the performance problems 
caused by aliasing.  Hence, when discussing the problems caused by 
aliasing for the performance of language implementations (which I 
believe was at some point the discussion here), this isn't a 
particularly useful example.

It does, though, have the nice property of hiding the aliasing from the 
semantic model.  That is interesting and worth considering, but is a 
different conversation; and I don't know how to start it.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From umabhece at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 09:20:36 2006
From: umabhece at gmail.com (Vusi)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:20:36 -0700
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode for
	it).
Message-ID: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

/* $Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $ */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 David Young.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code was written by David Young.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 * conditions are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *    with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
 *    software must display the following acknowledgement:
 *      This product includes software developed by David Young.
 * 4. David Young's name may not be used to endorse or promote
 *    products derived from this software without specific prior
 *    written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY DAVID YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL DAVID
 * YOUNG BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
 * OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
#include <err.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#ifndef lint
__RCSID("$Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $");
#endif

void
usage(const char *proggie)
{
	errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Usage: %s <ip address>", proggie);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct in_addr addr;

	if (argc != 2 || !inet_aton(argv[1], &addr)) {
		usage(argv[0]);
	}

	(void)printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(addr));
	return 0;
}



From JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid  Sun Jul  2 04:11:46 2006
From: JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid (JohnJohnUSA)
Date: 02 Jul 2006 08:11:46 GMT
Subject: Request for addition to Preferences
References: <44a77693$0$79787$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
Message-ID: <44a77fc2$0$16365$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>

The site that I am referring to is the one that I used to post my
request located at:

http://www.nixforum.org/



From RayLang at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 07:40:48 2006
From: RayLang at gmail.com (Boomshiki)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 11:40:48 GMT
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>

I am aware that someone can recreate what we have done, but for them to cut, 
paste, sell is kind of a rip off.

And trust me, I am not worried about 16 yr olds using it without paying, why 
would they want to? I am worried about them cracking in to where their 
grades are kept. 




From justin.mailinglists at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 03:19:50 2006
From: justin.mailinglists at gmail.com (Justin Ezequiel)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 00:19:50 -0700
Subject: web app breakage with utf-8
References: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>
	<havra2t9rk2gbpffs76olefolvaebb11rs@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152256790.207263.184370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

replacing connection.character_set_name instance method seems to work
but is this the correct/preferred way?

>>> import MySQLdb
>>> MySQLdb.get_client_info()
'4.1.8'
>>> import sys
>>> sys.version
'2.3.4 (#53, May 25 2004, 21:17:02) [MSC v.1200 32 bit (Intel)]'
>>> sys.platform
'win32'
>>> cred = {'passwd': 'secret', 'host': 'myhost', 'db': 'mydb', 'user': 'justin'}
>>> insert = 'insert into unicodetest2 (foo) values (%s)'
>>> alpha = u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}'
>>> alpha
u'\u03b1'
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(insert, 'a')
1L
>>> conn.commit()
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(select)
1L
>>> cur.fetchall()
((9L, 'a'),)
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(insert, alpha)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "E:\Python23\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 95, in
execute
    return self._execute(query, args)
  File "E:\Python23\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\cursors.py", line 114, in
_execute
    self.errorhandler(self, exc, value)
  File "E:\Python23\Lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 33,
in defaulterrorhandler
    raise errorclass, errorvalue
LookupError: unknown encoding: latin1_swedish_ci
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> def character_set_name(*args, **kwargs): return 'utf-8'
...
>>> character_set_name()
'utf-8'
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> conn.character_set_name()
'latin1_swedish_ci'
>>> import new
>>> conn.character_set_name = new.instancemethod(character_set_name, conn, conn.__class__)
>>> conn.character_set_name()
'utf-8'
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(insert, alpha)
1L
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> conn.character_set_name()
'latin1_swedish_ci'
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(select)
2L
>>> cur.fetchall()
((10L, '\xce\xb1'), (9L, 'a'))
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(unicode='utf-8', **cred)
>>> conn.character_set_name()
'latin1_swedish_ci'
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(select)
2L
>>> cur.fetchall()
((10L, u'\u03b1'), (9L, u'a'))
>>> conn.close()
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect(**cred)
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute(select)
2L
>>> cur.fetchall()
((10L, '\xce\xb1'), (9L, 'a'))
>>> conn.close()
>>>



From mail at timgolden.me.uk  Thu Jul 13 15:39:54 2006
From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 20:39:54 +0100
Subject: WMI Help
In-Reply-To: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
References: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <44B6A18A.6060100@timgolden.me.uk>

3c273 wrote:
> Hello,
> When I run the following at an interactive interpreter on Windows XP, I get
> the expected results. But if I save it to a file and run it, it generates
> the following error. (And it generates the same error either way on Windows
> 2000)
> 
> import wmi
> c=wmi.WMI()
> for item in c.win32_PhysicalMedia():
>     print item

A couple of things:

+ As someone else has pointed out, Win32_PhysicalMedia
appears to be new to XP/2k3. (This happens quite a lot
with WMI classes; you need to check the small-print).
So that explains why it won't work on  your Win2K box
nor on mine.

+ In addition, the bit after the "c." (here, Win32_PhysicalMedia)
is case-sensitive. So you have to put c.Win32_PhysicalMedia
(notice the capital "W"). I'm not actually sure why this should
be, and when I get a moment I'll take a look at the code to
see, but it's true nonetheless.

Under the covers, the module is doing exactly what
Michel showed you in his second post (WMIS = GetObject etc.)

 > Strange that this does not return the serial number
 > reported by other hardware utilities (SIW for one) and on both of my
 > machines this number ends with 202020202020202020202020???

Strange indeed. Unfortunately, what you see is what you get
with WMI. I don't have access to an XP machine to test, but
let me know if this code doesn't work:

<code>
import wmi
c = wmi.WMI ()
for item in c.Win32_PhysicalMedia ():
   print item

</code>

Good luck with WMI

TJG


From olanglois at sympatico.ca  Mon Jul 31 13:23:12 2006
From: olanglois at sympatico.ca (Olivier Langlois)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 10:23:12 -0700
Subject: Problem with using unittest module
Message-ID: <1154366592.428900.302030@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have the following statement in my test :

self.assertRaises(CDKeyException, ValidationObject.Validate,
1001,'NonExistantKey')

and the test fails as if assertRaises was not catching the thrown
exception:

======================================================================
ERROR: test (DBLookupValidationTests.DBLookupValidationTests)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File
"C:\Dev\jade.r12sp\src\RVPackages\CDKey\Server\DBLookupValidationTests.py",
line 64, in test
    self.assertRaises(CDKeyException, ValidationObject.Validate,
1001,'NonExistantKey')
  File "C:\tools\Python\lib\unittest.py", line 320, in failUnlessRaises
    callableObj(*args, **kwargs)
  File
"C:\Dev\jade.r12sp\src/Services/local/Home\Scripts/system\CDKey\DBLookupValidation.py",
line 69, in Validate
    raise CDKeyException, self.logger.error(e) CDKeyException

Any idea what is happening?

Thanks,
Olivier Langlois
http://www.olivierlanglois.net



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 04:54:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:54:43 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><mailman.8083.1152721586.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152747231.862285.86080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e951oi$3b0$1@sea.gmane.org>

kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:

>> depending on your application, a bloom filter might be a good enough:
>>
>>      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter
>>
>
> Thanks (everyone) for the comments.  I like the idea of the bloom
> filter or using an md5 hash, since a rare collision will not be a
> show-stopper in my case.

btw, since my brain is on vacation, could anyone who already has all the necessary
background information in their head (Paul?) tell me if using a chopped-up MD5 or
SHA-1 (or whatever) digest as the hash functions for a bloom filter is a good idea...

i.e. something like:

    import sha

    try:
        all
    except NameError:
        def all(S):
             for x in S:
                 if not x:
                    return False
             return True

    def digest(data):
        d = sha.sha(data).digest()
        return [d[i:i+4] for i in range(0, len(d), 4)]

    class bloom(object):

        def __init__(self):
            self.filter = [set() for i in range(len(digest("")))]

        def add(self, data):
            for s, p in zip(self.filter, digest(data)):
                s.add(p)
        def __contains__(self, data):

            return all(p in s for s, p in zip(self.filter, digest(data)))

    b = bloom()
    b.add("showbiz")
    b.add("absolution")
    print "hullaballo" in b
    print "showbiz" in b
    print "origin of symmetry" in b

(and if this isn't a good idea, why it isn't).

</F> 





From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 04:32:06 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 01:32:06 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152433925.983456.117800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Frank Millman wrote:
> Paddy wrote:
> > Hi,
> > I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
> > int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
> > explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
> > similar circumstances.
> >
>
> With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
> deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
> get Unbound Local Error.
>
> With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to, as it
> is mutable. Therefore Python looks in the global namespace, finds n
> there, and uses it successfully.
>
> My 2c
>
> Frank Millman
So, to paraphrase to test my understanding:

in the statement: ' n[0] = n[0] + 1' it is the object referenced by the
name n that is being assigned to rather than n itself, so n is not
'tagged' as a local variable by the LHS of the assignment.

Thanks Frank. all is is now clear :-)



From shane at hathawaymix.org  Mon Jul 10 00:53:20 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:53:20 -0600
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <312cfe2b0607070829i7db38f2fy894f2880eb7715f5@mail.gmail.com>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>	
	<44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>	
	<312cfe2b0607070809p6ff6bf1araadb631fa7b4d9af@mail.gmail.com>	
	<44AE7ABA.50409@hathawaymix.org>
	<312cfe2b0607070829i7db38f2fy894f2880eb7715f5@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44B1DD40.207@hathawaymix.org>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> Shane Wrote:
>> Ah, so you also want to distribute untrusted Python code.  That's fairly
>> hard.  There's a discussion about it on Python-Dev right now.
> 
> Well, I want to write a game in Pygame, and people can just go to my
> website and play it within their browser.  I guess that would be
> untrusted code?

If they download your code with the plugin, your code is trusted.  If
they download it separately in a browser session, it's untrusted.  So
one way to get started quickly is to just mix your code with the plugin,
and not attempt to enable execution of untrusted code.

Shane


From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 23:53:54 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 20:53:54 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
	<1154051379.088895.266910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154058834.457234.194930@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

It seems that both ways are here to stay. If one was so much inferior
and problem-prone, we won't be talking about it now, it would have been
forgotten on the same shelf with a stack of punch cards.

The rule of thumb is 'the right tool for the right job.'

Threading model is very useful for long CPU-bound processing, as it can
potentially take advantage of multiple CPUs/Cores (alas not in Python
now because of GIL). The events will not work as well here. But note,
if there is not much sharing of resources between threads processes
could be used! It turns out that there are very few cases where threads
are simply indispensable.

The event model is usually well suited for I/O or for any large number
of shared resources occurs that would require lots of synchronizations
if threads would be used.

DBMS' are not a good example of typical large, so 'saying see DBMS use
threads -- therefore threads are better' doesn't make a good example.
DBMS are highly optimized, only a few of them actually manage to
successfully take advantage of the multiple execution units. One could
as well cite a hundred of other projects and say 'see it uses an event
model -- therefore event models are better' and so on. Again "right
tool for the right job". A good programmer should know both...

> And consequently, to use Twisted you rewrite all your code as
> those 'deferred' things.
>
Then, try re-writing Twisted using threads in the same number of lines
having the same or better performance.  I bet you'll end up having a
whole bunch of 'locks', 'waits' and 'notify's instead of a bunch of
"those 'deferred' things." Debugging all those threads should be a
project in an of itself.

-Nick


bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> mark wrote:
> > The debate should not be about "threads vs processes", it should be
> > about "threads vs events".
>
> We are so lucky as to have both debates.
>
> > Dr. John Ousterhout (creator of Tcl,
> > Professor of Comp Sci at UC Berkeley, etc), started a famous debate
> > about this 10 years ago with the following simple presentation.
> >
> > http://home.pacbell.net/ouster/threads.pdf
>
> The Ousterhout school finds multiple lines of execution
> unmanageable, while the Tannenbaum school finds asynchronous I/O
> unmanageable.
>
> What's so hard about single-line-of-control (SLOC) event-driven
> programming? You can't call anything that might block. You have to
> initiate the operation, store all the state you'll need in order
> to pick up where you left off, then return all the way back to the
> event dispatcher.
>
> > That sentiment has largely been ignored and thread usage dominates but,
> > if you have been programming for as long as I have, and have used both
> > thread based architectures AND event/reactor/callback based
> > architectures, then that simple presentation above should ring very
> > true. Problem is, young people merely equate newer == better.
>
> Newer? They're both old as the trees. That can't be why the whiz
> kids like them. Threads and process rule because of their success.
>
> > On large systems and over time, thread based architectures often tend
> > towards chaos.
>
> While large SLOC event-driven systems surely tend to chaos. Why?
> Because they *must* be structured around where blocking operations
> can happen, and that is not the structure anyone would choose for
> clarity, maintainability and general chaos avoidance.
>
> Even the simplest of modular structures, the procedure, gets
> broken. Whether you can encapsulate a sequence of operations in a
> procedure depends upon whether it might need to do an operation
> that could block.
>
> Going farther, consider writing a class supporting overriding of
> some method. Easy; we Pythoneers do it all the time; that's what
> O.O. inheritance is all about. Now what if the subclass's version
> of the method needs to look up external data, and thus might
> block? How does a method override arrange for the call chain to
> return all the way back to the event loop, and to and pick up
> again with the same call chain when the I/O comes in?
>
> > I have seen a few thread based systems where the
> > programmers become so frustrated with subtle timing issues etc, and they
> > eventually overlay so many mutexes etc, that the implementation becomes
> > single threaded in practice anyhow(!), and very inefficient.
>
> While we simply do not see systems as complex as modern DBMS's
> written in the SLOC event-driven style.
>
> > BTW, I am fairly new to python but I have seen that the python Twisted
> > framework is a good example of the event/reactor design alternative to
> > threads. See
> >
> > http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/async.html .
>
> And consequently, to use Twisted you rewrite all your code as
> those 'deferred' things.
> 
> 
> -- 
> --Bryan



From oliphant.travis at ieee.org  Thu Jul  6 06:59:22 2006
From: oliphant.travis at ieee.org (Travis E. Oliphant)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 04:59:22 -0600
Subject: numpy : argmin in multidimensional arrays
In-Reply-To: <1152179540.948880.54900@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152179540.948880.54900@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8iqeb$t10$1@sea.gmane.org>

TG wrote:
> Hi there.
> 
> I am working with multi-dimensional arrays and I need to get
> coordinates of the min value in it.
> 
> using myarray.argmin() returns the index in the flatten array, which is
> a first step, but I wonder if it is possible to get the coordinates
> directly as an array, rather than calculating them myself by using this
> flat index and the shape of the array.
> 
> well, in fact i'm not sure to understand how argmin(myarray) works,
> when myarray is multidimensional.


By default, the argmin method flattens the array and returns the flat 
index.  You can get the corresponding element using

myarray.flat[index]

Alternatively, you can use the function unravel_index

unravel_index(flat_index, myarray.shape)

to return an N-dimensional index.


If you give an axis argument, then the minimum is found along the 
specified dimension and you get an N-1 dimensional array of indices that 
will all be between 1 and myarray.shape[axis]


-Travis







From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sun Jul  9 10:51:41 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:51:41 GMT
Subject: Remembering History in code.InteractiveConsole
Message-ID: <1K8sg.6804$ZD.2156@trndny02>

I'd like to make code.InteractiveConsole function just like the normal 
Python console. However, when I try to use the arrow keys to recall 
command history, all I get is ^[[A^[[B. I've seen the example at 
http://docs.python.org/lib/readline-example.html
but this doesn't seem to work at all, although I don't really want to 
persist command history across sessions anyways. Is it possible to 
remember command history with IC? I'm on Linux. Any help is appreciated.

Thanks,
Chris


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul  8 15:20:05 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 19:20:05 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7lrflb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneasilo.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2bqs1ow5r.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneb01b5.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-07, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> On 2006-07-07, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>>>> 
>>AP> Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
>>AP> was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>>AP> more complicated. 
>>>> 
>>>> What do you mean with `the lefthand variable'? Especially when talking
>>>> about `complicated lefthand sides'?
>
>>AP> The name on the left side of an assignment that refers to a variable,
>>AP> as opposed to names that are attributes.
>
> So let me get it clear:
> In a.b = c, a is the lefthand variable, but b is not?

Yes, b is an attribute of a

> If that is what you mean then I interpret your statement 
>>AP> `with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
>>AP> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
>>AP> more complicated'
>
> as meaning that the search for `a' in `a.b = c' would be different than the
> search for `a' in `a = b'.

It is conceptually different. In the line 'a = b' you don't need to
search for the scope of a. You know it is the current scope, if you
want to know the scope of b on the other hand, you need to search
for statement where it is assigned to.

Sure you can set things up in the interpreter so that the same search
routine is used, but that is IMO an implementation detail.

> Well, it is not. But I can understand the
> confusion. Namely, `a = b' introduces a binding for `a' in the local scope,
> unless `a' was declared global. So the search will find `a' in the local
> scope and it stops there. On the other hand `a.b = c' will not introduce a
> binding for `a'. So the search for `a' may stop in the local space (if
> there was another binding for `a' in the local scope) or it may need to
> continue to outer scopes. The difference, however is not the
> complicatedness of the lefthand side but whether the local scope contains a
> binding for the variable.

The complicatedness of the lefthand side, decided on whether the
variable was introduced in the local scope or not during startup
time. So that complicatedness decided whether the search was
to stop at the local level or not.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 20:29:35 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 17:29:35 -0700
Subject: upload a file
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8517.1153823960.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8517.1153823960.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153873775.889948.58070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


ciccio at unical.it wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> could you give me an help ?
>
> I would to upload a file from web using Python. Is there a simple way to do
> this? I'm using the cgi module and python 2.3. The file to be uploaded is a text
> file.
>

is this what your after?

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/273844



From simonyau at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 02:16:29 2006
From: simonyau at gmail.com (Simon Yau)
Date: 30 Jun 2006 23:16:29 -0700
Subject: Newb Tkinter Question: Object has no attribute 'tk'
References: <1151699637.322220.228050@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151734589.322536.181360@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

python programming newb wrote:
>
> I'm new to python and tkinter.  I'm trying to write a program that
> opens the root window with a button that then opens a toplevel window
> that then has it's own widgets.  I can get the new toplevel window to
> open but none of the widgets appear. The console gives me:
>
> AttributeError: 'NewWindow' object has no attribute 'tk'
>
> Here's my code:
>
> [snipped...]
>
> class NewWindow(object):
>
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		self.z = Toplevel()
> 		self.z.geometry("640x480")
> 		self.z.title("This is the New Window")
> 		self.frame = Frame(self.z)
> 		self.create_widgetnew()
> 		self.frame.grid()
>
> 	def create_widgetnew(self):
> 		self.lbl = Label(self, text = "Here is a label")
> 		self.lbl.grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = N)
> 		self.bttn = Button(self, text = "Close", command=self.z.quit)
> 		self.bttn.grid(row = 2, column = 1, sticky = S)
>  [snipped...]

You're referencing self (object) instead of a Frame when creating the
Label. Change self to self.frame in both the Label and Button
initialization and it'll work.

Hope it helps,
Simon



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 14:36:00 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:36:00 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7905.1152292715.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7905.1152292715.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152297360.763009.288390@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Tim Chase wrote:

>
> You'll notice that the OP's code had multiple references to the
> same counter (0, 1, and 3 all mapped to type1)
>
> The OP's method was about as good as it gets.  One might try to

D'oh!  Didn't notice that.

Yeah, Thomas,  if you really do want more than "type code" (i.e. key to
your map dict) to map to the same type counter then IMHO your original
method is very apt.

Peace,
~Simon



From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Tue Jul 25 11:10:19 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 08:10:19 -0700
Subject: Don't use __slots__! (was Re: dicts vs classes)
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com>

In article <pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576 at gmx.net>,
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch  <bj_666 at gmx.net> wrote:
>In <1153821590.452329.208790 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, Guyon Mor??e
>wrote:
>>
>> I'm using simple classes as a container of named values and I'm
>> instantiating a lot of them in a very short time.
>> 
>> i was wondering if there is any benefit in using dicts instead from a
>> performance/memory usage point of view?
>
>If you really have a memory problem read the documentation about
>`__slots__`.  But I would only consider this if `a lot of` is several 100k
>or millions of objects and the memory consumption really is a problem.

Guido sez:

     __slots__ is a terrible hack with nasty, hard-to-fathom side
     effects that should only be used by programmers at grandmaster and
     wizard levels. Unfortunately it has gained an enormous undeserved
     popularity amongst the novices and apprentices, who should know
     better than to use this magic incantation casually.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by
definition, not smart enough to debug it."  --Brian W. Kernighan


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 16:35:44 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 13:35:44 -0700
Subject: array of array of float
In-Reply-To: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152477344.012547.174630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Use nested list comprehensions:

matrix = [[0.0 for x in xrange(n)] for y in xrange(m)]

This is similar to "float matrix[m][n]" in C.

All cells are independent of each other in doing this.



From gene.tani at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 22:35:42 2006
From: gene.tani at gmail.com (gene tani)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 19:35:42 -0700
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152498942.023994.74290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:
> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.
> I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> Any recommendations?
> Ioannis

Printed: Magnus Hetland's latest book, the Wrox book and OReilly
Learning Python are all good.  Chun's "Core Python" will be updated and
released soon, that will be good too.

Tutorials on Awaretek.com
http://awaretek.com/tutorials.html
cause it's always good to see something explained different ways.



From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 18:10:02 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 00:10:02 +0200
Subject: How to recognise "generator functions" ?
In-Reply-To: <1Zxvg.46761$_J1.564830@twister2.libero.it>
References: <1Zxvg.46761$_J1.564830@twister2.libero.it>
Message-ID: <e9majr$vh7$1@news.albasani.net>

imho wrote:
> Hi all.
> 
> Is there a way to know if a function object is actually a "generator 
> function" or not ? e.g.:
> 
> def f():
> 	pass
> 
> def g():
> 	yield None
> 
> f.__class__ is the same as g.__class__ , i.e. "function" type.
> But i "know" that the second, when invoked, returns a generator object, 
> because there is a "yield" statement in its body.
> 
> Is there a (eventually hackish) method to get such information ?

>>> f.func_code.co_flags
67
>>> g.func_code.co_flags
99

=> 32 (CO_GENERATOR in compiler.consts) is the flag that indicates a
generator code object.

Georg


From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 18:22:17 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:22:17 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>

Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> > Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.  
> > Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic 
> > sense; no OO going on here). 
> 
> Depends what you mean by "object".
> 
> int x = 6; int y = 5; x = y;
> 
> I'd say x was mutable, with no "identity" problems involved?

The variable x definitely has identity that's independent of its value.  
Some might call that a problem in and of itself, as it complicates the 
formal model of the language and makes it difficult to predict what 
result will be produced by normal order evaluation.

On the other hand, this thread seems to be using "identity" to mean 
"identity with potential for aliasing", in which case it is vacuously 
true that eliminating identity also prevents the problems that arise 
from aliasing.  It is true, and I agree on this with Marshall, that 
eliminating the potential for aliasing solves a lot of problems with 
checking invariants.  I also see, though, that the majority (so far, I'd 
say all) of the potential uses for which it's worth introducing mutation 
into an otherwise mutation-free language allow the possibility of 
aliasing, which sorta makes me wonder whether this problem is worth 
solving.  I'd like to see an example of code that would be harder to 
write without mutation, but which can obey any restriction that's 
sufficient to prevent aliasing.

> Why is it problematic that variables have identity and are mutable? 
> Certainly I can later "find" whatever value I put into x.

I simply found the language confusing.  I said it would be nonsensical 
for a language to have mutation without identity.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From will at willNOmcguganSPAM.com  Fri Jul 14 17:41:26 2006
From: will at willNOmcguganSPAM.com (Will McGugan)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 22:41:26 +0100
Subject: wxPython Grid XY Coordinates question
In-Reply-To: <1152891475.335762.5210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152891475.335762.5210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b80f88$0$4373$da0feed9@news.zen.co.uk>

Kiran wrote:
> Hello All,
>   I am writing an app in wxPython using a grid.  I need to be able to
> recognize what cell in the grid the user is hovering over with the
> mouse.  How to do this?
>   I tried XYToCell(x, y), but that doesnt work properly because it
> thinks that mouse position (0, 0) is the first cell in the grid, and
> then goes from there, so if i move the grid to a differernt area on the
> screen, the XYToCell is messed up in what it returns.
> 
> Any ideas on how to get this to work or any other way?
> 

XYToCell probably takes window (client) coordinates. If you have the 
mouse position in screen coordinates, you will need to convert them with 
  the ScreenToClient for your grid.

Will McGugan
--
work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com


From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 13:09:55 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 17:09:55 GMT
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <D%xpg.170$9a3.118@trnddc07>

Does this require a ssh client or server?

I use authpf to open up my  PF firewall for internet use. Generally I just
open up putty and make a connection to the FW ( which open the ports) and
minize it till I am done. When I close putty authpf losses the ssh session
heartbeat and will then instruct the FW to close the ports. I would love to
write a simple client to do this form me instead of using putty. Do you
think these mods would work for me on a windows platform?

Thx

"Ravi Teja" <webraviteja at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1151759041.237922.292710 at v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com...
>
> gavino wrote:
> > This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> > and no one gave an answer.
> > I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
> >  and then the backup agent restarted.
> > If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> > connection is ssh.
> > How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> > adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> > iterate through the 100 servers.
> > What script would allow this?
>
> Try pxssh from pexpect. Look at the sample in the page.
> http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/pxssh.html
> It will allow you to automate ssh interactions.
>




From dananrg at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 17:08:09 2006
From: dananrg at yahoo.com (dananrg at yahoo.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 14:08:09 -0700
Subject: Module for creating a screenshot of a web page given a URL?
In-Reply-To: <1152131406.993573.95650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152129798.085736.144430@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152131406.993573.95650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152220089.063405.82870@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

> Untestetd, but I'm pretty sure something like this will do.
> If you need more control, and on windows, try pywinauto

I do need it to run on Windows. I'll check out pywinauto. Thanks.



From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 12:28:43 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 09:28:43 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153758523.757935.320080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > Antoon Pardon wrote:
> >
> >> Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
> >> mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
> >> module.
> >>
> >> Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
> >> to an implementation variable from that module. So now I have
> >> variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
> >
> > you don't understand what "implementation detail" means, it means it is
> > NOT part of the public API and no client code should ever use it.
> >
> > If you reference _vara in your code and it is in someone elses module
> > you don't understand YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!
>
> Why do you assume that in my example the other module is
> not understood?
>
> >>   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
> >>      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
> >
> > Users of your module should NEVER KNOW any of the _ or __ stuff exists
> > to begin with.
> >
> >>   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
> >>      I should be extra carefull using it.
> >
> > You should NEVER use it.
>
> Well that may be your view, but AFAICS it is not the view of
> the python community. Because each time some mechanism is
> proposed for real private variable, people oppose it, they
> want people to have access to what are supposed to be
> private variables.
>
> --
> Antoon Pardon

actually you are really way off base, the _ and __ convention IS the
INTENDED way of doing private and "really private" documentation of
members in Python.

I didn't make this up, it is in the official Python documentation.

You need to read my previous response for COMPREHENSION one more time.
There is LESS THAN ZERO value in having a runtime enforcement of member
access control.

Python does have ALREADY have an OFFICAL mechanism for private members,
prefix your names with _ or __. Both are ommited from autogenerated
docuementation and both are OFFICALLY not supposed to be used.



From dppdoran at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 05:23:03 2006
From: dppdoran at gmail.com (Dermot Doran)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:23:03 +0200
Subject: httplib, threading, wx app freezing after 4 hours
In-Reply-To: <86OdnT9kHvE95l7ZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1153660417.374156.213550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<86OdnT9kHvE95l7ZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <a0227ec10607270223h3cfb21afu445ac30bf9dcf1d9@mail.gmail.com>

According to the "wxPython in Action" book using the wx.CallAfter function
in a non-gui thread is a safe way for threads to call functions that will
then update the gui in the gui thread.

Cheers!!

Dermot.


On 23/07/06, Mark rainess <msrainess at comcast.net> wrote:
>
> bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> > Mark rainess wrote:
> > [...]
> >> It runs perfectly for about 4 hours, then freezes.
> >> I'm stuck. How do I debug this?
> > [...]
> >> Can anyone suggest techniques to help me learn what is going on.
> >
> > By inspection: "errcode" is undefined; I expect you stripped the
> > example
> > a bit too far. If it is set to something other 200, it looks like you
> > loop out.
> >
> > You are calling wx.CallAfter() from a different thread than runs the
> > GUI.
> > Is that documented to be safe? I've read that wxPostEvent() is is the
> > call to
> > use for this.
> >
> > Next thing to try is adding enough logging to tell exactly what
> > statement
> > hangs.
> >
> >
>
> Thanks guys, I found the problem.
>
> I had screen-saver set to None and power set to blank monitor after 30
> minutes. The problem occurred after the monitor blanked. I remembered I
> re-flashed my bios a few weeks ago. I didn't check the bios
> power-management settings. I'm not going to reboot now to check because
> I have too much stuff open.
>
> I set power to never blank monitor. Now there is no problem.
>
> I added code to monitor for activity and to kill and restart the thread
> if activity stops. Now if power-management kills it, it wakes-up when
> the screen returns.
>
> I think using wx.CallAfter() the way I have is correct. I will check
> that. It does work properly though.
>
> Mark
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
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From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 07:53:50 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:53:50 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Carl Banks wrote:
> > Patrick Maupin wrote:
> >
> >>PTY wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>>It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
> >>>is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
> >>>I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
> >>>use len() or not.
> >>
> >>It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:
> >>
> >>- For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
> >>      sequences are false.
> >>
> >>      Yes: if not seq:
> >>           if seq:
> >>
> >>      No: if len(seq)
> >>          if not len(seq)
> >>
> >>The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
> >>scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
> >>decision of the language.
> >
> >
> > That might have made sense when Python and string, list, tuple were the
> > only sequence types around.
> >
> > Nowadays, Python has all kinds of spiffy types like numpy arrays,
> > interators, generators,
> > etc., for which "empty sequence is false" just
> > doesn't make sense.
>
> Iterators and generators are *not* sequences types. wrt/ non-builtin
> container types, I suggest you re-read section 3.3.1 of the language
> references:

I'm aware of the semantics, thank you, and that they're as advertised
in the docs.  It doesn't matter whether you call it a sequence or not.
Iterables, lists, arrays, and whatever else have overlapping uses, but
bool(obj) behaves differently for different types, making it unsuitable
for writing generic functions that might use some other types that
aren't vanilla list, tuple, and string.

All I'm saying is, knowing there's lots of roughly-list-like types that
don't consider "empty" to be  "false", and that there's not reasonable
way to get consistent behavior as to what the boolean value of such
types is, it's possible that these types wouldn't even have a boolean
value and any tests for emptiness would have to be explicit.

But who knows?  Maybe this is just one case where brevity trumps
everything else.


Carl BAnks



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:14:43 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:14:43 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
Message-ID: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi list,

Is there a more elagant way of doing this?

# logflags is an array of logicals
test=True
for x in logflags:
   test = test and x
print test

--
Thanks,



From kbk at shore.net  Sun Jul  9 15:55:43 2006
From: kbk at shore.net (Kurt B. Kaiser)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 15:55:43 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Weekly Python Patch/Bug Summary
Message-ID: <200607091955.k69Jthl5015458@bayview.thirdcreek.com>

Patch / Bug Summary
___________________

Patches :  393 open (+15) /  3315 closed (+17) /  3708 total (+32)
Bugs    :  908 open (+22) /  5975 closed (+49) /  6883 total (+71)
RFE     :  223 open ( -1) /   229 closed ( +2) /   452 total ( +1)

New / Reopened Patches
______________________

test_grp.py doesn't skip special NIS entry, fails  (2006-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1510987  opened by  Mat Martineau

socket.gethostbyaddr fix for machines with incomplete DNS  (2006-06-23)
       http://python.org/sf/1511317  opened by  Charles Schwieters

Speed up decimal object construction  (2006-06-25)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511853  opened by  Nick Coghlan

ast branch changed interactive module name  (2006-06-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1512007  opened by  Jp Calderone

Improves an error message from setattr  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512942  opened by  Alexander Belopolsky

[FIX][Bug 1512695] cPickle.loads seg. faults  (2006-06-27)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513206  opened by  Faik Uygur

Remove reduce()  (2006-06-27)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513249  opened by  Collin Winter

Clean up usage of map() in the stdlib  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513299  opened by  Collin Winter

new turtle module  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513695  opened by  Lingl

docs for xturtle.py  (2006-06-28)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513699  opened by  Lingl

Move reduce() to functools  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513870  opened by  Collin Winter

mailbox (Maildir): avoid losing messages on name clash  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514543  opened by  David Watson

mailbox: use fsync() to ensure data is really on disk  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514544  opened by  David Watson

proposal for a new circle method  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514737  opened by  Lingl

1515163 fix - traceback and str exc  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515343  opened by  Jim Jewett

urllib2 redirection fix  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1515745  opened by  Petr Gladkikh

tarfile.py fix for #1471427 and updates  (2006-05-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1484695  reopened by  gustaebel

tarfile.py fix for #1471427 and updates  (2006-05-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1484695  reopened by  gustaebel

Remove deprecated functions from operator  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516309  opened by  Collin Winter

Module uuid: reduce pickle footprint  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516327  opened by  Michael Amrhein

Module uuid: functions for retrieving MAC addres  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516330  opened by  Michael Amrhein

Remove sys.exitfunc  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516375  opened by  Collin Winter

OpenVMS patches Modules directory  (2006-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1516912  opened by  Pi?ronne Jean-Fran?ois

Fix for Lib/test/crashers/gc_inspection.py  (2006-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1517042  opened by  Collin Winter

Patch to commands.py to enable callback support   (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517586  opened by  Brad Doctor

Patch for ctypes to enable custom objects in function calls  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517790  opened by  Thomas Heller

Patch for bug #1514451  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517891  opened by  Thomas Lee

assert for NULL in Py_INCREF Py_DECREF  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517947  opened by  Rene Dudfield

ext/win-cookbook.html has a broken link to distutils  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518772  opened by  Johannes Gijsbers

New ver. of 1102879: Fix for 926423: socket timeouts  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1519025  opened by  Tony Nelson

turtle.py: correcting begin_fill  (2006-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1519566  opened by  Lingl

Patches Closed
______________

MS Toolkit Compiler no longer available  (2006-06-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1509163  closed by  loewis

Patch for 1506758 - popen2/subprocess MAXFD MemoryErrors  (2006-06-15)
       http://python.org/sf/1506760  closed by  astrand

Speed up decimal object construction  (2006-06-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1511853  closed by  ncoghlan

[FIX][Bug 1512695] cPickle.loads seg. faults  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513206  closed by  gbrandl

Remove reduce()  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513249  closed by  collinwinter

docs for xturtle.py  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513699  closed by  loewis

Make thread stack size runtime tunable  (03/20/06)
       http://python.org/sf/1454481  closed by  sf-robot

proposal for a new circle method  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1514737  closed by  loewis

1515169 fix (ImportWarning flood)  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515361  closed by  nnorwitz

Alternative fix for ImportWarning (fix for 1515169)  (2006-07-01)
       http://python.org/sf/1515609  closed by  nnorwitz

telnetlib timeout fix (bug 822974)  (2003-10-17)
       http://python.org/sf/825417  closed by  loewis

UUID module for Python  (2005-11-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1368955  closed by  gbrandl

IDLE L&F on MacOSX   (2006-05-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1491759  closed by  ronaldoussoren

'import foo as bar' not checking for 'as'  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518569  closed by  twouters

Fix for 926423: socket timeouts + Ctrl-C don't play nice  (2005-01-15)
       http://python.org/sf/1102879  closed by  gbrandl

New / Reopened Bugs
___________________

Setting category fails with -W switch  (2006-06-22)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1510580  opened by  A.M. Kuchling

logging fileConfig swallows handler exception   (2006-06-18)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1508253  reopened by  tdir

method format of logging.Formatter caches incorrectly  (2006-06-06)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1501699  reopened by  blorbeer

CSV regression in 2.5a1: multi-line cells  (2006-04-06)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1465014  reopened by  andrewmcnamara

2.5b1 windows won't install or admit failure  (2006-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1510984  opened by  Jim Jewett

codec_getstreamcodec passes extra None  (2006-06-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511381  opened by  Hye-Shik Chang

xml.sax.expatreader is missing  (2006-06-23)
       http://python.org/sf/1511497  opened by  Wummel

Python gettext doesn't support libglade (again)  (2006-06-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511736  opened by  Shmyrev Nick

vague xref in description of sorted() builtin  (2006-06-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511911  opened by  rurpy

Can't use sockets in 2.5b1  (2006-06-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511964  opened by  Bryan O'Sullivan

Glitches in What's New for beta 1  (2006-06-25)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1511998  opened by  Nick Coghlan

OSX: debugger hangs IDLE  (2006-06-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1512124  opened by  Aahz

mailbox (2.5b1): locking doesn't work (esp. on FreeBSD)  (2006-06-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1512163  opened by  David Watson

builtin enumerate overflows  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512504  opened by  James Harlow

Install on Windows Vista locks up  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512604  opened by  Michael Lucas

cPickle.loads() seg.faults when interrupted with keyboard  (2006-06-26)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1512695  opened by  Faik Uygur

module wave does no rounding  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512791  opened by  Greg Kochanski

Incorrect lineno's in code objects  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512814  opened by  Thomas Wouters

'make install' failure on FreeBSD 5.3  (2006-06-26)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513032  opened by  David Watson

socket close() hangs client if used without prior shutdown()  (2006-06-27)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513223  opened by  Irmen de Jong

xml.sax.ParseException weirdness in python 2.5b1  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513611  opened by  Marien Zwart

os.access reports incorrect write permissions in Windows  (2006-06-27)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1513646  opened by  Yi S. Ding

Change the name of a variable causes an exception  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513802  opened by  Arun

mimetools message's To field can't be changed  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513913  opened by  Albert Strasheim

Typo in signal.alarm() description  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514404  opened by  Stephen Shirley

Missing module code does spurious file search  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514420  opened by  Nick Maclaren

NaN comparison in Decimal broken  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514428  opened by  Nick Maclaren

zipfile "append" mode should create a file if not present  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514451  opened by  Ritesh Raj Sarraf

String Methods 2.3.6.1 not in TOC  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514540  opened by  Terry J. Reedy

radians() doesn't work correctly  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514685  opened by  Lingl

setup in Pen.__init__()  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514703  opened by  Lingl

turtle.py: setup() call in Pen.__init__()  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514725  opened by  Lingl

turtle.py docs out of date  (2006-06-29)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1514730  opened by  Lingl

site.py can break the location of the python library  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514734  opened by  Mike Meyer

sgmllib should recover from unmatched quotes  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515142  opened by  Sam Ruby

traceback now masks some string exceptions  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515163  opened by  Jim Jewett

version says beta  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515164  opened by  Jim Jewett

ImportWarning should be removed  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515169  opened by  James Y Knight

wrong handling of character buffers in stringobject  (2006-07-01)
       http://python.org/sf/1515471  opened by  Georg Brandl

Exponential behavior in regular expression  (2006-07-02)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1515829  opened by  Erik Demaine

socket timeout inheritance on accept  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1515839  opened by  Jari Kirma

2.3.6.4 Mutable Sequence Types clarification  (2006-07-02)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1515932  opened by  Alan

bdist_msi fails (egg-info)  (2006-07-02)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1515998  opened by  Paul Moore

Under OS X, compiling against local readline fails  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1516068  opened by  Nelson Arzola

inspect.py: still infinite recursion inspecting frames  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516184  opened by  Don Quijote

Decimal should allow leading or trailing spaces.  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516613  opened by  Ronaldo Francisco Maia

warnings.py still refers to OverflowWarning  (2006-07-04)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1516910  opened by  John Machin

test_logging fails with reference count-checking  (2006-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1516995  opened by  Collin Winter

Getting an error message import site failed -v traceback.  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517370  opened by  brijesh kumar

memory leak threading or socketserver module  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517495  opened by  Ids van der Molen

filter() implementation does not match docs  (2006-07-05)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1517509  opened by  Collin Winter

Interpreter crash: filter() + gc.get_referrers()  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517663  opened by  Collin Winter

IDLE on macosx keybindings need work  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517990  opened by  Ronald Oussoren

IDLE: config-main.def contains windows-specific settings  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517993  opened by  Ronald Oussoren

IDLE (macosx): Class and Path browsers show Tk menu  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517996  opened by  Ronald Oussoren

c_void_pointer should accept a long pointer > 0x7fffffff  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1518190  opened by  Thomas Heller

cookielib doku  (2006-07-06)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1518346  opened by  Christoph Zwerschke

re '\' char interpretation problem  (2006-07-06)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1518406  opened by  ollie oldham

'\' problem in re.sub  (2006-07-06)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1518453  opened by  ilan29

'import foo as bar' not checking for 'as'  (2006-07-07)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1518569  opened by  Thomas Wouters

Website updating part of PEP101/102 out of date  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518617  opened by  Johannes Gijsbers

optparse.parse_args() ret value seems to be a dict but isn't  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518621  opened by  rhunger

import_as_name and dotted_as_name fail to validate syntax  (2006-07-07)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1519018  opened by  Scott Dial

incorrect locale.strcoll() return in Windows  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1519069  opened by  Brian Matherly

too many files?  (2006-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1519452  opened by  Joe Brown

turtle.py Docs still incomplete  (2006-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1519571  opened by  Lingl

Unmatched Group issue  (2006-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/1519638  opened by  Bobby Xiao

Bugs Closed
___________

Setting category fails with -W switch  (2006-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1510580  closed by  bcannon

logging fileConfig swallows handler exception   (2006-06-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1508253  closed by  vsajip

Logging doesn't report the correct filename or line numbers  (2006-04-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1470422  closed by  vsajip

method format of logging.Formatter caches incorrectly  (06/06/06)
       http://python.org/sf/1501699  closed by  sf-robot

method format of logging.Formatter caches incorrectly  (2006-06-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1501699  closed by  vsajip

CSV regression in 2.5a1: multi-line cells  (2006-04-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1465014  closed by  goodger

If MAXFD too high, popen2/subprocess produce MemoryErrors  (2006-06-15)
       http://python.org/sf/1506758  closed by  astrand

IP6 address parsing i sgmllib  (2003-12-03)
       http://python.org/sf/853506  closed by  fdrake

codec_getstreamcodec passes extra None  (2006-06-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1511381  closed by  perky

Python gettext doesn't support libglade (again)  (2006-06-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1511736  closed by  loewis

vague xref in description of sorted() builtin  (2006-06-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1511911  closed by  akuchling

Can't use sockets in 2.5b1  (2006-06-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1511964  closed by  bos

Glitches in What's New for beta 1  (2006-06-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1511998  closed by  akuchling

package manager page outdated link  (2004-03-24)
       http://python.org/sf/922690  closed by  ronaldoussoren

"-framework Python" for building modules is bad  (2004-01-29)
       http://python.org/sf/887242  closed by  ronaldoussoren

PackageManager does not clean up after itself  (2003-11-07)
       http://python.org/sf/838144  closed by  ronaldoussoren

PackageManager maintainer missing documentation  (2003-07-28)
       http://python.org/sf/779154  closed by  ronaldoussoren

IDE preferences cleanup  (2003-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/758566  closed by  ronaldoussoren

cPickle.loads() seg.faults when interrupted with keyboard  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1512695  closed by  nnorwitz

'make install' failure on FreeBSD 5.3  (2006-06-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1513032  closed by  nnorwitz

socket close() hangs client if used without prior shutdown()  (2006-06-27)
       http://python.org/sf/1513223  closed by  loewis

os.access reports incorrect write permissions in Windows  (2006-06-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1513646  closed by  loewis

OS/X on i386 framework build  (03/16/06)
       http://python.org/sf/1451717  closed by  sf-robot

Typo in signal.alarm() description  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1514404  closed by  quiver

sgmllib should allow angle brackets in quoted values  (2006-06-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1504333  closed by  fdrake

radians() doesn't work correctly  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514685  closed by  loewis

setup in Pen.__init__()  (2006-06-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1514703  closed by  loewis

turtle.py: setup() call in Pen.__init__()  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1514725  closed by  loewis

turtle.py docs out of date  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1514730  closed by  loewis

incorrect LOAD/STORE_GLOBAL generation  (2006-06-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1501934  closed by  nascheme

Exponential behavior in regular expression  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1515829  closed by  tim_one

2.3.6.4 Mutable Sequence Types clarification  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1515932  closed by  akuchling

bdist_msi fails (egg-info)  (2006-07-02)
       http://python.org/sf/1515998  closed by  loewis

float/atof have become locale aware  (2006-01-29)
       http://python.org/sf/1417699  closed by  loewis

Bug in dbm - long strings in keys and values  (2003-10-21)
       http://python.org/sf/827760  closed by  loewis

Telnet.read_until() timeout parameter misleading   (2003-10-13)
       http://python.org/sf/822974  closed by  loewis

Python segfaults when freeing &quot;deep&quot; objects  (2004-04-01)
       http://python.org/sf/927248  closed by  loewis

warnings.py still refers to OverflowWarning  (2006-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1516910  closed by  gbrandl

2.5 rev 45972 fails build on Mac-Intel  (2006-05-11)
       http://python.org/sf/1487105  closed by  nnorwitz

filter() implementation does not match docs  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517509  closed by  rhettinger

zipfile appends broken in 2.5b1  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517887  deleted by  krumms

sqlite3.dll only installed with Tcl/Tk  (2006-07-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1517388  closed by  loewis

cookielib doku port cookie-attribute  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1518346  closed by  gbrandl

re '\' char interpretation problem  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1518406  closed by  niemeyer

'\' problem in re.sub  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1518453  closed by  gbrandl

import_as_name and dotted_as_name fail to validate syntax  (2006-07-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1519018  closed by  nnorwitz

New / Reopened RFE
__________________

Add Windows 9x/ME (lack of) support information to README.TX  (2006-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1510853  opened by  ajaksu

RFE Closed
__________

Add some dicts to datetime module  (2006-06-14)
       http://python.org/sf/1506340  closed by  nnorwitz

Add str.partition  (2006-01-08)
       http://python.org/sf/1399936  closed by  nnorwitz



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 25 12:30:22 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:30:22 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C6471E.3080106@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> [...]
>   
>> My problem with the fact that python doesn't have some type of "thread
>> killer" is that again, the only solution involves some type of polling
>> loop.
>>     
>
> A polliing loop is neither required nor helpful here.
>
> [...]
>   
>> #Just pretend for the sake of arguement that 'op' actually means
>> something and is a lengthy operation
>> def func_to_thread():
>>   os.system('op 1')
>>   os.system('op 2')
>>   os.system('op 3')
>>     
>
> What good do you think killing that thread would do? The
> process running 'op n' has no particular binding to the thread
> that called os.system(). If 'op n' hangs, it stays hung.
>
> The problem here is that os.system doesn't give you enough
> control. It doesn't have a timeout and doesn't give you a
> process ID or handle to the spawned process.
>
> Running os.system() in multiple threads strikes me as
> kind of whacked. Won't they all compete to read and write
> stdin/stdout simultaneously?
>   
Unfortunately this is due to the nature of the problem I am tasked with 
solving.  I have a large computing farm, these os.system calls are often 
things like ssh that do work on locations remote from the initial python 
task.  I suppose eventually I'll end up using a framework like twisted 
but, as with many projects, I got thrown into this thing and threading 
is where we ended up.  So now there's the rush to make things work 
before we can really look at a proper solution.

>   
>> #In order to make this killable with reasonable response time we have to
>> organize each of our ops into a function or something equally annoying
>>
>> op_1():
>>   os.system('op 1')
>>
>> op_2():
>>   os.system('op 2')
>>
>> op_3():
>>   os.system('op 3')
>>
>> opList(op_1, op_2, op_3)
>> def to_thread():
>>   for op in opList:
>>     checkMessageQueue()
>>     op()
>>     
>
> Nonsense. If op() hangs, you never get to checkMessageQueue().
>   
Yea, understood.  At the same time, I can't use a timeout either, I 
don't know how long op_1 or op_2 will be.  This is why I want something 
that is triggered on an event.


> Now suppose op has a timeout. We could write
>
>   def opcheck(thing):
>       result = op(thing)
>       if result == there_was_a_timeout:
>           raise some_timeout_exception
>
> How is:
>
>   def func_to_thread():
>       opcheck('op 1')
>       opcheck('op 2')
>       opcheck('op 3')
>
> any less managable than your version of func_to_thread?
>
>   
Again, the problem I'm trying to solve doesn't work like this.  I've 
been working on a framework to be run across a large number of 
distributed nodes (here's where you throw out the "duh, use a 
distributed technology" in my face).  The thing is, I'm only writing the 
framework, the framework will work with modules, lots of them, which 
will be written by other people.  Its going to be impossible to get 
people to write hundreds of modules that constantly check for status 
messages.  So, if I want my thread to "give itself up" I have to tell it 
to give up.  In order to tell it to give up I need some mechanism to 
check messages that is not going to piss off a large team of 
programmers.  At the same time, do I really want to rely on other people 
to make things work?  Not really, I'd much rather let my framework 
handle all control and not leave that up to programmers.

So the problem is, I have something linearly executed a large list of 
python functions of various sizes ranging from short to long.  Its not 
about killing the thread so much as how do I make the thread listen to 
control messages without polling.



>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
>> way around this scenario?
>>     
>
> Threadicide would not solve the problems you actually have, and it
> tends to create other problems. What is the condition that makes
> you want to kill the thread? Make the victim thread respond to that
> condition itself.
>
>   

I feel like this is something we've established multiple times.  Yes, we 
want the thread to kill itself.  Alright, now that we agree on that, 
what is the best way to do that.  Right now people keep saying we must 
send the thread a message.  That's fine and I completely understand 
that, but right now the only mechanism I see is some type of polling 
loop (or diving into the C API to force exceptions).  So far I've not 
seen any other method though.  If you want to send a thread a control 
message you must wait until that thread is able to check for a control 
message.  If something hangs in your thread you are totally screwed, 
similarly, if your thread ends up in some excessively lengthy IO (IO 
that could be interrupted or whatever) you have to wait for that IO to 
finish before your thread can process any control messages.




-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From pythonwannabe at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 17:52:03 2006
From: pythonwannabe at yahoo.com (Py Py)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 14:52:03 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
Message-ID: <20060709215203.51183.qmail@web55913.mail.re3.yahoo.com>

Hi, list.

I'm having a hard time trying to get a couple of tests to pass when compling Python 2.3.5 on Ubuntu Server Edition 6.06 LTS. I'm sure it's not too far removed from the desktop edition but, clearly, I need to tweak something or install some missling libs.

uname -a

Linux server 2.6.15-23-server #1 SMP Tue May 23 15:10:35 UTC 2006 i686 GNU/Linux
 
When I compile Python I get these failing

4 skips unexpected on linux2:
    test_dbm test_mpz test_bsddb test_locale

I've got libgdbm-dev and libgdbm3 packages installed.

Help!

 			
---------------------------------
Sneak preview the  all-new Yahoo.com. It's not radically different. Just radically better. 
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From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:47:11 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:47:11 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Chris Smith schrieb:
> > For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we
> > were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type
> > Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few
> > (infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain
> > the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:
> >
> >     Person{age:{18..29}}
> >
> > But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice
> > property called encapsulation.  To work around that, we'd need to
> > make one of a few choices: [...] (c) invent some kind of generic
> > constraint language so that constraints like this could be expressed
> > without exposing field names. [...] Choice (c), though, looks a
> > little daunting.
>
> That's not too difficult.
> Start with boolean expressions.
> If you need to check everything statically, add enough constraints that
> they become decidable.

I'm not sure I understand. Could you elaborate?


> For the type language, you also need to add primitives for type
> checking, and if the language is stateful, you'll also want primitives
> for accessing earlier states (most notably at function entry).

Again I'm not entirely clear what this means. Are you talking
about pre/post conditions, or are you talking about having the
constraint language itself be something other than functional?


Marshall



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 10:24:38 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 16:24:38 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e8gi32$pe5$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
> between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.

the difference between binding and performing an operation on an object 
(mutating or not), in fact.

this is Python 101.

</F>



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Tue Jul 25 01:31:23 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:31:23 +1000
Subject: Help in string.digits functions
In-Reply-To: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153805483.5060.4.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 22:19 -0700, Anoop wrote:
> Hi All
> 
> I am getting two different outputs when i do an operation using
> string.digits and test.isdigit(). Is there any difference between the
> two. I have given the sample program and the output
> 
> Thanks for ur inputs
> 
> Anoop
> 
> #1:
> ~~
> import string
> 
> test='121206'
> 
> if test not in string.digits:
>     print "I am Not Digit"
> else:
>     print "I am Digit"
> 
> #2:
> ~~
> import string
> 
> test='121206'
> 
> if not test.isdigit():
>     print "I am Not Digit"
> else:
>     print "I am Digit"
> 
> Output
> ~~~~~
> #1:I am Not Digit
> #2:I am Digit
> 
> Thnks and Rgds 
> 
> Anoop
> 


string.digits is the string constant '0123456789'

So your test, "if test not in string.digits:" will evaluate True because
'121206' is not in '0123456789'.

Whereas test.isdigit() returns true if all the characters in test are
digits.

So yes, there is a big difference between the two.

Regards,

John



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 12:25:26 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:25:26 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e937pk$qpb$2@sea.gmane.org>

kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:

> I just realized that of course the hash is not always going to be
> unique, so this wouldn't really work.  And it seems a hash table would
> still need to store the keys (as strings) so that string comparisons
> can be done when a collision occurs.

btw, Python's dictionary type *is* a highly-optimized implementation of 
a "traditional hash table".

</F>



From stephane_bard at tele2.fr  Thu Jul 20 14:02:04 2006
From: stephane_bard at tele2.fr (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?st=E9phane_bard?=)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 20:02:04 +0200
Subject: using capicom with python
In-Reply-To: <1153190781_47725@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <GhRug.185$kp.199@nntpserver.swip.net>
	<1153190781_47725@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44BFC51C.4050705@tele2.fr>

thank's for all roger
sorry to answer so late
:-D

Roger Upole a ?crit :
> "st?phane bard" <stephane_bard at tele2.fr> wrote in message news:GhRug.185$kp.199 at nntpserver.swip.net...
>> Hi all,
>> Has anyone ever used Python to work with Certificate Services in
>> Windows? I'm trying to capicom dll with pywin32.
>>
>>
>> I've found some reference about python and capicom in
>> this mail archive
>> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2006-March.txt
>>
>> but nothing really helpfull.
>> I try to use windll from ctypes module
>>
>>
>>>> windll.load(
>> but don't get access to capicom.
>>
>> any idea ?
> 
> COM dll's usually aren't designed to be used directly.
> You request instances of the interfaces they implement
> by guid or program id.
> 
> import win32com.client
> certstore=win32com.client.Dispatch('capicom.store')
> certstore.Open(StoreName='Root')
> for cert in certstore.Certificates:
>     print 'SubjectName:', cert.SubjectName, 'IssuerName:', cert.IssuerName
> 
>         Roger
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Fri Jul 14 04:52:45 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:52:45 +0200
Subject: OT: Search for python in Norway
In-Reply-To: <1149108651.205786.99100@j55g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1149108651.205786.99100@j55g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b75b60$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

cyberco wrote:
> Although the climate wouldn't make you think so, but searching for
> python is hot in Norway:
> 
> http://www.google.com/trends?q=python&ctab=1&geo=all&date=all
> 
> I wonder what the explanation could be.
> 
> Btw: Java seems to be all the rage in India :)
> http://www.google.com/trends?q=java&ctab=1&geo=all&date=all

So what? That just means those countries are still looking for them, while
those not in the list no longer bother asking Google.

Stefan


From elmo at msnnotaol.com  Thu Jul  6 15:41:32 2006
From: elmo at msnnotaol.com (elmo)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:41:32 GMT
Subject: web app breakage with utf-8
References: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>
	<44ad458a$0$26268$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.19.41.24.360872@msnnotaol.com>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:16:53 +0200, Stefan Behnel wrote:
>> 
>> Is there a correct way to handle text input from a <FORM> when the page is
>> utf-8 and that input is going to be used in SQL statements? I've tried
>> things like (with no success): 
>> sql = u"select * from blah where col='%s'" % input
> 
> What about " ... % unicode(input, "UTF-8")" ?
> 
> 

I guess it's similar, I've had partial success with input.decode('utf-8')
before DB usage, and then output.encode('utf-8') for output. But although
this stores and displays newly added utf-8 texts correctly, it
causes other problems when displaying the existing texts. I think
they're suffering from a double encoding issue. It seems rather
strange the encode/decode appears to be required now, and not before.
Is this how it should be done?



> 
> You didn't tell us what database you are using, which encoding your
> database uses, which Python-DB interface library you deploy, and lots of
> other things that might be helpful to solve your problem.

That would be MySQLdb with latin1, but I've tried various methods to make
it utf-8 (lots of guidance online). But this was only after I discovered
the breakage with the newer python. I.e. it has worked for years on both
machines and various python versions. I omitted that info because I can
paste the SQL into mysql's shell, it does the expected thing with no
errors, so I assumed the DB itself isn't the cause. I guess it could 
be a new MySQLdb issue causing breakage.


I feel I can see part of the light, but if I'm close to what I think
is needed, it's not practical to change everything to handle encode/decode
site wide, especially as some of the data gets moved to Oracle for other
applications (most is written in Perl).



I'm thinking I need to do this now, is this the norm?:

get user input from web
text.encode('utf-8')
store or use as search in DB
text.decode('utf-8')
display page etc

The encode/decode stages have never been required before :-(


> 
> Stefan



From eurleif at ecritters.biz  Mon Jul 17 22:59:47 2006
From: eurleif at ecritters.biz (Leif K-Brooks)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:59:47 -0400
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc4e9d$0$3669$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> or is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
> be as fast?

You could use xrange:

leif at ubuntu:~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "1 in range(10000)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 260 usec per loop
leif at ubuntu:~$ python -m timeit -n10000 "1 in xrange(10000)"
10000 loops, best of 3: 0.664 usec per loop


From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 21:01:18 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 18:01:18 -0700
Subject: Proposal for new option -U extending -u
In-Reply-To: <1154199125.123751.37360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154199125.123751.37360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154221278.120150.84290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

James Thiele wrote:
> Currently -u specifies that stdin, stdout and stderr are all
> unbuffered. I propose a that -U make all files unbuffered. It could be
> useful for programs that log to files.
>
> Comments solicited.

Unnecessary.  You can control the buffering of any file object you
create yourself, e.g. open("somefile",buffering=0) to create an
unbuffered file object.  The reason you need a switch for stdin,
stdout, stderr is you don't create those objects yourself.

Carl Banks



From listserver at tdw.net  Fri Jul  7 11:00:02 2006
From: listserver at tdw.net (Tim Williams)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 16:00:02 +0100
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <W46377231.638.22604.1@mx-extra>
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R46366732.588.24265.1@mx-extra>
	<mailman.7894.1152275292.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<W46377231.638.22604.1@mx-extra>
Message-ID: <9afea2ac0607070800i2def8f7cm5f51333a29c8d6b2@mail.gmail.com>

On 7 Jul 2006 06:27:43 -0700, Gerard Flanagan <grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk> wrote:
>
> Tim Williams wrote:
> > On 07/07/06, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
> > > I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
> > > My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
> > > CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
> > > lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.
> > >
> > > > You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
> > > > if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
> > > > performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
> > > >
> >
> > Karrigell has an async server, in standalone mode it won't be as fast
> > as lighttpd but its simpler to use and code in than cherrypy.
> > However, it can also work behind lighttpd,  so you might get a good
> > mix of server speed and fast development time.
> >
> > http://www.karrigell.com
> >
>
> Yes, agree about Karrigell's quick development time - an almost flat
> learning curve if you've programmed for the web before, and none of the
> arcana which you can run into  elsewhere.
>
> "high performance"? - I'm using it to provide an intranet for a small
> library with *three* networked computers - performance is impeccable!

If you disable the Reverse-DNS lookups in one of the python (not
Karrigell) web modules (I'll dig out a previous post somewhere about
this),  it speeds up karrigell tremendously,  my apps aren't huge,
but I have no problems with karrigell across   the internet :)


From nephish at xit.net  Sun Jul 16 23:37:57 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 20:37:57 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12blok1vo9ov08@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153092024.448292.282640@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blok1vo9ov08@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153107477.695344.262880@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

cool enough, thanks !

-sk


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-16, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>
> >> If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
> >> socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
> >> socket will raise an exception.
>
> > like this ?
> > databack = aeris_sockobj.recv(2048)
> >  if databack:
> >             view_msg = 'caught request acknowlage %s bytes \n' %
> > len(databack)
> > else:
> >             view_msg = 'fail to recieve data from aeris server\n'
> >
> > then put the reconnect in the else: block ?
>
> Yes, if the problem is that the host closes the connection,
> that should work.  Modulo the broken indentation and
> line-wrapping. ;)
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My mind is a potato
>                                   at               field...
>                                visi.com



From zabaione at uk2.net  Thu Jul 13 17:36:00 2006
From: zabaione at uk2.net (freesteel)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 14:36:00 -0700
Subject: Py_NewInterpreter(), is this a bug in the python core?
In-Reply-To: <1152565554.116752.167800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152548293.533331.232200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7993.1152556816.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152565554.116752.167800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152826560.091696.149360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

freesteel wrote:
> Yes, I see that now in the documentation, which to me is quite
> confusing.
> So, how do you use python in a multithreaded environment, where for
> example you want to run some embeded python code from a number of
> different C threads?
>
> This article: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3641 is quite good,
> but must have been written before these PyGILState_* functions.
>
> I only used Py_NewInterpreter to have a fresh 'import sys'.
>
> Somebody enlighten me, please.
>
> Martin

If you try to replicate the code from the linux journal
(http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/3641) and compile with Py_DEBUG
defined, when running it you will find that you get an exception and a
fatal error message from the python core. The exception is thrown from
pystate.c, line 306:
 			Py_FatalError("Invalid thread state for this thread");

The exception is thrown in my understanding of the code because there
can only ever be one thread state. If  this is true a function to swap
thread states seems rather pointless.
Now, reading up about how to call C API to python from a C thread I
find that with version 2.3 the function pair
PyGILState_Ensure/PyGILState_Release was introduced. This allows
'grabbing' the global interpreter lock, calling your embedded python
code and release the GIL at the end again.

Am I right in my understanding that the use of this PyGILState_* pair
is meant to 'replace' the prologue of creating a new thread state from
the main thread state, swapping it with the current state, doing your
Python/C API calls and then in an epilogue swap the previous thread
state back in, and deletie the now obsolete previously created thread
state?

At least that how I understand the motivation behind the introduction
of tPyGILState_*, read here:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0311/

Now, I tried to use this mechanism, but I am not really successful with
it. Basically, in my C thread, I wrap a number of calls to embedded
python (a few PyRun_SimpleString calls, nothing really fancy) with
PyGILState_Ensure and PyGILState_Release. The first C thread also
initializes python as well as initializes threading:
			Py_Initialize();
			PyEval_InitThreads();

(If it helps I can post my whole code here).

When I test this I get deadlocks in most cases after the first thread
has called PyGILState_Release. All other threads at that point 'freeze'
and never return from whatever Python/C API function they are in. I
don't understand why. Moreover, this behavious is not always
reproducable, sometimes the code works as intended. Must be some kind
of race condition? Who can help?

I read that the problem of calling python from a multithreaded
application per thread is very difficult, but a few projects have
managed to solve it, but now we have these PyGILStates and all is much
easier?

Martin



From ondrej.certik at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:11:40 2006
From: ondrej.certik at gmail.com (ondrej.certik at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:11:40 -0700
Subject: cas in python
Message-ID: <1152130300.017691.187140@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,
from time to time, people here are asking about the computer algebra
system (cas) in python. I wonder, is there a demand for such a thing?

I would be interested in functionality of at least ginac, but
something, which could easily be extended. Ginac (pyginac or swiginac)
are fine, but it seems to me to be too complex and contains a lot of
redundant code (imho). What I need is not a speed in the first place,
but rather rich features and simple code which I (and others) can
extend. I would like to experiment with new features, functions, etc.,
but using a normal language like python (or c++). Which is quite
difficult in ginac or maple/mathematica.

I also (like other people here) wrote a proof of concept a year ago:

http://ondrej.certik.cz/cas.php

and I also (like others) don't have much time to continue on it. On the
other hand, it really does seem possible to write it in a way, which is
very easy to understand, yet feature rich.

So if anyone is interested in developing such a thing, please let me
know. Or at least what you think about it - does it make sense to write
another cas?

Ondrej



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 12:23:03 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 02:23:03 +1000
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152453983.831402.233990@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.15.24.47.778695@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152459569.852989.149710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.16.23.00.104052@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 08:39:29 -0700, Jim Lewis wrote:

>> I'd suggest that "pop" could be your culprit. ...What is pop? A function or an instance method?
> 
> Neither. pop is an instance of a class, like:
> class X:
>    ...
> pop = X ()
> 
> pop surely is the culprit but it has arrays of objects, etc., and I
> don't know what to look for.

I'd start by looking for an attribute of pop that holds a reference to
some function or method. E.g. something like this:

class X():
    def method(self):
        pass
    def __init__(self):
        self.L = [1, "a", X.method] # note the lack of ()s

pop = X()

Otherwise, I'm working blind without knowing more about your class.

Here's a thought: comment out every attribute in your class, and then try
pickling it. If it succeeds, uncomment just *one* attribute, and try
pickling again. Repeat until pickling fails.


-- 
Steven.



From __peter__ at web.de  Sat Jul 22 04:58:09 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 10:58:09 +0200
Subject: Is it possible to get image size before/without downloading?
References: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9spaa$mdk$02$1@news.t-online.com>

aldonnelley at gmail.com wrote:

> Hi there: a bit of a left-field question, I think.
> I'm writing a program that analyses image files downloaded with a basic
> crawler, and it's slow, mainly because I only want to analyse files
> within a certain size range, and I'm having to download all the files
> on the page, open them, get their size, and then only analyse the ones
> that are in that size range.
> Is there a way (in python, of course!) to get the size of images before
> or without downloading them? I've checked around, and I can't seem to
> find anything promising...
> 
> Anybody got any clues?

The PIL can determine the size of an image from some "large enough" chunk at
the beginning of the image, e. g:

import Image
import urllib
from StringIO import StringIO

f = urllib.urlopen("http://www.python.org/images/success/nasa.jpg")
s = StringIO(f.read(512))
print Image.open(s).size

Peter


From will at willmcgugan.com  Wed Jul 12 10:47:46 2006
From: will at willmcgugan.com (Will McGugan)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:47:46 -0700
Subject: Persistant dictionary with lockable elements
Message-ID: <1152715666.789997.277300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I'd like to have a persistant dictionary in a server so that incoming
requests acquire a specific Python object, do something with it then
return. There wont be that many objects but it is the persistance that
is important here, I want the information to survive server re-starts /
crashes. The Shelve module seems ideal for this, but because the server
will be multithreaded I would like to be able to lock individual
elements of the shelve while they are being processed (not just the
entire Shelve object).

Is there some way of using Shelve like this, or should I just move to a
more typical database solution?

Thanks,

Will McGugan
http://www.willmcgugan.com



From jes at nl.demon.net  Sun Jul 16 18:00:50 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 22:00:50 -0000
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<mailman.8240.1153081715.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12bldoi1v060k3d@corp.supernews.com>

In article <mailman.8240.1153081715.27775.python-list at python.org>,
Eric S. Johansson <esj at harvee.org> wrote:
>Elmo M?ntynen wrote:
>> Is there something better than using fnctl? It seems a bit intimidating
>> with a quick look.
>
>try the portlocker wrapper from the active state cookbook.  I have a 
>version which has been slightly updated for more modern pythons.  I 
>really need to make my darcs repository visible so you could get it.
>
>Alternatively, you can try the makedir trick.  Creating directories are 
>atomic operations if it exists, you will get error message.  If it 
>doesn't, you will get a directory and thereby capture the lock.  You 
>delete the directory when you release the lock.
>
>crude but effective.  I used it in building a file based queue system. 
>You know, I really should learn how to build eggs because I have a whole 
>bunch of little pieces of software that would probably be useful to others.

Here's a more complete file locking scheme which uses a lockfile with
the O_CREAT and O_EXCL flags to make the creation atomic. If it gets
the lock, it writes its PID in readable form in the file. It also does
two other things:

If you know that no process should lock the file for more than a fixed
period of time, it will retry once/second as long as the lock file is
not older than that fixed period of time. If it is older, it will
report the problem, including the PID of the locking process and exit.

This caters for a process which has set the lock file and then
terminates without removing it (which can happen do to an application
or server crash).

------------------------------------------

import os
import errno
import sys
import time
import stat

# the maximum reasonable time for aprocesstobe
max_wait = 10

lockfile = "/tmp/mylock"

while True:
    try:
        fd = os.open(lockfile, os.O_EXCL | os.O_RDWR | os.O_CREAT)
        # we created the lockfile, so we're the owner
        break
    except OSError, e:
        if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
            # should not occur
            raise

        try:
            # the lock file exists, try to stat it to get its age
            # and read it's contents to report the owner PID
            f = open(lockfile, "r")
            s = os.stat(lockfile)
        except OSError, e:
            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                sys.exit("%s exists but stat() failed: %s" %
                         (lockfile, e.strerror))
            # we didn't create the lockfile, so it did exist, but it's
            # gone now. Just try again
            continue
        
        # we didn't create the lockfile and it's still there, check
        # its age
        now = int(time.time())
        if now - s[stat.ST_MTIME] > max_wait:
            pid = f.readline()
            sys.exit("%s has been locked for more than " \
                     "%d seconds (PID %s)" % (lockfile, max_wait,
                     pid))

        # it's not been locked too long, wait a while and retry
        f.close()
        time.sleep(1)        

# if we get here. we have the lockfile. Convert the os.open file
# descriptor into a Python file object and record our PID in it

f = os.fdopen(fd, "w")
f.write("%d\n" % os.getpid())
f.close()




-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 04:31:24 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:31:24 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
Message-ID: <44c7285d$0$8622$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Joe Knapka wrote:
(snip)
> Classes are effectively open in Python, too, at least
> where methods are concerned, since one can do
> klass.__dict__["myMethod"]=myMethod.

actually, klass.myMethod = myMethod is enough...


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From kylotan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 11:11:47 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:11:47 -0700
Subject: Python audio output switch
In-Reply-To: <ea52e4$h0k$1@news.yaako.com>
References: <ea52e4$h0k$1@news.yaako.com>
Message-ID: <1153926707.373160.296240@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Pan Xingzhi wrote:
> Guys:
>
>      Hi there. Recently I'll have to write a quite interesting program
> in Python on a Linux box. What I need is a function which allows the
> user to 'switch' the audio output from <an audio
> file>/<microphone>/<line in>.

They are audio inputs, not audio outputs!

I don't know of any Python modules for this, though maybe one exists.
Most documentation is for C coders, and depends a lot upon what sound
system your distribution of Linux is running. If you are using OSS
(Open Sound System), you may be able to access /dev/mixer to choose
which device is the default input. (Although I am more used to systems
where you can read each input independently.) If so, you may find this
page gives you a few pointers:
http://www.oreilly.de/catalog/multilinux/excerpt/ch14-07.htm

If you are using something else, like ALSA, you may want to look at
their documentation. Or perhaps http://jackaudio.org/ will be of use.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From n.estner at gmx.de  Fri Jul 28 19:11:27 2006
From: n.estner at gmx.de (nikie)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 16:11:27 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:

> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds

Milliseconds don't mean much unless we knew how big your images are and
what hardware you're using.

Have you considered using NumPy? Assuming you can get the image into a
numpy array efficiently, the actual algorithm boils down to something
like this:

    grey = r*0.3 + g*0.59 + b*0.11
    index = grey.argmin()
    x,y = index%step, index/step
    v = grey[x,y]

where r,g,b and grey are numpy.ndarray objects; The arithmetic
operators and the argmin-function are implemented in C, so you can
expect decent performance. (the 4 lines above take about 80 ms for a
1000x1000 image on my PC)

If that's not enough, you might want to use some specially optimized C
library for this purpose. (I'd suggest Intel's IPP, but there are
others).



From chris at kateandchris.net  Fri Jul 21 09:57:32 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:57:32 -0400
Subject: ConfigParser: what read('non-existent-filename') returns in 2.3.x?
In-Reply-To: <YdSvg.2085$8Y2.518@fe03.lga>
References: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>
	<mailman.8385.1153423817.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<YdSvg.2085$8Y2.518@fe03.lga>
Message-ID: <20060721135732.GA19754@kateandchris.net>

On Thu, Jul 20, 2006 at 02:01:08PM -0700, Danil Dotsenko wrote:
> Chris Lambacher wrote:
> > On Thu, Jul 20, 2006 at 10:50:40AM -0700, Danil Dotsenko wrote:
> >> Wrote a little "user-friedly" wrapper for ConfigParser for a KDE's
> >> SuperKaramba widget.
> >> (http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=32185)
> >> 
> >> I was using 2.4.x python docs as reference and
> >> ConfigParser.read('non-existent-filename') returns [] in 2.4.x
> > http://docs.python.org/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
> > That agrees with the docs since read returns a list of successfully parsed
> > filenames.  Note the docs also say this was added in 2.4.
> 
> I just looked at the 
> http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.5/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
> (note the version number) and see the following:
> "If none of the named files exist, the ConfigParser instance will contain an
> empty dataset." Which to me means []. To the least of it, the statement
> should be clarified, but I would still kindly prefer to have someone
> respond / confirm the procedure bellow gives different results in 2.3.x.
That says nothing about the return value.  It says that the ConfigParser
object will contain an empty data set, ie:
config.sections() == []
NOT 
config.read(['doesnotexist.cfg']) == []

since config.read does not explicitly return anything, and therefore you get
None. 
> 
> >> >>> import ConfigParser
> >> >>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
> >> >>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
> >> >>> a, len(a), type(a)
> >> ([], 0, <type 'list'>)
> 
> Thx in advance.
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 09:30:44 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 06:30:44 -0700
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
In-Reply-To: <e94vma$m39$02$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e94vma$m39$02$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1152797444.626278.249540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks a lot to all for the to-the-point info, quite vital to me...

Sanjay



From skip at pobox.com  Wed Jul 12 16:04:24 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:04:24 -0500
Subject: How to delete a Python package
In-Reply-To: <1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8086.1152724589.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17589.21960.790041.410347@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Nick> Uninstall support is hard, you would turn distutils (setup.py)
    Nick> into a package management system, but wait...!  there are already
    Nick> package managers that do exactly that (rpm, deb, Windows
    Nick> Installer).

Note that I don't really care about uninstall support, certainly not enough
to go through the pain of editing distutils.  I'd be happy if the installer
wrote a MANIFEST file that tells me what files and directories it did
install.  I'm not as worried about dependencies or overlaps between packages
as much as making sure that when I want to get rid of package X I can
actually delete all of its files.  I also realize that's not truly package
management in the rpm/deb sense, but that would be good enough for me.

My message was simply pointing out that telling people "use RPM or DEB" is
not really acceptable.  Not everyone uses Linux.  Or Windows.  Or Macs.
Python is a cross-platform language.  Through distutils it includes a basic
cross-platform installation facility.  It probably ought to also have a
corresponding basic cross-platform uninstall facility.

Skip


From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Tue Jul 25 19:20:06 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 23:20:06 GMT
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
In-Reply-To: <1153867693.727100.253850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<GRgxg.1262$Cn6.921@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<1153867693.727100.253850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C6A716.6080606@kneuro.net>

myersoft at gmail.com wrote:

> Yes, you were right it was already there (sorry, my mistake), the
> bigger problem is how do I send an ack packet????????

Look at the docs for socket.sendto(). Of course, deciding
what data should be in your "ACK" packet is for you to decide.

Cheers,

-- JK


From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 23:05:55 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 20:05:55 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154055955.062530.158590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> Chaos wrote:
> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> >
> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> >
> > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> >
> > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> >
> > I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> > compiling my files.
>
> You could try the PIL package.
>
> >From the docs at
> http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm
>
> Image.eval(function, image) => image
>
> Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in
> the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function
> is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for
> each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other
> generators.
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon

I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no
success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only
called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255.
Unless I can find a working example for this function, its impossible
to use.



From http  Sun Jul 16 08:20:31 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 05:20:31 -0700
Subject: IDLE built-in help in Linux vs Windows
Message-ID: <7xwtad4u7k.fsf_-_@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

In Windows if you click the Help dropdown, IDLE launches a help window
as it should.  The help contents are included in the installation.

In Linux, clicking Help launches a web browser, which is a perfectly
good UI for viewing help.  However, instead of loading a static HTML
file from the disk like the Windows version does, it visits the doc
directory on python.org over the internet.  

Is there any reason for that?  It's noticably slower even over
broadband, painful over dialup, and unusable if you're not connected
to the net at all.


From linuxnow at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 02:00:05 2006
From: linuxnow at gmail.com (linuxnow at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:00:05 -0700
Subject: binding more than one attribute in a facntion
In-Reply-To: <ea8h4n$7p5$02$2@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153942400.771017.150340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<ea8h4n$7p5$02$2@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153980005.221275.195290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Peter Otten wrote:
> linuxnow at gmail.com wrote:

> Bound methods are limited to one implicit parameter. What you need is
> partial function application:
>
> >>> def f(a, b, c):
> ...     return a + b + c
> ...
> >>> def partial(f, *args):
> ...     def g(*more):
> ...             return f(*args+more)
> ...     return g
> ...
> >>> partial(f, 1, 2)(3)
> 6
> >>> partial(f, 1)(2, 3)
> 6
> >>> partial(f)(1, 2, 3)
> 6
>
> See http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0309/ for more.

Thanks, this explanation is great. Nice to see also that python 2.5
will have it,



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 05:10:09 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:10:09 +0200
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
In-Reply-To: <ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9sjhp$ms0$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<ea16hm$2ag$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c48e72$0$31789$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <44c26d8c$0$11738$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
> wrote:
> 
> 
>>Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
>>
>>
>>>If you're calling a number of different routines in
>>>the Processor class, all accessing the same data, then it makes perfect
>>>sense to only pass it once.
>>
>>Actually they are not "passed".
> 
> 
> I think I'm going to plonk you.

Do what you want.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 16:28:00 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:28:00 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 17:12 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-31 15:00:15, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> > In fact, the real question IMHO is: what would MySQL advantage over
> > PostgreSQL be ?-) 
> 
> A few years ago I did some research, and the result was that while
> PostgreSQL was claimed to have more features and a better design, the
> reports of database corruption seemed to have been more frequent than with
> MySQL. The usual reason given was that MySQL was more mature.
> 
> I assume you don't agree... :)

I certainly don't.  MySQL provides two different ways to corrupt your
data: actual database corruption *and* data integrity corruption.  You
can escape the second by using InnoDB rather than MyISAM tables, but
that increases your chances of the first (InnoDB not being as "mature"
as either MyISAM or PostgreSQL).

Also, saying "a few years ago I did some research" in software terms is
pretty much equivalent to saying "I don't know".

Regards,
Cliff

-- 



From tgrav at mac.com  Tue Jul 18 00:03:47 2006
From: tgrav at mac.com (Tommy Grav)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 00:03:47 -0400
Subject: Matplotlib and mouse events
Message-ID: <339475E8-0062-46B4-8112-4DF7B5AB6345@mac.com>

I am trying to use matplotlib to display two images and then by mouse  
click
identify a source in each image. The setup is as follows

     figim = figure(figsize=(8,4))
     axsrc24 = figim.add_subplot(121, xlim=(0,200), ylim=(0,200),  
autoscale_on=False)
     axsrc24.set_title('Click to zoom')
     axsrc70 = figim.add_subplot(122, xlim=(0,100), ylim=(0,100),  
autoscale_on=False)
     axsrc70.set_title('Click to zoom')

     def clicker(event):
         if event.inaxes == axsrc24:
             print 'you clicked on the 24 micron image'
         if event.inaxes == axsrc70:
         print 'you clicked on the 70 micron image'
         return

     figim.canvas.mpl_connect("button_press_event",clicker)

Now I want to only be able to click each subplot once then lock that  
subplot
(making it unclickable) and also close the figure when both images  
have been
clicked on, but I am stuck on implementing this. Anyone have any  
suggestions.

I am using the TkAgg interface on a Mac.

Cheers
Tommy
tgrav at mac.com
http://homepage.mac.com/tgrav/

"Any intelligent fool can make things bigger,
more complex, and more violent. It takes a
touch of genious -- and a lot of courage --
to move in the opposite direction"
                          -- Albert Einstein


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From zarrg at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:33:53 2006
From: zarrg at hotmail.com (zarrg at hotmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 07:33:53 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
In-Reply-To: <1152739140.390174.208770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8086.1152724589.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8093.1152734673.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152739140.390174.208770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152801233.738398.294200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Skip,
> I agree. Some kind of a manifest or log file would be great and
> probably not that hard to implement.
> Nick

What's wrong with the "record" option of install:
  python setup.py install --record installed_files

Then it's pretty easy to do:
  rm -rf  `cat installed_files`

Hmm, I guess that's easy on *nix.
Maybe setup *should* support uninstall for consistant cross-platform
behavior.

-- George
>
> skip at pobox.com wrote:
> > Nick> Uninstall support is hard, you would turn distutils (setup.py)
> >     Nick> into a package management system, but wait...!  there are already
> >     Nick> package managers that do exactly that (rpm, deb, Windows
> >     Nick> Installer).
> >
> > Note that I don't really care about uninstall support, certainly not enough
> > to go through the pain of editing distutils.  I'd be happy if the installer
> > wrote a MANIFEST file that tells me what files and directories it did
> > install.  I'm not as worried about dependencies or overlaps between packages
> > as much as making sure that when I want to get rid of package X I can
> > actually delete all of its files.  I also realize that's not truly package
> > management in the rpm/deb sense, but that would be good enough for me.
> >
> > My message was simply pointing out that telling people "use RPM or DEB" is
> > not really acceptable.  Not everyone uses Linux.  Or Windows.  Or Macs.
> > Python is a cross-platform language.  Through distutils it includes a basic
> > cross-platform installation facility.  It probably ought to also have a
> > corresponding basic cross-platform uninstall facility.
> > 
> > Skip



From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:18:12 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:18:12 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <slrneck39i.72t.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneck39i.72t.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1154092692.163998.227740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Yes, because after the "c:" you expect a backslash, and not a tab
> character. Read the manual again about raw strings and character
> escaping, it'll do you good.


doh.  i shall do that.

thanks.



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul  3 00:27:19 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 21:27:19 -0700
Subject: how to stop python...
Message-ID: <037001c69e58$f9c9cb20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything similar. how can a
python app be stopped?

the docs refer to a sys.stop.. but i can't find anything else... am i
missing something...

thanks

-bruce



From http  Tue Jul 25 13:26:48 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 10:26:48 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44C6471E.3080106@mvista.com>
	<12qrr8nnk5uc0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8531.1153846545.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xslkp1tpj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
> I'd be all for using processes but setting up communication between
> processes would be difficult wouldn't it?  I mean, threads have
> shared memory so making sure all threads know the current system
> state is an easy thing.  With processes wouldn't I have to setup
> some type of server/client design, where one process has the system
> state and then the other processes constantly probe the host when
> they need the current system state? --

http://poshmodule.sf.net might be of interest.


From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 18 04:08:36 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:08:36 +0200
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <1153166475.113733.59010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
	<gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>	<1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>	<1153164960.252709.46920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<12bnqcjq3j5mu1d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153166475.113733.59010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BC9704.1050203@designaproduct.biz>

nephish at xit.net ?rta:
> ok, yeah, thats in my book.
> thanks, and no, it isn't enabled.
> thanks again for everything
> -sk
>   
Another hint: use select.select() on the socket before reading. It will 
tell you if recv() will block or not. This way you can implement your 
own async timeout and do something else in your program while waiting 
for the connection to be available.

Best,

   Laszlo



From http  Mon Jul 17 07:27:08 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 04:27:08 -0700
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7xejwka3jc.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153135412.198604.242440@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xejwk320j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Claus Tondering" <claus.tondering at gmail.com> writes:
> Does this mean that I cannot even call the main thread's after_idle
> method from another thread?

I'm not certain, I've never tried it that way since there's no way I
could be confident of its reliability even if it appeared to work.
Just use after_idle to check for a Queue item and set another
after_idle event.  I generally use about 50 msec (20 hz) which doesn't
cause any noticable delay for a gui.  Call the first after_idle from
the gui thread when you put up the gui.


From robert.differentone at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 16:47:13 2006
From: robert.differentone at gmail.com (robert.differentone at gmail.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 13:47:13 -0700
Subject: Calling python functions from C
Message-ID: <1153082833.366609.204830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Could anybody tell me how to call python modules from C.

e.g. my Python module :
def add(a,b)
        return(a+b)

How can I call "add.py" from C? Please post any simple example.

I have read Python embedding in Python Manual but I get "ImportError"
all the time? 

 Any help would be appreciated !

R.



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:11:18 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:11:18 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

http://tinyurl.com/6yz2g

If you do

from tom import *

then you no longer need tom, you imported all of his FUNCTIONS (never
heard of submodule).

rd



From matej.cepl at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 00:04:06 2006
From: matej.cepl at gmail.com (matej.cepl at gmail.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 21:04:06 -0700
Subject: unsynchronized text streams in OGG (lyrics)
Message-ID: <1153109046.826733.285130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I heard somewhere that OGG container format is capable of storing
arbitrary long text streams inside OGG container. I would love to use
it for storing lyrics inside the .ogg files.

Is it true? Could anybody provide more information how to do it? Is
there any Python code for doing this?

Thanks,

Matej Cepl



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 10 12:39:12 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 09:39:12 -0700
Subject: mechanize select_form issue..
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607092317590.8452@localhost>
Message-ID: <074a01c6a43f$6052c590$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

update to an ongoing issue i've been having regarding html/Browser and
selecting forms.

i've created a basic test app, and created a stripped down page of html. the
html has a single form.

i get the following error:
fname =  main  <<<< the app can find the frame from the XPath...

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./axess.py", line 90, in ?
    br.select_form(name = "main")  <<<<< app is dying!!!
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 354, in
select_form
mechanize._mechanize.BrowserStateError: not viewing HTML


any thoughts/ideas/comments will be useful!!


thanks

-bruce


test code
---------------------------
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
#import numarray
import httplib
from  mechanize import Browser, RobustFactory
import mechanize
from BeautifulSoup import *

########################
#
# Parsing App Information
########################




# datafile
tfile = open("stanford.dat", 'wr+')

cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
br = Browser()


if __name__ == "__main__":
# main app


#----------------------------
# start trying to get the stanford pages
  cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
#  br = Browser(factory=RobustFactory())
  br = Browser()

  fh = open('axess1.dat')
  s = fh.read()
  fh.close()


  br.open("file:///home/test/axess1.dat")
#  br.open(s)

  print "foo"

  # particular cookiejar)
  br.set_cookiejar(cj)

  response = br.response()  # this is a copy of response

  fnamepath = "/html/body[@class='PSPAGE']/form[1]/attribute::name"

  s = response.read()
  print response.read()
  d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)


  ff = d.xpath(fnamepath)
  fname = ff[0].nodeValue
  print "fname = ",fname
  br.select_form(name = "main")

  print "ssssss"
  sys.exit()



test html
---------------------------
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<title>View Schedule of Classes</title>
</head>
<body class='PSPAGE' >
<br>
<form name="main" method="post" action=
"/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&amp;Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVICES
&amp;Market=GBL&amp;PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"
autocomplete="off" id="main">
</form>
</body>
</html>

hi john...

this is in regards to the web/parsing/factory/beautifulsoup....

to reiterate, i have python 2.4, mechanize, browser, beatifulsoup installed.
i have the latest mech from svn.

i'm getting the same err as reported by john t. the code/err follows.. (i
can resend the test html if you need)


any thoughts/pointers/etc would be helpful...

thanks

-bruce



test code
#! /usr/bin/env python


#test python script
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
#import numarray
import httplib
from  mechanize import Browser, RobustFactory
import mechanize
import BeautifulSoup

########################
#
# Parsing App Information
########################




# datafile
tfile = open("stanford.dat", 'wr+')

cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
br = Browser()


if __name__ == "__main__":
# main app


#----------------------------
# start trying to get the stanford pages
  cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
  br = Browser(factory=RobustFactory())

  fh = open('axess.dat')
  s = fh.read()
  fh.close()


  br.open("file:///home/test/axess.dat")
  .
  .
  .
  .



err/output
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./axess.py", line 45, in ?
    br.open("file:///home/test/axess.dat")
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 130, in
open
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 170, in
_mech_open
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 213, in
set_response
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 577, in
set_response
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 316, in
__init__
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1326, in
__init__
    BeautifulStoneSoup.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 973, in
__init__
    self._feed()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 987, in
_feed
    smartQuotesTo=self.smartQuotesTo)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1580, in
__init__
    u = self._convertFrom(proposedEncoding)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1614, in
_convertFrom
    proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1731, in
find_codec
    return self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset)) \
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1740, in
_codec
    codecs.lookup(charset)
TypeError: lookup() argument 1 must be string, not bool




is this where i've seen references to integrating Beautifulsoup in the wb
browsing app?

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of John J Lee
Sent: Monday, July 10, 2006 2:29 AM
To: wwwsearch-general at lists.sourceforge.net
Cc: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors


On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, bruce wrote:
[...]
> sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'
>
>
> partial html
> -----------------------------------
> </table>
> <br />
> <FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
>
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
> CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">
[...]

You don't include the HTML mentioned in the exception message ('<!
Others/0/WIN; Too') in the part of the HTML that you quote, but that
snippet is enough to see what's wrong, and lets you find exactly where in
the HTML the problem lies.  Comments in HTML start with '<!--' and end
with '-->'.  The comment sgmllib is complaining about is missing the '--'.

You can work around bad HTML using the .set_data() method on response
objects and the .set_response() method on Browser.  Call the latter before
you call any other methods that would require parsing the HTML.

r = br.response()
r.set_data(clean_html(br.get_data()))
br.set_response(r)


You must write clean_html yourself (though you may use an external tool to
do so, of course).

Alternatively, use a more robust parser, e.g.

br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory())


(you may also integrate another parser of your choice with mechanize, with
more effort)


John
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul  7 16:31:29 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 16:31:29 -0400
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7814.1152110745.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneape01.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7889.1152261528.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneask5e.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <XNGdnUebGMA_WTPZnZ2dnUVZ_t2dnZ2d@comcast.com>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrneask5e.ioc.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
> others might be helped if you took the trouble of explaining
> what was wrong.

Aside from F., I tried to explain what I think you said wrong.  Did you 
read it?  Did it help any?

tjr






From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 07:34:08 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:04:08 +0530
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <44cddf95$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<mailman.8723.1154342143.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44cddf95$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607310434q4dc1b7c0l4fa7d3e8f4ebae33@mail.gmail.com>

oops ! my mistake :-D

On 7/31/06, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Amit Khemka wrote:
> > how about:
> >
> > vals = []
> > for val in mydict.values():
> >   try: vals.extend(val)
> >   except: vals.append(val)
>
> >>> l = []
> >>> l.extend((1, 2))
> >>> l
> [1, 2]
> >>> l.extend('ab')
> >>> l
> [1, 2, 'a', 'b']

Oops, my mistake ... jumped in too quickly !

cheers,
-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 15:53:34 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 12:53:34 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1154030014.557304.70580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
> > Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but
> > issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be
> > addressed.
>
> Actually I don't understand the need for SSH.  This is traffic over a
> LAN, right?  Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted?  That's unusual; SSH
> is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the
> local network is usually trusted.  Hopefully it's not wireless.

Most places I've worked do use a lot of encryption on the LAN.  Not
everything on the LAN is encrypted (e.g outgoing http connections) but
a lot of things are.  Trusting the whole network is a bad idea, since
it allows a compromise of one machine to turn into a compromise of the
whole LAN.



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 21:16:52 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 18:16:52 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <1153145969.854053.55870@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn4ni.br2.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>
	<1153145969.854053.55870@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153185412.519191.287450@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

TG wrote:
> Sorry for the poor explanation. I'm trying to put it clear now.
>
> i've got A and B. I'm looking for X. I made a mistake in my equation
> :-/
>
> It's more like :
>
> A.X - B >= O
>
> Well, maybe it will be much more simple if I explain the underlying
> problem :
>
> I have an array of N dimensions (generally 2).
> - A first calculation gives me a set of integer coordinates inside this
> array, which I will call the point W.
> - After several other calculations, I've got a set of coordinates in
> this N dimensional space that are floating values, and not bound to the
> limits of my original N-array. This is the point L.
>
> What I want to do is to translate the point L along the vector LW in
> order to get a point L' which coordinates are inside the original
> N-dimensional array. Then it will be easy to get the closest integer
> coordinates from L'.

I see.  You have a simple linear programming problem.  These can be
tricky in general.  Because you only have one variable, it's probably
ok to use brute force.  Try this:

given X, A, and B:

E = A*X-B
C = numpy.where(E<0,B/A,X)
X = min(C)

This assumes that you've designed the problem such that B/A would be
less than X where A*X-B<0 (if the opposite were true then of course
you'd need max(C)).


Carl Banks



From jelleferinga at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 05:51:17 2006
From: jelleferinga at gmail.com (jelle)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 02:51:17 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
In-Reply-To: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152525076.996668.17560@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I think SPE is a terrific IDE, a real pleasure to work with!
Also it's very complete in terms of functionality.

http://stani.be/python/spe/page_download



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Wed Jul 19 16:57:42 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 13:57:42 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
>
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
>
>
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
>
> Dave
Hi Dave,
In Digital electronics we have what are called netlists, (and also
component lists)

We have component types (map them to component objects); named
instances of components (instances); then we have net types (you could
probably get away with one net type) which models connections between
ports on a component.


class Port:
  def __init__(self, direction):
      self.direction = direction
class Comp:
  def __init__(self,compType,name):
      self.upstream = Port("U")
      self.downstream = Port("D")
      self.name = name
      self.compType = compType
class Link:
    def __init__(self, name, *connections):
        self.connections = connections
        self.name = name

# Instantiate your components
supply1 = Comp("supply", "supply1")
supply2 = Comp("supply", "supply2")
compressor1 = Comp("compressor", "compressor1")

# Instantiate Links and link in ports of component intances
supply2comp = Link("supply2comp", supply1.downstream,
compressor1.upstream)
# ...

With a bit more effort you can create component and link factories
that will name instances with the variable they are assigned to
without having to put that information in twice.

- Paddy.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 13:24:50 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:24:50 +0200
Subject: Multiplatform scripts: Can I avoid os.sep?
In-Reply-To: <1152811363.024830.293170@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152811363.024830.293170@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b681e3$0$17407$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Mike Kent wrote:
(snip - about Jason Orendorff's path module)
> Of course, using the '/' operator in this manner makes some people's
> heads explode.

+1 QOTW


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Fri Jul 14 21:58:45 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 18:58:45 -0700
Subject: Getting focused window of another app
Message-ID: <1152928725.290044.305350@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Anyone know how to get the caption of the window currently in focus in
whatever app is in use? If I am using Excel, for example, I want my
python app to know that Excel is currently being used.



From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 22:23:54 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 19:23:54 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> > danielx wrote:
> > > At first I was going to post the following:
> > >
> > > <!-- beginning of my original post -->
> > >
> > (snip)
> > >
> > > <!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->
> > >
> > > but then I tried this:
> > >
> > >
> > >>>>res = Foo.__dict__['func']
> > >>>>res is dan
> > >
> > > True
> > >
> > > And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
> > > not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
> > > a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!
> > > This is still a little bit of magic,
> >
> > FWIW, the function class implements the descriptor protocol... Here's
> > the "magic".
> >
> > > which gets me thinking again about
> > > the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> > > and unexpected in my case,
> >
> > "unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
> > passed as first arg when doing method calls ?
>
> Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
> motivated me to post.
>
> >
> > > why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> > > privates?
> >
> > What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
> > restriction ?
>
> I knew someone would bring this up. The motivation would not be to
> provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
> for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
> help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
> side the stuff they should not?
>
> Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> (I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> interactive Python. This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
> hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
> when he really shouldn't.
>


if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!

and it gets ommited from all the doc generation

if you prefix with a double underscore, then they have to go even
FARTHER out of their way to shoot themselves in the foot.

Python takes the stance of "personal responsiblity" when it comes to
access control. Which in NO WAY dimishes its "robustness" or anything
else.

just read the DailyWTF.com, incompentent people will abuse any language
features in any language, and will figure out how to break programatic
access control no matter how it is implemented. Matter of fact, Java
which in another thread someone was ADAMANT that did not expose private
anything from reflection ( and was wrong ) specifically allows you to
access all the private members, functions, everything. You just need to
tell it to turn all the "safeties" off.

>From the api:

public void setAccessible(boolean flag)
throws SecurityException

Set the accessible flag for this object to the indicated boolean value.
A value of true indicates that the reflected object should suppress
Java language access checking when it is used. A value of false
indicates that the reflected object should enforce Java language access
checks.

Setting the accessible flag in a reflected object permits sophisticated
applications with sufficient privilege, such as Java Object
Serialization or other persistence mechanisms, to manipulate objects in
a manner that would normally be prohibited.

so anything added to Python to enforce "access control" would
immediately be forced to provide some means to over-ride the checks for
pickle and the like. Not to even mention the argument that it would
break crap loads of existing code base.



From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 23 01:15:02 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 07:15:02 +0200
Subject: Compiler for external modules for python
In-Reply-To: <1153610576.338005.326300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153610576.338005.326300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c305d6$0$10152$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com wrote:
> Under this circumstances I tried to find the VC7 compiler from
> microsoft sites, however it deflect to the new version of VS2005, so I
> "lost the cord and the goat" .
> I do not know what to do. Does anybody has some guidelines about this
> matter?

You need to use VS 2003 to build Python extensions; VS 2005 does not
work. As Microsoft has stopped shipping VS 2003, you could try to get
a copy on ebay.

Alternatively, you can use GNU MingW to build Python extensions.

Regards,
Martin


From http  Thu Jul 13 08:12:04 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:12:04 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8083.1152721586.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152747231.862285.86080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8103.1152780902.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x7j2hzs9r.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <7xpsg9d7qj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Paul Rubin <http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> writes:
> Finally, I think to use Bloom filters effectively you have to choose
> nlayers and layersize carefully, according to the number of keys you
> expect to see, the amount of memory you have available, and/or the
> probability of false matches that you're willing to accept.  The
> standard references (whatever they are) about Bloom filters probably
> have some suitable formulas for computing these things.

Heh, there's an online calculator:

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Pete.Manolios/bloom-filters/calculator.html

Link is from 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter

which is a good article.  As described in the article, there's only
one "layer" in the Bloom filter (you use n different hashes but they
all touch the same bit map) which corresponds to how the ancient Unix
spell checker worked, I think.  It would take some analysis to show
which way is better.  I may try working out the formulas as an
exercise but I'm too sleepy for that right now.


From find at my.address.elsewhere  Sun Jul  2 18:28:50 2006
From: find at my.address.elsewhere (Matthias Blume)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 17:28:50 -0500
Subject: languages with full unicode support
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151276031.641318@elch.in-berlin.de>
	<4gd3iiF1md4lcU1@individual.net> <m164iml3px.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
	<1151857200.499567@elch.in-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <m2hd1zzlnh.fsf@hanabi.local>

Oliver Bandel <oliver at first.in-berlin.de> writes:

>>>Oliver Bandel wrote:
>>>
>>>>????? Xah-Lee san ;-)
>>>
>>>Uhm, I'd guess that Xah is Chinese. Be careful
>>>with such things in real life; Koreans might
>>>beat you up for this. Stay alive!
>> And the Japanese might beat him up, too.  For butchering their
>> language. :-)
>
> OK, back to ISO-8859-1 :)  no one needs so much symbols,
> this is enough: ??????? :)

There are plenty of people who need such symbols (more people than
those who need ?, btw).

Matthias

PS: It should have been ?????.


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 16:10:55 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 13:10:55 -0700
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c0c70f$0$5644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153599055.197837.291380@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
> > On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> >>danielx wrote:
> >>
> (snip)
> >>
> >>
> >>if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
> >>WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!
> >
> >
> > Personnaly I don't like this convention.
>
> To bad for you.
>
> > It isn't clear enough.
>
> Oh yes ?
>
> > Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
> > mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
> > module.
> >
> > Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
> > to an implementation variable from that module.
> >
> > So now I have
> > variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
> >
> >   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
> >      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
> >
> >   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
> >      I should be extra carefull using it.
>
> Either you imported with the "from othermodule import *" form (which you
> shouldn't do), and you *don't* have the implementation of othermodule,
> or your used the "import othermodule" form, in which case it's pretty
> obvious which names belongs to othermodule.
>
> Have any other, possibly valid, reason ?
>
> > And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)
>
> Too bad for you. Choose another language then... PHP, Perl, Ruby ?-)
>

"Too bad for you": While you have a valid point that this contention is
really just arbitrary (just like all conventions), could we be a little
gentler?

Personally, I don't think it looks very good either, but you just have
to deal with it if you're going to use the language properly.



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 17 18:11:09 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:11:09 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
In-Reply-To: <1153173174.104848.271260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<1153173174.104848.271260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BC0AFD.1000104@mvista.com>

pavlovevidence at gmail.com wrote:
>
>> ith a quick look.
>>     
>
>
> f = open("/path/to/data/directory/lockfile","r")
> try:
>     fcntl.flock(f.fileno(),fcntl.LOCK_EX)
>     ...access data freely here...
> finally:
>     f.close()
>
> Closing the file should release the lock (unless you have a truly
> horrible operating system).
>
>   
I also find that fcntl has problems with NFS (or at least, *I* had 
problems using the python fcntl module and nfs - could be that horrible 
operating system, but doing things like that over nfs can be tricky).


-carl

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From olsongt at verizon.net  Fri Jul 28 09:15:48 2006
From: olsongt at verizon.net (olsongt at verizon.net)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:15:48 -0700
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
In-Reply-To: <1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154092548.359367.6370@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Roman,
>
> According to the Python call syntax definition
> (http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
> seems like a minor bug.  Here are the  lines in question:
> -----http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html-----------
> call ::= primary "(" [argument_list [","]] ")"
> argument_list::=positional_arguments ["," keyword_arguments] ["," "*"
> expression] ["," "**" expression]
> 	| keyword_arguments ["," "*" expression] ["," "**" expression]
>         | "*" expression ["," "**" expression]
>         | "**" expression
> ----------------------------------------------------------
> If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
> 'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
> the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
> exhaustive example:
> --------------------------------------------------------

Actually, in the real BNF it's not allowed:

http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Grammar/Grammar?rev=46209&view=markup

parameters: '(' [varargslist] ')'
varargslist: ((fpdef ['=' test] ',')*
              ('*' NAME [',' '**' NAME] | '**' NAME) |
              fpdef ['=' test] (',' fpdef ['=' test])* [','])
fpdef: NAME | '(' fplist ')'



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 15:04:51 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 21:04:51 +0200
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b1520a$0$24277$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Paddy a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Frank Millman a ?crit :
>>
>>>Paddy wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>Hi,
>>>>I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
>>>>int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
>>>>explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
>>>>similar circumstances.
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>There has just been a long thread about this. I think I understand it
>>>now. Here is my explanation.
>>>
>>>Ignoring nested scopes for this exercise, references to objects (i.e.
>>>variable names) can exist in the local namespace or the global
>>>namespace. Python looks in the local namespace first, and if not found
>>>looks in the global namespace.
>>>
>>>Any name assigned to within the function is automatically deemed to
>>>exist in the local namespace, unless overridden with the global
>>>statement.
>>
>>And this even of the local bindings sequentially comes after another
>>access to the name, ie:
>>
>>g = 0
>>
>>def fun():
>>   x = g # UnboundLocalError here
>>   g += 1
>>   return x
>>
>>
>>>With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
>>>deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
>>>get Unbound Local Error.
>>
>>Right
>>
>>
>>>With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to,
>>
>>Right
>>
>>
>>> as it
>>>is mutable.
>>
>>n is effectively mutable, but this is totally irrelevant. In your
>>snippet, n is not 'assigned to', it's "mutated" (ie a state-modifying
>>method is called). The snippet:
>>
>>n[0] = n[0] + 1
>>
>>is syntactic sugar for
>>
>>n.__setitem__(0, n.__getitem__(0) + 1)
>>
>>IOW, it's just method calls on n.
> 
> 
> So,
> An assignment statement may assign an object to a name,

An assignment statement binds an object to a name.

> in which case
> the name is 'tagged' as being local,

Unless that names has been declared as global or lives in another 
namespace (ie is an element of a mutable collection or an attribute of 
another object).

> An assignment statement may mutate a mutable object already bound to a
> name, in which case the assignment will not 'tag' the name as  being
> local.

consider this code:

class Foo(object):
   def __init__(self, baaz):
     self.baaz = baaz

def bar(foo, bak):
   foo.baaz = bak

Which name is getting rebound here ? foo, or foo.baaz ?

> I guess Bruno, you mean irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects
> can have their state modified; if n has a mutable value but the
> assignment statement changed the object referred to by n, then the name
> would be tagged as local'?

Unless the name has been declared as global, yes.


From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 12:38:23 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:38:23 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>

Alex Biddle <heuristic at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hey there.
> 
> I was wondering whether Python had any support out-of-the-box for
> database functionality, or database-like functionality.
> 
> For instance a lot of shared hosts have Python installed, but not the
> MySQL extension, the flexible of these would install it, but most of
> the time they wouldn't bother.
> 
> I was really looking for something like SQLite which ships bundled
> with PHP these days. Or any standard way of connecting to generic
> databases out of the box, i.e. MySQL.

Python 2.5's standard library includes pysqlite.  For any other DB, or
any previous release of Python, you need separate downloads.

Of course, shared hosts that are too lazy (and uninterested in
supporting Python) to perform a 20-seconds download and install, will
hardly be upgrading to Python 2.5 in the next 20 years or so, therefore
I doubt that pysqlite becoming part of the standard library is of any
help to the problem you have stated (in the "for instance" paragraph).


Alex


From krithika.sridhar at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 00:09:02 2006
From: krithika.sridhar at gmail.com (krithika.sridhar at gmail.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 21:09:02 -0700
Subject: change default install directory when using bdist_rpm
Message-ID: <1153454942.339491.123690@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I'm using :
python setup.py bdist_rpm

to create an rpm package to distribute my python app on linux.

When i install the rpm, the files are installed in
/usr/share/python/site-packages/..... directory by default.

How do i change the installation directory??

Thanks,
krithika



From tim.peters at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 15:25:59 2006
From: tim.peters at gmail.com (Tim Peters)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 15:25:59 -0400
Subject: Valgrind memory-checker reports memory problems in Python
In-Reply-To: <1152040274.803513.100560@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152040274.803513.100560@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1f7befae0607041225wf16e33cn887020508224ac32@mail.gmail.com>

[Nathan Bates]
> Are the Python developers running Python under Valgrind?

Please read Misc/README.valgrind (in your Python distribution).


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:45:36 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:45:36 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153305444.118873.158550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.12.34.53.891206@yahoo.fr>
	<1153305444.118873.158550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153305936.520175.88120@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Simon Hibbs wrote:
> rony steelandt wrote:
> > Since the event handler of a textctrl inherits from wxCommandEvent,
> > I would guess that the binding should be to EVT_COMMAND_KILL_FOCUS
>
> Still not working :(

I can trap EVT_TEXT_ENTER events successfuly, without using
EVT_COMMAND_ENTER. This almost gets me where I want to be. The user
must press 'enter' after modifying each value though. If they forget
the UI isn't updated, so I'd need some way of visualy distinguishing
between modified values that have been ENTER'd and those that haven't
which is a pain, and not very user friendly at all.

There must be some way of doing this, but blowed if I can figure it
out.

Simon



From 3dbernard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 14:07:48 2006
From: 3dbernard at gmail.com (Bernard Lebel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:07:48 -0400
Subject: Problem with sub-classing
Message-ID: <61d0e2b40607171107l2ec121exe090770cf4034d0e@mail.gmail.com>

Hello,

I have this problem when subclassing classes where I get this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "<Script Block >", line 344, in BBExportElementGranules_Execute
    from bb_pipeline import bb_exportelementgranules

File "\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_exportelementgranules.py",
line 101, in ?
    oWriter = bbExportGranules()

File "\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_granules\bb_granuleexport\bb_granuleexport_element.py",
line 73, in __init__
    bbExportMeta.__init__( self )

TypeError: unbound method __init__() must be called with bbExportMeta
instance as first argument (got bbExportGranules instance instead)
 - [line 343 in
\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\plugins\bb_pipeline\bb_pipeline_py.py]


In normal English:

I have class bbExportGranules
bbExportGranules is a sub-class of 6 other classes
In the __init__() of bbExportGranules class, I call the __init__() of
5 of these super-classes.


The init of bbExportGranules:

class bbExportGranules( bbExportMeta, bbExportClusters,
bbExportMaterials, bbExportKinematics, bbExportModels, bbExportMetaToc
):
	
	def __init__( self ):
		
		bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
		bbExportClusters.__init__( self )
		bbExportMaterials.__init__( self )
		bbExportKinematics.__init__( self )
		bbExportModels.__init__( self )


And the bbExportMeta class (the error is raised when bbExportGranules
is subclassing that one):

class bbExportMeta:
	
	def __init__( self ):
		
		self.iPreviousAssetVersion = gec.iNOPREVIOUSASSETVERSION
		self.iCurrentAssetVersion = gec.iMINCURRENTASSETVERSION
		self.sPreviousAssetProject = xsi.getdefaultproject()




Any suggestion? I really, really don't see what I'm doing wrong here,
especially that it actually used to work!



Thanks
Bernard


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 21 09:48:24 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 08:48:24 -0500
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C0DB28.6010909@tim.thechases.com>

abcd wrote:
> how can i determine if a given character sequence matches my regex,
> completely?
> 
> in java for example I can do,
> Pattern.compile(regex).matcher(input).matches()
> 
> this returns True/False whether or not input matches the regex
> completely.
> 
> is there a matches in python?

 >>> import re
 >>> 'match' in dir(re)
True
 >>> help(re.match)
Help on function match in module sre:

match(pattern, string, flags=0)
     Try to apply the pattern at the start of the string, returning
     a match object, or None if no match was found.


For more info, see

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-re.html

-tkc







From pipedreamergrey at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 10:45:45 2006
From: pipedreamergrey at gmail.com (PipedreamerGrey)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 07:45:45 -0700
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
In-Reply-To: <eab7s7$vor$02$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<eaaepk$p9v$00$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1154019446.157660.112970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<eab7s7$vor$02$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1154097945.066747.52330@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Perfect.  That's exactly what I wanted.  Thanks.

For those reading this later on, the following script will crawl
through a directory, select all the text files, dump them into seperate
numbered html files in the parent directory (in which the python script
is executed).  In this example, the first line of the text file is
placed into a table with a randomly colored background.  With a little
work, the text files can be complexly formatted, each folder can be
color coded, etc.

#! /usr/bin/python
import glob
import fileinput
import os
import string
import sys

count == 1
number == 1

class DirectoryWalker:
    # a forward iterator that traverses a directory tree, and
    # returns the filename

    def __init__(self, directory):
        self.stack = [directory]
        self.files = []
        self.index = 0

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        while 1:
            try:
                file = self.files[self.index]
                self.index = self.index + 1
            except IndexError:
                # pop next directory from stack
                self.directory = self.stack.pop()
                self.files = os.listdir(self.directory)
                self.index = 0
            else:
                # get a filename, eliminate directories from list
                fullname = os.path.join(self.directory, file)
                if os.path.isdir(fullname) and not
os.path.islink(fullname):
                    self.stack.append(fullname)
                else:
                    return fullname

for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
 last_directory = None
for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
    issue = number +".html"
    directory = os.path.dirname(file)
    if directory != last_directory:
        color = random.choice(["#990000", "#009900", "#000099"])
        last_directory = directory

    # divide files names into path and extention
    path, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
    # choose the extention you would like to see in the list
    if ext == ".txt":
        print file
        file = open(file)
        fileContent = file.readlines()
       # just for example, let's say I want to print the color here as
if in an html tag...
        issue.write("<html><head></head><body>")
        for line in fileContent:
            if not line.startswith("\n"):
	    if count == 1:
	        issue.write('<table bgcolor="'+color+'" width="100%"
border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tr><td>')
                    issue.write(line)
                    issue.write("</td></tr></table>")
	        count = count + 1
                else:
	        issue.write("<p>")
                    issue.write(line)
                    issue.write("</p>")
        issue.write("</body></html>")    
issue.close()



From exarkun at divmod.com  Sat Jul  1 13:00:40 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 13:00:40 -0400
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
In-Reply-To: <Svxpg.192$iW2.179@trnddc03>
Message-ID: <20060701170040.29014.154785920.divmod.quotient.17996@ohm>

On Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:36:02 GMT, LittlePython <littlepython at lost.com> wrote:
>I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
>example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
>authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great as I am
>a "baby python" who is very green with threading..

Threaded programming is extremely difficult.  Most good newbie introductions
to it consist of warnings not to use it.

Do you have a particular application in mind?  Perhaps someone can suggest
a more specific, simpler solution.

Jean-Paul


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 18 09:29:15 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:29:15 GMT
Subject: array alice of [:-0] ??
References: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <slrnebpohb.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-18, guthrie <guthrie at mum.edu> wrote:
> Beginner question! :-)
>
> x=[1,2,3,4]
> for i in range(len(x)):
>     print x[:-i]
>
> >>> []
> >>> [1,2,3]
> >>> [1,2]
> >>> [1]
>
> 1) The x[:-0] result seems inconsistent to me;
>      I get the idea that -0=0, so it is taken as x[:0] -> []

That is correct. Negative indexes are a handy shorthand, but
they can give unexpected/strange results in a number of cases.

> 2) how then should one do this basic left-recursive subsetting (easily).

  x=[1,2,3,4]
  lng = len(x)
  for i in range(lng):
      print x[:lng-i]

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Mon Jul 24 17:01:02 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 14:01:02 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
In-Reply-To: <1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153774861.991891.325570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> gmax2006 wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > Is it possible that a python script finds out whether another instance
> > of it is currently running or not?
> >
> > Thank you,
> > Max
>
> Yes, there are several ways.  What OS are you using?
>
> ~Simon

I have to use an os-independent approach.

At this point I use a file as running-flag. It doesn't work so good.
Because if the python application breaks or get terminated, it won't
run again unless somebody deletes the flag file.

Alan



From brochu121 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 14:04:33 2006
From: brochu121 at gmail.com (david brochu jr)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:04:33 -0400
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
Message-ID: <9583ed900607261104i23230ba2sa634e3969b70f3b3@mail.gmail.com>

Hey everyone,

I am trying to automate navigating to urls (all from a txt file) 1 at a time
in Firefox and then killing firefox before navigating to the next. I think I
might have to use PyXPCOM to do this but I have never used this package and
cannot find any good resources on the net to help me along. Anyone have an
idea as to how I would do this or have any good resources they could point
me to?


Thanks
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From riquito at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 10:02:55 2006
From: riquito at gmail.com (riquito at gmail.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 07:02:55 -0700
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8368.1153402047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153404175.218647.158680@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden ha scritto:

> Anoop wrote:
> > Thanks Stefen
> >
> > let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
> > function in the deprecated format
> >
> > map(string.lower,list)
> >
> To avoid the deprecated usage you would use the unbound method of the
> str type (that's the type of all strings):
>
>   >>> lst = ['Steve', 'Holden']
>   >>> map(str.lower, lst)
> ['steve', 'holden']
>   >>>

This isn't exactly equal to use string.lower, because this work with
just encoded strings, when string.lower works with unicode too.
I'm used to have a "lower" func like this one
def lower(x): return x.lower()
to use in map. Of course it's a problem when you need many different
methods.

A solution could be something like this
>>> def doit(what):
...    def func(x):
...       return getattr(x,what)()
...    return func
...
>>> map(doit('lower'),['aBcD',u'\xc0'])
['abcd', u'\xe0']
>>> map(doit('upper'),['aBcD',u'\xc0'])
['ABCD', u'\xc0']

The best is to use in advance just unicode or encoded strings in your
program, but this is not always possible :-/

Riccardo Galli



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From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Mon Jul 17 14:31:32 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:31:32 -0700
Subject: unicode html
In-Reply-To: <slrnebn3hk.9kh.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn3hk.9kh.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153161092.684779.270680@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com enlightened us with:
>
> > As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
> > \uc3B4 => &ocirc;
> > for all available html entities.
>
> Why would you want that? Just make sure you declare your document as
> UTF-8, encode it as such, and you're done. Much easier.
For example, I am programming a script that makes html pages, but I do
not have the ability to change the "Content-Type .. charset=.." line
that is sent preceeding those pages.

Jim



From noahmd at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 19:21:34 2006
From: noahmd at gmail.com (noahmd at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:21:34 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
Message-ID: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Okay, once-upon-a-time I tried to start programming by learning C.  At
the time I was younger and didn't really understand all that C had to
offer.  I eventually moved over to Microsoft's Visual Basic.  It was
nice to be able to design a visual application with no effort (too bad
I didn't really learn the ins and outs of programming)

Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.  Is Windows
an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
program under Python?



From nospam at invalid.com  Sat Jul  8 00:51:06 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 21:51:06 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<rbWdnY8e6_awpTPZnZ2dnUVZ_vadnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<fv2dnWjtzonHEzPZnZ2dnUVZ_sidnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152298110.221206.326750@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <yfCdnXHlKLp3pDLZnZ2dnUVZ_qOdnZ2d@comcast.com>

I'm using CherryPy 2.2.1.
I just ran benchmark.py multiple times. The fastest it got is 195 req/sec, 
with
50 threads. Python was taking 50+% CPU when the test was running.

> It would be good to know which version of CherryPy you are using. That
> wiki page is talking about the CP 2.0 branch; 2.1 and later are quite
> different. If you have a later version, try using
> cherrypy/test/benchmark.py
>
> Note also that you can use lighttpd as an HTTP server for CherryPy apps
> via FCGI/SCGI.




From greg.ewing at canterbury.ac.nz  Wed Jul 26 21:59:31 2006
From: greg.ewing at canterbury.ac.nz (Greg Ewing)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:59:31 +1200
Subject: SDL doesn't cope well with FreeSans
Message-ID: <44C81E03.6000502@canterbury.ac.nz>

Whenever I try to use the FreeSans font with SDL,
either through PyGame or Soya, I get disappointing
results. The characters come out slightly
higglety-pigglety -- randomly displaced up or down
a pixel or so from the baseline.

Something about the calculation of the font height
seems to be off, too.

The fonts that come with MacOSX don't have these
problems, so the fault doesn't seem to be with SDL
or FreeType.

Has anyone else noticed this? If it's a problem
with the quality of FreeSans, can anyone recommend
a free Helvetica-like font family that doesn't
have this problem?

--
Greg


From exter_c at hotmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:25:37 2006
From: exter_c at hotmail.com (Johhny)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:25:37 -0700
Subject: getting current UNIX uid
Message-ID: <1152195937.236858.183080@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I am trying to get the user that is running the scripts uid, I have had
a look at the pwd module and it does not appear to offer that
functionality. Is there any way within python to get that information ?

Regards,

Johhny



From JKPeck at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:12:01 2006
From: JKPeck at gmail.com (JKPeck)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:12:01 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
In-Reply-To: <1152690439.515056.101010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152690439.515056.101010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152713520.974044.249120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the advice.  Once assured that __hash__ etc was the right
route, I found that using hash() instead of object.__hash__() gave me
stable hash valules.  (I am hashing strings that I know to be unique.)

The "no luck" situation was that a set would accept the same object
multiple times, not recognizing that it was truly the same object.


Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> JK,
>
> You are correct to implement __hash__ and __eq__. The problem is how
> you implemented them. Usually your __eq__ method should compare the
> necessary attributes of the objects for equality. The __hash__ should
> return a 32-bit integer. Your best bet is probably to return a hash of
> hashes of your attributes that are used in equality comparison. What
> this means is that your attributes used to produce the __hash__ should
> also be hashable. This is important yet not immediatly obvious. So you
> could for example return hash( (attribute1, attribute2, attribute3) ),
> where attribute1, attribute2, attribute3 are all hashable.
>  Of course, you provided no code and no error messages (the
> 'SoFarNoLuck' exception is not descriptive enough ; )
>
> Hope this helps
>
>
>
> JKPeck wrote:
> > I would like to be able use sets where the set members are objects of a
> > class I wrote.
> > I want the members to be distinguished by some of the object content,
> > but I have not figured out how a set determines whether two (potential)
> > elements are identical.  I tried implementing __eq__ and __ne__ and
> > __hash__ to make objects with identical content behave as identical for
> > set membership, but so far no luck.
> >
> > I could subclass set if necessary, but I still don't know what I would
> > need to override.
> > 
> > TIA for any advice you can offer.



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 19:28:36 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 16:28:36 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joe Marshall wrote:
> Marshall wrote:
> >
> > Consider the following Java fragment:
> >
> > void foo() {
> >   int i = 0;
> >   int j = 0;
> >
> >   // put any code here you want
> >
> >   j = 1;
> >   i = 2;
> >   // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled in
> > above.
> >   // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.
> >
> > }
>
> True, but you have hidden the pointers.  Semantically, the identifiers
> i and j refer not to integers but to locations that hold integers.  The
> assignment modifies the location.

What the implementation looks like shouldn't affect how we speak
of the logical model. In the above code, there are no pointers.

By your definition, "pointer" and "variable" are synonyms. That doesn't
seem like a good idea to me. (What if i and j end up in registers?
I have not heard it said that registers have addresses.)


> > Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
> > identity. But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
> > without the possibility of identity.
>
> The identity is temporal:  You use the same variable name at two
> different times.  Do you intend for the second `i' to mean the same
> variable as the first `i'?

Okay, so "i" and "i" have the same identity. I suppose you could argue
that the language's namespace is an address-space, and variable names
are addresses. At this point, though, you've made the concept of
identity
so broad that it is now necessarily a property of all languages that
use
named values, whether updatable or not. I think you would also have
to call "3" a void pointer by this scheme.

Clearly there is *some* difference between a language which allows
explicit pointers and thus aliasing and one that doesn't. What term
would you use? First-class variables?


Marshall



From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 04:48:58 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 01:48:58 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <slrneckf2e.5p1.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneckf2e.5p1.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1154335738.547812.238440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Ben Sizer enlightened us with:
> > PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which
> > was also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with
> > hardware advances at all.
>
> Still, ID Software and Epic both use SDL + OpenGL for their games. Why
> is it good for them but insufficient for you?

Because id and Epic have many millions of dollars and better developers
to throw at the problem than I do. :)  To put it another way, they have
lots of in-house middleware that is built on top of those technologies
to make them more effective. SDL and OpenGL is the bottom of the stack
for them. We mere mortals often prefer to start with something a little
higher level. :)

-- 
Ben Sizer



From wojciech at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 14:29:24 2006
From: wojciech at gmail.com (wojciech at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 11:29:24 -0700
Subject: Referring to Interpreter (Jython)
Message-ID: <1153679364.365522.100610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi everyone,

I apologize if this is a bit off-topic. I am currently working on a
Java-based application that is used Jython as a scripting language
within the actual program. However, for one of my GUI elements, I need
to pass the actual PythonInterpeter to the constructor.

I know that in Java there is the "this" keyword which allows an object
to refer to itself. Does anyone know if there is a way to use a similar
type of keyword to have the PythonInterpreter refer to itself?

Thanks,
Wojciech

P.S.

If there is a more appropriate newsgroup to which I should post this,
please let me know.



From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Sat Jul 15 10:32:47 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 07:32:47 -0700
Subject: Getting focused window of another app
References: <1152928725.290044.305350@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152973967.707292.156150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Never mind ...
wHnd = win32gui.GetForegroundWindow()
Caption = win32gui.GetWindowText (wHnd)



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul 30 18:52:51 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 00:52:51 +0200
Subject: Html character entity conversion
In-Reply-To: <1154284989.671967.270330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>
	<1154284989.671967.270330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eajd80$kf4$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>>pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
>>
>>>Here is my script:
>>>
>>>from mechanize import *
>>>from BeautifulSoup import *
>>>import StringIO
>>>b = Browser()
>>>f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
>>>b.select_form(nr=0)
>>>b["source"] = "hello python"
>>>html = b.submit().get_data()
>>>soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
>>>print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
>>>
>>>OUTPUT:
>>>&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
>>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
>>>----------
>>>In russian it looks like:
>>>"?????? ?????"
>>>
>>>How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
>>>
>>>--
>>>Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
>>>
>>
>>Translate to what and with what purpose?
>>
>>Assuming your intention is to get a Python Unicode string, what about:
>>
>>strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
>>strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
>>strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
>>
>>?
>>
>>I am sure, there is a more elegant and direct solution, but just wanted
>>to provide here some quick response.
>>
>>Claudio Grondi
> 
> 
> Thank you, Claudio.
> Really interest solution, but it doesn't work...
> 
> In [19]: strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
> 
> In [20]: strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
> 
> In [21]: strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
> 
> In [22]: print strUnicode
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError                        Traceback (most
> recent call last)
> 
> C:\Documents and Settings\dron\<ipython console>
> 
> C:\usr\lib\encodings\cp866.py in encode(self, input, errors)
>      16     def encode(self,input,errors='strict'):
>      17
> ---> 18         return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
>      19
>      20     def decode(self,input,errors='strict'):
> 
> UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position
> 0-5: character maps to <undefined>
> 
> In [23]: print strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
> ?????????????????? ???????????????
> <-- it's not my string "?????? ?????"
> 
> In [24]: strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
> Out[24]:
> '\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x88\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x81\xb4\xe1\x81\xb7\xe1\x82\x90
> \xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x82\x90\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x82\
> x85' <-- and too many chars
> 
Have you considered, that the HTML page specifies charset=windows-1251 
in its
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 
charset=windows-1251"> tag ?
You are apparently on Linux or so, so I can't track this problem down 
having only a Windows box here, but inbetween I know that there is 
another problem with it:
I have erronously assumed, that the numbers in &#1087; are hexadecimal, 
but they are decimal, so it is necessary to do hex(int('1087')) on them 
to get at the right code to put into eval().
As you know now the idea I hope you will succeed as I did with:

 >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = strHTML.replace('&#','').split(';')
 >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode
['1087', '1088', '1080', '1074', '1077', '1090', ' 1087', '1080', 
'1090', '1086', '1085', '']
 >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode[:-1]
 >>> lstHexUnicode = [ hex(int(item)) for item in lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode]
 >>> lstHexUnicode
['0x43f', '0x440', '0x438', '0x432', '0x435', '0x442', '0x43f', '0x438', 
'0x442', '0x43e', '0x43d']
 >>> eval( 'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
u'\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d'
 >>> strUnicode = eval( 
'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
 >>> print strUnicode
???????????

Sorry for that mess not taking the space into consideration, but I think 
  you can get the idea anyway.

Claudio Grondi


From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 01:02:34 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 22:02:34 -0700
Subject: Using super()
In-Reply-To: <1153368569.992720.208230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153337380.850190.276550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153368569.992720.208230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153371754.664693.93400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Michele Simionato ha scritto:
> I believe the new style system was designed to allows this sort of
> mixing and
> that there are no issues at all.

Thinking a bit more, there are no issues at all if you know what a new
style class is and if you do not expect it to work as an old-style one
;) For the benefit of the OP, it may be useful to notice that there are
a few differences, most notably on how special methods works. Here is
an example:

class Old:
    pass

old = Old()

old.__str__ = lambda : 'hello!'

print old # special methods defined on the instance are recognized

class New(Old, object):
    pass

new = New()

new.__str__ = lambda : 'hello!' # special methods defined on the
instance are not recognized

print new


HTH,

           Michele Simionato



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 11:44:12 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:44:12 +0100
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9lk0m$i6l$1@sea.gmane.org>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
> 
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
> 
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
> 
> 
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
> 
Yes. You are building a generic data structure, so you shouldn't really 
be trying to store individual objects in variables like that. You need a 
data structure that's appropriate to your problem.

For example, you could consider storing them in a list, so you have

components = [supply(), compressor(), combuster()]

Then components[n] is upstream of components[n-1] and downstream of 
components[n+1].

In short, your thinking about data representation might need to become a 
little more sophisticated.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From chris at kateandchris.net  Sat Jul  8 15:36:34 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 15:36:34 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060708193634.GA9705@kateandchris.net>

Looks like x=x+[2] creats a new list to me:
>>> b = [8,5,6]
>>> x = b
>>> x = x + [2]
>>> print b,x
[8, 5, 6] [8, 5, 6, 2]

-Chris
On Sat, Jul 08, 2006 at 11:56:11AM -0700, nagy wrote:
> Thanks, Kirk.
> I considered the += as only a shorthand notation for the assignment
> operator.
> Since for lists + is simply a concatetation, I am not sure it x=x+[2]
> is creating a brand
> new list. Could you refer me to any documentation on this?
> Thanks,
> Nagy
> Kirk McDonald wrote:
> > nagy wrote:
> > > I do the following. First create lists x,y,z. Then add an element to x
> > > using the augumented assignment operator. This causes all the other
> > > lists to be changed also.
> > > But if I use the assignment x=x+[4] instead of using the augumented
> > > assignment, the y and z lists do not change.
> > > Why is that?
> > > This does not happen when I work with integer data type for example, as
> > > shown below.
> > >
> > > Thanks for your help
> > > Nagy
> > >
> > >
> > >>>>x=y=z=[]
> >
> > In this example, the '[]' creates a new list object. x, y, and z are all
> > set to reference that object.
> >
> > >>>>x+=[2]
> >
> > This does an "in-place" operation on that list, modifying (or
> > "mutating") the object directly.
> >
> > >>>>x
> > >
> >
> > > [2]
> > >
> > >>>>y
> > >
> > > [2]
> > >
> > >>>>z
> > >
> > > [2]
> > >
> > >>>>x=x+[4]
> >
> > This creates a new list that is the concatenation of the list created
> > above (the list [2]) with a new list (the list [4]). This brand new list
> > is bound to the name 'x'. The names 'y' and 'z' are left unchanged. That
> > is, they still point to the original list.
> >
> > >>>>
> > >>>>x
> > >
> > > [2, 4]
> > >
> > >>>>y
> > >
> > > [2]
> > >
> > >>>>z
> > >
> > > [2]
> > >
> > >>>>a=b=4
> >
> > This binds the names 'a' and 'b' to the integer object 4.
> >
> > >>>>b
> > >
> > > 4
> > >
> > >>>>a+=2
> >
> > This attempts to mutate the integer object 4, by adding 2 to it.
> > However, numbers in Python are immutable, and so the in-place operation
> > fails. Thus, it creates a new integer object equal to 6 (actually,
> > CPython keeps a cache of certain smaller integer objects and reuses
> > them, but this does not matter in practice). This new integer object is
> > bound to the name 'a'. The name 'b' remains bound to the original 4 object.
> > 
> > >>>>a
> > > 
> > > 6
> > > 
> > >>>>b
> > > 
> > > 4
> > >
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From skip at pobox.com  Sat Jul 15 07:53:05 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 06:53:05 -0500
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Wolfgang> So I have some variables which should be accessible by all my
    Wolfgang> functions but not accessible by the rest of my code. How can I
    Wolfgang> do this?

    Wolfgang> ###function.py:

    Wolfgang> c1=123.0
    Wolfgang> c2=134.0

    Wolfgang> def fun(temp):
    Wolfgang>   return temp+c1-c2

    Wolfgang> def fun1(temp):
    Wolfgang>   return temp-c1


    Wolfgang> ### caller.py
    Wolfgang> from function import *
    Wolfgang>   print fun(10.0)
    Wolfgang>   print c1

First, avoid "from function import *" as it pollutes your namespace.  Either
import specific symbols or just the module:

    from function import fun, fun1
    import function

Second, if you really must, add an __all__ list to function.py, generally
right at the top:

    __all__ = ['fun', 'fun1']

(Note that __all__ is a list of strings.)  The "from star" import will only
import the names in the __all__ list.  You can also "hide" individual names
from a "from star" import by prefixing them with a single underscore (e.g.,
"_c1" instead of "c1").

Third, one of Python's key concepts is "we're all adults here".  You can't
really and truly hide c1 and c2, so just act responsibly and don't mess with
them from outside the function module.

Skip


From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 06:40:52 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 03:40:52 -0700
Subject: python logging module problem
In-Reply-To: <1152867729.467998.301780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152867729.467998.301780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152873652.283142.308900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Vinay Sajip wrote:
>
> It's usual to rely on logger levels and to set handler levels for
> additional refinement of what goes to a particular handler's
> destination.
>

The problem is that for StreamHandler, logging module logs to
sys.stderr.
I want to use the logging feature for most of the messages my program
displays.

So some messages would be going to sys.stdout and some to sys.stderr.

So, I'm ended up creating two handlers, one for sys.stdout and the
other for sys.stderr.
I'd then make INFO level messages go to sys.stdout and DEBUG level
messages go to sys.stderr.

What do you suggest ??
Is it good doing this way ?

Ritesh



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:13:28 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:13:28 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Error message "cannot find wx"

infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/

I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I need
to set some path or something.

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> "cannot get it to work." is pretty broad, you are more likely to get
> help if you post an error message or any other details.
>
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I wrote a small app using wxPython on a Linux distro called Ubuntu (it
> > is a debain derivative). I ran it on windows and it just worked
> > perfectly. Now, when I am trying to install the same app on a different
> > Linux Distro (Red Hat Linux) I cannot get it to work. This Red Hat
> > variant is a customized version of Red Hat of a Company where I work.
> > It uses python 2.3.4.
> > I installed wxPython and other dependencies mentioned on
> > http://www.wxpython.org/download.php
> >
> > Can somebody give me some pointers to get it working .?
> > 
> > Every help is appreciated.



From jo at durchholz.org  Sat Jul  1 03:28:22 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 09:28:22 +0200
Subject: What is Expressiveness in a Computer Language
In-Reply-To: <m1irmlf6n8.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
References: <lWLmg.102756$H71.27944@newssvr13.news.prodigy.com>
	<MPG.1f06508710eb95809896f1@news.altopia.net>
	<sddac82bc75.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<sddac82xs81.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<MPG.1f074872ce4e876e9896f7@news.altopia.net>
	<sddk676m4jz.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<MPG.1f07adba87e360d29896f8@news.altopia.net>
	<sdd1wtdymkm.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<MPG.1f08d526ff47053e989703@news.altopia.net>
	<sddk673lg5f.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<MPG.1f0a1caffd8f6cbf989717@news.altopia.net>
	<sddmzbzjjta.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>
	<1151384511.223582.305760@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<PUaog.484573$xt.282436@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gdkmiF1ldalhU3@individual.net>
	<ZQhog.486001$xt.89406@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gfcclF1mpbg7U1@individual.net>
	<6gwog.488405$xt.80841@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gfiufF1mg6h9U1@individual.net> <m1r719fi2a.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
	<1151518563.638141.313110@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<m1irmlf6n8.fsf@hana.uchicago.edu>
Message-ID: <e85866$clu$1@online.de>

Matthias Blume schrieb:
> Erlang relies on a combination of purity, concurrency, and message
> passing, where messages can carry higher-order values.
> 
> Data structures are immutable, and each computational agent is a
> thread.  Most threads consist a loop that explicitly passes state
> around.  It dispatches on some input event, applies a state
> transformer (which is a pure function), produces some output event (if
> necessary), and goes back to the beginning of the loop (by
> tail-calling itself) with the new state.

Actually any Erlang process, when seen from the outside, is impure: it 
has observable state.
However, from what I hear, such state is kept to a minimum. I.e. the 
state involved is just the state that's mandated by the purpose of the 
process, not by computational bookkeeping - you won't send file 
descriptors in a message, but maybe information about the state of some 
hardware, or about a permanent log.

So to me, the approach of Erlang seems to amount to "make pure 
programming so easy and efficient that aren't tempted to introduce state 
that isn't already there".

Regards,
Jo


From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 24 15:06:16 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:06:16 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153767976.683608.125290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

ok, i did this print ' '.join(["%02.2x" % ord(b) for b in message])
and i got this in the text file
5354580000002c000000ea3137353834363638353500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d6090d5400000000454e58
so, yes, more of the info seems discernable now.

according to their docs, all of their variables are sent as 32bit long
int (prefferably unsigned long int).

the developers at the server we are trying to talk to have released an
api for C (maybe C++) that comes in an osx module that one is supposed
to import into visual basic. I am not developing in visual basic, or
windows or C or C++. So my challenge is to get some of the same
functionality  out of python on debian linux.

the osx module is what they give out to developers who have apps that
need to talk with this server.

the starting and ending deliminators are ASCII 'STX' and 'ENX'. i
wondered why they did it like that also. But they did.

the message length is a 4 byte integer indicating how long the message
body is.
the message type is also 4 bytes. There is a table in the docs that
describe what each message type is. for example 200 = login,
etc...etc...

the big deal in the docs goes on about how the clients need the byte
order to match that of the arch that the server runs on 'Sun
UltraSPARC' , i think they run Solaris.

if i sound like i do not know what i am talking about... there is a
reason...  i am very new to this type of communication with the server.
I have about 6 months with python ( my first language ).

thanks for your help, gents .

-sk
Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-24, Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:
> > nephish at xit.net wrote:
> >> hello there, all.
> >>
> >> i have a difficult app that connects to a server to get information for
> >> our database here.
> >> this server is our access point to some equipment in the field that we
> >> monitor.
> >>
> >> the messages come in over a socket connection. And according to their
> >> (very limited) documentation, are set up in a particular order. like
> >> this
> >>
> >> STX [length indicator] [message type] [message body] ENX
> >>
> >> length indicator = length of the message body in 4 bytes
> >> message type = the code for what type of message is being sent
> >>    for example 200 = login
> >> message body = the actual command to send to the server
> >>
> >> STX and ENX are the values assigned to start and stop a message.
> >> they are literally 'STX' and 'ENX'
>
> > I believe you, but this is clearly a perversion of the
> > single-character "start of transmission" and "end of
> > transmission" that are part of the ASCII alphabet. So the
> > protocol designer may have been inexperienced, and the
> > documentation may be confused ...
>
> I had the same reaction: surely he means the frame is delmited
> at the beginning by the ASCII STX character (0x02) and the end
> by the ETX character (0x03).
>
> If somebody is indeed sending the three character string "STX"
> to mark the beginning of a frame and "ENX" to mark the end,
> then they're seriously confused (and can't spell).
>
> >> when i capture a message i can print it to the screen and the 'STX' at
> >> the beginning and the 'ENX' at the end are discernable, but the rest of
> >> the message looks like this..
> >>
> >> \x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00   and so on and so forth...
> >> with some commas and other symbols in there. (the e before the 17758
> >> has a little hat on it)
>
> So the unit number is an ASCII string.  Firstly, I'd recommend
> printing the message in hex:
>
> print ' '.join(["%02.2x" % ord(b) for b in message])
>
> That should make it easier to figure how which byte indexes
> contain the info you're looking for.
>
> >> If i print it out to a text file, i get this...
> >> STXNULNULNULea17758NULLNULL etc..
>
> I'm a but baffled how the string shown above would get printed
> like that.
>
> > The "\x00" is the Python repr() of a single-byte string containing a
> > null byte (i.e. a byte whose decimal value is zero).
> >
> >> now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
> >> the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
> >> real values out of this message.
>
> What is meant by "real values"?
>
> >> anyone have an idea where to start? i have experimented with
> >> struct, but do not know enough about it. Does anyone know a
> >> good tutorial about learning byte codes and such.
>
> What are "byte codes"?
>
> >> The docs on pythons website explain the module well, but i
> >> still do not know what to do with it.
>
> You've got to figure out the format and location within the
> message of the objects you care about.  Once you know that, you
> use struct to pull out the appropriate bytes and convert them
> into Python objects.
>
> If you know (or suspect) there are IEEE 754 32-bit floating
> point values in the message, then start converting all of the
> possible 4-byte chunks into Python floats (using both endian
> conventions) until you see numbers you recognize.
>
> Same for 64-bit floats and interger values of various sizes.
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  HUMAN REPLICAS are
>                                   at               inserted into VATS of
>                                visi.com            NUTRITIONAL YEAST...



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 11:40:35 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:40:35 +0200
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e90gpj$5ul$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Phoe6" <orsenthil at gmail.com> wrote:

> How do I compare the performance of pyConfig.py vs pyConparse.py using
> timeit module?

$ python -m timeit -s "import pyConfig" "pyConfig.pyConfig()"
$ python -m timeit -s "import pyConparse" "pyConparse.pyConParse()"

note that timeit runs the benchmarked function multiple times, so you may want
to remove the print statements.

</F> 





From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 12:16:05 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:16:05 +0200
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:
> Jeremy Jones wrote:
> 
> 
>>What does main.py do?  Are you creating an instance of the gui thingy?
>>If so, you could just pass DataObject into your gui thingy either into
>>the constructor or to a setter once you create an instance of it.
> 
> 
> It's a wxPython app. I created the GUI initialy using wxGlade which
> gave me a small myapp.py script, a file containing the main application
> frame (containing a listbook controll) and several files containing
> panel classes. Each panel class contains controlls for performing
> various operations on the data set (adding records, deleting them,
> running various transformations).

Do you mean the code effectively doing these operations is in the gui ?
If yes, it would be better to factor it out IMHO.

> I can't say I understand how it all
> works at a deep level,
> although I've been hacking it about quite
> successfuly so far.
> 
> Presumably if I pass DataObject through to the Frame object, and from
> there through to the Panel objects then presumably this will solve the
> probelm?

Presumably !-)

> I guess it would be passed by reference so all the panels
> would be working on the same data object?

Python doesn't really have a "pass by value" semantic, since "variables"
are really just names bound to (ie : refering to) objects. So when it
comes to arguments passing, the argument *name* is local to the function
(rebinding the name won't affect the binding in the caller's namespace),
but what's bound to the name is really a reference to the object (so
mutating the object will effectively affect it).

> Doh! How simple. Why didn't I think of that? I'm too used to procedural
> scripts where you'd just put everything in a global data structure. I
> know this is bad,

Well, depends on the size of the script. But it sure doesn't scale !-)

And FWIW, even with procedural, it's possible (and usually better) to
pass arguments around instead of having a big global datastructure.
Classes are handy when many functions needs to share state (work on a
same dataset), but there's no way to have one call the other and pass it
the dataset.

> but it's hard to get out of that mentality.

Seems you're on the right way !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 04:53:02 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:53:02 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <slrnecgt4m.679.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecgqha.63u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153986287.096250.44530@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecgt4m.679.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153990382.137086.82140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Ray enlightened us with:
> > Huh? No. The compiler will always tell you. Have you ever tried Java
> > before?
>
> I know what I'm talking about, I've got a degree in Computer Science
> from the University of Amsterdam.

Then how come you didn't know that the Java compiler will always tell
you? :)

>
> Sybren
> --
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                              Frank Zappa



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 10:54:33 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:54:33 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152790354.646776.148800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b62149$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152790354.646776.148800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b65eaa$0$21624$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>>>You choose a bad name for a *public* symbol.
>>>
>>>
>>>My point exactly! It doesn't solve my problem!
>>
>>What do you hope ? Something that cures cancer ? Please enlighten us and
>>explain how explicit getters/setters would have solved the problem of
>>badly named getters/setters ?
>>
> 
> I did already. If I had used Java, Eiffel, Smalltalk or C++, I would
> have easily changed tmp to temporary_buffer

What I ask you is about renaming get_tmp/set_tmp to get_temporary_buffer
and set_temporary_buffer.

> without having search and
> replace or grep 27000 lines of code. The point of accessors in those
> languages is encapsulation.

Nope, the point of accessors (in the meaning of get_XXX/set_XXX *public*
methods) is to remedy the lack of support for computed attributes syntax
(ie accessing something like a public data member when it really go thru
implementation methods).

Encapsulation is about depending on an interface, not an implementation.
  Your problem is really with interface change, not implementation change.

> Which means I can change any detail of
> implementation, yes including names of attributes, without breaking
> code.

I'm not asking about to rename an *implementation* attribute, but about
how to rename a pair of *API* badly named getter/setter.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From me at privacy.net  Fri Jul 28 17:31:47 2006
From: me at privacy.net (Dan Sommers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:31:47 -0400
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<slrnecjiav.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<m2zmeu3tz5.fsf@unique.fqdn>
	<slrnecjrnt.b77.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <m2veph4drw.fsf@unique.fqdn>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:03:25 +0200,
Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:

> Dan Sommers enlightened us with:

>> We just did that at work (developed on the corporate-issued non-Unix
>> computers and then deployed on a Linux box), and had no problems at
>> all.  In a former life, I was a long-time embedded system developer,
>> where we *always* developed on one platform and deployed on another.
>> My experience with developing on your deployment platform is that
>> it's too easy for platform dependencies to sneak in without being
>> caught.

> I agree with you there. My bet is that you also *tested* on the
> deployment platform, though.

You win that bet.  (We actually tested on both platforms.)  *Not*
testing on the deployment platform is *definitely* asking for trouble.

Regards,
Dan

-- 
Dan Sommers
<http://www.tombstonezero.net/dan/>
"I wish people would die in alphabetical order." -- My wife, the genealogist


From panos.laganakos at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 13:15:49 2006
From: panos.laganakos at gmail.com (Panos Laganakos)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 10:15:49 -0700
Subject: Abstract the storage of an app
Message-ID: <1154366149.898984.35570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I'm trying to think of an OO way to abstract the storage of an
application I am working on.

The classes are (example):

FamilyMember (base class)
Family (container class)

I've been thinking of using a FamilyDoc class to interface the Family
container class to a storage location (particularly, in XML).

I want to be able to use another backend for storing that data, ie
SQL(ite).

What would you suggest as a design pattern for something like this?



From istvan.albert at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 17:46:43 2006
From: istvan.albert at gmail.com (Istvan Albert)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:46:43 -0700
Subject: New release of Diet Python (0.2 Beta)!!!
References: <1154023246.433802.295080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<eab690$rsa$1@news.albasani.net>
	<1154032841.861144.298180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154036803.807221.18990@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

The Eternal Squire wrote:

> A developer's installation of PSF, including Pywin, WxPython, Numpy,
> Scipy I believe can run up to 300 MB, no?

you're missing the point, no one forces you to install all these, also
it is very unlikely that someone would have these unless they needed
them.



From larry.bates at websafe.com  Tue Jul 11 10:28:12 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 09:28:12 -0500
Subject: pyExcelerator - Can I read and modify an existing Excel-WorkBook?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8024.1152627147.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8024.1152627147.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4uWdnU7ccvDrKC7ZnZ2dnUVZ_u-dnZ2d@comcast.com>

Marco Aschwanden wrote:
> 
> Hi
> 
> I would like to
>   1. import an existing Excel-sheet (a template)
>   2. and add some data to it
>   3. and save it under a different name afterwards.
> 
> To me it seems, that pyExcelerator does not support the reading for
> modification of an Excel-sheet. It allows only the "parse_xls" but I
> would like to keep the "formatting" in the template.
> 
> Did I miss a "load", "read" or "open" function in pyExcelerator that
> would hand me back a WorkBook?
> 
> Greetings,
> Marco
> 
> 
If you are on Windows, you may find using COM interface to
actual Excel application easier.

-Larry Bates


From jes at nl.demon.net  Sun Jul 16 18:13:37 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 22:13:37 -0000
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<mailman.8240.1153081715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12bldoi1v060k3d@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <12bleghpv8e4h94@corp.supernews.com>

In article <12bldoi1v060k3d at corp.supernews.com>,
Jim Segrave  <jes at jes-2.demon.nl> wrote:
>        except OSError, e:
>            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:

this should read:
             if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:

(it was left with EEXIST from testing this code by forcing an error,
as the code for this failure requires a very tight race condition to test)

>                sys.exit("%s exists but stat() failed: %s" %
>                         (lockfile, e.strerror))
>            # we didn't create the lockfile, so it did exist, but it's


-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 11:32:39 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:32:39 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>

On 26 Jul 2006 08:16:21 -0700, aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com wrote:

>> E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly. Ruby is so
>> flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
>> Languages.
> 
> This, of course, is really cool if you are working
> all by yourself on a dissertation or something,
> but can be completely disasterous if you are
> actually working with other people who need to
> know what the expressions of the programming
> language mean and do. 

This should not be problem in real life. Look at Ruby on Rails. This is
excellent example of DSL in action. Rails uses customized Ruby to create
very friendly web framework. So there is no possible to create such simple
and friendly framework in other language than Ruby (and Smalltalk which has
the same feature)

Of course, I you like, you can freeze every object you want and nobody can
be able to open and change it. You can also trace all activity for changing
something to objects because Ruby has nice system hooks implemented. Ruby
has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
attributes, objects freezing, system hooks). In past Python had Bastion
module (http://www.python.org/doc/lib/module-Bastion.html) but it was
rejected and now Python has nothing. Java guys can favor Ruby also because
of its security.

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 16:56:18 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 13:56:18 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
References: <M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
>
> >> In some cases, you need an additional level of conceptual indirection -
> >> instead of *doing* the updates, you write a function that *describes* them.
> >
> > But then what do you do with that function?
>
> I pass it to an engine that's imperative.
>
> However, that engine doesn't need to do aliasing anymore.
>
> In other words, I'm separating mutability and aliasing, so that they
> can't combine and explode.

This would seem to be identical to what I am proposing.


>  > Let's say I have an
> > employee database. John Smith just got hired on 1/1/2006 with
> > a salary of $10,000. I need to record this fact somewhere. How
> > do I do that without variables? Current-employees is a variable.
> > Even if I have the space to keep all historical data, so I'm not
> > deleting anything, I still have to have a variable for the latest
> > version of the accumulated data. I can solve this without
> > pointers, but I can't solve it without variables.
>
> As I said elsewhere, the record has an identity even though it isn't
> explicit in SQL.

Hmmmm. What can this mean?

In general, I feel that "records" are not the right conceptual
level to think about.

In any event, I am not sure what you mean by non-explicit
identity. I would say, records in SQL have value, and their
identity is exactly their value. I do not see that they have
any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
than one key, and an update may change the values of one
key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
of a table after an update to each record of the table before
the update, and if you can't do that, then where
is the record identity?

(The situation is even more dire when one considers that
SQL actually uses bag semantics and not set semantics.)


[...]

> > I should like to learn more about these. I have some vague
> > perception of the existence of linear logic, but not much
> > else. However, I also already have an excellent solution
> > to the pointer aliasing problem, so I'm less motivated.
>
> Pointers are just the most obvious form of aliasing. As I said
> elsewhere, there are others: array indexing, by-reference parameters, or
> even WHERE clauses in SQL statements. In fact, anything that selects an
> updatable piece of data from a collection is an alias, and incurs the
> same problems as pointers, though they may come in different disguises.

Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
That is so general that I am concerned it has lost its ability to
identify problems specific to pointers.


> >> Actually SQL has references - they are called "primary keys", but they
> >> are references nevertheless.
> >
> > I strongly object; this is quite incorrect. I grant you that from the
> > 50,000 foot level they appear identical, but they are not. To
> > qualify as a reference, there need to be reference and dereference
> > operations on the reference datatype; there is no such operation
> > is SQL.
> >
> > Would you say the relational algebra has references?
>
> Yes.
>
> > Or, consider the classic prolog ancestor query. Let's say we're
> > setting up as follows
> >
> > father(bob, joe).
> > father(joe, john).
> >
> > Is "joe" a reference, here? After all, when we do the ancestor
> > query for john, we'll see his father is joe and then use that to
> > find joe's father. Keys in SQL are isomorphic to joe in the
> > above prolog.
>
> Agreed. They are both references ;-P

Again, by generalizing the term this far, I am concerned with a
loss of precision. If "joe" in the prolog is a references, then
"reference" is just a term for "data" that is being used in a
certain way. The conection with a specfic address space
has been lost in favor of the full domain of the datatype.


> >> (Some SQL dialects also offer synthetic
> >> "ID" fields that are guaranteed to remain stable over the lifetime of a
> >> record.
> >
> > Primary keys are updatable; there is nothing special about them.
>
> Right - I was wrong with identifying keys and identities. In fact the
> identity of an SQL record cannot be directly obtained (unless via those
> ID fields).
> The records still have identities. It's possible to have two WHERE
> clauses that refer to the same record, and if you update the record
> using one WHERE clause, the record returned by the other WHERE clause
> will have changed, too.

Is this any different from saying that an expression that includes
a variable will produce a different value if the variable changes?

In other words, "i+1" will return a different value if we update i.

It seems odd to me to suggest that "i+1" has identity. I can see
that i has identity, but I would say that "i+1" has only value.

But perhaps the ultimate upshoot of this thread is that my use
of terminology is nonstandard.


> >> With a "repeatable read" isolation level, you actually return to a
> >> declarative view of the database: whatever you do with it, you won't see
> >> it until you commit the transaction. (As soon as you commit, the
> >> declarative peace is over and you better watch out that your data
> >> doesn't become inconsistent due to aliasing.)
> >
> > Alas, transaction isolation levels are a performance hack.
> > I cannot defend them on any logical basis. (Aside: did you mean
> > serializable, rather than repeatable read?)
>
> Possibly. There are so many isolation levels that I have to look them up
> whenever I want to get the terminology 100% correct.

Hmmm. Is it that there are so many, or that they are simply not
part of our daily concern? It seems to me there are more different
styles of parameter passing than there are isolation levels, but
I don't usually see (competent) people (such as yourself) getting
call-by-value confused with call-by-reference.


> >> The only thing that can really be done about it is not adding it
> >> artificially into a program. In those cases where aliasing is part of
> >> the modelled domain, you really have to carefully inspect all
> >> interactions and never, never, never dream about abstracting it away.
> >
> > Yes, aliasing introduces a lot of problems. This is one reason
> > why closures make me nervous.
>
> Me too.
> On the other hand, they are so immensely useful.
> Simply don't create closures with mutable data in them. Or, to the very
> least, make sure that no aliases outside the closure exist.

Thank you for the interesting exchange.


Marshall



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Sun Jul 23 10:44:53 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 07:44:53 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153665893.504163.87600@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
> Except that if you write your own class from scratch, you can't use
> it as a slice.

Correct, but we were actually discussing subclassing built-in classes
for use as a replacement for range/xrange. :-)

It may be "hard work" writing all those methods in a totally new
range/xrange class, but passing objects of that class around should
prove satisfactory for the use of most programs. I personally doubt
that it is that much hard work, especially if you stick to a reasonable
selection of list capabilities, for example, rather than attempting to
emulate support for every dodgy trick available to the programmer in
the modern CPython arsenal.

> For a language that is supposed to be about duck typing
> I find it strange that if I make my own class with a start, stop and
> step attribute, that python barfs on it when I want to use it as a
> slice.

Yes, my post showed this and gave a reference to where in the CPython
source code the tests for specific types are performed.

Paul



From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Mon Jul 10 10:10:28 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:10:28 +0200
Subject: re question
Message-ID: <e8tn4k$1vo$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Hello,

consider the following code

 >>> re.search("[a-z](?i)[a-z]","AA")
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x40177e20>

this gives a match
if we provide an extra group for the first character it still works

 >>> re.search("([a-z])(?i)[a-z]","AA").group(1)
'A'
 >>>

it doesn't matter where (?i) is placed, right?
the re engine would glance at once on the entire pattern string
analize it (complain if pattern doesn't make sense, eg invalid)
and it would be the same as if the option was given expicitely
as re.IGNORECASE.

Is there a way to switch-off the option resp.
switch-on the option in the middle of the pattern?

Regards, Daniel


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 20:51:49 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:51:49 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <1154392791.954980.78190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
	<1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>
	<1154392791.954980.78190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154393509.059503.231590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> Philippe, please!  The suspense is killing me.  What's the cpu!?
>
> For the love of God,  what's the CPU?
>
> I-can't-take-it-anymore-it's-such-a-simple-question-ingly yours,

Yes, please .....

I've found a C compiler manual on the web for the Epson S1C33 CPU as
well as the one for the S1C88 that Philippe pointed me at. They have
two things in common:
(1) explicitly mention support for 32-bit longs
(2) in the bottom right corner of most pages, it has the part number
(which includes S1Cxx) and the version number.

Philippe has what he believes to be the manual for the C compiler for
the CPU in the device,  but couldn't find it on the web.

Perhaps if Philippe could divulge the part number that's in the bottom
right corner of the manual that he has, and/or any part number that
might be mentioned in the first few pages of that manual, enlightenment
may ensue ....

Cheers,
John



From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 20 11:41:27 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:41:27 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hirmma.qb6gs72jc3b5N%aleax@mac.com>

Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:

> Alex Martelli wrote:
> > Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> > >
> > > Well, range is a function in the current implementation, although its
> > > usage is similar to that one would get if it were a class, particularly
> > > a subclass of list or one providing a list-style interface. With such a
> > > class, you could provide a __contains__ method which could answer the
> > > question of what the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed
> > > by a range (in contrast to a normal list).
> >
> > You'd also have to override just about every mutating method to switch
> > back to a "normal" __contains__ (or change self's type on the fly) -- a
> > pretty heavy price to pay.
> 
> A subclass of list is probably a bad idea in hindsight, due to various
> probable requirements of it actually needing to be a list with all its
> contents, whereas we wanted to avoid having anything like a list around
> until the contents of this "lazy list" were required by the program. If
> we really wanted to subclass something, we could consider subclassing
> the slice class/type, but that isn't subclassable in today's Python for
> some reason, and it doesn't really provide anything substantial,
> anyway. However, Python being the language it is, an appropriately
> behaving class is quite easily written from scratch.

Nevertheless, that class will still need to implement every single
method of the list type; making it a subclass of list has some advantage
in that every such implementation of a method can basically fill the
real list, self.__class__=list, and leave all the rest, forevermore
(explicitly here, implicitly in the future), to class list.  Performance
should be much better than by working off semi-deprecated UserList.

A "hook method" __mutator__ (ideally called _before_ in this case), as I
was proposing (for 2.6 or later), would make such approaches way easier
and handier (and would help with most use cases I can think of for
subclassing list, dict or set).


Alex


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 11:33:31 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:33:31 -0700
Subject: import question on wx ?
Message-ID: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have installed wx and everything looks fine. I have written a small
app that uses wx.

When I run my program from the console like
ubuntu $ python PROGRAM_NAME.py

it gives error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "Project.py", line 6, in ?
    import wx
ImportError: No module named wx


But if I run the program from SPE (Stani's Python Editor) it just runs
fine.


How can I resolve such an issue. Please help. Is my path settting worng
..?

Every help is appreciated.

Thanks



From stephane.rochoy at netasq.com  Thu Jul 13 12:39:56 2006
From: stephane.rochoy at netasq.com (=?ISO-8859-15?Q?St=E9phane_ROCHOY?=)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:39:56 +0200
Subject: Newbie
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44B6775C.4000804@netasq.com>

Gueorgui Vaskes wrote:
> Could anyone feel me in what do you mostly use python for?
> 
> 
> 		
> ___________________________________________________________ 
> The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email address from your Internet provider. http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html

An IMAP backup agent using AES encryption.


From uche.ogbuji at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 22:23:24 2006
From: uche.ogbuji at gmail.com (uche.ogbuji at gmail.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 19:23:24 -0700
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44A792D9.8080307@alephzarro.com>
	<mailman.7709.1151872708.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151893404.093621.126850@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
> there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
> references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
> to do it...
>
> i have a situation where i have something like:
>  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
>
> is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
> attribute with fo....
>
> i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...

4Suite [1] supports regex in XPath using the EXSLT community standard's
regex module [2].  It would be something like:

[re:match(@class, 'fo.*']

With the re prefix set as required by the EXSLT module.

[1] http://4Suite.org
[2] http://www.exslt.org/regexp/

--
Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/



From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 18:34:50 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (PTY)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 15:34:50 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
Message-ID: <1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bob Greschke wrote:
> <rurpy at yahoo.com> wrote in message
> news:1153168968.995422.198360 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> > PTY wrote:
> >> Which is better?
> >>
> >> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
> >>
> >> while lst:
> >>   lst.pop()
> >>
> >> OR
> >>
> >> while len(lst) > 0:
> >>   lst.pop()
> >
> > A dozen posts, but nobody has posted the right
> > answer yet, so I will :-)
> >
> > It doesn't matter -- use whichever you prefer (*)
> > This is an angels on the head of a pin issue.
> >
> > (*) -- If your code is part of an existing body of
> > code that uses one or the other style consistently,
> > then you should do the same.
> >
>
> I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
> non-computer language):
>
> 1. While list, pop.
>
> 2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>
> Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be damned.
> :)
>
> Bob


It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
use len() or not.



From bumtool at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 07:48:19 2006
From: bumtool at yahoo.com (kilnhead)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 04:48:19 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
In-Reply-To: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152532099.430426.54110@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


mamadu at islamabad.net wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but would
> rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am therefore looking
> for a good IDE to learn Python.  On my computer I have installed eric
> (http://ericide.python-hosting.com/) but it lacks any kind of useful
> documentation on its use.
>
> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?
>
> Many thanks
>
> Mamadu
>
> PS: I use Debian GNU/Linux on all my computers, a 500MHz proc, 256MB
> RAM.

I have used spe and pyscripter on windows. I currently use Eclipse and
this it is the best of the lot in terms of functionality. However, it
does take some effort to get comfortable with. I only wish it had a GUI
builder for python.



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 07:37:28 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:37:28 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8444.1153740223.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8444.1153740223.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153741048.260069.39560@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> Well, my view is that both are frameworks, and so you will inevitably
> "run out of steam" at some point if your implementation plans become too
> ambitious. The impression I get is that Rails is relatively inflexible
> on database schemas, and once you get "off the beaten track" it gets
> difficult to cope with complex existing databases.

Hi Steve,

Thanks for the reply! Regarding "running out of steam", well... we've
been using Struts + Spring + Hibernate on the Java side, so yeah, we're
quite used to molding our code to fit frameworks :)

Cheers
Ray

>
> regards
>   Steve
> --
> Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
> Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From nicolas.surribas at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 09:33:40 2006
From: nicolas.surribas at gmail.com (nicolas.surribas at gmail.com)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 06:33:40 -0700
Subject: HTTPBasicAuthHandler doesn't work
Message-ID: <1152452020.842101.128450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi !
I'm trying to add the HTTP basic authentification to my web spider but
it doesn't work...
The HTTPBasicAuthHandler don't send the headers for authentification
:-(

Here is the code : http://devloop.lyua.org/releases/lswww_urllib2.py

def
__init__(self,rooturl,firsturl=[],forbidden=[],proxy={},cookie="",auth_basic=[]):
	root=rooturl
	self.excluded=forbidden
	self.proxy=proxy
	self.cookie=cookie
	self.auth_basic=auth_basic
	if root[-1]!="/":
		root+="/"
	if(self.checklink(root)):
		print "Invalid link argument"
		sys.exit(0)
	for lien in firsturl:
		if(self.checklink(lien)):
			print "Invalid link argument"
			sys.exit(0)
	server=(root.split("://")[1]).split("/")[0]
	self.root=root
	self.server=server
	director = urllib2.OpenerDirector()

	director.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPHandler())
	director.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPSHandler())

	if self.proxy!={}:
		director.add_handler(urllib2.ProxyHandler(self.proxy))

	if self.auth_basic!=[]:
		auth=urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm())
		auth.add_password(None, self.root, self.auth_basic[0],
self.auth_basic[1])
		director.add_handler(auth)

	if self.cookie!="":
		cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
		if os.path.isfile(self.cookie):
			cj.load(self.cookie,ignore_discard=True)
			director.add_handler(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))

	urllib2.install_opener(director)

Where is the problem ?
Thanks !



From exarkun at divmod.com  Tue Jul 25 09:07:12 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:07:12 -0400
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7xr709vod8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <20060725130712.29014.2132645202.divmod.quotient.53674@ohm>

On 25 Jul 2006 05:51:47 -0700, Paul Rubin <"http://phr.cx"@nospam.invalid> wrote:
>bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com writes:
>> Threadicide would not solve the problems you actually have, and it
>> tends to create other problems. What is the condition that makes
>> you want to kill the thread? Make the victim thread respond to that
>> condition itself.
>
>If the condition is a timeout, one way to notice it is with sigalarm,
>which raises an exception in the main thread.  But then you need a way
>to make something happen in the remote thread.

Raising an exception in your own thread is pretty trivial.  SIGALRM does
no good whatsoever here. :)

Besides, CPython will only raise exceptions between opcodes.  If a
misbehaving thread hangs inside an opcode, you'll never see the exception
from SIGALRM.

Jean-Paul


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 22:04:30 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 19:04:30 -0700
Subject: fetching a POST webpage...
Message-ID: <0fba01c6a169$b0062ab0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i have the basic code to fetcha url/web page. however, i'm trying to fetch a
page that uses a FORM/POST. has anyone done this, i've tried a few times
without success.

i've analyzed the data stream using Firefox/Livehttpheaders to get the HTTP
stream.. but i'm doing something wrong, and can't quite see what the
err/issue is...

if you've done this kind of thing, and you have some thoughts, let me know.
i can send you the output of the livehttpheaders app, and the test code that
i have...

thanks..

-bruce




From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:26:45 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:26:45 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
Message-ID: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

hi.

This is my first try on modules.

I've got :

tom/
    __init__.py
    core.py
    ui.py
    data.py

then, when I'm in my ipython shell :

?> from tom import *


this works, it loads core, ui and data
but when I do this :


?> import tom

?> tom.core
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'


Well, i guess I missed something, but I don't see what ...



From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 02:44:54 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 23:44:54 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153809894.854676.213100@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Yi Xing wrote:
> I need to read specific lines of huge text files. Each time, I know
> exactly which line(s) I want to read. readlines() or readline() in a
> loop is just too slow. Since different lines have different size, I
> cannot use seek(). So I am thinking of building an index for the file
> for fast access. Can anybody give me some tips on how to do this in
> Python? Thanks.

Hey Yi,

The standard library module 'libcache' does exactly what you're
considering implementing.

-alex23



From skodela at lithium.com  Tue Jul 11 19:47:09 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 23:47:09 +0000
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <m2odvwkvas.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<m2irm4mxtu.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<44b35ffc_2@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<m2odvwkvas.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <44b42533$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Piet van Oostrum wrote:
>>>>>> sreekant <skodela at lithium.com> (S) wrote:
> 
>> S> I decided in the end to use fork and all is well.
> 
> But how are you doing the callback then? From your code it looks like the
> callback is called after the external command finishes. The callback would
> then be called in the child process, not in the parent process, I think. Or
> do you have a solution for that?
I am not calling the callback now.

It is a pygtk interface to octavia music description language I wrote. I 
have a button "Play" which reads the text in the gtk.TextView , converts 
it to midi and calls fluidsynth with the resulting midi file.

I want the ui to be accessible during the midi play because, the midi 
play can some times be a long piece of music.

I also have a log window which is another textview. I was loading the 
result of

res=os.popen3(my_command)
report=res[1].read()+'\n'+res[2].read()
logwindow gets the report added to it.

However now I just put a message saying "playing midi"

I don't know any way out at the moment.

################

What I need is when I click on the play button, the fileplay(widget) 
function that gets called should be able to start a new thread or a fork 
which executes the commands and updates the ui.logwindow which is a 
textview with the output of os.popen3.

During the execution the ui should be usable.

Please see the scala program in this package 
http://sourceforge.net/projects/octavia . Checkout fileplay() function 
in the most latest version 0.22 .

I don't want to attach the whole program to this message and annoy everyone.

Below is the function causing probs.

Ta
sree

###############################


def fileplay(x):
     global conf,bdir,bgplay
     lbuf.delete(lbuf.get_start_iter(),lbuf.get_end_iter())
     dat=buf.get_text(buf.get_start_iter(),buf.get_end_iter())
     if not len(dat)>0:
         return

     #see if the temporary dir to save temp gmc and midi exists
     #if not create it
     tempf=bdir+os.sep+'temp'+os.sep
     try:
         if not os.path.exists(tempf):
             os.mkdir(tempf)
     except:
         addlog(traceback.format_exc())
         return
     #save octavia in to a count+1 text file
     if os.path.exists(tempf):
         try:
             fbase=tempf+getcnt()
             fmidi=fbase+'.midi'
             f=open(fbase,'w')
             f.write(dat)
             f.close()
         except:
             addlog(traceback.format_exc())
     #run octavia
     addlog("Compiling to midi")
     if conf.has_key('octavia'):
         text2midi=conf['octavia']
     else:
         addlog("Config doesn't exist. Trying default octavia")
         text2midi='octavia'
     try:
         res=os.popen3(text2midi+' '+fbase+' '+fmidi)
         addlog(res[1].read()+res[2].read())
     except:
         addlog(traceback.format_exc())
         return
     # if midi exists, we succeded. play midi
     if os.path.exists(fmidi):
         addlog("Trying to play midi")
         if conf.has_key('midiplayer'):
             midiplay=conf['midiplayer']
         else:
             addlog("Config doesn't exist. Trying default timidity")
             midiplay='timidity'

         # start playing in a fork
         pid=os.fork()
         if pid:
             pass
         else:
             os.popen3(midiplay+' '+fmidi)
             sys.exit(0)


From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 17:40:45 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 14:40:45 -0700
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153604445.246639.81270@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Tim,

An object is iterable if it implements the iterator protocol. A good
enough check to see if it does is to check for the presense of the
__iter__() method. The way to do it is:
hasattr(object,'__iter__')

You are correct in the fact that you check if an object is iterable
rather than using isinstance to check if it is of a partucular type.
You are doing things 'the pythonic way' ;)

Nick Vatamaniuc


Tim N. van der Leeuw wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
> or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().
>
> Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
> doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)
> 
> Regards,
> 
> --Tim



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Wed Jul 19 05:24:33 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:24:33 GMT
Subject: Text Summarization
References: <wplvg.2142$252.1328@tornado.rdc-kc.rr.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9805694AABDC5duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Jim Jones wrote:

> Is there  a Python library that would allow me to take a paragraph of
> text, and generate a one or two sentence summary of that paragraph?
> 
If you are on Windows you could use COM to stuff the text into a Word 
document and then use Word's autosummarize feature to generate the summary.

However, even Microsoft admit that "It?s unlikely that Word will create the 
exact summary that you need. You will need to do some editing of the 
summary."


From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Sat Jul  8 15:57:22 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 21:57:22 +0200
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152377895.957276.65550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e8oq06$5cs$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152385563.985755.90880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8p2m0$ncv$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

Hey,

> Try looking at the wx.HtmlWindow demo

Thank you...I know wx.HtmlWindow but that object can not parse 
Javascript code :((

I need a cross-platform object that can parse js-scripts :(

Can someone help me??

Bye,

Spooky 



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 22:31:04 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 19:31:04 -0700
Subject: Language Design: list_for scope?
References: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <1153535464.241326.245600@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

guthrie wrote:
> I'm pretty new to Python, and trying to parse the grammar.
>
> Q: What is the scope of the testlist in a list_for?
>
> For example;
> Instead of;
>       for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
> in this:
>       for x in dict and dict[x]=="thing":
> x is undefined.

In the above two examples, x is a regular variable (global or local
depending on whether it's in a function).  It will remain undefined
until the first time something gets assigned to it.

In your first example (where you appear to have left out a for), it get
bound inside the list comprehension, after evaluating 'dict' but before
evaluating the test 'dict[x]=="thing"'.

I doubt the second example does what you want it to, but here's what
happens.  Python tries to evaluate the expression 'dict and
dict[x]=="thing"' first, before assigning anything to x.  Because that
expression uses x, you get an undefined error.  If it hadn't had the
undefined error, it would have tried to iterate over the result (which
would have been True or False), which would have raised a TypeError
exception.


> And why doesn't this work:
> 	for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing":

Because it would would just be another way to spell:

for x in dict:
    if dict[x] == "thing:

Yes, we've heard all the arguments before.  The Python language
designers like to have only one way to do things when they can, and in
this case they felt that none of the objections (an extra level of
indentation or unsightly continue) warranted a new spelling.

I recall there was to be a (prerejected) PEP submitted about this
recently, but it doesn't appear to be up.


> Any insights/hints on why it is broken?

It's not broken :)


Carl Banks



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 09:53:34 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:53:34 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hidtys.1uwjmjo1dha634N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <kg4k5pdiaui8.1ek1vsjb8gn4i.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-13 01:50:18, Alex Martelli wrote:

>> I'm not sure about which languages you are talking (pretty much all that
>> allow public methods also allow public attributes), [...]
> 
> Smalltalk is a very well known object-oriented language that behaves
> otherwise, just as one example.

I didn't know that Smalltalk allows any methods at all... I wrote about
languages that allow public methods, and I didn't think of Smalltalk
falling into that category.

Gerhard



From matt.good at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 13:04:52 2006
From: matt.good at gmail.com (Matt Good)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 10:04:52 -0700
Subject: prompt auto complete and history
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7989.1152550366.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7989.1152550366.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152551092.035177.202190@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Deepan Chakravarthy wrote:
> Hi,
>  I am using fedora core 5. I would like to have auto complete in python
> prompt and  history. How do i get it enabled ?

The standard Python commandline does not support auto complete.
IPython is a very nice alternative commandline that does suport auto
complete and other more advanced features:
http://ipython.scipy.org/

-- Matt Good



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Wed Jul  5 09:31:04 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 15:31:04 +0200
Subject: socket buffer flush question
In-Reply-To: <1152104115.156123.120200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152104115.156123.120200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ABBF18.7000906@designaproduct.biz>

Kiran i'rta:
> Hello Everybody!
>   I am writing a networking application in python for a small piece of
> hardware, in which there could sometimes be timeouts.  I am using
> sockets to communicate to this device.  Data that is sent to the device
> is instructions for that piece of hardware, and data recieved is just
> responses from that hardware.
>   When a timeout happens, for some reason extra data is stored inside
> the buffer, so when the timeout is over, that extra data (remember this
> data is instructions) is executed by the hardware, which I don't want.
>   
Did you try setsockopt and TCP_NODELAY? That can prevent buffering in 
some cases.

Laszlo



From mart.franklin at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:29:42 2006
From: mart.franklin at gmail.com (mart.franklin at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:29:42 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.34.17.546824@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.15.34.17.546824@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152026982.827444.218410@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 07:18:29 -0700, mart.franklin at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > I hope I am not being too ignorant :p but here goes... my boss has
> > written a bit of python code and asked me to speed it up for him...
> > I've reduced the run time from around 20 minutes to 13 (not bad I think
> > ;) to speed it up further I asked him to replace a loop like this:-
> >
> >
> > index = 0
> >
> > for element in a:
> >    av = a[index]
> >    bv = b[index]
> >    cv = c[index]
> >    dv = d[index]
> >    avbv = (av-bv) * (av-bv)
> >    diff = cv - dv
> >    e.append(diff - avbv)
> >    index = index + 1
>
> This is, I think, a good case for an old-fashioned for-with-index loop:
>
> for i in len(a):
>     e.append(c[i] - d[i] - (a[i] - b[i])**2)
>
> Python doesn't optimize away lines of code -- you have to do it yourself.
> Every line of Python code takes a bit of time to execute. My version uses
> 34 lines disassembled; yours takes 60 lines, almost twice as much code.
>
> (See the dis module for further details.)
>
> It's too much to hope that my code will be twice as fast as yours, but it
> should be a little faster.

indeed thanks very much :)

my tests on 4 million:-

slice (original):
7.73399996758

built in zip:
36.7350001335

izip:
5.98399996758

Steven slice:
4.96899986267


so overall fastest so far









>
> > (where a, b, c and d are 200,000 element float arrays)
> > to use the built in zip function.. it would seem made for this problem!
> >
> > for av, bv, cv, dv in zip(a, b, c, d):
> >    avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
> >    diff = cv - dv
> >    e.append(diff - avbv)
> >
> > however this seems to run much slower than *I* thought it would
> > (and in fact slower than slicing) I guess what I am asking is.. would
> > you expect this?
>
> Yes. zip() makes a copy of your data. It's going to take some time to copy
> 4 * 200,000 floats into one rather large list. That list is an ordinary
> Python list of objects, not an array of bytes like the array module
> uses. That means zip has to convert every one of those 800,000 floats
> into rich Python float objects. This won't matter for small sets of data,
> but with 800,000 of them, it all adds up.
>
>

I was beginning to suspect this was the case (I opened windows task
manager and noticed the memory usage) thanks for explaining it to me.




> -- 
> Steven.



From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 13:28:43 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 10:28:43 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <2QRyg.15426$rp4.10035@tornado.texas.rr.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<2QRyg.15426$rp4.10035@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <1154280523.162997.298400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Paul McGuire wrote:
> "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote in message
> news:Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684 at tornado.texas.rr.com...
> > "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> > news:1154055002.495073.171650 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> > >
> > >
> > > myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
> > > image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
> > > if myCol < darkestCol:
> > >    darkestCol = myCol
> > >    possX = thisX
> > >    possY = thisY
> > >
> >
> > Psyco may be of some help to you, especially if you extract out your myCol
> > expression into its own function, something like:
> >
> > def darkness(img,x,y):
> >     return  (0.3 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (0.59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) + (0.11 *
> > img.GetBlue(x,y))
> >
> <snip>
>
> Even better than my other suggestions might be to write this function, and
> then wrap it in a memoizing decorator
> (http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-11870a08b0fa59a8622
> 201abfac735ea47ffade5) - surely there must be some repeated colors in your
> image.
>
> -- Paul

Its not only finding the darkest color, but also finding the X position
and Y Position of the darkest color.



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:56:37 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:56:37 -0700
Subject: import question on wx ?
In-Reply-To: <Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154019397.153772.99540@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I think what you say makes perfect sense

I am using 2.4.2 python (I typed pthon -V on console to get)

How can I find what my SPE editor is using ?




John Salerno wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > I have installed wx and everything looks fine. I have written a small
> > app that uses wx.
> >
> > When I run my program from the console like
> > ubuntu $ python PROGRAM_NAME.py
> >
> > it gives error
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "Project.py", line 6, in ?
> >     import wx
> > ImportError: No module named wx
> >
> >
> > But if I run the program from SPE (Stani's Python Editor) it just runs
> > fine.
>
> It could be that the Python version you are using to launch the app from
> the console is the preinstalled version on your system and therefore
> wxPython wasn't installed into that version. Do you have multiple
> versions of Python installed? Probably SPE is using the other version
> which *does* have wxPython in it.



From harry.g.george at boeing.com  Fri Jul 28 01:20:45 2006
From: harry.g.george at boeing.com (Harry George)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 05:20:45 GMT
Subject: Python Projects Continuous Integration
References: <1154087739.722910.110310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <xqxejw6i9ua.fsf@cola3.ca.boeing.com>

"Dave Potts" <d.j.potts at bcs.org.uk> writes:

> Hi,
> 
> I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in
> the Java world.  I was wondering what tool advice you could give me
> about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python
> code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the
> docs, tag the code repository.  I'm used to things like Maven and
> CruiseControl in the Java world.
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> Dave.
> 

First, sorry to hear you have had to use Java. You should recover
after a few months in Python.  Second, welcome to Python.  Third, some
of us emacs as our IDE.

I presume you often have several packages open at once, each with its
own regression tests, own documentation, and own CVS or SVN "module".
You may also have multiple coding languages going at once (e.g.,
Python, C, C++, FORTRAN, Lisp, PROLOG).  Doing this in emacs:

1. Make a separate instance for each package being edited.  In the
   instance make separate frames for a) code buffers, b) test case
   buffers, c) doc buffers.  In the test frame, make a shell window
   where you can run go_test, thus running your testsuite for that
   package.  In the doc frame, make a shell window where you can run
   go_doc.  (Must of couse have written those go_ scripts, also done
   in emacs of course.).  

   If there are too many things happening for one desktop, run each
   package in a separate desktop (you are working in an OS which has
   virtual screens, right?).

2. Do CVS checkin/checkout in tool of your choice.  Emacs can do it. I
   prefer tkcvs, with editor set to emacs and diff set to emacs's'
   ediff.  Personal preference.

3. Do documentation in the tool of your choice.  Emacs can support
   pretty much any natural language, and has markups for just about
   any markup mechanism (SGML, XHTML, etc.).  I use my own Pdx, edited
   in emacs, and thus autogenerate HTML, PDF, LaTeX, etc.  Again,
   personal preference.  At a minimum, use some mechanism which allow
   autogeneration of documentation, auto inclusion of code snippets,
   and hyperlinking.  Since the go_doc is run in an emacs shell, use
   alt-P-return to rerun the line.  Redocumenting is thus a 2
   keystroke effort.

4. Do testing using a batch go_test script, running a suite built from
   unittest.  As needed, write debug statements to another buffer in
   that frame, where you can use full emacs functionallity to search
   it.  Since the go_test is run in an emacs shell, use alt-P-return
   to rerun the line.  Retesting is thus a 2 keystroke effort.

5. Oh, yes, coding.  Emacs's python-mode.el works fine.  Colorize or
   not as you see fit.  There are ways to set up code-completion, but
   personally I never do it.  You can setup etags but I never do --
   emacs search and grep-find do what I need.  Personal preference.

6. Use exactly the same setup for language after language, decade
   after decade, platform after platform.  Use your brain cells form
   something useful, like learning new technologies and new
   algorithms.


-- 
Harry George
PLM Engineering Architecture


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 02:16:41 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:16:41 +0200
Subject: How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on
	a web   page?
In-Reply-To: <977252d80607052035h6c88dd9ag5aa2db9612190f67@mail.gmail.com>
References: <977252d80607052035h6c88dd9ag5aa2db9612190f67@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e8i9s8$81j$1@sea.gmane.org>

??? wrote:

> How can get button's name when cursor move over the button on a web page?

that sounds like a JavaScript question, doesn't it?  so what is it doing 
on comp.lang.python ?

</F>



From http  Sun Jul  9 00:14:58 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 08 Jul 2006 21:14:58 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <7xodvzv2gt.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> writes:
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.

Why not print out the on-line tutorial and read the hardcopy?


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 28 13:48:03 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 17:48:03 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c91835$0$32216$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrneckjej.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon a ?crit :
>> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>> 
>>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>>
>>>>On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>>>>
>>>
>>>(snip)
>>>
>>>>>>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>>>>>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
>>>>>>in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages
>>>>>
>>>>>Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Whatever, if both C and Lisp can both talk about variables, I don't
>>>>see why python can't
>>>
>>>Guess where the term "binding" comes from.
>> 
>> 
>> I don't see how that is relevant.
>
> No ?

Do you actually have a point? I doubt it because I would otherwise
have expected that you would actually have presented it by now.

>>>>
>>>>So? The statement that python doesn't has variables is just your opinion.
>>>
>>>The statement that "Python doesn't has variables" is meant to emphasis
>>>the very difference between C-like variables and Python bindings.
>> 
>> 
>> And why should that be relevant?
>
> Because the person I was replying to asked for the difference between 
> C-like variables (which are mostly symbolic names for memory addresses 
> storing bits) and Python's variable (which are mostly keys associated to 
> a reference to an object).

That is no reason to say that python has no variables. If someone would
explain the difference between objects in some other language and
objects in python I wouldn't accept the statement: "python has no
objects" either.

>> Lisp-like variables are different
>> from C-like variables,
>
> indeed.
>
>> but that doesn't stop us from using the
>> word "variable". So why should the difference between C-like
>> variables and Python bindings be important enough to no longer
>> use that word.
>
> Use the word that you want, I don't give a damn. I can't help if you're 
> clueless enough to understand why I wanted to emphasis the difference.

Stating that one language has no variables, looks a poor choice of
words to me for saying that variables in C and python don't behave
entirely the same.

>>>>>>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>>>>>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>>>>>>values.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>That is just an implementation issue. 
>>>
>>>yes, your favourite argument ever.
>> 
>> 
>> What is your point? That it is my favourite argument ever doesn't
>> make it wrong or invalid.
>
> Does it occurs to you that most languages are designed with specific 
> requirements in mind ? (well, for those that are designed at least). And 
> that a good part of these requirements are about or closely related to 
> implementation issues ?

Yes and it is irrelevant. That a number of requirements don't leave
the implementor much choice, doesn't contradict that specific details
are implementation details, and that you can't argue whether or
not python has variables based on details of a specific implementation.

>> If you have an issue with it, bring
>> your arguments. The fact is that if you don't want to use the
>> word variable,
>
> I use it everyday.

But you did write that python didn't have variables.

>> you can't rely on current implementation details,
>> because implementation details can change without the language
>> changing.
>
> Yeah, great. Now you're done with theory, let's get pragmatic.

That doesn't change a thing. What one can do with the language
is defined by the language reference. Not by a specific implementation.

>>>>If someone would wish to extend
>>>>python with a type system, 
>>>
>>>In case you don't know, it already has one.
>> 
>> 
>> I'll be more clearer: If someone wants to extend python with
>> a kind of static typing,
>
> I dont.

So what? This is not about *you*. So what you want or not is
totally irrelevant. You just made a smart ass remark and cut
away the point being made. That the second time I see you
responding like that. Don't you have real arguments?

>>>>>>The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
>>>>>>will hold something.
>>>>>
>>>>>The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
>>>>>stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
>>>>>bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
>>>>>direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits.
>>>>
>>>> 
>>>>That doesn't need to be. A C-implementation could use directories.
>>>
>>>"could", yes. But I'm not talking about language grammar.
>> 
>> 
>> Neither am I, I am talking about language semantics.
>> If a C-implementation could use directories, that means
>> that directories can be used to capture the C-semantics.
>
> I don't care, and I really doubt anyone working on a C implementation 
> cares much. C has been designed to be as simple as possible to 
> implement, as close to the hardware as possible, and as fast as 
> possible. It has been designed for system programming - actually to make 
> Unix portable to other architectures. It's very obvious for anyone with 
> a not too limited understanding that C design is very closely related to 
> these goals.

Again irrelevant. That these are the goals of those who design(ed) C,
doesn't mean other implementations are impossible. C interpreters
do exist. And such an interpreter can use directories for managing
his namespaces.

>> So whether the implementation uses direct translation
>> from name to memory to bits or uses directories, it
>> doesn't change one bit what one can do with a variable
>> in the language.
>
> fine.
>
>> Besides, you don't seem to have a problem talking about
>> Lisp-variables, and Lisp-variables don't have such
>> a direct translation from symbolic name to memory
>> address either. So this specific detail of most C-implementations
>> seems mostly irrelevant to me.
>
> The fact that it seems irrelevant to you seems totally irrelevant to me. 
> Good night.

But that you don't present much arguments for your case, seems
very relevant to me.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 11:03:09 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:03:09 GMT
Subject: python guru for urllib/mechanize
References: <mailman.7916.1152328020.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <87wtamom6q.fsf@reportlab.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> writes:

> i'm trying to get the pages from a site "axess.stanford.edu", and i'm
> running into problems. i've got some test code that allows me to get the 1st
> few pages. i'm having an issue when i run into a page that somehow
> interprets a url from a src of a frameset. i can't seem to mimic/implement
> this kind of function...
> 
> if you have expertise with http/web fetching, i'd appreciate any
> thoughts/comments/etc...

In the absence of a guru, you'll have to me ;-) I've replied on the
wwwsearch-general list, where you also posted.


John


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 13:37:26 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:37:26 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <3scsc252be3d7a814ogj1ibnud3aothc1l@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>
	<5hnlc25hfj56btkhdamfdi5gb5a3b8ts45@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8731.1154352939.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154354727.457387.142840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3scsc252be3d7a814ogj1ibnud3aothc1l@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44ce3fd8$0$16271$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Vincent Delporte wrote:
> On 31 Jul 2006 07:05:27 -0700, "Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:
>> Typically you run PHP as a module in your webserver, so there should be
>> no process startup overhead. mod_python provides the same sort of
>> functionality for Python, but is not as popular or widely installed as
>> the PHP Apache module.
> 
> So, if mod_python provides the same functionality, it's not the main
> reason why Python developers use application servers while PHP users
> still program with page codes in /htdocs.
> 
> Why do PHP users stick to that old way of things? Because they mostly
> use shared hosts, with no way to install their application server?

PHP has never been designed to allow writing such a thing as a web
server (some may say that PHP has never been designed at all, but this
is another troll^Mquestion). IIRC, it was initially meant to run as cgi,
then rewrote as an apache module.

And the fact is that while there's no startup overhead in PHP (at least
when deployed as a module), you still have to rebuild the whole world
(includes, app-specific conf etc) for each request. This is what
long-running application servers try to solve.

mod_python is at once lower-level and a bit more powerful than PHP. It
really exposes most of Apache's API to Python - which BTW doesn't make
it that well-suited for shared hosting... (most of the time, updating a
mod_python based app requires restarting the server).


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 11 18:14:50 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:14:50 +1000
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
In-Reply-To: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b422db@news.eftel.com>

On 12/07/2006 1:33 AM, Phoe6 wrote:
> Hi,

Hi,

I'm a little astonished that anyone would worry too much (if at all!) 
about how long it took to read a config file. Generally, one would 
concentrate on correctness, and legibility of source code.  There's not 
much point IMHO in timing your pyConfig.py in its current form. Please 
consider the following interspersed comments.

Also, the functionality of the two modules that you are comparing is 
somewhat different ;-)

Cheers,
John


>        Following are my files.
> ----
> 
> pyConfig.py
> ----
> import re
> 
> def pyConfig():
>     fhandle = open( 'config1.txt', 'r' )
>     arr = fhandle.readlines()
>     fhandle.close()
> 
>     hash = {}
> 
>     for item in arr:

There is no need of readlines(). Use:

     for item in fhandle:

>         txt = item.strip()

str.strip() removes leading and trailing whitespace. Hence if the line 
is visually empty, txt will be "" i.e. a zero-length string.

>         if re.search( '^\s*$', txt ):

For a start, your regex is constrained by the ^ and $ to matching a 
whole string, so you should use re.match, not re.search. Read the 
section on this topic in the re manual. Note that re.search is *not* 
smart enough to give up if the test at the beginning fails. Second 
problem: you don't need re at all! Your regex says "whole string is 
whitespace", but the strip() will have reduced that to an empty string. 
All you need do is:

     if not txt: # empty line

>             continue
>         if re.search( '^#.*$', txt ):

Similar to the above. All you need is:

     if txt.startswith('#'): # line is comment only
or (faster but less explicit):
     if txt[0] == '#': # line is comment only

>             continue
>         if not re.search( '^\s*(\w|\W)+\s*=\s*(\w|\W)+\s*$', txt ):

(1) search -> match, lose the ^
(2) lose the first and last \s* -- strip() means they are redundant.
(3) What are you trying to achieve with (\w|\W) ??? Where I come from, 
"select things that are X or not X" means "select everything". So the 
regex matches 'anything optional_whitespace = optional_whitespace 
anything'. However 'anything' includes whitespace. You probably intended 
something like 'word optional_whitespace = optional_whitespace 
at_least_1_non-whitespace':

     if not re.match('\w+\s*=\s*\S+.*$'):
but once you've found a non-whitespace after the =, it's pointless 
continuing, so:
     if not re.match('\w+\s*=\s*\S'):

>             continue

Are you sure such lines can be silently ignored? Might they be errors?

>         hash[txt.split( '=' )[0].strip().lower()] = txt.split( '='
> )[1].strip()

Best to avoid splitting twice. Also it's a little convoluted. Also 
beware of multiple '=' in the line.

    left, right = txt.split('=', 1)
    key = left.strip().lower()
    if key in hash:
         # does this matter?
    value = right.strip()
    hash[key] = value

> 
>     print hash['dbrepository']
> ----

Oh, yeah, that hash thing, regexes everywhere ... it's left me wondering 
could this possibly be a translation of a script from another language :-)



From gamedev at fancy.org  Fri Jul 14 19:14:27 2006
From: gamedev at fancy.org (Tom Plunket)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:14:27 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152836912.715940.187100@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <o89gb2piucfom7p5dibi3svf3km1395lvf@4ax.com>

Justin  Azoff wrote:

> Of course..
> 
> I should read the python documentation at
> http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html

Excellent.  Thanks.  Has this been around long?  I "learned" Python in
the 1.6 days iirc, but haven't done much except simple scripting with
it since...
-tom!


From iapain at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 17:56:05 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 14:56:05 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7997.1152567139.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7997.1152567139.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152568565.170494.159720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Tim Chase wrote:
> If you're prepared for the massive breakage that will ensue, you can
>
> 	chmod go-rwx /usr/lib/python2.3/os.*

No, I cant change permission or delete the module, the best would be
something to detect 'import os' in user code .. but If i go with chroot
jail approch then everything will be like what i want. But chroot jail
approch would take much space on webserver, what would happen if number
of users are large.

> Another alternative might just be to copy the python
> libraries to some place in the user's homedir (whatever their
> original library path was), revoke execute non-user execute privs
> from the python executable ("chmod go-x `which python`), and then
> change python to be a script that runs something like "chroot
> $HOME/ python $@".  Allow per-user access to this script via sudo.

Its having the same problem. The idea on which i am working is a
webide(which i already created) and a user file system(on which i am
working now) so that each user can access python globally and files
from his own folder, without adding them in unix user list. 

Best!



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 23 05:24:09 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:24:09 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8402.1153502962.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnec6g1p.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-21 09:00:43, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>> So we have code with certain shudder characteristics. And instead
>> of trying to help the OP with his problem, some people react
>> to the shudder and come with all sort of comments that might be
>> true if the code as shown was production code, but which totally
>> miss the point the code was illustrating and thus aren't much
>> helpfull.
>
> In general, I'd say that in this case the example was not well-chosen.
> After such a "shudder removal", a poster should IMO review what caused the
> shudder, and rephrase the original problem without the shudder.

The shudder is not with the poster. The poster can't predict how
the readers will react.

> That might
> take a few iterations, but in general, either one or more of the "shudder
> removals" actually address the OP's issue, maybe without any individual
> helper understanding all of the problem (due to incomplete example code),
> or the iterations lead to a code that's "shudder free" and still shows the
> original problem -- now usually in a clearer form, because free of other
> issues that are not relevant to the OP's point.

I doubt that. My experience is that you have more chance of being helped
by people who try to understand where the OP is trying to go form than
from those who react to style issues. I have never seem a bug go away
because someone suggested to write "if Number:" instead of "if Number != 0:"

> E.g. if someone makes a suggestion that is valid with the example code I
> posted but not with the real code I have, I need to post an updated example
> code that introduces a restriction similar to the one I actually have,
> which then correctly invalidates the formerly valid suggestion -- and helps
> getting more helpful responses.

Not necessarily. A valid suggestion doesn't imply a relevant suggestion.

If someone come with code like:

  if Number != 0:

And someone suggests that the python idiom is

  if Number:

Then that suggestion is valid, but it also is irrelevant. A bug doesn't
disappear because the latter is the python idiom for the former.

> This is a process that in the past has
> taught me a lot (not Python, but that's just because I'm too new here :).
> Once you get good at this process, it often helps you find the problem even
> before posting, because boiling code down to what the /real/ problem is can
> show you a lot you otherwise miss.

Sure, but if you do that, you sometimes have code that deviates from
the python idiom because there was originnaly a good reason for, but
that isn't obvious any more because you are temporarily working with
a boiled down piece of code. People making suggestions on how to
make that boiled down code look more pythonic by using the python
idiom are IMO not very helpfull because essentially those are just
aesthetic.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From matt.good at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 18:57:22 2006
From: matt.good at gmail.com (Matt Good)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 15:57:22 -0700
Subject: Package organization
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8214.1152996975.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8214.1152996975.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153004242.792555.74320@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Mike Wyatt wrote:
> I've been playing around with Python for a few months now, and I just
> recently started looking at packages to organize my growing project.  So
> far, I've been organizing my application into one class per module.
> This has been working pretty well.  For example, I simply "import
> timer", then use "t = timer.Timer()" to allocate a new Timer object, .
> Unfortunately, this is yielding some pretty odd syntax when I use
> packages.  Here is a sample of my package structure:
>
> /engine
>     /graphics
>     /input
>     /world
>     /timer
>         timer.py       # contains Timer class
> main.py
>
> Let's say I want to create a Timer object in main.py.  I would need to
> do something like this:
>
> import engine.timer.timer.Timer
> t = engine.timer.timer.Timer()
>
> Maybe I shouldn't have a module and package with the same name, but it
> seems the most logical design.  Unfortunately, the code is a bit ugly
> with "timer" included in the import three times.
>
> Is there a better way to do this?  How do you guys organize your
> packages and modules?

One class per module?  Sounds like you've been programming in Java (or
C#) for too long :)

But skipping the package structure for a moment you can simplify your
use of the Timer class by changing your imports:

from engine.timer.timer import Timer
t = Timer()

OR

from engine.timer import timer
t = timer.Timer()

Ok, back to package structure.  In Python putting 1 class per module
basically means you're adding an extra level of nesting beyond the
equivalent structure in languages like Java and C# that require you to
create a new file per-class.

In Java defining "engine/timer/Timer.java" you'd get an
"engine.timer.Timer" class.
As you saw in Python defining Timer in "engine/timer/timer.py" the
class is now "engine.timer.timer.Timer".

Dropping that extra level by combining the classes in engine.timer into
a single module will simplify things.

-- Matt Good



From fumanchu at amor.org  Wed Jul 19 19:04:05 2006
From: fumanchu at amor.org (fumanchu)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 16:04:05 -0700
Subject: sysadmin -> python programmer
References: <pan.2006.07.19.17.54.21.129104@dcs.nac.uci.edu>
Message-ID: <1153350245.552295.322030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Dan Stromberg wrote:
> I've been a sysadmin for about 13 years, but I'm realizing that my
> favorite part of being a sysadmin are those moments where there's a reason
> to write some code - preferably in python.
>
> What might one do to make the transition from sysadmin to python
> programmer, aside from the basics like coming up with a python heavy
> resume and putting some python projects on the web?

Find a Python shop that's looking for a sysadmin, of course.
http://www.amor.org/want_ads.html


Robert Brewer
System Architect
Amor Ministries
fumanchu at amor.org



From __peter__ at web.de  Sun Jul 16 10:54:52 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 16:54:52 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.16.13.40.10.287426@gmx.net>
	<mailman.8234.1153060461.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9djvf$lm1$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Daniel Nogradi wrote:

> Thanks, this looks pretty good. However there is some wierdness with
> isclass: whenever a class has a __getattr__ method an instance of it
> will be detected by isclass as a class (although it is not).
> 
> >>> from inspect import isclass
> >>>
> >>> class x:
>  ...     def __getattr__( self, attr ):
>  ...         pass
>  ...
> >>> y = x( )
> >>> isclass( y )
> True

Which reinforces Michael Spencer's instinct that the inspect.isclass()
implementation is a bit too clever (see
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2006-July/351448.html).

> If there is no __getattr__ method isclass works as expected. Am I
> misunderstanding something here or isclass should return False for any
> instance of any class including those with a __getattr__ method?

It certainly should, and I believe that the obvious test

isinstance(obj, (types.ClassType, type))

will work.

Peter


From john at castleamber.com  Sun Jul 16 21:39:27 2006
From: john at castleamber.com (John Bokma)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 01:39:27 GMT
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
References: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9802D223BB355castleamber@130.133.1.4>

bigskipster at gmail.com wrote:

> Here is a cool site were you can preview python ebooks.

It would be more cool if your spamvertized sites had the links to the 
actual sites that host the free books, like Dive into Python and had no 
links at all to clear copyright infringements. Instead of contributing to 
the Python community you take away. Some people make some money with 
writing books.

But everything to make a little AdSense money no? How would you like it if 
everybody who read your message clicks 10 times on each ad?

-- 
John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
                           personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
        Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
            Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 08:33:23 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:33:23 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>

mystilleef wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters. I've
> heard
> people say the use of accessors is not Pythonic. But why? And what is
> the alternative? I refrain from using them because they smell
> "Javaish."
> But now my code base is expanding and I'm beginning to appreciate the
> wisdom behind them. I welcome example code and illustrations.

Which wisdom do you mean? The wisdom that a language that has no property
mechanism and thus can't intercept setting and getting of instance members
needs a bulky convention called JAVA Beans, so that _all_ uses of
properties are tunneled through some code, even if only a few percent of
these actually need that?

Or the wisdom that strangling developers by putting access modifiers with
approx. a dozen different rules in place is an annoyance to adult
developers to say the least?

These are the reasons they are not pythonic. We can intercept property
access (see the property descriptor, http://pyref.infogami.com/property),
and we trust in developers being able to judge form themselves if messing
with internals of code is a good idea or not.

Regards,

Diez





From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul  1 06:49:48 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 22:49:48 +1200
Subject: Interprocess communication on multi-user machine
References: <44a41cae$0$29145$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<ldo-619CD3.21214330062006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<e82tbu$grc$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<ldo-AFFA8C.22542230062006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<e8323i$r79$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <ldo-F6074F.22494801072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <e8323i$r79$1 at gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>,
 nmm1 at cus.cam.ac.uk (Nick Maclaren) wrote:

>In article <ldo-AFFA8C.22542230062006 at lust.ihug.co.nz>,
>Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> writes:
>|> >
>|> >Sockets are often accessed via special files, but are not files.
>|> 
>|> They are files. They are not _regular_ files.
>
>Yes, I know about UNIX-domain sockets, but even when they give the
>appearance of being files, 90% of the time that is the API only,
>and the underlying facility is very different.

Irrelevant. The userland API requires accessing a file, which is subject 
to standard *nix file ownerships and protections.

>Dammit, processes
>are not files just because they happen to have a /proc entry under
>many systems!

They are files. They have all the semantics of files. Under Linux they 
are in fact directories, but those are still files.

They are not files with blocks allocated on some physical disk 
partition, but that doesn't make them any the less files.

>|> I wasn't talking about FIFOs. Even if I was, they _are_ still subject to 
>|> regular file permissions (on Linux, at least).
>
>They aren't on most Unices - Linux is not UNIX, you know :-)

I'm not aware of any *nix system worthy of the name where they are not. 
The "everything-is-a-file" concept is deeply ingrained into the whole 
*nix philosophy.

>I shall not respond further on this.

One can hope...


From justask at acme.com  Fri Jul 28 15:14:30 2006
From: justask at acme.com (Vincent Delporte)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 21:14:30 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca3420$0$30140$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <jeokc2tisel285nois1ini5qhh0o70m2s6@4ax.com>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:58:24 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers
<onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>Ben Sizer wrote:
>(snip)
>> Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
>> own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
>> on it. 

BTW, what is the advantage of running a CherryPy/Django server instead
of the regular way of code in pages? Improved performance because the
Python interpreter is already up and running?


From grante at visi.com  Sun Jul 30 11:06:21 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 15:06:21 -0000
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <12cpindg0jc61bf@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-30, Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> wrote:

> If you get rid of app.MaiLoop(), you basically get rid of all GUI events.
> You need to have you server in a separate thread.

Isn't there any way to use wxWidgets socket callbacks in wxPython?

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm wearing PAMPERS!!
                                  at               
                               visi.com            


From python-url at phaseit.net  Mon Jul 17 10:57:29 2006
From: python-url at phaseit.net (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:57:29 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Dr. Dobb's Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jul 17)
Message-ID: <e9g8gp$nlc$1@lairds.us>

QOTW: "Alas, Python has extensive libraries and [is] well documented
to boot." - Edmond Dantes

"Locking files is a complex business." - Sybren Stuvel


    File-locking *sounds* like an easy thing; it just isn't
    so in any operating system that often appears on desktops.
    Take advantage of those, like Jim Segrave, who have
    traveled this path before:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2d7a1897aca02abb/

    Regular expressions do so much; in Perl, they can even
    initiate arbitrary side effects.  Python achieves the
    same through evaluated substitution, or pyparsing, or
    ... or even directly, with the SE module:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/3189b10b83a6d64a/

    effbot explains exemaker.  Yes, it *is* easy to supply
    a runnable Python or Python-based application on a 
    memory stick:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/40e16cec4c023503/

    John Machin illustrates the rudiments of embedding:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/3189b10b83a6d64a/

    Closures let Peter Otten streamline an example test
    automation:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/665dc562dd315092/

    'Want to be a Python hero?  Clean up cross-generation:
	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/84f3defcf8545736
    

========================================================================
Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in
these pages:

    Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional
    center of Pythonia
        http://www.python.org
    Notice especially the master FAQ
        http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html

    PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the
    marvelous daily python url
         http://www.pythonware.com/daily
    Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new)
    World-Wide Web articles related to Python.
         http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html
    While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL
    are utterly different in their technologies and generally in
    their results.

    For far, FAR more Python reading than any one mind should
    absorb, much of it quite interesting, several pages index
    much of the universe of Pybloggers.
	http://lowlife.jp/cgi-bin/moin.cgi/PythonProgrammersWeblog
        http://www.planetpython.org/
        http://mechanicalcat.net/pyblagg.html

    comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software.  Be
    sure to scan this newsgroup weekly.
        http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python.announce

    Python411 indexes "podcasts ... to help people learn Python ..."
    Updates appear more-than-weekly:
        http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html

    Steve Bethard, Tim Lesher, and Tony Meyer continue the marvelous
    tradition early borne by Andrew Kuchling, Michael Hudson and Brett
    Cannon of intelligently summarizing action on the python-dev mailing
    list once every other week.
	http://www.python.org/dev/summary/

    The Python Package Index catalogues packages.
        http://www.python.org/pypi/

    The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references
    to all sorts of Python resources.
        http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/

    Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group
    mailing lists
        http://www.python.org/sigs/

    Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line
    match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're
    subject with a vision of what the language makes practical.
        http://www.pythonology.com/success

    The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python
    Consortium as an independent nexus of activity.  It has official
    responsibility for Python's development and maintenance.
        http://www.python.org/psf/
    Among the ways you can support PSF is with a donation.
        http://www.python.org/psf/donate.html

    Kurt B. Kaiser publishes a weekly report on faults and patches.
        http://www.google.com/groups?as_usubject=weekly%20python%20patch

    Although unmaintained since 2002, the Cetus collection of Python
    hyperlinks retains a few gems.
        http://www.cetus-links.org/oo_python.html

    Python FAQTS
        http://python.faqts.com/

    The Cookbook is a collaborative effort to capture useful and
    interesting recipes.
	http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python

    Among several Python-oriented RSS/RDF feeds available are
	http://www.python.org/channews.rdf
	http://bootleg-rss.g-blog.net/pythonware_com_daily.pcgi
	http://python.de/backend.php
    For more, see
	http://www.syndic8.com/feedlist.php?ShowMatch=python&ShowStatus=all
    The old Python "To-Do List" now lives principally in a
    SourceForge reincarnation.
        http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?atid=355470&group_id=5470&func=browse
	http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0042/

    The online Python Journal is posted at pythonjournal.cognizor.com.
    editor at pythonjournal.com and editor at pythonjournal.cognizor.com
    welcome submission of material that helps people's understanding
    of Python use, and offer Web presentation of your work.

    del.icio.us presents an intriguing approach to reference commentary.
    It already aggregates quite a bit of Python intelligence.
        http://del.icio.us/tag/python

    *Py: the Journal of the Python Language*
        http://www.pyzine.com

    Archive probing tricks of the trade:
        http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python&num=100
        http://groups.google.com/groups?meta=site%3Dgroups%26group%3Dcomp.lang.python.*

Previous - (U)se the (R)esource, (L)uke! - messages are listed here:
  http://www.ddj.com/topic/python/ (requires subscription)
  http://groups-beta.google.com/groups?q=python-url+group:comp.lang.python*&start=0&scoring=d&
  http://purl.org/thecliff/python/url.html (dormant)
or
  http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djq&as_q=+Python-URL!&as_ugroup=comp.lang.python
There is *not* an RSS for "Python-URL!"--at least not yet.  Arguments
for and against are occasionally entertained.


Suggestions/corrections for next week's posting are always welcome.
E-mail to <Python-URL at phaseit.net> should get through.

To receive a new issue of this posting in e-mail each Monday morning
(approximately), ask <claird at phaseit.net> to subscribe.  Mention
"Python-URL!".  Write to the same address to unsubscribe.


-- The Python-URL! Team--

Dr. Dobb's Journal (http://www.ddj.com) is pleased to participate in and
sponsor the "Python-URL!" project.


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul  3 23:26:13 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 20:26:13 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <1151979407.878633.66050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <068c01c69f19$9b3c58e0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

simon...

the '&nbsp;' is not to be seen/viewed as text/ascii.. it's a representation
of a hex 'u\xa0' if i recall...

i'm looking to remove or replace the insances with a ' ' (space)

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 7:17 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo &nbsp;"
> which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.

&, n, b, s, p, ;  Those are all ascii characters.

> i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string
>
> the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...
>
>  text = "foo cat &nbsp;"
>
>  ie ok_text = strip(text)
>
>  ok_text = "foo cat"

Do you really want to remove those html entities?  Or would you rather
convert them back into the actual text they represent?  Do you just
want to deal with &nbsp;'s?  Or maybe the other possible entities that
might appear also?

Check out htmlentitydefs.entitydefs (see
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-htmlentitydefs.html)  it's kind of
ugly looking so maybe use pprint to print it:

>>> import htmlentitydefs, pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(htmlentitydefs.entitydefs)
{'AElig': '?',
 'Aacute': '?',
 'Acirc': '?',
.
.
.
 'nbsp': '\xa0',
.
.
.
etc...


HTH,
~Simon

"You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
means."
 -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From petr.jakes at tpc.cz  Mon Jul  3 08:44:33 2006
From: petr.jakes at tpc.cz (=?windows-1250?Q?Petr_Jake=9A?=)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 14:44:33 +0200
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151920372.312117.118890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151868051.206324.259810@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920372.312117.118890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1933510189.20060703144433@tpc.cz>

v> Thanks,

v> But I need to to do complicated job in the xterm consoles for servers.
what does it mean, complicated job? Can you be more specific, please?
v> So I need
v> to open many xterm consoles and I just want to save my time from
v> telneting...usr/pwd...

v> Network Ninja wrote:
>> valpa wrote:
>> > I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
>> > telnet on to them and configure them.
>> > It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to




From wegwerp at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 15:27:23 2006
From: wegwerp at gmail.com (Bas)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 12:27:23 -0700
Subject: Math package
References: <1154199358.875446.62310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154201243.304203.215780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I think you need one of these:

http://www-03.ibm.com/servers/deepcomputing/bluegene.html

Don't know if it runs python. If that doesn't work try to reformulate
your problem and have a look at

http://scipy.org/

Cheers,
Bas

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> I want to write a program which would have a 2 dimensional array of 1
> billion by 1 billion. This is for computational purposes and evaluating
> a mathematical concept similar to Erdos number.
>
> Which is the best package for such programs (that would be fast
> enough). 
> 
> Every help is appreciated.
> 
> Thanks



From http  Sat Jul  1 13:10:55 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 17:10:55 GMT
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
References: <Svxpg.192$iW2.179@trnddc03>
Message-ID: <7x8xndqmhs.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"LittlePython" <LittlePython at lost.com> writes:
> I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
> example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
> authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great as I am
> a "baby python" who is very green with threading..

Why don't you look in the Python Cookbook, either the paper edition
(O'Reilly) or the online one (aspn.activestate.com).


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 12:39:26 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 16:39:26 GMT
Subject: cookielib incorrectly escapes cookie
References: <mailman.7813.1152110729.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <87odvyohq9.fsf@reportlab.com>

"BJ?rn Lindqvist" <bjourne at gmail.com> writes:

> I have some very serious trouble getting cookes to work. After a lot
> of work (urllib2 is severly underdocumented, arcane and overengineerd
> btw) I'm finally able to accept cookes from a server. But I'm still

And a good day to you too ;-)

In passing, there's a new HOWTO document on urllib2 here, which you
may find helpful:

http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Doc/howto/urllib2.rst?rev=46062&view=markup


Doesn't seem to be part of the build process yet, so not available yet
in nicely-formatted HTML form on the python.org website -- I guess
it's included in HTML format in 2.5 beta1, though.

Note that that document is substantially rewritten over the version
that was originally on Michael's web site, from which the HOWTO
originally came.  I haven't checked the version on Michael's website
has been updated recently, so use the version linked to above instead.


> unable to return them to a server. Specifically the script im trying
> to do logs on to a server, get a session cookie and then tries to
> access a secure page using the same session cookie. But the cookie
> header cookielib produces is very different from the header it
> received.

Well (sigh), I didn't make all that up, you know ;-) Believe it or
not, that's what's supposed to happen if you send Version=1 cookies
(though few browsers ever supported it).  In case it's your own
server, I should note that I don't know of any reason for an internet
server ever to send Version=1 cookies, given what the majority of
browsers actually do.  However, since the cookie protocols (plural)
are, in practice, ill-defined (which is no individual's fault,
really), cases that work in popular browsers should usually be fixed.

Please test to make sure your problem goes away with Python 2.5 beta1:
I believe this bug is already fixed.  Please do try it though: it's
unlikely that anybody else has tested the fix.  I think beta2 is due
on Wednesday 12th, so it's advisable to get in quick if you want this
to work in 2.5 (please Cc: me personally to let me know whether it
works for you).

Note that it should work for you in Python 2.5 if and only if (not
rfc2965 or rfc2109_as_netscape) is true, where rfc2109_as_netscape and
rfc2965 are constructor arguments of DefaultCookiePolicy.  To
understand why (on some level, anyway), read the in-development docs
for DefaultCookiePolicy here:

http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/module-cookielib.html


Thanks for the report.

If you'd like a better workaround than the one you have for older
Pythons, I'll be happy to post one if you'll test this with 2.5 (no
good deed goes unpunished ;-)


[...]
> # Here is where it doesn't work unless the hack is applied. The cookie
> # header that is sent without the hack looks like this:
> #
> #   Cookie: $Version=1; SessionId=\"66b908e5025d93ed\"; $Path="/"
> #
> # It is not accepted by the server, probably because the SessionID
> # string is wrong.

There is a bug here, I think: I think the quoting is indeed incorrect,
but probably not for the reason you expect (also, on a separate point,
the funny-looking $Version and $Path are at least strictly correct,
and for example my copy of the "lynx" browser does send them).  I
won't try to explain the details here.

Since the fix would likely be complicated and risky, and of benefit
only in very unusual circumstances, I don't intend to fix it at this
stage of the Python release process.  It will not affect you when
using Python 2.5, as long as (not rfc2965 or rfc2109_as_netscape) is
true (see above for the definition of those names).  That's true by
default in 2.5, so all you should need is:

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor())
opener.open("http://www.example.com/")


(Unless you want to get at the CookieJar, e.g. to load and save
cookies), in which case go ahead and override the default CookieJar by
passing one to the HTTPCookieProcessor as you do in the code you
posted.)

I also note that you're adding an HTTPCookieProcessor, *and* also
calling .add_cookie_header().  HTTPCookieProcessor's job is to call
.add_cookie_header() / .extract_cookies() for you (even on redirects,
where you never get the opportunity to do it "manually").  You never
need to call those functions yourself if using urllib2.

HTH!


John


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul 15 10:32:01 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 16:32:01 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>	<17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>
	<e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e9au90$ql7$1@sea.gmane.org>

Wolfgang wrote:

>> First, avoid "from function import *" as it pollutes your namespace.  Either
>> import specific symbols or just the module:
>>
>>     from function import fun, fun1
>>     import function
> 
> thanks for the hint! But what is the difference between
> from module import *
> 	and
> import module
> ?

http://effbot.org/zone/import-confusion.htm#many-ways

</F>



From taleinat at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:01:15 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:01:15 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152194475.370764.17920@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have recently implemented a system where clients connect to an RPC
server (RPyC in my case), run a webserver on the RPC server, and close
the webserver when they're done with it.

To do this I wrote a ServerThread class which wraps a SimpleHTTPServer,
runs as a thread, and can be signalled to stop. The ServerThread class
doesn't use the server_forever() method (which is just "while 1:
self.handle_request()"), instead it has a while loop which checks a
flag which is signalled from outside.

We need to set a timeout for the handle_request() call. The first thing
I tried was to use Python's socket object's new 'set_timeout' method,
but I found it caused mysterious errors to occur on my WindowsXP
machine :(  Instead I call select() on the server's listening socket to
check for incoming requests, and only then call handle_request().
select()'s timeout works :)


# This is the heart of the code - the request handling loop:
while not self.close_flag.isSet():
        # Use select() to check if there is an incoming request
        r,w,e = select.select([self.server.socket], [], [],
self.timeout)
        if r:
            self.server.handle_request()

# The stop method should be called to stop the request handling loop
def stop(self, wait=False):
    self.close_flag.set()
    if wait:
        while self.isAlive(): # isAlive() is inherited from
threading.Thread
            time.sleep(self.timeout/10.0)

(in my case, self.stop_flag is a threading.Event object)


Good luck!

jbrewer wrote:
> I'm currently implementing an XML-RPC service in Python where binary
> data is sent to the server via URLs.  However, some clients that need
> to access the server may not have access to a web server, and I need to
> find a solution.  I came up with the idea of embedding a simple HTTP
> server in the XML-RPC clients so that files can be sent in the
> following way:
>
> 1.  Start an HTTP server on the client using e.g SImpleHTTPServer on a
> user allowed port
> 2.  Call XML-RPC server with the URL to the file on the client to
> upload
> 3.  Get XML-RPC server response, then shut down HTTP server on client
>
> Does this sound reasonable?  I know that XML-RPC can send binary data,
> but I presume that the URL method would be faster because the XML
> parser could skip reading the binary file (is it base64 encoded as a
> string like in SOAP?).
>
> Anyway, I'm unsure of how to implement this in Python.  In particular,
> how do I shut down a web server once I've started it with
> server_forever()?  Should I run the server in a separate thread or run
> it asynchronously?  Since I'm only uploading one file I don't really
> need to handle multiple clients; I just need to be able to shut the
> server down once remote call has finished.
>
> Any help would be appreciated since I'm new to network programming.
> 
> Jeremy



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul  3 12:50:12 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 16:50:12 -0000
Subject: No error while sending via TCP Socket
References: <e82a11$4aa$1@online.de> <12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<12aia256meiuk22@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151943223.195557.126270@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12aiim49u9p4m4f@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-03, Ben Sizer <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:
> Grant Edwards wrote:

>> You're talking about the case where there's un-ACKed data.
>> Breaking a link when there's no un-ACKed data (which is what
>> the OP did) will require an hour or two to timeout _iff_
>> keepalive is enabled.  If keepalive has not been enabled, a
>> broken connection with no un-ACKed data will never timeout.
>
> My mistake, Grant. I was under the impression that a blocking
> send() would wait for an ACK before proceeding, but upon
> checking the man pages I see that this is not the case.

It would be awfully nice if there was such an option.  I've
needed to do exactly that once or twice, and had to add a
kernel-mode ioctl() call to the Linux kernel so I could wait
until the data sent on a socket had been ACKed.  The reason I
needed to do that was because the application layer protocol
was broken with no way to change it.

> It does seem to make the oft-cited TCP guarantee of data
> arrival a little weaker however, if you can't necessarily know
> how many of your sends have succeeded or not. Doubtless I am
> missing something here, too. Time to dig out my old networking
> notes, perhaps.

If you really do need to know if the data got there, I guess
you're supposed to use an application layer ACK.  Even if you
could wait for an ACK, that only means that the TCP/IP stack on
the other end got the packet.  It doesn't mean that the
application has read the data (the application could well be
locked up somehow with the data that has been ACKed just
sitting in a buffer).

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Now that we're
                                  at               in LOVE, you can BUY
                               visi.com            this GOLDFISH for a 48%
                                                   DISCOUNT.


From teethofgold at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 20:00:38 2006
From: teethofgold at yahoo.com (Jeremy Winters)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:00:38 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Python on RedHat AS 2.1?
Message-ID: <20060715000039.62797.qmail@web52308.mail.yahoo.com>

Installable package?

Any ideas?

Thanks in advance,
Jeremy

 		
---------------------------------
Yahoo! Music Unlimited - Access over 1 million songs.Try it free. 
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From jjlee at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 16:07:27 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:07:27 GMT
Subject: Mechanize/Browser question
References: <mailman.7981.1152545694.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hffuvF1cebfeU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <87ac7hgr5s.fsf@reportlab.com>

"Diez B. Roggisch" <deets at nospam.web.de> writes:

> bruce schrieb:
> > hi...
> > i can do the following
> >   br = Browser
> >   br.open("www.yahoo.com")
> >   br.open("file:///foo")
> >  but can i do
> >   s = "..." <<<< qualified html text
> >   br.open(s)
> >  i'm curious, if i have html from someother source, is there a way
> > to simply
> > get it into the "Browser" so i can modify it...
> 
> Use the tempfile-module to create a temporary file, write your HTML in
> there and point the browser to it. Alternatively, you could fire up a
> SimpleHTTPServer and serve the content. For HTML-only this would be
> overkill, but if you need images as well it might be worth it.

There are better/other ways which I've already pointed bruce to on the
mailing list that covers module mechanize
(wwwsearch-general at lists.sourceforge.net).

I've asked Bruce not to cross-post all this stuff -- partly since he's
not likely to get a good answer from anybody but me and the others on
that list, but also to avoid irritating everybody on c.l.py ;-)


John


From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 14 13:26:34 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:26:34 -0000
Subject: time.clock()
References: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
Message-ID: <12bfkuaeu5vh0e9@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-14, Tobiah <toby at rcsreg.com> wrote:

> So I "man 3 clock" and notice:
>
> 	The value returned is the CPU time used so far as a clock_t; to get  the  number
>        of  seconds  used,  divide by CLOCKS_PER_SEC.
>
> So, I'm wondering how to get that value from python.

What value?

> All I really want to do is know current time relative to a
> given point

Which is not at all the same thing as CPU usage.

> so that I can capture MIDI events, and store the time at which
> they arrive.

time.time()

> Am I barking up the wrong tree?

Yes, but your in the right grove.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  "THE LITTLE PINK
                                  at               FLESH SISTERS," I saw them
                               visi.com            at th' FLUROESCENT BULB
                                                   MAKERS CONVENTION...


From johannes.wollard at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 16:00:16 2006
From: johannes.wollard at gmail.com (notanotheridiot)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 13:00:16 -0700
Subject: BaseHTTPRequestHandler: how to read/write until diconnected
In-Reply-To: <e95rsa$aa6$1@news.lucky.net>
References: <e95rsa$aa6$1@news.lucky.net>
Message-ID: <1152820816.607900.255000@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Maksim Kasimov wrote:
> I'm trying to write an server-application, using BaseHTTPServer/BaseHTTPRequestHandler.
>
> When application is running, some client-application can post data to the server, and BaseHTTPRequestHandler reads all headers and posted raw data from "rfile", sends back response, than client/server session, than session closed - that works just fine.
>
> how to check whether some data posted again by the client in the session, and send response again in one session (and do such iterations util client stops to post data) ?
>

BaseHTTPServer is precisely that, a HTTP server. what you are
describing is not (I'm pretty sure) not HTTP.
HTTP/1.1 can do something similar and is supported by BaseHTTPServer:
with HTTP/1.1 the stream is not closed between requests. This relies on
a Content-Length field being present in all communications from the
server to the client. To enable HTTP/1.1 you have to set the
protocol_version attribute of your BaseHTTPRequestHandler derived class
to "HTTP/1.1" .

A little while back I wrote a small guide to HTTP in the context of
BaseHTTPServer: http://crunchy.python-hosting.com/wiki/HttpServer

If (as I think) you want to send multiple, inter-dependent messages
each way under the aegis of one HTTP request, you should probably look
at sublassing TCPServer (you can, and probably should, still use
mimetools.Message to parse headers though).



From roberts.noah at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 16:36:14 2006
From: roberts.noah at gmail.com (Noah Roberts)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:36:14 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154032574.156596.32870@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> Rob Williscroft wrote:
>
> > If this is more than idle curiosity I strongly suggest you post
> > a version of the python code you need to translate to C++.
>
> For the moment this is just healthy curiosity but i will still post the
> code i would like to see translated:
>
> class Parent:
> 	count=0
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		self.__class__.count +=1
> 	@classmethod
> 	def getcount(cls):
> 		return cls.count
>
> class Child(Parent):
> 	count=0 # replace this line by a 'pass'  statement if you don't want
> to reinitialise the count
>
> a=Parent()
> b=Parent()
> print Parent.getcount()  # you get 2
> c=Child()
> d=Child()
> e=Child()
> print Child.getcount() # you get 3 (you could get 5 if you don't
> reinitialise the count)

What happens if you print Parent.getcount() now?



From myddrin at myddrin.com  Fri Jul  7 11:37:59 2006
From: myddrin at myddrin.com (Rob Knapp)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 11:37:59 -0400
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1152286679.11942.17.camel@localhost.localdomain>

On Thu, 2006-07-06 at 14:24 -0400, Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> Hi guys,
> 
> I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> attempted this?
> 

At a previous position, I looked at this.  Not for a game but for
embedding our components in IE & Mozilla.

I started work on a Mozilla (this was pre-firefox) plugin that was based
on pyxpcom.  The company told me to stop development due to changing
business stuff, and I convinced them to release the non-working source.

However, I have since lost the source code.  It was a strange situation
as I wasn't allowed to start a sf project, and hosted the source on my
website. (they didn't want to be "seen supporting open source" if that
makes any sense...esp since the project was largely python based).
Unfortunately, sometime over the course of 2 web host changes and 1 move
from NC to PA I lost the source.  It might be available in a mailing
list archive of the pyxpcom list. (I make no claims of quality code,
this was during extra-special heavy duty start-up mode and I was getting
maybe 6 hours of downtime a day for meals, sleep and saying "Hi" to my
wife... so if you do manage to find the code, keep that in mind. :) )

It was not, as I recall, overly difficult at least conceptually since
most of the cross-platform hurdles were handled by pyxpcom.  Just follow
the examples in pyxpcom and in the netscape documentation to get a basic
plugin.  This would load a xpcom component and start it.  It was just a
matter of creating the pyxpcom component and "that was it."  (Pushing
aside implementation details like getting pyxpcom installed on the
machine, and how the extent of the plugin's area gets passed in and a
bunch of other niggling little details.)

Mind you this was back in 2002, so my memory may be simplifying things
slightly, and there is always the chance that I was just flat out wrong
from beginning to end. :)   Also, I'd spent maybe 10 hours on the
project before I was told to stop, so who knows what issues might be
laying under the surface.  For example, getting the same concept to work
in IE ended up taking a great deal of development as we ended up using
trolltech's ActiveQT to wrap our components (which were already QT
classes).

At anyrate, I'm 90% certain that it can be done and think it's a rockin'
good idea.  I might return to it in future, as my new employer may have
a need, but that wouldn't be until at least next year, if not the year
after that.





> -- 
> Gregory Pi?ero
> Chief Innovation Officer
> Blended Technologies
> (www.blendedtechnologies.com)



From crystalattice at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 23:51:40 2006
From: crystalattice at yahoo.com (crystalattice)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 03:51:40 GMT
Subject: Pickle vs XML for file I/O
References: <1154391849.335723.94480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154392539.551356.70870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tdk6cd0pqaun6z@emac.local>

On Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:35:39 -1000, Simon Forman <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com>  
wrote:

> crystalattice wrote:
>> I'm creating an RPG for experience and practice.  I've finished a
>> character creation module and I'm trying to figure out how to get the
>> file I/O to work.
>>
>> I've read through the python newsgroup and it appears that shelve
>> probably isn't the best option for various reasons.  This lead me to
>> try messing w/ pickle, but I can't figure out how to use it with
>> classes.  I've found many examples of using pickle w/ non-OOP code but
>> nothing that shows how to use it w/ classes, subclasses, etc.  I've
>> read the documentation but it doesn't explain it well enough for me.
>>
>> Then I started thinking perhaps I'm going about it wrong.  My current
>> thought is to save an instance of each character so all the info (name,
>> skills, hit points, etc.) is stored in one place.  But looking at
>> OpenRPG made me think that perhaps using XML to store the information
>> would be better.  Each character could have a separate XML file, though
>> I don't know how it would work if many NPC's are required.
>>
>> I guess my question is, what are the benifits of getting pickle to work
>> w/ my classes vs. converting all the character data into XML and just
>> writing that to a file?  Since most of the data would need to be
>> modified often, e.g. hit points, is one storage format better than the
>> other?  Can you even modify data if it's been pickled w/o having to
>> unpickle it, change the data, then repickle it?
>
> Um, there's nothing tricky to using pickle with classes:
>
> |>> import pickle
> |>> class foo: pass
> |>> f = foo()
> |>> pstr = pickle.dumps(f)
> |>> pstr
> '(i__main__\nfoo\np0\n(dp1\nb.'
> |>> newf = pickle.loads(pstr)
> |>> newf
> <__main__.foo instance at 0xb664690c>
>
> Pickle is simple and should work "out-of-the-box".  I wouldn't mess
> with XML until I was sure I needed it for something.
>
> What kind of trouble were you having with pickle?
>
> Peace,
> ~Simon
>
It's mostly a combination of things (I hope you can follow my logic).   
First, to use "good programming practice", I want to implement a  
try/except block for opening the pickle file.  But I can't figure out if  
this block should be included outside the classes, included in just the  
base class, or if the base and subclasses need it; I'm leaning to putting  
outside the classes as a global method.

When pickling a class instance, is the pickle statement placed within the  
class (say, at the end of the class) or is it where the instance is  
created, such as a test() method?

Do I even need to bother with having the try/except block and pickle  
statements in the character generation module or should I have a separate  
module that does the file I/O, such that it opens the new file, calls the  
character module and makes a new instance, then pickles it?

Plus, to modify data in a class, do I have to unpickle the whole thing  
first or is there a way to modify the data while it's pickled?  Actually,  
I think I can answer that last question:  a character instance, having  
been created, will stay resident in memory until the player quits,  
character dies, or otherwise is no longer needed.  At that point the  
character instance should be pickled (if necessary) to disk; pickle  
shouldn't be used while data modification is required and the class  
instance is "active", correct?

I also remember reading on a thread here that pickle sometimes has issues  
when used with classes, which makes me hesitant to pickle an entire class  
instance.  That's why I thought XML may be safer/better.


-- 
Python-based online RPG in development based on the Colonial Marines from  
"Aliens": http://cmrpg.sourceforge.net

Using Opera's revolutionary e-mail client: http://www.opera.com/mail/


From david at boddie.org.uk  Sat Jul 15 21:07:31 2006
From: david at boddie.org.uk (David Boddie)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 18:07:31 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153012051.165955.101350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:

> I've got another problem, I'm afraid - I've installed Qt 4.1.4 and PyQt
> GPL v4.0 over Python 2.4, and the demos for both run happily enough,
> but when I try to run the first example (in IDLE) from Boudewijn
> Rempt's GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition I just get
> "ImportError: No module named qt". Is there something I need to add to
> my sys.path here?

The module structures for PyQt3 and PyQt4 are quite different: the
monolithic qt module from PyQt3 has been replaced by a number of
modules in PyQt4. Despite this, there is a similar way to "import qt"
in PyQt4:

  from PyQt4 import Qt

However, you will have difficulty using the examples in that book
because it was written for PyQt3. Work is underway to "port" the book
to PyQt4, but it will take some time. (You can help with this and learn
about PyQt4 at the same time, if you want.)

In the meantime, the set of slides from a talk at EuroPython 2006 is
probably the only learning material on the web for PyQt4:

http://indico.cern.ch/contributionDisplay.py?contribId=33&amp;sessionId=41&amp;confId=44

There's plenty of learning material for Qt 4; the official
documentation at http://doc.trolltech.com/4.1 contains examples
and overviews that are readable if you already know C++. Those of us
who use PyQt4 are still catching up!

All the best,

David



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 15:54:06 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 12:54:06 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
Message-ID: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

My server.py looks like this

---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import socket
import sys
import os

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
host = ''
port = 2000

s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'client is at', addr

while True:
	data = conn.recv(1000000)
	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
		print 'MaxiSim'
		os.system('notepad')
	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
		print 'Driving Sim'
		os.system('explorer')
	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
		print 'Shutting down...'
		os.system('shutdown -s')
		conn.close()
		break
-------------------------------------------CODE
END-------------------------------------

I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
down.

When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
command. I want is that it should accept subsequent commands like
Driving Sim and launch windows explorer etc untill I send a 'SHUTDOWN'
command.

Any help on this, it will be greatly appreciated.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 17:37:51 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 23:37:51 +0200
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
In-Reply-To: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <4i7n1cF2i1ccU1@uni-berlin.de>

Matthew Wilson schrieb:
> I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
> update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:
> 
>     In [5]: class some_class(object):
>        ...:      def __init__(self, a=None):
>        ...:          self.a = a
>        ...:
> 
>     In [6]: c = some_class(a=1)
> 
>     In [7]: c.a
>     Out[7]: 1
> 
>     In [8]: c.A = 2
> 
> I meant to update c.a but I created a new c.A.  I make this mistake
> probably hourly.

Try pylint & pychecker.

Diez


From fabiofz at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 13:18:17 2006
From: fabiofz at gmail.com (Fabio Zadrozny)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:18:17 -0300
Subject: Python Projects Continuous Integration
In-Reply-To: <1154087739.722910.110310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154087739.722910.110310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <cfb578b20607281018x2d3705dcx83a1bca37bf70e3e@mail.gmail.com>

On 28 Jul 2006 04:55:39 -0700, Dave Potts <d.j.potts at bcs.org.uk> wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in
> the Java world.  I was wondering what tool advice you could give me
> about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python
> code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the
> docs, tag the code repository.  I'm used to things like Maven and
> CruiseControl in the Java world.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Dave.
>

Hi Dave,

Been there recently. The one that seems more used that is done in python is
buildbot... still, I've settled with cruise control for building my python
projects (buildbot just refused to use pserver correctly for me), and it was
just a matter of doing some execs for python for using my actual build
scripts (that are in python).

Cheers,

Fabio
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From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 19 04:08:36 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 10:08:36 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9kp9i$oo2$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Sanjay wrote:

> Hi All,
> 
> Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.
> 
> Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
> business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
> ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:
> 
> GeneratedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>   .
>   .
>   .
> 
> End Class
> 
> HandcraftedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>  .
>  .
>  .
> End Class
> 
> The intrepretor adds the code in both to compose the class Person.
> 
> What is the equivalent in Python? Inheriting is a way, but is not
> working in all scenerios.

I, like everybody else it seems, am interested to know why/when (multiple)
inheritance doesn't work. Meanwhile

# this is a hack
import inspect
import textwrap

class Generated:
    def generated(self):
        print "generated"

def class_body(Class):
    return textwrap.dedent(inspect.getsource(Class).split("\n", 1)[1])

class Handmade:
    exec class_body(Generated)
    def handmade(self):
        print "handmade"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print dir(Handmade)
    Handmade().generated()

Peter


From mark at holmes.nl  Wed Jul 26 06:32:30 2006
From: mark at holmes.nl (wscrsurfdude)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 03:32:30 -0700
Subject: Problem with readlines() and uml
Message-ID: <1153909950.254371.126140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ik have an uml file I want to read with readlines. I have the following
code:
infile = open("out2.txt","r")
for line in infile.readlines():
    print line

The print statement just gives the data, not the uml headings. Is there
a solution which also gives the uml headings.



From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 06:52:08 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 12:52:08 +0200
Subject: fonction in python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8dh8p$cud$1@news.albasani.net>

aliassaf wrote:
> Hello, 
>   
> If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
> going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.   
> 
> But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
> it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
> hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
> that f (t)!!! 

That is not possible at all. There are too many possible functions mapping
2 to 4, 3 to 9 etc.

You can, however, create a list of candidate functions and check your input
pairs (x,y) against each of those functions to see if any of them matches.

Short, unoptimized example:

functions = [
    lambda x: x,
    lambda x: x+1,
    lambda x: x*x,
    lambda x: x**3,
]

input = [(1,1), (2,2)]

for function in functions:
    for x,y in input:
        if function(x) != y:
            break
    else:
        print "function", function, "matches"

Georg


From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Mon Jul 31 19:47:54 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 09:47:54 +1000
Subject: Working with Widget after Instance loses the reference
In-Reply-To: <1154369736.280787.260900@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154369736.280787.260900@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154389675.5003.35.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 11:15 -0700, Al in Dallas wrote:
> I made the mistake of creating an instance of a widget and assigning it
> to a name I'd already used. Now, if I use root.children or
> root.slaves(), I can see the "lost" widget, but can I do anything else
> with the string of numbers that shows up when I use root.children? I'd
> like to destory the widget, for example. it would be even better if I
> could create a new name and have it reference the "lost" widget.
> 
> Of course, I can just kill my toplevel and start over.
> 


Consider the following code run in the python shell:

>>> from Tkinter import *
>>> r = Tk()
>>> b1 = Button(r, text='test')
>>> b1.pack()
>>> b2 = Button(r, text='test2')
>>> b2.pack()
>>> r.children
{'-1210160564': <Tkinter.Button instance at 0xb7de6a4c>, '-1210225748':
<Tkinter.Button instance at 0xb7dd6bac>}
>>> r.slaves()
[<Tkinter.Button instance at 0xb7dd6bac>, <Tkinter.Button instance at
0xb7de6a4c>]
>>> b1 = 'xxx'                         
>>> b1.destroy()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'destroy'
>>> b1 = r.slaves()[0]
>>> b1.destroy()
>>>


So, as long as you know what your widget instance is in root.slaves() or
root.children you can assign it to a new name.




-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 18 18:33:29 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 00:33:29 +0200
Subject: Can thread start other threads?
In-Reply-To: <1153259879.818215.103030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153259879.818215.103030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i55tpF28h6iU1@uni-berlin.de>

John Henry schrieb:
> Can Python thread start threads?  It appears not.  When I do that, the
> sub-threads gets to certain point and just sit there.  If I run the
> code serially and not run the sub-thread code as threads, everything is
> fine.

It can.

import threading, time


class Test(threading.Thread):
     def __init__(self, num):
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
         self._num = num
         self.setDaemon(True)
         self.start()

     def run(self):
         if self._num > 0:
             t = Test(self._num - 1)
         while True:
             time.sleep(.2)
             print "T_%i" % self._num


t = Test(4)

while True:
     time.sleep(2.0)


> I throught the problem is when you run multiple processes of Pythons...


No.

Whatever you do, it must be the cause. Without code - nobody can tell 
you why.

Diez


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 01:44:41 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 23:44:41 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>

George Neuner <gneuner2/@comcast.net> wrote:
> Now this is getting ridiculous.

It's not at all ridiculous.  The fact that it seems ridiculous is a good 
reason to educate people about what static typing does (and doesn't) 
mean, and specifically that it doesn't imply any constraints on the kind 
of behavioral property that's being checked; but only on the way that 
the check occurs.

(As a subtle point here, we're assuming that this really is an error; 
i.e., it shouldn't happen in a correct program.  If this is validation 
against a user mistake, then that's a different matter; obviously, that 
would typically be done with a conditional statement like if, and 
wouldn't count as a type error in any context.)

> Regardless of implementation
> language, Pascal's example is of a data dependent, runtime constraint.

99% of program errors (excluding only syntax errors and the like) are 
data-dependent runtime errors.  Types are a way of classifying that data 
until such errors become obvious at compile time.

> Is the compiler to forbid a person object from aging?  If not, then
> how does this person object suddenly become a different type when it
> becomes 18?  Is this conversion to be automatic or manual?  

The object doesn't have a type (this is static typing, remember?), but 
expressions do.  The expressions have types, and those types are 
probably inferred in such a circumstance (at least, this one would even 
more of a pain without type inference).

> If your marvelous static type
> checker does the conversion automatically, then obviously types are
> not static and can be changed at runtime.  

There really is no conversion, but it does infer the correct types 
automatically.  It does so by having more complex rules regarding how to 
determine the type of an expression.  Java's current type system, of 
course, is considerably less powerful.  In particular, Java mostly 
assures that a variable name has a certain type when used as an 
expression, regardless of the context of that expression.  Only with 
some of the Java 5 features (capture conversion, generic method type 
inference, etc) did this cease to be the case.  It would be necessary to 
drop this entirely to make the feature above work.  For example, 
consider the following in a hypothetical Java language augmented with 
integer type ranges:

    int{17..26} a;
    int{14..22} b;

    ...

    if (a < b)
    {
        // Inside this block, a has type int{17..21} and b has type
        // int{18..22}

        signContract(a); // error, because a might be 17
        signContract(b); // no error, because even though the declared
                         // type of b is int{14..22}, it has a local
                         // type of int{18..22}.
    }

(By the way, I hate this example... hence I've changed buyPorn to 
signContract, which at least in the U.S. also requires a minimum age of 
18.  Hopefully, you'll agree this doesn't change the sunstantive 
content. :)

Note that when a programmer is validating input from a user, they will 
probably write precisely the kind of conditional expression that allows 
the compiler to deduce a sufficiently restrictive type and thus allows 
the type checker to succeed.  Or if they don't do so -- say, for 
example, the programmer produces a fencepost error by accidentally 
entering "if (age >= 17)" instead of "if (age > 17)" -- then the 
compiler will produce a type error as a result.  If the programmer 
stores the value into a variable of general type int (assuming such a 
thing still exists in our augmented Java-esque language), then the 
additional type information is forgotten, just like type information is 
forgotten when a reference of type String is assigned to a reference of 
type Object.  In both cases, a runtime-checked cast will be required to 
restore the lost type information.

Incidentally, I'm not saying that such a feature would be a good idea.  
It generally isn't provided in languages specifically because it gets to 
be a big pain to maintain all of the type specifications for this kind 
of stuff.  However, it is possible, and it is a static type system, 
because expressions are assigned typed syntactically, rather than values 
being checked for correctness at runtime.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 14:07:01 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:07:01 -0700
Subject: iter(callable, sentinel)
References: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1154023621.809524.187130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Will McGugan wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I've been using Python for years, but I recently encountered something
> in the docs I wasnt familar with. That is, using two arguements for
> iter(). Could someone elaborate on the docs and maybe show a typical use
> case for it?
>
>
> Thanks,
>
> Will McGugan
>
> --
> work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
> blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com

Also, FWIW, GvR said this (parenthetically) about a week ago on the
Python-3000 list: "I also think that the two-argument form
iter(function, sentinel) is not very successful or useful and might be
dropped, but that's a separate issue."



From girish at it.usyd.edu.au  Tue Jul 11 21:46:09 2006
From: girish at it.usyd.edu.au (girish at it.usyd.edu.au)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:46:09 +1000
Subject: How to generate all substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152668769.44b454613a880@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>

Quoting Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr>:

> girish at it.usyd.edu.au a ?crit :
> > Hi,
> >  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length
> >=2.
> > Also,
> > each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> > versa.
> >  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> > 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
> >  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> > 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd',
> 'c'],
> > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> > 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
> >
> >  I've tried the following but i cant prevent duplicates and i'm
> missing
> > some substrings:
> >
> >
> >>>>colocn = 'abcd'
> >>>>k = 4
> >>>>for i in range(k-1):
> >
> >             for j in range(1,k):
> >                 rule1 = [colocn[i:i+j],colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:]]
> >                 rule2 = [colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:],colocn[i:i+j]]
> >                 rules.append(rule1)
> >                 rules.append(rule2)
> >
> >>>>rules
> >
> > [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['abc', 'd'],
> > ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'],
> > ['bcd', 'a'], ['a', 'bcd'], ['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'], ['cd', 'ab'],
> > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['ab', 'cd']]
> >
> >
> > Any ideas??
>
> Algorithmic problem.
>
> First, you need to get all permutations. This is a known algorithm, that
> you'll find examples of on the net. Then for each permutation, list
> possibles 'pair-splits'.
>
> Here's a (probably sub-optimal, but it's getting late here) possible
> implementation in functional style:
>
> def rotate(lst):
>      yield lst
>      max = len(lst)
>      for i in range(1, max):
>          yield lst[i:] + lst[:-(max-i)]
>
> def permute(lst):
>      if len(lst) > 2:
>          for rotated in rotate(lst):
>              head, tail = rotated[0], rotated[1:]
>              for permuted in permute(tail):
>                  yield [head] + permuted
>      elif len(lst) == 2:
>          yield lst
>          yield lst[::-1]
>      else:
>          yield lst
>
> def splits(lst):
>      for i in range(1, len(lst)):
>          yield lst[0:i], lst[i:]
>
> def allsplits(lst):
>      for permuted in permute(lst):
>          for pair in splits(permuted):
>              yield pair
>
> def listsubstrings(thestr):
>      format = lambda pair: (''.join(pair[0]), ''.join(pair[1]))
>      return [format(list(pair)) for pair in allsplits(list(thestr))]
>
>
> print listsubstrings("abcd")
>

thanks Bruno....wanted to avoid permute function but i guess i've no no
option :((...
also there is some double counting in this one (all rules outputted
twice)...i've to find out where...
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>




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This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.


From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 26 15:20:32 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 20:20:32 +0100
Subject: wxpython: Timer object not working, or just me?
In-Reply-To: <lzNxg.2584$No6.51074@news.tufts.edu>
References: <zrLxg.2583$No6.51082@news.tufts.edu>	<mailman.8567.1153927552.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<lzNxg.2584$No6.51074@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <ea8fa0$919$1@sea.gmane.org>

John Salerno wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
> 
>>Integer arithmetic. Try changing the "100" to "100.0" and you'll see it 
>>works flawlessly.
> 
> 
> oh my god, i don't deserve to use python!
> 
> but thanks so much! :)

;-)
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 11:58:00 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 08:58:00 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
Message-ID: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi, I am interested in re-writing my website in Python vs PHP but have
a few questions. Here are my specs, please advise as to which
configuration would be best:

1.Dell Poweredge Server, w/IIS, currently Windows but considering
FreeBSD
2. Site consists of result pages for auctions and items for sale (100
per page)
3. MySQL (Dell Poweredge w/AMD) database server connected to my web
server
4. Traffic, 30 million page loads/month

I am trying to have the fastest page loads, averaging 100 items per
result page.  I have read about using Apache's mod_python so I could
use PSP.  Any help or tips are appreciated.

-Adam



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 05:06:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:06:30 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c48d98$0$31789$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Josiah Manson a ?crit :
>>
>>>I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
>>>a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
>>>after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
>>>that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
>>>doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
>>>variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
>>>nested function doesn't work either.
>>>
>>>But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
>>>of this helper function.
>>>
>>>I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
>>>encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
>>>offending code is below. Thanks.
>>>
>>>def breakLine(s):
>>>	"""Break a string into a list of words and symbols.
>>>	"""
>>>	def addTok():
>>>		if len(tok) > 0:
>>
>>                 if tok:
>>
>>An empty sequence evals to False in a boolean context.
>>
>>
>>>			ls.append(tok)
>>>			tok = ''
>>>
> 
> 
> I can't figure out why Josiah's breakLine function won't work either. I
> know Josiah has had his problem resolved, but I'd still like to know
> why his func won't work. I'd like to redirect this discussion in that
> direction, if I may.
> 
> 
>>First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists
>>in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.

oops - Sorry, said an obvious stupidity here (was very tired, should not
have answered at all...)

> 
> Coming from lisp, that doesn't make very much sense, and I'm not sure
> that's true. If you move the def for addTok bellow the lines that
> initialize the locals of breakLines, you still get the same problem.

of course.

> 
>>Second point: a nested function cannot rebind names from the enclosing
>>namespace. Note that in Python, rebinding a name and modifying the
>>object bound to a name are very distinct operations.
> 
> 
> I'm not sure that's the problem, because when I ran the debugger, the
> problem is with the line that says if len(tok), not the one bellow it
> which says tok = "". 

That's a side-effect of rebinding tok - it makes the name local. Even if
the rebiding is done *after* first use of the name...


> 
>>Third point : functions modifying their environment this way are usually
>>considered bad form.
> 
> 
> Again, this is coming from lisp, but I don't see anything wrong with
> that :P.



> ***
> 
> After some experimentation, I am completely baffeled as to why
> breakLine won't work. Here is an example of one of the things I did,
> which I believe exactly mimics what breakLine does:
> 
>>>>def outer():
> 
> ... 	def inner():
> ... 		if outerLocal:
> ... 			return "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> ... 		else:
> ... 			return "Come again?"
> ... 	outerLocal = "hello world"
> ... 	return inner()
> ...
> 
>>>>outer()
> 
> "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> 
> As I said, I believe the line which sets tok should break (quietly),
> but not the line which tests tok. My experiment seems to confirm
> this...

You did not rebind 'outerLocal' in your above code.

> One thing I can understand is why the line tok = "" in addTok won't
> work. This is because when Python sees that line, it should create a
> new local variable in the scope of addTok.

Yes. But this local name is referenced before assignment.

> Once addTok returns, that
> variable is lost. That's pretty deep, now that I've thought about it...
> 

(snip)

Sorry once again for the obvious stupidity I wrote as first point. Next
time I'll go to bed instead, I promise :(

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ramen at lackingtalent.com  Wed Jul 19 03:22:55 2006
From: ramen at lackingtalent.com (Dave Benjamin)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 02:22:55 -0500
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.63.0607190218280.3036@lackingtalent.com>

On Wed, 18 Jul 2006, Sanjay wrote:

> What is the equivalent in Python? Inheriting is a way, but is not
> working in all scenerios.

Have you tried multiple inheritance? For example:

from GeneratedPerson import GeneratedPerson
from HandcraftedPerson import HandcraftedPerson

class Person(GeneratedPerson, HandcraftedPerson):
     pass

If this doesn't work for you, can you explain why?

Dave


From johnzenger at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 23:45:18 2006
From: johnzenger at gmail.com (johnzenger at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 20:45:18 -0700
Subject: Python framework questions
References: <1152136893.562426.243690@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152157518.271899.164140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

mp wrote:
> Hello, I have a couple general questions.
>
> First, how do most web frameworks serve html? I'm coding in python and
> I want to keep all my html seperate from my python stuff. I can serve
> these html files from a mysql database or just from the file system, do
> people use both these options? Are there other options?

The basic idea of templates is that you write something like:

<h1>{{ HEADLINE }}</h1>
<p>by {{ AUTHOR }}</p>
<p>{{ STORY }}</p>

and the web framework fills in the blanks.  No need to store templates
in a SQL database; they are just files.

>
> Second, is a cgi-bin directory really necessary? Are there security
> issues with configuring Apache to allow cgi-bin execution in other
> directories?

Not only unnecessary but unadvisable.  It's very 1995, quite out of
fashion now. Read Tim Berners-Lee's article on "Cool URIs."  URIs
should just describe content.  They are for the user's benefit, not
yours.  They are not a place to remind yourself where you stored code,
or what language you write in (hello, .php, .asp, .pl, and .py), or how
your web server gateways with your code.



From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Fri Jul 14 02:12:05 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 23:12:05 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
In-Reply-To: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152857525.449336.321940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Pyparsing is also good for recognizing basic HTML tags and their
attributes, regardless of the order of the attributes.

-- Paul

testText = """sldkjflsa;faj

<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

here it would be 'mystylesheet.css'. I used the following regex to get
this value(I dont know if it

I thought I was doing fine until I got stuck by this tag >>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same

tag but with 'href=' part

tags are like these? >>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
-OR-
<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
-OR-
<link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">

"""
from pyparsing import makeHTMLTags,line

linkTag = makeHTMLTags("link")[0]
for toks,s,e in linkTag.scanString(testText):
    print toks.href
    print line(s,testText)
    print

Prints out:

mystylesheet.css
<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

mystylesheet.css
<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same


mystylesheet.css
<link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">

mystylesheet.css
<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

mystylesheet.css
<link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 04:52:56 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 10:52:56 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:

(snip)
>>>which gets me thinking again about
>>>the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
>>>and unexpected in my case,
>>
>>"unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
>>passed as first arg when doing method calls ?
> 
> 
> Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
> motivated me to post.

!-)

Ok, so now you have to read about descriptors, __getattribute__ and
__setattr__.

> 
>>>why not use some more dot-magic to implement
>>>privates?
>>
>>What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
>>restriction ?
> 
> 
> I knew someone would bring this up.

Indeed.

> The motivation would not be to
> provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
> for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
> help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
> side the stuff they should not?
>
> Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> (I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> interactive Python.

...and source code...

> This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
> hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
> when he really shouldn't.

Single leading underscore means "implementation, don't touch or you're
on your own".


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From aisaac0 at verizon.net  Wed Jul 26 11:06:59 2006
From: aisaac0 at verizon.net (David Isaac)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:06:59 GMT
Subject: import from containing folder
Message-ID: <nyLxg.11448$yN3.708@trnddc04>

Suppose I have inherited the structure

PackageFolder/
      __init__.py
      mod1.py
      mod2.py
      SubPackageFolder/
              __init__.py
              mod3.py

and mod3.py should really use a function in mod2.py.
*Prior* to Python 2.5, what is the best way to access that?
(Please assume that "move it" is not the answer.)

Thanks,
Alan Isaac




From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 17:17:00 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 23:17:00 +0200
Subject: Process files in order
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c92b81$0$19013$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Khoa Nguyen a ?crit :
> Hi,
> 
> I have a requirement to process all files in a directory in
> chronological order.

Access time, modification time ? Ascending, descending ?-)

> The os.listdir() function, however, lists the
> files in random order. Is there a similar function in Python that
> allows me to specify the listing order (like ls -t for example)?

Not AFAIK. But os.path.get[acm]time(<filename>) and sorted() may help:

from os.path import getmtime, join, isfile
from os import listdir, getcwd

listfiles = lambda p: filter(isfile, # only list files
                              map(lambda f, p=p : join(p,f),
                                  listdir(p)))

files = listfiles(getcwd())
sortedfiles = map(lambda item: item[1],
                   sorted(zip(map(getmtime, files), files)))


You can apply reversed() to sortedfiles if you want them in reversed order.


HTH


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul  5 01:07:59 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 22:07:59 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <1152075188.705897.296000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <08f901c69ff0$fcb36320$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

do i need to import anything for this.. or is it supposed to work out of the
box..

and just what is it doing!!!!!

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of tac-tics
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:53 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: defining multi dimensional array



bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> basic question..
>
> how do i define a multi dimensional array
>
>  a[10][10]

I find that list comprehensions are useful for this.

[ [None for x in xrange(10)] for y in xrange(10)]

You could easily write a wrapper for it to clean the syntax a bit.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From gdamjan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 18:02:53 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 00:02:53 +0200
Subject: unicode html
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc090d$0$15792$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

> Hi, I've found lots of material on the net about unicode html
> conversions, but still i'm having many problems converting unicode
> characters to html entities. Is there any available function to solve
> this issue?
> As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
> \uc3B4 => &ocirc;

'&#%d;' % ord(u'\u0430')

or

'&#x%x;' % ord(u'\u0430')

> for all available html entities.


-- 
damjan


From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 08:58:52 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 05:58:52 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8010.1152606589.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152568565.170494.159720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8010.1152606589.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> googling for "python restricted execution" might give you some clues.

I've already assumed that there is no rexec for me as i am using python
2.4. Yeah its much more difficult that my imagination. Should I go for
alternatives like
1. Assume every one who is using this webide, wont corrupt system
2. Use some tricks to encrypt the user path and do lots of replacement
on user code and o/p.

or something else?

Best!
iapain



From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  9 12:27:15 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 09:27:15 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02> <e8qvl2$ehp$1@panix3.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1hi7b7o.15q51lk1pd4ad3N%aleax@mac.com>

Aahz <aahz at pythoncraft.com> wrote:

> In article <1152405704.389754 at athnrd02>,
> IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS  <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:
> >
> >I want to learn python.
> >I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> >reading on-line tutorials.
> >I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> >programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> >should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> >Any recommendations?
> 
> If you're willing to wait 1.5 months, _Python for Dummies_ will be the
> first book that really covers Python 2.5.  (Alex's _Python in a Nutshell_
> does cover some of Python 2.5, but there were a fair number of late
> changes that came after he needed to turn it in, most notably the
> inclusion of sqlite3.  It's also not a beginner book.)

I confirm on both scores: the Nutshell is not meant for beginners to
programming (it _may_ be used by experienced programmers whose
experience comes from other languages, but it may be a stretch even for
them, depending on what "other languages" are exactly); and, the new 2nd
edition of the Nutshell does not cover well the big additions to Python
2.5's standard library (ctypes and etree, as well as sqlite) -- it
barely _mentions_ them as late-breaking developments, with pointers to
online docs.  Stef's and Aahz's "for Dummies" will be a good book for
beginners (many people have prejudices against the whole "for Dummies"
series, perhaps exactly because of their titles!, but, really, there ARE
many good books in that series, if you can just accept the titles as
well-natured, innocuous humor!) -- I only looked at a subset of its
chapters, so I don't know in particular how well it teaches sqlite,
ctypes and etree, but the materials I _did_ look at were excellent.


Alex


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 00:55:05 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:55:05 -0700
Subject: list problem
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888884.542416.253740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153889705.874881.242140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > placid wrote:
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> > > example
> > >
> > > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
> > >
> > > the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> > > so lets say the second list contains the following
> > >
> > > >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
> > >
> > > and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> > > available,
> > > i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> > > should only print XXX4 then return.
> > >
> > > for i in xrange(1,10):
> > >     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
> > >     str = "XXX" + numpart
> > >
> > >       for list1_elm in list1:
> > >           if list1_elm == str:
> > >                break
> > >           else:
> > >                for list2_elm in list2:
> > >                    if list2_elm == str:
> > >                       break
> > >                    else:
> > >                       print str
> > >                       return
> > >
> > > Cheer
> >
> > Well first off, don't use 'str' for a variable name.
> >
> > Second, "%04i" % i creates a string, don't call str() on it.
> >
> > Third, str(1) will always be "1" so just add that to your format string
> > already "1%04i" % i
> >
>
> thanks for the tips
>
> > (And if the "XXX" part is also constant then add that too: "XXX1%04i" %
> > i)
> >
> > Finally, you can say:
> >
> > for i in xrange(1,10):
> >     s = "XXX1%04i" % i
> >     if s not in list1 and s not in list2:
> >         print s
> >
>
> But there may be other characters before XXX (which XXX is constant). A
> better example would be, that string s is like a file name and the
> characters before it are the absolute path, where the strings in the
> first list can have a different absolute path then the second list
> entries. But the filenames are always exact. So you need to split the
> entries bases on "\\" (windows machine) and match on this ?
>
>
> Cheers

hmm, a slightly different problem than your OP.

Yeah, I would build a new list (or set) from the contents of BOTH lists
with the prefixes stripped off and test your target string against
that.  You might also be able to do something with the endswith()
method of strings.

test = set(n[3:] for n in list1) + set(n[3:] for n in list2)

if s not in test: print s


It's late though, so I may be being stupid.  ;-)

Peace,
~Simon



From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:25:26 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:25:26 -0700
Subject: No error while sending via TCP Socket
In-Reply-To: <12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com>
References: <e82a11$4aa$1@online.de><12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-06-30, Martin B?rkle <buerklma at web.de> wrote:
>
> > I have writen a programm using TCP sockets. After i get the
> > connection to another socket I cut the Ethernet cable. Then I
> > send a message. The program doesnt raise any exception. Can
> > somebody tell me why
>
> Because send() has successfully passed the packet to the
> network stack.  If you want to know whether the application on
> the other end received it, you need an application-layer
> protocol that acknowleges the data.
>
> > and give me a hint how to get an exception
>
> You can't -- unless you've enabled the keepalive option on the
> TCP connection and you've waited the requisite time after the
> cable is cut before sending your data (IIRC it takes a couple
> hours for an idle TCP connection to time out because of a link
> being down).
>
> TCP/IP is designed to be fault-tolerant.  Temporary breaks in
> cables aren't supposed to cause failures.

But surely a permanent break - which is what I believe was implied -
means the data never arrives, which in turn means you never get an ack,
and eventually the TCP connection should drop, and Python should raise
an exception. Right? I'm very used to connections dropping after much
less than a minute because the host became unreachable or took too long
to send a response.

(Sorry for the large quote but all the context seemed relevant.)

-- 
Ben Sizer



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul 15 11:24:43 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 15:24:43 GMT
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hih62g.1nyijgmfr2v6wN%rhymes@myself.com>
	<slrnebfl2b.kbb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1hihdet.1t0brs617qzog0N%rhymes@myself.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebi25r.njb.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-14, Lawrence Oluyede <rhymes at myself.com> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
>
>> I have a tree class, a tree acts like a dictionary, but when you
>> iterate over it, it always iterates over the keys in order. This
>> makes it usefull to iterate over a slice. So it would be usefull
>> if methods like keys, values and items could take a slice as
>> an argument and use the same notation for it. Something like
>> 
>>   for k, v in t.items('a':'b'):
>> 
>> Which would iterate over all items where the key starts with
>> an 'a'. 
>
> I keep thinking that means changing the meaning of "slice"

Why? This doesn't need any new functionality of slice. I already
can have this behaviour, but just would have to write it as follows:

   for k, v in t.items(slice('a','b')):

This is just a question of literal slice notation. Do we
limit the notation of a:b to indexing and for the slice(a,b)
notation everywhere else or do we allow the a:b notation for
a slice in other places where it seems usefull.

>> > -1. First: you have to introduce new syntax for an old thing.
>> 
>> That syntax already exists, it just is only available as an
>> index.
>
> Slicing and indexing is inside square brackets. (start:stop) seems
> confusing to me.

The notation is just start:stop the parenthesis will in practice
be added often to avoid disambiguities, like with the compound
statements when the colon is also used to start a suite, a bit
like tuples where parenthesis are often added too, although
they are not really needed to form a tuple literal.

> And I seriously doubt that Guido or someone on his
> behalf will go through introducing another syntax for something that can
> be already done in one way. I came to Python because of it's clean
> syntax and I've always tought "one good way to do one thing" is better
> than Perlish style. That's why I don't like powering up slice objects to
> do that.

My proposal will make the python syntax cleaner. Now you have
slices in python. The general way to have a slice is:

  slice(start, stop, step)

But in one particular place, when used as an index you are allowed
to write that slice as:

  start:stop:step

lst[start:stop:step] is just another way of writing lst[slice(start,stop,step)]

In my opionion that is not very clean. The first part of my proposal
entail no powering up whatsoever. It is just a proposal to make
the syntax of python more clean, so that the start:stop:step notation
for a literal slice is available everywhere, where a literal can
occur, instead of only in one particular place.

>> Need is such a strong word. In the end we don't need python, but
>> it seems very usefull to have it around. I understand that should this
>> be introduced it could make people uneasy, but I also think it
>> could be very usefull.
>
> I'm not the person in charge to make decisions about Python syntax,
> power and limitations but I really don't see a useful use case to have a
> slice++. Even decorators (that few people really understand) have a lot
> of use cases more than slice++

You should look at my points as different proposals. I think each
proposal is usefull in its own way. Allow the priveleged synax
for indexing anywhere is usefull even if nothing else is accepted.
Allowing slice to be subclassed is usefull even of nothing else is
accepted.  It is not a package deal that is to be accpeted or rejected
as a whole.

>> Because it would have made things a lot of easier for me in
>> a number of cases. I have a table class that is like a
>> list but can start at any index, it sure would have been
>> easier to write with some of the possibilities above. I
>> though to just write my own slice class, but slice is not
>> subclassable, and when I just wrote my own from scratch,
>> with a start, stop and step attribute I got an error that
>> it wasn't an integer so couldn't be used as an index.
>> So much for duck taping.
>
> I understand. So maybe asking for subclassable slices is better :-)

Well that was one of the things I proposed.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Thu Jul 27 14:16:03 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:16:03 -0500
Subject: import question on wx ?
References: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154019397.153772.99540@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980DC48A833C6rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

 wrote in news:1154019397.153772.99540 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com in 
comp.lang.python:

> 
> I think what you say makes perfect sense
> 
> I am using 2.4.2 python (I typed pthon -V on console to get)
> 
> How can I find what my SPE editor is using ?
> 

Wherever you can run python you can find the version by running
the following bit of python

import sys
print sys.version

For example I currently get:

running: python ...\test-1.py
2.4.1 (#65, Mar 30 2005, 09:13:57) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]

from my homebrew (wxPython) editor.

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 21:50:55 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 18:50:55 -0700
Subject: Non-ASCII languages
In-Reply-To: <1f7ea2h8b95lds3i6hb26lqccq9d5vnl0j@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<44a6bacf$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1f7ea2h8b95lds3i6hb26lqccq9d5vnl0j@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44a7213e$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Tim Roberts wrote:
> It surprises many people to learn that virtually everything we
> think of as modern and interesting in computer science was first explored
> in the 1960s and early 1970s.  GUIs, color, 3D, structured progamming,
> networking, interpreters, Unix; the list goes on and on.  It was probably
> the most exciting time in the history of computers.

Here I think you're wrong, my vote is the 1940s:
     First time for tons of stuff, fate of the world hangs in the
balance, no idea if some of this is going to work, ....
Essentially all the crypto push with top secret machines decoding
German traffic, and the desperate attempt to crack the Japanese
Purple system.  I expect the efforts at Bletchley Park, Princeton,
numerous unnamed locations, and even Germany and Japan were pulse-
pounding.  In the sixties and seventies we were just having immense
fun making things go, at least by comparison.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 07:34:29 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:34:29 +0200
Subject: request for advice - possible ElementTree nexus
In-Reply-To: <1152046684.935112.28010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152046684.935112.28010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8g840$irq$2@sea.gmane.org>

mirandacascade at yahoo.com wrote:

> c) If I want to leave the xmlns information in the string that gets fed
> to ElementTree.XML, and I want to remove the {whatever} from the tag
> before building the data structure, what is the best way to find
> {whatever} from the tag property...is this another case where one
> should be using regular expressions?

if the "whatever" in {whatever} is known in advance, you can use the 
approach described here:

     http://effbot.org/zone/element-tidylib.htm#converting-xhtml-to-html

if the "whatever" is not known, you can do e.g.

     if elem.tag.startswith("{"):
         elem.tag = elem.tag.split("}")[1]

</F>



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 05:36:19 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 10:36:19 +0100
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <e9ni3e$eq4$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
	<e9ni3e$eq4$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <e9niqv$65k$1@sea.gmane.org>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In message <12blgl1t9egsqb8 at corp.supernews.com>, Grant Edwards wrote:
> 
> 
>>If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
>>socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
>>socket will raise an exception.
> 
> 
> Would that still apply when trying to send an empty string?

Yes: sending an empty string demands no action on the server's part, as 
the receiver has already received it ... adding an empty string to 
whatever the sender currently has buffered does not require any state 
change on the sender's part.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 03:05:49 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:05:49 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055955.062530.158590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154070349.375519.109190@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > Chaos wrote:
> > > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> > >
> > >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> > >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> > >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> > >
> > > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> > >
> > > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> > >
> > > I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> > > compiling my files.
> >
> > You could try the PIL package.
> >
> > >From the docs at
> > http://www.pythonware.com/library/pil/handbook/image.htm
> >
> > Image.eval(function, image) => image
> >
> > Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel in
> > the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same function
> > is applied to each band. Note that the function is evaluated once for
> > each possible pixel value, so you cannot use random components or other
> > generators.
> >
> > HTH,
> > ~Simon
>
> I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no
> success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only
> called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255.

It says "the function is evaluated once for each possible pixel value",
so if it's only calling the function 250 or 255 times it's because your
image only has 250 or 255 colors.

Obviously Image.eval() caches the results of your function for each
color/pixel-value and reuses them rather than recomputing them.

I take it that whatever you're doing to those pixels involves more
information than just the pixel values?  What are you doing to the
pixels? That's probably wher you should look to improve the speed of
the loop.

Peace,
~Simon



From beiwang2003 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:52:14 2006
From: beiwang2003 at gmail.com (bei)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:52:14 -0700
Subject: help: output arrays into file as column
In-Reply-To: <1154024292.159495.201230@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154024292.159495.201230@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154026334.705131.90360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,Simon,

Thanks for your reply.It's very helpful :)
But I am sorry for my given example.Actually, my data in the arrays are
all float point datas.And I use integer in the example.The code is like
this.
("x,v,...,h" are floating point number arrays)

pos=str(x)
vel=str(v)
ene=str(u)
den=str(rho)
pre=str(P)
hms=str(h)
datas=zip(pos,vel,ene,den,pre,hms)
filename="data.dat"
file=open(filename,"w")
for datum in datas:
  print >>file, ' '.join(datum)
file.close()


However, the result seperate each point in floating number , but not
regard them as a whole. It's like this :


[ [ [ [ [ [
- 0 1 1 1 0
0 . . . . .
. 0 4 0 0 0
5 , 9 , , 0
9   9     3
9 0 9 1 1 7
9 . 9 . . 6
9 0 9 0 0 8
9 , 9 , , 7
9   9     5
9 0 9 1 1 ,
9 . 9 . .
9 0 9 0 0 0
9 , 9 , , .
9   9     0
9 0 9 1 1 0
9 . 9 . . 3
9 0 8 0 0 7
9 , , , , 6
8         8
, 0 1 1 1 7
  . . . . 5
- 0 4 0 0 ,
0 , 9 , ,
.   9     0
5 0 9 1 1 .
9 . 9 . . 0
6 0 9 0 0 0
9 , 9 , , 3
9   9     7
2 0 9 1 1 6
4 . 9 . . 8
8 0 9 0 0 7
1 , 9 , , 5
2   9     ,
0 0 9 1 1
3 . 9 . . 0
0 0 8 0 0 .
0 , , , , 0
7         0
5 0 1 1 1 3
2 . . . . 7
, 0 4 0 0 6
  , 9 , , 8
-   9     7
0 0 9 1 1 5
. . 9 . . ,
5 0 9 0 0
9 , 9 , , 0
3   9     .
9 0 9 1 1 0
8 . 9 . . 0
4 0 9 0 0 3
9 , 9 , , 7
6   9     6
2 0 9 1 1 8
4 . 9 . . 7
0 0 8 0 0 5
6 , , , , ,
0
1 0 1 1 1 0
5 . . . . .
0 0 4 0 0 0
6 , 9 , , 0
,   9     3
  0 9 1 1 7
- . 9 . . 6
0 0 9 0 0 8
. , 9 , , 7
5   9     5
9 0 9 1 1 ,
0 . 9 . .
9 0 9 0 0 0
7 , 9 , , .
7   9     0
4 0 9 1 1 0
4 . 9 . . 3
3 0 8 0 0 7
6 , , , , 6
0         8
9 0 1 1 1 7
0 . . . . 5
2 0 4 0 0 ,
2 , 9 , ,
4   9     0
9 0 9 1 1 .
, . 9 . . 0
  0 9 0 0 0
.....

Do you have a way to work this out? Thank you very much, And sorry
again for my incorrect example.

Bei




Simon Forman wrote:
> bei wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I am trying to write several arrays into one file, with one arrays in
> > one column. Each array (column) is seperated by space.
> > ie. a=[1,2,3, 4] b=[5,6,7,8] c=[9,10,11,12]
> > 1  5  9
> > 2  6  10
> > 3  7  11
> > 4  8  12
> >
> > Now I use the function file.writelines(a), file.writelines(b),
> > file.writelines(c). And the output is a sequence of strings without
> > newlines between a, b ,c . Also each array stays in row other than
> > column.
> >
> > I am a new comer to python.Any idea about this is appreciated!
> >
> > Bei
>
> Hi Bei,
>
> file.writelines() works with lists of strings, not lists of numbers, so
> I'm going to assume that a, b, and c are already lists of strings..
>
> You can use the zip() function to change the lists in the way you want
> to:
>
> |>> a=['1','2','3','4']; b=['5','6','7','8']; c=['9','10','11','12']
> |>> zip(a, b, c)
> [('1', '5', '9'), ('2', '6', '10'), ('3', '7', '11'), ('4', '8', '12')]
>
> now that you have the data for each line, you can combine them with the
> string join() method:
>
> |>> data = zip(a, b, c)
> |>> for datum in data:
> ...     print ' '.join(datum)
> ...
> 1 5 9
> 2 6 10
> 3 7 11
> 4 8 12
>
> You can print to an open file object, so the above loop will do what
> you need:
>
> |>> f = open('output.txt', 'w')
> |>> for datum in data:
> ...     print >> f, ' '.join(datum)
> ...
> |>> f.close()
> |>> print open('output.txt').read()
> 1 5 9
> 2 6 10
> 3 7 11
> 4 8 12
> 
> 
> I hope that helps!
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon



From james at disorderfeed.net  Tue Jul  4 21:10:26 2006
From: james at disorderfeed.net (James Mitchelhill)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 02:10:26 +0100
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
References: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1hhymeu.1eq6sdi1gwb9cpN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1phrcluj5f0ju$.1j483d5qj7yqk$.dlg@40tude.net>

On Tue, 4 Jul 2006 16:53:27 -0700, Alex Martelli wrote:

> James Mitchelhill <james at disorderfeed.net> wrote:
<snip>
>> I'm trying to write a class that analyses some data. I only want it to
>> do as much work as necessary, so it saves method results to a
>> dictionary
<snip>

> For your needs, I would suggest first defining your class "normally"
> (writing the methods without memoization) and then looping on all
> methods of interest decorating them with automatic memoization; I just
> suggested a similar kind of looping for decoration purposes in my very
> latest post on another thread;-).  You won't use the _syntax_ of
> decorators, but, hey, who cares?-)
> 
> Assuming (for simplicity but with no real loss of conceptual generality)
> that all of your heavy-processing methods have names starting with 'do',
> and that each of them takes only 'self' as its argument, you could for
> example do something like:

Thanks, that's awesome! Definitely not something I'd have ever been able
to work out myself - I think I need to learn more about nested functions
and introspection.

> def memoizeMethod(cls, n, m):
>   def decorated(self):
>     if n in self._memo: return self._memo[n]
>     result = self._memo[n] = m(self)
>     return result
>   decorated.__name__ = n
>   setattr(cls, n, decorated)  
>     
> def memoizeClass(cls):
>   cls._memo = {}
>   for n,m in inspect.getmembers(cls, inspect.ismethod):
>     if not n.startswith('do'): continue
>     memoizeMethod(cls, n, m)

(I've changed inspect.ismethoddescriptors to inspect.ismethod and
unindented the last line.)
 
> Now just write your MyClass with the doThis doThat methods you want, and
> right after the class statement add
> 
> memoizeClass(MyClass)
> 
> 
> Voila, that's it (untested details, but the general idea is sound;-).

Thanks again.

-- 
James Mitchelhill
james at disorderfeed.net
http://disorderfeed.net


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 22:24:39 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 19:24:39 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153774861.991891.325570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153778084.307580.192950@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e84gp3-i4e.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <1153794279.403708.55840@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Cameron Laird wrote:
...
> Particularly when I hear "os-independent", I think first of
> binding to a socket.  While <URL: http://wiki.tcl.tk/1558 >
> is written for a Tcl-based crowd, the commentary there ap-
> plies quite well to Python.

I was going to suggest something like this, as I have noticed that IDLE
seems to do exactly this, and on windows and linux, but I was afraid to
look the fool if it was indeed foolish. (and also, I didn't know
details of it.)

Thanks Cameron.

Peace,
~Simon



From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 08:04:38 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 05:04:38 -0700
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7854.1152187209.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7854.1152187209.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152187477.861072.33800@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I know I can do it this way. I wanted to know if there was another way.

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> "manstey" <manstey at csu.edu.au> wrote:
>
> > but I can't find an equivalent code for:
> >
> > a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
> > tup=('x','yy','asd')
> > if tup in a:
> >   < ...>
> >
> > I can only do:
> >
> > if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
> >   <...>
> >
> > but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.
> >
> > Is there a way around this?
>
> is the "def" statement broken in your Python version ?
>
>     def findany(text, words):
>         for w in words:
>             if w in text:
>                 return True
>         return False
> 
>     if findany(a, tup):
>         ...
> 
> </F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 12:59:49 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 09:59:49 -0700
Subject: Identifying apparently unused globals
References: <mailman.8027.1152630532.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152637189.419605.39120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

skip at pobox.com wrote:
> At work we have a fairly large application (about 20 packages, 300+ modules)
> that looks like we might be heading into a bit of a plateau stage.  Now
> seems like a good time to identify and delete old, unused code that's flown
> under the radar screen for awhile simply because nobody was looking for it.
> Trouble is, most of that unused code consists of module-level classes,
> functions and variables, so it's hard to distinguish mechanically from code
> that *is* used.  Is there a tool out there that will slurp in a number of
> packages, identify all the global names then remove those that it determines
> are referenced?  (Yes, I know it's impossible to do this in general.  We
> have one very restricted exec statement and no eval() calls, so I'm not too
> worried about that sort of obfuscation.)
>
> Thx,
>
> Skip

I haven't used it myself, but pychecker
(http://pychecker.sourceforge.net/) is supposed to be able to perform
such stunts.  From the page: "Types of problems that can be found
include: Unused globals and locals (module or variable)"

HTH,
~Simon



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 21 08:14:27 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:14:27 GMT
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-20, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> Alex Martelli wrote:
>> Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
>> >
>> > Well, range is a function in the current implementation, although its
>> > usage is similar to that one would get if it were a class, particularly
>> > a subclass of list or one providing a list-style interface. With such a
>> > class, you could provide a __contains__ method which could answer the
>> > question of what the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed
>> > by a range (in contrast to a normal list).
>>
>> You'd also have to override just about every mutating method to switch
>> back to a "normal" __contains__ (or change self's type on the fly) -- a
>> pretty heavy price to pay.
>
> A subclass of list is probably a bad idea in hindsight, due to various
> probable requirements of it actually needing to be a list with all its
> contents, whereas we wanted to avoid having anything like a list around
> until the contents of this "lazy list" were required by the program. If
> we really wanted to subclass something, we could consider subclassing
> the slice class/type, but that isn't subclassable in today's Python for
> some reason, and it doesn't really provide anything substantial,
> anyway. However, Python being the language it is, an appropriately
> behaving class is quite easily written from scratch.

Except that if you write your own class from scratch, you can't use
it as a slice. For a language that is supposed to be about duck typing
I find it strange that if I make my own class with a start, stop and
step attribute, that python barfs on it when I want to use it as a
slice.

>>> class sl(object):
...   def __init__(self, start = None, stop = None, step = None):
...     self.start = start
...     self.stop = stop
...     self.step = step
... 
>>> lst = range(20)
>>> s1 = slice(3,13)
>>> s2 = sl(3,13)
>>> s1.start
3
>>> s2.start
3
>>> s1.stop
13
>>> s2.stop
13
>>> s1.step
>>> s2.step
>>> lst[s1]
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
>>> lst[s2]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: list indices must be integers
>>> 

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net  Fri Jul 14 06:00:27 2006
From: jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net (Jeremy Sanders)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:00:27 +0100
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>	<e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>	<mailman.8139.1152812835.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e97n8s$cnh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8159.1152869039.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e97pvr$hu7$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> no, the "bar.py" *file* gets loaded twice, first as the "foo.bar"
> module, and then as the "bar" module.

True and I agree with your email, but suppose there is bar1.py and bar2.py
in foo, then they can refer to each other by importing bar2 and bar1,
respectively. These module objects will be the same modules that test.py
would get by importing foo.bar1 and foo.bar2.

By analogy you might expect the path munging example to work, but the
details are in the nitty-gritty of how python importing works. The import
docs say something like "Details of the module searching and loading
process are implementation and platform specific". The results can be a
little suprising! It would be include a check so that you could get a
warning with debugging switched on.

-- 
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/


From http  Sat Jul 29 05:59:24 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 02:59:24 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8655.1154092222.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xvephg7yq.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8693.1154164578.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xac6sk9z7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
> That is cool, I was not aware of this - added to a long running server it will
> help to make the system more stable - a hardware solution to hard to find bugs
> in Software - (or even stuff like soft errors in hardware - speak to the
> Avionics boys about Neutrons) do you know who sells them and what they are
> called? -

I usually try froogle.com to find stuff like that.


From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Tue Jul 18 06:44:29 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 12:44:29 +0200
Subject: How to use ParseTuple with unknown number of args?
In-Reply-To: <1153217158.079548.164130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153214963.322746.28940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153217158.079548.164130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9ie2d$n6n$1@news.sap-ag.de>

ondekoza wrote:
> The earlier posts generally highlight some specific feature of calling
> with arrays. Can someone point me to a piece of software, where sth.
> like this is actually used?

Python source/Objects/stringobject.c string_join would be an example if 
you only allow a list or tuple.

Python/bltinmodule.c min_max demonstrates how to allow either a sequence 
or a variable number of arguments.

Modules/itertools.c has probably lots of examples on how to work with 
iterators at the C API level.

Daniel



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 09:54:34 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:54:34 +0100
Subject: _mssql on Python 2.5 Beta 2
In-Reply-To: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2jem$jc7$1@sea.gmane.org>

mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com wrote:
> I'm trying to use the _mssql module from
> http://pymssql.sourceforge.net/.  It works fine on Python 2.4.  I've
> just installed Python 2.5 Beta 2 on my Linux box and, whenever I try
> and run the mssql.close() function, or close the program, I get the
> following message:
> 
[...]

You aren't using the same library you used with 2.4, by any chance? 
Compiled extensions are specific to a particular major version of 
Python, so (for example) 2.3 extension modules won't run under 2.4. 
Though normally, IIRC, that would give you problems on import, so this 
may be no help at all (in which case, sorry!)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 20:03:58 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 17:03:58 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
In-Reply-To: <1153781631.376605.208850@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153748542.337657.48640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153781631.376605.208850@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153785838.204597.58480@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> koara wrote:
> > John Machin wrote:
> There is a bug.
> I'll report it.

Reported.
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1528074&group_id=5470&atid=105470



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sat Jul  1 16:39:10 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 06:39:10 +1000
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>

On 2/07/2006 5:02 AM, Christoph Haas wrote:
> Hi...
> 
> I encountered a problem that - according to my google search - other
> people have found, too. Example code:
> 
> import sys
> for line in sys.stdin:
>    print line
> 
> Running this code in Python 2.3 or 2.4 has the problem that I need to
> send two EOFs (Ctrl-D) to break out of that loop.
> 
> Use case is a piped Python script that I run as a "CustomLog" pipe for
> an Apache web server. I want to run all the log output through that pipe
> but haven't had much luck. First it takes ages until the script
> processes the input (even though I ran Python with "-u" to make it
> unbuffered)

Which "it" did you expect to make unbuffered? -u unbuffers sys.stdout 
and sys.stderr (and makes them binary, which wouldn't be a good idea on 
a Windows box). If you are concerned that output shows up in real time, 
use sys.stdXXX.flush().

> and then the script needs one EOF to do something with the
> input and a second EOF to break out of the loop.
> 
> Is this a bug? I'm close to write a Perl script for this case. :(

I can reproduce your problem on Windows with Python 2.4.2 (note ^Z is 
EOF for Windows):

|>> import sys
|>> for line in sys.stdin:
...     print >> sys.stderr, "->", repr(line)
...
line1
line2
line3
^Z
-> 'line1\n'
-> 'line2\n'
-> 'line3\n'
^Z
|>>

However this worked for me :

|>> import sys
|>> while 1:
...     line = sys.stdin.readline()
...     if not line: break
...     print >> sys.stderr, "->", repr(line)
...
line1
-> 'line1\n'
line2
-> 'line2\n'
^Z
|>>

The Library Reference Manual, section 2.3.9 (File Objects) says:
"""
Files support the iterator protocol. Each iteration returns the same 
result as file.readline(), and iteration ends when the readline() method 
returns an empty string.
"""

So yes, looks like a bug to me, but perhaps you don't need use Perl :-)

HTH,
John


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 11 13:17:07 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:17:07 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44B3DD13.4090606@mvista.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Ant enlightened us with:
>   
>>     try:
>>         assertion = callable.is_assertion
>>     except:
>>         pass
>>     
>
> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
> be thrown. Catching everything generally is a bad idea. In this case,
> my bet is that catching AttributeError is enough.
>
>   
What about doing exception kind of like a C switch statement with a 
default case:

try:
  do_something()
except TypeError:
  fix_something()
except:
  print "Unknown error, you are doomed"
  traceback.print_exc()  #something to print the traceback
  exit_gracefully()

Is this frowned upon?  You still handle the error and you know where it 
happened and what happened.  Anything wrong with this?  I don't like the 
idea of my system crashing for any reason.

-carl


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From gert365 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 15:25:54 2006
From: gert365 at yahoo.com (gert365 at yahoo.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:25:54 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
In-Reply-To: <tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <1153855554.074578.257240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Cameron Laird wrote:
> In article <1153514279.392848.143930 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
> draghuram at gmail.com <draghuram at gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> >In that case, the OP can probably use cygwin's version of python.
> >pexpect definitely works there.
> 			.
> 			.
> 			.
> I suspect there are easier approaches--but probably won't have time
> before Monday to explain.  For now, I counsel the original poster
> not to be discouraged.

If you happen to have time to explain the possible approaches, it would
help me tremendously.  Thanks.



From http  Tue Jul 18 01:40:13 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:40:13 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xpsg34gjm.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> writes:
> What if you called the function like this:
> 
>     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)
> 
> Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
> finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
> subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
> throw an exception.

You've got a function written to take a list arg and are passing it
something other than a list.  Why do you expect it to work?
As soon as the function uses lst[3] for something, it will crash
if you pass it a sequence like that.  Your example is mainly an
argument for static type checking.


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Wed Jul  5 11:32:40 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 17:32:40 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> On 2006-07-05, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
>>> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>> (snip)
>>>> Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
>>>> works,
>>> 
>>> I'm not sure of this.

>AP> Should I care about that?

Yes, because as long as you don't understand it, you are in for unpleasant
surprises. 

>>> It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
>>> between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.

>AP> The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
>AP> rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
>AP> side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
>AP> local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
>AP> if will also search the outerscopes for the name.

No. It will always use the same search order. But a variable that is bound
inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
the local namespace. A variable that is not assigned to inside the function
is not in the local namespace. An assignment to A[i] is not rebinding A, so
it doesn't count to make the variable A local.

>AP> Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword, to allow
>AP> rebinding a name in an intermediate scope. It is not that big a deal
>AP> that it hasn't, but I keep finding the result strange and somewhat
>AP> counterintuitive.

Maybe it would have been nice if variables could have been declared as
nested, but I think it shows that nested variables have to be used with
care, similar to globals. Especially not allowing rebinding in intermediate
scopes is a sound principle (`Nested variables considered harmful').
If you need to modify the objects which are bound to names in intermediate
scopes, use methods and give these objects as parameters.

>AP> Let me explain why:

>AP> Suppose someone is rather new of python and writes the following
>AP> code, manipulating vectors:

>AP>   A = 10 * [0]
>AP>   def f(B):
>AP>     ...
>AP>     for i in xrange(10):
>AP>       A[i] += B[i]
>AP>     ...

>AP> Then he hears about the vector and matrix modules that are around.
>AP> So he rewrites his code naively as follows:

>AP>   A = NullVector(10):
>AP>   def f(B):
>AP>     ...
>AP>     A += B
>AP>     ...

>AP> And it won't work. IMO the principle of least surprise here would
>AP> be that it should work.

Well, A = f(B) introduces a local variable A. Therefore also  A = A+B.
And therefore also A += B.

The only way to have no surprises at all would be if local variables would
have to be declared explicitly, like 'local A'. But that would break
existing code. Or maybe the composite assignment operators should have been
exempted. Too late now!

You have the same problem with:

    A = [10]
    def inner():
        A.append(2)

works but 

    A = [10]
    def inner():
        A += [2]

doesn't. The nasty thing in this example is that although A += [2] looks
like a rebinding syntactically, semantically there is no rebinding done.

I think the cleaner solution is (use parameters and don't rebind):
    def inner(A):
        A.append(2)

-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 05:55:48 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 11:55:48 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8682.1154125949.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154137412.157812.311670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.09.55.47.726193@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list at python.org>, Rob Sinclar
wrote:

> Synaptic is using aptitude as back-end (this is serious).

Why can I deinstall aptitude without deinstalling synaptic then!?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From tim.peters at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 00:32:08 2006
From: tim.peters at gmail.com (Tim Peters)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 00:32:08 -0400
Subject: how to stop python...
In-Reply-To: <037001c69e58$f9c9cb20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <037001c69e58$f9c9cb20$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <1f7befae0607022132g5e095597gfd05d82563840cee@mail.gmail.com>

[bruce]
> perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything similar. how can a
> python app be stopped?
>
> the docs refer to a sys.stop.

Python docs?  Doubt it ;-)

> but i can't find anything else... am i missing something...

>>> import sys
>>> print sys.exit.__doc__
exit([status])

Exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit(status).
If the status is omitted or None, it defaults to zero (i.e., success).
If the status is numeric, it will be used as the system exit status.
If it is another kind of object, it will be printed and the system
exit status will be one (i.e., failure).



Of course there's nothing to stop you from catching SystemExit either
-- it's just another exception, but one that happens to shut down the
interpreter in the specified way if it isn't caught & handled.


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul 23 04:17:26 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 01:17:26 -0700
Subject: Type signature
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153642646.273678.206890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Yacao Wang wrote:
> Hi, I'm a newbie to Python. I've recently read some books about this
> language and none of them have answered my question.
> As a dynamically-typed language Python doesn't need any form of type
> signature which makes the syntax very clean and concise. However, type
> signatures are not only a kind of information provided for the compiler, but
> also for the programmer, or more important, for the programmer. Without it,
> we have to "infer" the return type or required agument types of a function,
> and this can't be done without seeing the implementation of it, and
> sometimes it is still difficult to extract the above information even if the
> implementation is available. Haskell can also determine type information
> dynamically, but it still supports and recommends the programming style with
> type signatures, which makes the code very readable and maitainable. As I
> understand, Python relies too much on run-time type-checking, that is,
> whenever you give the wrong type, you just end up with an exception, which
> is logically correct, but not that useful as type signatures.
> Any ideas on this issue?
>
> --
> Alex
>
Hi Yacao/Alex,
Try these:
  "How to duck type? - the psychology of static typing in Ruby"
   http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-talk/100511
  "3-31-04 I'm Over It"

http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:6XW473VSflcJ:www.mindview.net/WebLog/log-0053+%2B%22duck+typing%22+%2B+%22static+typing%22+%2Bpython&hl=en&gl=uk&ct=clnk&cd=3&client=firefox-a

It seems that the latent or duck typing, used in dynamic languages is
counter-intuitve to  those from a static typing background.
Nevertheless, it does work, and work well.
- Paddy.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 18:20:49 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 15:20:49 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
In-Reply-To: <1153680528.213530.145620@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153680528.213530.145620@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153693249.224388.288580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

clarkcb at gmail.com wrote:
> Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com wrote:
> > I tried to encode the different variables in many different encodings
> > (latin1), but I always get an exception. Where does this ascii codec
> > error comes from? How can I simply build this query string?
>
> Raphael,
>
> The 'ascii' encoding is set in the python library file site.py
> (/usr/lib/python2.4/site.py on my gentoo machine) as the system default
> encoding for python. The solution I used to the problem you're
> describing was to create a sitecustomize.py file and redefine the
> encoding as 'utf-8'.

Here is the word from on high (effbot, April 2006):
"""
(you're not supposed to change the default encoding. don't
do that; it'll only cause problems in the long run).
"""

That exception is a wake-up call -- it means "you don't have a clue how
your 8-bit strings are encoded". You are intended to obtain a clue
(case by case), and specify the encoding explicitly (case by case).
Sure the current app might dump utf_8 on you. What happens if the next
app dumps latin1 or cp1251 or big5 on you?

> This gets you halfway there. Beyond that you need to "stringify" the
> (potentially Unicode) strings during concatenation, e.g.:
>
> self.dbCursor.execute("""INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
> idalbum, path)
>                          VALUES ('%s', %s, %s, %s, '%s')""" % \
>                          (str(track), nbr, idartist, idalbum, path))
>
> (Assuming that track is the offending string.) I'm not exactly sure why
> this explicit conversion is necessary, as it is supposed to happen
> automatically, but I get the same UnicodeDecodeError error without it.

Perhaps if you were to supply info like which DBMS, type of the
offending column in the DB, Python type of the value that *appears* to
need stringification, ... we could help you too.

Cheers,
John



From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 00:52:10 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 21:52:10 -0700
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
In-Reply-To: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
Message-ID: <1153284730.469989.18360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Michael J. Fromberger ha scritto:

> Consider the following class hierarchy in Python:
> <snip>

> Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked
> (**) above?
>
> Curious,
> -M
>
> --
> Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
> http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA

Look at
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro


             Michele Simionato



From elmo13 at jippii.fi  Sat Jul 15 17:44:00 2006
From: elmo13 at jippii.fi (=?iso-8859-1?q?Elmo_M=E4ntynen?=)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 00:44:00 +0300
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>

On Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:28:21 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Elmo M?ntynen enlightened us with:
>> Is there something better than using fnctl? It seems a bit
>> intimidating with a quick look.
> 
> Locking files is a complex business. What do you want to lock? Why?
> Lock it with respect to what? It's easier to lock a file for local
> use, compared to when the file also has to be locked from, say, use
> via the network.
> 
> Sybren

Only locally. I want to be able to read/write to a single file from
multiple possibly parallel processes. Would 'touch lock' (or something
like that) work reliably (this just occured to me)?


From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:18:51 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 07:18:51 -0700
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
Message-ID: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Probably a newcomer question, but I could not find a solution.

I am trying to have some singleton global objects like "database
connection" or "session" shared application wide.

Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
created a new object, as I tried.

Badly need guidences.

Thanks a lot
Sanjay



From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 14:19:13 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 11:19:13 -0700
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7690.1151773248.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7690.1151773248.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a6b763$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
> On Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:36:02 GMT, LittlePython <littlepython at lost.com> 
> wrote:
>> I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
>> example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
>> authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great 
>> as I am a "baby python" who is very green with threading....
> 
> Threaded programming is extremely difficult.  Most good newbie 
> introductions to it consist of warnings not to use it.

Just to expand on this reply -- even experts avoid threading unless
necessary.  The real reason that everyone hates threading is that
wrong programs can run correctly, and errors cannot be reproduced.
Apparently, threaded programs have a "demo detector" that makes them
go wrong in the presence of anything more than a single vice president
(or major customer).

So, the standard Python advice is to have each thread completely
independent (sharing no data), and communicating only with instances
of queue.Queue.  That keeps the "demo detector" in check, because
you then have individually predictable (and hopefully testable)
parts with a logable communication pattern.  You still may have
trouble (to which the best reply is, "See, we told you so.").

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Sat Jul 22 12:58:38 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 09:58:38 -0700
Subject: Python website problem?
In-Reply-To: <1153587229.053375.96420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153587229.053375.96420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153587518.232077.120620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Tim N. van der Leeuw wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Does the Python.org website have a problem? I only get a directory
> index, and clicking on any of the HTML files in there shows a page
> without any CSS makeup.
>
> Anyone noticed this too?
> 
> --Tim

Well, it seems fixed again...

--Tim



From brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk  Tue Jul 18 07:33:00 2006
From: brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk (Brian Elmegaard)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 13:33:00 +0200
Subject: Dictionary question
Message-ID: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>

Hi 

I have written the following which works, but I would like to write it
less clumsy. I have a dictionary in which I loop through the keys for
a dynamic programming algorithm. If a key is present I test if its
value is better than the current, if it is not present I just create
it. Would it be possible to write it more compact?

###############3
c=1
s=8
x=2

l=list()
l.append(dict())
l[0][5]=0

l.append(dict())

for a, e in l[-2].iteritems():
    if a+c<s: ##### Can this improved?
        if a+c in l[-1]: #####
            if l[-1][a+c]<x+e: #####
                l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
            else: #####
                l[-1][a+c]=x+e #####
print l
#####################

tia,
-- 
Brian (remove the sport for mail)
http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk


From rob.audenaerde at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 05:21:10 2006
From: rob.audenaerde at gmail.com (rob.audenaerde at gmail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 02:21:10 -0700
Subject: PySNMP Thread unsafe?
Message-ID: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to monitor about 250 devices with SNMP, using PySNMP version
4. I use the threading.Thread to create a threadpool of 10 threads, so
devices not responding won't slow down the monitoring process too much.


Here comes my problem. When using PySNMP single threaded, every this
goes well; but if I create 10 threads, it all goes awry... It seems
PySNMP is not thread safe? Can anyone elaborate on this?



From danb_83 at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 13:33:18 2006
From: danb_83 at yahoo.com (Dan Bishop)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 10:33:18 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153235137.755402.151700@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd5673$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153262119.072329.213810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153330398.263795.163290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Paul Boddie wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > On 19/07/2006 1:05 AM, Dan Bishop wrote:
> > >
> > > xrange already has __contains__.
> >
> > As pointed out previously, xrange is a function and one would not expect
> > it to have a __contains__ method.
>
> Well, you pointed out that range is a function, but xrange seems to be
> a type...
>
> >>> xrange
> <type 'xrange'>
> >>> dir(xrange)
> ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__',
> '__getitem__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__len__',
> '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__',
> '__setattr__', '__str__']
>
> No __contains__ method, though, at least in 2.4.1.
>
> > The objects returned by xrange do not (according to my reading of the
> > 2.4.3 version of Objects/rangeobject.c) have a __contains__ method.
>
> As confirmed by the above evidence.
>
> > I find it difficult to believe that an inefficient __contains__ has been
> > implemented since.
>
> So do I. As you go on to say, the usual sequence traversal mechanisms
> are probably used to support the "in" operator. Whether it's a pressing
> matter to add support for a more efficient mechanism depends on how
> often people want to use ranges in the way described. Perhaps I'll
> write a patch - who knows? ;-)

My mistake.  I should have looked at dir(xrange) before posting.

But the point remains that xrange's "implicit __contains__" runs in
linear time when a constant-time algorithm exists.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 15:46:14 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:46:14 -0700
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8544.1153856173.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz><ea5rno$9ru$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8544.1153856173.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153856774.690828.256310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Laszlo Nagy wrote:
> >>
> > Nope. StringI is an input-only object, StringO is an output object. You
> > got a StringI because you gave a string argument to the creator.
> >
> >
> >  >>> f1 = cStringIO.StringIO()
> >  >>> f1
> > <cStringIO.StringO object at 0x186c9c00>
> >  >>> dir(f1)
> > ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__',
> > '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',
> > '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush',
> > 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset',
> > 'seek', 'softspace', 'tell', 'truncate', 'write', 'writelines']
> >  >>> f2 = cStringIO.StringIO("This is the fixed content of the StringIO")
> >  >>> f2
> > <cStringIO.StringI object at 0x18661440>
> >  >>> dir(f2)
> > ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__',
> > '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__',
> > '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush',
> > 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset',
> > 'seek', 'tell', 'truncate']
> >  >>>
> >
> Is it possible to have a direct access in-memory file that can be
> written and read too?
>
>    Laszlo

I think that's what you'd get if you changed

f = cStringIO.StringIO('') 

to

f = cStringIO.StringIO() 

?



From timr at probo.com  Wed Jul  5 23:51:05 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 03:51:05 GMT
Subject: languages with full unicode support
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
	<6_adneQRdcb3YzbZnZ2dnUVZ_vGdnZ2d@insightbb.com>
Message-ID: <212pa2tnd3p87dvki0o34qgualu64d9hqc@4ax.com>

Dale King <DaleWKing at gmail.com> wrote:
>Tim Roberts wrote:
>> "Xah Lee" <xah at xahlee.org> wrote:
>> 
>>> Languages with Full Unicode Support
>>>
>>> As far as i know, Java and JavaScript are languages with full, complete
>>> unicode support. That is, they allow names to be defined using unicode.
>>> (the JavaScript engine used by FireFox support this)
>> 
>> This is implementation-defined in C.  A compiler is allowed to accept
>> variable names with alphabetic Unicode characters outside of ASCII.
>
>I don't think it is implementation defined. I believe it is actually 
>required by the spec.

C99 does have a list of Unicode codepoints that are required to be accepted
in identifiers, although implementations are free to accept other
characters as well.  For example, few people realize that Visual C++
accepts the dollar sign $ in an identifier.
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Mon Jul 10 18:48:01 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 08:48:01 +1000
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hfh55F1rjalkU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.10.22.48.00.333936@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:30:09 +0200, Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

[snip]
 
> So: Yes, mutable strings are dangerous. 

I'm sorry, perhaps I'm being slow today, but just why are they dangerous?
More dangerous than, say, mutable lists and mutable dicts? Unless I'm
missing something, the worst that can happen is that people will write
inefficient code, and they'll be caught out by the same sort of things
that surprise newbies about lists. E.g. using a list as a default value
in function definitions.


> Use them only when their benefits outweigh their risks.

That goes without saying :)


-- 
Steven.



From support at mathworks.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 18:12:44 2006
From: support at mathworks.co.uk (support at mathworks.co.uk)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 18:12:44 -0400
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 1
Message-ID: <200607312212.k6VMCiC16365@mail-vif.mathworks.com>

This is an automated response.

Thank you for contacting the Technical Support team at The MathWorks Ltd.  A technical support representative will be contacting you within 1 business day.

The following information will help us in responding to your request.  If you have already provided the information requested below, no further action is required.

1) License number, release number, and operating system.  Typing ?ver? at the MATLAB command prompt will list this information.

2) Exact text of any error message(s) received 

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[THREAD ID: 1-2ZFMI1]

-----Original Message-----
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Sent: 7/31/2006 6:12:18 PM
To: support at mathworks.co.uk
Subject: Python-list Digest, Vol 35, Issue 1   

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From mirandacascade at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 00:33:00 2006
From: mirandacascade at yahoo.com (mirandacascade at yahoo.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:33:00 -0700
Subject: win32com.client.Dispatch - understanding error messages
Message-ID: <1153197180.261068.260410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

O/S : Win2K
vsn of Python: 2.4

Hoping to find information that provide information about error
messages being encountered.

Pythonwin session:

>>> import win32com.client
>>> blah = win32com.client.Dispatch('MSXML2.XMLHTTP')
>>> blah.open("POST", "12.5.81.49/crg_cbsil_vtest_52/crg.aspx", 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<COMObject MSXML2.XMLHTTP>", line 4, in open
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, None, None, None,
0, -2147467259), None)

I tried various combinations in Google involving
"win32com.client.Dispatch", "MSXML2", "XMLHTTP" and the 2 different
error codes: -2147352567 and -2147467259.  So far, I haven't been able
to locate anything that has helped me zero in on the error.

The fact that no error was issued after the blah = ... statement plus
the fact that as soon as I typed the '(' character after blah.open,
that the arguments for the open method were displayed; those two things
make me think that the COM object is installed/registered on the
workstation.  Is that a reasonable conclusion?

I observed that there are a few other similarly named objects/methods,
so I tried them as well.  The error messages reference some different
dll's, but those error message seemed as inscrutable as the first set
of error messages above.

>>> blah = win32com.client.Dispatch('MSXML2.XMLHTTP.4.0')
>>> blah.open("POST", "12.5.81.49/crg_cbsil_vtest_52/crg.aspx", 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<COMObject MSXML2.XMLHTTP.4.0>", line 4, in open
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, 'msxml4.dll',
'System error: -2147012890.\r\n', None, 0, -2147012890), None)

and

>>> blah = win32com.client.Dispatch('MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP')
>>> blah.open("POST", "12.5.81.49/crg_cbsil_vtest_52/crg.aspx", 0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<COMObject MSXML2.ServerXMLHTTP>", line 4, in open
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, 'msxml3.dll',
'Unspecified error\r\n', None, 0, -2147467259), None)

Also tried varying the 3rd argument...instead of using 0 to represent
False, I tried:

>>> False
False
>>> blah = win32com.client.Dispatch('MSXML2.XMLHTTP')
>>> blah.open("POST", "12.5.81.49/crg_cbsil_vtest_52/crg.aspx", False)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<COMObject MSXML2.XMLHTTP>", line 4, in open
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, None, None, None,
0, -2147467259), None)

So, if possible, it would be nice to know two different types of
things:
1) what steps to take to correct these errors
2) where one can locate information about these types of errors



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 27 12:25:48 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:25:48 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154016686.383460.172770@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154016686.383460.172770@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154017548.903913.250510@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Jon Clements wrote:
> alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> > // Curious class definitions
> > class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
> > class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};
> >
> > It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
> > If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,
> >
> > not of the derived class.
> > class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};
> >
>
> Hint: where's the template parameter gone as per the previous two
> statements...
>
> Jon.

You miss the point; i want to derive a class and inherit all properties
without worrying about those implementation details. The Python code is
much cleaner in that respect. My post is about whether it is possible
to get such a clean interface in C++

Alain



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 00:29:21 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 21:29:21 -0700
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
In-Reply-To: <otmqc29frn8rqgdm7dhgprv7e4nvr6i7d2@4ax.com>
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
	<1154301754.089698.52050@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<otmqc29frn8rqgdm7dhgprv7e4nvr6i7d2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154320161.772328.10720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 30 Jul 2006 16:22:34 -0700, "placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> declaimed the
> following in comp.lang.python:
>
> >
> > ;)      Tsk Tsk
>
> 	Have you ever seen a Tempest VT-100? Lead shielding on the monitor
> FACE... Turn the brightness all the way up and it still looked dim.
> Fiber optic to the computer. And a shield keyboard about three inches
> thick and weighing 5 lbs.
>
> 	All to keep "them" from using radio equipment to pick up key strokes
> or the display scan line radiation (use an external vertical/horizontal
> sweep generator to an oscilloscope, and a high-gain amplifier to detect
> the brightness variation of the CRT).


Nope, i have not seen one.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 29 11:53:58 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 17:53:58 +0200
Subject: system programign
References: <1154187469.197018.295030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.15.53.58.924919@gmx.net>

In <1154187469.197018.295030 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>, oqestra wrote:

> may i use python to read a file and output its content to another file
> which is not created yet and i don't want to use ">" to do this in
> linux?

Read the documentation about `open()`.  Simple example:

in_file = open('old.txt', 'r')
out_file = open('new.txt', 'w')
for line in in_file:
    out_file.write(line)
in_file.close()
out_file.close()

how do you do ?

I'm fine, thanks.  ;-)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul 29 05:17:21 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 11:17:21 +0200
Subject: metaclass : parse all class once before doing anything else ?
In-Reply-To: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
References: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <4j0nd2F5q3hlU1@uni-berlin.de>

Laurent Rahuel schrieb:
> I got a metaclass named Foo


I have the impression that you are not talking about a meta-class, but a 
normal class here.

> Then I got two others classes:
> 
> class Bar(Foo):
>         pass
> 
> class Baz(Foo):
>         pass
> 
> I know how to add some attrs, methods to Bar and Baz when the module is
> loaded but I need to do something more :
> 
> Before adding anything to these classes, 
> 1 - I need to parse all defined Foo classes
> 2 - "sort" them 
> 3 - parse this sorted list to add attrs and methods.
> 
> This seems to be really to clever for me ;-(
> 
> Any idea ?

Why do you want to do this? It is in that way not possible - python has 
no preprocessing step that would allow this.

I suggest you explain to us what you are after here, and then we might 
come up with a solution.

Diez


From DaleWKing at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 14:00:07 2006
From: DaleWKing at gmail.com (Dale King)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 14:00:07 -0400
Subject: languages with full unicode support
In-Reply-To: <lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <6_adneQRdcb3YzbZnZ2dnUVZ_vGdnZ2d@insightbb.com>

Tim Roberts wrote:
> "Xah Lee" <xah at xahlee.org> wrote:
> 
>> Languages with Full Unicode Support
>>
>> As far as i know, Java and JavaScript are languages with full, complete
>> unicode support. That is, they allow names to be defined using unicode.
>> (the JavaScript engine used by FireFox support this)
>>
>> As far as i know, here's few other lang's status:
>>
>> C ? No.
> 
> This is implementation-defined in C.  A compiler is allowed to accept
> variable names with alphabetic Unicode characters outside of ASCII.

I don't think it is implementation defined. I believe it is actually 
required by the spec. The trouble is that so few compilers actually 
comply with the spec. A few years ago I asked for someone to actually 
point to a fully compliant compiler and no one could.

-- 
  Dale King


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 00:03:29 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 23:03:29 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>

Grant Edwards wrote:

> On 2006-07-31, John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
> 
>>> but if you
>>> wish ==>
>>>
>>> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made
>>> by epson
>>
>> 1. You still haven't *NAMED* the CPU and the compiler!!
> 
> He obviously doesn't want to have to kill all of us.
> 
>> 2. Do you mean ARM as in "Acorn/Advanced RISC Machines"??
> 
> That's the only "arm" processor I know about.
> 
>> They make 8-bit CPUs????
> 
> Nope.
> 
>> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
>> that is your input??????
> 
> 
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Yow! Maybe I
> should
>                                   at               have asked for my
>                                   Neutron
>                                visi.com            Bomb in PAISLEY--

Yes I had arm in mind (for some reason) while it is the Smc8831
(http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&start=1&q=http://www.epsondevice.com/www/PDFS/epdoc_ic.nsf/5388db40b5eee4f949256a9c001d589f/944b73008b0bad33492570a00015d6ba/%24FILE/S5U1C88000C_2Ev3.pdf&e=9797)


>> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
>> that is your input??????

What device manager ? think about it before being rude

Regards,

Philippe








From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 03:12:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:12:02 +0200
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153947609.975961.35940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153947609.975961.35940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c86743$0$11707$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

thebjorn wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> [...]
> 
>>Possible solution:
>>
>>import mx.DateTime as dt
>>def age(date):
>>    return dt.Age(dt.today(), date).years
>>born = dt.Date(1967, 5, 1)
>>assert age(born) == 39
> 
> 
> dealbreaker:
>
>>>>age(datetime.date(1970,5,2))
>
(snip traceback)

What about:
 age(dt.Date(1970,5,2))

> I'm getting data from a database, and conversions
> are out of the
> question for something like this.

Which conversion ? How do you get the data ? as a datetime object ? as a
(y,m,d) tuple ? as a "y-m-d" string ? Else ?



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From orsenthil at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 14:23:14 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:23:14 -0700
Subject: Comment on this script. Possible error in communication with list arg
	between functions
Message-ID: <1153765394.026197.89560@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,
         Part of my script is to check for pre-requisite rpms to be
installed.
If its installed, I just display the rpm version as in rpm database,
otherwise I output a message saying:
' rpm is not installed' and collect the rpm name in a list
(notInstalled).
At the end if the len(notInstalled) is greater than 0 then I display
them all asking it to be installed and exit the program.
My Script is below:
-------
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys



notInstalled = []



def checkForRpm(rpmname):
        ''' Check for the presence of the RPM. '''
        cin,cout,cerr = os.popen3('rpm -q ' + rpmname)
        output = cout.read()
        global notInstalled
        if len(output) <= 0:
                print rpmname + ' not installed.'
                notInstalled.append(rpmname)
        else:
                print output



def preReqCheckRpms():
        ''' Check for the required RPMS '''
        listOfRpms =
['firefox','senthil','binutils','gcc','cpp','glibc-devel','glibc-headers','glibc-kernheaders','compat-db','compat-gcc','compat-gcc-c++','compat-libstdc++','compat-libstdc++-devel','gnome-libs','openmotif21','setarch']



        for eachRpm in listOfRpms:
                checkForRpm(eachRpm)
        global notInstalled
        if len(notInstalled) > 0:
                print 'The following RPMS are not installed:'
                for eachRpm in notInstalled:
                        print eachRpm
                print 'Please install them for the installation to
continue.'
                sys.exit(-1)






def main():
        preReqCheckRpms()



if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
----

* This is NOT Working.
* notInstalled.append(rpmname) is not taking effect in
checkForRpm(rpmname)
* I dont know how to communicate the notInstalled list to
preReqCheckRpms.

-- 
Senthil



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 00:53:08 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 21:53:08 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7791.1152069107.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7791.1152069107.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152075188.705897.296000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> basic question..
>
> how do i define a multi dimensional array
>
>  a[10][10]

I find that list comprehensions are useful for this.

[ [None for x in xrange(10)] for y in xrange(10)]

You could easily write a wrapper for it to clean the syntax a bit.



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 14:42:13 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:42:13 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8185.1152902240.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.8185.1152902240.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152902533.482789.35690@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Or Python on the Zaurus, which I used to develop a wifi CRM app on a
group of refurb Sharp Zaurus SL-5500 units. Here's a link to the Python
implementation on the Z --> http://starship.python.net/~hinsen/Zaurus/.

Grzegorz Makarewicz wrote:
> Jack wrote:
> > Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
> > embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
> > user gets to select what modules to install?
> >
> > For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?
> >
> > I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
> > source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
> > another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
> > Python on these systems?
> >
> > If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
> > of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?
> >
> > PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
> > Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough.
> >
> >
> >
> python on palmos - latest version was below 1.5.2 - but is quite interesting
> has small fotoprint, is fast and usefull
> but isn't maintained by years
> 
> mak



From titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 11:44:26 2006
From: titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ernesto_Garc=EDa_Garc=EDa?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 17:44:26 +0200
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8428.1153667854.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ea05gu$bba$1@hefestos.uned.es>

> parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 'limits':[0.,0.]}]*6

With this, you are creating a list with 6 references to the same list. 
Note that the left operand of '*' is evaluated only once before 
"multiplying" it six times.

Regards,
Tito


From dnew at san.rr.com  Thu Jul 13 14:08:00 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:08:00 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.  
> Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic 
> sense; no OO going on here). 

Depends what you mean by "object".

int x = 6; int y = 5; x = y;

I'd say x was mutable, with no "identity" problems involved?

Why is it problematic that variables have identity and are mutable? 
Certainly I can later "find" whatever value I put into x.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Fri Jul 14 07:43:15 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 04:43:15 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152877395.385833.34670@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


David Hirschfield wrote:
> I have this function:
>
> def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
>     chunks = []
>     chunk = []
>     for i,v in enumerate(l[:-1]):
>         v2 = l[i+1]
>         if v2-v == stride:
>             if not chunk:
>                 chunk.append(v)
>             chunk.append(v2)
>         else:
>             if not chunk:
>                 chunk.append(v)
>             chunks.append(chunk)
>             chunk = []
>     if chunk:
>         chunks.append(chunk)
>     return chunks
>
> Which takes a list of numerical values "l" and splits it into chunks
> where each chunk is sequential, where sequential means each value in a
> chunk is
> separated from the next by "stride".
>
> So sequentialChunks([1,2,3,5,6,8,12]) returns:
>
> [[1,2,3],[5,6],[8],[12]]
>
> I don't think the code above is the most efficient way to do this, but
> it is relatively clear. I tried fiddling with list-comprehension ways of
> accomplishing it, but kept losing track of things...so if anyone has a
> suggestion, I'd appreciate it.
>

Gerard wrote:
>see the groupby example here:
>
>    http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html

tweaking the example from the docs to take the stride into account:

def stride(length):
    i = 0
    while True:
        yield i
        i += length

def group(data,d=1):
    for k, g in groupby(zip(stride(d),data), lambda (i,x):i-x):
        yield map(operator.itemgetter(1), g)

data = [1,2,3, 5, 6, 8, 12,13,14]

print list( group( data,2 ) )

hth

Gerard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 04:42:27 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:42:27 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <z0jjmvvsnm7y.1fat4mdbd5z02.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c796fb$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<z0jjmvvsnm7y.1fat4mdbd5z02.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c87c75$0$21614$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:23:22 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>>Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?
>>>
>>>?
>>
>>I mean : write a parser and interpreter for a DSL. In Ruby.
> 
> 
> I see. Nope. I do not like code generators. 

I'm not talking about "code generators", I'm talking about implementing
a language with another language.

> In this sense every template
> system is DSL.

Indeed.

> E.g. Smarty Templates for PHP. You can create "external DSL"
> even in C or assembler.

Indeed.

> This is not the point. The point is Ruby is much
> better suited to create internal DSL than Python

Care to back your claim ? Or are you just parroting what you read from
some clueless guy more concerned with hype and buzz than with reality ?

> or PHP.

Please compare what is comparable.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 17:11:30 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 14:11:30 -0700
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <1153767976.683608.125290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153767976.683608.125290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153775490.692515.64400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


nephish at xit.net wrote:

> the starting and ending deliminators are ASCII 'STX' and 'ENX'. i
> wondered why they did it like that also. But they did.
>
> the message length is a 4 byte integer indicating how long the message
> body is.
> the message type is also 4 bytes. There is a table in the docs that
> describe what each message type is. for example 200 = login,
> etc...etc...
>
> the big deal in the docs goes on about how the clients need the byte
> order to match that of the arch that the server runs on 'Sun
> UltraSPARC' , i think they run Solaris.
>
> if i sound like i do not know what i am talking about... there is a
> reason...  i am very new to this type of communication with the server.
> I have about 6 months with python ( my first language ).
>

Perhaps if you could post
(a) the *FULL* docs for one record type -- it's not apparent whether
you have these or not; Grant is trying to show you how to do elementary
data detective work ...
(b) the Python repr() of an example or two of that record type
(c) what you expect (or are told) that example data means,
we could post back some sample complete code with a bit of explanation

Cheers,
John



From exarkun at divmod.com  Sat Jul  1 12:03:16 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 12:03:16 -0400
Subject: gmail/poplib: quickly detecting new mail
In-Reply-To: <1151767791.512857.307160@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060701160316.29014.1704410504.divmod.quotient.17936@ohm>

On 1 Jul 2006 08:29:51 -0700, LJ <ljcell at gmail.com> wrote:
>Hello,
>
>I'm trying to monitor my gmail account to know when I have obtained a
>new email.  It seems that once I have logged in, I should be able to
>call the stat() function repeatedly to see how many messages are in my
>inbox.  The problem is that this number does not seem to update until I
>have logged out, and logged back in.  In other words, I run the code
>below, send myself an email, and observe that the count does not
>change.  If I kill the program and restart (hence logging back in),
>then the total count is now updated.  The other function calls seem to
>work the same way (eg "list" just shows the same list, even when I know
>new mail has arrived).
>
>Questions:
>1. is this a standard behavior of pop protocol? (to give me the same
>results for any API call on a single login?)

Yes.

>2. OR is this a peculiarity of gmail

Nope.

>3. is there a more efficient and correct way to see know when I have
>received a new mail?  Currently my "working" method is to log out and
>log back in.  With this method, I can get about 17 refreshes per minute
>but anything faster and Gmail blocks me for a few minutes. (yes it is
>important to my application that I have very frequent refreshes).

This is not the purpose for which POP3 was intended.  POP3 is expected
to be used when a latency of several minutes doesn't make much difference.
If you look at the capabilities gmail's POP3 server publishes, you even
see they are declaring a five minute login delay.  This is intended as
a hint to clients that logins more frequent than one per five minutes are
not allowed.

Jean-Paul


From http  Mon Jul 31 11:09:54 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 08:09:54 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<7xirldkees.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<p%ozg.1792$W93.161@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7xejw1kdz1.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> On device #1 no constraint for my purpose. On the smartcard, the tradeoff is
> between using EEPROM (plenty + slow + small life expectancy) for temp
> variables versus RAM (very little) ... but I do not think it is an issue
> eather in my case. Speed is what worries me most (crypto takes time).

You should not have to do this decimal-hex conversion repeatedly in a
crypto operation.  Do you have a public-key accelerator (or MAC unit)
on that cpu?  Do you really care about speed?  I had thought up a cute
O(n**3) scheme that might have been ok for 8 digits but probably not
for 24.


From larry.bates at websafe.com  Wed Jul 19 11:46:31 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 10:46:31 -0500
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <OvadnUQU8cReziPZnZ2dnUVZ_vudnZ2d@comcast.com>

What about something like:

supply = supply()
compressor = compressor(supply)
combuster = combuster(compressor)
compressor.append(combuster)
turbine = turbine(combuster)
combuster.append(turbine)


-Larry Bates


davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
> 
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
> 
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
> 
> 
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
> 
> Dave
> 


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 11:08:27 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:08:27 -0700
Subject: list problem
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888884.542416.253740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153926506.965744.293190@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
>
> But there may be other characters before XXX (which XXX is constant). A
> better example would be, that string s is like a file name and the
> characters before it are the absolute path, where the strings in the
> first list can have a different absolute path then the second list
> entries. But the filenames are always exact. So you need to split the
> entries bases on "\\" (windows machine) and match on this ?
>
>
> Cheers

If you're actually working with filenames and paths then you should use
os.path.basename() to get just the filename parts of the paths.

test = set(map(os.path.basename, list1))
test |= set(map(os.path.basename, list2))

(Note: I *was* being stupid last night, the + operator doesn't work for
sets. You want to use | )

Peace,
~Simon



From jo at durchholz.org  Thu Jul 13 13:22:15 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:22:15 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95vp9$hln$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Mutability by itself does not imply identity.

Well, the implication certainly holds from identity to mutability.
The only definition of identity that I found to hold up for all kinds of 
references (pointers, shared-memory identifiers, URLs etc.) is this:

Two pieces of data are identical if and only if:
a) they are equal
b) they stay equal after applying an arbitrary operation to one of them.

This means that for immutable objects, there's no observable difference 
between equality and identity (which I think it just fine).


For the implicaton from mutability to identity, I'm not sure whether 
talking about mutation still makes sense without some kind of identity. 
For example, you need to establish that the object after the mutation is 
still "the same" in some sense, and this "the same" concept is exactly 
identity.

 > I agree that mutability
> plus identity implies aliasing problems, however.

Then we're agreeing about the most important point anyway.

>> In other words, pointers are essentially just an *aspect* of mutability
>> in lower-level languages.
> 
> Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> pointers/identity/objects.

I'm sceptical.
Any examples?

Regards,
Jo


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 10:38:02 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 00:38:02 +1000
Subject: List Manipulation
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.14.38.01.427061@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700, Roman wrote:

> I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> the following snipet:
> 
> When I run I get no result

What do you mean? Does it print None?

> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break

That's a very unPythonic way of doing the job. The usual way of doing
this would be something like this:

for line in reader[:7]:
    # no need for the "if cnt > 6: break" clause now


>     for col in line:
>        p[:0].append(str(col))

p[:0] creates a new list, which has a string appended to it, and is then
thrown away. What are you trying to do?

If you are trying to insert the new entry at the beginning of the list,
you probably want this:

p.insert(0, str(col))





From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 01:55:11 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 15:55:11 +1000
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
References: <mailman.7798.1152075897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.05.55.10.293298@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 22:07:59 -0700, bruce wrote:

> do i need to import anything for this.. or is it supposed to work out of the
> box..

Why don't you try it, and see if it gives you a result or raises an
exception? The exception (if any) will give you a clue what you need to do.

> and just what is it doing!!!!!

The original list comprehension is:

[[None for x in xrange(10)] for y in xrange(10)]

This is a list comprehension inside another list comprehension. Start from
the inside and work out. The inside list comp is:

[None for x in xrange(10)]

That is equivalent to:

result = []
for x in xrange(10):
    result.append(None)

and it creates a list of ten None items.

The outer list comp is 

[list_comp for y in xrange(10)]

where list_comp is the inner list comprehension. It also creates a list
of ten items, where each item is [None,None,....None]. But the important
thing is that each of the inner lists are DIFFERENT lists that just happen
to share the same value (ten None items), rather than the same list
repeated ten times.

-- 
Steven.



From russandheather at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:57:01 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:57:01 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153949764.939782.173390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
	<1153949764.939782.173390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153951021.394062.32280@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Oops - minor correction... xmlrpclib is fine (I think/hope).  It is
SimpleXMLRPCServer that currently has issues.  It uses
thread-unfriendly sys.exc_value and sys.exc_type... this is being
corrected.



From bvdp at xplornet.com  Wed Jul  5 19:36:15 2006
From: bvdp at xplornet.com (bvdp at xplornet.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 16:36:15 -0700
Subject: problems with midi programming in python
References: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <1152142575.725749.172980@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

sreekant wrote:
> Hi folks
>
> I hope someone here might be able to help. I scavenged some info and
> even code from the net and am trying to write a module that reads a text
> file and spits out a midi file.
>
> So far I managed to make it work to the level of reading a text file
> with appropriate notes, octaves, transposing, volume, aftertouch,
> polyphony, channeltouch etc.
>
> However I am stuck at writing notes longer than 127 decimal number.
>
> The code I am using is below. I didn't post the whole code to keep it
> brief. If it is ok I will post the whole.
>
> ###########################################
> def note_on(self, time, channel, note, velocity):
>      return varLen(time) + [0x90 + channel, note, velocity]
>
> def varLen(value):
>       # Big endian variable byte word
>       # as defined by the midi standard
>       result = []
>       while value:
>           result.append((value & 0x7F) | 0x80)
>           value = value >> 7
>       if len(result) == 0:
>           return [0]
>       else:
>           result[len(result)-1] -= 128
>           result.reverse()
>           return result
> #############################################
>
> note_on should accept time,channel,note and velocity as decimals.
>
> Note and velocity are not a problem as their numbers are small.
>
> If I want to put a note that lasts say longer than 127, fluidsynth moans
> saying unexpected eof or unexpected byte 0xfe.
>
> What I would like to do is, to be able to
> note_on(1500,1,60,120)
> 1500 being the problem.
>
> Midi file standard says that time is written as a variable length
> entity. so if 1500 does not fit in a byte it should then use as many
> bytes as needed, but all bytes except last one have their msb set to 1
> to show there is more to come.
>
> Below is the output of mftext for a working and nonworking midi files
> respectively.
> ############## playing a single 'a' note ############ working fine ###
> Header format=1 ntrks=2 division=24
> Track start
> Time=0  Tempo, microseconds-per-MIDI-quarter-note=500000
> Time=0  Time signature=4/4  MIDI-clocks/click=24
> 32nd-notes/24-MIDI-clocks=8
> Time=0  Meta event, end of track
> Track end
> Track start
> Time=0  Program, chan=1 program=1
> Time=0  Note on, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=127
> Time=127  Note off, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=0
> Time=127  Meta event, end of track
> Track end
> ######################################################
>
> ######### playing a single a note, with double the 127 duration##
> ########not working############################################
> Header format=1 ntrks=2 division=24
> Track start
> Time=0  Tempo, microseconds-per-MIDI-quarter-note=500000
> Time=0  Time signature=4/4  MIDI-clocks/click=24
> 32nd-notes/24-MIDI-clocks=8
> Time=0  Meta event, end of track
> Track end
> Track start
> Time=0  Program, chan=1 program=1
> Time=0  Note on, chan=1 pitch=57 vol=127
> Error: unexpected byte: 0xfe
> #########################################################
>
> What am I doing wrong!!!!!!
>
> Help appreciated.
> ta
> sree

Here's a snippit which does work:

def intToVarNumber(x):
	""" Convert INT to a variable length MIDI value. """

	lst = chr(x & 0x7f)
	while  1:
		x = x >> 7
		if x:
			lst = chr((x & 0x7f) | 0x80) + lst
		else:
			return lst

See my program MMA for lots of ugly tricks.
http://users.xplornet.com/~bvdp/mma

Best,



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 03:47:19 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 00:47:19 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
References: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152690439.515056.101010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

JK,

You are correct to implement __hash__ and __eq__. The problem is how
you implemented them. Usually your __eq__ method should compare the
necessary attributes of the objects for equality. The __hash__ should
return a 32-bit integer. Your best bet is probably to return a hash of
hashes of your attributes that are used in equality comparison. What
this means is that your attributes used to produce the __hash__ should
also be hashable. This is important yet not immediatly obvious. So you
could for example return hash( (attribute1, attribute2, attribute3) ),
where attribute1, attribute2, attribute3 are all hashable.
 Of course, you provided no code and no error messages (the
'SoFarNoLuck' exception is not descriptive enough ; )

Hope this helps



JKPeck wrote:
> I would like to be able use sets where the set members are objects of a
> class I wrote.
> I want the members to be distinguished by some of the object content,
> but I have not figured out how a set determines whether two (potential)
> elements are identical.  I tried implementing __eq__ and __ne__ and
> __hash__ to make objects with identical content behave as identical for
> set membership, but so far no luck.
>
> I could subclass set if necessary, but I still don't know what I would
> need to override.
> 
> TIA for any advice you can offer.



From exarkun at divmod.com  Thu Jul 27 08:59:31 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:59:31 -0400
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <slrnecgpbq.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <20060727125931.1717.350832550.divmod.quotient.2425@ohm>

On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 02:30:03 -0500, Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> wrote:
>bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com <bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com> wrote:
>>  Hans wrote:
>> > Is there a way that the program that created and started a thread also stops
>> > it.
>> > (My usage is a time-out).
>> >
>> > E.g.
>> >
>> > thread = threading.Thread(target=Loop.testLoop)
>> > thread.start()     # This thread is expected to finish within a second
>> > thread.join(2)    # Or time.sleep(2) ?
>>
>>  No, Python has no threadicide method
>
>Actually it does in the C API, but it isn't exported to python.
>ctypes can fix that though.

No, it has a method for raising an exception.  This isn't quite the
same as a method for killing a thread.  Also, this has been mentioned
in this thread before.  Unfortunately:

  import os, threading, time, ctypes

  class ThreadKilledError(Exception):
      pass

  _PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc
  _c_ThreadKilledError = ctypes.py_object(ThreadKilledError)

  def timeSleep():
      time.sleep(100)

  def childSleep():
      os.system("sleep 100") # time.sleep(100)

  def catchException():
      while 1:
          try:
              while 1:
                  time.sleep(0.0)
          except Exception, e:
              print 'Not exiting because of', e
            

  class KillableThread(threading.Thread):
      """
      Show how to kill a thread -- almost
      """
      def __init__(self, name="thread", *args, **kwargs):
          threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
          self.name = name
          print "Starting %s" % self.name

      def kill(self):
          """Kill this thread"""
          print "Killing %s" % self.name
          _PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(self.id, _c_ThreadKilledError)

      def run(self):
          self.id = threading._get_ident()
          try:
              return threading.Thread.run(self)
          except Exception, e:
              print 'Exiting', e

  def main():
      threads = []
      for f in timeSleep, childSleep, catchException:
          t = KillableThread(target=f)
          t.start()
          threads.append(t)
      time.sleep(1)
      for t in threads:
          print 'Killing', t
          t.kill()
      for t in threads:
          print 'Joining', t
          t.join()

  if __name__ == '__main__':
      main()


Jean-Paul


From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Fri Jul 28 16:03:11 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:03:11 -0700
Subject: Don't use __slots__! (was Re: dicts vs classes)
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>
	<ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com> <ea5jd5$ia8$1@reader2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <eadqhv$kbs$1@panix2.panix.com>

In article <ea5jd5$ia8$1 at reader2.panix.com>, Roy Smith <roy at panix.com> wrote:
>>Guido sez:
>>
>>     __slots__ is a terrible hack with nasty, hard-to-fathom side
>>     effects that should only be used by programmers at grandmaster and
>>     wizard levels. Unfortunately it has gained an enormous undeserved
>>     popularity amongst the novices and apprentices, who should know
>>     better than to use this magic incantation casually.
>
>But, if they are novices, why should they be expected to know better?
>
>I just re-read http://docs.python.org/ref/slots.html#l2h-217 and don't
>see anyplace where it says, "Warning: for use by wizards only".

Unfortunately, the Python docs are currently suboptimal when it comes to
new-style classes.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by
definition, not smart enough to debug it."  --Brian W. Kernighan


From john106henry at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 22:25:44 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 19:25:44 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152842016.793515.127420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152841415.165550.14590@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152842016.793515.127420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152843944.767204.113760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> >
> > False not in logflags
> >
>
> Or, if your values aren't already bools
>
> False not in (bool(n) for n in logflags)
> 
> 
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon

Very intriguing use of "not in"...

Thanks,



From http  Wed Jul 26 16:47:51 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:47:51 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
> Alright, so manually running builds is going to be crazy and
> unmanageable.  So what the people who came before me did to manage
> this scenario was to fork on thread per build.  The threads invoke a
> series of calls that look like
> 
> os.system(ssh <host> <command>)

Instead of using os.system, maybe you want to use one of the popens or
the subprocess module.  For each ssh, you'd spawn off a process that
does the ssh and communicates back to the control process through a
set of file descriptors (Unix pipe endpoints or whatever).  The
control process could use either threads or polling/select to talk to
the pipes and keep track of what the subprocesses were doing.

I don't think you need anything as complex as shared memory for this.
You're just writing a special purpose chat server.


From ptmcg at austin.rr.com  Wed Jul 19 23:34:47 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 20:34:47 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153366487.694761.30700@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects.

Have you looked at SimPy?  This may simplify much of your data
structure anguish (probably only need forward refs, without the back
refs), plus it will do all the discrete event scheduling for you.

-- Paul



From crankycoder at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 15:13:56 2006
From: crankycoder at gmail.com (Victor Ng)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:13:56 -0400
Subject: build problems with Python 2.4.3 under Solaris 10
In-Reply-To: <a8bfd74c0607281155p680f465cy69eb0c4caae1308@mail.gmail.com>
References: <a8bfd74c0607281155p680f465cy69eb0c4caae1308@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <a8bfd74c0607281213u14abc901oc3a91248038f4777@mail.gmail.com>

Oops..  I meant:

 ./configure --prefix=/opt/python/2.4.3 --enable-shared

When I include /opt/csw into the CPPFlags or LDFlags,  libraries like
lxml start to fail to compile.

Still - if anyone can point me out to getting readline working -
that'd be great.

thanks,

Hmm.... Linux is *easy* compared to Solaris.  :)
vic

On 7/28/06, Victor Ng <crankycoder at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> How do I enable readline support for Python under Solaris 10?
>
> I've got CSWreadline installed in /opt/csw from blastwave, but I'm not having any luck getting the readline.so module compiled.
>
> I'm using:
>
>  CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/csw/include" LDFLAGS="-L/opt/csw/lib" ./configure --prefix=/opt/python/2.4.3 --enable-shared --disable-tkinter --enable-readline --libdir=/opt/csw/lib  --includedir=/opt/csw/include --enable-rpath --enable-curses
>
> From the SciPy page, I've modified the pyconfig.h file after configure is run so that matplotlib will compile:
>
> http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Matplotlib/CompilingMatPlotLibOnSolaris10
>
>
>
>           2 after extracting it and running ./configure, edit the generated pyconfig.h as follows:
>
>
>
> i) if _XOPEN_SOURCE is defined to be 600 (i.e., if the line "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600" appears in the file), redefine it to 500
>
> ii) if _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED is defined at all (i.e. if the line "#define _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED 1" appears in the file), comment out its definition
> But other than that - I haven't done anything special.  What am I doing wrong?
>
> vic



-- 
"Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by
stupidity."  - Hanlon's Razor


From titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 03:57:02 2006
From: titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ernesto_Garc=EDa_Garc=EDa?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 09:57:02 +0200
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
Message-ID: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>

Hi all,

I'm sure there is a better way to do this:

[random.choice(possible_notes) for x in range(length)]

Regards,
Ernesto


From martin at v.loewis.de  Tue Jul 25 13:45:32 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:45:32 +0200
Subject: Grail not downloading
In-Reply-To: <1153828919.178891.65010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44C3F095.7090006@v.loewis.de>
	<1153828919.178891.65010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c658bc$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

Dustan wrote:
> I appreciate the info. I couldn't exactly attempt to download the files
> manually, though. ;)

Learn to use CVS, then go to

http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=6416

Regards,
Martin


From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:49:20 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:49:20 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<kdgcc2l0474cj833tou7dutp6ebb8utjhd@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <t7slc8qsomtk.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 13:33:40, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

>> Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>> term "binding", and that whatever it means (I'll have to read more on that,
>> now that I know the term) is different for read-only and read/write access.
>>
> Binding only happens when the bare name is on the LHS of an assignment
> (or, to complicate matters, passed as an argument). 

This makes a lot more sense now.


> Binding has nothing to do with "read-only" vs "read/write" access.

Isn't being on the LHS the only way to write to a non-mutable object? Are
there situations where binding happens without writing to a variable? Are
there write accesses to non-mutable objects where the name is not on the
LHS?


> Reading is a look-up operation -- you are looking for the object that
> "currently" has the "post-it" (which is the Name) attached to it.

Thanks, to you and Bruno. I think I got this now, and also why. 

(And see, here you are talking about reading... see my questions above.)

Gerhard



From joncashman_1967 at hotmail.com  Mon Jul 24 10:02:24 2006
From: joncashman_1967 at hotmail.com (jon cashman)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 09:02:24 -0500
Subject: json implementation
Message-ID: <BAY12-F20E8D9D3E1E142FEEF8CD089650@phx.gbl>

Hi everyone,

Is there a doc comparing different json implementation (example:
python-json, simplejson)? Does anyone have a strong recommendation
to make? Any problem/issue for a particular implementation?

Thanks.

- jon

_________________________________________________________________
Is your PC infected? Get a FREE online computer virus scan from McAfee? 
Security. http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 22:45:48 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 19:45:48 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <1153536348.429266.108570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Boris Borcic wrote:
> does
>
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>
> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes.

You would be mistaken (except for the trivial case of 2 elements).

In m uniform, independant, random 2-way choices, there are 2**m
equally probable outcomes. We can map multiple random outcomes
to the same final output, but each will still have probability of the
form
n/2**m, where n is an integer.

A random permutation requires that we generate outputs with
probability 1/(n!). For n>2, we cannot reach the probability using a
limited number of 2-way choices.


Have you ever looked at the problem of making a perfectly uniform
1-in-3 choice when the only source of randomness is a perfect random
bit generator? The algorithms terminate with probability 1, but are
non-terminators in that there is no finite number of steps in which
they must terminate.


-- 
--Bryan



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 07:44:38 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:44:38 +0100
Subject: Package organization
In-Reply-To: <44B95789.3080006@wi.rr.com>
References: <44B95789.3080006@wi.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e9ft77$k4j$2@sea.gmane.org>

Mike Wyatt wrote:
> I've been playing around with Python for a few months now, and I just 
> recently started looking at packages to organize my growing project.  So 
> far, I've been organizing my application into one class per module.  
> This has been working pretty well.  For example, I simply "import 
> timer", then use "t = timer.Timer()" to allocate a new Timer object, .  
> Unfortunately, this is yielding some pretty odd syntax when I use 
> packages.  Here is a sample of my package structure:
> 
> /engine
>     /graphics
>     /input
>     /world
>     /timer
>         timer.py       # contains Timer class
> main.py
> 
> Let's say I want to create a Timer object in main.py.  I would need to 
> do something like this:
> 
> import engine.timer.timer.Timer
> t = engine.timer.timer.Timer()
> 
> Maybe I shouldn't have a module and package with the same name, but it 
> seems the most logical design.  Unfortunately, the code is a bit ugly 
> with "timer" included in the import three times.
> 
> Is there a better way to do this?  How do you guys organize your 
> packages and modules?

Basically you are over-organizing for your needs here. Is there any 
reason why the timer.py file defininf the Timer function needs to be in 
its own sub-package?

It's bad enough having to write timer.Timer(), don't compound that folly 
unnecessarily!

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 11:09:11 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:09:11 +0200
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b66218$0$5505$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Sanjay wrote:
> Probably a newcomer question, but I could not find a solution.
> 
> I am trying to have some singleton global objects like "database
> connection" or "session" shared application wide.

Whenever possible, dont. If you really have no other way out, create the
'singleton' in it's module (at the module's to level), then import the
module.

> Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
> object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
> created a new object, as I tried.

I'd like to know what you actually tried.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 18:17:53 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:17:53 +1000
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8308.1153251275.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8308.1153251275.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bd5e11$1@news.eftel.com>

On 19/07/2006 5:34 AM, skip at pobox.com wrote:
>     >> In csv.reader, is there any way of skip lines that start whith '#' or
>     >> empty lines
> 
> Nope.  When we wrote the module we weren't aware of any "spec" that
> specified comments or blank lines.  You can easily write a file wrapper to
> filter them out though:
> 
>     class BlankCommentCSVFile:
>         def __init__(self, fp):
>             self.fp = fp
> 
>         def __iter__(self):
>             return self
> 
>         def next(self):
>             line = self.fp.next()
>             if not line.strip() or line[0] == "#":
>                 return self.next()

This is recursive. Unlikely of course, but if the file contained a large 
number of empty lines, might this not cause the recursion limit to be 
exceeded?


>             return line
> 
> Use it like so:
> 
>     reader = csv.reader(BlankCommentCSVFile(open("somefile.csv")))
>     for row in reader:
>         print row
> 

Hi Skip,

Is there any reason to prefer this approach to Daniel's, apart from 
being stuck with an older (pre-yield) version of Python?

A file given to csv.reader is supposed to be opened with "rb" so that 
newlines embedded in data fields can be handled properly, and also 
(according to a post by Andrew MacNamara (IIRC)) for DIY emulation of 
"rU". It is not apparent how well this all hangs together when a filter 
is interposed, nor whether there are any special rules about what the 
filter must/mustn't do. Perhaps a few lines for the docs?

Cheers,
John



From alanmk at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:13:12 2006
From: alanmk at hotmail.com (Alan Kennedy)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:13:12 -0700
Subject: smtplib timeout
References: <pan.2006.07.25.16.00.17.955935@bmsi.com>
	<1153844500.213011.254160@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.17.24.10.736073@bmsi.com>
Message-ID: <1153854792.668805.276350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

[Stuart D. Gathman]
>>> I need to set a timelimit for the operation of
>>> smtplib.sendmail.  It has to be thread based, because pymilter uses
>>> libmilter which is thread based.

[Alan Kennedy]
>> Have you tried setting a default socket timeout, which applies to all
>> socket operations?

[Stuart D. Gathman]
> Does this apply to all threads, is it inherited when creating threads, or
> does each thread need to specify it separately?

It is a module level default, which affects all socket operations after
the socket.setdefaulttimeout() call, regardless of whether they are in
threads or not.

So you only need to call it once, probably before any other processing
takes place.

=================================================
import socket
import smtplib
import threading

dud_server = '192.168.1.1'
timeout_value = 1.0 # seconds

socket.setdefaulttimeout(timeout_value)

def do_connect(tno):
  print "Thread%d: connecting to server: %s" % (tno, dud_server)
  try:
    connection = smtplib.SMTP(dud_server)
  except socket.timeout:
    print "Thread%d: server timed out" % tno

for x in range(5):
  t = threading.Thread(target=do_connect, args=(x,))
  t.start()
=================================================

C:\>python smtp_timeout.py

Thread0: connecting to server: 192.168.1.1
Thread1: connecting to server: 192.168.1.1
Thread2: connecting to server: 192.168.1.1
Thread3: connecting to server: 192.168.1.1
Thread4: connecting to server: 192.168.1.1
Thread0: server timed out
Thread1: server timed out
Thread2: server timed out
Thread4: server timed out
Thread3: server timed out

--
alan kennedy
------------------------------------------------------
email alan:              http://xhaus.com/contact/alan



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 16:17:36 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 13:17:36 -0700
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7979.1152543462.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7872.1152210261.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152528873.886091.232580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7979.1152543462.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152562656.391110.237500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> That's interesting, Ben.  So we'd be better off making a new library
> similiar to Pygame in functionality but designed from the ground up to
> work in a browser.

In open source community, that would be YOU since you are the one with
the need :-). Maybe you can make "Python WebStart".

Running foreign native code from a browser has long been abandoned as a
bad idea since ActiveX spyware proliferation (which BTW, is another way
to package your game as. Although that would effectively restrict it to
IE just like XPCOM would restrict it to Mozilla family). Plus your
users will have to download Python somehow (Python is not as widespread
as Java or Flash on consumer desktops), either as part of the game or
independently. And finally, if PyGame was written in pure Python
without taking advantage of SDL to be fully cross-platform, it would
likely not be fast anymore. It better be a REALLY great game to go with
all these issues :-).

> I guess that XPCOM technology that someone
> mentioned might be the way to go?

It is far simpler to just use Jython and some Java Game library instead
of PyGame if browser delivery is that important to you.



From leo.uaz at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:29:30 2006
From: leo.uaz at gmail.com (Leo)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:29:30 -0700
Subject: doctest + swig example
Message-ID: <1153945770.501234.234180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Could someone please spare a .i file with an example doctest that
works? I tried as follows and it fails:

1) I have an osi.i file that generates osi.py and _osi.so. At the very
end I added:
...
%pythoncode %{
def _test():
    import doctest
    doctest.testfile('testOsi.txt')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    _test()
%}
-----------------------

2) I have a testOsi.txt file, whose contents are taken from the output
that works on the terminal, plus some docstring stuff:
...
>>> import osi
>>> cbc = osi.OsiCbcSolverInterface()
>>> cbc.readMps('stein15.mps') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS, +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Coin0001I At line 15 NAME          STEIN15 ...
Coin0008I STEIN15 read with 0 errors
0
...
------------------------

but the result I get is:
**********************************************************************
File "testOsi.txt", line 15, in testOsi.txt
Failed example:
    cbc.readMps('stein15.mps') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS,
+NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
Exception raised:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/lib/python2.4/doctest.py", line 1243, in __run
        compileflags, 1) in test.globs
      File "<doctest testOsi.txt[2]>", line 1, in ?
        cbc.readMps('stein15.mps') # doctest: +ELLIPSIS,
+NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
      File "/home/leolopes/research/poams/code/swimpy/osi.py", line
144, in readMps
        def readMps(*args): return
_osi.OsiCbcSolverInterface_readMps(*args)
    NotImplementedError: No matching function for overloaded
'OsiCbcSolverInterface_readMps'
**********************************************************************

Thanks!
Leo.



From nick at craig-wood.com  Mon Jul  3 10:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:30:03 -0500
Subject: Problem when import C model
References: <1151919449.671545.191000@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1151919757.675347.213140@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneaia9l.u0g.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> wrote:
>  What you describe makes perfect sense to me.  If python is a 64 bit
>  program, it can only link to 64 bit libraries.  If you compiled your
>  library in 32-bit mode, then the library headers will indicate this,
>  and linux's library loading code will ignore it when loading libraries
>  for 64-bit programs.

32 bit and 64 bit are completely different architectures - you can't
mix and match them in one executable.

The python solution is to use distutils and build a setup.py then you
can compile for each platform easily.

>  I think there' might be a trick that lets you compile ELF files
>  with both 64-bit and 32-bit code, but actually doing so is outside
>  of my expertise.

I don't think so.

You can choose which you compile with.  On 32 bit you'll compile 32
bit by default.  If you want 64 bit choose -m64, eg

echo <<'#END' >z.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    printf("Hello\n");
    return 0;
}
#END
gcc -c -m32 -o z32.o z.c
gcc -c -m64 -o z64.o z.c
file z*.o

gives

z32.o: ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped
z64.o: ELF 64-bit LSB relocatable, AMD x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 12:49:31 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 16:49:31 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Chris Smith wrote:

> Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> 
>>I'm not sure what linear or uniqueness typing is. It's typestate, and if 
>>I remember correctly the papers I read 10 years ago, the folks at 
>>TJWatson that invented Hermes also invented the concept of typestate. 
>>They at least claim to have coined the term.
> 
> Coining the term is one thing, but I feel pretty confident that the idea 
> was not invented in 1986 with the Hermes language, but rather far 
> earlier.

Yes. However, the guys who invented Hermes didn't come up with it out of 
the blue. It was around (in NIL - Network Implementation Language) for 
years beforehand. I read papers about these things in graduate school, 
but I don't know where my photocopies are.

NIL was apparently quite successful, but a niche language, designed by 
IBM for programming IBM routers. Hermes was an attempt years later to 
take the same successful formula and turn it into a general-purpose 
programming system, which failed (I believe) for the same reason that a 
general purpose operating system that can't run C programs will fail.

> Perhaps they may have invented the concept of considering it 
> any different from other applications of types, though.  

 From what I can determine, the authors seem to imply that typestate is 
dataflow analysis modified in (at least) two ways:

1) When control flow joins, the new typestate is the intersection of 
typestates coming into the join, where as dataflow analysis doesn't 
guarantee that. (They imply they think dataflow analysis is allowed to 
say "the variable might or might not be initialized here", while 
typestate would ensure the variable is uninitialized.)

2) The user has control over the typestate, so the user can (for 
exmaple) assert a variable is uninitialized at some point, and by doing 
so, make it so.

How this differs from theoretical lambda types and all I couldn't say.

> What is being named here is the overcoming of a limitation that 
> programming language designers imposed upon themselves, whether from not 
> understanding the theoretical research or not believing it important, I 
> don't know.

I believe there's also a certain level of common-senseness needed to 
make a language even marginally popular. :-)  While it's possible that 
there's really no difference between type and typestate at the 
theoretical level, I think most practical programmers would have trouble 
wrapping their head around that, just as programming in an entirely 
recursive pattern when one is used to looping can be disorienting.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From mcPas.De.Spam at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com  Thu Jul 13 12:48:21 2006
From: mcPas.De.Spam at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com (Michel Claveau)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:48:21 +0200
Subject: WMI Help
References: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <mn.6c687d672f8e52a4.34209@mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com>

Re!

This script run on my XP :


import win32com.client
WMIS = win32com.client.GetObject(r"winmgmts:root\cimv2")
objs = WMIS.ExecQuery("select * from Win32_PhysicalMedia")
for obj in objs:
    print obj.SerialNumber
    print obj.Tag
    print

-- 
@-salutations

Michel Claveau




From theLunpa at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 00:36:25 2006
From: theLunpa at gmail.com (Lunpa)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 21:36:25 -0700
Subject: shoving a [pygame] up your [gtk]!
Message-ID: <1152160584.903720.126480@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

My project:
I'm working on a game, where in the ui, it takes the pygame window, and
shoves it into a gtk2 socket widget.  (gtk2 widgets are generated with
glade, with the exception of the socket widget, which is manualy added
into a window)

My problem:
Since adding the gtk half, it is realy slow.  I can make one or the
other update realy fast, or I can make it so the pygame window/widget
gets a fluctuation in framerate between realy good, then realy bad,
repeat.
I've narrowed down my problem a bit to my events loop.

Here's a simplified version of the events loop:

while True:
    gtk.main_iteration(block=False)
    game_board.clock.tick(75)
    game_board.frame()

game_board is a class defining pygame/opengl code that produces the
pygame window, and a simple game engine (its actualy a place holder
untill I can make it run full speed.  think of something with the
sophistication of the pygame chimp example, or a opengl hello world).
The same unmodified engine (pure pygame/opengl, no gtk2) works fine.

game_board.frame() performs some game logic tasks, and updates the
pygame display.  It also handles some keyboard inputs, but only grabs
the latest one on the pygame stack.


So here's the problem sumary, as far as I can gather:
What I think is happening is that gtk.main_iteration(block=False) works
through every event in the queue untill there aren't any, THEN the
pygame event loop briefly fires, checks one or two events from the
pygame queue, and the loop repeats.
(An intresting varriation to the loop above only allowed
gtk.main_iteration to run when the pygame framerate is above 60... this
resulted in the two taking turns monopolising cpu, heh)

Here's what I think I want to do:
I'm looking for something to the equivalent of processing the one gtk
event (and remove it from it's stack), and then call
game_board.frame(), and have the loop repeate, possibly with some load
balancing to allow multiple gtk events to process if the framerate is
high.  However, this is where I've hit a wall.



So here we go.

If I'm correct in my assumptions, how can I break down gtk.main even
further?

If I'm wrong, advice steering me in the right direction, or a shot in
the head--- both would be appreciated :)



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 11:33:03 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 17:33:03 +0200
Subject: regex module, or don't work as expected
In-Reply-To: <44aa8611$0$7873$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>
References: <44aa670d$0$7872$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>	<pan.2006.07.04.15.03.15.242606@gmx.net>
	<44aa8611$0$7873$6e1ede2f@read.cnntp.org>
Message-ID: <e8e1nb$u4h$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fabian Holler wrote:

> Yes thats right, but that isn't my problem.
> The problem is in the "(?=(iface)|$)" part.

no, the problem is that you're thinking "procedural string matching from 
left to right", but that's not how regular expressions work.

> I have i.e. the text:
> 
> "auto lo eth0
> <MATCH START>iface lo inet loopback
> bla
> blub
> 
> <MATCH END>iface eth0 inet dhcp
>          hostname debian"
> 
> 
> My regex should match the marked text.
> But it matchs the whole text starting from iface.

which is perfectly valid, since a plain "+" is greedy, and you've asked 
for "iface lo" followed by some text followed by *either* end of string 
or another "iface".  the rest of the string is a perfectly valid string.

if you want a non-greedy match, use "+?" instead.

however, if you just want the text between two string literals, it's 
often more efficient to just split the string twice:

     text = text.split("iface lo", 1)[1].split("iface", 1)[0]

</F>



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 21:36:50 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 18:36:50 -0700
Subject: Tkinter problem
References: <kLArg.314$ZD.109@trndny02>
Message-ID: <1152322610.536356.103240@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Jim Anderson wrote:
> I'm running Kubuntu a derivative of Debian Linux. I'm using
> Python 2.4 and tcl/tk 8.4. I'm running Tkinter programs and
> they were running about a month ago. When I tried them again
> yesterday, I got the following message:
>
>  > python ~/prog/python/iodef/iodef.py
>  > Traceback (most recent call last):
>  >   File "/home/jja/prog/python/iodef/iodef.py", line 10, in ?
>  >     import pkgview
>  >   File "/home/jja/prog/python/iodef/lib/pkgview.py", line 3, in ?
>  >     from Tkinter import *
>  >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 38, in ?
>  >     import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured
>  > for Tk
>  > ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so: cannot open
>  > > shared object file: No such file or directory
>
> My environment varibles, like PTYHONPATH and TK_LIBRIARY all look
> correct and the tcl/tk and python librarys are all still in place.
> There is a file '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so'. I'm
> not sure if this is the file not being found, but that is what is
> sounds like.
>
> I did a search on this on the web and got some hits, but none of them
> provide a solution to my problem.
>
> Can anyone help with this problem?
>
> Jim Anderson

Just an idea, but if you're sure that
/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/_tkinter.so exists, check it's
permissions and the permissions of /usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload/

HTH,
~Simon



From mrmakent at cox.net  Tue Jul  4 19:51:29 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 16:51:29 -0700
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
References: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1152057089.455047.42360@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

James Mitchelhill wrote:
> Sorry for the clunky subject line - I have a feeling that not knowing
> the proper terms for this is part of my problem.
>
> I'm trying to write a class that analyses some data. I only want it to
> do as much work as necessary, so it saves method results to a
> dictionary, like so:

The term for this is 'memoization'.  You can find several recipes for
this in the online Python Cookbook; for example, see
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/466320



From rwboley at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 13:44:38 2006
From: rwboley at gmail.com (rwboley)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 10:44:38 -0700
Subject: Advice for Python Reporting Tool
Message-ID: <1152726278.745957.229920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm currently learning my way through Python and in the process
developing a reporting tool for the company I'm working for.

Basically the tool rips through an existing .XML file to grab the
information needed and spits it out in a nicely formated html page that
is easily read by anyone.  This part works great, however I'm finding
myself a bit lost on the next step.

My employers want a graph added to the functionality.  Prior to this,
they have been loading the .XML file into excel and forming a crude
pivot table.  Of the table a nice looking graph is generated.

My question is: how can I make that graphing step easier?  Ideally I'd
like the chart to exist on it's own page, but I have no idea where to
even begin to implement this.  Any thoughts would be appreciated.

Thanks!
Ryan



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul  9 06:16:01 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 12:16:01 +0200
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
Message-ID: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>


I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but 
as I would like to know the history of past file operations from within 
a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was into it 
already and is so kind to share here his experience.

I have put already much efforts into this subject googling around, but 
up to now in vain. Best option I encountered yet is usage of
the Greyware 'System Change Log' service which monitors disks for 
changes (http://www.greyware.com/software/systemchangelog/index.asp), 
but in own tests it turned out, that the created log file does not cover 
all file events as e.g. it is not possible to detect when a file is 
moved to a new directory (creation of a new file is logged, but deletion 
is not, not mentioning I would expect a file 'move' event).
The own Windows logging service rejected to start on my XP SP2 system 
for unknown to me reasons - I don't know how to get it to work (yes, I 
have used the administrator account).

I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000 
or XP it is not possible to track file events as:

- updating/modifying of an existing file/directory	
- deleting an existing file/directory
- creating a new file/directory
- _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the 
event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)

Any hints towards enlightenment?

Claudio Grondi


From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Thu Jul  6 08:08:29 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 12:08:29 GMT
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <1152184604.055720.102940@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Ia6rg.521880$ww7.12757024@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
	<1152184604.055720.102940@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <137rg.521956$o94.12800093@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

manstey schreef:
> Roel Schroeven wrote:
>> manstey schreef:
>>> I often have code like this:
>>>
>>> data='asdfbasdf'
>>> find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
>>> for i in find:
>>>    if i[0] in data:
>>>        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
>>>
>>> is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
>>> increase the speed?
>> I think this is best done with translate() and string.maketrans() (see
>> http://docs.python.org/lib/node110.html#l2h-835 and
>> http://docs.python.org/lib/string-methods.html#l2h-208). An example:

 > But what about substitutions like:
 > 'ab' > 'cd', 'ced' > 'de', etc
 >
 > what is the fastest way then?

Ah, in that case I don't think you can do much better than you already 
did. But I think the if clause doesn't increase the speed; it might even 
decrease it. If you want to know for sure, use timeit to see what's fastest.

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 11:39:47 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 15:39:47 GMT
Subject: trouble understanding super()
Message-ID: <7vpzg.2606$No6.51376@news.tufts.edu>

Here's some code from Python in a Nutshell. The comments are lines from 
a previous example that the calls to super replace in the new example:

class A(object):
     def met(self):
         print 'A.met'

class B(A):
     def met(self):
         print 'B.met'
         # A.met(self)
         super(B, self).met()

class C(A):
     def met(self):
         print 'C.met'
         # A.met(self)
         super(C, self).met()

class D(B, C):
     def met(self):
         print 'D.met'
         # B.met()
         # C.met()
         super(D, self).met()

Then you call D().met()

Now, I understand that the commented code would cause A.met to be called 
twice. But why does the second version (with super) not also do this? I 
guess my problem lies in not understanding exactly what the super 
function returns.

super(D, self).met() seems like it would return something that has to do 
with both B and C, which each in turn return a superobject having to do 
with A, so why isn't A.met called twice still?

Thanks!


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 16:20:37 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:20:37 -0700
Subject: Python Path
In-Reply-To: <1154028263.680155.20970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154028263.680155.20970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154031637.686015.194780@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

In my .basrc file I commented the line of ActivePyton and after reboot
everything is fine now.

I can use Python 2.4.3 even on console and SPE both.

thanks


diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> I have two python 2.4s on my Ubuntu Linux box. One  is Python 2.4.2 and
> other is Python 2.4.3. I use SPE as an IDE for coding. I have written a
> small app in wxPython. If I run it from SPE it just works fine, but if
> I run it from console it gives me import wx eror.
>
> Following is the log which you might find helpful to answer my post.
>
>
> 1) ***When I just type python on console I get following
> user at user:~$ python
> ActivePython 2.4.2 Build 10 (ActiveState Corp.) based on
> Python 2.4.2 (#1, Jan 17 2006, 15:39:23)
> [GCC 2.95.3 20010315 (SuSE)] on linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> >>>
>
> 2) ***AND SPE is using the following version of Python
> Python 2.4.3 (#2, Apr 27 2006, 14:43:58)
> [GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] on linux2
>
>
> 3) ***When I type sys.path on console I get following
> >>> sys.path
> ['', '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python24.zip', '/opt/ActivePython-
> 2.4/lib/python 2.4', '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2',
> '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/ lib/python2.4/lib-tk',
> '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload', '/opt/
> ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/site-packages']
>
> 4) ***When I type sys.path on SPE I get following
> >> sys.path
> ['/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode',
> '/usr/share/spe', '/usr/lib/python24.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.4',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload',
> '/usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/HTMLgen',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Numeric',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PIL',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cairo',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/gst- 0.10',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/gtk-2.0',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode',
> '/usr/lib/site-python', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_spe',
> '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_spe/plugins',
> u'/home/darshan/Desktop/Project']
>
>
> 5) *** on which python I get the following
> which python
> /opt/ActivePython-2.4/bin/python
>
>
> I want to get rid of ActivePython which I happend to install because I
> was trying to Test the IDE by ActiveState and I think this version of
> Python was installed by it.
>
> I am happy using Python 2.4.3 but there is not way I am being able to
> use it on console. 
> 
> 
> Every help is appreciated.
> 
> Thanks



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 21:58:43 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 18:58:43 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152581990.098012.224700@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581990.098012.224700@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152583123.455700.3840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


alimoe wrote:
> I will create a "robot" that crawls over terrain that looks like the
> picture here:
>
> http://pygp.sourceforge.net/index.php3?name=runs

is this a real robot or a computer simulation?



From rocky at panix.com  Sat Jul 22 19:30:08 2006
From: rocky at panix.com (R. Bernstein)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 19:30:08 -0400
Subject: How to use pdb?
References: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<wihzmf39z8e.fsf@panix3.panix.com>
	<1153531225.848251.181150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <wihzmf1xlof.fsf@panix3.panix.com>

tron.thomas at verizon.net writes:

> R. Bernstein wrote:
> > Perhaps what you are looking for is:
> >   python /usr/lib/python2.4/pdb.py Myprogram.py
> 
> I tried this and it did not work.  pdb did not load the file so it
> could be debugged.

lol. Yes, if you are not in the same directory as Myprogram.py you may
have to add be more explicit about where Myprogram.py is. 

Reminds me of the story of the guy who was so lazy that when he got an
award for "laziest person alive" he said, "roll me over and put it in
my back pocket." :-)

Glad you were able to solve your problem though.

For other similarly confused folks I have updated pydb's
documentation (in CVS):

  In contrast to running a program from a shell (or gdb), no path
  searching is performed on the python-script. Therefore python-script
  should be explicit enough (include relative or absolute file paths)
  so that the debugger can read it as a file name. Similarly, the
  location of the Python interpeter used for the script will not
  necessarily be the one specified in the magic field (the first line
  of the file), but will be the Python interpreter that the debugger
  specifies. (In most cases they'll be the same and/or it won't
  matter.)



From vatamane at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 06:41:59 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:41:59 -0700
Subject: BeautifulSoup to get string inner 'p' and 'a' tags
In-Reply-To: <1153734198.020895.269760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153734198.020895.269760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153737719.129698.291440@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Quick-n-dirty way:
After you  get your whole p string: <p class="contentBody">FOO <a
name="f"></a> </p>
Remove any tags delimited by '<' and '>' with a regex. In your short
example you _don't_ show that there might be something between the <a>
and </a> tags so I assume there won't be anything or if there would be
something then you  also want it included in the final text. As in
'<p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f">URLNAME</a> </p>' ==> 'FOO
URLNAME'

For the regex start with something simple like <.*?> and see if it
works then improve it.  Use kiki or kodos - python visual regex
helpers.

Hope this helps,
Nick V.


GinTon wrote:
> I'm trying to get the 'FOO' string but the problem is that inner 'P'
> tag there is another tag, 'a'. So:
>
> > from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
> > s = '<td width="88%" valign="TOP"> <p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p></td>'
> > tree = BeautifulSoup(s)
>
> > print tree.first('p')
> <p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p>
>
> So if I run 'print tree.first('p').string' to get the 'FOO' string it
> shows Null value because it's the 'a' tag:
> 
> > print tree.first('p').string
> Null
> 
> Any solution?



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 13:01:14 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:01:14 -0700
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153933274.585426.267620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

PipedreamerGrey wrote:
> I'm using the script below (originally from http://effbot.org, given to
> me here) to open all of the text files in a directory and its
> subdirectories and combine them into one Rich text
> file (index.rtf).  Now I'm adapting the script to convert all the text
> files into individual html files.  What I can't figure out is how to
> trigger a change in the background value for each folder change (not
> each file), so that text is color-coded by folder.
>
> I have tried to integrate the following snippet into the directory
> walker, so that I could later write it to the file as text: color =
> random.choice(["#990000", "#CCCCCC", "#000099"])
> That method didn't work, does anyone else have a suggestion?
>
>
> #! /usr/bin/python
> import glob
> import fileinput
> import os
> import string
> import sys
>
> index = open("index.rtf", 'w')
>
> class DirectoryWalker:
>     # a forward iterator that traverses a directory tree, and
>     # returns the filename
>
>     def __init__(self, directory):
>         self.stack = [directory]
>         self.files = []
>         self.index = 0
>
>     def __getitem__(self, index):
>         while 1:
>             try:
>                 file = self.files[self.index]
>                 self.index = self.index + 1
>             except IndexError:
>                 # pop next directory from stack
>                 self.directory = self.stack.pop()
>                 self.files = os.listdir(self.directory)
>                 self.index = 0
>             else:
>                 # get a filename, eliminate directories from list
>                 fullname = os.path.join(self.directory, file)
>                 if os.path.isdir(fullname) and not
> os.path.islink(fullname):
>                     self.stack.append(fullname)
>                 else:
>                     return fullname
>
> for file in DirectoryWalker("."):
>     # divide files names into path and extention
>     path, ext = os.path.splitext(file)
>     # choose the extention you would like to see in the list
>     if ext == ".txt":
>         print file
>         file = open(file)
>         fileContent = file.readlines()
>        # just for example, let's say I want to print the color here as
> if in an html tag...
>         index.write(color)
>         for line in fileContent:
>             if not line.startswith("\n"):
>                 index.write(line)
>                 index.write("\n")
>
> index.close()

Add a color attribute to the DirectoryWalker class, change it when you
change directories, return it with the fullname.  Change your for loop
like so:

for color, file in DirectoryWalker("."):
    # ...

I think that should work.

HTH,
~Simon



From crystalattice at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 00:24:01 2006
From: crystalattice at yahoo.com (crystalattice)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:24:01 GMT
Subject: Inheritance error: class Foo has no attribute "bar"
Message-ID: <op.tcemiajxqaun6z@emac.local>

I've finally figured out the basics of OOP; I've created a basic character  
creation class for my game and it works reasonably well. Now that I'm  
trying to build a subclass that has methods to determine the rank of a  
character but I keep getting errors.

I want to "redefine" some attributes from the base class so I can use them  
to help determine the rank. However, I get the error that my base class  
doesn't have the dictionary that I want to use. I've tried several things  
to correct it but they don't work (the base class is called "Character"  
and the subclass is called "Marine"):

*explicitly naming the Marine's attribute self.intel =  
Character.attrib_dict["intel"]
*adding Character.__init__(self) to the Marine's __init__(self) method
*changing the self.intel attribute from referencing the Character's  
dictionary to self (based on the assumption that since Marine is a  
		subset of Character, it should have it's own attrib_dict being created

Nothing seems to work; I still get the error "class Character has no  
attribute "attrib_dict".

I can't see why it's saying this because Character.__init__(self) not only  
has self.attrib_dict = {} but it also calls the setAttribute method  
explicitly for each attribute name. If I do a print out of the dictionary  
just for Character, the attributes are listed.

-- 
Python-based online RPG based on the Colonial Marines from "Aliens" -  
http://www.colonialmarinesrpg.com

Using Opera's revolutionary e-mail client: http://www.opera.com/mail/


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul  7 21:39:57 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 11:39:57 +1000
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <1152320464.352474.125710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44aefcb6$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1152320464.352474.125710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44af0ceb$1@news.eftel.com>

On 8/07/2006 11:01 AM, tac-tics wrote:
> Experimenting, I found that
> 
>>>> x.fun = lambda: fun(x)
> 
> works as well. Any comments on this way?
> 

Appears to work. Less typing for a no-argument method,  but you need to 
specify the argument list *twice* compared with *zero* times with the 
types.MethodType way of doing it.

 >>> x=K()
 >>> x.metho = lambda(a): own(x, a)
 >>> x.metho('abcde')
own
 >>> x.ozz
'abcde'
 >>>


From mxp at dynalabs.de  Mon Jul 17 10:07:57 2006
From: mxp at dynalabs.de (Michael Piotrowski)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 16:07:57 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de> <x6y7uswmjr.fsf@eurus.mag.dynalabs.de>
	<m2fyh0v5ff.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <x6d5c4gw8y.fsf@aix.cs.uni-magdeburg.de>

On 2006-07-17 Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:

>>>> That might be a good heuristic - but on my Mac no LANG is set. So I
>>>> should paraphrase my statement to "There is no reliable and
>>>> cross-platform way figuring out which encoding the console uses".
>
>>> If LANG is not set, it's equivalent to setting it to "C".  However,
>>> you shouldn't look directly at these variables (LANG and LC_*) but
>>> rather use the functions from the locale module, e.g.:
>
>>>   import locale
>>>   locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, '') # use the current locale settings
>>>   encoding = locale.nl_langinfo(locale.CODESET)
>
> But if LANG isn't set (like on Mac OS X) this doesn't give you the proper
> encoding.

Well, yes, but it gives you something "safe" and you can advise the
user to set the locale.

> On my system I have added LANG to .profile.

That's certainly the right thing to do.

-- 
Michael Piotrowski, M.A.                               <mxp at dynalabs.de>
Public key at <http://www.dynalabs.de/mxp/pubkey.txt>


From mirnazim at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:28:46 2006
From: mirnazim at gmail.com (Mir Nazim)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 12:28:46 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <44c6586b$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6586b$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1153855726.235884.273100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> Again, I don't understand. You have 924 things, eliminate some of them,
> and end up with 1060 things? Eliminating elements should decrease
> the number, not increase it.

yes, u are right I had to types of lists:

one one them has 924 permutations and other has 792 making them 1722.
out of which only 1060 are permissible permutations

>
> > Now I ahave a lits with 1060 lists in it. Now comes the hard part.
> > How many possible distinct ways are there to arrange 1060 elements
> > taken 96 at a time
> >
> > 1060! / (1060 - 96)!
>
> Well, this gives you
>
> 3179049214270213494856036082395246272767603703117029227219760559555570970143122666905356954926552940841376332310832740817342891028120773779767941521978678527871167070887214646849981846725146620998653633794832176123350796907123110479415043912870243292225353946234880000000000000000000000000
>
> lists. Assuming you have a 4GHz machine, and assuming you can
> process one element per processor cycle (which you can't in
> any programming language), you would still need
>
> 25201747322664680800165176959627459671229735089398062747493028281611261495934191613595232075457833435132676404036916070660062238617142105686897050370835541348547430483314423570284610022871849798632147655019915145574508473705630949386534784951089574551507435520000000000000
>
> years to process them all. Even if you had 10000000000
> computers (i.e. one per human being on the planet), you
> still need ... you get the idea.
>

I under stand all these calculations.

> > Now out of these i need to test only those lists whose sum of
> > elements(18 or 19) follows a particular pattern.
>
> To succeed, you must take this condition into account.
> What is the particular pattern?
>

here is the pattern:

If
A = 18
B = 19

    ONLY POSSIBLE Sequence of A, B type rows is as follows
    A B A A B A B A A B A A B A A B A B A A B A A B A B A A B A
(REPEATING after this)

I need only thos permutations that follow this pattern. After that I
need to look of a few groupings of elements. like:

     (2, 2) = 61 occurs times
     (1, 1) = 54 occurs times
     (2, 2, 2) = 29 occurs times
     (1, 1, 1) = 13 occurs times

and so on. I am looking for the 96 row matrix that satisfies these
groupings.



From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 11:17:37 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 08:17:37 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7822.1152129563.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152127653.676307.192170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7822.1152129563.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152285457.354047.298830@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thank you very much, Fredrik.  Your code and suggestion worked
perfectly.  I haven't benchmarked the plain HTTP post vs Binary
wrapper, but strangely even using the naive Binary wrapper in Python
sends files much faster than how Java + Axis wraps byte arrays in SOAP
messages.

Jeremy



From http  Wed Jul 26 19:17:31 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:17:31 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153948870.175986.79580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xpsfs2bxw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com writes:
> > Have you looked at POSH yet?   http://poshmodule.sf.net
> 
> Paul, have you used POSH? Does it work well? Any major gotchas?

I haven't used it.  I've been wanting to try.  I've heard it works ok
in Linux but I've heard of problems with it under Solaris.

Now that I understand what the OP is trying to do, I think POSH is
overkill, and just using pipes or sockets is fine.  If he really wants
to use shared memory, hmmm, there used to be an shm module at

 http://mambo.peabody.jhu.edu/omr/omi/source/shm_source/shm.html

but that site now hangs (and it's not on archive.org), and Python's
built-in mmap module doesn't support any type of locks.  

I downloaded the above shm module quite a while ago, so if I can find
it I might upload it to my own site.  It was a straightforward
interface to the Sys V shm calls (also *nix-only, I guess).  I guess
he also could use mmap with no locks, but with separate memory regions
for reading and writing in each subprocess, using polling loops.  I
sort of remember Apache's mod_mmap doing something like that if it has
to.

To really go off the deep end, there are a few different MPI libraries
with Python interfaces.

> I looked at the paper... well, not all 200+ pages, but I checked
> how they handle a couple parts that I thought hard and they
> seem to have good ideas.

200 pages??  The paper I read was fairly short, and I looked at the
code (not too carefully) and it seemed fairly straightforward.  Maybe
I missed something, or am not remembering; it's been a while.

> I didn't find the SourceForge project
> so promising. The status is alpha, the ToDo's are a little scary,
> and project looks stalled.  Also it's *nix only.

Yeah, using it for anything serious would involve being willing to fix
problems with it as they came up.  But I think the delicate parts of
it are parts that aren't that important, so I'd just avoid using
those.  


From alien at ath.forthnet.gr  Sun Jul  9 22:02:53 2006
From: alien at ath.forthnet.gr (IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 05:02:53 +0300
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152496959.567542@athnrd02>

I guess it's better to wait for the for dummies book. 
I should focus instead in taking the LPIC-2 exams in September.
Ioannis


From frank at chagford.com  Wed Jul 19 08:41:24 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:41:24 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153312884.012873.65370@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Simon Hibbs wrote:
> Frank Millman wrote:
>
> > Try self.PlantCtrl.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl)
>
> And Voila! It works. Many, many thanks.
>

My pleasure

> Any idea what is going on?

I only understand it in simple terms, though it can get complex. Here
is my simple explanation.

Events are received by objects. There are default event handlers that
are called to deal with the events. If you want your own event handler
to be called, you use Bind(), which brings together three elements -
the window receiving the event (in wxPython, all objects derive from
wx.Window), the event itself, and the event handler to be called.

In pseudo code, you call Bind() like this -

    w = the window receiving the event
    e = the event
    h = the handler to be called

    w.Bind(e,h)

You bound EVT_KILL_FOCUS to self, which I assume in your case is a
panel, but the panel does not receive the KILL_FOCUS event, the text
control does.

For more information, type help(wx.Window.Bind) at the interpreter
prompt.

If you want an authoritative answer, post a question to the wxPython
mailing list. Robin Dunn, the creator of wxPython and the resident
guru, is always happy to explain in detail exactly what is going on.
You can also get Robin's book, wxPython In Action.

Frank



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 18 02:42:40 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 07:42:40 +0100
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9hvt6$4q7$1@sea.gmane.org>

tac-tics wrote:
> dwelch91 wrote:
> 
>>tac-tics wrote:
>>
>>>I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
>>>live dedicated boolean data types.
>>>
>>
>>Uh, no, empty lists are False in a boolean context:
>>
>>http://docs.python.org/lib/truth.html
>>
>>-Don
> 
> 
> Perhaps I should have specified it like this:
> 
> 
>>>>empty_list = []
>>>>empty_list is not False
> 
> True
> 
> I'm well aware that both of these snippets does the same thing. I'm
> just spouting my opinion that lists and integers are not tests, and in
> an ideal world (Java??? X-) if statements support only boolean types.
> 
> DISCLAIMER: I do not promote the use of Java.
> 
You don't promote use of Python either if you deliberately ignore 
programming paradigms that have stood the test of time. Under what set 
of rules could it make sense to test a list for equality with a Boolean 
value (note also that capital "B": the word is based on someone's name).

The

   if lst:

metaphor is so well established as a means of guarding statements that 
should be executed only when there are elements in the list (or other 
container, come to that), promoting any other way to perform the test 
will only lead to confusion: there should be one (and preferably only 
one) obvious way to do it.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From stephane_bard at tele2.fr  Mon Jul 17 15:11:06 2006
From: stephane_bard at tele2.fr (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?st=E9phane_bard?=)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 21:11:06 +0200
Subject: using capicom with python
Message-ID: <GhRug.185$kp.199@nntpserver.swip.net>

Hi all,
Has anyone ever used Python to work with Certificate Services in
Windows? I'm trying to capicom dll with pywin32.


I've found some reference about python and capicom in
this mail archive
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-win32/2006-March.txt

but nothing really helpfull.
I try to use windll from ctypes module


 >> windll.load(

but don't get access to capicom.

any idea ?

-> stephane


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Fri Jul  7 20:42:41 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 10:42:41 +1000
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<mailman.7908.1152295031.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.08.00.42.38.410068@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:57:02 +0200, Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> 
>> Personally, I would never use eval on any string I didn't write myself. If
>> I was thinking about evaluating a user-string, I would always write a
>> function to parse the string and accept only the specific sort of data I
>> expected. In your case, a quick-and-dirty untested function might be:
> 
> for a more robust approach, you can use Python's tokenizer module, 
> together with the iterator-based approach described here:
> 
>      http://online.effbot.org/2005_11_01_archive.htm#simple-parser-1
> 
> here's a (tested!) variant that handles lists and dictionaries as well:
[snip code]

Thanks Fredrik, that's grand.



-- 
Steven.



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul 14 23:46:46 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 23:46:46 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <e99of6$a0u$1@sea.gmane.org>

The problem with understanding augmented assignment is that  it directs the 
compiler and interpreter to do one or maybe two mostly invisible 
optimizations.  To me, the effective meaning of 'evalutating once versus 
twice' is most easily seen in the byte code generated by what is, remember, 
the reference implementation.  What it does is what the 
less-than-super-clear doc means.

I posted the difference for one expression after looking at three other 
pairs.  It is easy to examine such pairs in IDLE and, I presume, in other 
IDEs.

Terry Jan Reedy





From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 01:23:24 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 30 Jun 2006 22:23:24 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151731404.400513.277050@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> never used perl, but i have an issue trying to resolve some html that
> appears to be "dirty/malformed" regarding the overall structure. in
> researching validators, i came across the beautifulsoup app and wanted to
> know if anybody could give me pros/cons of the app as it relates to any of
> the other validation apps...
>
> the issue i'm facing involves parsing some websites, so i'm trying to
> extract information based on the DOM/XPath functions.. i'm using perl to
> handle the extraction....

1.) XPath is not a good idea at all with "malformed" HTML or perhaps
web pages in general.
2.) BeautifulSoup is not a validator but works well with bad HTML. Also
look at Mechanize and ClientForm.
3.) XMLStarlet is a good XML validator
(http://xmlstar.sourceforge.net/). It's not Python but you don't need
to care about the language it is written in.
4.) For a simple HTML validator, Just use http://validator.w3.org/



From satyakiranl at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 05:13:51 2006
From: satyakiranl at gmail.com (Satya Kiran)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 05:13:51 -0400
Subject: Python proficiency test
In-Reply-To: <mh6YlgB2UywEFwNc@hiredatum.demon.co.uk>
References: <4h2wg.31$NX2.28@newsreading01.news.tds.net>
	<44c2c2a7$0$1205$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<mh6YlgB2UywEFwNc@hiredatum.demon.co.uk>
Message-ID: <6f4842a0607230213of02ea07wa460eda5e8e28c24@mail.gmail.com>

I managed to take the test,though not it's entirety.
I am still far being proficient in Python,but I really liked the
thought-provoking questions in there.
thanks so much.


Kiran Satya


On 7/23/06, Ian Parker <parker at hiredatum.demon.co.uk> wrote:
> In message <44c2c2a7$0$1205$afc38c87 at news.optusnet.com.au>, Richard
> Jones <richardjones at optushome.com.au> writes
> >Kent Johnson wrote:
> >> I recently helped create an on-line Python proficiency test. The
> >> publisher of the test is looking for beta testers to try the test and
> >> give feedback. If you are interested, here is an announcement from the
> >> publisher:
> >
> >Had a look. In between my browser blocking a popup on every page and the
> >registration asking far more details that I felt necessary, I stopped
> >before looking at the actual test.
> >
> >
> >    Richard
> >
>
> Likewise, I wanted to see a sample test (for any subject) but couldn't
> do that without a long-winded registration procedure.
>
> Regards
>
> Ian
> --
> Ian Parker
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 18 09:14:20 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:14:20 +0100
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9imrh$d3n$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> arsl89 wrote:
> 
>>hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
>>plz snd me the backup of python
>>
> 
> Welcome to my bozo-list.
> 
Note how the OP even abbreviates "arsehole" to "arsl" :-)

regards
  Steve

(to the original poster: sorry about all this humour at your expense. 
Just go to www.python.org, click on the "downloads" link, and download 
and run an appropriate installer. Probably the Windoze one).
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:55:02 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:55:02 -0700
Subject: PDF with nonLatin-1 characters
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8085.1152722262.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8085.1152722262.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152723302.069639.214040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

victor,

Have you tried Reportlab ( http://www.reportlab.org/rl_toolkit.html )?
That sounds like what you might need.

-Nick Vatamaniuc

victor wrote:
> I want to generate a report and the PDF fits perfectly. Though there is
> an issue of using different encoding in the doc. I tried PyPS with no
> success. I need a lib that can make PDFs with an arbitrary set of fonts
> (possibly embed them into the document). What would you suggest?



From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 15:27:33 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 12:27:33 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152127653.676307.192170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

>What server are you using?

Just SimpleXMLRPCServer from the standard library.



From schronos at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 04:40:24 2006
From: schronos at yahoo.com (Schronos)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:40:24 -0700
Subject: Connecting to internet under proxy
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8468.1153756553.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153752536.536091.36420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8468.1153756553.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154076024.256912.311810@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I don't know where is the problem, but I tried the same that you put
and it failed.

I tested it under cygwin, a cmd, linux with 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 python
version. I think taht the problem is my corporate proxy. In this
sentences we use always a http proxy, but perhaps is not the suitable
kind of proxy. :-( I don't know, it is only an idea, 'cause in my other
programs I always use an http proxy and it work properly.

thank's for all.

 Chema.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul  8 03:59:26 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 09:59:26 +0200
Subject: some questions on how to study the bittorent.
References: <1152343601.736864.192460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.08.07.59.25.735557@gmx.net>

In <1152343601.736864.192460 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, Moore Liu
wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> I am very interesting in the detailed implement of bittorrent and have
> read some p2p protocol document, but I want to know more of the
> technique implementation. It's time-consuming to reverse-engineering
> the code to understand the design intention of it. So my question is:
> 
> Is there any well written "Design document" we can find, which descibe
> the detail technical in the code. For example: the seed format, the
> algorithm of how to divide the files into blocks, how to schdule
> threads, how to decide which part of the file should be receive first,
> the credit system(something like that in the eMule), and so on...

You can start with the `protocol description`_ on the BitTorrent website
and the `BitTorrent Economics Paper`_.

.. _protocol description: http://www.bittorrent.org/protocol.html
.. _BitTorrent Economics Paper:
   http://www.bittorrent.com/bittorrentecon.pdf

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From email at christoph-haas.de  Sat Jul  1 15:02:20 2006
From: email at christoph-haas.de (Christoph Haas)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 21:02:20 +0200
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
Message-ID: <20060701190220.GA28339@workaround.org>

Hi...

I encountered a problem that - according to my google search - other
people have found, too. Example code:

import sys
for line in sys.stdin:
   print line

Running this code in Python 2.3 or 2.4 has the problem that I need to
send two EOFs (Ctrl-D) to break out of that loop.

Use case is a piped Python script that I run as a "CustomLog" pipe for
an Apache web server. I want to run all the log output through that pipe
but haven't had much luck. First it takes ages until the script
processes the input (even though I ran Python with "-u" to make it
unbuffered) and then the script needs one EOF to do something with the
input and a second EOF to break out of the loop.

Is this a bug? I'm close to write a Perl script for this case. :(

Regards
 Christoph


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 09:22:09 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:22:09 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44c9e518$0$5496$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c9e518$0$5496$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154092929.117917.267800@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> > Actually Bruno,  don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
> > Python comes at the expense of "security" is simply due to the fact
> > that the syntax of "screw up" is exactly the same as the syntax of "I
> > mean it this way and I do want it"?
>
> (patient) Doctor, it hurts when I do this...
> (doctor) Then don't do it.
>
> !-)

Yeah, I know... but the thing is that it's easy to "do it". Say in C++,
you can rebind the method of a class to another function if you want
to, you can muck around with the vtable and stuff, but you've gotta do
something different than, say, a normal assignment.

>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 25 16:10:58 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:10:58 -0500
Subject: Missing rotor module
In-Reply-To: <1153855346.385380.320400@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.25.14.41.56.773641@yahoo.fr>
	<1153855346.385380.320400@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17606.31442.169957.617688@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Nick> I still don't know why it was ever included in Python.

It was another time and place altogether than the world we live in today.
Python was a much smaller language and had a much smaller following.
Concerns about security were minimal (relative to today anyway).

Skip


From rhymes at myself.com  Mon Jul 10 08:24:48 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:24:48 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hi9jvi.a02vk41i1xzq4N%rhymes@myself.com>

mystilleef <mystilleef at gmail.com> wrote:

> What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters.

Using public members and turning them into properties when needed

> I've
> heard
> people say the use of accessors is not Pythonic. But why? 

Because there's no need to have them everywhere

> But now my code base is expanding and I'm beginning to appreciate the
> wisdom behind them. I welcome example code and illustrations.

Search for "python property"

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul  4 19:52:31 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 09:52:31 +1000
Subject: fonction in python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44aaff3c$1@news.eftel.com>

On 4/07/2006 8:06 PM, aliassaf wrote:
> Hello, 
>   
> If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
> going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.   
> 
> But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
> it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
> hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
> that f (t)!!! 

Please pardon me for introducing Python-related subject matter into a 
thread devoted to curve-fitting :-)

Consider the following:

|>> [x ^ 2 for x in range(10)]
[2, 3, 0, 1, 6, 7, 4, 5, 10, 11]

Not what you wanted? Try this:

|>> [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]
[0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

Cheers,
John



From slomojo83 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 01:53:57 2006
From: slomojo83 at gmail.com (Josiah Manson)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 22:53:57 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153545631.898371.265950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153545631.898371.265950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153547636.945964.172020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I just did some timings, and found that using a list instead of a
string for tok is significantly slower (it takes 1.5x longer). Using a
regex is slightly faster for long strings, and slightly slower for
short ones. So, regex wins in both berevity and speed!



From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 21 01:48:53 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 07:48:53 +0200
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
References: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>

Casey Hawthorne wrote:

> Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
> expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
> 
> The and-or conditional expression trick from page 41 of "Dive into
> Python"
> 
> Wrap the arguments in lists and then take the first element.
> 
>>>> a = ""
>>>> b = "second"
>>>> (1 and [a] or [b])[0]
> ''

# python 2.5
>>> a, b = "", 0
>>> a if False else b
0
>>> a if True else b
''

Time to tear out that page. Really.

Peter


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 12:19:15 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 09:19:15 -0700
Subject: Client Server Connection Program
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7776.1152029409.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152028537.213508.32330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7776.1152029409.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152029954.830237.115990@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

removing int frrom host = int(sys.argv[1])  fixed the problem. Thanks
Fred!!!

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > #/ usr/bin/env python
> > # filename: tmc.py (CLIENT)
> >
> > import socket
> > import sys
> >
> > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> >
> > host = int(sys.argv[1])
> > port = int(sys.argv[2])
>
> the port number is an integer, but the host name/ip is obviously not an
> integer -- so why are you trying to convert it an integer ?
>
> > s.connect((host,port))
> > s.send(sys.argv[3])
> > i = 0
> > while True:
> >     data = s.recv(1000000)
> >     i+=1
> >     if (i<5):
> >         print data
> >     if not data:
> >         break
> >     print 'received', len(data), 'bytes'
> > s.close()
> >
> >
> > Server is installed on machine 192.168.1.4 and Client is 192.168.1.2
> >
> >
> > When I start server and the server is listening I start the clinet.
> >
> > I started Client using ........
> >
> > python tmc.py 192.168.1.4 2000 abcxyz
> >
> > where 2000 is the port number  and abcxyz is the string I pass to
> > server, I get the following error...
> >
> > ValueError: invalid literal for int(): 192.168.1.4
> >
> > How can I fix this ?
>
> by reading the *entire* trackback, and looking at the line it tells you
> to look at, before you post.
> 
> </F>



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul  6 13:16:53 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 19:16:53 +0200
Subject: web app breakage with utf-8
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.06.16.35.04.509187@msnnotaol.com>
Message-ID: <44ad458a$0$26268$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

elmo wrote:
> Hello, after two days of failed efforts and googling, I thought I had
> better seek advice or observations from the experts. I would be grateful
> for any input.
> 
> We have various small internal web applications that use utf-8 pages for
> storing, searching and retrieving user input. They have worked fine for
> years with non ASCII values, including Russian, Greek and lots of accented
> characters. They still do on an old version of python (2.2.1), and there's
> nothing in the code to decode/encode the input, it's *just worked*.
> 
> Recently however, while testing on a dev machine, I notice that any
> characters outside ASCII are causing SQL statement usage to break with
> UnicodeDecodeError exceptions with newer versions of python (2.3 and 2.4).
> There are a number of threads online, suggesting converting to unicode
> types, and similar themes, but I'm having no success. I am probably
> completely misunderstaning something fundamental. :-( 
> 
> My first question is did something change for normal byte stream usage
> making it more strict? I'm surprised there aren't more problems
> like this online.
> 
> Is there a correct way to handle text input from a <FORM> when the page is
> utf-8 and that input is going to be used in SQL statements? I've tried
> things like (with no success): 
> sql = u"select * from blah where col='%s'" % input

What about " ... % unicode(input, "UTF-8")" ?


> Doing sql = sql.decode('latin1') prior to execution prevents the
> some UnicodeDecodeError exceptions, but the data retrieved from the tables
> is no longer usable, causing breakage when being used to create the output
> for the browser.
> 
> I really am at a loss for what is going wrong, when everything works fine
> on crusty old 2.2.1. What are others doing for caputre, store, and output
> for web utf-8?

You didn't tell us what database you are using, which encoding your database
uses, which Python-DB interface library you deploy, and lots of other things
that might be helpful to solve your problem.

Stefan


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 06:56:19 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:56:19 +0200
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org><e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com>
	<44b424d4$1@news.eftel.com> <e919np0jo2@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <e92kgj$jdj$1@sea.gmane.org>

"3c273" wrote:

> Doh! Me thinks Windows at work "python /?" (No good!)

that was supposed to be fixed in 2.5, but it doesn't seem to have made it into
beta 2.  hmm.

</F> 





From bugnthecode at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 20:44:51 2006
From: bugnthecode at gmail.com (bugnthecode)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 17:44:51 -0700
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153700372.407953.226990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Tim, and John for your quick responses!

Tim, I tested your function and it works! Though I don't completely
understand how. Could you possibly explain this?

John, I test your "MEDUIM_WAY"and it works as well. How is it that
putting the string together this way translates into a hex value to be
transmitted to the serial port? When I manually tried to put a string
together I couldn't get this to happen. I was trying:

controlString = '!SC' + '\\' + ch.__str__() + '\\' + rate.__str__()
...etc

also I noticed you added another line to the code which appears to
split the low and high bytes for me? If so thanks! Could you also offer
an explanation on how this works. I tried a google search and couldn't
get a decent explanation. I implemented this a little differently as
you can see in my Position class. Could you possibly offer any info on
the benefits/drawbacks of the different methods?

Thanks again to both of you for your quick responses and help.

Will

import serial
import types

class Position:
    def __init__(self, num):
        """Takes the position as an int, and splits the low and high
bytes

        into instance members."""
        self.lowByte = num & 0x00FF
        self.highByte = (num & 0xFF00) >> 8

    def __str__(self):
        """Mainly for debugging purposes. Allows meaningful output when
printed"""
        return 'Low: ' + self.lowByte.__str__() + '\nHigh: ' +
self.highByte.__str__()

def makeString(a):
    """Takes in  a list, and intelligentlly smashes everything
together.

    Outputs everything as a hex string.
    Posted by: Tim Chase on comp.lang.python"""
    return ''.join([type(x) != types.IntType and
    str(x) or chr(x) for x in a])

def getVer(localpsc):
    """Gets the version from the PSC. Mainly just to verify a
connection"""

    localpsc.write('!SCVER?\r')
    localpsc.read(8) #Discard the echo!
    s = localpsc.read(3)
    print s

def moveServo(localpsc, ch, rate, position):
    """Takes in a serial object, the desired channel, the ramp rate,
and
    the desired position of ther servo. Moves the servo to the desired
postion."""

    #localpsc.write('!SC', ch, rate, position.low, position.high, '\r')
    #controlString = makeString(['!SC', ch, rate, position.lowByte,
position.highByte, '\r'])
    #localpsc.write(controlString)
    #localpsc.flushInput() #discard the echo!

    """Following line from John Machin"""
    controlString = "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (ch, rate, position.lowByte,
position.highByte)
    localpsc.write(controlString)

psc = serial.Serial(1, 2400)

mypos = Position(2500)

moveServo(psc, 0, 5, mypos)
psc.close()



From rune.strand at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:30:07 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:30:07 -0700
Subject: Module for creating a screenshot of a web page given a URL?
References: <1152129798.085736.144430@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152131406.993573.95650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

dananrg at yahoo.com wrote:
> Is there a Python module that, given a URL, will grab a screenshot of
> the web page it goes to? I'd like to be able to feed such a module a
> list of URLs from a file.
>
> Thanks very much.

Not as I know of, but it's easy to write

Something like this quasi-code:

import time,webbrowser
from PIL import ImageGrab

list_of_urls = [''http://www.google.com', 'http://www.egg.net']

for url in list_of_urls:
     webbrowser.open(url)
     time.sleep(5)  # wait for it to load
     screen = ImageGrab.grab(coords etc)
     screen.save(some_name_in_some_path)

Untestetd, but I'm pretty sure something like this will do.
If you need more control, and on windows, try pywinauto



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Tue Jul 11 16:05:54 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:05:54 -0500
Subject: hash of hashes
In-Reply-To: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152646733.156556.190950@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B404A2.2000701@tim.thechases.com>

> how do i create a hash of hash similar to perl using dict in python
> $x{$y}{z}=$z

Pretty much the same as in perl, only minus half the crazy abuses 
of the ASCII character-set.

Okay...well, not quite half the abuses in this case...

 >>> x = {}
 >>> y = 42
 >>> z = 'foonting turlingdromes'
 >>> x[y] = {}
 >>> x[y][z] = 'crinkly bindlewurdles'

Or, if you want to do it in a single pass:

 >>> x = {y:{z:'crinkly bindlewurdles'}}
 >>> x
{42: {'foonting turlingdromes': 'crinkly bindlewurdles'}}


-tkc






From mrmakent at cox.net  Thu Jul 27 16:41:32 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:41:32 -0700
Subject: Process files in order
References: <mailman.8632.1154030096.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154032892.453349.71100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

How about using os.listdir to build a list of filenames, then sorting
them by modification time (via os.stat)?



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 16:34:10 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:34:10 -0500
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8rp7r$o62$1@sea.gmane.org>

Sheldon wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I am trying to build a large array using concatenate function in
> python.
> So as I loop over the number of arrays, of which there are 12 (4 down
> and 3 across), I create 3 long arrays by concatenating them at the
> bottom and then concatenating them side by side:

[snip]

> print 'Max lat', max(max(ppslat_all)), '\t','Min lat',
> min(min(ppslat_all))
> print 'Max lon', max(max(ppslon_all)), '\t','Min lon',
> min(min(ppslon_all))
> 
> *****************
> Now this works, the array size is correct but the longitude values
> given for max and min are wrong. What is even stranger to me is that
> when I write the array in binary format to a file and read it with
> Matlab, the max and min are correct but when I read it back with python
> the max and min are again incorrect for only the longitude data. I
> saved the max and min for the longitude for each array and then check
> it in the python program and they are correct at the end but the
> max(max(ppslon)) values is incorrect.  Does anyone knows why this is
> so?
> If I was doing something wrong then Matlab would not have returned
> correct values.

Don't use min() and max() on multidimensional arrays. They won't give sensible 
answers.


In [11]: a = RA.random([3,5])

In [12]: a
Out[12]:
array([[ 0.01721657,  0.64291363,  0.33210659,  0.89887972,  0.24437849],
        [ 0.88205348,  0.00839329,  0.35999039,  0.9966411 ,  0.54957126],
        [ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076]])

In [13]: min(a)
Out[13]: array([ 0.59983864,  0.18983323,  0.13727718,  0.8987289 ,  0.05425076])


The builtin min() and max() compare the values in the sequence. In this case, 
those values are the rows of the arrays. Numeric uses rich comparisons, so the 
result of a comparison is a boolean array. Numeric also has the convention that 
if any of the elements of an array are considered to be True, then the whole 
array is.


In [16]: a[1] < a[2]
Out[16]: array([0, 1, 0, 0, 0])

In [17]: bool(_)
Out[17]: True

In [18]: a[2] < a[1]
Out[18]: array([1, 0, 1, 1, 1])

In [19]: bool(_)
Out[19]: True


This makes min(a) incorrect when len(a.shape) > 1. Instead, use the minimum and 
maximum ufuncs provided with Numeric:


In [21]: N.minimum.reduce(a.flat)
Out[21]: 0.0083932917161983426

In [22]: N.maximum.reduce(a.flat)
Out[22]: 0.99664110397663608


-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 12:56:58 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 09:56:58 -0700
Subject: Classes and global statements
In-Reply-To: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151945818.831779.170380@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Sheldon wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a series of classes that are all within the same file. Each is
> called at different times by the main script. Now I have discovered
> that I need several variables returned to the main script. Simple,
> right? I thought so and simply returned the variables in a tuple:
> (a,b,c,d,e) = obj.method()
> Now I keep getting this error: "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size"
>

You're likely getting that error because the method() call is returning
more or less than 5 values..  Try something like this to check:

results = obj.method()
print results
a, b, c, d, e = results

That way you'll be able to see exactly what the method is returning.

>
>  I think this is because I am trying to return some Numeric arrays as
> well as list and I didn't declare these prior to calling the class
> method. The problem is that some of these arrays are set within the
> class and cannot be set in the calling script. I removed these arrays
> and tried it again and still I get this error. So I have another idea:
>
> I have one class that sets a bunch of varibles like this:
> myclass:
>   def __init__(self,var1,var2,var3):
>          self.var1 = var1
>          self.var2 = var2
>          .
>          .
>          .
>          etc.
> Then I use the following script to make these variable global:
>
> global main
> main = myclass(var1,var2,var3)

In this case, where the main var is being set at the "module level",
you needn't use the global statement.  If I understand it correctly,
global is for use inside functions and methods to indicate that a
variable is being reused from the outer "global" scope, rather than
being temporarily "shadowed" by a var of the same name local to the
function or method.

> I am thinking that I should be able to "insert" other variable into
> this main from within other classes like this:
>
> otherclass:
>  def __init__(self,a,b,c,d):
>        self.a = a..... etc.
>  def somemethod(self):
>        self.newvar = ........
>        main.newvar = self.newvar
>        return self.a
> ****************************************
> This looks wierd but I am wondering if it will work? This would be a
> wonderful way to store variables that will be needed later instead of
> passing them back and forth.

You *can* use an object as a convenient, if unusual, storage place for
variables because you can assign to attributes after object
instantiation

>>> class foo: pass
...
>>> bar = foo()
>>> bar.a = 23
>>> bar.b = 'Hi there'
>>> dir(bar)
['__doc__', '__module__', 'a', 'b']
>>> bar.__dict__
{'a': 23, 'b': 'Hi there'}

There's nothing really wrong with this, it's like using a dict except
that you can access variables using the attribute notation  obj.var

But keep in mind, if you're already passing around your 'main' object,
then you already know how to use and pass around any other object.


> After trying this it did work! My question is why? Another way to solve
> this problem is to make the variable I need global in the class that
> they are created. Does anyone have a better way in mind?

I'm not sure, but I think there's no such thing as "global to a class",
 although you can make class attributes just like for objects.  There
are some complexities to doing this though so you should probably stick
to instance objects rather than mucking about with class attributes..

HTH,
~Simon



From cdsmith at twu.net  Sun Jul 16 19:19:21 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 17:19:21 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
	<Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>
	<d1Ctg.313440$8W1.311974@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f247767eefec77e989690@news.altopia.net>

David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
> > If checked by execution, yes.  In which case, I am trying to get my head 
> > around how it's any more true to say that functional languages are 
> > compilable postconditions than to say the same of imperative languages.
> 
> A postcondition must, by definition [*], be a (pure) assertion about the
> values that relevant variables will take after the execution of a subprogram.

Okay, my objection was misplaced, then, as I misunderstood the original 
statement.  I had understood it to mean that programs written in pure 
functional languages carry no additional information except for their 
postconditions.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From nospam at nospam.com  Thu Jul 13 17:21:50 2006
From: nospam at nospam.com (3c273)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:21:50 -0700
Subject: WMI Help
References: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
	<mailman.8145.1152819606.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e96dhg01fdc@enews2.newsguy.com>

"Tim Golden" <mail at timgolden.me.uk> wrote in message
news:mailman.8145.1152819606.27775.python-list at python.org...
> 3c273 wrote:
> > Hello,
> > When I run the following at an interactive interpreter on Windows XP, I
get
> > the expected results. But if I save it to a file and run it, it
generates
> > the following error. (And it generates the same error either way on
Windows
> > 2000)
> >
> > import wmi
> > c=wmi.WMI()
> > for item in c.win32_PhysicalMedia():
> >     print item
>
> A couple of things:
>
> + As someone else has pointed out, Win32_PhysicalMedia
> appears to be new to XP/2k3. (This happens quite a lot
> with WMI classes; you need to check the small-print).
> So that explains why it won't work on  your Win2K box
> nor on mine.
>
> + In addition, the bit after the "c." (here, Win32_PhysicalMedia)
> is case-sensitive. So you have to put c.Win32_PhysicalMedia
> (notice the capital "W"). I'm not actually sure why this should
> be, and when I get a moment I'll take a look at the code to
> see, but it's true nonetheless.
>
> Under the covers, the module is doing exactly what
> Michel showed you in his second post (WMIS = GetObject etc.)
>
>  > Strange that this does not return the serial number
>  > reported by other hardware utilities (SIW for one) and on both of my
>  > machines this number ends with 202020202020202020202020???
>
> Strange indeed. Unfortunately, what you see is what you get
> with WMI. I don't have access to an XP machine to test, but
> let me know if this code doesn't work:
>
> <code>
> import wmi
> c = wmi.WMI ()
> for item in c.Win32_PhysicalMedia ():
>    print item
>
> </code>
>
> Good luck with WMI
>
> TJG

Thanks for your input. Strangely enough, it now works whether the Win32 is
captalized or not??? I must have had a typo in there somewhere. Thanks
again.
Louis




From cdecarlo at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 18:50:37 2006
From: cdecarlo at gmail.com (cdecarlo)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 15:50:37 -0700
Subject: Regular Expression problem
In-Reply-To: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152831036.983620.163770@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hey,

I'm new with regex's as well but here is my idea. Since you don't know
which attribute will come first why don't structure your regex like
this

(first off, I'll assume that \s == ' ', actually now that I think of
it, isn't \s any whitespace character? anyways \s == ' ' for now)

'<link\s*((\s*attribute1\s*)|(\s*attribute2\s*)|(\s*attribute3\s*))+>'

I think that should just about do it.

Hope this helped,

Colin

John Blogger wrote:
> (I don't know if it is the right place. So if I am wrong, please point
> me the right direction.
> If this post is read by you masters, I'm honoured. If I am getting a
> mere response, I'm blessed!)
>
> Hi,
>
> I'm a newbie regular expression user. I use regex in my Python
> programs.  I have a strange
>
> (sometimes not strange, but please bear in mind;  I'm a newbie  ;)
> problem using regex. That I want
>
> a particular tag value of one of my HTML files.
>
> ie: I want only the value after 'href=' in the tag >>
>
> '<link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">'
>
> here it would be 'mystylesheet.css'. I used the following regex to get
> this value(I dont know if it
>
> is good).
>
> _"<link\s+href=["]?(.*?)["]?\s+rel=["]?stylesheet["]?\s+type=["]?text/css["]?>"_
> I thought I was doing fine until I got stuck by this tag >>
>
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same
> tag but with 'href=' part
>
> at a different place. I think you got the point!
>
> So What should I do to get the exact value(here the value after
> 'href=') in any case even if the
>
> tags are like these? >>
>
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">



From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 15:44:53 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:44:53 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e93joo$meo$1@online.de>

Darren New schrieb:
> There are also problems with the complexity of things. Imagine a 
> chess-playing game trying to describe the "generate moves" routine. 
> Precondition: An input board with a valid configuration of chess pieces. 
> Postcondition: An array of boards with possible next moves for the 
> selected team.  Heck, if you could write those as assertions, you 
> wouldn't need the code.

Actually, in a functional programming language (FPL), you write just the 
postconditions and let the compiler generate the code for you.

At least that's what happens for those FPL functions that you write down 
without much thinking. You can still tweak the function to make it more 
efficient. Or you can define an interface using preconditions and 
postconditions, and write a function that fulfills these assertions 
(i.e. requires no more preconditions than the interface specifies, and 
fulfills at least the postcondition that the interface specifies); here 
we'd have a postcondition that's separate from the code, too.
I.e. in such cases, the postconditions separate the accidental and 
essential properties of a function, so they still have a role to play.

Regards,
Jo


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul 10 03:10:36 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:10:36 +1200
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
References: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-D130BB.19103610072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <44aea052$1 at usenet01.boi.hp.com>,
 dwelch91 <donald.welch at hp.com> wrote:

>I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.

The standard C way would be to check sizeof(void *).


From davidh at ilm.com  Thu Jul 13 15:24:39 2006
From: davidh at ilm.com (David Hirschfield)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:24:39 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
Message-ID: <44B69DF7.5070404@ilm.com>

I have this function:

def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
    chunks = []
    chunk = []
    for i,v in enumerate(l[:-1]):
        v2 = l[i+1]
        if v2-v == stride:
            if not chunk:
                chunk.append(v)
            chunk.append(v2)
        else:
            if not chunk:
                chunk.append(v)
            chunks.append(chunk)
            chunk = []
    if chunk:
        chunks.append(chunk)
    return chunks

Which takes a list of numerical values "l" and splits it into chunks 
where each chunk is sequential, where sequential means each value in a 
chunk is
separated from the next by "stride".

So sequentialChunks([1,2,3,5,6,8,12]) returns:

[[1,2,3],[5,6],[8],[12]]

I don't think the code above is the most efficient way to do this, but 
it is relatively clear. I tried fiddling with list-comprehension ways of 
accomplishing it, but kept losing track of things...so if anyone has a 
suggestion, I'd appreciate it.

Thanks,
-Dave


-- 
Presenting:
mediocre nebula.



From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 17 20:22:55 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 17:22:55 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
Message-ID: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hey there,
i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
books.

thanks for any clarity

sk



From amirlio84 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 03:05:26 2006
From: amirlio84 at yahoo.com (nhnh -cuncon)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 00:05:26 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: document
Message-ID: <20060711070526.83506.qmail@web31111.mail.mud.yahoo.com>

Please send me an anti-virus version. I can not read your attacked file!

python-list at python.org wrote:  Please read the document.



 		
---------------------------------
Want to be your own boss? Learn how on  Yahoo! Small Business. 
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From nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 02:59:48 2006
From: nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com (Neil Hodgson)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 06:59:48 GMT
Subject: Intermittent "permission denied" errors when using os.rename
	and a recently deleted path??
In-Reply-To: <1153955364.318217.206840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<blSxg.1247$rP1.203@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
	<1153955364.318217.206840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <EvZxg.1491$rP1.176@news-server.bigpond.net.au>

Russell Warren:

> I'm actually running both... but I would think that once os.remove
> returns that the file is actually gone from the hdd.  Why would either
> application be blocking access to a non-existent file?

    Does it actually tell you the target is the problem? I see an 
"OSError: [Errno 17] File exists" for that case, not a permission error. 
A permission error could occur, for example, if GDS has the source open 
or locked when you call os.rename.

    Neil


From bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com  Thu Jul 20 15:28:05 2006
From: bill.scherer at verizonwireless.com (Bill Scherer)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 15:28:05 -0400
Subject: ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
	Permission denied
In-Reply-To: <NYOBGCEXSMTP22l9Fop000413f0@NYOBGCEXSMTP22.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
References: <NYOBGCEXSMTP22l9Fop000413f0@NYOBGCEXSMTP22.uswin.ad.vzwcorp.com>
Message-ID: <44BFD945.8010700@verizonwireless.com>

gmax2006 wrote:

>Hi,
>
>I am using RedHat Linux 4. and I developed an oracle 10g based
>application by using cx_Oracle (cx_Oracle-4.1-10g-py23-1.i386.rpm) and
>Python 2.3.4.
>
>When I run the application through direct console connection, It works
>perfect.
>
>But, when I schedule a crontab job to run the application, It logs this
>error:
>
>Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "/home/nsm1/NSM1/NSM1.py", line 5, in ?
>    import cx_Oracle
>ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
>Permission denied
>
>  
>
Did you check the permissions of libclntsh.so.*?

>How can I fix the problem?
>
>Any help would be appreciated,
>Max
>
>BTW:
>
>I have the following settings in my /etc/profile file:
>
>#-------------------------------------------
>ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle/product
>ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0/db_1
>LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
>PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
>ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
>export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
>#-------------------------------------------
>
>  
>


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:02:07 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:02:07 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8626.1154023643.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<mailman.8620.1154011749.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c8ed6f$0$18856$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8626.1154023643.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c919ef$0$1736$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-27 13:44:29, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>What bother me with the "hold" term is that I understand it as meaning
>>that the name is some kind of container by itself - which it is not.
>>Consider the following:
>>
>>d = dict()
>>d['name'] = 'parrot'
>>
>>Would you say that the string "name" 'holds a reference' to the string
>>"parrot" ? Obviously not - it's the dict that holds this reference.
> 
> 
> Right... I think in some cases it is normal to say in such a situation that
> "'name' refers to 'parrot'" (for example when talking about the problem
> domain, rather than the implementation) -- independently of the
> implementation of the "reference" (which could be a pointer, or a
> dictionary, or a database table).

Of course. And FWIW, in day to day life, I use the word 'variable' like 
anyone else !-)

> But, I'm a convert already :)
> 
> Gerhard
> 


From xtnt at 3dchips-fr.com  Thu Jul 27 13:56:40 2006
From: xtnt at 3dchips-fr.com (Laurent Hermann)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 19:56:40 +0200
Subject: update a window with tkinter ...
Message-ID: <93D4F5BA-1FF4-41B0-9A18-9221E0DFA7E5@3dchips-fr.com>

Hi I'm new on this list so let me say hello to everybody.

I have a little problem with tkinter but I could not find the  
solution on the net so I ask it here...

The thing I want to do is simple but I cannot, I would like to have a  
tkinter window that update itself during the program is running, I  
created a small exemple :


from Tkinter import *
import time

fen1=Tk()
can1=Canvas(fen1,bg='dark grey',height=100,width=100)
can1.pack()

a=0

while(a<10):
	time.sleep(1)
	tex1=can1.create_text (10*a,10*a,text=a)
	a=a+1
	
can1.pack()
fen1.mainloop()

what i need is simply to write 1 on the canvas than wait a second  
than write 2 than wait 1 and so on ...

if somebody knows what is wrong whith this code t would help me a lot.

Thanks by advance.
Laurent.
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From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Wed Jul 26 14:53:03 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:53:03 -0400
Subject: Splitting a float into bytes:
Message-ID: <000f01c6b0e4$b980dce0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>

Hello:

  For some reason I can't figure out how to split
a 4-byte (for instance) float number (such as 3.14159265359)
into its 4-bytes so I can send it via a socket to another
computer.
  For integers, it is easy, I can get the 4 bytes by anding like:
byte1 = int_val & 0x000000FF
byte2 = int_val & 0x0000FF00
byte3 = int_val & 0x00FF0000
byte4 = int_val & 0xFF000000
  But if I try to do that with floats I get:
>>> pi & 0xFF
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for &: 'float' and 'int'

  Is there some easy way to get what the bytes of the float are?

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz




From g_vaskes at yahoo.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 07:45:44 2006
From: g_vaskes at yahoo.co.uk (Gueorgui Vaskes)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:45:44 +0100 (BST)
Subject: Newbie
In-Reply-To: <mailman.30294.1152786903.27774.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <20060713114544.23790.qmail@web25805.mail.ukl.yahoo.com>

Could anyone feel me in what do you mostly use python for?


		
___________________________________________________________ 
The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email address from your Internet provider. http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html


From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 07:25:19 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 04:25:19 -0700
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44acee57$0$5273$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152185118.897085.170570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

That doesn't work. I just get an error:

    x = eval(line.strip('\n'))
  File "<string>", line 1
     [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

 SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing


any other ideas?

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> manstey wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I have a text file called a.txt:
> >
> > # comments
> > [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> > [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> > [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> >
> > I read it using this:
> >
> > filAnsMorph = codecs.open('a.txt', 'r', 'utf-8') # Initialise input
> > file
> > dicAnsMorph = {}
> > for line in filAnsMorph:
> >     if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
> >         x = eval(line)
> >         dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is
> > value
> >
> > But it crashes every time on x = eval(line). Why is this? If I change
> > a.txt to:
> >
> > # comments
> > [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> >
> > it works fine. Why doesn't it work with multiple lines? it's driving me
> > crazy!
>
> try with:
>   x = eval(line.strip('\n'))
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 24 13:27:08 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:27:08 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44C502EC.7080802@mvista.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Sat, 22 Jul 2006 14:47:30 +0200, "Hans" <NoSpam at Hccnet.nl> declaimed
> the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>   
>> Hi all,
>>
>> Is there a way that the program that created and started a thread also stops 
>> it.
>> (My usage is a time-out).
>>
>>     
> 	Hasn't this subject become a FAQ entry yet? <G>
>
> 	The only reliable way of stopping a thread is from inside the thread
> itself. That is, the thread must, at some point, examine some flag
> variable which, when set, says "stop"
>
> Without using actual code:
>
> class StoppableThread(...):
> 	def __init__(self, ...):
> 		#whatever is needed to initialize as a thread
> 		self.Stop = False
>
> 	def run(self, ...):
> 		while not self.Stop:
> 			#do one cycle of the computation
>
>
>   

My problem with the fact that python doesn't have some type of "thread 
killer" is that again, the only solution involves some type of polling 
loop.  I.e. "if your thread of execution can be written so that it 
periodically checks for a kill condition".  This really sucks, not just 
because polling is a ridiculous practice, but it forces programmers in 
many situations to go through a lengthy process of organizing operations 
into a list.  For, say I have threads that share a bunch of common 
memory (yea, i'm saying this exclusively to get the procses users off my 
back) that executes a series of commands on remote nodes using rsh or 
something.  So if i've constructed my system using threads I need to 
neatly go and dump all operations into some sort of list so that I can 
implement a polling mechanism, i.e.

opList = [op1, op2, op3, op4]
for op in opList:
  checkMessageQueue()
  op()

That works if you can easily create an opList.  If you want good 
response time this can become quite ugly, especially if you have a lot 
going on.  Say I have a function I want to run in a thread:

#Just pretend for the sake of arguement that 'op' actually means 
something and is a lengthy operation
def func_to_thread():
  os.system('op 1')
  os.system('op 2')
  os.system('op 3')


#In order to make this killable with reasonable response time we have to 
organize each of our ops into a function or something equally annoying

op_1():
  os.system('op 1')

op_2():
  os.system('op 2')

op_3():
  os.system('op 3')

opList(op_1, op_2, op_3)
def to_thread():
  for op in opList:
    checkMessageQueue()
    op()


So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets 
ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.  
Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write 
pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up 
loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the 
module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a 
way around this scenario?


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 09:19:17 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:19:17 -0700
Subject: Checking File permissions
Message-ID: <1153401557.444000.92210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
permission to the file using python script

Thanks for ur inputs

Anoop



From fcorreia at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 11:42:32 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 08:42:32 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
References: <1151506510.391856.207460@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7569.1151507724.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151514404.954008.282280@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>
Message-ID: <1152200552.730834.187740@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi Martin,

> One would have to ask the authors of pymssql, or Microsoft,
> why that happens; alternatively, you have to run pymssql
> in a debugger to find out yourself.

Tried running pymssql in a debugger, but I felt a bit lost. There are
too many things I would need to understand about pymssql first.

Meanwhile, I got to some very interesting conclusions. Remember the
"ANSI-to-OEM conversion" option you mentioned before? I began reading
some docs about it and this description turned up:

"The ANSI to OEM conversion translates data coming back from SQL Server
into the local code page used by your client."

which seemed exactly what I don't want..   so I turned it to "OFF" (by
using the registry key
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSSQLServer\Client\DB-Lib\AutoAnsiToOem)
and everything started working the way I was originally expecting!

I think that the best way to actually solve this will be to override
AutoAnsiToOem (instead of using the registry setting) from within
pymssql, or find a way to specify what the "local code page" should be.
If not, I will have to have the pain of verifying this setting in every
system where the code I'm developing will be deployed. Which reminds
me... that this setting doesn't exist on non-windows environments (ie,
no registry on Linux) so I'm not sure how will it all work there.
Anyone with experience in using DB-Library that can confirm how it
works (namely, on linux)?
(but perhaps this is outside the scope of this newsgroup.. )

I got in touch with Andrzej Kukula, the current developer of pymssql,
who has also been very helpful, and knows what we've been discussing
over here.


thanks for all the help,
Filipe



From sjmaster at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 18:14:21 2006
From: sjmaster at gmail.com (Steve M)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:14:21 -0700
Subject: iterate over a series of nodes in an XML file
References: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152137661.931924.164490@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I see you've had success with elementtree, but in case you are still
thinking about SAX, here is an approach that might interest you. The
idea is basically to turn your program inside-out by writing a
standalone function to process one myID node. This function has nothing
to do with SAX or parsing the XML tree. This function becomes a
callback that you pass to your SAX handler to call on each node.

import xml.sax

def myID_callback(data):
    """Process the text of one myID node - boil it, mash it, stick it
in a list..."""
    print data

class MyHandler(xml.sax.ContentHandler):
    def __init__(self, myID_callback):
        #a buffer to collect text data that may or may not be needed
later
        self.current_text_data = []
        self.myID_callback = myID_callback

    def characters(self, data):
        """Accumulate characters. startElement("myID") resets it."""
        self.current_text_data.append(data)

    def startElement(self, name, attributes):
        if name == 'myID':
            self.current_text_data = []

    def endElement(self, name):
        if name == 'myID':
            data = "".join(self.current_text_data)
            self.myID_callback(data)

filename = 'idlist.xml'
xml.sax.parse(filename, MyHandler(myID_callback))



From klappnase at web.de  Thu Jul 13 11:27:21 2006
From: klappnase at web.de (klappnase at web.de)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:27:21 -0700
Subject: Tix.Grid patch
Message-ID: <1152804441.352584.87690@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I just wrote a wrapper for the Tix.Grid widget
(http://www.8ung.at/klappnase/TixGrid/TixGrid.html); I guess I should
have searched before, because now I found this has already been done
for Python2.5 . However it looks like my version offers some more
functionality (and the ScrolledGrid in Python2.5 seems to be broken)
than the one I saw at
http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Lib/lib-tk/Tix.py?rev=46691&view=auto
, so I thought I could contribute a patch.
My apologies if this is a dumb question, but I don't know how to do
that.

Any hints are appreciated

Michael



From maphew at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:21:50 2006
From: maphew at gmail.com (maphew)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:21:50 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
In-Reply-To: <1153959737.908147.51620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153959737.908147.51620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154020910.237990.160600@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

thank you everybody for your help!  That worked perfectly. :) I really
appreciate the time you spent answering what is probably a pretty basic
question for you. It's nice not to be ignored.

be well,

-matt



From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 12:13:43 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 09:13:43 -0700
Subject: No error while sending via TCP Socket
In-Reply-To: <12aia256meiuk22@corp.supernews.com>
References: <e82a11$4aa$1@online.de><12aaee6n8ne9477@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151918726.015313.137760@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<12aia256meiuk22@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1151943223.195557.126270@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> You're talking about the case where there's un-ACKed data.
> Breaking a link when there's no un-ACKed data (which is what
> the OP did) will require an hour or two to timeout _iff_
> keepalive is enabled.  If keepalive has not been enabled, a
> broken connection with no un-ACKed data will never timeout.

My mistake, Grant. I was under the impression that a blocking send()
would wait for an ACK before proceeding, but upon checking the man
pages I see that this is not the case. It does seem to make the
oft-cited TCP guarantee of data arrival a little weaker however, if you
can't necessarily know how many of your sends have succeeded or not.
Doubtless I am missing something here, too. Time to dig out my old
networking notes, perhaps.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From mpeters42 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 17:44:28 2006
From: mpeters42 at gmail.com (Mark Peters)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 14:44:28 -0700
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
References: <mailman.7826.1152134753.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152135868.279168.10460@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> I did find this but it doesn't have numbers and I can't tell if it's
> even what I'm looking for:
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-errno.html

Error number picked at random:

>>> import errno
>>> print errno.errorcode.keys()
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
10000, 10004, 10009, 10013, 10014, 10022, 10024, 10035, 10036, 10037,
10038, 10039, 10040, 10041, 10042, 10043, 10044, 10045, 10046, 10047,
10048, 10049, 10050, 10051, 10052, 10053, 10054, 10055, 10056, 10057,
10058, 10059, 10060, 10061, 10062, 10063, 10064, 10065, 10066, 10067,
10068, 10069, 10070, 10071, 10091, 10092, 10093, 10101]
>>> print errno.errorcode[10]
ECHILD

or

>>> import os
>>> print os.strerror(10)
No child processes

Hope this helps,
Mark Peters



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 19:52:12 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:52:12 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
In-Reply-To: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153957932.194120.300480@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

The write accepts strings only, so you may do:

out.write( repr(list(clean)) )

Notes:
- If you need the strings in a nice order, you may sort them before
saving them:
out.write( repr(sorted(clean)) )
- If you need them in the original order you need a stable method, you
can extract the relevant code from this large blob:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/438599

Bye,
bearophile



From nobody at dizum.com  Sat Jul  8 07:30:03 2006
From: nobody at dizum.com (Nomen Nescio)
Date: Sat,  8 Jul 2006 13:30:03 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
References: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
	<44aa9ea5@news.uni-ulm.de>
	<27e6064815f49f93c0ba9644ba0649e6@dizum.com>
	<m2fyhdoxvl.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <39252e96e98bf105bcefd8c2548812d7@dizum.com>

On Sat, 08 Jul 2006 00:26:06 +0200, Piet van Oostrum wrote:

> 
>>NN> What is still not working is the display from gpg. It shows up on the
>>NN> monitor screen like this:
> 
>>NN> gpg: Signature made Tue 04 Jul 2006 08:04:10 AM CET using DSA key ID
>>NN> 06B09BA4
>>NN> gpg: Good signature from "Boz Scraggs <scraggs at test.invalid>"
> 
>>NN> I need to get that into a file so I can parse it. Any further suggestions?
> 
> That output is passed to stderr. So you can get it in a string:
> 
> output = Popen(["gpg", "--output", "outfile", "--verify", "sigtest"], stderr=PIPE).communicate()[1]

That worked, thanks very much; and my thanks to all who replied.











From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  1 18:30:47 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 15:30:47 -0700
Subject: really basic question regarding arrays/function output...
Message-ID: <01e501c69d5e$016264b0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i have the following test python script.... i'm trying to figure out a
couple of things...

1st.. how can i write the output of the "label" to an array, and then how i
can select a given element of the array.. i know real basic..

2nd.. where can i go to find methods of libxml2dom. i've been looking using
google, but can't seem to find a site pointing out the underlying methods,
which is kind of strange...

-bruce



-------------------------------------
test.py
#! /usr/bin/env python

#test python script
import libxml2dom
import urllib

print "hello"

turl =
"http://courses.tamu.edu/ViewSections.aspx?campus=CS&x=hvm4MX4PXIY9J8C2Dcxz5
0ncXTJdT7v2&type=M"

f = urllib.urlopen(turl)
s = f.read()
f.close()
# s contains HTML not XML text
d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
# get the community-related links
for label in
d.xpath("/html/body/table/tr/td[2]/table/tr[6]/td/table/child::tr/td[@class=
'sectionheading']/text()"):

    print label.nodeValue




From nemesis at nowhere.invalid  Sat Jul 15 08:11:46 2006
From: nemesis at nowhere.invalid (Nemesis)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 12:11:46 GMT
Subject: [ANN] XPN 0.5.7 released
Message-ID: <20060715121145.2623.83123.XPN@orion.homeinvalid>

XPN (X Python Newsreader) is a multi-platform newsreader with Unicode
support. It is written with Python+GTK. It has features like
scoring/actions, X-Face and Face decoding, muting of quoted text,
newsrc import/export, find article and search in the body, spoiler
char/rot13, random taglines and configurable attribution lines.

You can find it on:

http://xpn.altervista.org/index-en.html

or

http://sf.net/projects/xpn


Changes in this release:

    * fixed a bug that caused XPN not to open empty articles
    * fixed a bug that occurs with newer GTK releases that caused XPN not
      to show bold face fonts in Groups Pane and Threads Pane
    * added a key-combo that lets you scroll up the article
    * fixed an issue with orderings save.
    * reorganized and changed the appearance of the Config Window
    * changed the appearance of the Score Window
    * changed the way article headers and X-Face are shown in the Article Pane
    * added a groups context menu
    * added some new voices in the threads context menu


XPN is translated in Italian French and German, if you'd like to translate it
in your language and you are familiar with gettext and po-files
editing please contact me (xpn at altervista.org).
-- 
Never run after buses or women: you'll always get left behind.
 
 |\ |       |HomePage   : http://nem01.altervista.org
 | \|emesis |XPN (my nr): http://xpn.altervista.org



From dingbat at codesmiths.com  Tue Jul 18 06:54:51 2006
From: dingbat at codesmiths.com (Andy Dingley)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 03:54:51 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153220091.538661.87040@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:

> it seems that range() can be really slow:

>     if i in range (0, 10000):

RTFM on range()

You're completely mis-using it here, using it with an if ... in ...
test. The purpose of range() in Python is as loop control, not
comparisons!  It's not a SQL BETWEEN statement.

Although you _can_ do this (you've done it!) you've also found that
it's slow. Many people would argue that even using range() for loop
control is unusably slow.



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 18:10:14 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:10:14 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <7x3bcogl9i.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x3bcogl9i.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44C7E846.3070306@mvista.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
>   
>> Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork
>> copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.
>>     
>
> No, you get two processes whose address spaces get the data.  It's
> done with the virtual memory hardware.  The data isn't copied.  The
> page tables of both processes are just set up to point to the same
> physical pages.  Copying only happens if a process writes to one of
> the pages.  The OS detects this using a hardware trap from the VM
> system.
>   
Ah, alright.  So if that's the case, why would you use python threads 
versus spawning processes?  If they both point to the same address space 
and python threads can't run concurrently due to the GIL what are they 
good for?

-c

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From bob at passcal.nmt.edu  Mon Jul 17 17:00:03 2006
From: bob at passcal.nmt.edu (Bob Greschke)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:00:03 -0600
Subject: Tkinter StringVar mystery
Message-ID: <6-SdnTWpMbigZybZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@nmt.edu>

First off I have this class (thanks to whoever came up with this way back 
when):

######################
# BEGIN: class Command
# LIB:Command():2006.110
#    Pass arguments to functions from button presses and menu selections,
#    bind's.  Nice!
#    In your declaration:
#        ...command = Command(func, args,...)
class Command:
    def __init__(self, func, *args, **kw):
        self.func = func
        self.args = args
        self.kw = kw
    def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
        args = self.args+args
        kw.update(self.kw)
        apply(self.func, args, kw)
# END: class Command


Then in the setup part of an entry form I have:

# CHBCBarcodeLastVar is the variable for an Entry() field
Button(SubFrame, text = "Print Barcode", \
        command = Command(test, "other", CHBCBarcodeLastVar.get(), \
        "CHBC")).pack(side = LEFT)


Then this is a/the test function:

def test(What, BC, Where, e = None):
# Does print the correct value
    print CHBCBarcodeLastVar.get()
# Does change the field on the form
    CHBCBarcodeLastVar.set("55555")
# BC is ""
    print ":"+What+":", ":"+BC+":", ":"+Where+":"
    return

Everything works as it should, except when the Button is clicked BC is an 
empty str in test().  How come?  (I really have NO clue how that Command 
class works, but I use it like crazy.  Is it the problem?)

Thanks!

Bob




From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Sat Jul 29 09:12:08 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 15:12:08 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.29.09.55.47.726193@gmx.net>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.29.09.55.47.726193@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <200607291512.08724.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

> > Synaptic is using aptitude as back-end (this is serious).
>
> Why can I deinstall aptitude without deinstalling synaptic then!?
>
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

Hi,
This is because Aptitude is an independant console application
that is very useful to users working on linux machines without
X server installed.

Synaptic is the interface which leads the underlying application.
Synaptic is often installed with a 
$ aptitude install synaptic

Best Regards,
Rob


From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 13:09:48 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:09:48 +0200
Subject: Mechanize/Browser question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7981.1152545694.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7981.1152545694.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4hffuvF1cebfeU1@uni-berlin.de>

bruce schrieb:
> hi...
> 
> i can do the following
>   br = Browser
>   br.open("www.yahoo.com")
>   br.open("file:///foo")
> 
>  but can i do
>   s = "..." <<<< qualified html text
>   br.open(s)
> 
>  i'm curious, if i have html from someother source, is there a way to simply
> get it into the "Browser" so i can modify it...

Use the tempfile-module to create a temporary file, write your HTML in 
there and point the browser to it. Alternatively, you could fire up a 
SimpleHTTPServer and serve the content. For HTML-only this would be 
overkill, but if you need images as well it might be worth it.


Diez


From david at boddie.org.uk  Sun Jul 16 08:50:04 2006
From: david at boddie.org.uk (David Boddie)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 05:50:04 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153012051.165955.101350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153016241.543340.178810@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153054203.879120.282230@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> David Boddie wrote:
>
> > However, you will have difficulty using the examples in that book
> > because it was written for PyQt3.
>
> Ah yes, it doesn't recognise "QApplication" now. Never mind.

QApplication is still there. You can access it via the Qt module and
create an application object in the following way:

  import sys
  from PyQt4 import Qt
  app = Qt.QApplication(sys.argv)

> > Work is underway to "port" the book
> > to PyQt4, but it will take some time. (You can help with this and learn
> > about PyQt4 at the same time, if you want.)
>
> Er...you might be overestimating my potential unless there's some
> *really* entry-level material to be dealt with there. Though they do
> say it's a good way to learn. Is there a forum?

Yes, it's at http://mats.imk.fraunhofer.de/mailman/listinfo/pykde

> > There's plenty of learning material for Qt 4; the official
> > documentation at http://doc.trolltech.com/4.1 contains examples
> > and overviews that are readable if you already know C++.
>
> One of the reasons I chose Python was so I wouldn't have to, alas.

Much of the example code for Qt is readable even if you only
know Python. Some of the main differences between Qt and PyQt
are described in this document:

http://www.riverbankcomputing.com/Docs/PyQt4/pyqt4ref.html

Good luck!

David



From noway at sorry.com  Mon Jul 17 20:39:08 2006
From: noway at sorry.com (Giovanni Bajo)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 00:39:08 GMT
Subject: Python 2.5b2 Windows binaries
Message-ID: <M4Wug.44213$_J1.541084@twister2.libero.it>

Hello,

since I tested Python 2.5b2 on my applications, I have rebuilt some extension
modules I needed. It wasn't a very simple or fast task, so I thought I'd share
the result of the efforts:

http://www.develer.com/oss/Py25Bins

this page contains the Windows binaries (installers) for the following
packages:

- NumPy 0.98
- Numeric 24.2
- PyOpenGL 2.0.2.01 (with Numeric 24.2)
- Pyrex 0.9.4.1 (with a Python 2.5 compatibility patch posted in its mailing
list)

I plan to update this page later as I build more installers (but don't hold
your breath). Hope this helps everybody!
-- 
Giovanni Bajo




From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 14 08:06:59 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:06:59 +0200
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152822699.790740.49150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e981cp$j10$03$1@news.t-online.com>

bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:

> If you want something less easy to understand, you can try fixing the
> following code that doesn't work:
> 
> from itertools import groupby
> l = [1,2,3,5,6,8,12]
> keyf = lambda (pos,x): x-l[pos]>1
> [[el[1] for el in gr] for he,gr in groupby(enumerate(l[:-1]), keyf)]

>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> items = [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 12]
>>> [[v for i, v in group] for key, group in groupby(enumerate(items),
lambda (i, v): i-v)]
[[1, 2, 3], [5, 6], [8], [12]]

which is almost identical to the last example in 
http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html

Peter


From titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:29:12 2006
From: titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ernesto_Garc=EDa_Garc=EDa?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 22:29:12 +0200
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
In-Reply-To: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
Message-ID: <ea0m6s$lu6$1@hefestos.uned.es>

Thank you guys.

So the answer is to keep with the original form, perhaps with xrange.

Ernesto


From jemejones at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 09:54:01 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 06:54:01 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152712440.961281.273630@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


D wrote:
> Hi, I currently have a Python app with a Tkinter GUI frontend that I
> use for system administration.  Everytime it launches, it reads a text
> file which contains info about each host I wish to monitor - each field
> (such as IP, hostname, etc.) is delimited by !!.  Now, I want to be
> able to edit host information from within the GUI - what would  be the
> best way to go about this?  Basically I just need to either edit the
> original host line, or write a new host line and delete the
> original..thanks!

I would create a data structure of the contents of the file and let the
application reference that data structure.  Sounds like it's going to
be a list of lists or a list of dicts.  Each line of the file is going
to be an element of the "main" list.  Each element of the list is going
to be a dict or a list of the details of that particular host.  Make it
so that if your app changes the datastructure, you re-serialize it back
to the file.  This should work the same with adding a new host to
monitor.

It might be easier to use something like Yaml.  I'm doing something
similar with a little podcast grabber I'm working on.  Here's some old
code where I first incorporate using Yaml (down at the bottom of the
page): http://jeremymjones.com/articles/simple-podcast-grabber-python/
The version I have in SVN right now creates a configgish object off of
the Yaml and on re-assignment of either of the two main attributes, it
automatically reserializes it.

Anyway, hope this helps.

- Jeremy M. Jones



From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 07:45:38 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 04:45:38 -0700
Subject: python logging module problem
In-Reply-To: <e97uqd$k7q$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152867729.467998.301780@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152873652.283142.308900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e97uqd$k7q$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1152877538.198715.265130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Peter Otten wrote:
> You can achieve the desired behaviour by adding a custom Filter:
>
> import sys
> import logging
>
> logger = logging.getLogger("my_app")
> logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
>
> class LevelFilter(logging.Filter):
>     def __init__(self, level):
>         self.level = level
>     def filter(self, record):
>         return self.level == record.levelno
>
> def make_handler(outstream, format, level):
>     handler = logging.StreamHandler(outstream)
>     formatter = logging.Formatter(format)
>     handler.setFormatter(formatter)
>     handler.addFilter(LevelFilter(level))
>     return handler
>
> logger.addHandler(make_handler(sys.stderr,
>     'STDERR %(levelname)s %(message)s', logging.WARN))
> logger.addHandler(make_handler(sys.stdout,
>     'STDOUT %(levelname)s %(message)s', logging.INFO))
>
> logger.info("the world is flat")
> logger.warning("take care not to fall off its rim")
>
> Not sure whether this is a good idea. Another way might be to use distinct
> loggers.
>
> Peter

Thanks. This looks similar to what I wanted. I'll try customizing it to
my requirements and see if this helps.

Thanks,
Ritesh



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 18:46:09 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 15:46:09 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<1154085286.247517.65840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154197062.448466.96160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154213169.588838.198350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Stani,

Thanks. I'll definetly give SPE another try.
You have a great editor with features that others don't have.
I'll try it with the latest wxPython.

I never really thought SPE was the problem, it seemed like a lot of
issues I saw were from wxWidgets...

Nick V.



SPE - Stani's Python Editor wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc schreef:
>
> > I found Komodo to
> > be too slow on my machine, SPE was also slow, was crashing on me and
> > had strange gui issues,
>
> I hope you didn't install SPE from the MOTU repositories with synaptic
> or apt-get. I use SPE myself daily on Ubuntu and wrote this howto
> install SPE on Ubuntu:
> http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=218001&highlight=wxpython
>
> I know that others are running SPE on Ubuntu without problems. The main
> point is not to use SPE from the repositories, but from the SPE
> website. If the howto is too much just download the -nosetup.zip
> 
> Stani
> --
> http://pythonide.stani.be



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Tue Jul 18 19:05:50 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:05:50 GMT
Subject: Getting and Setting Cookies
References: <1153220141.957314.26580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87fygyzf75.fsf@reportlab.com>

"Vlad Dogaru" <ddvlad at gmail.com> writes:

> I am trying to use cookies and Python to create a simple login example.
> But I am very disoriented at the existence of two cookie libraries,
> namely Cookie and cookielib. I have seen examples of setting cookies
[...]

>From the cookielib docs:

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-cookielib.html

| The cookielib module defines classes for automatic handling of HTTP
| cookies. It is useful for accessing web sites that require small
| pieces of data - cookies - to be set on the client machine by an HTTP
| response from a web server, and then returned to the server in later
| HTTP requests.

(note the *accessing* there)

[...]

| Module Cookie: HTTP cookie classes, principally useful for server-side
|     code. The cookielib and Cookie modules do not depend on each
|     other.


Module cookielib is for web client code (writing code that works like
a browser).  Module Cookie is for server-side code (writing code to
make a web site work).  You don't make it entirely clear which you're
doing, but it sounds like the latter.


John


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul  7 17:58:09 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:58:09 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <1152307873.144546.77740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152307873.144546.77740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152309489.229782.39030@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

sorry, i didn't read all your post.
def test(s):
    res = ['']
    in_dbl = False
    escaped = False
    for c in s:
        if in_dbl:
            if escaped:
                res[-1] += c
                if c != '\\':
                    escaped = False
            else:
                res[-1] += c
                if c == '\\':
                    escaped = True
                elif c == '"':
                    res.append('')
                    in_dbl = False
        elif c == ' ':
            res.append('')
        elif c == '"':
            res.append('')
            res[-1] += c
            in_dbl = True
        else:
            res[-1] += c
    while '' in res:
        res.remove('')
    return res

faulkner wrote:
> import re
> re.findall('\".*\"|\S+', raw_input())
>
> Jim wrote:
> > Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> > strings?
> >
> > I'm thinking of
> >   'a b c "d e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d e']
> > .  I'd also like
> >   'a b c "d \" e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d " e']
> > which omits any s.split('"')-based construct that I could come up with.
> > 
> > Thank you,
> > JIm



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 21:41:45 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 18:41:45 -0700
Subject: 2 problems
References: <1152311481.321408.253040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152322905.663282.106580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

symonlandor at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,Im using Python 2.4.2 and I'm starting a few very basic
> programs,but theres two problems I've not found the answers for.
> My first problem is I need code that will count the number of letters
> in a string and return that number to a variable.

Do you mean like this

>>> s = 'abracadabra'
>>> s.count('a')
5
>>> s.count('ab')
2

> My second problem stems from the first as I need a function that can
> slice the string into letters and have those put in seperate
> strings.Ive tried using the normal [:1],[:2],etc but I need a function
> that can do that a variable amount of times due to the varying number
> of letters in the input.

I'm sorry, but I don't know what you mean here.

>
> This would be of great help,as python is new to me.

It's a great language!

Peace,
~Simon



From mw at visenso.de  Wed Jul  5 08:38:15 2006
From: mw at visenso.de (Marco Wahl)
Date: 05 Jul 2006 14:38:15 +0200
Subject: Detupleize a tuple for argument list
References: <9ok66sntuw.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
	<slrneanbbk.9rr.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <9ofyhgns5k.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>


> Marco Wahl enlightened us with:
> > >>> foo(t)
> >  Traceback (most recent call last):
> >    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> >  TypeError: foo() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)
> 
> Call foo(*t)

Thank you very much Luke Plant, Steven D'Aprano and Sybren Stuvel.

This was exactly what I was looking for.  I'm happy now.  ;-)
-- 
Marco Wahl
http://visenso.com


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 11:13:45 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:13:45 -0700
Subject: locked file
References: <1153987211.032895.195950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154013225.281847.222750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Kirt wrote:
> i have a code that backsup file from src to dest.
>  Now if some of the files are locked , i need to skip those files..
> I was trying to use fctl module but it can be used only in unix i
> suppose.
>
> is there anyother way? i am using windows os.

What does locked mean in this case?  No read permissions? In use by
another program?

I haven't used windows in a long time, and I wasn't aware that one
could lock files in it.

Peace,
~Simon



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Mon Jul 17 11:07:36 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:07:36 -0700
Subject: unicode html
In-Reply-To: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153148856.171805.103210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com wrote:
> X-No-Archive: yes
> Hi, I've found lots of material on the net about unicode html
> conversions, but still i'm having many problems converting unicode
> characters to html entities. Is there any available function to solve
> this issue?
> As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
> \uc3B4 => &ocirc;
> for all available html entities.
>
> thanks,
> lorenzo

no expertise with unicode issues but using 'pytextile' at the minute
which converts non-ascii to (numeric) html entities. It does something
like:

>>> s =unicode('\xe7', encoding='latin-1')
>>> s
u'\xe7'
>>> print s
?
>>> print s.encode('ascii','xmlcharrefreplace')
&#231;


    http://wiki.python.org/moin/PyTextile


hth

Gerard



From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 04:20:13 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 01:20:13 -0700
Subject: mod_python fails to load under wamp
In-Reply-To: <79k6b21ioj0jvvq0d4dumkj8e0iamhcd00@4ax.com>
References: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<79k6b21ioj0jvvq0d4dumkj8e0iamhcd00@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152606013.848775.327360@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> 	Uh... this may sound silly, but aren't .so files UNIX/Linux/Solaris
> "shared object" files...

Yes, but apache uses them (or at least the same file extension) for
modules on Windows and Linux, so mod_python.so is correct.



From bjourne at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 06:15:31 2006
From: bjourne at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?BJ=F6rn_Lindqvist?=)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:15:31 +0200
Subject: converting file formats to txt
In-Reply-To: <1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <740c3aec0607060315x14aef0edpc68d9921a69006e1@mail.gmail.com>

On 4 Jul 2006 08:38:47 -0700, Gaurav Agarwal
<gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com> wrote:
> Thanks Steven, Actually i wanted a do text processing for my office
> where I can view all files in the system and use the first three to
> give a summary of the document. Instead of having somebody actually
> entering the summary. Seems there is no one code that can act as
> convertor across formats, i'll have to check out convertors for
> individual formats.

I have some old code that does just that. It uses pdftotext, catdoc
and links to convert .doc, .pdf and .html to text.

##################################################################
import mimetypes
from subprocess import call, Popen, PIPE
import sys

class ConversionError(Exception):
    pass

class UnknownMimeType(ConversionError):
    pass

class NotAMimeType(ConversionError):
    pass

class ParseError(ConversionError):
    pass

def has_program(progname):
    return call(["which", progname], stdout = PIPE) == 0

def check_requirements():
    missing = []
    for prog in "catdoc", "pdftotext", "links":
        if not has_program(prog):
            missing.append(prog)
    if missing:
        print "You need to have the programs:", " ".join(missing)
        return False
    return True

if not check_requirements():
    print "Needed external programs not found, quitting"
    sys.exit(1)

def get_catdoc_args(infile):
    return ["catdoc", "-s", "8859-1", infile]

def get_pdftotext_args(infile):
    return ["pdftotext", infile, "-"]

def get_links_args(infile):
    return ["links", infile, "-dump"]

def totext(document):
    filetype_to_args_map = {"application/msword" : get_catdoc_args,
                            "application/pdf" : get_pdftotext_args,
                            "text/html" : get_links_args}

    ftype, ign = mimetypes.guess_type(document)
    if not ftype:
        raise NotAMimeType, "Couldn't detect mimetype for %s" % document
    try:
        argfunc = filetype_to_args_map[ftype]
    except KeyError:
        s = "Don't know how to handle %s documents" % ftype
        raise UnknownMimeType, s

    p = Popen(argfunc(document), stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
    text = p.stdout.read()
    if p.wait():
        # Force a better exception to be thrown if the file doesn't exist.
        open(document)
        raise ParseError, "Failed to parse %s" % document
    return text

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print totext("testpdf.pdf")



-- 
mvh Bj?rn


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:09:54 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:09:54 -0700
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<s0ikc2dbou29j4ifc3pqahva8lk38m5vg1@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154110193.996475.18780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

What do you mean?
The html table is right there (at least in Firefox it is...). I'll
paste it in too. Just need to isolate with some simple regexes and
extract the text...
Nick V.

-------------------
<table border=0 width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
					<tr class=normbold>
						<Td width=13% class=tdblue>#
						</td>

						<Td align=right width=13% class="tdblue">Win&nbsp;
						</td>
						<Td align=right width=16% class="tdblue">Place&nbsp;
						</td>
						<Td align=right width=13% class="tdblue">Win&nbsp;
						</td>
						<Td align=right class=tdblue>Place&nbsp;

						</td><Td align=right width=13% class="tdblue">Win&nbsp;
						</td>
						<Td align=right width=16% class="tdblue">Place&nbsp;
						</td>
					</tr>
			                  !!!!! MORE <tr>...</tr> ROWS IN HERE !!!!!!!!!!!!!
				</table>
-------------------------------------

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Sat, 29 Jul 2006 01:11:41 +1000, "Graham Feeley"
> <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au> declaimed the following in
> comp.lang.python:
>
> http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo
> >
> 	Ugh... Javascript and CSS...
>
> 	Getting down to the actual race tables is the pain... Once down to
> the tables it may not be that difficult...
>
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:33:17 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:33:17 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
In-Reply-To: <1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Fuzzyman wrote:
> Fuzzyman wrote:
> > Hello all,
> >
> > I'm trying to extract the code object from a function, and exec it
> > without explicitly passing parameters.
> >
> > The code object 'knows' it expects to receive paramaters. It's
> > 'arg_count' attribute is readonly.
> >
> > How can I set the arg_count to 0, or pass parameters to the code object
> > when I exec it ?
> >
>
> Ok, so now I'm getting somewhere, without really knowing what I'm
> doing. Using the CodeType I can create a new code object with identical
> attributes, except an 'argcount' of 0.
>
> It doesn't quite work, so I probably need to set some of the attributes
> *differently*.
>
> The code I use is :
>
> >>> def f(x):
>  ...     print x
>  ...
> >>> c = f.func_code
> >>> CodeType = type(c)
> >>> a = CodeType(0, c.co_nlocals, c.co_stacksize, c.co_flags, c.co_code,
>  ...     c.co_consts, c.co_names, c.co_varnames, c.co_filename,
> c.co_name,
>  ...     c.co_firstlineno, c.co_lnotab, c.co_freevars, c.co_cellvars)
> >>> a
> <code object f at 01C707A0, file "<input>", line 1>
> >>> exec a
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<input>", line 1, in ?
>   File "<input>", line 2, in f
> UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment
>
> (the first argument, 0, becomes the 'arg_count' attribute)
>
> So the code object is still creating a local scope, and knows that x is
> a local variable. ('co_nlocals' and 'co_varnames' ?).
>
> I'd like to construct the code object so that it takes the parameters
> from the enclosing scope (the context I pass into exec I guess),
> without clobbering any local variables that may be defined in the code
> object.
>
> Anyone got any clues ?
>

*Damn* I've extracted the code object and told it that it has no
arguments. Executing the code object results in the function object !

The code object is obviously the code object for the function
definition. *sigh*

I was hoping I could get to the code object for the *body* of the
function. Looks like that won't be possible without dis-assembling the
bytecode or other tricks even more hackish than what I've already done.

For the record, the code  I was using was :

x = 3
def f(x):
    print x

CodeType = type(f.func_code)

def convert_function(f):
    code = f.func_code
    nlocals = max(code.co_nlocals - code.co_argcount, 0)
    newCode = CodeType(0, nlocals, code.co_stacksize, code.co_flags,
                       code.co_code, code.co_consts, code.co_names,
                       code.co_varnames, code.co_filename,
code.co_name,
                       code.co_firstlineno, code.co_lnotab,
code.co_freevars,
                       code.co_cellvars)
    return newCode

print convert_function(f)
exec convert_function(f)

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 11:49:36 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:49:36 -0700
Subject: import from containing folder
References: <nyLxg.11448$yN3.708@trnddc04>
Message-ID: <1153928975.924299.250180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

David Isaac wrote:
> Suppose I have inherited the structure
>
> PackageFolder/
>       __init__.py
>       mod1.py
>       mod2.py
>       SubPackageFolder/
>               __init__.py
>               mod3.py
>
> and mod3.py should really use a function in mod2.py.
> *Prior* to Python 2.5, what is the best way to access that?
> (Please assume that "move it" is not the answer.)
>
> Thanks,
> Alan Isaac

To play with this I created a directory 'delmepy' in
/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/ and gave it the following structure:

$ ls -R /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/delmepy
/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/delmepy:
__init__.py  mod2.py  subp
/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/delmepy/subp:
__init__.py  mod3.py

Both __init__.py's are empty, mod2.py looks like this:

def banana(n):
    print n

and mod3.py looks like this:

import delmepy.mod2
delmepy.mod2.banana(23)

The following (at the interactive prompt) worked fine:
>>> import delmepy.subp.mod3
23

I would assume (but I haven't checked) that this should work as long as
delmepy (in your case PackageFolder) was somewhere on sys.path.

HTH,
~Simon



From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 16:07:38 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 13:07:38 -0700
Subject: The Split String Function - How to preserve whitespace?
In-Reply-To: <just-894340.22032908072006@news1.news.xs4all.nl>
References: <1152388538.357689.143690@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<just-894340.22032908072006@news1.news.xs4all.nl>
Message-ID: <1152389258.226658.111010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Just wrote:
>    >>> "a\nb\nc\n".splitlines(True)
>    ['a\n', 'b\n', 'c\n']

Genius - Thanks alot  for the quick response !! :-)

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell

The Good Ol' Blog 
http://www.latedecember.com/sites/personal/davy/



From jgodoy at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 07:31:34 2006
From: jgodoy at gmail.com (Jorge Godoy)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:31:34 -0300
Subject: Automatic email checking - best procedures/suggestions
References: <1153994883.893339.125610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87y7uf2six.fsf@gmail.com>

"Jon Clements" <joncle at googlemail.com> writes:

> problem. What I'm unsure of is the best way to design this. Bear in
> mind that network/email server configuration changes can be made. For
> instance, do I connect to the email server and keep polling it every
> 'n' whatever for new messages, or should I be looking to the smtpd
> module and get mail via that? (or any other way?)
>
> I think I'm basically after the best way to implement:
> Email in ------> Python process ------> Email out

It depends on your mail server, on what you're willing to do and also on how
"locked" to your mail server you want to be.

Certainly fetching messages from your mailserver through POP3 and reinjecting
them to the correct mailaccounts will be a more portable solution than
writing, e.g., a filter to your mailserver.

On the other hand, if you need the message processed as soon as it arrives you
can make your program a filter -- or have a filter to call it somehow -- to
process the message.

Also consider the startup time of your code for each processed message,
concurrency issues, etc. 

-- 
Jorge Godoy      <jgodoy at gmail.com>


From n.estner at gmx.de  Mon Jul 31 10:50:50 2006
From: n.estner at gmx.de (nikie)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 07:50:50 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<2QRyg.15426$rp4.10035@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<1154280523.162997.298400@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Ysozg.21659$rp4.15871@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <1154357450.740766.112480@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Paul McGuire wrote:

> "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1154280523.162997.298400 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> >
> > Paul McGuire wrote:
> > > "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote in message
> > > news:Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684 at tornado.texas.rr.com...
> > > > "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> > > > news:1154055002.495073.171650 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
> > > > > image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
> > > > > if myCol < darkestCol:
> > > > >    darkestCol = myCol
> > > > >    possX = thisX
> > > > >    possY = thisY
> > > > >
> > > >
> > > > Psyco may be of some help to you, especially if you extract out your
> myCol
> > > > expression into its own function, something like:
> > > >
> > > > def darkness(img,x,y):
> > > >     return  (0.3 * img.GetRed(x,y)) + (0.59 * img.GetGreen(x,y)) +
> (0.11 *
> > > > img.GetBlue(x,y))
> > > >
> > > <snip>
> > >
> > > Even better than my other suggestions might be to write this function,
> and
> > > then wrap it in a memoizing decorator
> > >
> (http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-11870a08b0fa59a8622
> > > 201abfac735ea47ffade5) - surely there must be some repeated colors in
> your
> > > image.
> > >
> > > -- Paul
> >
> > Its not only finding the darkest color, but also finding the X position
> > and Y Position of the darkest color.
> >
>
> Sorry, you are correct.  To take advantage of memoizing, the darkness method
> would have to work with the r, g, and b values, not the x's and y's.
>
> -- Paul
>
>
> import psyco
> psyco.full()
>
> IMAGE_WIDTH = 200
> IMAGE_HEIGHT = 200
> imgColRange = range(IMAGE_WIDTH)
> imgRowRange = range(IMAGE_HEIGHT)
>
> @memoize    # copy memoize from
> http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary, or similar
> def darkness(r,g,b):
>     return 0.3*r + 0.59*g + 0.11*b
>
> def getDarkestPixel(image):
>     getR = image.GetRed
>     getG = image.GetGreen
>     getB = image.GetBlue
>
>     darkest = darkness( getR(0,0), getG(0,0), getB(0,0) )
>     # or with PIL, could do
>     # darkest = darkness( *getpixel(0,0) )
>     dkX = 0
>     dkY = 0
>     for r in imgRowRange:
>         for c in imgColRange:
>             dk = darkness( getRed(r,c), getGrn(r,c), getBlu(r,c) )
>             if dk < darkest:
>                 darkest = dk
>                 dkX = c
>                 dkY = r
>     return dkX, dkY

>From my experiences with Psyco/PIL, it's probably faster to move the
image data into lists first (using list(Image.getdata) or
list(image.getband)) and access the raw data in your loop(s). Don't use
Image.getpixel in a tight loop, they result in Python-to-C-Calls which
can't be optimized by Psyco. Even when you're not using Psyco, getpixel
is probably slower (at least the PIL docs say so: "Note that this
method is rather slow; if you need to process larger parts of an image
from Python, use the getdata method.")



From PPNTWIMBXFFC at spammotel.com  Tue Jul 11 10:18:49 2006
From: PPNTWIMBXFFC at spammotel.com (Marco Aschwanden)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:18:49 +0200
Subject: pyExcelerator - Can I read and modify an existing Excel-WorkBook?
Message-ID: <op.tci3dnj9c87q46@famasm>


Hi

I would like to
   1. import an existing Excel-sheet (a template)
   2. and add some data to it
   3. and save it under a different name afterwards.

To me it seems, that pyExcelerator does not support the reading for  
modification of an Excel-sheet. It allows only the "parse_xls" but I would  
like to keep the "formatting" in the template.

Did I miss a "load", "read" or "open" function in pyExcelerator that would  
hand me back a WorkBook?

Greetings,
Marco




From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 08:26:04 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 05:26:04 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
Message-ID: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello all,

I'm trying to extract the code object from a function, and exec it
without explicitly passing parameters.

The code object 'knows' it expects to receive paramaters. It's
'arg_count' attribute is readonly.

How can I set the arg_count to 0, or pass parameters to the code object
when I exec it ?

>>> def f(x):
...     print x
...
>>> c = f.func_code
>>> type(c)
<type 'code'>
>>> exec c
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: f() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)
>>> c.co_argcount
1
>>> c.co_argcount = 0
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: readonly attribute
>>> 

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 20 11:50:15 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:50:15 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <4i9n1oF2oliaU1@uni-berlin.de>

> You mean:
> 
> class Pythonic(object):
>     def __init__(self):
>       self._is_active = True
> 
>     @apply
>     def is_active():
>       def fget(self): return self._is_active
>       def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
>       return property(**locals())

Neat! That slipped my attention over all this noisy and pointless 
discussion...

Regards,

Diez


From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 11:48:29 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:48:29 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i72gaF2f6hgU1@uni-berlin.de>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:

> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
> 
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
> 
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
> 
> 
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?

the only thing you can do is to either use a name to identify the component

supply = supply('supply')
compressor = compressor(downstream='combustor', upstream='supply')
combuster = combuster(downstream='turbine', upstream='compressor')

or to use some shallow objects that you then fill with information later

supply = supply()
combustor = combustor()
compressor = compressor()
turbine = turbine()
combuster.attach(downstream=turbine' upstream=compressor)


Diez


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 05:55:14 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 02:55:14 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

On State and Behavior:

To understand objects in terms of state and behavior you need to
absolve yourself from implementation details of languages and think at
an abstract level.

Take a button object, for example. It has state and behavior. Possible
states may include, is_active, is_focused, is_mapped, etc. Behavior is
what the button does when it responds to events, (e.g when you click on
it, or drag it, or position a pointer over it.) If you've done any form
of event based programming (GUI/Games/Simulation), this method of
thinking becomes natural.

As you can see, when I'm designing a button object, I don't care what
Python does with is_active. I don't care how it accesses. I don't care
what is_active means to Python. I don't care about Python's __get__
/__set__ special/latent functions or implementation details. is_active
to me and every other developer is a state of the button object. And at
that level that's all that matters. Python can tell me it's just ones
and zeros for all I care.

In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
changed by the object. For example, a third party randomly changing
is_active, (which Python lets you do freely and easily) from False to
True may crash your GUI. And I'm not making this up. Things like this
do really happen depending on the whackyness of your toolkit. So
sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object. Especially
if its state cannot afford to be corrupted rendering the system
unstable. And situations like this are found a plenty in event based
programming. Which is programming objects based almost entirely on
state and behavior. As you can see this has nothing to do with Python
vs Java's vs X's implementation of accessors and how using them sucks,
or how they aren't Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.

One of the requirements for designing robust object systems is ensuring
the state of objects aren't easily contaminated. That "state" is the
objects data (read: stuff the object needs to do something "reliably").
And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
accessors. It's not because they hate you or aren't aware of the
convenience of having direct access to an object's attributes. It's
just because these languages convenience/robustness ratios are
different.

Thinking in terms of callable vs non-callable is not helpful for me,
because it isn't high level enough. Thinking in terms of state and
behavior is, because it works regardless of programming language or
implementations. This is the reason I like working with Python. I
wanted a language that didn't bore me with it semantics and allowed me
to focus on design. Let me reiterate, I'm not obsessing over language
semantics, I just need practical, not religious, solutions for my
problem domain.

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> (snip)
> >
> > Okay, I feel I need to make myself clear. I certainly I'm not blaming
> > Python for my mistakes. And I don't think language X is better than
> > Python or vice-versa. Okay scrap the vice-versa. It was silly of me to
> > name the variable tmp regardless of whatever excuses I have. This also
> > doesn't mean in the future I wouldn't use shitty names for my
> > attributes. :-) I most likely will. But at least now I know how to
> > minimize its impact of such carelessness. I mentioned them above but I
> > repeat it hear again.
> >
> > 1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
>
> Please re-read my answer to your previous mention of this and my other
> remarks in this thread (and below in this thread) about the profound
> differences between Python and Java wrt/ object model and attribute
> access semantics.
>
> > 2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> > think about making it a property
>
> Unless you don't need to.
>
> > and name the property well,
>
> Indeed !-)
>
> > Other than that we are just arguing semantics of language. For example,
> > your view of objects is by categorizing its attributes in callable and
> > non-callable.
>
> And also API/implementation. These are to orthogonal problems - even in
> Java FWIW !-)
>
> > However, my categorization is state(data) and
> > behavior(methods).
>
> If properties are an equivalent of getters/setters, are properties state
> or behaviour ? According to your views, they are behaviour, if I
> understood you. In that case, what's the difference between 'directely'
> (which in fact implies going thru __getattribute__) accessing a public
> "data" attribute and accessing an implementation attribute by the mean
> of a descriptor (property or custom) ?
>
> * before:
>
> # mylib.py
> class Knight(object):
>    def __init__(self, name):
>      self.name = name
>
>    def sayHello(self):
>      print "hello, I'm %s" % self.name
>
> # mymain.py
> from mylib import Knight
> k = Knight("Robin")
> print k.name
> k.sayHello()
> k.name = "Lancelot"
> k.sayHello()
>
> * after
> # mylib.py
> class Knight(object):
>    def __init__(self, name):
>      self.name = name
>
>    @apply
>    def name():
>      def fget(self):
>         return self._xxx.capitalize()
>
>      def fset(self, name):
>         self._xxx = name
>
>    def sayHello(self):
>      print "hello, I'm %s" % self.name
>
> # mymain.py
> from mylib import Knight
> k = Knight("Robin")
> print k.name
> k.sayHello()
> k.name = "Lancelot"
> k.sayHello()
>
>
>
> > Neither ways of thinking about it is wrong.
>
> From the client code (including other methods of the same class) POV, is
> Knight.name behaviour or state ? Please, don't see it as a flame or a
> pissing context or whatever, and try to seriously answer this question.
>
> Thinking in terms of state and behaviour is certainly not wrong in
> itself, but what is state and what is behaviour ? If I pass a callable
> as an argument to another callable, is the first one data or behaviour ?
> If I return a callable from a another callable, is the first callable
> data or behaviour ?  In a Partial application object [1], is the stored
> callable data or behaviour ? Is the class of an object data or
> behaviour? Is it's metaclass data or behaviour ?
>
> [1] http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0309/
>
>
> > It just
> > reflects the way we design classes. When I'm coding I certainly don't
> > care about how Python accesses tmp.
>
> Neither do I. But I have in mind how I can change the way it is accessed.
>
> > What I do care about is how to
> > change tmp without breaking code left, right and center and the
> > facilities Python provides for making my code robust.
>
> cf Simon's answer and mines. But your original problem is not related to
> tmp being callable or not, it's related to how you use to think about
> them, hence name them.
>
> > Most other OO
> > languages provide accessors in addition to keywords for that kind of
> > stuff.
>
> Most OO languages *don't* provide you accessors - they indeed *forces
> you* to write them even for the most trivial cases. What Python (or any
> other language supporting "computed attributes" syntax) gives you is a
> way to avoid writing tedious, boilerplate code. Not more, not less.
>
> > I knew it wasn't Pythonic, but I wanted to know the Pythonic way
> > to do it. So I asked. My query does not automatically suggest Python
> > sucks. Neither those it suggest that Java or other OO languages are
> > better. I asked because I sincerely wanted to know the Pythonic way
> > handling issues like that.
>
> Mark as implementation what is obviously implementation (be it callable
> or not), mark as API what is obviously API (be it callable or not). In
> both cases, there will be simple ways to either expose an implementation
> name or make a non-callable attribute a property. And *always* try to be
> careful about naming, at least (but not restricted to) wrt/ your API.
>
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 10 06:37:48 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:37:48 +0100
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <1152409975.615589.256740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02><fqYrg.6802$nK.3706@dukeread05>
	<1152409975.615589.256740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8tals$mqa$1@sea.gmane.org>

tac-tics wrote:
> Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>>I don't know, if I were the genious that made up Python I would not believe
>>in any bible (small b)
> 
> 
> Take it to alt.religion please.
> 
> 
Take it to alt.narrow-mondedness please.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From faulal at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 10:52:35 2006
From: faulal at gmail.com (faulal at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 07:52:35 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153147955.826236.133810@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


TG wrote:

> Hi there.
>
> Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
> * A is an array of shape (n,)
> * X is a positive float number
> * B is an array of shape (n,)
> * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
> 
> A.X - B = O
> min(X)
> 
> thanks.



From kbk at shore.net  Wed Jul 26 22:18:12 2006
From: kbk at shore.net (Kurt B. Kaiser)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:18:12 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Weekly Python Patch/Bug Summary
Message-ID: <200607270218.k6R2ICQ9021704@bayview.thirdcreek.com>

Patch / Bug Summary
___________________

Patches :  401 open ( +3) /  3342 closed ( +8) /  3743 total (+11)
Bugs    :  896 open ( -8) /  6035 closed (+24) /  6931 total (+16)
RFE     :  224 open ( +2) /   233 closed ( +2) /   457 total ( +4)

New / Reopened Patches
______________________

pkgutil.walk_packages ignores onerror arg  (2006-07-20)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1525766  opened by  James Y Knight

Tkdnd mouse cursor handling patch  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525806  opened by  klappnase

calltip awkwardly shortened  (2006-07-20)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1525817  opened by  Lingl

str.__iter__ and unicode.__iter__  (2006-07-21)
       http://python.org/sf/1526367  opened by  Walter D??rwald

Fix socketmodule compile on NetBSD  (2006-07-21)
       http://python.org/sf/1526460  opened by  Matt Fleming

New module: miniconf  (2006-07-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1527597  opened by  S.Fourmanoit

winsound - probably win9x port is not working  (2006-07-24)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1527744  opened by  Hirokazu Yamamoto

Expose case-insensitivity of string.Template  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528167  opened by  Chad Whitacre

PyShell.recall - fix indentation logic  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528468  opened by  Tal Einat

patch for mbcs codecs  (2006-03-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1455898  reopened by  ocean-city

Patches Closed
______________

pkgutil.walk_packages ignores onerror arg  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525766  closed by  gbrandl

calltip awkwardly shortened  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525817  closed by  loewis

ParenMatch: workaround for misinterpreting of closing parens  (2006-01-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1407280  closed by  kbk

Syntax-related improvements to IDLE  (2004-02-28)
       http://python.org/sf/906702  closed by  kbk

(partial?) fix for Misc/python-config.in  (2006-07-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1523356  closed by  gbrandl

ConnectRegistry blocks all threads  (2006-03-12)
       http://python.org/sf/1448199  closed by  loewis

MS Windows - module search path fix  (2005-07-04)
       http://python.org/sf/1232023  closed by  loewis

winsound - probably win9x port is not working  (2006-07-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1527744  closed by  gbrandl

1515163 fix - traceback and str exc  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515343  closed by  gbrandl

New / Reopened Bugs
___________________

inspect.py: still infinite recursion inspecting frames  (2006-07-03)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1516184  reopened by  nnorwitz

Bug in shutil.copytree on Windows  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525866  opened by  Mike Foord

email package quoted printable behaviour changed  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525919  opened by  Thomas Arendsen Hein

Win32: subprocess.Popen() w/o "pipe" throws an exception  (2006-07-21)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1526203  opened by  Larry Hastings

Concatenation on a long string breaks  (2006-07-21)
       http://python.org/sf/1526585  opened by  Jp Calderone

current directory added to sys.path on win32  (2006-07-22)
CLOSED http://python.org/sf/1526785  opened by  John Ehresman

unbalanced parentheses  from command line crash pdb  (2006-07-21)
       http://python.org/sf/1526834  opened by  Ilya Sandler

PythonLauncher uses incorrect working directory  (2006-07-23)
       http://python.org/sf/1527397  opened by  Bob Ippolito

optparse should support arbitrary number of arguments  (2006-07-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1527705  reopened by  riteshsarraf

optparse should support arbitrary number of arguments  (2006-07-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1527705  opened by  Ritesh Raj Sarraf

tarfile chokes on ipython archive on Windows  (2006-07-24)
       http://python.org/sf/1527974  opened by  Arve Knudsen

difflib.SequenceMatcher.find_longest_match()  wrong result  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528074  opened by  John Machin

urllib2 data argument  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528258  opened by  paul rubin

forward in turtle module may cause incorrect display  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528363  opened by  NatureMage

IDLE: printing issue on OSX  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528593  opened by  Ronald Oussoren

Python 2.5b2 fails to build on Solaris 10  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528620  opened by  Guido Ostkamp

Python 2.5b2 fails to build (GCC) on Solaris 10  (2006-07-26)
       http://python.org/sf/1529269  opened by  Guido Ostkamp

Bugs Closed
___________

inspect.py: still infinite recursion inspecting frames  (2006-07-03)
       http://python.org/sf/1516184  closed by  pje

logging using the SysLog handler fails if locale is set  (2006-07-17)
       http://python.org/sf/1524081  closed by  vsajip

Win32: subprocess.Popen() w/o "pipe" throws an exception  (2006-07-21)
       http://python.org/sf/1526203  closed by  gbrandl

Malloc, memory error, failmalloc, low memory.  (2006-07-19)
       http://python.org/sf/1525589  closed by  nnorwitz

current directory added to sys.path on win32  (2006-07-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1526785  closed by  loewis

IDLE (macosx): Class and Path browsers show Tk menu  (2006-07-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1517996  closed by  ronaldoussoren

Column Number is not visible in MacOSX  (2003-07-09)
       http://python.org/sf/768481  closed by  kbk

Tooltip-window doesn't vanish if...  (2003-07-22)
       http://python.org/sf/775535  closed by  kbk

failure of test_ossaudiodev; elapsed time .1 sec faster  (2006-06-05)
       http://python.org/sf/1501330  closed by  gward

Argument missing from calltip for new-style class init  (2004-09-13)
       http://python.org/sf/1027566  closed by  kbk

length of unicode string changes print behaviour  (2006-02-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1436532  closed by  loewis

exec and eval allocate lots of memory and do not free it  (2006-07-20)
       http://python.org/sf/1525678  closed by  loewis

os.listdir doesn't check error code from FindNextFile  (2006-07-18)
       http://python.org/sf/1524310  closed by  loewis

os.path.abspath() / os.chdir() buggy with unicode paths  (2005-09-07)
       http://python.org/sf/1283895  closed by  loewis

traceback now masks some string exceptions  (2006-06-30)
       http://python.org/sf/1515163  closed by  gbrandl

sys.ps1 not protected in EditorWindow.py  (2004-08-16)
       http://python.org/sf/1010370  closed by  kbk

EditorWindow demo causes attr-error  (2006-01-28)
       http://python.org/sf/1417598  closed by  kbk

Building 2.5a1 requires python  (2006-04-06)
       http://python.org/sf/1465408  closed by  anthonybaxter

New / Reopened RFE
__________________

New sequences for Unicode classes needed  (2006-07-25)
       http://python.org/sf/1528154  opened by  gmarketer

RFE Closed
__________

Add Windows 9x/ME (lack of) support information to README.TX  (2006-06-22)
       http://python.org/sf/1510853  closed by  loewis



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 16 01:39:32 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 15:39:32 +1000
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <1153025650.020307.276670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153025650.020307.276670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b9d114$1@news.eftel.com>

On 16/07/2006 2:54 PM, Nick Vatamaniuc top-posted:
> Yi,
> Use the linecache module.

Yi, *don't* use the linecache module without carefully comparing the 
documentation and the implementation with your requirements.

You will find that you have the source code on your computer -- mine 
(Windows box) is at c:\Python24\Lib\linecache.py. When you read right 
down to the end (it's not a large file, only 108 lines), you'll find this:

     try:
         fp = open(fullname, 'rU')
         lines = fp.readlines()
         fp.close()
     except IOError, msg:
##      print '*** Cannot open', fullname, ':', msg
         return []
     size, mtime = stat.st_size, stat.st_mtime
     cache[filename] = size, mtime, lines, fullname

Looks like it's caching the *whole* of *each* file. Not unreasonable 
given it appears to have been written to get source lines to include in 
tracebacks.

It might just not be what you want if as you say you have "a huge txt 
file". How many megabytes is "huge"?

Cheers,
John

  The documentation states that :
> """
> The linecache module allows one to get any line from any file, while
> attempting to optimize internally, using a cache, the common case where
> many lines are read from a single file.
>>>> import linecache
>>>> linecache.getline('/etc/passwd', 4)
> 'sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh\012'
> """
> 
> Please note that you cannot really skip over the lines unless each has
> a fixed known size. (and if all lines have a fixed, known size then
> they can be considered as 'records' and you can use seek() and other
> random access magic. That is why sometimes it is a lot faster to use
> fixed length rows in a database => increase the speed of search but at
> the expense of wasted space! - but this is a another topic for another
> discussion...).
> 
> So the point is that you won't be able to jump to line 15000 without
> reading lines 0-14999. You can either iterate over the rows by yourself
> or simply use the 'linecache' module like shown above. If I were you I
> would use the linecache, but of course you don't mention anything about
> the context of your project so it is hard to say.
> 
> Hope this helps,
> Nick Vatamaniuc
> 
> 
> Yi Xing wrote:
>> Hi All,
>>
>> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #).
>> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast
>> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.
>>
>> Yi Xing
> 


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 00:50:49 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 21:50:49 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> (snip)
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
> >>>>
> >>>>Indeed.
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> >>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
> >>>>
> >>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
> >>>>
> >>>>(snip)
> >>>
> >>>I never advocated anything.
> >>
> >>You advocated
> >>"""
> >>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
> >>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> >>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
> >>you never know...
> >>"""
> >>
> >
> >
> > You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
>
> Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
>

You make the attribute private/protected.

> > That's not advocacy, that's common sense.
>
> I'm afraid we don't use the same definition of "common sense". Writing
> useless code is not part of my definition of "common sense".
>
> (snip)
> >>>
> >>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
> >>>and not language dependent semantics.
> >>
> >>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
> >>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
> >>
> >
> >
> > Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> > object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
>
> Let's try again...
>
> point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
> Just a *convention*.
>

Huh? What are properties for then?

> point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
> internal data" at will.
>

And this is robust how?

> point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
> system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
> internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
> were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
> own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
> he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
> to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
> for this.
>

You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.

> point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
> attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
> with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
>
> Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
>
> class Complicated(object):
>   def __init__(self, data):
>     self.data = data
>   def _get_data(self):
>     return self._data
>   def _set_data(self, data):
>     self._data = data
>
> and
>
> class Pragmatic(object):
>   def __init__(self, data)
>     self.data = data
>
>
> and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
> second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
>

I don't know it's your code not mine.

class Robust(object):

	def __init__(self):
		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
		# corrupt the whole event system.
		self.__is_active = True

	def get_is_active(self):
		return self.__is_active

	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
editable")

	def monitor_events(self):
		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
		# Add code to change __is_active here.
		return

See! I'm controlling access. Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
down 27000 lines of code to do it. Also a naive third party won't crash
my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily. Because in the real
world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
among other forms of ridicule. And your supposed solution to my problem
is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active." Ha! And if
you can't figure out why anyone would do this, then I'm not wasting my
time here anymore. Someday you'll learn the hard way.

Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.

Bye



From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:57:34 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:57:34 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152218247.957084.262150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152218247.957084.262150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152219454.404167.272240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

John,
To see where Python is looking for libraries open an interactive Python
prompt and type
>>> import sys
>>> print sys.path
You will get a list of paths where Python will look for modules. Also
check to see if you have the PYTHONPATH environment variable set. If
/usr/lib is not in the path list then Python won't be able to import wx
from there. To test your wx app, you can append to sys.path the path of
your wx module then try to import again.

Hope this helps,
Nick V.



diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> How can we find that it is not using the right version of Python ?
>
> John Salerno wrote:
> > diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > > Error message "cannot find wx"
> > >
> > > infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/
> > >
> > > I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I need
> > > to set some path or something.
> >
> > Could it be that it is trying to use another, pre-installed version of
> > Python -- one which doesn't have wxPython installed with it?



From joncle at googlemail.com  Mon Jul  3 08:01:01 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 05:01:01 -0700
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
In-Reply-To: <44a8fc54@news.eftel.com>
References: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920542.876526.88200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a8fc54@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1151928061.302117.96750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
(snip)
>
> You have already been told: you don't need "self.<what>", you just write
> "self" ... self *is* a reference to the instance of the mystr class that
> is being operated on by the substr method.
>
(snip)

I get that; let me clarify why I asked again.

As far as I'm aware, the actual representation of a string needn't be
the same as its 'physical' value. ie, a string could always appear in
uppercase ('ABCD'), while stored as 'aBcd'. If I need to guarantee that
substr always returned from the physical representation and not the
external appearance, how would I do this? Or, would self, always return
internal representation, (if so, how would I get external appearance?).

Or I could be talking complete _beep_ - in which case I apologise.

Jon.



From p.barbierdereuille at free.fr  Sun Jul 30 15:20:10 2006
From: p.barbierdereuille at free.fr (Pierre Barbier de Reuille)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 20:20:10 +0100
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154280069.825257.83170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44ca4465$0$20963$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154280069.825257.83170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cd0673$0$5486$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> Pierre Barbier de Reuille wrote:
[...]
> 
> I thank you for your response. The equivalent of your solution is
> posted hereunder:
> class cA(object):
>         count=0
>         def __init__(self):
>                 self.__class__.count +=1
>         @classmethod
>         def getcount(cls):
>                 return cls.count
> 	def __del__(self):
> 		self.__class__.count -=1
> class cB(cA):
>         count=0
>         def __init__(self):
> 		super(cB,self).__init__()
> 		for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
> 			klass.count +=1
> 
> a=cA() ; b=cA(); c= cA()
> d=cB() ; e=cB(); f= cB()
> a.a=1;b.a=1;c.a=1;d.a=1;e.a=1;f.a=1
> g=cA()
> g.a=1
> print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 7
> print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
> del g
> print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 6
> print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
> 
> There is nothing impossible in Python ;-)
> 
> Alain
> 

Well, nothing is impossible, but it is now much much more complex ! As a
proof of that, your version does not work completely :P (try deleting d
for example).

I add a working version, but you will also notice that I have to
*explicitly* walk over all the classes of the hierarchy, testing for the
one who have a "count" attribute, hoping that this attribute is indeed
for counting the number of objects and not anything else ... so the
solution is quite fragile and very slow.

class cA(object):
        count=0
        def __init__(self):
                self.__class__.count +=1
                for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
                        if hasattr( klass, "count" ):
                                klass.count += 1

        @classmethod
        def getcount(cls):
                return cls.count
        def __del__(self):
                self.__class__.count -=1
                for klass in self.__class__.__bases__:
                        if hasattr( klass, "count" ):
                                klass.count -= 1
class cB(cA):
        count=0

a=cA() ; b=cA(); c= cA()
d=cB() ; e=cB(); f= cB()
a.a=1;b.a=1;c.a=1;d.a=1;e.a=1;f.a=1
g=cA()
g.a=1
print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 7
print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  3
del g
del d
print  '#cA=',cA.getcount()  # 5
print '#cB=',cB.getcount() #  2

Pierre


From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 13 06:35:10 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:35:10 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
In-Reply-To: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hmlv0Fa3kgU1@uni-berlin.de>

S?bastien Boisg?rault schrieb:
> Hi,
> 
> Could anyone explain me how the python string "?" is mapped to
> the binary code "\xe9" in my python interpreter ?
> 
> "?" is not present in the 7-bit ASCII table that is the default
> encoding, right ? So is the mapping "?" -> "\xe9" portable ?
> (site-)configuration dependent ? Can anyone have something
> different of "?" when 'print "\xe9"' is executed ? If the process
> is config-dependent, what kind of config info is used ?

The default encoding has nothing to do with this. "\xe9" is just a byte. 
You can write it into a file (which the terminal is basically), and no 
default encoding whatsoever in the mix.

The default-encoding comes into play when you write unicode(!) strings 
to a file. Then the unicode string is converted to a byte string using 
the default-eocoding. Which will fail miserably if the default encoding 
is ascii (as it is supposed to be) and your unicode string contains any 
"funny" characters.

But even if you encode the unicode string explicitely with an encoding 
like latin1 or utf-8, the resulting byte strings will just be written to 
the file. And it is a totally different question (and actually not 
controllable by you/python) if the terminal will interpret the bytes 
correct or not.

Diez


From claudio.zambaldi at web.de  Thu Jul 27 05:29:35 2006
From: claudio.zambaldi at web.de (cz)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 02:29:35 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list? PROBLEM SOLVED.
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8076.1152716292.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152728622.034358.246220@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153992575.687547.46700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


ruibalp at gmail.com wrote:
> It looks like the PyTensor object *should* have .xx, .xy, etc
> properties, but they may be accessible through a matrix, i.e. .t(i,j)


Thanks to all of you for your help!
The solution is easy: The tensor components have labels t11, t12,...
Good guess ruibalp!



From brian.mcf1985 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 16:11:23 2006
From: brian.mcf1985 at gmail.com (Brian McFarland)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:11:23 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154117482.991037.247780@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Dumb question... but you're 100% positive your python install is in
"C:\Program Files\Python24"  and not just "C:\Python24"  Right?


Also, an alternative approach to being able to run python from the
command line is to add it to the path variable in each instance of
cmd.exe when it starts up.  To do this, run regedit, then edit the key
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Command Process\AutoRun"  You
might have to add the key autorun if it's not there, and this can be
done in CURRENT_USER or LOCAL_MACHINE.   Enter the value :

PATH %PATH%;C:\progra~1\python24;


I use this approach to add directories containing other command line
tools that I don't necessarily want in the path all the time since a
cluttered path can cause problems sometimes.



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:31:00 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 21:31:00 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


greenflame wrote:
> I want to make a function that does the following. I will call it
> thefunc for short.
>
> >>> s = "Char"
> >>> thefunc(s)
> >>> s
> '||Char>>'
>
> I tried the following
>
> def thefunc(s):
>     s = "||" + s + ">>"
>
> The problem is that if I look at the string after I apply the function
> to it, it is not modified. I realized that I am having issues with the
> scope of the variables. The string in the function, s, is local to the
> function and thus I am not changing the string that was inputed, but a
> copy. I cannot seem to figure out how to get what I want done. Thank
> you for your time.

quick hack

def thefunc(s):
    return s = "||" + s + ">>"

>>> s = "hello"
>>> s = thefunc(s)
>>> print s
       ||hello>>


--Cheers



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Tue Jul 25 11:02:31 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 10:02:31 -0500
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Mpqxg.1$DA3.0@dukeread05>

Mr. Roboto wrote:

> 
> Folks:  I want to embark on a project to add Python (actually, wxPython
> or PythonWin) to a new Windows app I want to start writing soon.
> Essentially, I want to take VB6 (or pos Delphi) and construct the app
> framework/core functionality using one of those languages, then extend
> the app w/ Python, the same way one can extend the MS Office apps
> using VBA.  The core Python docs provide the fundamental info one
> needs to get started.  But, I've been looking for some pointers to
> articles/web pages that will bootstrap the effort, so I won't have to
> completely reinvent the wheel.  So far, the c.l.p ngroup traffic (and
> the web in general) that speaks to this subject is apparently pretty
> sparse.  Since I'm a one-man show, it would be helpful if anyone could
> offer pointers to sites/pages/books that address some of these issues:
> 
> 1)  To COM or not ?  From an implementation standpoint, it seems
> worthwhile to build the host app as a series of COM objects, which
> could then be ref'd/manipulated via external Python code.  Not sure if
> this makes sense from a performance-perspective, but I doubt the apps
> I'm thinking about (mostly desk accessory utils kinda, sorta) are
> going to be compute-intensive at all.
> 
> 2)  SWIG or not ?  Have never used it, but know that SWIG has been
> ref'd many times in the ngroup as an tool for facilitating the use of
> Python as an embedded language.  Is SWIG worth the effort for a
> relatively small (<10 KLOC) app ?
> 
> 3)  Handling exceptions.  I want to start from Day One with a sensible
> approach to debugging and testing both host objects and external
> scripts.
> 
> 4)  Deployment.  Size (30 - 50MB for wxPython or PyWin alone) and a
> silent install of either pkg prior to installing the host app.
> 
> Regardless of the conversation in this group, I plan to get started in
> the next few days.  This is how I'm currently looking at the above
> issues:
> 
> 1)  COM:  Yes, since COM seems like an easy fit w/o writing lotsa
> glue code because of built-in support via PyWin
> 
> 2)  SWIG:  Not for a 1st cut, at least not to get one's feet wet, so
> to speak
> 
> 3)  Exceptions:  No clue.  Need to closely read Extending/Embedding
> Python for more guidance
> 
> 4) Deployment: Bite the disk space bullet and use PyWin or wxPython as
> is
> 
> Anyway, that's the beginning of the conversation.  If you have any
> observations or suggestions, please feel free.  Later...MR


Do you have major performances issues ? why not write everything in
Python/WxPython ?


I used to write my applications in VB6 with python com objects ... and
decided there was no gain there.

Regards,

Philippe






From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 04:03:16 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 01:03:16 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <0ideb2pm854tbmaqf30fnnr7e8jtd9hi0k@4ax.com>
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0ideb2pm854tbmaqf30fnnr7e8jtd9hi0k@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152864196.285749.113580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

George Neuner wrote:
> On 13 Jul 2006 08:45:49 -0700, "Marshall" <marshall.spight at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >On the other hand, there is no problem domain for which pointers
> >are a requirement. I agree they are deucedly convenient, though.
> >
>
> I would argue that pointers/references _are_ a requirement for I/O.  I
> know of no workable method for interpreting raw bits as meaningful
> data other than to overlay a typed template upon them.

I think I know what you mean. I agree that pointers are necessary
for, e.g., device drivers. So I have to weaken my earlier statement.


> Categorically disallowing address manipulation functionally cripples
> the language because an important class of programs (system programs)
> cannot be written.

That's fair, although I could argue how important systems programming
is these days. (And C/C++ are cock-of-the-walk there anyway.)


> Of course, languages can go overboard the other way too.  IMO, C did
> not need to provide address arithmetic at the language level,
> reinterpretable references and array indexing would have sufficed for
> any use.  Modula 3's type safe view is an example of getting it right.
>
> It is quite reasonable to say "I don't write _____ so I don't need
> [whatever language feature enables writing it]".  It is important,
> however, to be aware of the limitation and make your choice
> deliberately.

Agreed.


Marshall



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 13:10:43 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 17:10:43 GMT
Subject: HTTPBasicAuthHandler doesn't work
References: <1152452020.842101.128450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87k66moga4.fsf@reportlab.com>

nicolas.surribas at gmail.com writes:

> Hi !
> I'm trying to add the HTTP basic authentification to my web spider but
> it doesn't work...
> The HTTPBasicAuthHandler don't send the headers for authentification
> :-(

Hi

Several bugs were fixed with Basic auth in Python 2.5.  I'd be most
grateful if you can verify that your program works with Python 2.5
beta1:

http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.5/


Please let me know either way whether or not it works for you with the
2.5 beta1 (beta2 is coming very soon, so get in quick if you want to
help make sure this works right in future!).

Below are a couple of tips unrelated to your question.


By the way, s/authentification/authentication/ :-)


> Here is the code : http://devloop.lyua.org/releases/lswww_urllib2.py
> 
> def
> __init__(self,rooturl,firsturl=[],forbidden=[],proxy={},cookie="",auth_basic=[]):
> 	root=rooturl
> 	self.excluded=forbidden
> 	self.proxy=proxy
> 	self.cookie=cookie
> 	self.auth_basic=auth_basic
> 	if root[-1]!="/":
> 		root+="/"
> 	if(self.checklink(root)):
> 		print "Invalid link argument"
> 		sys.exit(0)
> 	for lien in firsturl:
> 		if(self.checklink(lien)):

More Pythonic for checklink to raise ValueError here than return
non-zero.


> 			print "Invalid link argument"
> 			sys.exit(0)
> 	server=(root.split("://")[1]).split("/")[0]
[...]

Better to use module urlparse.


John


From http  Sun Jul 30 18:08:29 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:08:29 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7xbqr6lp9e.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an embedded
> system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any python library.
> 
> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678

This is untested, but should give you the idea:

First, convert that list to a decimal digit string:

   s = ''.join(map(str, l1))

Then convert the string to an integer:

   n = int(s)    # base 10 is the default

Then convert the integer to a hex digit string:

   h = '%X' % n

Finally, convert the hex digit string to a list of integer values of the
individual digits:

   vlist = [int(d, 16) for d in h]

This is the list you want.

If you prefer, You can do it all in one line:

   vlist = [int(d, 16) for d in ('%X' % int(''.join(map(str, l1))))]


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul 11 19:52:09 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:52:09 +1000
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1cTsg.531610$9z4.12985458@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.11.23.52.08.774970@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 11 Jul 2006 19:43:57 +0000, Roel Schroeven wrote:

> I know that that is the consensus, and I mostly the form without len(), 
> but somehow I still feel it is not as explicit. In
> 
> if seq:
> 
> there is no distinction between seq is None on the one hand and seq 
> being a valid empty sequence on the other hand.

If seq can be None as well as a sequence, doing a test "if len(seq) > 0"
won't save you because len(None) will fail. You need an explicit test
for seq being None:

if seq is not None and len(seq) > 0

Or even better:

if seq

which Just Works regardless of the type of seq.



> I feel that that is an import distinction, and it's the reason I find 
> myself using len() from time to time (even though I can't think of a use 
> case right now).

If you are writing code where the argument in question could be None or a
list, then obviously you need to explicitly test for it being None -- but
that doesn't mean you have to explicitly test for the length of the list.
Likewise if the argument could be an integer as well as a sequence, you
need a more complex test again:

if x is not None and (isinstance(x, int) and x > 0) or len(x) > 0

(and I hope I got that right... so many potential bugs in that "safer"
code)

Or, the right way to do it:

if x

which Just Works for any x without worrying about type-checking or
combining boolean expressions or the precedence of operators.


Explicit doesn't mean you have to spell out every last detail. We don't
normally write:

x.__getitem__(0) instead of x[0]
s.split(None, 0) instead of s.split()
range(0, 100, 1) instead of range(100)
locals().__getitem__('name') instead of name

because they are "more explicit". There are times when more is too much.
The idiom "if seq" is a well-understood, well-defined, explicit test of
whether the sequence is true in a Boolean context, which for many
containers (lists, tuples, dicts, etc.) corresponds to them having
non-zero length, but that is not an invariant. There are potential
container types that either don't define a length or always have a
non-zero length even when they are false.


-- 
Steven.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 05:04:07 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:04:07 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr><1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e952a7$57v$1@sea.gmane.org>

"mystilleef" wrote:

> Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
> does that solve my naming issues.

if your code is as muddled as your rhetorics, your only solution might be
to give up programming.

</F> 





From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:27:41 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:27:41 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

There's a few good reasons.
1 - golden handcuffs.  Breaking old code is bad 90% of the time
2 - creating a set MAY be slower.

Python's sets seem to imply to that they will always be a hash map.  in
this case, some creative hash map "mapping" could allow one to create a
set without calculating hash codes (make the set hashmap have the same
dimentions and rules as the dictionary one).
If there was intent to allow Python implementations to use trees for
the set, then a list is far faster to create (O(n) time instead of
O(nlogn)).

3 - using a set is sometimes slower (just as using a list is sometimes
slower)
I can't speak for your code, but this is the most common use of keys in
my coding:
# d is some dictionary
keys = d.keys()
keys.sort()
for k in keys:
  #blah

sets cannot be sorted, while lists can.  If keys() returned a set, then
I'd have to turn it into a list every time.

There's potential to add "views" to python (a key view of a dictionary
being a frozenset containing the dictionary's keys, which is updated
whenever the dictionary updates), but I think thats annother topic
which is out of the scope of your origional idea.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 18 13:22:33 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 19:22:33 +0200
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i4jktF234d2U1@uni-berlin.de>

Simon Forman wrote:

> Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
>>
>> Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
>> that you can put any numbers in you like
>>
> 
> I know this is self-evident to most of the people reading this, but I
> thought it worth pointing out that this is a great way to test
> membership in range(lo, hi, step) without doing "the necessary
> algebra".
> 
> i.e.  n in set(xrange(0, 10000, 23)) ...

No, its not. It works, but it works by no means faster than 

n in range(0, 10000, 23)

Both need O(n), which is a bit slow compared to

(((n - 15) % 23) == 0 and n >= 15 and n < 10000)

that will run in O(1)

Diez


From thibault at physics.cornell.edu  Thu Jul 27 10:02:40 2006
From: thibault at physics.cornell.edu (Pierre Thibault)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:02:40 -0400
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea8e12$1ic$02$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.27.14.02.37.365725@physics.cornell.edu>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 20:59:12 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:

> Pierre Thibault wrote:
> 
>> Hum, this example seems like a special case not really appropriate for my
>> needs. Let me make my problem a little more precise. The objects I'll want
>> to iterate through will always contain some floats. Very often, I guess
>> they will be numpy.ndarray instances, but they can be something else as
>> well. For instance, I will have to deal with arrays having internal
>> symmetries (crystallographic datasets). The most efficient thing to do
>> with those is save only the unique values and keep track of the symmetry
>> operations needed to extract other values.
>> 
>> A 1d examples: I have a class which represents a unit cell
>> which has the additional mirror symmetry in the middle of the cell. Say
>> C is an instance of this class representing data on a 50-long array. Only
>> 25 datum will be stored in C, and the class takes care of giving the value
>> of C[0] if C[49] is asked, C[1] for C[48], and so on. Since crystals are
>> periodic, the translational symmetry can also be managed (C[-1] == C[49]
>> == C[0], C[-2] == C[48] == C[1]...). In any case, the user of this object
>> need not know how the data is stored: for him, C is just a funny
>> array-like object defined from -infinity to +infinity on a 1-D lattice.
>> 
>> Now, I want to do simple math operations on the data in C. Doing a loop
>> from 0 to 49 would loop twice through the actual data. In this
>> context, an iterator is perfect since it can take care internally of going
>> through the data only once, so it would be great to access _AND MODIFY_
>> data over which I iterate.
> 
> That would not only be nice but crucial to the integrity of your data. You'd
> have to explicitly forbid operations on individual cells as applying an
> operation to a single cell would change two or more cells, depending of the
> kind of symmetry.
> 
>> I now realize I don't know how to do that with numpy.ndarray either. It
>> looks like the only way I can modify the content of an array is by using
>> the [] notation (that is, in random access). For instance, the
>> following will not change the state of a:
>> 
>> import numpy
>> a = numpy.array([[1.,2.,3.],[4.,5.,6.],[7.,8.,9.]])
>> 
>> for c in a.flat
>>     c += 2.
>> 
>> Of course, I know that a += .2 would be alright, but this is not general
>> enough for more complicated classes.
>> 
>> So I guess my problem is worst than I thought.
> 
> Indeed, but I don't think it would be easier in C++...
> 
> Peter

Well, no, C++ is better in this case because the thing you iterate over is
a generalized pointer, which can be dereferenced to get access to the
memory. So in other word, iterator.next() (in python) is a copy, while
*iterator (in C++) is a reference. 

Thanks anyway for your comments!

Pierre



From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 10:35:00 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 11:35:00 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebis1g.r5o.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>
Message-ID: <84mbenoca2t7$.4r2wiernz5kl$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-15 19:46:16, Ben C wrote:

> There isn't any practical difference, as you say, if all the setter does
> is set. But it might easily do a few other subtle things, in particular
> wait for a good moment to actually effect the change.

I agree. But even then, for me there's no practical difference between
calling a setter that does those other subtle things, or setting an
attribute, and by this triggering the associated property handler than then
does what in the other case the setter would do.

Gerhard



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  1 04:16:23 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 10:16:23 +0200
Subject: Maximize main window with code
In-Reply-To: <44a5e356$0$14238$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
References: <44a5e356$0$14238$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
Message-ID: <e85b0i$mn0$1@sea.gmane.org>

JohnJohnUSA wrote:

> I am new to Python.  How do I get the following program to appear
> initially with the window maximized?  Thanks for your help!
> 
> from Tkinter import *
> # set up the window itself
> top = Tk()

top.state("zoomed")

> F = Frame(top)
> F.pack()
> # add the widgets
> lHello = Label(F, text="Hello")
> lHello.pack()
> bQuit = Button(F, text="Quit", command=F.quit)
> bQuit.pack()
> # set the loop running
> top.mainloop()

</F>



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 01:17:50 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:17:50 +1200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9scck$ali$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153537336.305790.311650 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, Justin 
Azoff wrote:

> Simon Forman wrote:
>> That third option seems to work fine.
> 
> Well it does, but there are still many things wrong with it
> 
>     if len(tok) > 0:
> should be written as
>     if(tok):

I prefer the first way. Besides, your way is sub-optimal.


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul  5 10:29:51 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 14:29:51 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-05, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
> (snip)
>> Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
>> works,
>
> I'm not sure of this.

Should I care about that?

>> I keep finding it strange that something like
>> 
>>   k = [0]
>>   def f(i):
>>     k[0] += i
>>   f(2)
>> 
>> works but the following doesn't
>> 
>>   k = 0
>>   def f(i):
>>     k += i
>>   f(2)
>> 
>> 
>> Personnaly I see no reason why finding a name/identifier on the
>> leftside of an assignment should depend on whether the name
>> is the target or prefix for the target.
>
> It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
> between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.

The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
if will also search the outerscopes for the name.

Python could have chosen an approach with a "nested" keyword, to allow
rebinding a name in an intermediate scope. It is not that big a deal
that it hasn't, but I keep finding the result strange and somewhat
counterintuitive.

Let me explain why:

Suppose someone is rather new of python and writes the following
code, manipulating vectors:

  A = 10 * [0]
  def f(B):
    ...
    for i in xrange(10):
      A[i] += B[i]
    ...

Then he hears about the vector and matrix modules that are around.
So he rewrites his code naively as follows:

  A = NullVector(10):
  def f(B):
    ...
    A += B
    ...

And it won't work. IMO the principle of least surprise here would
be that it should work.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From dfh at forestfield.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 08:12:13 2006
From: dfh at forestfield.co.uk (David Hughes)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:12:13 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153311132.971933.291490@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> Frank Millman wrote:
>
> > Try self.PlantCtrl.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl)
>
> And Voila! It works. Many, many thanks.
>
> Any idea what is going on?

AIUI, wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS is not a Command Event i.e. it doesn't
propagate up the hierarchy of widgets until it gets handled, so it has
to be bound explicitly to the control itself, as above.

Originally you used:

self.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl, self.PlantCtrl)

which binds the event to self (presumably the containing frame or
panel) and adds the condition that it must come from  self.PlantCtrl -
which never happens.

--
Regards
David Hughes



From xristoph at googlemail.com  Mon Jul 24 11:54:32 2006
From: xristoph at googlemail.com (xristoph at googlemail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 08:54:32 -0700
Subject: python xmlrpc: cannot handle connection errors
Message-ID: <1153756472.801874.74190@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello everyone!

I am trying to set up a broker-worker system (one broker, multiple and
heterogeneous workers) in python for a local network (though possibly
also over inet). I am using SimpleXMLRPCServer and
xmlrpclib.ServerProxy for connections.

Whatever I do, after about 100,000 to 150,000 XMLRPCalls over a single
ServerProxy connection, I am getting a connection error (usually
"connection reset by peer"). I have tried deleting the ServerProxy,
setting up a new one and calling the function again when the error
occurs, but this does not change anything:

# this is the worker's secureRPC; the broker's works analogously
def worker_secureRPC(self, fname, args=None):
		tries = 2             # raising the nr of tries does not change
anything
		retval = None
                for i in range(0,tries):
			try:
				fref = self.getfref(fname)
                                # returns a reference to
self.sender.fname
				if (args==None):
					retval = fref()
				else:
					retval = fref(*args)
                                except:
				self.sender = None
				time.sleep(1)
				self.sender = ServerProxy("http://" + self.brokerHost + ":" +
str(self.brokerPort))
				if (i>=(tries-1)):
					raise


Then, thinking that maybe the "return" statement produces the error, I
tried doing error handling there as well (keep in mind that the
function might have been called already, so don't do the same action
twice):

	def worker_foo(self, popcontainer, failed=[]):
		self.lock.acquire()
		if (len(failed) > 0):
			while (len(failed) > 0):
				failed.pop()
		else:
                        do_stuff_in_new_thread()
		self.lock.release()
		try:
			return True
		except:
			failed.append("failed")

The function foo gets called remotely after the set-up of the new
ServerProxy, but does produce the same error again! (socket.error:
connection reset by peer). Btw, another function sends the result back
to the Broker again via xmlrpc, resulting in asynchronous
communication, so we only need to return some bogus value here.

Am I missing sth obvious here, or why can I not re-build the
connection? What can I do to handle this error correctly?

cheers,

Christoph



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 15:57:01 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:57:01 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
In-Reply-To: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153771020.975291.130640@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

gmax2006 wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is it possible that a python script finds out whether another instance
> of it is currently running or not?
>
> Thank you,
> Max

Yes, there are several ways.  What OS are you using?

~Simon



From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sat Jul 15 01:08:08 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 05:08:08 GMT
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
Message-ID: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>

Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, but 
not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not support 
history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's own? Is 
there any way to get command history working with InteractiveConsole on 
Linux?

Chris


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 11:51:56 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:51:56 -0700
Subject: Text Summarization
References: <wplvg.2142$252.1328@tornado.rdc-kc.rr.com>
	<1153297906.518917.82510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153324316.152835.296330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

gatti at dsdata.it wrote:
> Jim Jones wrote:
> > Is there  a Python library that would allow me to take a paragraph of text,
> > and generate a one or two sentence summary of that paragraph?
>
> There is a OTS wrapper.

http://libots.sourceforge.net/

as for the wrapper, this was all I could find (in about 15 minutes on
google):
http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi?name=ots&version=0.4.2.1&:action=display



From phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk  Sun Jul 16 04:53:10 2006
From: phil at riverbankcomputing.co.uk (Phil Thompson)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 09:53:10 +0100
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
In-Reply-To: <1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153008548.957012.141520@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607160953.10832.phil@riverbankcomputing.co.uk>

On Sunday 16 July 2006 1:09 am, adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> > Phil Thompson wrote:
> > > For Qt4 use the binary installer from...
> > >
> > > http://www.trolltech.com/developer/downloads/qt/windows
> > >
> > > For PyQt4 use the binary installer from...
> > >
> > > http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/download.php
> >
> > Ah thanks, I'm a dork. Why didn't I see that before <mutter>?
>
> Waitaminute, didn't you write it? Oh dear.
>
> I've got another problem, I'm afraid - I've installed Qt 4.1.4 and PyQt
> GPL v4.0 over Python 2.4, and the demos for both run happily enough,
> but when I try to run the first example (in IDLE) from Boudewijn
> Rempt's GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition I just get
> "ImportError: No module named qt". Is there something I need to add to
> my sys.path here?
>
> Sorry to bother you with the newbie questions.

Boudewijn's book describes Qt/PyQt v3.

Phil


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 08:08:04 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:08:04 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
(snip)
> brings me onto another question that has been bugging me, which is, if
> I want to create components (as object instances) at run time (rather
> than through a python code imported in), how do I do this? i.e. if I
> hardcoded something like
> turbine1 = turbine(...)
> then python knows that turbine1 is a turbine. but if I had say some
> kind of user interface and I want to create turbine1 (or suchlike) on
> the fly, how do I actually do that? how do I create objects after run
> time?

Q&D possible solution, no error handling, etc
...just so you get an idea

# schema generated by a GUI
# or directly written in a .py config file
# or whatever

schema = {'turbine1': {'class': 'Turbine',
                       'upstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
                       'downstream' : () # nothing,
                       },
          'frobnicator2' : {'class' : 'Frobnicator',
                            'upstream' : (),
                            'downstream' : ('frobnicator2',),
                           },
         }

# code:

def get_class_by_name(name):
  return globals()[name]

def chain_from_schema(schema):
  objects = {}
  for name, desc in schema:
     klass =  get_class_by_name(desc['class'])
     objects[name] = klass()
  for name, desc in schema:
    target = objects[name]
    ups = [objects[upname] for upname in desc['upstream']]
    downs = [objects[downname] for downname in desc['downstream']]
    target.links(upstream=ups, downstream=downs)
  return objects


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 16:31:04 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:31:04 +0200
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.22.20.14.38.250043@gmx.net>
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<pan.2006.07.22.20.14.38.250043@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <44c2895c$0$8235$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch a ?crit :
> In <44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>Tim N. van der Leeuw a ?crit :
>>
>>>Hi,
>>>
>>>I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
>>>or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().
>>>
>>>Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
>>>doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)
>>
>>isiterable = lambda obj: isinstance(obj, basestring) \
>>                          or getattr(obj, '__iter__', False)
>>
>>
>>Should cover most cases.
> 
> 
> What about objects that just implement an apropriate `__getitem__()`
> method?

Hmmm... (quick test)

Good point.

FWIW, Terry's solution might be far better.


From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul  4 12:08:02 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 18:08:02 +0200
Subject: built in zip function speed
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8e3j1$rg9$01$1@news.t-online.com>

mart.franklin at gmail.com wrote:

> I hope I am not being too ignorant :p but here goes... my boss has
> written a bit of python code and asked me to speed it up for him...
> I've reduced the run time from around 20 minutes to 13 (not bad I think
> ;) to speed it up further I asked him to replace a loop like this:-
> 
> 
> index = 0
> 
> for element in a:
>    av = a[index]
>    bv = b[index]
>    cv = c[index]
>    dv = d[index]
>    avbv = (av-bv) * (av-bv)
>    diff = cv - dv
>    e.append(diff - avbv)
>    index = index + 1

For /real/ speed-ups use a numerical library, e. g.

# untested
from numarray import array
a = array(a)
b = array(b)
c = array(c)
d = array(d)
e = (c-d) - (a-b)*(a-b)

Peter


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 05:03:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:03:40 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44c48cee$0$31789$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
(snip)
> First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists
> in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.

Duh.

Sometimes I'd better go to bed instead of answering posts here - I'd say
less stupidities. re-reading this, I can't believe I actually wrote such
an absurdity.




-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From edcdave at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 09:11:03 2006
From: edcdave at gmail.com (edcdave at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 06:11:03 -0700
Subject: getaddrinfo not found on SCO OpenServer 5.0.5
Message-ID: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to get MoinMoin 1.5.4 running with Python 2.3.4 (installed
from an SCO Skunkworks binary). Python 2.3.4 (#1, Aug 27 2004,
18:22:39) [GCC 2.95.3 20030528 (SCO/p5)] on sco_sv3

One of the MoinMoin modules attempts to import cgi and triggers this
traceback:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./moin.cgi", line 43, in ?
    from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI
  File "/usr/moin/lib/python2.3/site-packages/MoinMoin/request.py",
line 10, in ?
    import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO
  File "/opt/K/SCO/python/2.3.4/usr/lib/python2.3/cgi.py", line 39, in
?
    import urllib
  File "/opt/K/SCO/python/2.3.4/usr/lib/python2.3/urllib.py", line 26,
in ?
    import socket
  File "/opt/K/SCO/python/2.3.4/usr/lib/python2.3/socket.py", line 44,
in ?
    import _socket
ImportError: dynamic linker: /usr/bin/python: relocation error: symbol
not found: getaddrinfo; referenced from:
/opt/K/SCO/python/2.3.4/usr/lib/python2.3/lib-dynload/_socketmodule.so

getaddrinfo is not supported in OpenServer 5, but it is available under
the UDK. That is, the function is present in /udk/usr/lib/libsocket.so.
I've tried adjusting LD_LIBRARY_PATH without success. My questions:

1) I've seen mention of native vs. Python getaddrinfo implementations.
If that's true, how can I force the program to use the Python one?

2) Is there an option to not use the BSD Library function?

3) Finally, is there a trick to searching for shared libaries?

Thanks,
Dave Harris



From koara at atlas.cz  Mon Jul 24 09:42:22 2006
From: koara at atlas.cz (koara)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:42:22 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
In-Reply-To: <1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153748542.337657.48640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> --test results snip---
> Looks to me like the problem has nothing at all to do with the length
> of the searched strings, but a bug appeared in 2.3.  What version(s)
> were you using? Can you reproduce your results (500 & 499 giving
> different answers) with the same version?

Hello John, thank you for investigating and responding!

Yes, I can reproduce the behaviour with different results within the
same version -- which is 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310
32 bit (Intel)]

The catch is to remove the last character, as i described in my
original post, as opposed to passing reduced length parameters to
find_longest_match, which is what you did.

It is morning now, but i still fail to see the mistake i am making --
if it is indeed a bug, where do i report it? 

Cheers!



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:40:20 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:40:20 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <7xzmew9vrj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<7xzmew9vrj.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44c79af5$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> writes:
> 
>>>Ruby has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes
>>>for methods and attributes,
>>
>>This is not "security", this is data-hiding. And IIRC, Ruby's attributes
>>are always private - just like in Smalltalk FWIW.
> 
> 
> I don't know anything about Ruby, but if it's supposed to be like
> Java, then it's real security. 

Hopefully it's more secure than Java wrt/ attributes/methods access
restriction. IIRC, accessing a 'private' attribute thru reflection is
quite possible in Java.

> I'm not sure why a typical server side
> app would care, though.

Noticed this too ?-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From dingbat at codesmiths.com  Mon Jul 31 07:30:50 2006
From: dingbat at codesmiths.com (Andy Dingley)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 04:30:50 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

noahmd at gmail.com wrote:

> Is Windows
> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
> program under Python?

Python is one of the best languages I've found for
platform-independence - significantly better than Perl.  Right now I'm
coding Python that runs happily under Redhat, Windows /Cygwin and
Windows native. It also integrates closely with command line tools like
subversion, including piping their output into Python-based XML
parsers. This really wouldn't be easy with Perl.

Find yourself an editor that's pretty similar under both Unix and
Windows. jEdit is a good place to start.

You might also like to look at running Cygwin under Windows. It's a
Unix-like command shell that provides nearly every command-line Unix
tool you could want on a Windows box. Can be a little awkward at times,
but it's a huge advantage over raw Windows.

I'd never recommend dual-boot for anything!
Hardware is cheap, time and trouble is expensive.



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 17 15:05:32 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:05:32 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:

> oh, sorry, what i mean by dropped is that the server i am
> connecting to can close the connection.

Then recv() will return "" and send() will raise an exception.

> If that happens, i need to know about it. i also need to know
> about it if the server i am connecting to just dies.

Again, you have to define what you mean by "server just dies".

If the server _application_ crashes or exits, then the OS will
close the socket and recv() will return "".  If somebody powers
down the server without warning, or if the server OS crashes,
or if the Ethernet cable between the Internet and the server is
cut, then the socket will not be closed, and recv() will wait
forever[1].

> if recv() returns "" is that the same as NONE ?

No.  It's the empty string (also spelt '').

> I mean can the value be tested true or false?

Yes.  The empty string is false, all non-empty strings are
true.

[1] Unless you've enabled the TCP Keepalive feature, in which
    case the socket will timeout in a couple hours and recv()
    will return "".

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Now I am depressed...
                                  at               
                               visi.com            


From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 21 08:08:05 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:08:05 +0200
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
References: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>
	<e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>
	<1153476279.521050.124990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9qg2g$uln$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Ant wrote:

> 
>> # python 2.5
>> >>> a, b = "", 0
>> >>> a if False else b
>> 0
>> >>> a if True else b
>> ''
>>
>> Time to tear out that page. Really.
> 
> Not quite - 2.5 hasn't been released in its final version yet, and many
> projects I should imagine will take a while to upgrade.

Ok, use

if cond:
   value = ... # expression that must not be evaluated unless it absolutely 
               # has to be
else:
   value = ... # same thing

which will withstand the test of time. Now tear out that page...

Peter


From per9000 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 03:40:27 2006
From: per9000 at gmail.com (per9000)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 00:40:27 -0700
Subject: PDF with nonLatin-1 characters
References: <mailman.8085.1152722262.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b53d73$0$26258$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1152776427.473987.264790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Stefan Behnel wrote:
> victor wrote:
> > I want to generate a report and the PDF fits perfectly. Though there is
> > an issue of using different encoding in the doc. I tried PyPS with no
> > success. I need a lib that can make PDFs with an arbitrary set of fonts
> > (possibly embed them into the document). What would you suggest?
>
> I'd suggest generating LaTeX code and using PDFlatex. It's pretty hard to get
> better results from any other tool.
>
> Stefan

I agree that LaTeX is great in most cases - but it is a bit tricky to
learn if you are not used to it.

There is something called txt2tags ( http://txt2tags.sourceforge.net/ )
that converts a simple textformat to most other formats (from "text" to
html, tex, man etc) - I have not tried it fully, it could be nice, but
it disturbs me that the format is (just a little) different from the
wiki-format.

It is written in python and has open source I think.

/Per - yet another yet-another-fan
http://www.pererikstrandberg.se



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 03:29:28 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:29:28 +0100
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153349294.685306.107570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8343.1153323940.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153349294.685306.107570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9nbd4$da2$3@sea.gmane.org>

jordan.nick at gmail.com wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
>>davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
>>
>>>I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
>>>mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
>>>of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
>>>upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>>>
>>>supply = supply()
>>>compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
>>>combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
>>>etc.
>>>
>>>the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
>>>created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
>>>(compressor is referenced before creation).
>>>
>>>
>>>aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
>>>
>>
>>Yes. You are building a generic data structure, so you shouldn't really
>>be trying to store individual objects in variables like that. You need a
>>data structure that's appropriate to your problem.
>>
>>For example, you could consider storing them in a list, so you have
>>
>>components = [supply(), compressor(), combuster()]
>>
>>Then components[n] is upstream of components[n-1] and downstream of
>>components[n+1].
> 
> 
> Unfortunately, if he wanted to make the topology more complicated, for
> instance having two components downstream, it would be much more
> cumbersome to inherit the list object and implement this.
> 
I quite agree. That was why I began with "for example".
> 
>>In short, your thinking about data representation might need to become a
>>little more sophisticated.
> 
> 
> That sounds a little arrogant. sorry!
> 
Hmm, maybe it does, in which case I apologise retrospectively. But all 
the more appropriate suggestions have definitely been pointing that way.

Circuit design is a complex problem. I was merely trying to indicate 
that the naive approach was unlikely to succeed. Sure enough, a few 
posts later the OP admitted that there needed to be sub-chains for 
sub-circuits, and so on.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU  Wed Jul 19 20:48:07 2006
From: Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU (Michael J. Fromberger)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 20:48:07 -0400
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
	<1153284730.469989.18360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Michael.J.Fromberger-ECE4CD.14590619072006@localhost>
	<mailman.8352.1153350286.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <Michael.J.Fromberger-6A442B.20480719072006@localhost>

In article <mailman.8352.1153350286.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Michael Spencer <mahs at telcopartners.com> wrote:

> As others have pointed out, super, is designed to do something different from 
> what you want.  See 
> http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#cooperation for 
> GvR's 
>   explanation of super's intent, limitations, and a pure-python 
>   implementation 
> that you might alter for your purposes.

Indeed so.  The documentation for super() led me to an erroneous 
conclusion.  

> Given what you assert about your inheritance graph (two independent ancestor 
> chains, that do not propagate super calls from their respective base 
> classes), 
> what is objectionable about:
>  >   C.__init__(self, ...)
>  >   D.__init__(self, ...)

Well, since super() were much better labelled call_next_method, I must 
agree that the Class.__init__(self, ...) form is probably the best 
solution!

Thanks for your feedback.

Cheers,
-M

-- 
Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA


From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 02:49:00 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 23:49:00 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b0a184$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Frank Millman wrote:
> nagy wrote:
> 
>>Thanks, Kirk.
>>I considered the += as only a shorthand notation for the assignment
>>operator.
>>Since for lists + is simply a concatetation, I am not sure it x=x+[2]
>>is creating a brand
>>new list. Could you refer me to any documentation on this?
>>Thanks,
>>Nagy
> 
> 
> My habit is to check the id.
> 
> 
>>>>x = [1,2]
>>>>id(x)
> 
> -1209327188
> 
>>>>x += [4]
>>>>x
> 
> [1,2,4]
> 
>>>>id(x)
> 
> -1209327188
> 
>>>>x = x + [6]
>>>>x
> 
> [1,2,4,6]
> 
>>>>id(x)
> 
> -1209334664
> 
> So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
> creates a new list.
> 
> I am not sure if this is 100% guaranteed,

It is. This is true for any mutable type.

> as I have noticed in the past
> that id's can be reused under certain circumstances. Perhaps one of the
> resident gurus can comment.
> 


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 09:27:42 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 06:27:42 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
Message-ID: <1152278862.339308.58630@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>


St?phane Ninin wrote:
> Hello,
>
> Probably a stupid question, but I am not a multithreading expert...
>
> I want to share a dictionary between several threads.
> Actually, I will wrap the dictionary in a class
> and want to protect the "sensitive accesses" with locks.
>
> The problem is I am not sure which concurrent access to the dictionary
> could cause a problem.
>
> I assume that two write's on the same location would be,
> but what if one thread does
>
> mydict['a'] = something
>
>  and another thread:
>
> mydict['b'] = something else
>
> Is a lock required in such a case ?

i dont think you need to use a lock for these cases because mydict['a']
refers to mydict['b'] memory locations (i may be wrong because i dont
know Python implementation).

Just a recomendation, you could also use a Queue object to control
write access to the dictionary.

-Cheers



From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 13:23:36 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 10:23:36 -0700
Subject: print shell output in a file
In-Reply-To: <44a52fdb$0$3892$91cee783@newsreader01.highway.telekom.at>
References: <44a52fdb$0$3892$91cee783@newsreader01.highway.telekom.at>
Message-ID: <44a6aa5b$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Juergen Huber wrote:
...
> here is the print command, which delivers me the following output (see
> below) on the shell:
>  print '%-30s | %-12d | %-12d |%-12d ' % (typename,
>                                                   size / count,
>                                                   count,
>                                                   size)
...
> Is there a way to put this output in an file?!?!

Another way nobody has yet mentioned:

     import sys
     old_output, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, open('somefile.txt', 'w')

     try:
         <<<put call to original code here>>>
     finally:
         old_output, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, old_output
         old_output.close()
         print 'Output safely written to:', old_output.name

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Wed Jul 12 11:34:22 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 17:34:22 +0200
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
In-Reply-To: <e919np0jo2@enews3.newsguy.com>
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com> <44b424d4$1@news.eftel.com>
	<e919np0jo2@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <e934pv$1ad$1@news.albasani.net>

3c273 wrote:
> "John Machin" <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote in message
> news:44b424d4$1 at news.eftel.com...
>> You appear to know what a switch is. I'm therefore surprised that you
>> appear not to
>> know that the convention is that any program that uses
>> command-line switches should do something informative when run with a -h
>> switch.
>>
> Doh! Me thinks Windows at work "python /?" (No good!), Linux at home
> "python -h" (Ah ha!). I still think it should be in the docs somewhere.

python /? now works in 2.5 SVN.

Georg


From mail at timgolden.me.uk  Mon Jul 10 06:32:11 2006
From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:32:11 +0100
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <e8rud9$9vj$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>	<mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e8rud9$9vj$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
Message-ID: <44B22CAB.9030903@timgolden.me.uk>

[Tim Golden]
>> On the offchance that you haven't seen it, you might
>> look at this:
>>
>> http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges 

[Claudio Grondi]
> It seems, that it will be necessary to use some logic based on the 
> sequence of events to exactly detect rename and move changes done to 
> files/directories, but in principle it is the best approach I know about 
> yet.
> 
> By the way:
>    Is there something similar/same available for Linux?

I've never used them, but I seem to think there are a couple
of similar things for Linux, based on FAM or inotify:

(result of Googling)

http://python-fam.sourceforge.net/
http://www.gnome.org/~veillard/gamin/python.html
http://rudd-o.com/projects/python-inotify/

YMMV
TJG


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 05:23:32 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 11:23:32 +0200
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <e97n8s$cnh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>	<e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>	<mailman.8139.1152812835.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e97n8s$cnh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <e97nqk$cak$1@sea.gmane.org>

Jeremy Sanders wrote:

>> if you got some other result, you didn't just import the same thing
>> twice...
> 
> I think you may be incorrect, or I have misinterpreted you.

you've misinterpreted what Python means by "a module".

> Try this:

> import foo.bar

here you import the module named "foo.bar"

> print foo.bar.myvar
> foo.bar.myvar = 42
> print foo.bar.myvar
> 
> sys.path.insert(0, 'foo')
> import bar

here you import the module named "bar".

thanks to your path munging, that happens to point to the same file, but 
Python's import system doesn't give a damn about that.  it identifies 
modules by their *names*, not their file system location.

> When I would have expected 10, 42, 42. The bar module gets imported twice,
> once as foo.bar and secondly as bar. The value of 42 in myvar does not get
> retained, as there are two copies of the module imported.

no, the "bar.py" *file* gets loaded twice, first as the "foo.bar" 
module, and then as the "bar" module.

</F>



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Mon Jul 31 02:01:19 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:01:19 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem (- variable definition branch)
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com><ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org><44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr><1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr><slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr><slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr><slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com><slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnecpl1e.cqh.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<t48yr58nd5jo.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <00f801c6b46a$6b366da0$03000080@hendrik>

"Gerhard Fiedler" <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:

8<---------------------------------

| I'm not sure where you're trying to go. I think that most people (and even
| Bruno, who argued this issue most strongly) call Python variables
| "variables" every now and then, or maybe even usually. But it was helpful
| for me to see the difference between Python variables and, say, C
| variables. I think this has been a useful discussion in this respect. There
| is a difference, and it is important (IMO).
|
| Whether Python variables are in fact "variables" probably depends mostly on
| your definition of "variable", and that's IMO a tough one -- a definition
| of "variable" that includes all those language elements that various
| languages call "variables", and nothing else (that's the tough part).
| Whether that definition exists, and whether it includes Python "variables",
| remains to be seen :)

I am not one for formal definitions but I think something like this:

if s is a python string containing "hello world "
and I can write :

s = s + "some extra stuff"

then for me s is a variable - the fact that in the python implementation there
are two things, namely the original hello world string and the new longer one is
kind of irrelevant - if I try to print s I will get the new longer string, so
from where I stand s is a variable - it has changed over time from having one
"value" to another one...
and that is about the simplest definition you can get - its a symbolic reference
to something that can change over time - and in python it seems to me that every
name is a variable, cos you can tie the name to very different things at
different times:

>>> s = "hello world"
>>> print s
hello world
>>> s = s + " some more stuff"
>>> print s
hello world some more stuff
>>> s = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
>>> print s
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
>>> def foo():
 print "banana"

 >>> s = foo
>>> s
<function foo at 0x011DDE30>
>>> s()
banana
>>>

s is surely a variable - there is nothing constant over time about it, and from
this point of view its very "mutable" indeed - and what is more - in every case,
after the assignment, unless you have stored a reference with a different name
to them, the old values look from a programmer's point of view as if they have
been "overwritten" - you can't use anything about s to get at them again...

Now there's a thought - an optional slice notation that slices s over time,
so that s{0} is the current s, and s{-1} the previous one, and so on, with
the default being s[{0}] the {0} being optional....

This should be relatively easy to implement at the point of re binding the name
by replacing the pointer (or whatever) to the object with a stack of them.  I
think you could only do it in python, but I may be wrong...

Another world first for python?  - (TIC)

"Look mommy! - I only use one variable name! "

- Hendrik




From mwyatt at wi.rr.com  Sat Jul 15 17:00:57 2006
From: mwyatt at wi.rr.com (Mike Wyatt)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 16:00:57 -0500
Subject: Package organization
Message-ID: <44B95789.3080006@wi.rr.com>

I've been playing around with Python for a few months now, and I just 
recently started looking at packages to organize my growing project.  So 
far, I've been organizing my application into one class per module.  
This has been working pretty well.  For example, I simply "import 
timer", then use "t = timer.Timer()" to allocate a new Timer object, .  
Unfortunately, this is yielding some pretty odd syntax when I use 
packages.  Here is a sample of my package structure:

/engine
    /graphics
    /input
    /world
    /timer
        timer.py       # contains Timer class
main.py

Let's say I want to create a Timer object in main.py.  I would need to 
do something like this:

import engine.timer.timer.Timer
t = engine.timer.timer.Timer()

Maybe I shouldn't have a module and package with the same name, but it 
seems the most logical design.  Unfortunately, the code is a bit ugly 
with "timer" included in the import three times.

Is there a better way to do this?  How do you guys organize your 
packages and modules?


From guthrie at mum.edu  Tue Jul 18 09:17:58 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:17:58 -0500
Subject: array alice of [:-0] ??
Message-ID: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

Beginner question! :-)

x=[1,2,3,4]
for i in range(len(x)):
    print x[:-i]

 >>> []
 >>> [1,2,3]
 >>> [1,2]
 >>> [1]

1) The x[:-0] result seems inconsistent to me;
     I get the idea that -0=0, so it is taken as x[:0] -> []
2) how then should one do this basic left-recursive subsetting (easily).

Thanks.


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 03:15:09 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:15:09 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> > I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
> > like this? (No, not really. But...)
>
> There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
> said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
> is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
> caught almost immediatly.

Actually Bruno,  don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
Python comes at the expense of "security" is simply due to the fact
that the syntax of "screw up" is exactly the same as the syntax of "I
mean it this way and I do want it"?

Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say "I really want
this", it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and
a conscious decision). So going back to the original example, you won't
be able to say:

x.func = 789 and destroy the function func--Python will raise an error.
Instead you have to type a different syntax to tell Python that yes, I
do want to overwrite a function with 789.

Dunno, just throwing out ideas here :)

Cheers
Ray

<snip>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 00:09:48 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 21:09:48 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Now, I'm not fully up to speed on DBC. The contract specifications,
> > these are specified statically, but checked dynamically, is that
> > right?
>
> That's how it's done in Eiffel, yes.
>
>  > In other words, we can consider contracts in light of
> > inheritance, but the actual verification and checking happens
> > at runtime, yes?
>
> Sure. Though, while DbC gives rules for inheritance (actually subtypes),
> these are irrelevant to the current discussion; DbC-minus-subtyping can
> still be usefully applied.

Yes, subtyping. Of course I meant to say subtyping.<blush>

I can certainly see how DbC would be useful without subtyping.
But would there still be a reason to separate preconditions
from postconditions? I've never been clear on the point
of differentiating them (beyond the fact that one's covariant
and the other is contravariant.)


> > Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
> > this raises decidability issues.)
>
> Exactly, and that's why you'd either uses a restricted assertion
> language (and essentially get something that's somewhere between a type
> system and traditional assertion); or you'd use some inference system
> and try to help it along (not a simple thing either - the components of
> such a system exist, but I'm not aware of any system that was designed
> for the average programmer).

As to the average programmer, I heard this recently on
comp.databases.theory:

"Don't blame me for the fact that competent programming, as I view it
as an intellectual possibility, will be too difficult for "the
average programmer"  -you must not fall into the trap of rejecting
a surgical technique because it is beyond the capabilities of the
barber in his shop around the corner."   -- EWD512


>  > Mightn't it also be possible to
> > leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
> > was compile-time or runtime?
>
> I'd agree with that, but I'm not sure how well that would hold up in
> practice.

I want to try it and see what it's like.


Marshall



From fabio.pliger at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 05:05:28 2006
From: fabio.pliger at gmail.com (Mr BigSmoke)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:05:28 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154077528.118447.109430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

For IDEs i recommend Wing IDE (its really good but comercial.. :(  ),
pydev for eclipse and also SPE.

For GUI designer... it depends of wich kind of app u'll develop.

For web apps try cherrypy.. it's wonderfull and simple... U can also
try zope and plone (the they are less simple....)

cheers

Fabio




Vincent Delporte wrote:
> Hello
>
> I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
>
> What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> 
> Thank you.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 18 07:55:20 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:55:20 +1000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>

On 18/07/2006 7:22 PM, Paul Boddie wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>> On 18/07/2006 12:41 PM, Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
>>> it seems that range() can be really slow:
> 
> [...]
> 
>> Some things to try:
>> 1a. Read what the manual has to say about the range() function ... what
>> does it produce?
> 
> Indeed. Still, the addition of a __contains__ method to range (and
> xrange) would permit acceptable performance for the code given. Perhaps
> this is a convenience worth considering for future Python releases.
> 

range() and xrange() are functions. You are suggesting that 2 
*functions* should acquire a __contains__ method each? I trust not.

Perhaps you meant that the acquisitors should be the objects that those 
functions return.

range() returns a list. Lists already have a __contains__ method. It's 
been getting a fair old exercising in the last few hours, but here we go 
again:

 >python -mtimeit -s"x=range(30000)" "x.__contains__(40000)"
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.09 msec per loop

 >python -mtimeit -s"x=range(30000)" "40000 in x"
1000 loops, best of 3: 1.09 msec per loop

 >python -mtimeit -s"x=range(30000)" "x.__contains__(1)"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.434 usec per loop

 >python -mtimeit -s"x=range(30000)" "1 in x"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.137 usec per loop

A __contains__ method for xrange objects? The case of x in xrange(lo, 
hi) is met by lo <= x < hi. IMHO, anyone who wants x in xrange(lo, hi, 
step) should be encouraged to do the necessary algebra themselves; I 
wouldn't suggest that any core dev time be wasted on implementing such 
folderol.

In any case, isn't the *whole* xrange gizmoid on GvR's I-wish-I-hadn't list?

Cheers,
John


From mailpitches at email.com  Fri Jul 28 18:12:39 2006
From: mailpitches at email.com (mp)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:12:39 -0700
Subject: mx.DateTime to datetime.datetime
Message-ID: <1154124759.504520.63310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Is there a constructor for an mx.DateTime object which takes a
datetime.datetime object? It seems like a pretty common thing to do but
I didn't see such a constructor in the mx.DateTime docs.

Thanks



From grante at visi.com  Thu Jul 27 22:13:45 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 02:13:45 -0000
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12cismp4sd1apcd@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-28, switzerland qunatium computer <zetalimit at charter.net> wrote:

> Optical Quantum computing Information encoded in a laser moves faster
> than time! So if someone triangled 3 satelight in orbit. Someone could:

You don't, by any chance, know Ludwig Plutonium, do you?

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Will the third world
                                  at               war keep "Bosom Buddies"
                               visi.com            off the air?


From stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 09:08:36 2006
From: stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk (meridian)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 06:08:36 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152184818.598308.147100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44acf722$0$29803$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152191316.228972.54190@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


You mentioned earlier that
"Modifying globals from within a function is usually a very bad idea."

Most of my app consists of functions or class/object functions, that's
all I do in OOP.
Did you mean that modifying globals from anywhere is bad? or globals
are bad? or don't code using methods/functions?  not sure...



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 01:01:40 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:01:40 +1200
Subject: Linux Kernel Testing--Why Python
Message-ID: <e9sbea$8i9$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

Just came across this article
<http://trends.newsforge.com/article.pl?sid=06/07/20/1431259> from the
Ottawa Linux Symposium, which mentions (among other things) Martin Bligh's
presentation on the automated testing system used for the Linux kernel:

    The test system is written in Python, and he discussed at length why
    Python was chosen as the language for the system. He also spent some
    time showing the audience test output from the system, and discussed why
    other languages were not suitable for the test system.

    He described Python as a language that meets the requirements for the
    task because it is a language that is easy to modify and maintain, that
    is not write-only, that has exception handling, is powerful but not
    necessarily fast, is easy to learn, and has wide libraries of modules to
    leverage.

    He described Perl as a write-only language, and said that while people
    can do amazing things with the shell, it is not appropriate for the
    purpose. He said with a grin that he has a lot of respect for what
    people can do in the shell, but none for choosing to do it that way in
    the first place.

    One thing he particularly likes about Python, he said, is its usage of
    indentation. Unlike other languages, Bligh noted, Python is read by the
    computer the same way as it is read by a person, resulting in fewer
    bugs.



From http  Sun Jul 16 08:15:08 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 05:15:08 -0700
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
Message-ID: <7xhd1hycdv.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Boomshiki" <RayLang at gmail.com> writes:
> And trust me, I am not worried about 16 yr olds using it without paying, why 
> would they want to? I am worried about them cracking in to where their 
> grades are kept. 

You should assume they have the source code in that case.  In fact
you're better off releasing the code, so people can spot security
problems.  See:
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerckhoffs_principle


From seberino at spawar.navy.mil  Wed Jul  5 03:06:25 2006
From: seberino at spawar.navy.mil (seberino at spawar.navy.mil)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 00:06:25 -0700
Subject: PyList_Append requires explicit Py_INCREF after?
Message-ID: <1152083185.519178.166960@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

PyList_Append requires explicit Py_INCREF after?

(I didn't see in docs where it said if appends a new reference
or a borrowed reference like other APIs.)

thanks!

Chris



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 04:49:57 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 10:49:57 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c09536$0$14330$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:
>>
(snip)
>>>
>>>Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
>>>learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
>>>virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
>>>(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
>>>interactive Python.
>>
>>...and source code...
> 
> 
> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?

Compared to machine language, Python source code is really abstration.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jonasmg at softhome.net  Tue Jul 18 11:48:49 2006
From: jonasmg at softhome.net (GinTon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:48:49 -0700
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


GinTon wrote:
> In csv.reader, is there any way of skip lines that start whith '#' or
> empty lines
> I would add comments at my CSV file

For skip comment I get a dirty trick:

reader = csv.reader(open(csv_file))
for csv_line in reader:
    if csv_line[0].startswith('#'):
        continue

But not possible let blank lines.

I think that CSV class should to let skip comments and new lines of
auto. way.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 17 04:13:13 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:13:13 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-15, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
> The problem with understanding augmented assignment is that  it directs the 
> compiler and interpreter to do one or maybe two mostly invisible 
> optimizations.  To me, the effective meaning of 'evalutating once versus 
> twice' is most easily seen in the byte code generated by what is, remember, 
> the reference implementation.  What it does is what the 
> less-than-super-clear doc means.

But what does one do, if the question is raised whether or not the
code generated actually behaves as described by the language reference?

Shouldn't the language reference be clear enough to be understandable
without the help of byte code generated by the reference implementation?
Otherwise the reference implemenation is being used as part of the
language definition and then it can never be wrong.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 11 12:39:30 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:09:30 +0530
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <44B3D442.4090202@tachyontech.net>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> Creating a restricted execution environment is *hard*. As far as I know,
> even Microsoft has never attempted it. And for all of Sun's resources and
> talent, security holes are sometimes found even in Java.

Java is not the only restricted execution environment around.
Javascript, as implemented by most browsers, is an excellent lightweight
restricted execution environment, and there are many browsers which have
good implementations.

Regards
Sreeram

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From aljosa.mohorovic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:43:40 2006
From: aljosa.mohorovic at gmail.com (aljosa)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:43:40 -0700
Subject: PIL - transparent ImageDraw.text()
Message-ID: <1153323820.141731.213160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

is it possible to create transparent text (~50% transparency) on image?
i'm using the following code to draw text on image:

>>>
font = ImageFont.truetype(str(self.font_family)+".ttf", self.font_size)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
draw.text((10, 10), self.text, font=font,fill=(255,255,255))
<<<

url with example would be nice 8-)

Aljosa Mohorovic



From fay.brendan at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 13:27:59 2006
From: fay.brendan at gmail.com (Brendan Fay)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 10:27:59 -0700
Subject: what's wrong here? (search script)
Message-ID: <1152206879.397372.106100@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Dear Someone:

     I have written a script that accesses the googleAPI through
pygoogle and saves each of the ten documents as a .txt file by using a
specific function for each respective file type (.doc, .pdf, .html) to
convert it to such.  Everything works fine, except that I am trying to
make it search and return another result in the event that a file type
other than .doc, .pdf, .html, or .txt comes up.  Python is new to me
and I'm not sure why my method doesn't work.  I'd really appreciate any
advice; here is the relevant code:

def searchhelper(words, start=0, max=10):
	data = google.doGoogleSearch(words)
	objlist = data.results
	urllist = map((lambda x: x.URL), objlist)
	return urllist


def searchhelper2(initwords, urls, counter):
	for url in urls:
		if findinlink(url, 'pdf'): # all these functions are defined
elsewhere,
			convertpdf(url)  # fbut they definitely are working properly
		elif findinlink(url, 'htm'):
			converthtml(url)
		elif findinlink(url, 'txt'):
			urllib.urlretrieve(url, parse(x))
		elif findinlink(url, 'doc'):
			convertdoc(url)
		elif not findinlink(url, '.'):
			converthtml(url)
		else:
			urllist = urls[counter + 1:] + searchhelper(initwords, 11 + counter,
1) # (I'm
			searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, counter + 1)# assuming this is
where I have      #
                                  erred; however, I'm not sure)


def search(initwords):
	urllist = searchhelper(initwords)
	searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, 0)

Thanks,
Brendan



From maximilian.michel at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 04:24:42 2006
From: maximilian.michel at gmail.com (Maximilian Michel)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 01:24:42 -0700
Subject: Threads and time.strptime()
References: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44a9e03a$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152001482.341068.158470@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thank you so much!
(2) was the reason!
Without threads, locale.getlocale() returns (None, None), while calling
it in this thread gives back ('de_DE', 'iso-8859-15').
I'm still curious, why this occurs, but anyway it's fixable with
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'C'); so normally Python doesn't set locales
according to my system environment, but in a separate thread it does...
strange (or i just didn't set something correctly?).

Thank you so much!

max


John Machin wrote:
> On 3/07/2006 6:57 PM, Maximilian Michel wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I have an interesting problem:
> > I have written code, that reads a logfile and parses it for date string
> > (Thu Jun 29 14:01:23 2006).
> > Standalone everthing works fine, all is recognized.
> >
> > But if I let the same code run in a thread, with the same file as input
> > I get the following error:
> > ...
> >   File "sensor.py", line 158, in gotData
> >     t = time.strptime(s)
> >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/_strptime.py", line 293, in strptime
> >     raise ValueError("time data did not match format:  data=%s  fmt=%s"
> > %
> > ValueError: time data did not match format:  data=Thu Jun 29 14:01:23
> > 2006  fmt=%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y
>
> Possibilities:
>
> (1) The thread implementation has acquired extra characters (whitespace
> or \x00).
>
> (2) The thread implementation has changed to a locale that doesn't have
> "Thu" & "Jun" as day/month name abbreviations.
>
> Try inserting
> print "strptime(%r); locale: %r" % (s, locale.getlocale())
> before your call to strptime()
> 
> HTH,
> John



From JohnRoth1 at jhrothjr.com  Mon Jul  3 13:54:14 2006
From: JohnRoth1 at jhrothjr.com (John Roth)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 10:54:14 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
In-Reply-To: <1hhw769.171wm6w1i7sf3rN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a8d607$0$12746$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1151916683.475321.237580@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1hhw769.171wm6w1i7sf3rN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1151949254.333928.106590@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Alex Martelli wrote:
> cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > Psyco does some JIT compiling of Python, supposedly making it faster.
> > You do need to think a bit, however, beforehand.
> > If you really thing that the "speed" of execution is important for your
> > application, a scripting language such as python may be the wrong tool.
> >  A language such as C++ or Java which is designed to be a compiled
> > language can be optimized much faster than python because they impose
> > more rules.
>
> Java generally produces bytecode that is then run by a virtual machine,
> just like Python does; yes, Java has many more rules, but in general
> they're not ones particularly conducive to optimization -- in fact,
> optimization in Java generally hinges on just-in-time code generation
> just like psyco performs, and if such JIT VMs optimize better it's
> chiefly due to the huge number of person-years that have been devoted to
> perfecting them (as opposed to maybe 1 person-year spent on psyco).
>
> C and C++ do usually generate machine language directly, and their tools
> (optimizing compilers first and foremost) have enjoyed investments of a
> magnitude comparable to Java's (though, by now, Java's getting a lot
> more investment); moreover, C++'s rules _are_ heavily optimization
> oriented (e.g., no garbage collection -- being responsible for every bit
> of memory is a huge chore during application development, and a cause of
> many application bugs, but it DOES allow absolute maximal speed).

That's one of those "yes and no" answers. I remember a Java vs C++
performance comparison a few months ago that gave some really
surprising results: for programs that create a lot of 'by reference"
objects
Java is substantially faster than C++!

The reason is that Java's garbage collector is substantially faster
than
malloc. Sure, you can speed up C++ in that scenario by writing your
own allocator, but as you point out that's a substantial effort that
simply
isn't worth it unless you really, really need super performance.

When C++ was designed the latest garbage collector designs weren't
even on the drawing boards; committing to garbage collection would
have been a fairly controversial decision.

The same is true of Python: it spends a lot of time in reference
counting. My suspicion is that getting rid of reference counting in
the 3.x series might lead to a substantial speedup, simplify C and
C++ extension coding and eliminat reference counting bugs.
Interestingly, it doesn't seem to be in PEP 3099, so I suppose the
issue is still open.

If there was a simple way of using a compiler or language switch
in C++ that said: "use garbage collector", then the inherent speed
advantage of compiled over interpreted would come through. As it is,
C++
simply isn't in the speed race for _real_ object oriented  programs.
I'm not interested enough to follow the current round of the C++
standardization effort. It might be coming, it might not.

John Roth
> 
> 
> Alex



From bill.pursell at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 01:02:31 2006
From: bill.pursell at gmail.com (Bill Pursell)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 22:02:31 -0700
Subject: attaching debugger to runinng python program
In-Reply-To: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152853351.290092.227430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


alf wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a two fold question:
> 	-how to attach the debugger to running multi threaded program
> 	-the objective is to find an infinite loop in one of threads which
> makes the whole thingy going craze (100%CPU)
>
> The program itself is not easy, in fact quite hude and sometimes it
> takes hours to get to that infloop state.

On linux:

% python
>>> import os
>>> os.getpid()
54321

Now, in another shell,
% gdb
(gdb) attach 54321

If you want debugging symbols, recompile python with -g.



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Mon Jul 31 23:15:09 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 20:15:09 -0700
Subject: FOR LOOPS
In-Reply-To: <1154401342.560477.235640@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154401342.560477.235640@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154402109.920600.280610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

OriginalBrownster wrote:
> I am using a class called UploadedFile.
> I want to create a for loop to itterate through the objects within file
> name
>
> class UploadedFile(SQLObject):
> 	filename = StringCol(alternateID=True)
> 	abspath = StringCol()
> 	uniqueid = IntCol()
>
> I'll show you a snippit of the code I am trying to use it in::
>
>
>         zip= ["zip.txt"]
>         file_path = [myfile.filename for myfile in
> UploadedFile.select(orderBy=UploadedFile.q.filename)]
>
>         if kw:
>             for filename in file_path:
>                 zip.append(filename)
>             flash('Options selected'+ str(kw) + str(zip))
>         else:
>             pass
>
> When i run this the flash displays all the values for kw...however zip
> only shows up as "zip.txt" using the str function. Meaning that the FOR
> LOOP is not working correctly.
>
> Any ideas why this is happening?? perhaps someone could shoe me how to
> make a proper list for this if this is incorrect.
>
> Thank you

I'm not really familiar with SQLObject, but are you sure file_path is
not empty?

Also, a few small comments:

1. zip is a builtin function. I would choose a different name, even
though this is not strictly necessary.

2. You can accomplish what you seem to be intending with your loop
using list.extend.

3. That's an interesting thing to put in an else case. Why did you do
it that way instead of just leaving it out?



From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:52:49 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:52:49 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
In-Reply-To: <4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153338769.662738.304150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Diez B. Roggisch skrev:

> alfa1234 wrote:
>
> > Trying to convert TCL code to python.
> >
> > Have a property file from where I read some VAR's. Looks like this:
> > EARPROJECT = sgs-procDist
> > APPNAME = SGSProcedure
> >
> >
> > In my TCL code I confirm the existence of the VAR = f.ex EARPROJECT by
> > using code:
> >
> > if { ([info exists APPNAME] && [info exists STAGEDIR] && [info exists
> > EARPROJECT] && [info exists EARDESTINATION]) } {
> >
> >
> > Does anyone know and equalent way to confirm a Variable from the same
> > property file using PYTHON code ???
>
> You can read it with the module ConfigParser
>
> Diez

[wsadmin] Traceback (innermost last):
[wsadmin]   File "<string>", line 1, in ?
[wsadmin] ImportError: no module named cfgparse



From maybef.ppelli at mclink.it  Sun Jul  9 02:40:32 2006
From: maybef.ppelli at mclink.it (Vittorio)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 08:40:32 +0200
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02> <7xodvzv2gt.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1152419363.638809.247720@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi6eg6.163wvz913n3tw3N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <e8q810$22gb$1@newsreader1.mclink.it>

I read almost every published book about Python and I found Magnus'
"Beginning Python" the best book to start with. As Alex said it is
particularly appreciated by those who like learning by examples and by "try
and error": it is actually the opposite to what Alex believed as "Beginning
Python" is meant to be a sort of update of the previous book "Practical
Python".

In addition and maybe before of Magnus book I would suggest "A byte of
Python" http://www.byteofpython.info/ the best fast introduction to Python I
have ever seen.

"Alex Martelli" <aleax at mac.com> ha scritto nel messaggio
news:1hi6eg6.163wvz913n3tw3N%aleax at mac.com...
> Jake Emerson <jake.emerson at onerain.com> wrote:
>
> > There have been lots of recommendations for the O'Reilly book, which is
> > a good one. However, I would recommend "Beginning Python" by Magnus Lie
> > Hetland. All I knew before starting Python was Mathematica, and this
> > book was very helpful. It may seem to start out slow, but I've found
> > that I'm going back to those first chapters occasionally to review and
> > practice the syntax. It, and this group, have carried me through some
> > pretty tough problems (for me anyway). It's been worth it. Good luck.
>
> Hetland's books are excellent, particularly if you like to learn by
> example -- I believe the current one "Practical Python" is meant to
> supersede the earlier "Beginning Python" (but I'm not sure).
>
>
> Alex




From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 01:31:07 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 22:31:07 -0700
Subject: find_longest_match in SequenceMatcher
In-Reply-To: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153689734.007989.93290@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153719067.300891.231940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


koara wrote:
> Hello, it might be too late or too hot, but i cannot work out this
> behaviour of find_longest_match() in difflib.SequenceMatcher:
>
> string1:
[snipped 500-byte string]
>
> string2:
>
[snipped 500-byte string]
>
> find_longest_match(0,500,0,500)=(24,43,10)="version01t"
>
> What? O_o Clearly there is a longer match, right at the beginning!
> And then, after removal of the last character from each string (i found
> the limit of 500 by trial and error -- and it looks suspiciously
> rounded):

What limit? (a) My results [see below] (b) my inspection of the Python
version 2.4 source for the difflib module (c) what I know of the author
-- all tend to indicate that there is no hidden undocumented length
limit.

>
> find_longest_match(0,499,0,499)=(0,0,32)="releasenotesforwildmagicversion0"
>
>
> Is this the expected behaviour? What's going on?

My code: (koara.py)
8<---
strg1 =
r"""releasenotesforwildmagicversion01thiscdromcontainstheinitialreleaseofthesourcecodethataccompaniesthebook"3dgameenginedesign:apracticalapproachtorealtimecomputergraphics"thereareanumberofknownissuesaboutthecodeastheseissuesareaddressedtheupdatedcodewillbeavailableatthewebsitehttp://wwwmagicsoftwarecom/3dgameenginedesignhtmlbugssuggestionsforimprovementsandothercorrespondencecanbesenttosupport at magicsoftwarecomthecurrentknownissuesare1meshalgorithmforcontinuouslevelofdetailappearsnottobeworkingbase"""
strg2 =
r"""releasenotesforwildmagicversion02updatefromversion01toversion02ifyourcopyofthebookhasversion01andifyoudownloadedversion02fromthewebsitethenapplythefollowingdirectionsforinstallingtheupdateforalinuxinstallationseethesectionattheendofthisdocumentupdatedirectionsassumingthatthetopleveldirectoryiscalledmagicreplacebyyourtoplevelnameyoushouldhavetheversion01contentsinthislocation1deletethecontentsofmagic\include2deletethesubdirectorymagic\source\mgcapplication3deletetheobsoletefiles:amagic\source\mgc"""
import sys
print sys.version
from difflib import SequenceMatcher as SM
smo = SM(None, strg1, strg2)
print len(strg1), len(strg2)
print smo.find_longest_match(0, 500, 0, 500)
print smo.find_longest_match(0, 499, 0, 499)
print smo.find_longest_match(0, 100, 0, 100)
print smo.find_longest_match(1, 101, 1, 101)
print smo.find_longest_match(2, 102, 2, 102)
8<---

The results on 4 python versions:

C:\junk>c:\python24\python koara.py
2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
500 500
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)

C:\junk>c:\python23\python koara.py
2.3.5 (#62, Feb  8 2005, 16:23:02) [MSC v.1200 32 bit (Intel)]
500 500
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)
(24, 43, 10)

C:\junk>c:\python22\python koara.py
2.2.3 (#42, May 30 2003, 18:12:08) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)]
500 500
(0, 0, 32)
(0, 0, 32)
(0, 0, 32)
(1, 1, 31)
(2, 2, 30)

C:\junk>c:\python21\python koara.py
2.1.3 (#35, Apr  8 2002, 17:47:50) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)]
500 500
(0, 0, 32)
(0, 0, 32)
(0, 0, 32)
(1, 1, 31)
(2, 2, 30)

Looks to me like the problem has nothing at all to do with the length
of the searched strings, but a bug appeared in 2.3.  What version(s)
were you using? Can you reproduce your results (500 & 499 giving
different answers) with the same version?

Anyway, as they say in the classics, "Take a number; the timbot will be
with you shortly."

Cheers,
John



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 22:41:11 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 19:41:11 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
Message-ID: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

it seems that range() can be really slow:

the following program will run, and the last line shows how long it ran
for:

import time

startTime = time.time()

a = 1.0
for i in range(0, 30000):
    if i in range (0, 10000):
        a += 1
    if not i % 1000: print i

print a, "   ", round(time.time() - startTime, 1), "seconds"


---------------------------------
the last line of output is
---------------------------------

10001.0     22.8 seconds

so if i change the line

    if i in range (0, 10000):

to

    if i >= 0 and i < 10000:

the the last line is

10001.0     0.2 seconds

so approximately, the program ran 100 times faster!

or is there an alternative use of range() or something similar that can
be as fast?



From dpickles at pacbell.net  Thu Jul 13 17:42:17 2006
From: dpickles at pacbell.net (dylpkls91)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 14:42:17 -0700
Subject: Execute Commands on Remote Computers over Network
In-Reply-To: <1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Ben Sizer wrote:
> Paramiko appears to use SSH, which (as far as I know)
> connects to a computer running an sshd program or equivalent and
> executes commands via that program. If there's no sshd running on the
> target, you can't do anything.

Thanks for the clarification. Can I get 'sshd' or an equivalent for
Windows?



From alien at ath.forthnet.gr  Sat Jul  8 20:41:52 2006
From: alien at ath.forthnet.gr (IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 03:41:52 +0300
Subject: first book about python
Message-ID: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>

I want to learn python.
I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
reading on-line tutorials.
I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
Any recommendations?
Ioannis



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 13:11:11 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:11:11 +0200
Subject: How to convert arbitrary objects directly to base64 without
	initial string conversion?
In-Reply-To: <1152807301.581014.88410@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8130.1152803187.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152807301.581014.88410@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b67eb1$0$26272$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Russell Warren wrote:
> How can you tell what objects support the buffer interface?  Is
> anything visible at the python level, or do you need to dig into the C
> source?

At the C level, there is a function for testing:

int PyObject_CheckReadBuffer(PyObject* o)

http://docs.python.org/dev/api/abstract-buffer.html

According to

http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/non-essential-built-in-funcs.html

a Python call to buffer(obj) will either return a buffer object or (tested)
raise a TypeError:

   >>> buffer("123")
   <read-only buffer for 0x2b597d52b9c0, size -1, offset 0 at 0x2b597d52e340>
   >>> buffer(1)
   Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
   TypeError: buffer object expected

Stefan


From nospam at invalid.com  Wed Jul 12 16:20:13 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 13:20:13 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
References: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com><1152723851.755468.38720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><12bab6hfi850g49@corp.supernews.com><mailman.8086.1152724589.27775.python-list@python.org><1152730469.251213.101100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8093.1152734673.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <d_udnXZfC9E3xCjZnZ2dnUVZ_q-dnZ2d@comcast.com>

I'd second Skip's point. Now that setup.py does install, and it knows what 
to
uninstall (because it copied the files in the first place) I think it's a 
good idea
to have "setup.py uninstall" support. :)

<skip at pobox.com> wrote in message 
news:mailman.8093.1152734673.27775.python-list at python.org...
>
>    Nick> Uninstall support is hard, you would turn distutils (setup.py)
>    Nick> into a package management system, but wait...!  there are already
>    Nick> package managers that do exactly that (rpm, deb, Windows
>    Nick> Installer).
>
> Note that I don't really care about uninstall support, certainly not 
> enough
> to go through the pain of editing distutils.  I'd be happy if the 
> installer
> wrote a MANIFEST file that tells me what files and directories it did
> install.  I'm not as worried about dependencies or overlaps between 
> packages
> as much as making sure that when I want to get rid of package X I can
> actually delete all of its files.  I also realize that's not truly package
> management in the rpm/deb sense, but that would be good enough for me.
>
> My message was simply pointing out that telling people "use RPM or DEB" is
> not really acceptable.  Not everyone uses Linux.  Or Windows.  Or Macs.
> Python is a cross-platform language.  Through distutils it includes a 
> basic
> cross-platform installation facility.  It probably ought to also have a
> corresponding basic cross-platform uninstall facility.
>
> Skip 




From manstey at csu.edu.au  Thu Jul  6 06:34:32 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 03:34:32 -0700
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
Message-ID: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have a text file called a.txt:

# comments
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
[('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
[('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

I read it using this:

filAnsMorph = codecs.open('a.txt', 'r', 'utf-8') # Initialise input
file
dicAnsMorph = {}
for line in filAnsMorph:
    if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
        x = eval(line)
        dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is
value

But it crashes every time on x = eval(line). Why is this? If I change
a.txt to:

# comments
[('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

it works fine. Why doesn't it work with multiple lines? it's driving me
crazy!

Thanks,
Matthew



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Mon Jul 31 15:57:55 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 12:57:55 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154375454.146545.219820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154375454.146545.219820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154375875.481871.158580@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

tac-tics:
> If you declare bits in set_bit() as "global bits = ...", it will create
> it as a global variable without you having to declare it outside of the
> function. Just be careful about name conflicts.

Are you sure?

def fun():
    global x = 10
fun()
print x

Bye,
bearophile



From nkammah at yahoo.fr  Sun Jul 30 22:11:12 2006
From: nkammah at yahoo.fr (kepioo)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:11:12 -0700
Subject: pass parameters in SPYCE
Message-ID: <1154311872.283266.223790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I started to use the so good spyce server. I manage to do all the
basics, however, I still block on one problem :

How can I pass parameters to a spy page : example

I have an index page :

link1
link2
link3
link4

I want all theses html links to point to process.spy with the value of
the link as parameter ( equivalent to call process.spy -link1 ....).

Is this feasible with html links or I have to use forms and replace my
links with buttons?

Thank you for your help

NVk



From titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:56:58 2006
From: titogarcia_nospamplease_ at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ernesto_Garc=EDa_Garc=EDa?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 22:56:58 +0200
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <1153671331.244954.234350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>
	<mailman.8430.1153670342.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153671331.244954.234350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea0nqv$mtj$1@hefestos.uned.es>

>>parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0],
>>'limits':[0.,0.]}.copy() for i in xrange(0,6)]
>>
>>However, this will still reference internal lists that have
>>been referenced multiple times, such that
>>
>> >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
>>[0, 0]
>> >>> parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 2
>> >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
>>[2, 0]
> 
> Interesting. Cut-and-paste to my python prompt and I get
> 
>>>>parinfo[5]['limited']
> 
> [0, 0]
> 
> Tried both Python 2.4.1 and 2.5 beta, Linux, GCC 4.0.2

Of course. The expression within the list comprehension is evaluated for 
each iteration, so that the objects are recreated each time. The copy() 
for the dictionary is also not needed:

 >>> parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 
'limits':[0.,0.]} for i in xrange(0,6)]
 >>> parinfo
[{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}]
 >>> parinfo[0]['limited']
[0, 0]
 >>> parinfo[0]['limited'][0]=1
 >>> parinfo
[{'limited': [1, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}, 
{'limited': [0, 0], 'fixed': 0, 'limits': [0.0, 0.0], 'value': 0.0}]

Ernesto


From guyon.moree at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 05:59:50 2006
From: guyon.moree at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?B?R3V5b24gTW9y6WU=?=)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 02:59:50 -0700
Subject: dicts vs classes
Message-ID: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I'm using simple classes as a container of named values and I'm
instantiating a lot of them in a very short time.

i was wondering if there is any benefit in using dicts instead from a
performance/memory usage point of view?

regards,

Guyon Mor?e
http://gumuz.looze.net



From grante at visi.com  Sat Jul 29 13:59:54 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 17:59:54 -0000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12cn8gqdooopbd9@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-29, Timothy Smith <timothy at open-networks.net> wrote:

>> I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
>> module found here:

> yes, i did try pyparallel however it will not install on
> freebsd, setup.py errors.

Ah. I guess freebsd wasn't one of the systems listed on the
pyparallel page -- I should have paid closer attention.

> and yes i've done quite a bit of googling, i never expected it
> to be this difficult. i've done work with serial ports before.
> never parallel but.

Serial ports on PCs are pretty standardized as 16550 UARTs, and
The Unix serial port API was mostly nailed down years ago.

There are at least three different schemes for parallel ports,
and not everybody implements those identically even if they do
claim to be one of the three.  Many motherboard chipsets claim
to do do all three.  On top of that, there doesn't seem to be a
common Unix prallel port API.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Is this ANYWHERE,
                                  at               USA?
                               visi.com            


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 07:35:44 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:35:44 +0100
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
In-Reply-To: <1152894595.615576.89100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152894595.615576.89100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9fsmh$k4j$1@sea.gmane.org>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>>The real problems with the Py3k list seem to be associated with a number
>>of people who, despite having had little apparent connection to the
>>language until now, have joined the list and started making
>>inappropriate suggestions, which then have to be (patiently) rejected.
> 
> 
> Steve,
> 
> What does a 'connection to the language' mean? Does it mean 'using' it
> for years or 'being involved in its actual development' for years?  It
> seems that sometimes a newcomer can actually bring in a fresh idea.
> What new users think and what bothers them is actually important. The
> reason Python became so popular is because it attracted so many new
> users. If anyone has a reasonable suggestion, let them post it to this
> group, see what the reaction is,  then let them write a proposal in the
> right format using all the procedures and all.  Looking forward to
> Python 3000 this is the time to do it. Rejections do take time but they
> will just have to happen, out of 10 rejected maybe there will be one
> good proposal that will make Python a little better.
> 
I have no objection to anyone posting in this group, but the Py3k list 
is about the future of the language. For Python to remain Python it need 
to retain precisely those characteristics that have seen it rise to its 
current popularity. While new ideas are a good thing it would be 
completely inappropriate to produce a language that no longer seems 
"Pythonic". In order to retain pythonicity, therefore, it seems to me 
that those who decide nt he future of the language should have at least 
*some* practical experience of a) language design and b) Python.


regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From volker_grabsch at v.notjusthosting.com  Tue Jul 18 13:06:09 2006
From: volker_grabsch at v.notjusthosting.com (Volker Grabsch)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 17:06:09 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf890$0$23096$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>

Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> schrieb:
> Carl Banks wrote:
>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> 
>> I'm well aware of Python's semantics, and it's irrelvant to my
>> argument.
[...]
>> If the language
>> were designed differently, then the rules would be different.
>
> Totally true - and totally irrelevant IMHO.

I strongly advise not to treat each others thoughts as irrelevant.
Assuming the opposite is a base of every public dicussion forum.


I assume here is a flaw in Python. To explain this, I'd like to
make Bruno's point clearer. As usually, code tells more then
thousand words (an vice versa :-)).

Suppose you have two functions which somehow depend on the emptyness
of a sequence. This is a stupid example, but it demonstrates at
least the two proposed programming styles:

------------------------------------------------------
>>> def test1(x): 
...     if x:
...             print "Non-Empty"
...     else:
...             print "Empty"
... 
>>> def test2(x):
...     if len(x) > 0:
...             print "Non-Empty"
...     else:
...             print "Empty"
------------------------------------------------------

Bruno pointed out a subtle difference in the behaviour of those
functions:

------------------------------------------------------
>>> a = []     
>>> test1(a)
Empty
>>> test1(iter(a))
Non-Empty
>>> test2(a)
Empty
>>> test2(iter(a))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in test2
TypeError: len() of unsized object
------------------------------------------------------


While test1() returns a wrong/random result when called with an
iterator, the test2() function breaks when beeing called wrongly.

So if you accidently call test1() with an iterator, the program
will do something unintended, and the source of that bug will be
hard to find. So Bruno is IMHO right in calling that the source
of a suptle bug.

However, if you call test2() with an iterator, the program will
cleanly break early enough with an exception. That is generally
wanted in Python. You can see this all over the language, e.g.
with dictionaries:

------------------------------------------------------
>>> d = { 'one': 1 }
>>> print d['one']
1
>>> print d['two']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
KeyError: 'two'
------------------------------------------------------

Python could have been designed to return None when d['two'] has been
called, as some other (bad) programming languages would. This would
mean that the problem will occur later in the program, making it easy
to produce a subtle bug. It would be some effort to figure out the
real cause, i.e. that d had no entry for 'two'.

Luckily, Python throws an exception (KeyError) just at the original
place where the initial mistake occured. If you *want* to get None in
case of a missing key, you'll have to say this explicitly:

------------------------------------------------------
>>> print d.get('two', None)
None
------------------------------------------------------

So maybe "bool()" should also break with an exception if an object
has neither a __nonzero__ nor a __len__ method, instead of defaulting
to True. Or a more strict variant of bool() called nonempty() should
exist.

Iterators don't have a meaningful Boolean representation, because
phrases like "is zero" or "is empty" don't make sense for them. So
instead of answering "false", an iterator should throw an exception
when beeing asked whether he's empty.

If a function expects an object to have a certain protocol (e.g.
sequence), and the given object doesn't support that protocol,
an exception should be raised. This usually happens automatically
when the function calls a non-existing method, and it plays very
well with duck typing.

test2() behaves that way, but test1() doesn't. The reason is a
sluttery of Python. Python should handle that problem as strict
as it handles a missing key in a dictionary. Unfortunately, it
doesn't.

I don't agree with Bruno that it's more natural to write
    if len(a) > 0:
    ...
instead of
    if a:
    ...

But I think that this is a necessary kludge you need to write
clean code. Otherwise you risk to create subtle bugs. This advise,
however, only applies when your function wants a sequence, because
only in that can expect "len(a)" to work.

I also agree with Carl that "if len(a) > 0" is less universal than
"if a", because the latter also works with container-like objects
that have a concept of emptiness, but not of length.

However, this case is less likely to happen than shooting yourself
in the foot by passing accidently an iterator to the function
without getting an exception. I think, this flaw in Python is deep
enough to justify the "len() > 0" kludge.


IMHO, that flaw of Python should be documented in a PEP as it violates
Python's priciple of beeing explicit. It also harms duck typing.


Greets,

    Volker

-- 
Volker Grabsch
---<<(())>>---
Administrator
NotJustHosting GbR


From manlio_perilloNO at SPAMlibero.it  Tue Jul 11 13:53:20 2006
From: manlio_perilloNO at SPAMlibero.it (Manlio Perillo)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:53:20 GMT
Subject: Making HTTP requests using Twisted
In-Reply-To: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <kARsg.36418$_J1.444853@twister2.libero.it>

rzimerman ha scritto:
> I'm hoping to write a program that will read any number of urls from
> stdin (1 per line), download them, and process them. So far my script
> (below) works well for small numbers of urls. However, it does not
> scale to more than 200 urls or so, because it issues HTTP requests for
> all of the urls simultaneously, and terminates after 25 seconds.
> Ideally, I'd like this script to download at most 50 pages in parallel,
> and to time out if and only if any HTTP request is not answered in 3
> seconds. What changes do I need to make?
> 

Take a look at
http://svn.twistedmatrix.com/cvs/trunk/doc/core/examples/stdiodemo.py?view=markup&rev=15456

And read
http://twistedmatrix.com/documents/current/api/twisted.web.client.HTTPClientFactory.html

You can pass a timeout to the constructor.

To download at most 50 pages in parallel you can use a download queue.

Here is a quick example, ABSOLUTELY NOT TESTED:

class DownloadQueue(object):
    SIZE = 50

    def init(self):
        self.requests = [] # queued requests
        self.deferreds = [] # waiting requests

    def addRequest(self, url, timeout):
        if len(self.deferreds) >= sels.SIZE:
            # wait for completion of all previous requests
            DeferredList(self.deferreds
                         ).addCallback(self._callback)
            self.deferreds = []

            # queue the request
            deferred = Deferred()
            self.requests.append((url, timeout, deferred))

            return deferred
        else:
            # execute the request now
            deferred = getPage(url, timeout=timeout)
            self.deferreds.append(deferred)

            return deferred

    def _callback(self):
        if len(self.requests) > self.SIZE:
            queue = self.requests[:self.SIZE]
            self.requests = self.requests[self.SIZE:]
        else:
            queue = self.requests[:]
            self.requests = []

        # execute the requests
        for (url, timeout, deferredHelper) in queue:
            deferred = getPage(url, timeout=timeout)
            self.deferreds.append(deferred)

            deferred.chainDeferred(deferredHelper)




Regards  Manlio Perillo


From istvan.albert at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 13:59:56 2006
From: istvan.albert at gmail.com (Istvan Albert)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 10:59:56 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Jack wrote:

> I will have to install lighttpd or other web servers.

do that.

If all you need is a webserver there's little reason to have it in
python. Just use one of the several high quality open source webservers.



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 11:09:53 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 08:09:53 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <1151994492.497358.63830@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <07bd01c69f7b$e8943a60$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

simon...

the issue that i'm seeing is not a result of simply using the
'string.replace' function. it appears that there's something else going on
in the text....

although i can see the nbsp in the file, the file is manipulated by a number
of other functions prior to me writing the information out to a file.
somewhere the 'nbsp' is changed, so there's something else going on...

however, the error i get indicates that the char 'u\xa0' is what's causing
the issue.. as far as i can determine, the string.replace can't/doesn't
handle non-ascii chars. i'm still looking for a way to search/replace
non-ascii chars...

this would/should resolve my issue..

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 11:28 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string


bruce wrote:
> simon...
>
> the '&nbsp;' is not to be seen/viewed as text/ascii.. it's a
representation
> of a hex 'u\xa0' if i recall...

Did you not see this part of the post that you're replying to?

>  'nbsp': '\xa0',

My point was not that '\xa0' is an ascii character... It was that your
initial request was very misleading:

"i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the
parsing i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find
functions to remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars."

That's why you got three different answers to the wrong question.

You weren't "seeing non-ascii chars" at all.  You were seeing ascii
representations of html entities that, in the case of '&nbsp;', happen
to represent non-ascii values.

>
> i'm looking to remove or replace the insances with a ' ' (space)

Simplicity:

s.replace('&nbsp;', ' ')

~Simon

"You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
means."
 -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"

>
> -bruce
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
> Of Simon Forman
> Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 7:17 PM
> To: python-list at python.org
> Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string
>
>
> bruce wrote:
> > hi...
> >
> > update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo
&nbsp;"
> > which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.
>
> &, n, b, s, p, ;  Those are all ascii characters.
>
> > i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string
> >
> > the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...
> >
> >  text = "foo cat &nbsp;"
> >
> >  ie ok_text = strip(text)
> >
> >  ok_text = "foo cat"
>
> Do you really want to remove those html entities?  Or would you rather
> convert them back into the actual text they represent?  Do you just
> want to deal with &nbsp;'s?  Or maybe the other possible entities that
> might appear also?
>
> Check out htmlentitydefs.entitydefs (see
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-htmlentitydefs.html)  it's kind of
> ugly looking so maybe use pprint to print it:
>
> >>> import htmlentitydefs, pprint
> >>> pprint.pprint(htmlentitydefs.entitydefs)
> {'AElig': '?',
>  'Aacute': '?',
>  'Acirc': '?',
> .
> .
> .
>  'nbsp': '\xa0',
> .
> .
> .
> etc...
>
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon
>
> "You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
> means."
>  -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 09:19:18 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:19:18 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <n6bbc2hiegt4fsecij3c0iqj3ekm2lgasi@4ax.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<n6bbc2hiegt4fsecij3c0iqj3ekm2lgasi@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153833558.843806.274460@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:27:08 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall"
> > My problem with the fact that python doesn't have some type of "thread
> > killer" is that again, the only solution involves some type of polling
> > loop.  I.e. "if your thread of execution can be written so that it
>
> 	And that is because the control of a thread, once started, is
> dependent upon the underlying OS...

No; it's because killing a thread from another thread fundamentally
sloppy.

> The process of creating a thread can
> be translated into something supplied by pretty much all operating
> systems: an Amiga task, posix thread, etc.
>
> 	But ending a thread is then also dependent upon the OS -- and not
> all OSs have a way to do that that doesn't run the risk of leaking
> memory, leaving things locked, etc. until the next reboot.

No operating system has a good way to do it, at least not for
the kind of threads Python offers.


> 	The procedure for M$ Windows to end a task basically comes down to
> "send the task a 'close window' event; if that doesn't work, escalate...
> until in the end it throw its hands up and says -- go ahead and leave
> memory in a mess, just stop running that thread".

The right procedure in MS Windows is the same as under POSIX:
let the thread terminate on its own.

> > module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
> > way around this scenario?
>
> 	Ask Bill Gates... The problem is part of the OS.

Or learn how to use threads properly. Linux is starting to get good
threading. Win32 has had it for quite a while.


-- 
--Bryan



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 15:58:46 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:58:46 GMT
Subject: wxpython: how does EVT_IDLE work?
Message-ID: <Wjysg.2445$No6.49710@news.tufts.edu>

Quick question about the code below: I understand why the progress bar 
fills up at a steady pace when the mouse is idle over the frame; but 
why, when you move the mouse, does the progress bar speed up? Shouldn't 
it stop completely until the mouse is idle again?

Also, on a side note, I'm confused by the use of the word "bevel" and 
"bezel". The methods seem to use "bezel", but according to wxPython in 
Action, it's referring to the bevel of the border of the widget. Also, 
the book refers to a method called SetBevelWidth(), but the code shows 
it as SetBezelWidth() -- and only the latter works -- so what's the deal 
with these words?

Thanks!

--------------------------------------

import wx

class GaugeFrame(wx.Frame):

     def __init__(self):
         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1, 'Gauge Example')
         panel = wx.Panel(self)
         self.count = 0
         self.gauge = wx.Gauge(panel, -1, 50, (20, 50), (250, 25))
         self.gauge.SetBevelFace(3)
         self.gauge.SetShadowWidth(3)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)

     def OnIdle(self, event):
         self.count += 1
         if self.count >= 50:
             self.count = 0
         self.gauge.SetValue(self.count)

if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = wx.App(redirect=False)
     GaugeFrame().Show()
     app.MainLoop()


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sat Jul 22 19:09:54 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 16:09:54 -0700
Subject: Sansung YH-920 + Linux + yh-925-db-0.1.py = AttributeError:
	'module' object has no attribute 'decode'
References: <zNtwg.164$h54.123@fe10.lga>
Message-ID: <1153609793.954581.23640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

rsd wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'm trying get Samsung YH-920 mp3 player to work with Debian GNU/Linux.
> To do that I need to run
>    http://www.paul.sladen.org/toys/samsung-yh-925/yh-925-db-0.1.py
> script, the idea behind the script is described at
>    http://www.paul.sladen.org/toys/samsung-yh-925/
>
> I'm getting errors and hoping someone could give me some hints, for I
> have no python background.
>
> This is what I've done:
> 1. mounted YH-920 as /mnt/usb and transfered my MP3s to
> /mnt/usb/System/music/mp3 folder. That was easy.
>
> 2. Now, I need to run "yh-925-db-0.1.py" to update the database.
>
[snip]

>
>
> test:/mnt/usb/System# ./yh-925-db-0.1.py
> Traceback (most recent call last):
> File "./yh-925-db-0.1.py", line 195, in ?
> de.add_from_dict(e.unpack3(f))
> File "./yh-925-db-0.1.py", line 53, in unpack3
> u = utf_16_le.decode(fp.read(size))
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'decode'
>
> Any ideas? Thanks

You don't say which version of Python you are running ... but my guess
is that it's 2.3 or earlier.

What the author is doing appears to be undocumented in Python 2.4 and
not supported in 2.3 & earlier.


Option (1): Upgrade your Python to 2.4 (visit www.python.org).
Option (2): Pass this problem description on to the author:

C:\junk>python
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

|>> from encodings import utf_16_le
# The above is not documented.

# get some sample data in utf-16-le encoding:
|>> u = u'abcdef'
|>> u
u'abcdef'
|>> le16 = u.encode('utf-16-le')
|>> le16
'a\x00b\x00c\x00d\x00e\x00f\x00'

|>> utf_16_le.decode(le16)
(u'abcdef', 12)
# Doesn't work on Python 2.3 and earlier -- the decode() and encode()
functions are not exposed.
# Note: returns a tuple containing (unicode_object, length_in_bytes).
In the Python script for the music player,  the length is not used and
the unicode object has to be extracted by doing the_tuple[0]

# One documented way of decoding a string strg using encoding enc is
strg.decode(enc)
|>> le16.decode('utf-16-le')
u'abcdef'
# ... but this was introduced in 2.2. The builtin unicode(strg, enc)
function (also documented) does the same thing & works all the way back
to Python 2.1 at least (I didn't keep copies of 1.6 & 2.0) . I've heard
of Linux users stuck on 2.1 for whatever reason but not on earlier
versions.

C:\junk>c:\python21\python
Python 2.1.3 (#35, Apr  8 2002, 17:47:50) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
|>> from encodings import utf_16_le
|>> u = u'abcdef'
|>> u
u'abcdef'
|>> le16 = u.encode('utf-16-le')
|>> le16
'a\x00b\x00c\x00d\x00e\x00f\x00'
|>> utf_16_le.decode(le16)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'encodings.utf_16_le' module has no attribute 'decode'
|>> unicode(le16, 'utf-16-le')
u'abcdef'
|>>

Option (3): hack the source code along the above lines ...
Option (4): hope somebody will hack it for you ....

HTH,
John



From jarrod.roberson at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 15:36:07 2006
From: jarrod.roberson at gmail.com (fuzzylollipop)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:36:07 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Antoon Pardon wrote:

> Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
> mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
> module.
>
> Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
> to an implementation variable from that module. So now I have
> variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:

you don't understand what "implementation detail" means, it means it is
NOT part of the public API and no client code should ever use it.

If you reference _vara in your code and it is in someone elses module
you don't understand YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!

>   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.

Users of your module should NEVER KNOW any of the _ or __ stuff exists
to begin with.

>   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>      I should be extra carefull using it.

You should NEVER use it.

> And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)
>
> --
> Antoon Pardon

But like my previous post states, you can mark stuff private in Java
all you want, you can still access. Having the compiler or runtime
enforce that just adds an extra step to turn that enforcement off.

You can do the same thing, in C++.

So WHY does a language need this enforcement.

And the "large code base" needs the "robustness" is not a valid
argument.

Since Apple has proven this NOT to be the case with Cocoa which is in
Objective-C and "knows about access control but doesn't really use
them"

Anyone that things a language HAS to have these constructs enforced by
the compiler or runtime, lacks disipline.

Python has exactly what every other language EFFECTIVELY has, a common
way to document  or "tag" what is _private but might need "Friend"
access, and what is REALLY __private.

If you don't like this, then that is your problem go use a language
that gives you that false sense of secuirty, don't expect it to change.



From msrainess at comcast.net  Sat Jul 22 11:55:15 2006
From: msrainess at comcast.net (Mark rainess)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 11:55:15 -0400
Subject: httplib, threading, wx app freezing after 4 hours
Message-ID: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>

The program displays images from a motion jpeg webcam.
(Motion jpeg is a bastardization of multi-part mime.)
<http://wp.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/pushpull.html>

It runs perfectly for about 4 hours, then freezes.
I'm stuck. How do I debug this?

(Using: Python 2.4.3, wxPython 2.6.3.2, Windows 2000 and XP)

There are no tracebacks, the gui continues to run,
isAlive() and activeCount() indicate that the thread is OK,
"print I'm alive" stops. CPU % usage is 0

I figure it is hanging in r.readline() or f.read()

Can anyone suggest techniques to help me learn what is going on.

I'm using httplib.HTTP instead of httplib.HTTPConnection because
I don't find that HTTPConnection has readline().


Mark Rainess


=========================================================
class mjpeg_get(threading.Thread):
     def run(self):
         while 1:
             while 1:
                 # print I'm connecting
                 h = httplib.HTTP(self.url)
                 h.putrequest('GET','VIDEO.CGI')
                 h.putheader('Accept','text/html')
                 h.endheaders()
                 if errcode == 200:
                     f = h.getfile()
                     break
                 # cleanup and try again

             s = cStringIO()
             while 1:
                 # print I'm alive
                 try:
                     # do f.readline() to get headers
                     # get count from 'Content-length:'
                     s.reset()
                     s.write(f.read(count))
                     s.truncate()
                     wx.CallAfter(self.window.onUpdateImg, s)
                     continue
                 except:
                     # print error
                     # cleanup and try again
                     break

class Frame(wx.Frame):
     def OnIdle(self, event):
         # for debugging display result of
         # Thread.isAlive()
         # threading.activeCount()
         if self.gotImage is True:
             # do display self.sImage
             self.gotImage = False
     def onUpdateImg(self, parm):
         if self.gotImage is False:
             self.sImage.reset()
             self.sImage.write(parm.getvalue())
             self.sImage.truncate()
             self.sImage.reset()
             self.gotImage = True
=========================================================


From nick at craig-wood.com  Mon Jul  3 08:30:04 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 07:30:04 -0500
Subject: Time out question
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1> <1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <slrneai1i6.p42.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Alex Martelli <aleax at mac.com> wrote:
>  DarkBlue <nomail at nixmail.com> wrote:
> >  try for 10 seconds
> >    if database.connected :
> >     do your remote thing
> >  except raise after 10 seconds
> >    abort any connection attempt
> >    do something else 
> 
>  Sure, see function setdefaulttimeout in module socket.  Just call it as
>  you wish before trying the DB connection and catch the resulting
>  exception.

It would be nice to have language support for the general case, ie a
general purpose timeout.

In python 2.5 wouldn't it be nice to write

    with timeout(seconds=10) as time_exceeded:
        do potentially time consuming stuff not necessarily involving sockets
    if time_exceeded:
        report an error or whatever

Here is some code I came up with to implement this idea for
python2.3+.  It should be cross platform but I only tested it on
linux.  I think there may still be a threading bug in there (see
FIXME), but it seems to work.  It requires ctypes for access to
PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc).

It is mostly test code as it took absolutely ages to debug!  Threading
code is hard ;-)

............................................................

"""
General purpose timeout mechanism not using alarm(), ie cross platform

Eg

from timeout import Timeout, TimeoutError

def might_infinite_loop(arg):
    while 1:
        pass

try:
    Timeout(10, might_infinite_loop, "some arg")
except TimeoutError:
    print "Oops took too long"
else:
    print "Ran just fine"

"""

import threading
import time
import sys
import ctypes
import os

class TimeoutError(Exception):
    """Thrown on a timeout"""
PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc
_c_TimeoutError = ctypes.py_object(TimeoutError)

class Timeout(threading.Thread):
    """
    A General purpose timeout class
    timeout is int/float in seconds
    action is a callable
    *args, **kwargs are passed to the callable
    """
    def __init__(self, timeout, action, *args, **kwargs):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.action = action
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        self.stopped = False
        self.exc_value = None
        self.end_lock = threading.Lock()
        # start subtask
        self.setDaemon(True)                # FIXME this shouldn't be needed but is, indicating sub tasks aren't ending
        self.start()
        # Wait for subtask to end naturally
        self.join(timeout)
        # Use end_lock to kill the thread in a non-racy
        # fashion. (Using isAlive is racy).  Poking exceptions into
        # the Thread cleanup code isn't a good idea either
        if self.end_lock.acquire(False):
            # gained end_lock => sub thread is still running
            # sub thread is still running so kill it with a TimeoutError
            self.exc_value = TimeoutError()
            PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(self.id, _c_TimeoutError)
            # release the lock so it can progress into thread cleanup
            self.end_lock.release()
        # shouldn't block since we've killed the thread
        self.join()
        # re-raise any exception
        if self.exc_value:
            raise self.exc_value
    def run(self):
        self.id = threading._get_ident()
        try:
            self.action(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
        except:
            self.exc_value = sys.exc_value
        # only end if we can acquire the end_lock
        self.end_lock.acquire()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    def _spin(t):
        """Spins for t seconds"""
        start = time.time()
        end = start + t
        while time.time() < end:
            pass

    def _test_time_limit(name, expecting_time_out, t_limit, fn, *args, **kwargs):
        """Test Timeout"""
        start = time.time()
        
        if expecting_time_out:
            print "Test",name,"should timeout"
        else:
            print "Test",name,"shouldn't timeout"

        try:
            Timeout(t_limit, fn, *args, **kwargs)
        except TimeoutError, e:
            if expecting_time_out:
                print "Timeout generated OK"
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("Wasn't expecting TimeoutError Here")
        else:
            if expecting_time_out:
                raise RuntimeError("Was expecting TimeoutError Here")
            else:
                print "No TimeoutError generated OK"

        elapsed = time.time() - start
        print "That took",elapsed,"seconds for timeout of",t_limit

    def test():
        """Test code"""

        # NB the commented out bits of code don't work with this type
        # of timeout nesting.

        # no nesting
        _test_time_limit("simple #1", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("simple #2", False, 10, _spin, 5)

        # 1 level of nesting
        _test_time_limit("nested #1",  True, 4, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #1a", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #2",  False, 6, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #2a", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        #_test_time_limit("nested #3",  True, 4, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #3a", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #4",  False, 6, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #4a", False, 10, _spin, 5)

        # 2 level of nesting
        _test_time_limit("nested #5",  True, 3, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #5a", True, 4, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #5b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        #_test_time_limit("nested #6",  True, 3, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #6a", False, 6, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #6b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        #_test_time_limit("nested #7",  True, 3, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #7a", True, 4, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #7b", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        #_test_time_limit("nested #8",  True, 3, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #8a", False, 6, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #8b", False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #9",  False, 7, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #9a", True, 4, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #9b", True, 5, _spin, 10)
        _test_time_limit("nested #10", False, 7, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #10a",False, 6, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #10b",True, 5, _spin, 10)
        #_test_time_limit("nested #11", False, 7, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #11a",True, 4, _test_time_limit,
        #                 "nested #11b",False, 10, _spin, 5)
        _test_time_limit("nested #12", False, 7, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #12a",False, 6, _test_time_limit,
                         "nested #12b",False, 10, _spin, 5)

        print "All tests OK"

    test()


-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From uche.ogbuji at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 14:05:29 2006
From: uche.ogbuji at gmail.com (uche.ogbuji at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 11:05:29 -0700
Subject: Amara: Where's my attribute?
In-Reply-To: <1152040079.544818.297600@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151570478.731909.154790@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151894210.515219.119830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152040079.544818.297600@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152295529.472007.310110@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

AdSR wrote:
> uche.ogbuji at gmail.com wrote:
> > What is the actual problem you're trying to solve?  If you just want to
> > force a namespace declaration in output (this is sually to support
> > QNames in content) the most well-known XML hack is to create a dummy
> > attribute with the needed prefix and namespace.  But this does not work
> > when you're trying to force a default namespace declaration.  Then
> > again, you generally can't use QNames in content with a default
> > namespace declaration.  So my guess is that you somehow got way off the
> > rails in your problem-solving, and you'll need to provide mre
> > background if you want help.
>
> I wanted to remove documentation elements from some XML Schema files.
> The problem showed when I tried to use the stripped schemas, because
> the namespace declaration for user-defined types was missing. Of
> course, since these types are named and referred to in attribute
> *values*, Amara had no way to know that the namespace declaration was
> still needed (didn't matter if default or non-default). This is more a
> problem of how XML Schema is defined against XML namespace rules, since
> XML Schena uses namespaces in a context of which XML parsers aren't
> normally aware.

Yeah.  Just so you know.  This is one of those things about XML that
make sane people want to dye their eyeballs red.

Unfortunately there isn't much recourse but to switch to namespace
qualified form for your QNames and adding dummy attributes so the
namespace is recognized.  Let me know if you need an example.


> > BTW, I recommend upgrading to Amara 1.1.7.  That branch will soon be
> > 1.2, and I consider it more mature than 1.0 at this point.  The API's
> > also easier:
>
> I know, especially the insert-before/after feature :) But I ran into a
> problem that I describe below and you advertised 1.0 as "stable
> version", so I switched immediately.
>
> The problem can be reproduced like this:
>
> >>> import amara
> >>> amara.parse('http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.xsd')
> START DTD xs:schema -//W3C//DTD XMLSCHEMA 200102//EN XMLSchema.dtd
> http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:99:23: Attribute 'id' already
> declared
> http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:122:23: Attribute 'id' already
> declared
> http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:130:27: Attribute 'id' already
> declared
> ...some 40 more lines like this and then Python crashes (Windows shows
> the bug-reporting dialog)


I don't get a crash on my system (Ubuntu), but I do get a legitimate
error message because that DTD is broken.  The W3C seems to like
disseminating broken DTDs.  Just yesterday I was helping someone around
the infamous broken XHTML 1.1 DTDs.

I do want to know why you're gettign a crash rather than just the error
message.  What version of Python is that?  Any chance you can try with
current CVS Amara (you can use easy_install)?  This part of the
discussion should perhaps move to the 4Suite mailing list.  I only
check this NG once a week.

--
Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/



From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Tue Jul  4 02:51:26 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:51:26 +0200
Subject: simple script - Tkinter question.
References: <mailman.7743.1151982163.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <op.tb5jz0yvrqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 05:02:39 +0200, jkuo22 <jkuo22 at yahoo.com.tw> wrote:

> Hi everyone,
>
> Here is my simple Tkinter script:
>
> ## start of entry.py
> from Tkinter import *
> root=Tk()
> e1=Entry(root, width=16)
> e1.pack()
> e2=Entry(root, width=16)
> e2.pack()
> mainloop()
> ## end
>
> First, it works on win2k. When I run it as 'python entry.py' on linux,
> both 'e1' and 'e2' appear perfectly except I cannot enter any
> character in 'e1' entry, but 'e2' entry is ok.
>
> Second, when I run it in python interactive shell LINE BY LINE, then
> 'e1' and 'e2' entry both can accept user input, no problem! But when I
> copy and paste it into interactive shell, then the first situation
> happens again.
>
> So..., has anyone ever run into this problem like me? and how do you
> fix it? I use python2.3.4 now.

It works without problem for me... What is the Linux distribution you're  
using? And with which window manager? And what is your tcl/tk version? For  
the latter, you can get it with:

 from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.tk.eval('puts $tk_patchLevel')
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 11:16:21 2006
From: aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com (aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:16:21 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:25:48 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>
> > I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
> > Python...
>
> E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly. Ruby is so
> flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
> Languages.

This, of course, is really cool if you are working
all by yourself on a dissertation or something,
but can be completely disasterous if you are
actually working with other people who need to
know what the expressions of the programming
language mean and do.  Back in the day every
good Common Lisp programmer wrote in a
dialect completely incomprehensible to any other
Common Lisp programmer.  Kinda fun, but not
"best practice."
   -- Aaron Watters

===

Writing about music is like
dancing about architecture.
   -- Elvis Costello



From Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 13:00:23 2006
From: Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net (Dennis Benzinger)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:00:23 +0200
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
In-Reply-To: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
References: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
Message-ID: <44aa9ea5@news.uni-ulm.de>

Nomen Nescio wrote:
> I'm running gpg in python to verify a signature. I can see that it is
> working, because gpg is displaying the results.
> 
> But I need a way to let the python script know this. According to the gpg
> manual there is a return code from gpg of 0 if the verify is good and 1 if
> it is bad.
> 
> Can anyone tell me how I can get the python script to 'see' this return
> code?
> 

How do you run GPG? I suggest using the subprocess module 
<http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html>. If you just need 
something simple then you can use its call function 
<http://docs.python.org/lib/node236.html>.


Bye,
Dennis


From larry.bates at websafe.com  Wed Jul 19 10:45:41 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:45:41 -0500
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BE4595.305@websafe.com>

Don't use wx, use native Windows controls that already
exist on the machine.  That makes the application very small.

That said, I disagree that 3.5Mb is too much to download.  It
only takes about 7 seconds on my machine (cable modem).  If your
users won't wait that long, they weren't very interested in your
application.

-Larry


byteschreck at googlemail.com wrote:
> I develop shareware applications that need to be extremely slim (less
> than 1 MB is preferable).
> 
> Delphi applications easily meet this requirement and I can expect end
> users to download the .NET framework (if they don't already have it!).
> 
> However, I cannot expect users to download 3.5 MB.
> 
> For corporate clients, size does not matter the least, but for end
> users, anything that is a couple of megs seems "bloated".
> 
>> For your distribution, just move your DLLs to the appropriate system
>> folder. That's what DLLs do. You throw them in system32, forget they
>> were there in the first place, and the Linker Troll does the rest for
>> you.
> 


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 21:08:35 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 22:08:35 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <httex2eylx0q$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-21 21:05:22, Josiah Manson wrote:

> I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
> a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
> after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
> that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
> doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
> variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
> nested function doesn't work either.
> 
> But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
> of this helper function.
> 
> I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
> encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
> offending code is below. Thanks.

I'm no Python specialist, so here's just some guesses... I don't know how
to make variables known inside the inner function. It seems just using the
names there overrides the outside names. It also seems that local variables
are in some kind of dictionary; so maybe you can access them through that
somehow.

One other solution (a bit ugly) would be to make this a class with two
static methods (breakLine and _addTok) and two static attributes (_ls and
_tok).

Still another (also ugly) would be to pass both tok and ls to addTok() and
pass tok back out again. (I think ls doesn't have to be passed back,
because it is a list and so its data gets modified. tok's data doesn't get
modified, so local changes don't propagate to the outside.)

Gerhard



From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 13 07:35:59 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:35:59 +0200
Subject: help in xml and python
In-Reply-To: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>

> can someone please with the code for this.

Show us your efforts, and we'd be glad to help you correcting/enhancing 
them.

Or use PayPal and pay one of the guys here - my hourly fee is 50?, and 
less than one hour work can't be booked.

Diez


From nospam at invalid.com  Mon Jul 10 05:50:22 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 02:50:22 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ptqdnbQlb7KWvi_ZnZ2dnUVZ_sednZ2d@comcast.com>

I use PyScripter. http://www.mmm-experts.com/ I find it easy to use.
It runs on Windows and it does have a good help file.

<mamadu at islamabad.net> wrote in message 
news:1152488547.659426.153850 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> Hi,
>
> I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but would
> rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am therefore looking
> for a good IDE to learn Python.  On my computer I have installed eric
> (http://ericide.python-hosting.com/) but it lacks any kind of useful
> documentation on its use.
>
> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?
>
> Many thanks
>
> Mamadu
>
> PS: I use Debian GNU/Linux on all my computers, a 500MHz proc, 256MB
> RAM.
> 




From google0 at lazytwinacres.net  Wed Jul 26 22:33:18 2006
From: google0 at lazytwinacres.net (google0 at lazytwinacres.net)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 19:33:18 -0700
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute, seconds string to integer
Message-ID: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
"hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
Thanks,
    --dang
p.s.
In case this looks like I'm asking for a homework exercise, here's what
I'm using now.  It returns False or raises a ValueError exception for
invalid inputs.  I'm just wondering if there's an already-published
version.
def dms2int(dms):
    """Accepts an 8-character string of three two-digit numbers,
separated by exactly one non-numeric character, and converts it
to an integer, representing the number of seconds.  Think of
degree, minute, second notation, or time marked in hours,
minutes, and seconds (HH:MM:SS)."""
    return (
            len(dms) == 8
        and 00 <= int(dms[0:2]) < 24
        and dms[2] not in '0123456789'
        and 00 <= int(dms[3:5]) < 60
        and dms[5] not in '0123456789'
        and 00 <= int(dms[6:8]) < 60
        and int(dms[6:8]) + 60 * (int(dms[3:5]) + 60 * int(dms[0:2]))
        )



From malkarouri at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 23:56:55 2006
From: malkarouri at gmail.com (malkarouri at gmail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 20:56:55 -0700
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com><44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153281415.473436.125220@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Boris Borcic a ?crit :
> > Hello Bruno,
> >
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >> Boris Borcic wrote:
> >>
> >>>> Do you have any ideas?
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> you could use a recursive generator, like
> >>>
> >>> def genAllChildren(self) :
> >>>     for child in self.children :
> >>>         yield child
> >>>         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
> >>>             yield childchild
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Or how to *not* address the real problem...
> >>
> >> Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
> >> to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
> >>
> >
> > Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.
>
> It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ), and easy
> to solve. The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to the FAQ
> (or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose a
> workaround.
>
> > How can you exclude that
> > the OP /may/ find that a generator neatly solves his problem ?
>
> I don't exclude it, and explicitly mentioned in whole letters that, I
> quote, it "may be a pretty good idea". And actually, the OP's problem is
> really with default values evaluation scheme - something that every
> Python programmer should know, because there are cases where you cannot
> solve it with a generator-based solution !-)
>
> > The use
> > of a default value was not an end in itself, was it ?
>
> If the OP has other reasons to want to use an accumulator based solution
> - which we don't know - then the possibility to use a default value is
> important.
>
> > - and the quirks of
> > default values being FAQ stuff don't change that. Sure if nobody had
> > covered that aspect, but a couple other posters did...
>
> Yes, but you forgot to mention that - and I would not have post any
> comment on your solution if you had explicitly mentioned the FAQ or
> these other answers.
>
> > Mmmmhhh somehow it feels like if there is any issue here, it is about
> > defending the credo "there ought to exist only one obvious way to do it"
> > ?...
>
> Nope, it's about trying to make sure that anyone googling for a similar
> problem will notice the canonical solution somehow.

Sorry, but I kinda agree with Boris here. Not that I am anybody here,
really.

If the question is to use an accumulator based solution, then yes, the
default values answer is definitely the canonical solution.
If the question is to write a recursive function that returns a list,
an accumulator based solution and a generator based solution are two
different ways for doing that. I don't think there is actually a FAQ
saying you must use the accumulator solution.
Actually, the accumulator based solution kind of comes to me
automatically as standard in any programming language, and I believe
that this was established as standard in python, _before_ the
introduction of generators.

Now, personally I find the generator-based solution more intuitive for
me (in the eys of the beholder:). And, looking at the subject of the
thread, guess what was the question?

k



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Thu Jul 27 05:24:15 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 02:24:15 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153992255.541180.277430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:

> Of course, I you like, you can freeze every object you want and nobody can
> be able to open and change it. You can also trace all activity for changing
> something to objects because Ruby has nice system hooks implemented. Ruby
> has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
> attributes, objects freezing, system hooks).

Sounds good. I guess unlike Java you can't inspect and modify all those
data using reflection in Ruby?



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:26:55 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 20:26:55 GMT
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>

diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> Error message "cannot find wx"
> 
> infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/
> 
> I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I need
> to set some path or something.

Could it be that it is trying to use another, pre-installed version of 
Python -- one which doesn't have wxPython installed with it?


From biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca  Wed Jul 26 16:33:07 2006
From: biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca (biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:33:07 -0700
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
In-Reply-To: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153945987.861516.216160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Thanks for the answers.

I do understand (and verified) that if I define f2 within f1, it works
as expected. But in the "learning pyton 2nd edition" at page 205 it is
said that "Programs are much simpler if you do not nest defs within
defs" (juste before the code mentioned in my initial message).

In a way, I though the local variables of f1 would in a way add to the
global variable of f2 (because f1 called f2) and that f2 would look in
the global variables when it could not find a variable locally
(following the LEGB rule).

Still the code I put is presented in the book and it does not work for
me. I googled for errata regarding that code but did not find any.

S?bastien.



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Mon Jul 31 02:47:48 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 08:47:48 +0200
Subject: Html character entity conversion
In-Reply-To: <1154313459.687318.271170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>
	<1154284989.671967.270330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<eajd80$kf4$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<1154313459.687318.271170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eak92h$rfu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

John Machin wrote:
> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>>pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
>>
>>>Claudio Grondi wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>Here is my script:
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>from mechanize import *
>>>>>from BeautifulSoup import *
>>>>
>>>>>import StringIO
>>>>>b = Browser()
>>>>>f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
>>>>>b.select_form(nr=0)
>>>>>b["source"] = "hello python"
>>>>>html = b.submit().get_data()
>>>>>soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
>>>>>print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
>>>>>
>>>>>OUTPUT:
>>>>>&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
>>>>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
>>>>>----------
>>>>>In russian it looks like:
>>>>>"?????? ?????"
>>>>>
>>>>>How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
>>>>>
>>>>>--
>>>>>Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Translate to what and with what purpose?
>>>>
>>>>Assuming your intention is to get a Python Unicode string, what about:
>>>>
>>>>strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
>>>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
>>>>strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
>>>>strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
>>>>
>>>>?
>>>>
>>>>I am sure, there is a more elegant and direct solution, but just wanted
>>>>to provide here some quick response.
>>>>
>>>>Claudio Grondi
>>>
>>>
>>>Thank you, Claudio.
>>>Really interest solution, but it doesn't work...
>>>
>>>In [19]: strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
>>>&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
>>>
>>>In [20]: strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
>>>
>>>In [21]: strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)
>>>
>>>In [22]: print strUnicode
>>>---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError                        Traceback (most
>>>recent call last)
>>>
>>>C:\Documents and Settings\dron\<ipython console>
>>>
>>>C:\usr\lib\encodings\cp866.py in encode(self, input, errors)
>>>     16     def encode(self,input,errors='strict'):
>>>     17
>>>---> 18         return codecs.charmap_encode(input,errors,encoding_map)
>>>     19
>>>     20     def decode(self,input,errors='strict'):
>>>
>>>UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode characters in position
>>>0-5: character maps to <undefined>
>>>
>>>In [23]: print strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
>>>?????????????????? ???????????????
>>><-- it's not my string "?????? ?????"
>>>
>>>In [24]: strUnicode.encode("utf-8")
>>>Out[24]:
>>>'\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x88\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x81\xb4\xe1\x81\xb7\xe1\x82\x90
>>>\xe1\x82\x87\xe1\x82\x80\xe1\x82\x90\xe1\x82\x86\xe1\x82\
>>>x85' <-- and too many chars
>>>
>>
>>Have you considered, that the HTML page specifies charset=windows-1251
>>in its
>><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
>>charset=windows-1251"> tag ?
>>You are apparently on Linux or so, so I can't track this problem down
>>having only a Windows box here, but inbetween I know that there is
>>another problem with it:
>>I have erronously assumed, that the numbers in &#1087; are hexadecimal,
>>but they are decimal, so it is necessary to do hex(int('1087')) on them
>>to get at the right code to put into eval().
>>As you know now the idea I hope you will succeed as I did with:
>>
>> >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = strHTML.replace('&#','').split(';')
>> >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode
>>['1087', '1088', '1080', '1074', '1077', '1090', ' 1087', '1080',
>>'1090', '1086', '1085', '']
>> >>> lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode = lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode[:-1]
>> >>> lstHexUnicode = [ hex(int(item)) for item in lstIntUnicodeDecimalCode]
>> >>> lstHexUnicode
>>['0x43f', '0x440', '0x438', '0x432', '0x435', '0x442', '0x43f', '0x438',
>>'0x442', '0x43e', '0x43d']
>> >>> eval( 'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
>>u'\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043d'
>> >>> strUnicode = eval(
>>'u"%s"'%''.join(lstHexUnicode).replace('0x','\u0' ) )
>> >>> print strUnicode
>>???????????
>>
>>Sorry for that mess not taking the space into consideration, but I think
>>  you can get the idea anyway.
> 
> 
> I hope he *doesn't* get that "idea".
> 
> #>>> strHTML =
> '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#
> 1086;&#1085;'
> #>>> strUnicode = [unichr(int(x)) for x in
> strHTML.replace('&#','').split(';') if
>  x]
> #>>> strUnicode
> [u'\u043f', u'\u0440', u'\u0438', u'\u0432', u'\u0435', u'\u0442',
> u'\u043f', u'
> \u0438', u'\u0442', u'\u043e', u'\u043d']
> #>>>
Knowing about the built-in function unichr() is a good thing, but ... 
there are still drawbacks, because (not tested!) e.g. :
'100x hallo Python' translates to
'100x &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090; 
&#1055;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
and can't be handled by improving the core idea by usage of unichr() 
instead of the eval() stuff because of the wrong approach with using 
.replace() and .split() which work only on the given example but not in 
general case.
I am just too lazy to sit down and work on code extracting from the HTML 
the &#....; sequences to convert only them letting the other content of 
the string unchanged in order to arrive at a solution that works in 
general case (it should be not hard and I suppose the OP has it already 
:-) if he is at a Python skill level of playing around with the 
mechanize module).
I am still convinced, that there must be a more elegant and direct 
solution, so the subject is still fully open for improvements towards 
the actual final goal.
I suppose, that one can use in addition to unichr() also unicode() as 
replacement for usage of eval().

To Andrei: can you please post here what you have finally arrived at?

Claudio Grondi


From benjamin.cordes at blawrc.de  Sun Jul 30 18:25:12 2006
From: benjamin.cordes at blawrc.de (benjamin.cordes at blawrc.de)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:25:12 -0700
Subject: Small problem with print and comma
Message-ID: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have a small problem with my function: printList. I use print with a
',' . Somehow the last digit of the last number isn't printed. I wonder
why.

import random

def createRandomList(param):
    length = param

    a = []
    """" creating random list"""
    for i in range(0,length):
	    a.append(random.randrange(100))
    return a

def printList(param):
    #doesn't work
    #2 sample outputs
    # 30 70 68 6 48 60 29 48 30 38
    #sorted list
    #6 29 30 30 38 48 48 60 68 7  <--- last character missing

    #93 8 10 28 94 4 26 41 72 6
    #sorted list
    #4 6 8 10 26 28 41 72 93 9 <-- dito


    for i in range(0,len(param)):
	print a[i],
   #works
   #for i in range(0,len(param)-1):
   #	print a[i],
   #print a[len(param)-1]


if __name__ == "__main__":
	length = 10
	a = createRandomList(length)
	printList(a)

	for j in range(1,len(a)):
		key = a[j]
		i = j-1
		while i > -1 and a[i]>key:
			a[i+1] = a[i]
			i = i-1
		a[i+1] = key
		
	print "\n sorted list"
	printList(a)



From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Mon Jul 10 10:14:56 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 15:14:56 +0100 (BST)
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7906.1152294224.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <mjx*4Gjlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Fredrik Lundh  <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
>Ant wrote:
>> It seems that there must be a way to use eval safely, as there are
>> plenty of apps that embed python as a scripting language - and what's
>> the point of an eval function if impossible to use safely, and you have
>> to write your own Python parser!!
>embedding python != accepting scripts from anywhere.

And also using eval (or exec or execfile) != accepting scripts from
anywhere. You've got to consider where the data can have come from
and what (broad) context it's being eval()'d in. Last time I did
something like this was with execfile for advanced configuration of
a server, and if a hostile party were in a position to inject
malicious code into *that* then subversion of our program would be
the least of anyone's concern.

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 22 16:14:39 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 22:14:39 +0200
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.22.20.14.38.250043@gmx.net>

In <44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Tim N. van der Leeuw a ?crit :
>> Hi,
>> 
>> I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
>> or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().
>> 
>> Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
>> doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)
> 
> isiterable = lambda obj: isinstance(obj, basestring) \
>                           or getattr(obj, '__iter__', False)
> 
> 
> Should cover most cases.

What about objects that just implement an apropriate `__getitem__()`
method?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 07:48:43 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:48:43 +0100
Subject: Python to log into web site
In-Reply-To: <ea2b5g$mal$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <9583ed900607180846x55d5b63dkdc71417ec7edb5fb@mail.gmail.com>
	<ea2b5g$mal$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <ea2c2n$pfr$1@sea.gmane.org>

Steve Holden wrote:
> david brochu jr wrote:
> 
>>Hi,
>> 
>>I have been browsing around the net looking for a way (hopefully an 
>>easily implemented module) to log into a web site using python. The site 
>>I wish to log into is an internal site which requires email address and 
>>password for authentication. Does anyone have any suggestions or links 
>>that might point me in the right direction?
>> 
>>
> 
> Look for mechanzie and clientform, both by John J Lee, in sourceforge. 
> They can both help a lot.
> 
Sorry, that first one is "mechanize".
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 15:38:12 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:38:12 GMT
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>

John Salerno wrote:
> Bayazee wrote:
> 
>> i want a free hosting for python .
>> so i can make my scripts and upload to server .
>> i want to use mod_python ...
> 
> good luck with that...

p.s. you might look into http://dollar-hosting.org/

it's very cheap and supposedly supports mod_python, although i could 
never get it to work, so some effort and communication with them might 
be required...


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 17:11:32 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 16:11:32 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<pan.2006.07.30.21.04.52.320820@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <ti9zg.1555$W93.1057@dukeread05>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> In <5S8zg.1553$W93.658 at dukeread05>, Philippe Martin wrote:
> 
>> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
>> 
>> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> python library.
>> 
>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
>> l2 = func (l1)
>> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> 
> def func(x):
>     result = list(x)
>     result[2:4] = [0xd]
>     result[-1], result[-2] = result[-2], result[-1]
>     return result
> 
> l1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8]
> l2 = func(l1)
> print l2
> 
> And now please describe you problem a little better.  ;-)
> 
> Ciao,
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

I'll try.

first of all python is not going to be used for my purpose (sigh)

I have device A which holds a binary coded decimal array [N1,N2,....Nn]
where the array represents a decimal number.

In C: unsigned char dec[] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8};

I need that array converted for device B into an array where each element
represents the actual byte value.

In C: the result would be unsigned char hex[] = {0x1,0x2,0xD,0x6,0x8,0x7};

I guess any pocket calculator goes through that process for dec/hex
conversion.

Hope that's clearer.

Regards,

Philippe





From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 22:28:43 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:28:43 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> Chaos wrote:
> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> >
> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> OT: you don't need the 0 in the range call. Taking it out doesn't make
> it run faster, though.
>
> >
> > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> >
> > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> >
> > I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> > compiling my files.
>
> Unsuccessful because .... what?
> [I wasn't aware that swig was intended to compile Python scripts]
>
> Sticking with Python:
> With the "for thisX" try
> (1) using xrange instead of range.
> (2)     widthRange = range(thisWidth)
>          for thisY in range(thisHeight):
>              for thisX in widthrange:
> and in general, hoist loop-invariants outside the loop.
>
> Have you considered Pyrex?
>
> It all depends on what "#Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY" is doing.
> Perhaps there is a library (PIL, pygame, ...) that does what you are
> trying to do.
> Perhaps if you show us what you are doing, we can give you better
> advice.
>
> HTH,
> John

Nope still same speed. I also tried pyrex but I couldnt understand how
to build pyx files. I didnt see how to set up the files using C. I
wasnt sure if you were supposed use the example or build your own.

With pypy I got a strange error trying to open py files. It said the
first character of evey py file was unknown.

I may try SWIG again becuase I fail to rememeber why I stopped using it.



From jjl at pobox.com  Fri Jul 28 14:15:23 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 19:15:23 +0100
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
References: <9583ed900607261333p62800509w17f042f9ccd2e9c8@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <uslklr3yc.fsf@pobox.com>

"david brochu jr" <brochu121 at gmail.com> writes:

>  want to take a text file (which has a list of urls) and have my script go
> through them 1 by one using Firefox.

Try Selenium.

http://www.openqa.org/selenium/


John



From jemejones at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 10:02:04 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:02:04 -0400
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
In-Reply-To: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <52552ef50607110702v203bfedene3c9e8597d982352@mail.gmail.com>

On 11 Jul 2006 06:45:42 -0700, dbandler at gmail.com <dbandler at gmail.com>
wrote:
>
> I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
> box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
> possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
> look like:
>
>    File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
>     self.connect(host)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
>     self.welcome = self.getresp()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
>     resp = self.getmultiline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
>     line = self.getline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
>     if not line: raise EOFError
> EOFError
>
> Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?
>
>
Would you mind posting your code?  Are you trying to pass the same FTP
connection object to all 5 threads?

-- 
Jeremy M. Jones
http://jeremymjones.com
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From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Sun Jul 30 19:26:09 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:26:09 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eajf6h$b27$1@panix3.panix.com>

In article <1154301694.445639.99580 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>,
 <noahmd at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
>like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
>with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
>laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
>a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.  Is Windows
>an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
>recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
>program under Python?

Windows is an excellent environment for Python!  Just Do It.  ;-)

(Despite the prepronderence of Linux programmers in the dev team, there
are probably more Windows Python programmers than for any other OS,
simply because there are more Windows users.)
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by
definition, not smart enough to debug it."  --Brian W. Kernighan


From casevh at comcast.net  Thu Jul 27 00:26:45 2006
From: casevh at comcast.net (casevh at comcast.net)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 21:26:45 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <1153963872.515583.7450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153963872.515583.7450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153974405.272012.62950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> >
> > >>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug
> >
> >      1.234
> >
> > the first one, print knows enough to recognize and print it as 1.2345.
> > however, in the second line, when it is round off, it doesn't know it
> > is 1.2345 any more.

That is because it isn't 1.2345 anymore. 1.2345 cannot be represented
exactly in radix-2 floating point arithmetic.

> I think maybe this is the reason:  the first one, print will print it
> out with a rounding to the 11th decimal point, therefore hiding any
> floating point imperfection.
>
> however, in the second one, print will not first round it off to the
> 11th decimal point with a subsequent rounding off to the 3rd decimal
> point.  In that case, the floating point imperfection is manifested.
> (by thinking it is 1.2344999999999999)
>
> a question is:  since print can nicely hide and smooth out the floating
> point imperfection, and probably most people prefer it that way, how

I wouldn't prefer it that way. ;)

> come the implementation of print "%10.3f" doesn't also do that --
> eliminating the imperfection first, and then print it out accordingly.
> I think one argument is the loss of precision, but we only print it,
> rather than modify the number or the variable itself...   hm... say, if
> a bank uses python to print out the "change that should be returned to
> the customer" using print "%20.2f", then there will be a cent missing
> here and there...  why not smooth out that imperfection and return that
> penny to the customer?  (not that they really care).

The decimal module will do what you want. One of its primary
motivations was correct rounding for financial activities.

casevh



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Fri Jul 21 13:07:10 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 10:07:10 -0700
Subject: Language Design: list_for scope?
In-Reply-To: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <1153501630.051965.29710@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


guthrie wrote:
> I'm pretty new to Python, and trying to parse the grammar.
>
> Q: What is the scope of the testlist in a list_for?
>
> For example;
> Instead of;
>       for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
> in this:
>       for x in dict and dict[x]=="thing":
> x is undefined.
>
> And why doesn't this work:
> 	for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing":
>
> Any insights/hints on why it is broken?
>
> Thanks,
> Gregory
> ----------------------------------------
> http://docs.python.org/ref/grammar.txt:
> list_for ::=
>               "for" expression_list "in" testlist
>                [list_iter]
> testlist ::=
>               test ( "," test )* [ "," ]
> list_iter ::=
>               list_for | list_if
> list_if ::=
>               "if" test [list_iter]
>
>
> ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
> http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
> ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----

It is hard to answer your "Why doesn't this wirk question|", and it
must be hard to approach Python as a new user by looking at the
grammer.
Why not try looking at examples, trying them out in the Idle IDE, and
only then compare  your working examples to the grammer?

Here is a page with examples you could type in or vary in the
interpreter:

http://nltk.sourceforge.net/tutorial/advpython/nochunks.html#list_comprehensions

Cheers, Paddy.



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 19:39:08 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 16:39:08 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> > Chris Smith wrote:
> > > Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.
> > > Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic
> > > sense; no OO going on here).
> >
> > Depends what you mean by "object".
> >
> > int x = 6; int y = 5; x = y;
> >
> > I'd say x was mutable, with no "identity" problems involved?
>
> The variable x definitely has identity that's independent of its value.

I'm not sure what you mean by that.

>  I also see, though, that the majority (so far, I'd
> say all) of the potential uses for which it's worth introducing mutation
> into an otherwise mutation-free language allow the possibility of
> aliasing, which sorta makes me wonder whether this problem is worth
> solving.

What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
Yet: useful.


Marshall



From a_salnikov at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 30 03:01:34 2006
From: a_salnikov at yahoo.com (Andy Salnikov)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 00:01:34 -0700
Subject: write()
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eahlje$26n$1@news.Stanford.EDU>


"manuhack" <manuhack at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153981114.837884.232610 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com...
>I copied the lines
>
> f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> print f
> f.close()
>
> from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> directory" '/tmp/workfile'
>
> Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> Thanks.  Without / I can open it.
>

  In addition to what others said, if you need to open a temporary file,
it's better to use os.tmpfile() to get a file descriptor and not to
rely on magic file names like '/tmp/workfile'. So instead of open()
you should do:

import os

f = os.tmpfile()

This should work fine of both Windows and UNIX systems.

  Andy.




From j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk  Thu Jul 27 06:20:46 2006
From: j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk (Jon Bowlas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:20:46 +0100
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
References: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnech411.7s3.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <00ef01c6b166$530b7c40$40e53cc1@wu5>

It says line 8 in the traceback so I guess its 

result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')

Jon
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Sybren Stuvel" <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Thursday, July 27, 2006 11:06 AM
Subject: Re: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found


> Jon Bowlas enlightened us with:
>> I wrote this script in Zope some time ago and it worked for a while,
>> but now I'm getting the following error:
>> TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType
>> found
> 
> What line is causing the error?
> 
> Sybren
> -- 
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? 
>                                             Frank Zappa
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From ryanshewcraft at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:22:03 2006
From: ryanshewcraft at gmail.com (ryanshewcraft at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:22:03 -0700
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <44c61884$0$21639$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c61884$0$21639$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153833723.599671.188540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno may be right.  At some point I've got

del self.regressors[fundNumber]

which eliminates one of the variables in the list.  I guess I figured
it would be alright because I thought the program would run in a linear
fashion (aside from loops, etc).  I use the list in the code above
where I delete the variable.   Its weird because the deletion is under
an "if" that only occurs if the Regress method runs correctly.  Somehow
it seems to anticipate the deletion of the variable before it occurs.
Its a bit like quantum mechanics?



From ben at serverone.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 17:59:23 2006
From: ben at serverone.co.uk (Ben Edwards)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 22:59:23 +0100
Subject: getting debug from urllib2
In-Reply-To: <20060731163333.GB18594@kateandchris.net>
References: <1154353416.7157.77.camel@localhost.localdomain>
	<20060731163333.GB18594@kateandchris.net>
Message-ID: <1154383164.7157.98.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Thanks a lot, hove managed to get it working:

opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPHandler(debuglevel=1))

Ben

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 12:33 -0400, Chris Lambacher wrote:
> On Mon, Jul 31, 2006 at 02:43:36PM +0100, Ben Edwards wrote:
> > Have been experimenting with HTTP stuff in python 2.4 and am having a
> > problem getting debug info. If I use utllib.utlopen I get debug but if I
> > user utllib2 I do not.  Below is the probram and the output I am
> > getting.
> > 
> > Any insight?
> urllib2 sets the debug level every time a connection is made.  The HTTPHandler
> classes provide a way of setting this, but there is no convenient way of doing
> this when using the urlopen interface.
> 
> -Chris
> > Ben
> > 
> > * Code *
> > 
> > import urllib, urllib2, httplib
> > 
> > url = 'http://www.mozillazine.org/atom.xml'
> > httplib.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
> > 
> > print "urllib"
> > 
> > data = urllib.urlopen(url);
> > 
> > print "urllib2"
> > 
> > request = urllib2.Request(url)
> > opener = urllib2.build_opener()
> > feeddata = opener.open(request).read()
> > 
> > print "End\n"
> > 
> > * Output *
> > 
> > urllib
> > connect: (www.mozillazine.org, 80)
> > send: 'GET /atom.xml HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: www.mozillazine.org\r
> > \nUser-agent: Python-urllib/1.16\r\n\r\n'
> > reply: 'HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n'
> > header: Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:43:11 GMT
> > header: Server: Apache/2.0.55 (Gentoo) PHP/4.4.0-pl1-gentoo
> > header: Last-Modified: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:05:52 GMT
> > header: ETag: "20a1b4-6bcf-be12000"
> > header: Accept-Ranges: bytes
> > header: Content-Length: 27599
> > header: Content-Type: application/xml
> > header: Age: 5
> > header: X-Cache: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org
> > header: X-Cache-Lookup: HIT from mz5.mz.osuosl.org:80
> > header: Connection: close
> > urllib2
> > End
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -- 
> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list




From antroy at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 15:01:03 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 12:01:03 -0700
Subject: Smaple of recursive directory walker
In-Reply-To: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>
References: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154199663.309953.88020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


> At work I have a directory of about 50 large text files and i need to
> search thru them for 10 separate words and print how many were found
> in total.
>
> I am new to python so could somebody please show me some sample code
> that would help me get this done and i will work from that.

Assuming it's primarily the directory walk you need help with,
something like the following should help:

for root, dirs, files in os.walk('~/mydir'):
    for file in [f for f in files if f.endswith(".txt")]:
        fh = open(file)
        for line in fh:
            # Search for words.
        fh.close()



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 14:38:05 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 13:38:05 -0500
Subject: multinormal distribution
In-Reply-To: <1152262261.964686.23120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152262261.964686.23120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8m9m7$pbe$1@sea.gmane.org>

TG wrote:
> hi there.
> 
> I'm struggling with a function of numpy. Here it is :
> 
> import numpy as NP
> mean = NP.array([0,0])
> cov = NP.array([[1,0.25],[0.25,1]])
> v = NP.random.multivariate_normal(mean,cov)
> 
> Quite simple code : it is supposed to generate an array of two random
> values taken from a multinormal distribution, with respect to means and
> covariance matrix given as parameters.
> 
> What happens on my computer is simple : it freezes ! I can't even stop
> the process with ctrl-C in my python interpreter i have to kill it from
> outside.
> 
> I'm running : 
> - python 2.4.1
> - numpy 0.9.8

Well, it's working quite well for me on OS X PPC and Linux AMD-64 with a 
reasonably recent SVN checkout of numpy. Did you build numpy yourself, or use a 
binary distribution? Windows? Linux? OS X?

Please join us on the numpy mailing list with this information; hopefully there 
is someone there with a similar platform who can replicate your bug or offer 
better advice than myself.

   http://www.scipy.org/Mailing_Lists

In the meantime, you might try compiling a recent SVN checkout of numpy and see 
if the problem goes away for you.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From robin at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 09:21:10 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:21:10 +0100
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
In-Reply-To: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
References: <ldo-D130BB.19103610072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>
Message-ID: <44B25446.9020409@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

Michael Yanowitz wrote:
......
> 
>> I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>> Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>> include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.
> 
> The standard C way would be to check sizeof(void *).
so on those old ARM RISC OSes with 32 bit arithmetic would I get sizeof(void *) 
== 4 when the address bus was 26 bits wide? Seems a bit naive to assume the 
address bus will always be the same width as the registers, but I guess the 
compilers have to do something.

I seem to remember some compilers allowing pure 32 bit addressing on 8088 
machines (with 16 bit registers), but I think the M$ compilers all had near and 
far pointer mechanisms to help you get confused.
-mumbling-ly yrs-
Robin Becker



From schwehr at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:42:11 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:42:11 -0700
Subject: Detecting socket connection failure
Message-ID: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

I've tried to RTFM this and am having no luck.    First off, I am using
Mac OSX 10.4.7 with python 2.4.2 from fink.  I am trying to connect to
a server that should be rejecting connections and I was surprised when
it did not throw an exception or do something otherwise equally nasty.
It just connects and never returns any data.  First, the proof that
something is there and rejecting the connection (or is it that this
thing actually accepts the connection and then drops it?)...

telnet localhost 31414
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
Connection closed by foreign host.


Now if I fire up ipython and try to connect...

In [1]: import socket, select

In [2]: remote = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)

In [3]: remote.connect(('localhost',31414))

In [4]: remote.recv(200)
Out[4]: ''

In [5]: r,w,e=select.select([remote],[remote],[remote],1)

In [6]: print r,w,e
[<socket._socketobject object at 0x7e48d0>] [<socket._socketobject
object at 0x7e48d0>] []

In [7]: remote.recv(200)
Out[7]: ''

So it looks like it will for ever say that it is ready for read and
write, but really is not.  How do I detect this case?  The recv may
really not have any data for a long time, so a recv of no bytes is not
a way to test the connection status.  This is probably a FAQ, but I
can't figure it out.

Thanks!!
-kurt



From richie at entrian.com  Fri Jul 14 10:09:55 2006
From: richie at entrian.com (Richie Hindle)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:09:55 +0100
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
In-Reply-To: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4c9fb2doefbdb03skbvp9831or16re4i02@4ax.com>


[Etayki]
> How do I get SW_MAXIMIZE to be defined?

It's in win32con.  Like this:

>>> from win32con import *
>>> SW_MAXIMIZE
3

-- 
Richie Hindle
richie at entrian.com


From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Sun Jul  9 17:07:38 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 14:07:38 -0700
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152453983.831402.233990@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.15.24.47.778695@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152459569.852989.149710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.16.23.00.104052@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152479258.520700.26630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> Here's a thought: comment out every attribute in your class, and then try
> pickling it. If it succeeds, uncomment just *one* attribute, and try
> pickling again. Repeat until pickling fails.

Was trying to avoid that but you motivated me to do so and now I found
the probem.

In a utility routine I had:
   obj.act = act
   ActionSucceded = obj.act()

Had to add:
   obj.act = None

Thanks :-)



From will at willNOmcguganSPAM.com  Thu Jul 27 13:46:58 2006
From: will at willNOmcguganSPAM.com (Will McGugan)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 18:46:58 +0100
Subject: iter(callable, sentinel)
Message-ID: <44c8fc15$0$30316$fa0fcedb@news.zen.co.uk>

Hi,

I've been using Python for years, but I recently encountered something 
in the docs I wasnt familar with. That is, using two arguements for 
iter(). Could someone elaborate on the docs and maybe show a typical use 
case for it?


Thanks,

Will McGugan

--
work: http://www.kelpiesoft.com
blog: http://www.willmcgugan.com


From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 11 11:08:59 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:08:59 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8026.1152627913.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e90eu5$7pd$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
>> Ant enlightened us with:
>>>     try:
>>>         assertion = callable.is_assertion
>>>     except:
>>>         pass
>>
>> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
>> be thrown. Catching everything generally is a bad idea. In this case,
>> my bet is that catching AttributeError is enough.
> 
> and
> 
>     assertion = hasattr(callable, "is_assertion")
> 
> is even nicer (and can be done as part of the if-statement after the call,
> in- stead of in a separate try/except before the call)

You would normally expect that you can turn off a flag by setting it to
False instead of deleting it -- which is also how the OP's code works. So I
would prefer

assertion = getattr(callable, "is_assertion", False)

if you forgo the explicit try...except.

Peter


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 15:24:23 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 12:24:23 -0700
Subject: Python Path
Message-ID: <1154028263.680155.20970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I have two python 2.4s on my Ubuntu Linux box. One  is Python 2.4.2 and
other is Python 2.4.3. I use SPE as an IDE for coding. I have written a
small app in wxPython. If I run it from SPE it just works fine, but if
I run it from console it gives me import wx eror.

Following is the log which you might find helpful to answer my post.


1) ***When I just type python on console I get following
user at user:~$ python
ActivePython 2.4.2 Build 10 (ActiveState Corp.) based on
Python 2.4.2 (#1, Jan 17 2006, 15:39:23)
[GCC 2.95.3 20010315 (SuSE)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

2) ***AND SPE is using the following version of Python
Python 2.4.3 (#2, Apr 27 2006, 14:43:58)
[GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] on linux2


3) ***When I type sys.path on console I get following
>>> sys.path
['', '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python24.zip', '/opt/ActivePython-
2.4/lib/python 2.4', '/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2',
'/opt/ActivePython-2.4/ lib/python2.4/lib-tk',
'/opt/ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload', '/opt/
ActivePython-2.4/lib/python2.4/site-packages']

4) ***When I type sys.path on SPE I get following
>> sys.path
['/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode',
'/usr/share/spe', '/usr/lib/python24.zip', '/usr/lib/python2.4',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/plat-linux2', '/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-tk',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload',
'/usr/local/lib/python2.4/site-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/HTMLgen',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/Numeric',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/PIL',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cairo',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/gst- 0.10',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/gtk-2.0',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode',
'/usr/lib/site-python', '/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_spe',
'/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/_spe/plugins',
u'/home/darshan/Desktop/Project']


5) *** on which python I get the following
which python
/opt/ActivePython-2.4/bin/python


I want to get rid of ActivePython which I happend to install because I
was trying to Test the IDE by ActiveState and I think this version of
Python was installed by it.

I am happy using Python 2.4.3 but there is not way I am being able to
use it on console. 


Every help is appreciated.

Thanks



From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 17:43:25 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 23:43:25 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152890632.892109.61930@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>
	<4_vtg.14828$MF6.8524@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f207586ed65f730989796@news.altopia.net>
	<1152833948.111493.133950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97nn9$6g0$1@online.de>
	<1152890632.892109.61930@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e993et$jvr$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> What about my example of SQL? Mutation, no pointers, no aliasing.
>>> Yet: useful.
>> Sorry, but SQL does have aliasing.
> 
> Well. I suppose we do not have an agreed upon definition
> of aliasing, so it is hard to evaluate either way. I would
> propose using the same one you used for identity:
> 
> if there are two variables and modifying one also modifies
> the other, then there is aliasing between them.

I think that's an adequate example.
For a definition, I'd say it's a bit too narrow unless we use a fairly 
broad definition for "variable". I.e. in a C context, I'd say that a->b 
is a variable, too, as would be foo(blah)->x.

> I avoided mentioning equality to include, for example,
> having an array i that is an alias to a subset of array j.

This would mean that there's aliasing between, say, a list of 
transaction records and the balance of the account (since modifying the 
list of transactions will change the balance, unless the object isn't 
properly encapsulated).
For purposes of this discussion, it's probably fair to say "that's a 
form of aliasing, too", even though it's quite indirect.

>> E.g. if you have records that have name="John", surname="Doe", the
>> statements
>>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "John"
>> and
>>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "Doe"
>> are aliases of each other.

Arrrrrgh... I made a most braindamaged, stupid mistake here. The second 
SELECT should have used the *surname* field, so it would be

 >>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE surname = "Doe"

Then, if there's a record that has name = "John", surname = "Doe", the 
two WHERE clauses have aliasing in the form of overlapping result sets.

>> The alias is actually in the WHERE clause.
> 
> Not by my definition, because there is only one variable here.

Sorry, my wording was sloppy.

I meant to say that 'in SQL, you identify records via clauses like WHERE 
name = "John", i.e. WHERE clauses are a kind of identity'.

This is still not precise - the identity of an SQL record isn't 
explicitly accessible (except the nonstandard OID facility that some SQL 
engines offer). Nevertheless, they do have an identity, and there's a 
possibility of aliasing - if you change all Johns, you may also change a 
Doe.

>> And this *can* get you into
>> trouble if you have something that does
>>    UPDATE ... WHERE name = "John"
>> and
>>    UPDATE ... WHERE surname = "Doe"
>> e.g. doing something with the Johns, then updating the names of all
>> Does, and finally restoring the Johns (but not recognizing that changing
>> the names of all Does might have changed your set of Johns).
> 
> The fact that some person might get confused about the
> semantics of what they are doing does not indicate aliasing.
> It is easy enough to do an analysis of your updates and
> understand what will happen; this same analysis is impossible
> with two arbitrary pointers, unless one has a whole-program
> trace. That strikes me as a significant difference.

Sure. I said that aliases in SQL aren't as bad as in other programs.

Once you get abstraction mixed in, the analysis becomes less 
straightforward. In the case of SQL, views are such an abstraction 
facility, and they indeed can obscure what you're doing and make the 
analysis more difficult. If it's just SQL we're talking about, you 
indeed have to look at the whole SQL to check whether there's a view 
that may be involved in the queries you're analysing, so the situation 
isn't *that* different from pointers - it's just not a problem because 
the amount of code is so tiny!

>> Conceptually, this is just the same as having two different access path
>> to the same memory cell. Or accessing the same global variable through a
>> call-by-reference parameter and via its global name.
> 
> There are similarities, but they are not the same.

What are the relevant differences? How does the semantics of a WHERE 
clause differ from that of a pointer, in terms of potential aliasing?

My line of argument would be this:
Pointers can be simulated using arrays, so it's no surprise that arrays 
can emulate all the aliasing of pointers.
Arrays can be simulated using WHERE (with SELECT and UPDATE), so I'd say 
that SQL can emulate all the aliasing of arrays, and hence that of pointers.

>> BTW with views, you get not just aliasing but what makes aliasing really
>> dangerous. Without views, you can simply survey all the queries that you
>> are working with and lexically compare table and field names to see
>> whether there's aliasing. With views, the names that you see in a
>> lexical scope are not enough to determine aliasing.
>> E.g. if you use a view that builds upon the set of Johns but aren't
>> aware of that (possibly due to abstraction barriers), and you change the
>> name field of all Does, then you're altering the view without a chance
>> to locally catch the bug. That's just as bad as with any pointer
>> aliasing problem.
> 
> It is certainly aliasing, but I would not call it "just as bad." There
> are
> elaborate declarative constraint mechanisms in place, for example.

Yes, but they can give you unexpected results.
It smells a bit like closing the gates after the horses are out.

On the other hand, *if* there is identity and updates, no matter how we 
handle them, there must be *some* way to deal with the problems that 
ensue. Having declarative constraints doesn't sound like the worst way 
to do that.

> And the definition of the view itsef is a declarative, semantic
> entity. Whereas a pointer is an opaque, semantics-free address.

Oh, that's a very BCPL view. It was still somewhat true for K&R C, but 
it's not really applicable to ANSI C, not at all to C++, and even less 
to languages that associate well-encapsulated types with pointers (such 
as Ada, Eiffel, or Java).
Unless, of course, you mean "address" if you say "pointer" ;-)

Regards,
Jo


From skodela at lithium.com  Wed Jul 12 14:43:04 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:43:04 +0000
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <slrneb9o7s.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<slrneb9o7s.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44b52f6d_3@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Oh dear. For the time being I will leave it with fork and leave it at that.

Ta
sree

> You may be missing nothing. If I recall correctly a similar problem was
> once reported on the pygtk-list. Some investigation showed that some
> programs couldn't be reliably run from a thread, using os.system.
> 


From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Sat Jul 22 12:58:02 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 09:58:02 -0700
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
Message-ID: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().

Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)

Regards,

--Tim



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 03:21:40 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:21:40 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>

In <1153292410.476691.218950 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, Sanjay wrote:

> Being new to Python, and after having selected Python in comparison to
> ruby (Turbogears vs Rails) , is jerks me a bit. In my openion it should
> be an obvious and easy to implement feature and must be, if not already
> have been, planned in future releases of Python.

Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
the problem with inheritance or a meta class?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From richard.kerry at siemens.com  Wed Jul  5 06:41:26 2006
From: richard.kerry at siemens.com (Kerry, Richard)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 11:41:26 +0100
Subject: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import
In-Reply-To: <e8g4eb$gfr$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <4B283A856F4BB049AC1A147765E65B6395DFE7@GBMDDMH202AMSX.gb001.siemens.net>

 
The only use I now for them is when you need to plot the sine of a sine.
Or possibly to calculate the frequency spectrum of this.

Ie 
x = a.sin( b.sin( y ) )

This is fundamental to Frequency Modulation.
I don't know if they apply anywhere else ?


Unhelpfully,
Richard.



-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org] On
Behalf Of Nick Maclaren
Sent: 05 July 2006 11:32
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Illegal instruction or undefined symbol from import


In article <llMqg.690$RG3.13402 at se2-cb104-9.zrh1.ch.colt.net>,
Mathias Waack <M.Waack at gmx.de> writes:
|> 
|> > There's 
|> > a lot of somewhat obscure mathematical stuff that got into the
standard
|> > C lib. How often do you need Bessel functions?
|> 
|> Maybe each day. What is a Bessel function?;)

Some people use them all the time; there are specific physical problems 
where they are fundamental.  I have never used them, in 40 years of
wide-ranging experience in the scientific computing arena!  


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 22:18:11 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 19:18:11 -0700
Subject: Python newbie needs constructive suggestions
References: <mailman.8409.1153526071.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153534691.217413.311280@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

davew-python at cs.haverford.edu wrote:
> What is the idiomatically appropriate Python way to pass, as a "function-type parameter", code that is most clearly written with a local variable?
>
> For example, map takes a function-type parameter:
>
>    map(lambda x: x+1, [5, 17, 49.5])
>
> What if, instead of just having x+1, I want an expression that is most clearly coded with a variable that is needed _only_ inside the lambda, e.g. if I wanted to use the name "one" instead of 1:
>
>    map(lambda x: (one = 1  x+one), [5, 17, 49.5])

I believe most people would just write something like this:

def something():
    #local helper function to add one to a number
    def addone(x):
        one = 1
        return x+one
    return map(addone, [5, 17, 49.5])

-- 
- Justin



From exarkun at divmod.com  Wed Jul 19 17:10:35 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:10:35 -0400
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
In-Reply-To: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <20060719211035.29014.1884991433.divmod.quotient.44744@ohm>

On Wed, 19 Jul 2006 20:42:40 GMT, Matthew Wilson <matt at overlook.homelinux.net> wrote:
>
>I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
>update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:
>
> [snip]

Write more unit tests.  If you have mistakes like this, they will fail
and you will know you need to fix your code.

Jean-Paul


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:25:18 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:25:18 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <e9scck$ali$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9scck$ali$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44c279f2$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro a ?crit :
> In message <1153537336.305790.311650 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, Justin 
> Azoff wrote:
> 
> 
>>Simon Forman wrote:
>>
>>>That third option seems to work fine.
>>
>>Well it does, but there are still many things wrong with it
>>
>>    if len(tok) > 0:
>>should be written as
>>    if(tok):
> 
> 
> I prefer the first way.

This is your right, but it's not the python idiom.

> Besides, your way is sub-optimal.

Care to explain ?


From larry.bates at websafe.com  Wed Jul 12 10:54:17 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:54:17 -0500
Subject: Progress Bars in python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8065.1152700861.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8065.1152700861.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <nd6dnTLbofqZkCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tWdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Hari Sekhon wrote:
> Hi,
>   I've written a script which backs up a huge bunch of files, but I
> don't want the script to output the file names as it does this as it
> clutters the screen, I only output errors.
> 
> So in order to see that the script is working and not stuck, I'd like to
> implement some kind of progress bar or something, perhaps like the
> spinning thing that you often see in linux or freebsd consisting of
> switching / - \ | on the spot to get the appearance of a spinning
> bar.... I can figure out that the spinning bar is done by switching
> these four chars but I don't know how they get each char to replace the
> last one instead of printing them in succession.
> 
> Does anybody have any good suggestions about what the best way of doing
> this or any other suggestions for the best ways to show that the script
> is processing...?
> 
> 
> Hari

This also is shown in Python Cookbook:

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/299207

Larry Bates


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 07:14:01 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 23:14:01 +1200
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>
	<ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a8d2ad$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-C7750A.23140103072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <44a8d2ad$1 at news.eftel.com>,
 John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:

>On 3/07/2006 4:45 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>
>> I thought Windows (the NT line) was 
>> POSIX-compliant.
>
>What on earth gave you that idea?

<http://fuckinggoogleit.com/?query=windows+nt+posix>


From valpassing at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 00:31:37 2006
From: valpassing at gmail.com (valpa)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 21:31:37 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python??  about xterm and telnet
Message-ID: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
telnet on to them and configure them.
It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
each server.

Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
could start to type command in these xterms.

Any suggestion appreciate. Much thanks.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Tue Jul 11 17:30:53 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 21:30:53 GMT
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <1152644732.371045.264820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<UkOsg.2452$No6.49783@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152644732.371045.264820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <hMUsg.2454$No6.49811@news.tufts.edu>

Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
>> Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:
>>
>>> I'm curious, why it didn't work?
>>> I sent them an email recently, asking about mod_python support, and
>>> they replied afirmatively, and very quickly. They also said that they
>>> can install other scripts on demand.
>>> But I never tried them though...
>>> I'd like to know more about your experience with this hosting, if
>>> possible.
>> Their support was always great, and they tried several things to get it
>> to work, but I soon got the feeling that although they "support"
>> mod_python, they didn't really have it set up correctly. They tried
>> different variations of setting up the proper handlers, but nothing ever
>> worked for me, whereas other places I've tried with mod_python, it
>> simply works when you go to a .psp page, for example.
>>
>> Perhaps by now they've fixed it. It is certainly cheap enough to give a
>> shot, and they allow you a few months in which you can cancel and get a
>> refund.
> 
> I see.
> Perhaps the solution to these problems is configuring your handlers as
> .htaccess in your web folders. This way, you don't need to ask your
> hosting provider to fiddle with Apache configurations in order to suit
> your needs.
> I know by working on my own computer that these configurations are very
> tricky...
> 

I tried that too, but I just think that something wasn't right on their 
end. Some days I would see certain configurations, and then the next day 
it was gone and then later back again. It was obvious they were changing 
things and adding extra support, but it just never worked for me.

But I do encourage you to try it. You're probably more knowledgeable 
than I am on the subject anyway, and at the least you can get a refund.


From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 17:32:29 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 14:32:29 -0700
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.21.16.17.417451@gmx.net>
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
	<1153338740.544977.90000@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.21.16.17.417451@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153344749.366338.306790@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch skrev:

> In <1153338740.544977.90000 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, alfa1234 wrote:
>
> > Hi Diez !!
> > Thanks for the reply.. Tried a little well dokumented program:
> >
> > # file: construct.ini
> > retries = 10
> >
> > # file: construct.py
> > import cfgparse
> >
> > c = cfgparse.ConfigParser()
> > c.add_option('retries', type='int')
> > c.add_file('construct.ini')
> > opts = c.parse()
> > print 'Number of retries:',opts.retries
> >
> > Got the following Error when trying to run code:
> > [wsadmin] Traceback (innermost last):
> > [wsadmin]   File "<string>", line 1, in ?
> > [wsadmin] ImportError: no module named cfgparse
>
> Well, the message is quite descriptive.  There is no module named
> `cfgparse`.  Diez suggestet the `ConfigParser` modul.  You notice the
> difference?
>
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch

Hi Marc !!
Did manage to download cfgparse-0.1.tar.gz which include the
"cfgparse.py" module and the program seem to find the module , but when
running above sample I now get the

[wsadmin] ImportError: no module named Configparser

Im not sure about this, but Im running all this using the Websphere 6.0
jython interface(classes = jython.jar)..
Do I need some additional Python implementation in order for the pyton
programs to run properly ??
I really appreciate your help out there guys...



From schwehr at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:44:41 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:44:41 -0700
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8618.1154009730.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8618.1154009730.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154011481.484047.189610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Perfect.  Thanks much!

-kurt

> <python>
> from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite
>
> db = sqlite.connect (":memory:")
> db.row_factory = sqlite.Row
>
> db.execute ("CREATE TABLE x (i INTEGER, code VARCHAR (10), name VARCHAR
> (60))")
>
> for row in db.execute ("PRAGMA TABLE_INFO ('x')"):
>   print row['name'], row['type']
> 
> </python>



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 17:59:12 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:59:12 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154383152.20290.74.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 14:40 -0700, northband wrote:
> Just spoke with my department and looks like we still want to go with a
> server scripting method.  Although MVC may be better fit, for the sake
> of the learning curve, we want to use a PSP style method.

I'm with the others who suggest using an MVC framework.  The learning
curve for Django, TurboGears, Pylons, et al, is ridiculously short, and
the maintainability of the resulting code is infinitely superior.

Why don't you take a look at the 20 minute wiki screencast that
TurboGears has and make a decision then.  Although the screencast is
specifically about TurboGears, a similar screencast could be made for
almost any of the other MVC-style frameworks:

http://files.turbogears.org/video/20MinuteWiki2nd.mov
http://www.turbogears.org/preview/docs/tutorials/wiki20/index.html

Developing in a PHP/ASP embedded style is an anachronism these days and
for good reason.   Spend a couple days learning a modern framework.  The
time will be well-spent and quickly made up in shortened development
time and code maintainablility.

> So as of now we are looking at using FreeBSD, MySQL, and some form of
> Python that will allow us to achieve great performance serving
> 30million page loads / month.

If I were you, I'd cease worrying about the performance of the framework
itself and research caching proxies and load balancing solutions
instead.  The payoff in performance will be much higher and you won't
have to make architectural compromises.

Regards,
Cliff

-- 



From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul  5 00:25:42 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 21:25:42 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
Message-ID: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi
I would like to pass a variable in and use it as part of a name of an
object, something like below, where I pass the variable software into
the function and use it as part of the name of the object so that I can
append to it using the other vairables.  Any suggestions?


    def a_d(self,software,mac,time,extra):
        global d_software
        d_software.software.append([mac,time,extra])



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 08:51:47 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:51:47 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
(snip)
>>>>
>>>>>I have used that name in
>>>>>dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC.
>>>>
>>>>Too bad for you.
>>>
>>>
>>>Thank you, that was helpful.
>>
>>What am I supposed to say ? You choose a bad name for a public symbol,
>>used it in 27000 lines of Python code (which certainly took some time to
>>write),
> 
> 
> This is a __baseless__ statement.

Please explain what's wrong ? The "bad naming" part is your own
statement, the "27000 lines" is your own statement too, and I don't see
what's wrong with the assumption that producing 27000 lines of Python
took some time.

> For all you know I could have used
> the attribute twice in those 27000 lines of code.

How does this make my statement wrong ? Did I imply that you used this
attribute in each and any of the 27000 lines ?

> Even then searching
> for and replacing the attribute is tedious and error prone.

Indeed, and whether you believe it or not, I do share your pain here. I
had to face similar problem, and without even find and grep (a dumb
'CASE Tool' that stored it's proprietary language code in a
non-documented binary format and was missing decent, reliable
search/replace utilities). And the project was actually more than
50KLOC, forms description excluded.

> 
>>and all of a sudden you realize the name is bad and proceed to
>>fix the problem.
>  
> Yes, the same way many programmers suddenly realize their class,
> function, method, project, etc is poorly designed even after using it
> for months and proceed to fix the problem. Shit happens.

Agreed. I don't pretend to be better than anyone else at this.

> 
>>If you know of any other way than a massive
>>find/replace, please share.
> 
> 
> I wouldn't have started the topic if I did. Apparently the only
> solution is to rereference the attribute with a better name and pray
> and hope third party developers will use the better name. Or search and
> replace!

Is actually this code already published ? If yes, you have the option of
making the 'tmp' accessor a computed attribute pointing to the better
named one, have the hidden getter/setter code emit a warning (including
useful informations about where the attributes is accessed - this is
opened to inspection), and officialy deprecate the badly named attribute
so you can definitively get rid of it in a near release.

> 
>>But blaming the language for your error won't help. 
> 
> I did no such thing, you are making that up.

Sorry, that's what I understood. If it's me being guilty of
overreaction, please accept my apologies.

> 
>>>>>There's a chance that other
>>>>>develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
>>>>>emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
>>>>>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.
>>>>
>>>>So why did you name it that way at first ?
>>>>
>>>
>>>What does it matter? There are 10 million and one reasons from given
>>>identifiers bad names.
>>
>>And how many reasons to use a bad name in 27000 LOCs before deciding to
>>fix the problem ?
>> 
> 
> Do you really think I used the name 27000 times in 27000 lines of code?

Of course not. But since 27KLOC is far from trivial for a Python
application, one can think that you had time to notice something wrong
with the naming/use of this attribute.

> Maybe I'm not making myself clear. Having to search 27000 lines of code
> to replace an identifier name is tedious and error prone.

Yes. You can of course encapsulate access to the attribute in a property
and have that property either emit a warning, raise an exception, log
the access etc, so if you missed some use of it, chances are you'll find
out pretty soon. Unit tests may help too - they can be great for
reporting broken code. You may also want to look if lint-like tools
(pylint etc) can help you there.

> 
>>>>>Now compare that
>>>>>to the accessors.
>>>>
>>>>But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.
>>>
>>>
>>>I didn't say it wasn't.
>>
>>Yes you did. May I quote ?
>>"""
>>"tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others. Now compare that
>>to the accessors. Not only do they improve readability at the expense
>>of more code, they actually allow me to change the lousily named
>>attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
>>searching, replacing and praying.
>>"""
>>
>>This obviously implies that you don't understand 'tmp' as being an accessor.
>> 
> 
> You are quoting me out of context. I was speaking with respect to real
> accessors, not Python's latent implementation mechanisms.

This I had understood. My point is that if you *see* a public attribute
name as really being an accessor with automagical default
getters/setters (FWIW, look at the __getattribute__ method and Python's
name lookup rules - you'll notice that it's really how it works), then
your "compare that to accessors" doesn't stand.

> 
>>>>>Not only do they improve readability
>>>>
>>>>Err... do you find:
>>>>
>>>>obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
>>>>val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()
>>>>
>>>>really more readable than:
>>>>
>>>>obj.temporary_buffer = val
>>>>val = obj.temporary_buffer
>>>
>>>
>>>I didn't name the attribute temporary_buffer, I named it tmp.
>>
>>You didn't name the *accessor* 'temporary_buffer', you named it 'tmp'.
>>You are *exactly* in the same situation as if you had used getter/setter
>>named "get_tmp" and 'set_tmp". And your point about getters/setters
>>"improving readability" is moot.
> 
> No I'm not. Naming attributes and naming methods are entirely different
> situations.

Why ?

In Python, a "method" is nothing else than a descriptor (attribute)
returning a callable. I agree that there's a small difference between a
callable and a non-callable object, in that you can apply the __call__
operator only to callables, but this doesn't make such a difference
here. In Python, methods are attributes. And naming is naming.

> 
(snip)
>>
>>>In Java there's a clear distinction between attributes
>>>and methods.
>>
>>Yes, and that's a big weakness of Java. But that's another point, and
>>absolutely irrelevant here. Failing to understand a language semantics
>>gives no right to complain about the language.
>> 
> 
> I never complained about either languages. You are making that up.

I may be misunderstanding your point about "Java having a clear
distinction between attributes and methods" and overinterpreting it as
implying "Python doesn't and it led me into a bad situation, hence Java
is Good(tm) and Python is Bad(tm)". If so, once again, I do apologize.

>>>>>Sure, if you are dealing with less
>>>>>than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
>>>>>But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
>>>>>developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.
>>>>
>>>>Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.>
>>>
>>>I choose good names for most of my APIs. But there cases when you never
>>>know an attribute will actually be an API before hand.
>>
>>Then don't make it part of the API. And anyway, 27000 lines of Python
>>take some time to write, so you had the opportunity to address the
>>problem long ago - FWIW, you could have fixed it as soon as you noticed
>>you were accessing this attribute in client code.
>> 
> 
> Yes, I fixed it then. Which was 27000 lines of code later.

Not exactly a garden party.

>>>>>Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
>>>>
>>>>or 'tmp'.
>>>>
>>>>>But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
>>>>>less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
>>>>
>>>>s/developpers/you/>
>>>
>>>Ha, right! I bet you are perfect developer.
>>
>>Certainly not, but I wouldn't confuse my own problems with a general
>>rule. Note FWIW that I wouldn't blame a language (or my lack of
>>understanding of that language) for my own errors.
>> 
> 
> Can you point me to exactly where I blamed Python for anything?

Point addressed above.

>>>>>This
>>>>>stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
>>>>>usually part of the API,
>>>>
>>>>Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
>>>>*All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.
>>>>
>>>
>>>I didn't say attributes weren't objects.
>>
>>Nope, but you constantly bring that false "data/method" dichotomy in
>>your justifications for having badly named a public symbol.
> 
> There is a dichotomy between data and methods. Yes even in Python.

The only dichotomy, from a technical POV, is that methods are callable -
but so are classes, and any object that has a '__call__' attribute that
is itself a callable. The 'dichotomy' here is the same as the dichotomy
between iterable and non iterable objects. Of between file-like and
non-file like objects. IOW, the difference amounts to supported
interface, not to the very nature of the concerned objects.

>>>>>I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
>>>>>philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
>>>>>state their intended purpose.
>>>>
>>>>That's true for each and every name in a program.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>I don't hold data attributes to such
>>>>>standards
>>>>
>>>>Too bad for you.
>>>>
>>>Thank you.
>>
>>For what ? You "don't hold data attributes to such standard". As a
>>consequence (and as a result of not having addressed the problem
>>sooner), you end up fixing 27000 lines of code. Too bad for you then.
>>Some would haved learned from the mistake, which then would have turned
>>into experience. Seems more and more obvious that you prefer to come
>>whining here instead and blaming the language for your own errors. Too
>>bad for you again.
>>
> 
> That's just silly. 

Yes, agreed. My fault. Let's take it back and not start fighting because
of a misunderstanding.

(snip)

>>>>>and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
>>>>>other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
>>>>>attributes are not intended to be APIs,
>>>>
>>>>Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
>>>>underscore).
>>>
>>>I thought that too was unpythonic.
>>
>>It's a well-known convention, as you would have noticed if you had read
>>some existing python code, read PEP8, or just looked/asked for Python
>>naming conventions. FWIW, that's one of the first thing I learned with
>>Python.
>>
> 
> I know. Many people still think the private/public classification is
> unpythonic.

I'd rather say that many people thinks that language-enforced access
restrictors and the "public methods/private data" scheme are unpythonic.
 And that if you're not sure wether a given name should be API or
implementation then make it part of the API - but then choose a
meaningful name for it !-)


>>>>>but eventually become one.
>>>>>After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
>>>>>methods.
>>>>
>>>>Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
>>>>both callable and non-callable attributes.
>>>>
>>>
>>>Or objects have state and behavior. Data attributes represent state and
>>>methods represent behavior.
>>
>>Is a getter "behaviour" ? If yes, how does this differ from public
>>"data" attributes from a semantic POV ?
>> 
> Yes, a getter is a behavior. It instructs the object to perform an
> action. All methods are message channels to an object. 

Ok. Python's name lookup all go thru the __getattribute__ accessor. So
 obj.value
is a synonym for
 obj.__getattribute__('value')

which, according to your definition, is behaviour. Hence, there's *no*
"data attribute" in Python.

> A data attribute
> does not perform any action. It just holds data for an object.

The attribute itself may not perform any action, but looking up the name
is an action.

> Even
> though methods are attributes, attributes aren't necessarily methods.

Indeed.

> This is basic OO, I don't see anything semantically complex about it.

It becomes complex when the languages sees functions as first-order
objects supporting the Callable interfaces and let you define your own
callable objects, and sees attribute-access as call to an hidden (well,
not that much hidden) getter/setter mechanism that one as all lattitude
to customize in many ways. Seeing that way really takes you out of the
Java semantic/mindset (well, at least it did to me, and I guess for at
least a few others).

>>>I'm not new to Python
>>>either.
>>
>>New enough to not understand how Python's object model, semantic and
>>overall philosophy strongly differs from Java/C++.
>>
> 
> This isn't an issue about object models and semantics, this is a
> design/architecture issue with regards to eliminating the chances of
> errors in large source code.

I was talking about the way you IMHO try to force-fit the common
"private data/public method" scheme (and it's associated dichotomy
between data and functions) into Python. Of course callable and
non-callable attributes usually have different usages, but we're really
far from the Java model where's the dichotomy between "data" and "code"
is irremediable.

Now wrt/ your naming problem, I think that you would not have done the
mistake if you had apply has much care to the naming of a non-callable
attribute as you assert (and I don't doubt you on this) you would have
for a callable one. You explain that you failed to do so because of you
viewing "data attributes" (ie non-callable attributes) as fundamentally
different from "methods" (ie callable attributes), so I try to share the
POV that Python is really different here, hoping this will help you
detect similar errors sooner.


>>>>If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
>>>>the bad naming.
>>>
>>>I never intended it to be part of the API.
>>
>>So you should not have used it outside the class.
>>
> The fact that I did, means I should have.

Then if you felt it finally had to be part of the API *and* was badly
named, you should have renamed it immediatly.

But granted, it's easier to say so afterward than to make the right
choice in the moment.

> 
>>>It evolved to be an
>>>important part of the system.
>>
>>Then you had plenty of occasions to address the problem.
>> 
> 
> And how did you come up with that?

By understanding "evolved" as a process (implying a timeline), and
"important part of the system" as widely used.

(snip fighting part)

>>>I only just noticed because I was trying to implement
>>>a plug-in system and I needed to expose an important class. I would not
>>>have considered the issue a problem without this requirement. Except
>>>you are a prophet, you sometimes can't know before hand how certain
>>>classes will end up being used especially if requirements suddenly
>>>change.
>>
>>Yes, that's something I'm well aware of. And that's why I pay attention
>>to naming and to interface/implementation separation.
>>
> 
> Good for you.

That doesn't mean I get it right.

(snip, idem)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From agr at fq.uniovi.es  Tue Jul  4 04:27:04 2006
From: agr at fq.uniovi.es (=?UTF-8?B?w4FuZ2VsIEd1dGnDqXJyZXogUm9kcsOtZ3Vleg==?=)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 10:27:04 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <e8d8fo$1os$1@nntp.aioe.org>

I have one myself (~400 records). it uses the simplest rules, and then trial
and error, but it works so far. 
-- 
?ngel Guti?rrez Rodr?guez - agr at fq.uniovi.es
Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales de Madrid - CSIC
SpLine - European Syncrothorn Radiation Facility - Grenoble - France

Postal adress: Departamento de Qu?mica F?sica y Anal?tica 
Universidad de Oviedo - c/Juli?n Claver?a 8 33006 - Oviedo 
Asturias - Spain
E-mail: agr at fq.uniovi.es Telf.: +34-985103687


From taleinat at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:39:01 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:39:01 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: check type when assignment
References: <1152717310.209736.131020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <loom.20060712T172805-354@post.gmane.org>

pipehappy <pipehappy <at> gmail.com> writes:

> 
> Hello everyone:
> 
> Is there a way to check the type when do assignment?
> 
> if I write:
> ab = bc
> and want to make sure the return value of isinstance(bc, klass) is True
> or I will raise
> a exception.
> 
> Any suggestion?
> 

1. Check your condition before the assignment: (IMO one-liners are over-rated)

if not isinstance(bc, klass):
    raise TypeError # or do whatever else is appropriate
ab = bc

2. If you really insist on doing this in a single statement (in the assignment
itself), write a function for it:

def assert_type(obj, klass):
    if not isinstance(bc, klass):
        raise TypeError
    return obj
ab = assert_type(bc, klass)

Or to be more generic:

def assert_return(obj, func):
    assert func(obj)
    return obj

ab = assert_return(bc, lambda obj:isinstance(obj, klass))

- Tal



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:52:13 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:52:13 -0700
Subject: Full splitting of a file's pathname
In-Reply-To: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152543133.421501.205300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I don't know if it's "standard," but why not just:

dir = './foo/bar/moo/lar/myfile.txt'
dir.split('/')

['.', 'foo', 'bar', 'moo', 'lar', 'myfile.txt']

rd



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Sun Jul  9 14:48:19 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 20:48:19 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneavvo7.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<b800b21h4vlbhpiqri9didndne4p6dgk49@4ax.com>
	<slrneb2aau.r05.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2ac7iobrg.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> When someone gets confused over the difference between rebinding or
>AP> mutating a variable on an intermediate scope, the explanation he
>AP> mostly seems to get boils down to: one is rebinding, the other is
>AP> mutation, this is a fundametal difference in python.

>AP> My impression is that they seem to say that the fundamental difference
>AP> between mutation and rebinding implies the specific behaviour python
>AP> has now. IMO this explanation is incomplete. The python developers
>AP> could have chosen that a line like 'c.a = ...' would have resulted
>AP> in c being included in the local scope. Then rebinding and mutation
>AP> would still be fundamentally different from each other but the specific
>AP> confusion over why 'k[0] = ...' worked as expeced but 'k = ...' didn't,
>AP> will disappear.

That seems nonsense to me. If they had chosen that 'c.a = ...' would imply
that c would become a local variable, what would the value of c have to be
then, if there was no prior direct assignment to c? Would it become a new
binding like in 'c = ...'? From what class should it become an instance? Or
would it become a copy of the value that 'c' has in an outer scope? I don't
know any programming language where an assignment to c.a does create a new
c, rather than modifying the existing value of c. That would have been a
very strange language design. Similarly for 'k[0] = ...'. What would happen
with the other elements of k?

There are no situations in Python where an assignment to c.a or c[0]
suddenly lets spring c into existence. You always need an already existing
binding for c for this to be valid. And it always uses that binding, and
doesn't move or copy it to a different block.

Some of the confusing originates from the fact that assignment in Python is
subtly different from assignment in other programming languages. In most
languages variables denote memory locations or collections of memory
locations. An assignment then means changing the contents of those memory
locations. In python variables are bound to values, and assignment means
(re)binding the name to a possibly different value. With an example: most
other languages have boxes with the name of the variable on them. An
assignment changes the contents of the box. In Python you have values
(objects) and an assignment means sticking a label with the name of the
variable on the object. Often the difference is unnoticable, but there are
subtle cases where this really makes a difference. 

When the lefthandside of an assignment is an object attribute, subscription
or slice then the assignment is syntactic sugar for a mutation operation
implemented by the object, which usually changes the value of the object
but could do something completely different.

(Finally, the lefthandside can also be a [nested] tuple or list, in which
case it is a collection of parallel assignments. And oh yes, there are also
other binding operations e.g. a function or class definition.)
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:52:54 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:52:54 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
In-Reply-To: <e8ag7j$ifq$00$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net><e8ag7j$ifq$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1151920374.392763.158530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Peter Otten wrote:
> Kirk McDonald wrote:
>
> > Let's say I have a function that takes a callback function as a
> > parameter, and uses it to describe an iteration:
> >
> > def func(callback):
> >      for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
> >          callback(i)
> >

Which object is immutable? the callback or the function?  If its the
callback then

def func(callback):
   for i in numbers:
      yield callback(i)

If the function is immutable, then its a bit harder.  The callback has
to be able to do the processing.  You can't use an iterator here
because call stack gets in the way.  You could store the information
being passed to the callback in a list, then iterate over the list
afterwards.  Or you could have the callback be able to handle all of
the work at once.

What do you intend to use this for?  Python has a lot of options and
you may not be using the best one for the problem



From deusfaber at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 02:26:38 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 23:26:38 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbf3d4$0$1000$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<mailman.8278.1153193682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153195209.671767.204200@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pmsob2dj90do8mav4sl5gag0m8kvhau9c0@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153203998.894212.161540@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

That IS brain-crushingly complicated. However, thanks for the insight.
I really appreciate it.


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 17 Jul 2006 21:00:09 -0700, "dfaber" <deusfaber at gmail.com> declaimed
> the following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > Is there no clean method of accessing the keyboard device or the mouse
> > on linux?
> > It seems that looking at /proc/interrupts might prove to be useful for
> > keyboard monitoring. What about checking if the left mouse button is
> > clicked or finding the position of the cursor on the screen?
>
> 	For a GUI application, it probably depends upon the interface
> supplied by that GUI system... So far as I know, all Linux variants are
> using an X-Window clone as the bottom protocol.
>
> 	Problem: X-Window supports remote displays; you'd need a means of
> specifying which display to track (unless you've opened a GUI
> application and that application is asking for positions -- but it may
> not be able to track outside the application window... Sorry to be so
> vague -- I last coded an X interface back in 1990, using xt/DECWindows
> calls; didn't even have a GUI designer available*)
>
> 	I don't think anyone has ported raw X-protocol access to Python.
>
> 	All those "monitoring" operations you are asking for are "events" to
> a windowing environment, and applications have to "register" for the
> events they are interested in seeing.
>
>
>
> *	If working raw xt/DECWindows wasn't bad enough... Add GKS (is that
> still around?) on top of it -- I had a DECWindows UI whose main window
> was a plain drawing region, and GKS was used to handle the underlying
> data. The application was both graphics intensive, and needed a display
> list (in scaleable coordinates to handle window resize) for refresh
> operations; it used a 32 color "data" field, and four or so single color
> "overlays" -- and any one of the five could be enabled/disabled without
> requiring a recomputation of the drawing. This mess was because the
> DECWindows/GKS application was an emulation (at the API level) of a late
> 70s/early 80s RAMTEK graphics engine... The "main" application was
> really something like 50 specialized programs that all "connected" to
> the "graphics engine", drew some data, and exited; allowing other
> programs in the suite to draw on the /same/ window -- which is why the
> need for GKS; refreshes couldn't ask for the source application to
> repaint the screen. {The very oldest version of the software ran on
> PDP-11s, hence the modular programs, the control program would collect
> user data/parameters, write a "common block file" then invoke the needed
> submodule as an overlay.
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul  5 21:29:52 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 18:29:52 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> I wanted to write the following code:
>
> import shelve
> try:
>    db = shelve.open(file, "r")
> except SomeError:
>    print "Oh no, db not found"
>
> Only, I'm not sure what SomeError should be. I tried error,
> anydbm.error, shelve.open.anydb.error, etc. but can't find it. Things
> worked fine with simply except:, but that's not optimal.
>
> Does anyone know either the what the error is or where I can find it
> for certain?
>
> Thanks,
> Martin

What error did you get with just the bare except?

you can find out by saying (for instance):

>>> try:
	1/0
except Exception, err:
	E = err


>>> E
<exceptions.ZeroDivisionError instance at 0xb6efd8cc>


or to get really fancy, use the traceback module

>>> from traceback import format_exc
>>> try:
	1/0
except:
	print format_exc()


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#10>", line 2, in ?
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero



Peace,
~Simon



From i_vincent at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 08:22:55 2006
From: i_vincent at hotmail.com (Ian Vincent)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 13:22:55 +0100
Subject: Jythonc Problem
Message-ID: <Xns97F68A1AC2C5Eivincenthotmailcom@10.15.188.42>

I cannot find a Jython newsgroup, so apologies in advance if this 
question has been posted to the wrong group.

Just written my first Jython program (previously written Python ones) 
and it is working fine in 'interpreted mode'. I now want to compile it 
into Java classes but I get the following error:

Traceback (innermost last):
  File "/usr/share/jython/Tools/jythonc/jythonc.py", line 5, in ?
  File "/usr/share/jython/Tools/jythonc/main.py", line 299, in main
  File "/usr/share/jython/Tools/jythonc/main.py", line 162, in 
getOptions
AttributeError: class 'org.python.modules.os' has no attribute 'path'

Jython version is Jython 2.2a0 installed from the Suse 10.0 rpm
Java version is 1.4.2_06-b03 (possibly also installed from the Suse 10.0 
rpm.

Any help would be appreciated.

Ian


From parker at hiredatum.demon.co.uk  Sun Jul 23 03:28:54 2006
From: parker at hiredatum.demon.co.uk (Ian Parker)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 08:28:54 +0100
Subject: Python proficiency test
References: <4h2wg.31$NX2.28@newsreading01.news.tds.net>
	<44c2c2a7$0$1205$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <mh6YlgB2UywEFwNc@hiredatum.demon.co.uk>

In message <44c2c2a7$0$1205$afc38c87 at news.optusnet.com.au>, Richard 
Jones <richardjones at optushome.com.au> writes
>Kent Johnson wrote:
>> I recently helped create an on-line Python proficiency test. The
>> publisher of the test is looking for beta testers to try the test and
>> give feedback. If you are interested, here is an announcement from the
>> publisher:
>
>Had a look. In between my browser blocking a popup on every page and the
>registration asking far more details that I felt necessary, I stopped
>before looking at the actual test.
>
>
>    Richard
>

Likewise, I wanted to see a sample test (for any subject) but couldn't 
do that without a long-winded registration procedure.

Regards

Ian
-- 
Ian Parker


From Emily.Ecoffe at or.netl.doe.gov  Tue Jul 11 13:57:04 2006
From: Emily.Ecoffe at or.netl.doe.gov (Emily Ecoff)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:57:04 -0400
Subject: help!
Message-ID: <s4b3ae43.023@co.mgn.netl.doe.gov>

Hi all.

I am somewhat new to the python programming language but I'm working on
a python script that will call several csh scripts.  What commands will
I need to do this, if possible?

-Emily



From donn at u.washington.edu  Tue Jul 18 13:07:33 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:07:33 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <donn-E904BF.10073318072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <1153232735.118387.12130 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 "Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> wrote:

> 1. This is fine in a perfect world where all code clearly conforms to
> expectation.  Problem is, a lot doesn't.  I think it's quite easy to
> accidentally check something intended as an iterable for emptiness.
> And, as I've explained in other posts, this can lead to subtle bugs.
> Whereas if you check for emptiness using len, it throws an exception
> right away, no bugs.  It's safer to use len.  (Safest of all is not to
> check for emptiness at all.)

Yes, it's clearly more direct to catch IndexError, than to
try to anticipate it.

   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:54:36 -0700
Subject: UK VISA UK STUDENT VISA UK HSMP VISA Jobs With VISA Sponsorship,
	UK VISA  immigration, UK VISA Sponsorship, UK VISA
Message-ID: <1151934876.328649.73510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

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From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 11:02:49 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 17:02:49 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-27, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>>Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
>>>>>term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
>>>>>now that I know the term)
>>>>
>>>>a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
>>>>a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
>>>>which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
>>>>(like a pointer to an object's address).
>>>
>>>
>>>Wait, I'm not sure I see the difference. Isn't "reference" ~ "C
>>>pointer". 
>>
>>For a very large definition of '~' !-)
>>
>>
>>>Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to
>>>"actual" Python objects? 
>>
>>Exactly.
>>
>>
>>>That idea has been working well for me so far.
>>
>>It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
>>*no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
> 
> 
> That depends on what you want to mean with the term. IMO 'variables'
> in python behave sufficiently similar as in other languages

Which ones ? C ? or Lisp ? Or Haskell ?

> to use
> the term.

IYO.

> 
>>What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
>>names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
>>values.
> 
> 
> That is just an implementation issue. Nothing prevents variables to
> be associated with an index in a list.

Do you understand what "somewhat simplified" means ?

> 
>>So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
>>than a name.
> 
> 
> In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. 

Yes : it holds type and storage class informations too.

> The name is just a way for refering to a memory space which
> will hold something.

The name is a symbolic name for a memory address in which bits will be
stored (and the type information is used to know how to interpret the
bits at this address - I leave storage class problems aside). There's a
direct translation from symbolic name to memory address to bits. Which
is not the case in Python...

> 
>>And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
>>bound to.
> 
> 
> In a language like C, the value '3' doesn't know which variables
> will hold it either.

Indeed. Now could you tell us what was your point, exactly ?


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 30 05:19:13 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-15?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 11:19:13 +0200
Subject: install python on cdrom
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8702.1154190374.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8702.1154190374.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44CC7991.9000002@v.loewis.de>

Fabian Braennstroem schrieb:
> I look for an easy way to use the newest scipy, pyvtk, matplotlib,
> f2py, numpy, paraview/vtk,... on a entreprise redhat machine
> without administration rights.
> My first thought was to install the whole new python system
> on a cdrom/dvd and mounting it, when I need it. Would that
> be the easiest way? I would be glad to read some
> hints about the way doing it... 

If you have a home directory with sufficient disk space, the
easiest way would be to install Python into your home directory,
assuming administrative policy allows such usage of the
home directory.

Regards,
Martin


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 15 03:00:01 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 19:00:01 +1200
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
References: <44B3EE60.7020004@mvista.com>
	<mailman.8060.1152690667.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-148367.19000115072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.8060.1152690667.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:

>If you are seeing alot of error messages you shoudl really redirect the 
>standard error to a file to avoid them cluttering up your console.

Surely a better technique would be to fix the errors causing the 
messages.


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 18:06:21 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:06:21 -0300
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org><e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk><mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org><4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de><slrnebf6vn.muo.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu><4hplsmFo6cjU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1m4u2vgbkkbsr.qtxu2p962cjc.dlg@40tude.net>
	<e98bv0$ev8$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <nt5ddf102hnw.16vb0fc5bbrxb$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-14 12:07:12, Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> umm.  what are we talking about here, really ?

Aha! You took a big load off my chest -- this is pretty much what I thought
should be there :)

What I was talking about is that Diez responded with a clear "no" to my
question whether print would do the automatic encoding conversion
(according to the runtime environment) you showed so succinctly. Which I
found surprising...

Thanks,
Gerhard



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 17:54:43 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:54:43 -0700
Subject: Cyclic class definations
In-Reply-To: <1153249850.937656.86130@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153245079.426949.321780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153249850.937656.86130@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153259683.706399.122770@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the note, Nick.

I ended up with cycles as a historical reason.  Some code that were
written long time ago did not anticipate that part of it will get
sub-classed.

Thanks again.

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> John,
> Cycles are tricky. Python is an interpreted dynamic language, whatever
> object you instantiate in your methods is a different thing than class
> hierarchy. Your class hierarchy is fine: ClassA->ClassASubclass->ClassC
> and it should work.  If it doesn't, create a quick mock example and
> post it along with the error.
>
> In general try to model your problem to avoid cycles if possible, I
> know sometimes they are un-avoidable, but more often then not, they
> are. Python might or might not allow cycles in certain situations
> (packages, imports, class hierarchy and during usage i.e. in your
> semantics) but regardless, if they make your code hard to understand so
> try to not introduce them if possible.
>
> Hope this helps,
> Nick V.
>
>
> John Henry wrote:
> > Hi list,
> >
> > I am trying to understand better Python packaging.  This might be a
> > messed up class hierachy but how would I break this cyclic relatioship?
> >
> > In file A:
> >
> > from B import B_Class
> >
> > Class_A_Main():
> >    def ....
> >    def SomeMethod(self):
> >       res=B_Class(self)
> >
> > Class_A_SubClass(Class_A_Main):
> >    def ...
> >
> >
> > In file B:
> >
> > Class B_Class():
> >    def __init__(self,parent):
> >       ...
> >    def SomeMethod(self):
> >       res=C_Class(self)
> >
> >
> > In file C:
> >
> > from file A import Class_A_SubClass
> >
> > Class C_Class(Class_A_SubClass):
> >    def __init__(self, parent):
> >       ...
> >
> >
> > As you can see, the cyclic relationship exists because C_Class is a
> > sub-class of SubClass which is in turn a sub-class of Class_A_Main and
> > in one of the methods of Class_A, it has a need to create a C_Class
> > object.
> >
> > I tried to merge the files A and C (by placing C_Class behind A_Class)
> > and have the method in A_Class create C_Class directly but that doesn't
> > work because Python says C_Class is not defined when it's processing
> > the A_Class method.   May be somebody can tell me how to "forward
> > declare" a class?
> > 
> > Regards,



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul  4 04:14:11 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (Rony Steelandt)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 10:14:11 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
Message-ID: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi all,

I wonder if somebody had a Sudoko solver written in Python ?

Rony




From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 09:44:22 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:44:22 +0100
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152794721.589796.221210@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8105.1152782354.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152794721.589796.221210@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130644yaa9f0r6de6016be89ed6fa@mail.gmail.com>

On 13 Jul 2006 05:45:21 -0700, John Henry <john106henry at hotmail.com> wrote:
>
> Simon Brunning wrote:
> >
> > min(logflags)
> >
>
> !!!

Be aware that not only is this an outrageous misuse of min(), it's
also almost certainly much less efficient than /F's suggestion, 'cos
it always iterates through the entire list.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 18 11:52:23 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:52:23 +0100
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <12bpvlee2ajsi00@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>	<1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.18.07.27.25.208881@gmx.net>
	<12bpvlee2ajsi00@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <e9j03s$g4n$1@sea.gmane.org>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-18, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <bj_666 at gmx.net> wrote:
> 
>>In <1153198570.592653.203310 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, tac-tics
>>wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Grant Edwards wrote:
>>>
>>>>for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
>>>>
>>>>    if 0 <= i <= 10000:
>>>
>>>I'm assuming you used Python's compound comparison as opposed to the
>>>C-style of and'ing two comparisons together to emphasize the fact it is
>>>god's chosen way of doing this ;-)
>>
>>Pete doesn't like to be called god in public.  ;-)
> 
> 
> Interesting point.  Does the phrase "for pete's sake as god
> intended" equate pete with god?  
> 
> It's possible that pete is not god and yet god's intentions are
> in pete's best interest, so something could be "for pete's
> sake" and "as god intended" without pete being god.
> 
> That said, "for pete's sake" is probably a just an cleaned up
> version of "for god's sake", so I probably did call pete god.
> 
No, actually you called god pete ;-)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 17:37:13 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 14:37:13 -0700
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <1151874624.140313.270010@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <02fe01c69e1f$b06c9a40$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

simon..

you may not.. but lot's of people use python and xpath for html/xml
functionality.. check google "python xpath"...

later..


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Simon Forman
Sent: Sunday, July 02, 2006 2:10 PM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: xpath question


bruce wrote:
> hi
>
> is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
> there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
> references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
> to do it...
>
> i have a situation where i have something like:
>  /html/table/..../[@class='foo']
>
> is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
> attribute with fo....
>
> i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce

I'll take this one...

Dude,  this is a *python* mailing list, not an xml/xpath/regex one.  In
addition, the regex syntax you're using above (~=/fo/) looks like
*perl* code--  but I wouldn't know 'cause I don't use perl myself.

Now it's entirely possible that there are *many* people here that are
xml/xpath/regex Kung Fu Masters,  *and* it's entirely possible that one
or more of them are about to answer your question informatively and in
exhaustive detail.  It's also entirely possible that this is the most
friendly and informative reply that you're going to get, here.


Try a more appropriate newsgroup, and good luck.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From theaney at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 21:29:19 2006
From: theaney at gmail.com (Tim Heaney)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 21:29:19 -0400
Subject: I need some help
References: <1152665371.509962.235710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m3k66j626o.fsf@calvin.watterson>

"dammix" <65danix85 at gmail.com> writes:
>
> I'm completely a newbye, I've started studying python since 3 weeks and
> now I need to write a small program that reads the id3 tags from the
> mp3 contained inside a cd, and then print them into a simple text file,
> I hope it's possible to do this, and I hope you can help me too.

Several different people have written modules to help you read (and
write) ID3 tags.

  http://id3-py.sourceforge.net/
  http://pyid3lib.sourceforge.net/
  http://news.tiker.net/software/tagpy

Pick one you like!

Tim


From invalidemail at aerojockey.com  Wed Jul 12 00:37:46 2006
From: invalidemail at aerojockey.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 21:37:46 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
In-Reply-To: <12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1152679066.198041.97390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-11, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > I'm writing a spider. I have millions of urls in a table (mysql) to
> > check if a url has already been fetched. To check fast, I am
> > considering to add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key,
> > and use the following sql statement:
> >   insert ignore into urls (url, hash) values (newurl, hash_of_newurl)
> > to add new url.
> >
> > I believe this will be faster than making the "url" column unique key
> > and doing string comparation.  Right?
>
> I doubt it will be significantly faster.  Comparing two strings
> and hashing a string are both O(N).

Playing Devil's Advocate: The hash would be a one-time operation during
database insertion, whereas string comparison would happen every
search.  Conceivably, comparing hash strings (which is O(1)) could
result in a big savings compared to comparing regular strings; but I
expect most decent sql implementations already hash data internally, so
rolling your own hash would be useless at best.

If the OP's database is lacking, md5 is probably fine.  Perhaps using a
subset of the md5 (the low 32 bits, say) could speed up comparisons at
risk of more collisions.  Probably a good trade off unless the DB is
humungous.


Carl Banks



From nnorwitz at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 01:39:51 2006
From: nnorwitz at gmail.com (nnorwitz at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jun 2006 22:39:51 -0700
Subject: efficiency question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7650.1151666125.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <6AD91BEE-08AF-446D-AE17-B2FB5532E7FE@math.harvard.edu>
	<mailman.7650.1151666125.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151732391.565423.108370@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
>
> when in doubt, ask the compiler:
>
> def code(x):
>     if x in ("abc", "def", "xyz"):
>         doStuff()
>     elif x in ("pqr", "tuv", "123"):
>         doOtherStuff()
>
> import dis
> dis.dis(code)
>
> prints:
>
>   2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
>               3 LOAD_CONST               7 (('abc', 'def', 'xyz'))
...
>
> so the answer is "yes, in this specific case".

Part of the specific case means it's Python 2.4 or later.  In 2.3 it
looks like this:

  2           0 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (x)
              3 LOAD_CONST               1 ('abc')
              6 LOAD_CONST               2 ('def')
              9 LOAD_CONST               3 ('xyz')
             12 BUILD_TUPLE              3
             15 COMPARE_OP               6 (in)
             18 JUMP_IF_FALSE           11 (to 32)
             21 POP_TOP

so in this case (Python 2.3), the answer is no.

n



From NoSpam at Hccnet.nl  Sat Jul 22 08:47:30 2006
From: NoSpam at Hccnet.nl (Hans)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 14:47:30 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
Message-ID: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>

Hi all,

Is there a way that the program that created and started a thread also stops 
it.
(My usage is a time-out).

E.g.

thread = threading.Thread(target=Loop.testLoop)
thread.start()     # This thread is expected to finish within a second
thread.join(2)    # Or time.sleep(2) ?

if thread.isAlive():
    # thread has probably encountered a problem and hangs
    # What should be here to stop thread  ??????

Note that I don't want to change the target (too much), as many possible 
targets exist,
together thousands of lines of code.

Thanks,
Hans 




From lrahuel.notgood at voila.fr  Fri Jul 28 10:07:17 2006
From: lrahuel.notgood at voila.fr (Laurent Rahuel)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 16:07:17 +0200
Subject: metaclass : parse all class once before doing anything else ?
Message-ID: <44ca19f5$0$878$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi,

I have a much to smart problem for my brain.

Here is the deal :

I got a metaclass named Foo

Then I got two others classes:

class Bar(Foo):
        pass

class Baz(Foo):
        pass

I know how to add some attrs, methods to Bar and Baz when the module is
loaded but I need to do something more :

Before adding anything to these classes, 
1 - I need to parse all defined Foo classes
2 - "sort" them 
3 - parse this sorted list to add attrs and methods.

This seems to be really to clever for me ;-(

Any idea ?

Regards,

Laurent.


From dpickles at pacbell.net  Wed Jul 12 19:45:19 2006
From: dpickles at pacbell.net (dylpkls91)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 16:45:19 -0700
Subject: Execute Commands on Remote Computers over Network
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7610.1151585713.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ldo-DA5762.17143827062006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1151443795.343874.290790@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<ldo-B20EBA.21304029062006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<mailman.7610.1151585713.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152747919.627789.8540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I'm sorry, I should have clarified. I want to execute commands on
networked computers running <i>Windows XP</i>. Thank you for you
concern anyway. Does this mean that the Paramiko module only works on
Unix systems?



From iainking at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:40:49 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:40:49 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153323649.171612.74510@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


daveho... at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>
> supply = supply()
> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
>
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
>
>
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?
>
> Dave

At the top of your code you could put:

supply = None
compressor = None
combuster = None
turbine = None

It might be better, though, to arrange your code like:
supply = Supply()
compressor = Compressor()
combuster = Combuster()
turbine = Turbine()
compressor.setStreams(down=combuster, up=supply)
combuster.setStreams(down=turbine, up=compressor)

Do the streams reflect each other?  That is, if supply.down is
compressor, is compressor.up supply?  In that case you probably want to
do something like:

class Component():

    upstream = None
    downstream = None

    def setUpstream(self, c):
        self.upstream = c
        if c.downstream != self:
            c.setDownstream(self)

    def setDownstream(self, c):
        self.downstream = c
        if c.upstream != self:
            c.setUpstream(self)

class Supply(Component):
    pass

etc.

Iain



From fdjpt29 at ieee.org  Mon Jul 17 16:54:21 2006
From: fdjpt29 at ieee.org (=?iso-8859-1?Q?Felipe_de_Jes=FAs_Pozos_T=E9xon?=)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:54:21 -0700
Subject: Help!
Message-ID: <000001c6a9e3$36e00840$8101a8c0@FDJPTLAPTOP>

Hi, my name?s felipe

 

            I have a problem with python. When I try to connect to
postgresql. It appears a message. 

 

 ]$ python

            >>> from pg import DB

 

                        Traceback (most recent call last):

                           File "<stind>", line 1, sn?

                        ImportError: No module name pg

 

Thanks!

-------------- next part --------------
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From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 14:13:09 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 11:13:09 -0700
Subject: Using python code from Java?
In-Reply-To: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153419189.584183.74730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I can't think of any project that does that. Calling stuff from Java is
not easy to beging with you have to go through the native interface
(JNI) anyway.

I would suggest instead to create some kind of a protocol and let the
applications talk using an external channel (a FIFO pipe file, a socket
or just any network connection.) Usually when you go back and forth
between languages you don't really need a particular class object
(because class objects are quite different between languages) but what
you need is to have data passed back and forth and have both sides
interpret the data and process it. This sort of sounds like a protocol
and it is. Depending on how easy vs. extensible vs. comprehensible your
project is you  could of course use XML RPC but that could get
complicated.

 If you have extra time and desire you can of course contribute and
help bring Jython to 2.3, they can always use some help...

Nick V.


fortepianissimo wrote:
> Is there a solution to enable Java programmers to call functions
> written in Python? Any wrapper generator that wraps Python code into
> some Java-callable form?
>
> I briefly looked at Jython, but if I understand it right, it didn't
> support full power of Python 2.3.x (which I need).
> 
> Any suggestion is welcome!



From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul 24 17:53:54 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:53:54 -0400
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
In-Reply-To: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060724215354.29014.160663816.divmod.quotient.52641@ohm>

On 24 Jul 2006 14:45:25 -0700, xan2 at ono.com wrote:
>Hi,
>
>I'm new in python. I know that there are several classes for writing
>dns servers, but I don't understand it
>
>I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
>minimal authoritative dns server. I would like that anyone show me the
>code, minimal, for learn how expand it.
>
>The code I desireed should do the following:
>
>1) It has an hash:
>hosts = { "myhost"   => 84.34.56.67
>                "localhost" => 127.0.0.1,
>                "blue"  => fe80::20f:b0ff:fef2:f106
>         }
>2) If any application asks if know any hosts, say nothing if this host
>is not in the hash (hosts). If this host is in the hash, return the ip
>3) And not do anything more
>
>So if we put this server in /etc/resolv.conf then the browsers only
>recognize the hosts we want

Twisted includes a DNS server which is trivially configurable to perform
this task.  Take a look.

  http://twistedmatrix.com/
  http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/names/documentation/howto/names.html

Jean-Paul


From http  Mon Jul 31 06:46:13 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 03:46:13 -0700
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<7xd5bmul93.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44cddbf8$0$30136$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <7x4pwy9hmy.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> writes:
> Too much useless lookup IMHO...

Actually, you, me, and Amit all mis-read David's original exapmle.
What he really wanted was (let's see if I get it right this time):

   if mykey in mydict:
      v = mydict[mykey]
      if not isinstance(v, list):
         v = [v]
      for val in v: ...


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 08:38:17 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:38:17 +0200
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr><1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com><44b62e06$0$11781$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152793749.585858.218380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95ers$fjf$1@sea.gmane.org>

simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:

> So I instantiate a Model object that handles all IO to the database.
> Next I instantiate a Controller object, passing it a reference to the
> Data/IO model object. Next I instantiate the display panel objects for
> the GUI, passing them references to the Controller object.
>
> The Controller object contains the logic for all the transformations I
> want to perform on the data.

sounds reasonable.

note that for simple applications, you can put the controller logic in the Model
object, and let the UI call the relevant methods directly.  however, putting con-
troller logic in the UI code is almost never a good idea.

or in other words, if "do_update" is an UI callback that's called when the user
clicks "Update" in your UI, doing

    def do_update(self):
        self.controller.update()

or

    def do_update(self):
        self.model.update()

is perfectly okay, but

    def do_update(self):
        sum = 0
        for record in self.model.select(...):
            sum = some operation
        self.model.update(...)

isn't a good idea.

</F> 





From xan2 at ono.com  Mon Jul 24 17:45:25 2006
From: xan2 at ono.com (xan2 at ono.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 14:45:25 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
Message-ID: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I'm new in python. I know that there are several classes for writing
dns servers, but I don't understand it

I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
minimal authoritative dns server. I would like that anyone show me the
code, minimal, for learn how expand it.

The code I desireed should do the following:

1) It has an hash:
hosts = { "myhost"   => 84.34.56.67
                "localhost" => 127.0.0.1,
                "blue"  => fe80::20f:b0ff:fef2:f106
         }
2) If any application asks if know any hosts, say nothing if this host
is not in the hash (hosts). If this host is in the hash, return the ip
3) And not do anything more

So if we put this server in /etc/resolv.conf then the browsers only
recognize the hosts we want

Thanks in advance,
Xan.

PS: For personal communication, DXpublica @@@@@ telefonica.net



From skip at pobox.com  Mon Jul 17 16:16:18 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:16:18 -0500
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <17595.61458.251010.593086@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Diez> You could use the /dev/input/event* devices.

On the only Linux system I have available (Mojam's CentOS-based web server),
/dev/input/* are readable only by root.  That doesn't seem like it would be
very useful to tools like watch unless they were to run suid to root
(creating other problems).

As the author of watch, I'm more than happy to incorporate "drivers" from
other people into the code, however, I have very little access to Linux
these days (and none on the desktop) and no Windows access.

Skip


From olsongt at verizon.net  Fri Jul 14 11:23:47 2006
From: olsongt at verizon.net (olsongt at verizon.net)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:23:47 -0700
Subject: attaching debugger to runinng python program
In-Reply-To: <B5WdnZKhYbv-HCrZnZ2dnUVZ_r-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152853351.290092.227430@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<B5WdnZKhYbv-HCrZnZ2dnUVZ_r-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152890627.311512.134820@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


alf wrote:
> Bill Pursell wrote:
> > Now, in another shell,
> > % gdb
> > (gdb) attach 54321
> >
>
> Thx for the reply. But I wish to debug the python program, not python
> interpreter itself.

I haven't used this, but it looks like it's worth a try:

http://hapdebugger.sourceforge.net/



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 06:42:51 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:42:51 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>

S?bastien Boisg?rault wrote:

> Could anyone explain me how the python string "?" is mapped to
> the binary code "\xe9" in my python interpreter ?

in the iso-8859-1 character set, the character ? is represented by the code
0xE9 (233 in decimal).  there's no mapping going on here; there's only one
character in the string.  how it appears on your screen depends on how you
print it, and what encoding your terminal is using.

>>> s = "?"
>>> len(s)
1
>>> ord(s)
233
>>> hex(ord(s))
'0xe9'
>>> s
'\xe9'
>>> print repr(s)
'\xe9'
>>> print s
?
>>> print chr(233)
?

</F> 





From belred at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 22:50:30 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:50:30 -0700
Subject: Any pyChart experts lend a hand?
In-Reply-To: <1153150518.048396.225570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153150518.048396.225570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9hi5t$4nf$1@sea.gmane.org>

john.mcginnis at comcast.net wrote:
> Code
> ----------------------------------------------------
> from pychart import *
> import sys
> theme.get_options()
> 
> theme.use_color = True
> theme.output_format="png"
> theme.output_file="C:\Comp\graphic\pic1.png"
> theme.reinitialize()
> 
> data = [("foo", 10),("bar", 20), ("baz", 30), ("ao", 40)]
> 
> ar = area.T(size=(300,300), legend=legend.T(),
>             x_grid_style = None, y_grid_style = None)
> 
> plot = pie_plot.T(data=data, arc_offsets=[0,10,0,10],
>                   shadow = (2, -2, fill_style.gray50),
>                   label_offset = 25,
>                   arrow_style = arrow.a3)
> ar.add_plot(plot)
> ar.draw()
> 

i've been playing with pychart for exactly 5 minutes just before i read your 
post, so i doubt that makes me an expert, but i did your code to work by 
changing your code to this:


from pychart import *
import sys
theme.get_options()

theme.use_color = True

can = canvas.init('pic1.png')

data = [("foo", 10),("bar", 20), ("baz", 30), ("ao", 40)]

ar = area.T(size=(300,300), legend=legend.T(),
             x_grid_style = None, y_grid_style = None)

plot = pie_plot.T(data=data, arc_offsets=[0,10,0,10],
                   shadow = (2, -2, fill_style.gray50),
                   label_offset = 25,
                   arrow_style = arrow.a3)
ar.add_plot(plot)
ar.draw()



bryan



From aleax at mac.com  Fri Jul 21 01:30:18 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 22:30:18 -0700
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hisp5m.1v03d531bgoa8jN%aleax@mac.com>

danielx <danielwong at berkeley.edu> wrote:

> > ...and source code...
> 
> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?

<http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.htm>


Alex


From robin at NOSPAMreportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 17:24:09 2006
From: robin at NOSPAMreportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 21:24:09 +0000
Subject: Python-2.5beta1 crash
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7990.1152554009.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44B26892.9090508@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>
	<mailman.7990.1152554009.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44B2C579.70400@jessikat.plus.net>

Terry Reedy wrote:
.....
> Your choice, of course, but if the import succeeded, I personally would 
> have runAll verbosely print testfile names before running them and then do 
> a binary or trinary search to pin down the offending statement.

good points and a good idea. I'll try and pin down first the test file 
and then the statement; then try and figure out whether it's worth doing 
a debug build.
-- 
Robin Becker


From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 08:39:38 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:39:38 +0100 (BST)
Subject: Python linker
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

 <byteschreck at googlemail.com> wrote:
>I love python - I use it as a utility language to complement my C#
>programming every day. However, the reason I do not use it as my
>primary language is - surprise, surprise - not its lack of static type
>checking, but the size of standalone executes  (which embed the python
>runtime).

Er, what? How are you generating your standalone executables? What
size is "acceptable"? python24.dll is only 1.8M -- surely on any
non-embedded platform these days 1.8M isn't worth bothering about.
And since you mention wx (all of another 4.8M) I'd guess we're
talking about desktop applications. Who's going to notice if your
executable is a couple of M slimmer?

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 10 09:23:56 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 13:23:56 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-10, Jim Segrave <jes at nl.demon.net> wrote:
> In article <slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be>,
> Antoon Pardon  <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote:
>>On 2006-07-09, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
>>> Frank Millman wrote:
>>>
>>>> So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
>>>> creates a new list.
>>>
>>> objects can override the += operator (by defining the __iadd__ method), 
>>> and the list type maps __iadd__ to extend.  other containers may treat 
>>> += differently, but in-place behaviour is recommended by the language
>>> reference:
>>>
>>>    An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
>>>    x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect.  In
>>>    the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible,
>>>    the actual operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than
>>>    creating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object
>>>    is modified instead.
>>
>>What does it mean that x is only evaluated once.  I have an avltree module,
>>with an interface much like a directory.  So I added print statements to
>>__setitem__ and __getitem__ and then tried the following code.
>>
>>>>> from avltree import Tree
>>>>> t=Tree()
>>>>> t['a'] = 1
>>__setitem__, key = a
>>>>> t['a']
>>__getitem__, key = a
>>1
>>>>> t['a'] = t['a'] + 1
>>__getitem__, key = a
>>__setitem__, key = a
>>>>> t['a'] += 1
>>__getitem__, key = a
>>__setitem__, key = a
>>>>> t['b'] = []
>>__setitem__, key = b
>>>>> t['b'] = t['b'] + [1]
>>__getitem__, key = b
>>__setitem__, key = b
>>>>> t['b'] += [2]
>>__getitem__, key = b
>>__setitem__, key = b
>>
>>So to me it seems that when we substitute t['a'] or t['b'] for x,
>>x is evaluated twice with the augmented version, just like it
>>is with the not augmented version.
>
> $ cat x.py
>
> def getindex(ind = 0):
>     print 'getindex() called'
>     return ind
>
> a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> a[getindex(0)] = a[getindex(0)] + 17
> print a
> a[getindex(1)] += 22
> print a
>
> $ python x.py
> getindex() called
> getindex() called
> [17, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> getindex() called
> [17, 23, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>
> In this case, getindex() is a rather pointless function, but it could
> be an expensive one or one with side effects or even one which alters
> state, so that it gives different values on subsequent calls with the
> same argument.
>
> The += version finds the object to be operated upon once, the expanded
> version does it twice.

I disagree. The += version only evaluates the index once, but still has
to find the object twice.

Let us start with the following:

t['b'] = []

Now with x being evaluated once, I would expect that

  t[getindex('b')] += [1]

would be equivallent to:

  _key = getindex('b')
  _lst = t[_key]
  _lst += [1]

And not to the following:

  _key = getindex('b')
  _lst = t[_key]
  _lst += [1]
   t[_key] =  _lst


But as far as I can interpret what is happening from the printed lines
the second is happening and not the first. So in this example some
optimisation has happened, by calculating the key only once, but
the search for the object using that precalculated key happens twice,
once with __getitem__ and once with __setitem__.

>>> t['b'] = []
__setitem__, key = b
>>> t[getindex('b')] += [1]
getindex() called
__getitem__, key = b
__setitem__, key = b

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From roy at panix.com  Sat Jul  1 23:43:23 2006
From: roy at panix.com (Roy Smith)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 23:43:23 -0400
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1151787906.034306.266580@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <roy-BBE733.23432201072006@reader2.panix.com>

"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> wrote:
> But there is a side note:  old code that assumed a particular ordering 
> of the keys or values is broken anyway.

>From a testing point of view, it would be interesting if there was a flag 
which said, "Deliberately change everything which isn't guaranteed to be a 
specific way".  So, for example, dict.keys() would return a list in reverse 
order of how it normally does it (even if it cost more to do it that way).  
An alternate hash key generator would be slipped into place.  Floating 
point math would get a little noise added to the least significant bits.  
And so on.  Might be interesting to see what sorts of bugs that would shake 
out from user code.


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 31 18:20:00 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 00:20:00 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8748.1154376811.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8748.1154376811.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44ce8022$0$680$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-31 15:00:15, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>In fact, the real question IMHO is: what would MySQL advantage over
>>PostgreSQL be ?-) 
> 
> 
> A few years ago I did some research, and the result was that while
> PostgreSQL was claimed to have more features and a better design, the
> reports of database corruption seemed to have been more frequent than with
> MySQL. The usual reason given was that MySQL was more mature.
 >
> I assume you don't agree... :)

I obviously don't, based on experience with both.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 13:43:34 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 18:43:34 +0100
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <e9gi87$39t$2@sea.gmane.org>

Fabian Steiner wrote:
> Hello!
> 
> I have got a Python "Device" Object which has got a attribute (list) 
> called children which my contain several other "Device" objects. I 
> implemented it this way in order to achieve a kind of parent/child 
> relationship.
> 
> Now I would like to get all children of a given "Device" object and 
> thought that it would be the best way to use recursive function.
> 
> This is what I got so far:
> 
>      def getAllChildren(self, children=[]):
>          if self.children:
>              children.extend(self.children)
>              for child in self.children:
>                  child.getAllChildren(children)
>          return children
> 
> Unfortunately, it doesn't work like expected since the default parameter 
> children=[] is evaluated only once. That's why the children list becomes 
> larger and larger after calling the method several times but I can't 
> think of another possibility.
> 
> Do you have any ideas?

This is a standard question, and has a standard answer: replace

       def getAllChildren(self, children=[]):

with

       def getAllChildren(self, children=None):
           if children is None:
               children = []

That way a new empty list is created for each call that receives no 
"children" argument. Otherwise the same (once-empty) list is used for 
them all.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU  Wed Jul 19 14:59:06 2006
From: Michael.J.Fromberger at Clothing.Dartmouth.EDU (Michael J. Fromberger)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:59:06 -0400
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
	<1153284730.469989.18360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Michael.J.Fromberger-ECE4CD.14590619072006@localhost>

In article <1153284730.469989.18360 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
 "Michele Simionato" <michele.simionato at gmail.com> wrote:

> Michael J. Fromberger ha scritto:
> 
> > Consider the following class hierarchy in Python:
> > <snip>
> 
> > Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked
> > (**) above?
> >
> > Curious,
> > -M
> >
> > --
> > Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
> > http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
> 
> Look at
> http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro

Hi, Michele,

I understand what Python's method resolution order is, and how it is 
constructed.  Is there something else in that article, that you hoped 
would address my original concern?  In particular, I am not asking WHY 
super(A, self).__init()__ yields the next method in order -- that is 
quite clear.  Rather, I want to know if there is a better way to invoke 
the ancestry of class E from D, than to explicitly denote the ancestry 
of C in the code.  The latter is an ugly violation of abstraction, and 
renders the class hierarchy brittle.

Of course, I could just bypass super, and explicitly invoke them as:

  C.__init__(self, ...)
  D.__init__(self, ...)

... but that seems to me to defeat the purpose of having super in the 
first place.

It seems as if perhaps there is no better solution at present.  That is 
a pity, albeit a mild one.  Thank you for taking the time to respond.

-M

-- 
Michael J. Fromberger             | Lecturer, Dept. of Computer Science
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sting/  | Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA


From brad at stop.mail-abuse.org  Tue Jul  4 17:33:24 2006
From: brad at stop.mail-abuse.org (Brad Knowles)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 17:33:24 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>

Ethan said:

> In the interest of not reinventing the wheel, I'm looking for existing
> python (or other!) code that does the things I need. I'm also putting
> out a call for anybody who likes this sort of thing to help me out (see
> below).

Don't ignore non-Python solutions.  In particular, you should take a close
look at what Richard Barrett is doing with his ht:dig patch for the
current versions of Mailman.  At the very least, this is what most Mailman
administrators are likely to expect, and you should have some idea of what
they're going to be looking for before you throw something totally new and
unfamiliar at them.

> * mbox thread indexing on messages
>
> I plan on using [2] to generate mbox thread indexes for rapid navigation
> of lists. Any suggestions for more robust variants would be welcome;
> feedback on how to handle threading for message-id-less messages would
> also be welcome.

All messages should have message-ids -- this is one of the most basic
requirements of the Internet e-mail related RFCs.  If nothing else, the
local MTA on the Mailman server should have provided a message-id.

That said, if you still don't find one, then I think you should select a
suitable method for generating them (take a look at the code in postfix or
sendmail), and then apply that.

> * full-text indexing
>
> pylucene seems to be the obvious choice; anything else I should
> consider? Anyone know of good pylucene/web UI glue code out there?

Again, I urge you to look at the existing ht:dig stuff.  For that matter,
you should probably also look at mail-archive.com and other similar sites
to see what they've got and make sure that you either fully implement all
the same features (in a way that makes sense), or that you know which
features you're not going to implement and why.

It all comes down to knowing what the expectations are for people who are
going to be administering and using Mailman, and then being able to manage
those expectations with regards to what you're doing.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad at stop.mail-abuse.org>

"Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little
temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."

     -- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), reply of the Pennsylvania
     Assembly to the Governor, November 11, 1755

  LOPSA member since December 2005.  See <http://www.lopsa.org/>.


From roy at panix.com  Tue Jul 11 08:14:11 2006
From: roy at panix.com (Roy Smith)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 08:14:11 -0400
Subject: Best command for running shell command
References: <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530@News.Individual.DE>
Message-ID: <roy-3F8064.08141111072006@reader2.panix.com>

In article <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530 at News.Individual.DE>,
 Donald Duck <bluejump at mac.com> wrote:

> I'm a little bit confused about what is the best way to run a shell command, 
> if I want to run a command like
> 
> 			xxxxxx -a -b > yyyyyy
> 
> where I'm not interested in the output, I only want to make sure that the 
> command was executed OK. How should I invoke this (in a Unix/linux 
> environment)?

The most straight-forward way would be:

import os
status = os.system ("xxxxxx -a -b > yyyyyy")
if status == 0:
   print "it worked"
else:
   print "it failed"

You might also want to look at the new (in 2.4) subprocess module.


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 18:29:57 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:29:57 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> John Machin wrote:
>>
>> > Philippe Martin wrote:
>> >> Hi,
>> >>
>> >> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
>> >
>> > Such as what?
>> >
>> >>
>> >> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> >> embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> >> python library.
>> >>
>> >> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
>> >
>> > Does it??? How do you represent the decimal number 12349678, then?
>> >
>> >> l2 = func (l1)
>> >> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>> >>
>> >
>> > I'm sorry, but very little of that makes any sense to me:
>> >
>> > 1. I thought BCD meant something very much like this:
>> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal
>> >
>> > 2. >>> [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>> > [1, 2, 13, 6, 8, 7]
>> >
>> > So [1], [2], [6] are unchanged, [3, 4] -> [13] (or maybe [3, 4, 5] ->
>> > 13),  and [7, 8] -> [8,7].
>> >
>> > I doubt very much that there's an algorithm to do that. What is the
>> > relationship between 1234(maybe 5)678 and 0x12D687??? I would expect
>> > something like this::
>> >
>> >     0x12345678 (stored in 4 bytes 0x12, ..., 0x78)  -- or 0x21436587
>> > or
>> >     0x012345678s (where s is a "sign" nibble; stored in 5 bytes 0x01,
>> > ..., 0x8s)
>> >
>> > IOW something regular and explicable ...
>> >
>> > 3. Perhaps it might be a good idea if you told us what the *real*
>> > problem is, including *exact* quotes from the manual for the embedded
>> > system. You evidently need/want to convert from one representation of
>> > signed? unsigned? integers to another. Once we all understand *what*
>> > those representations are, *then* we can undoubtedly help you with
>> > pseudocode in the form of Python code manipulating lists or whatever.
>> >
>> > Cheers,
>> > John
>>
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> From my answer to Marc:
>>
>> >My apologies, I clearly made a mistake with my calculator, yes the
>> >resulting
>> >array I would need is [0xb,0xc,0x6,0x1,0x4,0xe]
>>
> 
> "Clearly"? I don't think that word means what you think it means :-)
> 
> All you need is something like the following. You will need to use
> "long" if the C "int" is only 16 bits.
> 
> C:\junk>type bcd.py
> def reconstitute_int(alist):
>     reg = 0 # reg needs to be 32-bits (or more)
>     for digit in alist:
>         assert 0 <= digit <= 9
>         reg = reg * 10 + digit
>     return reg
> 
> def make_hex(anint):
>     # anint needs to be 32-bits (or more)
>     result = []
>     while anint:
>         result.append(anint & 0xF)
>         anint >>= 4
>     return result
> 
> def reverse_list(alist):
>     n = len(alist)
>     for i in xrange(n >> 1):
>         reg1 = alist[n - 1 - i]
>         reg2 = alist[i]
>         alist[i] = reg1
>         alist[n - 1 - i] = reg2
> 
> C:\junk>
> C:\junk>python
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>> import bcd
>>>> num = bcd.reconstitute_int([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>>> num
> 12345678
>>>> result = bcd.make_hex(num)
>>>> result
> [14, 4, 1, 6, 12, 11]
>>>> bcd.reverse_list(result)
>>>> result
> [11, 12, 6, 1, 4, 14]
>>>> ['0x%x' % digit for digit in result]
> ['0xb', '0xc', '0x6', '0x1', '0x4', '0xe']
>>>> ^Z
> 
> HTH,
> John

Thanks John, I do not have a long available on the device: stuck with 16
bits.

Regards,

Philippe





From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 04:51:35 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 03:51:35 -0500
Subject: concatenate Numeric
In-Reply-To: <1152520465.204618.320850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152455371.366641.29520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.7948.1152477262.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152520465.204618.320850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8t4eh$3md$1@sea.gmane.org>

Sheldon wrote:
> Thanks again for showing me this. I have been trying to read up on
> reduce() as I have never used it before. I would like to know what it
> does. So far my search has found nothing that I can grasp. The
> reference library notes are estoteric at best.
> Can you enlighten me on this matter?'

The .reduce() method on ufuncs works pretty much like the reduce() builtin 
function. It applies the binary ufunc along the given axis of the array (the 
first one by default) cumulatively.

   a = [3, 2, 1, 0]
   minimum.reduce(a) == minimum(minimum(minimum(a[0], a[1]), a[2]), a[3])

I will note, in the form of enticement to get you to try the currently active 
array package instead of Numeric, that in numpy, arrays have methods to do 
minimums and maximum rather more conveniently.

 >>> import numpy as N
 >>> a = N.rand(3, 5)
 >>> a
array([[ 0.49892358,  0.11931907,  0.37146848,  0.07494308,  0.91973863],
        [ 0.92049698,  0.35016683,  0.01711571,  0.59542456,  0.49897077],
        [ 0.57449315,  0.99592033,  0.20549262,  0.25135288,  0.04111402]])
 >>> a.min()
0.017115711878847639
 >>> a.min(axis=0)
array([ 0.49892358,  0.11931907,  0.01711571,  0.07494308,  0.04111402])
 >>> a.min(axis=1)
array([ 0.07494308,  0.01711571,  0.04111402])

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 17 14:01:15 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:01:15 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

hey there, i have a question about this solution.
if i have a
message = socket.recv()
in the script, and the socket connection drops, will the
socket.recv() just wait forever for something to come across
the internet port? or will it know if the connection is dropped?
thanks.
-sk


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-17, Cameron Laird <claird at lairds.us> wrote:
>
> >>> works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection. so,
> >>> what i need is something that will let me know if the
> >>> connection is still ok, if not will reconnect.
> >>
> >>If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
> >>socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
> >>socket will raise an exception.
> >>
> >>> what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain
> >>> port one at a time, that i could use a try-except to connect
> >>> every time, if it could not connect (because it already is)
> >>> then i would just continue on. But if it is not connected, it
> >>> would reconnect. that is what brings me here. Seems like it
> >>> would work, but is there a better way?
> >>
> >>I don't see why the normal send() and recv() semantics aren't
> >>sufficient.
> > 			.
> > 			.
> > 			.
> > Often normal send() and recv() semantics have been mistaught.
> > An alert alien, looking at other common APIs in isolation,
> > might reasonably wonder whether there is some sort of
> > still_ok_to_use() sort of check as part of TCP.  As it happens,
> > of course, that doesn't fit with the rest of socket networking,
> > which takes the "modernist" approach of trying send() or recv(),
> > and reporting any exception.
>
> On most Unices there are some obscure API features that can be
> used to generate a SIGPIPE under some vaguely specified error
> conditions (e.g. TCP keepalive timeout).  I've only read about
> them and never tried to use them, since I couldn't see anything
> in the description of the features that was any benefit over
> the nomral send() and recv() usage.
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Xerox your lunch
>                                   at               and file it under "sex
>                                visi.com            offenders"!



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 11:54:49 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 17:54:49 +0200
Subject: class members vs instance members
In-Reply-To: <1152459349.575874.132830@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152459349.575874.132830@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b12581$0$30299$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

hdixon a ?crit :
> Ive spent a few days going thru a couple of Python tutorials. No
> problem until I got to classes. I guess my java mindset is blocking my
> vision. 

Then http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html

> I've borrowed another thread's code snippet and cannot explain
> the results:
> class MyClass:

  class MyClass(object):

>     list = []

This may not be too harmful in the given context, nut shadowing builtin 
types may not be a good idea.

>     myvar = 10
> 
>     def add(self, x):
>         self.list.append(x)

"list" is a class attribute. It's shared by all instances of MyClass. 
This is a FAQ AFAICT.

>         self.myvar = x

This creates an instance attribute named myvar that shadows the class 
attribute of the same name

(snip expected results)

> WHY do the "class members" list and myvar seem to behave differently?

cf above. And notice that in Python, binding (aka 'assignement') and 
name lookup on objects are different beasts. There have been quite a few 
threads about this recently.

> Given the way that list[] is supposedly shared why doesnt myvar exhibit
> the same behavior? 

Because binding to self.myvar creates the instance attribute "myvar". 
Notice that you have not rebound "list".

> It seems that myvar is acting like a true "instance
> member".

It is one.

> Is this simply because of the underlying types?

Nope, it's because in the first case (MyClass.list, accessed as 
self.list) you just call methods on the list object, which has no effect 
on the binding.


From edcdave at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 14:23:02 2006
From: edcdave at gmail.com (edcdave at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 11:23:02 -0700
Subject: getaddrinfo not found on SCO OpenServer 5.0.5
In-Reply-To: <44c30496$0$10152$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
References: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c30496$0$10152$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1153678982.246473.127970@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> edcdave at gmail.com wrote:
> > 1) I've seen mention of native vs. Python getaddrinfo implementations.
> > If that's true, how can I force the program to use the Python one?
> >
> > 2) Is there an option to not use the BSD Library function?
> >
> > 3) Finally, is there a trick to searching for shared libaries?
>
> There is an autoconf test to determine whether getaddrinfo is
> available on the system. You should study that test to find out
> why it thinks the function is available when it is actually not.
> If you can't do that, you can manually edit pyconfig.h to
> change the outcome of configure.
>
> Regards,
> Martin

Thank you for the suggestion. I will try it July 24 when I am back in
the office.

I've dug into it further and, on the surface, it appears that IPv6 was
identified as available when the binary was built for OSR 5. IPv6 is
not available for OSR5, so the binary was built on OSR 6 and
mislabeled, or the autoconf test failed.

Thanks again, Martin, for the relevant reply,
Dave Harris



From andrea.valle at unito.it  Sun Jul  9 08:50:44 2006
From: andrea.valle at unito.it (andrea valle)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 14:50:44 +0200
Subject: scheduling accuracy for audio
Message-ID: <365fcbee22f5885a5131e55c651de313@unito.it>

Dear all,

I have created a large Python-based GUI project and I'd like to use it 
as a GUI interface for real time audio sequencing (using the 
SuperCollider -SC- synthesis server).
Python (the client) and SC (the server) can communicate via OSC 
protocol (there are available implementations). SC will generate events 
responding to Python messages.

In order to have sequencing I have to send at precise timing messages 
from Python to SC. Obviously, being a musical application, I need 
millisecond time accuracy, with less latency as possible or at least a 
fixed (short) latency. More, I need to have multithreading, with many 
processes sending messages from Python to SC.

I know that I can create a similar architecture in Python with sched 
and time modules, using scheduler class and .sleep method. But I was 
wondering: how precise will be timing?
Is .sleep suitable for audio/music.


Any hints?

Thanks a lot

Best

-a-



Andrea Valle
DAMS - Facolt? di Scienze della Formazione
Universit? degli Studi di Torino
http://www.semiotiche.it/andrea
andrea.valle at unito.it



From nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 18:50:47 2006
From: nyamatongwe+thunder at gmail.com (Neil Hodgson)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:50:47 GMT
Subject: Intermittent "permission denied" errors when using os.rename
	and a recently deleted path??
In-Reply-To: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <blSxg.1247$rP1.203@news-server.bigpond.net.au>

Russell Warren:

> I've been having a hard time tracking down a very intermittent problem
> where I get a "permission denied" error when trying to rename a file to
> something that has just been deleted (on win32).

    Are you running a background file accessing tool like Google Desktop 
Search or an anti-virus application? If so, try turning them off as a test.

    Neil


From jjl at pobox.com  Wed Jul 26 18:58:22 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 22:58:22 GMT
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1vbna3ebx9uw8.1gqdzi0cqbcv$.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <873bconfch.fsf@pobox.com>

Jaroslaw Zabiello <hipertracker at gmail.com> writes:

> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:23:21 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
> > Another reason for me not to use Ruby, is that there is no distinction
> > between those two lines of code:
> > 
> > x = somefunc
> > x = somefunc()
> 
> It has no meaning. Just use always () if you like. But sometimes it is
[...]

Well... has no meaning *in Ruby*, yes.  You're begging the question!

(The implied question being "*Should* it have meaning?")

There is a reasonable argument for assigning different meanings to foo
and foo(), as I'm sure you know: regardless of syntax, there is a
distinction to be made between calling a function and referring to it
(e.g. to keep a reference to the function for later use as a
callback).  I guess Ruby uses code blocks for that purpose?  Seems
there are swings and roundabouts.

http://blog.ianbicking.org/ruby-python-power.html#ruby-blocks


John


From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 17 08:59:29 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:59:29 +0000
Subject: Embedding exe file
References: <1153069012.619772.325170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bab312$0$857$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<1153135006.269630.268450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <h6eso3-0bj.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153135006.269630.268450 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Bayazee <bayazee at gmail.com> wrote:
>hi,ThanX
>but i dont want to save the exe file in temp file and run it . i want
>to run it directly from python . maybe such this :
>exec("file("test.exe","rw").read())")
>i want write a cd lock with python tp protect an binary file . and so i
>dont want save it in other temp file fom max security ....
			.
			.
			.
There's no easy way.  You can't have it.

That's the short answer.  There are messy alternatives specific
to a particular flavor of Windows that *should* make something
like you want barely feasible.  I've never felt enough motiva-
tion to make one of them work.  In general, though, Windows
insists on executing files in the real filesystem, thus forcing
you to rely on a temporary.


From circa4780 at hotmail.com  Sun Jul  9 19:15:33 2006
From: circa4780 at hotmail.com (PapaRandy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 16:15:33 -0700
Subject: Validating Python - need doctype HTML strict
Message-ID: <1152486933.692370.29190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Hello,

I am trying to validate the following .py webpage as HTML (through
W3C).

I put:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

print "Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8"

import time

print

print """<html><head>

<title>Current Time</title>

</head> <body>

<h1>Current Time</h1>"""

print "<p>Right now, it is "

print "<strong>", time.asctime(), "</strong></p>"

print "</body></html>"

---------------------------------------------------

However, the .py page should also be valid (X)HTML - it needs a
doctype...

When I add the doctype, and other necessities to the .py page

(i.e., <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"" xml:lang="en" lang="en">)

I get an invalid script error.

Can anyone help me to get the XHTML doctype to validate and execute on
Python web page?

Thank you!



From madpython at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 12:13:18 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 09:13:18 -0700
Subject: Tkinter and dialogs
References: <44ac4a4c$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <1152375198.126516.298720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

dwelch91 wrote:
> I'm trying unsuccessfully to do something in Tk that I though would be
> easy.
It is easy.
> The basic idea is that my application will consist of a series of modal
> dialogs, that are chained together in "wizard" fashion.
Didn't have time to get into the code you posted. Just think that the
solution I use might be of some help.

#!/usr/bin/env python
import Tkinter
class PrevNextPane(Tkinter.Frame):
    def __init__(self,master):
        self.master=master
        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self,master)

self.prvBtn=Tkinter.Button(self,text="Prev",command=self.do_prev).grid(row=0,column=0)

self.nxtBtn=Tkinter.Button(self,text="Next",command=self.do_next).grid(row=0,column=1)
    def do_next(self):
        self.master.paneNumber+=1
        self.master.displayPane()

    def do_prev(self):
        self.master.paneNumber-=1
        self.master.displayPane()

class Pane0(Tkinter.Frame):
    def __init__(self,master):
        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self,master)
        for i in range(5):
            Tkinter.Entry(self).grid(row=i,column=0)

class Pane1(Tkinter.Frame):
    def __init__(self,master):
        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self,master)
        for i in range(5):
            Tkinter.Label(self,text="Label %s"% i).grid(row=i,column=0)

class Pane2(Tkinter.Frame):
    def __init__(self,master):
        Tkinter.Frame.__init__(self,master)
        for i in range(5):
            Tkinter.Button(self,text="BtnPane2-%s"%
i).grid(row=i,column=0)

class Wizard(Tkinter.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        Tkinter.Tk.__init__(self)
        self.topPane=None
        self.prevNextPane=PrevNextPane(self).pack(side=Tkinter.BOTTOM)
        self.paneNumber=0
        self.displayPane()
    def displayPane(self):
        if self.topPane!=None:
            self.topPane.forget()
        try:
            self.topPane=globals()["Pane%s"% self.paneNumber](self)
        except KeyError:
            pass
        self.topPane.pack(side=Tkinter.TOP)

if __name__=="__main__":
    w=Wizard()
    w.mainloop()



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Tue Jul 25 13:27:31 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:27:31 -0500
Subject: an "urgent" answer to a simple question
In-Reply-To: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>
References: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>
Message-ID: <44C65483.2050709@tim.thechases.com>

> I need to install Python Imaging Library (PIL) -
> imaging-1.1.5.tar.gz (source ) onto Suse Linux 10.1 system in
> order for (latest) Scribus 1.3.3.2 to install and work.

Not being a Suse user, I'm flying by the seat of my pants.

My recommendation:
Install debian, and use "apt-get install python-imaging".  One 
might even just do "apt-get install scribus" and it would find 
the "PIL dependancy".

You can "poke" in the ".deb" file and it will "show" you where 
everything goes.

If, IIUC, Suse is an "RPM-based distro", you can use

http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=pil

to "find" PIL, the way most folks would find RPM "packages" that 
don't come automatically with their distro.  RPMs may be 
glorified "tarballs" as well, so you may be able to "poke" in 
them too.

Or maybe Suse has some dependancy-tracker (I've hear the name of 
the program "yum"...might do dependancy checking?) where you can 
just point it at scribus, and it "automatically" finds "PIL" and 
"installs" it too.

> Plesae indicate how I perform PIL install (exact
> commands/procedures)  in manner where files are
> "automatically" placed in proper directories, etc.
> 
> Your "urgent" assistance is appreciated. Thanks,

"thanks" for your "post".  Hopefully this "helped".

-"tkc"






From kw at kevin-walzer.com  Fri Jul 28 13:21:06 2006
From: kw at kevin-walzer.com (Kevin Walzer)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:21:06 -0400
Subject: Tkinter questions
Message-ID: <594e0$44ca4782$4275d90a$16196@FUSE.NET>

What is the recommended/preferred widget in Tkinter in the following areas:

1. Multi-column list display. I'm aware of bindings for Tktable,
tablelist, and mclistbox, as well as Python-megawidgets that handle this.

2.  Tree widgets. I'm aware of Gene Cash's tree widget, the IDLE tree
widget, as well as wrappers for BWidgets and tktreectrl.

Rather than wade through every one of these different widgets, I'd like
to get a sense of which ones are actually used in applications and why.
Thanks for any advice.


-- 
Kevin Walzer
Poetic Code
http://www.kevin-walzer.com


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul 26 16:12:01 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:12:01 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

re.findall('\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*|\S+', s)

Qiangning Hong wrote:
> I've got some strings to split.  They are main words, but some words
> are inside a pair of brackets and should be considered as one unit.  I
> prefer to use re.split, but haven't written a working one after hours
> of work.
>
> Example:
>
> "a (b c) d [e f g] h i"
> should be splitted to
> ["a", "(b c)", "d", "[e f g]", "h", "i"]
>
> As speed is a factor to consider, it's best if there is a single line
> regular expression can handle this.  I tried this but failed:
> re.split(r"(?![\(\[].*?)\s+(?!.*?[\)\]])", s).  It work for "(a b) c"
> but not work "a (b c)" :(
> 
> Any hint?



From dedded at verizon.net  Sun Jul 30 21:30:19 2006
From: dedded at verizon.net (Dan)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 21:30:19 -0400
Subject: how to stop python
Message-ID: <44CD5D2B.2070604@verizon.net>

bruce bedouglas at earthlink.net posted:

 > perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything
 > similar. how can a python app be stopped?

I see this sort of statement a lot in Perl:
     open(FH, "myfile.txt") or die ("Could not open file");

I've no idea why you're asking for the Python equivalent to die, but if 
it's for this sort of case, you don't need it.  Usually in Python you 
don't need to explicitly check for an error.  The Python function will 
raise an exception instead of returning an error code.  If you want to 
handle the error, enclose it in a try/except block.  But if you just 
want the program to abort with an error message so that you don't get 
silent failure, it will happen automatically if you don't catch the 
exception.  So the equivalent Python example looks something like this:
     fh = file("myfile.txt")

If the file doesn't exist, and you don't catch the exception, you get 
something like this:
$ ./foo.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "./foo.py", line 3, in ?
     fh = file("myfile.txt")
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'myfile.txt'

/Dan


From jvines at arl.army.mil  Wed Jul  5 16:17:12 2006
From: jvines at arl.army.mil (Vines, John  (Civ, ARL/CISD))
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 16:17:12 -0400
Subject: Quick Basic to Python converter
Message-ID: <D9A8D98DDC682044806D5B46AF5C11E20AD704@ARLABML01.DS.ARL.ARMY.MIL>

All,
	We have a legacy project which has been written in Quick Basic.
We need to port it to Python.  Are there any converters from Quick Basic
to Python????

Thanks in advance,

John Vines
ARL MSRC
http://www.arl.hpc.mil
HPCD, CSEB
Scientific Visualization Team

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From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Thu Jul 13 11:35:35 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (Andreas Rossberg)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:35:35 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>

Marshall wrote:
> 
> However if the mutable types are not first class, then there
> is no way to have the aliasing. Thus, if we do not have pointers
> or objects or identity but retain mutability, there is no aliasing
> problem.

Yes, technically you are right. But this makes a pretty weak notion of 
mutability. All stateful data structures had to stay within their 
lexical scope, and could never be passed to a function. For example, 
this essentially precludes object-oriented programming, because you 
could not have objects with state (the alternative, second class 
objects, would be even less "objective").

Generally, second-classness is an ad-hoc restriction that can work 
around all kinds of problems, but rarely with satisfactory results. So I 
would tend to say that this is not an overly interesting point in the 
design space. But YMMV.

>>In other words, pointers are essentially just an *aspect* of mutability
>>in lower-level languages.
> 
> Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> pointers/identity/objects.

OK, if you prefer: it is an aspect of first-class mutability - which is 
present in almost all imperative languages I know. :-)

- Andreas

-- 
Andreas Rossberg, rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de


From jojoba12 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 26 13:02:39 2006
From: jojoba12 at hotmail.com (jojoba)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:02:39 -0700
Subject: can wxpython checkbox use the "fill in" marker instead of the
	"check"?
References: <1153860796.917505.27640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c7345c$0$7766$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
	<44c73702$0$7764$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>
Message-ID: <1153933359.407652.315530@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

no problem...thank you!!!!



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:30:30 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:30:30 -0700
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c09536$0$14330$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153596630.775936.224130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>danielx wrote:
> >>
> (snip)
> >>>
> >>>Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
> >>>learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
> >>>virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
> >>>(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> >>>interactive Python.
> >>
> >>...and source code...
> >
> >
> > *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
>
> Compared to machine language, Python source code is really abstration.
>

And machine language is an abstraction of pushing electrons around
circuits. I'm not sure I see your point, unless it is simply that
Python is easier than asm.

> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:31:02 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:31:02 -0700
Subject: Project organisation
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <1153323062.354883.148100@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

If a particular project requires slightly different functionality from
the classes in Utils.Py one way would be to import Utils.py and then
either monkey-patch or subclass the classes you need to extend or
modify for that project.

That way you will have no effect whatever on the other projects.

Simon Hibbs



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Sun Jul 16 14:59:37 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 20:59:37 +0200
Subject: Very simple speed benchmark of few string substitions ways
In-Reply-To: <e5f00$44ba61dc$540a0ecb$12839@news.chello.pl>
References: <e5f00$44ba61dc$540a0ecb$12839@news.chello.pl>
Message-ID: <44ba8c9a$0$10514$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Rafal Zawadzki wrote:
> I was curious of performance new Python 2.4 "Simpler String Substitutions"
> so I decided to benchmark it. What I get
> 
> bluszcz at akira:~/python/benchmarks$ python template.py
>          Normal python string substition = 0.017546 seconds
>    PEP 292: Simpler String Substitutions = 0.243750 seconds
>                    Jinja template system = 0.821844 seconds
>                  Cheetah template system = 26.842872 seconds

That's interesting. You know what? I compared my swiss knife and my spoon
recently and found that my swiss knife is slower in handling as it requires
additional opening. So I decided to stop using it. I just don't get why they
keep producing these things.

Stefan


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 18 05:43:05 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 09:43:05 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-17, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>  "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message
>  news:slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>> On 2006-07-15, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>>> The problem with understanding augmented assignment is that  it directs 
>>> the
>>> compiler and interpreter to do one or maybe two mostly invisible
>>> optimizations.  To me, the effective meaning of 'evalutating once versus
>>> twice' is most easily seen in the byte code generated by what is, 
>>> remember,
>>> the reference implementation.  What it does is what the
>>> less-than-super-clear doc means.
>>
>> But what does one do, if the question is raised whether or not the
>> code generated actually behaves as described by the language reference?
>
> One can just as well ask whether or not the docs actually describe the 
> behavior of the interpreter ;-).  In this case, not as well as one might 
> like.  Or, whether docs (and reasonable interpretation thereof) and 
> implementation match, which I claim they do it this case.

Well this dispute seems to boil down what is and what is not
involved in evaluating a target, and I have come to doubt that
target evaluation is even a meaningfull concept in python, so
maybe in order that I can understand how you come to that claim,
can you explain what a target evaluates to? So in a statement like

  col['t'] = exp

What is the evaluation of col['t']?

>> Shouldn't the language reference be clear enough to be understandable
>> without the help of byte code generated by the reference implementation?
>
> Normally, code experiments, such as you attempted, should be enough.  But, 
> as I said, trying to document mostly invisibly behavior is more difficult. 
> Based on looking at the byte code, I would put it this way: the difference 
> between assignment with duplicated source and target expressions and 
> augmented assigment with the same expression is that the interpreter 
> eliminates as much duplicate calculation as possible.  But precisely what 
> that mean seems a bit interpreter dependent to me.
>
> Should we expect a reference writen in (ambiguous) natural language to be 
> unambiguously clear?  I think not; that is why formal grammers and 
> notations were invented.  I learned Python with the doc in one window and 
> the interactive interpreter in another.

But there seems to be no formal system used for explaning the behaviour.
So I think one should take extra care in the language reference to
write in a way that is as clear as possible. IMO there is room for
improvement in the augmented assignment part. That is why I proposed
that the language reference would state that the primary of the
target would be evaluated only once, along with the index/key or slice.
Such wording avoids the notion of a target evaluation, which seems
trouble some and explains what kind of optimisations can be expected.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 13:30:09 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:30:09 +0200
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hfh55F1rjalkU1@uni-berlin.de>

>>> Arrays of chars are dangerous. If you insist, use Python lists of
>>> Python "chars" (strings of length 1).
>> Why are they more dangerous than a self-written mutable string?
> 
> I didn't say that. I meant that arrays in the C++ sense are dangerous.

So what? Python's arrays are backed by arrays of the type they have, 
whereas lists are represented by arrays of python objects. Both arrays 
of some kind. Both hide this behind a convenient API whcih don't put any 
responsibility on the programmer's shoulder. Now I ask again: where is 
that dangerous, or more dangerous than writing your own mutable string?

> C++ offers pass by value options. That makes it so you never need to
> worry about messing up data that doesn't belong to you unless you
> explicitly pass by reference. Python doesn't do this for you. Thus, a
> mutable string class in Python requires a great deal more care since
> you need to make copies of every string in every function in order to
> prevent changes in one object's string from affecting another.

While you are technically correct, it strikes me odd that someone uses 
mutable strings in a scenario where he also wants copy-semantics for 
pass-by-value. That is plain stupid: create O(n) complexity to achieve 
what immutable strings buy you for O(1).

So: Yes, mutable strings are dangerous. Use them only when their 
benefits outweigh their risks. But you argumentation regarding C++ is 
odd to say the least. Especially since the cited call-by-value semantics 
doesn't come for free - designing and implementing assignment operators 
and copy-constructors is a daunting task in itself.

And if you WANT to use mutable strings with a call-by-value semantic in 
python, a simple decorator that scans arguments for mutable strings 
could help you there.

Diez


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Tue Jul 18 17:41:22 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:41:22 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <e9jjk7$aof$1@atlantis.news.tpi.pl>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9jjk7$aof$1@atlantis.news.tpi.pl>
Message-ID: <1153258882.836910.12820@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Best interface for roguelike gaming.

Jarek Zgoda wrote:
> The Eternal Squire napisa?(a):
>
> > Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
> > calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
> > ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
> > clients thin :)
>
> Why do you think curses are essential? I'd rip out them too, they have
> no use on Windows.
> 
> -- 
> Jarek Zgoda
> http://jpa.berlios.de/



From symonlandor at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 00:51:04 2006
From: symonlandor at gmail.com (symonlandor at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 21:51:04 -0700
Subject: 2 problems
In-Reply-To: <1152312494.942347.176170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152311481.321408.253040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152312494.942347.176170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152334264.513749.91370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Mike Kent wrote:
> symonlandor at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hello,Im using Python 2.4.2 and I'm starting a few very basic
> > programs,but theres two problems I've not found the answers for.
> > My first problem is I need code that will count the number of letters
> > in a string and return that number to a variable.
>
> >>> s = "hello"
> >>> len(s)
> 5
>
> > My second problem stems from the first as I need a function that can
> > slice the string into letters and have those put in seperate
> > strings.Ive tried using the normal [:1],[:2],etc but I need a function
> > that can do that a variable amount of times due to the varying number
> > of letters in the input.
>
> >>> s = "hello"
> >>> list(s)
> ['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']
>
> >
> > This would be of great help,as python is new to me.
>
> Welcome aboard!

Thank you greatly,this is exactly what I needed,and this language is
alot more powerful than I thought!



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 07:41:02 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 04:41:02 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153309262.622907.43860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the code showing how to implement partial classes. Infact, I
was searching for this code pattern. I will have a study on metaclass
and then try it.

Thanks
Sanjay



From acoffman at san.rr.com  Tue Jul 25 01:40:47 2006
From: acoffman at san.rr.com (Andrew Coffman)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 05:40:47 GMT
Subject: stuff 2
Message-ID: <z9ixg.18093$MF6.6930@tornado.socal.rr.com>

http://www.ferg.org/papers/debugging_in_python.html
python and vmware (interface)

using super():
super(class, instance).method()

class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
     def add_section(self, section)
          super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)

effing the ineffable:
http://maverickphilosopher.powerblogs.com/posts/1124325868.shtml

Visual Exploration of Complex Networks
Visualizing large state spaces

evolving print masks
environments
crossover operators


From bigodines at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 19:06:12 2006
From: bigodines at gmail.com (bigodines)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 16:06:12 -0700
Subject: Authentication
Message-ID: <1153263972.028733.31200@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello guys,

I'm trying to learn python by making some small programs that could be
useful for some bigger propouses. In fact, i've made a small "check
latest-modified" for webpages and it's working great.

The next step I would like to do is to check if I have new e-mails (I
don't wanna read it from my program, i just wanna it to tells me "yes,
you have new mail(s)" or "no".

My question is, how do I log into my google account using urllib2 to
check this? Does anyone have a sample script that I can use or
something to help me?

thanks in advice,
Matheus



From martin at v.loewis.de  Tue Jul 11 02:38:47 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 08:38:47 +0200
Subject: urllib2 on Windows Vista
In-Reply-To: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152386863.112048.304260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b34777$0$4652$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

Sriram Krishnan wrote:
> I'm running Python 2.4.3 on Windows Vista June CTP. I'm not able to
> open any site using the urllib2 and related family of modules

I think you need to break the error further down. Try httplib instead
of urllib, and see what connect does. Then break this down into socket
calls (reading the source of httplib.connect, and executing it manually
in single-stepping), so that you know what the precise arguments passed
to getaddrinfo are.

FWIW, 11001 is WSAHOST_NOT_FOUND, which suggests that you have
DNS configured incorrectly.

Regards,
Martin


From bob at passcal.nmt.edu  Mon Jul 17 17:24:38 2006
From: bob at passcal.nmt.edu (Bob Greschke)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:24:38 -0600
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>


<rurpy at yahoo.com> wrote in message 
news:1153168968.995422.198360 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
> PTY wrote:
>> Which is better?
>>
>> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>
>> while lst:
>>   lst.pop()
>>
>> OR
>>
>> while len(lst) > 0:
>>   lst.pop()
>
> A dozen posts, but nobody has posted the right
> answer yet, so I will :-)
>
> It doesn't matter -- use whichever you prefer (*)
> This is an angels on the head of a pin issue.
>
> (*) -- If your code is part of an existing body of
> code that uses one or the other style consistently,
> then you should do the same.
>

I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite 
non-computer language):

1. While list, pop.

2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.

Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be damned. 
:)

Bob




From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Mon Jul 24 14:20:48 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:20:48 -0700
Subject: Functions, Operators, and Overloading?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8470.1153760426.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153765248.535422.217420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Michael Yanowitz:

> Maybe I am missing something, but from what I've seen,
> it is not possible to overload functions in Python.

Maybe here you can find some ideas:
http://www.artima.com/forums/flat.jsp?forum=106&thread=101605
http://bob.pythonmac.org/archives/2005/03/30/five-minute-multimethods-in-python-using-dispatch/
http://blog.ianbicking.org/more-on-multimethods.html


> (on the side, I have always wanted to define the
> ++ operator as +=1. Is that possible?)

That's not possible. Maybe you can create an inc() function, similar to
the Pascal one, that with a bit of stack-based magic may increment the
value its called on, but I think this is a bad idea. Leading/trailing
++/-- are quite bad for a language that tries to be clear and to avoid
programmer errors.

Bye,
bearophile



From bborcic at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 13:38:39 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 19:38:39 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44c11139$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Boris Borcic wrote:
> Paul Rubin wrote:
>> Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
>>> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>>> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>>
>> You really can't assume anything like that.  Sorting assumes an order
>> relation on the items being sorted, which means if a < b and b < c,
>> then a < c.  If your comparison operation doesn't preserve that
>> property then the sort algorithm could do anything, including looping
>> forever or crashing.
> 
> Not if it does the minimum number of comparisons to achieve the sort, in 
> which case it won't ever call cmp() if the result is pre-determined by 
> the order relation and previous comparisons, so that it will never get 
> from this comparison function a system of answers that's not consistent 
> with an order relation. That's obvious at least in the case where 
> random.random() == 0.5 never occurs (and at first sight even the latter 
> case shouldn't change it).

To be more convincing... assume the algorithm is optimal and calls
cmp(x,y). Either the previous calls (+ assuming order relation) give no 
conclusion as to the possible result of the call, in which case the result can't 
contradict an order relation; or the previous calls (+assumption) provide only 
partial information; iow the algorithm knows for example x<=y and needs to 
determine which of x<y or x==y is the case; in which situation the comparison 
function could break the assumption of an order relation by answering eg "x>y".

But is it possible for a sort algorithm assuming an order relation to attain eg 
x<=y but neither x<y nor x==y using calls to the comparison function involving 
either x or y and some other variables ? No, since the axiom of order applies to 
data that never has the form of weak inequalities and thus will never infer an 
inequality that's not strong.

Ok, this isn't well written, but I have to run.

Cheers, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde".


From jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 14:18:06 2006
From: jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com (James Thiele)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 11:18:06 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152901086.392518.127670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Jack wrote:
> ...snip...
> If Python is not the best candidate for embedded systems because
> of the size, what (scripting) language would you recommend?
>

TCL is fairly popular in the embedded space. Fairly small footprint.
The syntax is not to everyone's taste.



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 14:35:14 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 11:35:14 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152470114.116601.277340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:

>
> So,
> An assignment statement may assign an object to a name, in which case
> the name is 'tagged' as being local,
> An assignment statement may mutate a mutable object already bound to a
> name, in which case the assignment will not 'tag' the name as  being
> local.
>
> I guess Bruno, you mean irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects
> can have their state modified; if n has a mutable value but the
> assignment statement changed the object referred to by n, then the name
> would be tagged as local'?
>
> - Peace,  Paddy.

No, that last paragraph still does not convey what I meant.


... irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects can have their
state modified; if n has a mutable value but the assignment statement
changed n to refer to another object, then the name would be tagged as
local'?

Oh bosh, can anyone come at it from a different tack?

Ta.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 12:19:48 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 18:19:48 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <1152542691.948149.19100@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>	<1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2006.07.08.02.19.35.452621@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152542691.948149.19100@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8tun3$1nf$2@sea.gmane.org>

Ant wrote:

> So how do python app's typically embed python? For example things like
> Zope and idle are scripted using Python - presumably they restrict the
> execution of the scripts to a restricted set of modules/objects - but
> how is this done?

why?  anyone capable of adding code to idle already has access to 
everything that code can access...

> Perhaps idle doesn't require safety from untrusted code, but surely
> Zope does. So there must be some way of executing arbitrary untrusted
> code in an app within some kind of sandbox...

afaik, zope uses a custom parser.

</F>



From malahal at us.ibm.com  Fri Jul 28 20:52:00 2006
From: malahal at us.ibm.com (malahal at us.ibm.com)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 17:52:00 -0700
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
In-Reply-To: <1154124812.869991.64120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8680.1154118615.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154121986.564021.136680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154124812.869991.64120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060729005200.GA8631@us.ibm.com>

OK, I tried this one. I am actually trying to parse dhcpd.conf file.

def get_filename(self):
    p = "^[ \t]*filename[ \t]+(\S+).*?host[ \t]+%s\s*$" % self.host
    pat = re.compile(p, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
    mo = pat.search(self.confdata)
    if mo:
        return mo.group(1)
    else:
        return ""

self.host is the hostname and self.confdata is the string. It actually
matches the first filename that appears before the host entry. I want
the last one that appears before the host entry. I tried '.*?' assuming
it works, but now I know why it doesn't work!

Since I am only interested in a particular host's filename, I could
easily parse line by line. That is how it is done now, but would like to
know if there any RE that does the trick!

Thanks, Malahal.

faulkner [faulkner612 at comcast.net] wrote:
> idk, most regexes look surprisingly like undergrowth.
> 
> malahal, why don't you parse s into a dict? read each couple of lines
> into a key-value pair.
> 
> 
> John Machin wrote:
> > malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > >     My string is a multi line string that contains "filename
> > >     <filename>\n" and "host <host>\n" entries among other things.
> > >
> > >     For example: s = """ filename X
> > >                     host hostname1
> > >                     blah...
> > >                     host hostname2
> > >                     blah...
> > >                     filename Y
> > >                     host hostname3
> > >                     """
> > > Given a host name, I would like to get its filename (The closest
> > > filename reading backwards from the host line). I could read each line
> > > until I hit the host name, but I am looking for an RE that will do job.
> >
> > Looking for? REs don't lurk in the undergrowth waiting to be found. You
> > will need to write one (unless some misguided person spoon-feeds you).
> > What have you tried so far?
> >
> > > The answer should be "Y" for host hostname3 and "X" for either host
> > > hostname1 or hostname2.
> > > 
> > > Thanks in advance.
> > > 
> > > --Malahal.
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From cfc at shell01.TheWorld.com  Sat Jul 15 15:52:30 2006
From: cfc at shell01.TheWorld.com (Chris F Clark)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 15:52:30 -0400
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
	<1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <sdd8xmuzlvl.fsf@shell01.TheWorld.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
 >
 > You can have aliasing without pointers; e.g. arrays are fully sufficient.
 > If i = j, then a [i] and a [j] are aliases of the same object.

"Marshall" <marshall.spight at gmail.com> writes:

> I am having a hard time with this very broad definition of aliasing.
> Would we also say that a[1+1] and a[2] are aliases? It seems
> to me, above, that we have only a, and with only one variable
> there can be no aliasing.

As you can see from the replies, all these things which you do not
consider aliasing are considered aliasing (by most everyone else, in
fact these are exactly what is meant by aliasing).  There is good
reason for this.  Let us explain this by looking again at the SQL
example that has been kicked around some.

>>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = "John"
>> and
>>    SELECT * FROM persons WHERE surname = "Doe"

Some set of records are shared by both select clauses.  Those records
are the aliased records.  If the set is empty there is no problem.  If
we do not update the records from one of the select clauses, we also
have no problem.  However, if we update the records for one of the
select clauses and the set of aliased records is not empty, the
records returned by the other select clause have changed.  Therefore,
everything we knew to be true about the "other" select clause may or
may not still be true.  It's the may not case we are worried about.

For example, in the "imperative Mi-5" Q asks Moneypenny to run the
first query (name = John) to get a list of agents for infiltrating
Spectre.  In another department, they're doing sexual reassignments
and updating the database with the second query (surname = Doe) and
making the name become Jane (along with other changes to make the
transformation correct).  So, when Q select "John Doe" from the first
list and sends that agent on a mission Q is really sending "Jane Doe"
and Spectre realizes that the agent is one and kills her.  Not a happy
result.

In the "functional Mi-5", the sexual reassignment group, makes clones
of the agents reassigned, so that there is now both a "John Doe" and a
"Jane Doe".  Of course, the payroll is a little more bloated, so that
when Q says "John Doe" isn't needed for any further assignments, the
"Garbage Collection" department does a reduction in force and gets rid
of "John Doe".  The good news is that they didn't send Jane Doe to her
death.

The problem with aliasing, we want the things we knew true in one part
of our program, i.e. the Johns on Q's list are still Johns and not
Janes, to be true after we've run another part of our program.  If the
second part of our program can change what was true after the first
part of our program, we can't depend on the results from the first
part of our program, i.e. Q can send Jane Doe into certain death.

The problem is compounded by the complexities of our programs.  When Q
selected his list, he didn't know of the department doing the
reassignments (and couldn't know because they were part of a
top-secret project).  So, since bureaucracies grow to meet the
increasing needs of the bureaucracy, often the solution is increased
complexity, more regulations and paperwork to fill out, semaphores and
locks to hold on critical data, read-only data, status requests, etc.
All to keep Q from killing Jane by accident.  Sometimes they work. the
reassignment department has to wait 30-days for the clearance to
perform their operation in which time John Doe completes the
infiltration of Spectre saves the world from destruction and is ready
for his next assignment.

The key point is that each record (and even each field in each record)
if it can be known by two names, is an alias.  It is not sufficient to
talk about "whole" variables as not being aliased if there is some way
to refer to some part of the variable and change that part of the
variable.  Thus, a[1+1] is an alias for a[2] if you can have one part
of the code talking about one and another part of the code talking
about the other.

To put it one still final way, consider the following code;
        assert(sorted(array a));
        a[1] = 2;
        assert(sorted(array a)); // is this still true?

Because a[1] is an alias of array a, you cannot be certain that the
2nd assert will not fire (fail) without additional analysis.

        assert(sorted(array a));
        assert(a[0] <= 2);
        assert(2 <= a[2]);
        a[1] = 2;
        assert(sorted(array a)); // this is still true!

-Chris


From http  Mon Jul 24 03:06:38 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 00:06:38 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8439.1153715132.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xmzazsisk.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8440.1153722813.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xhd17wkg1.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Robert Kern <robert.kern at gmail.com> writes:
> > I usually owuld write that as int(ceil(log(U, 1.0 - p))).
> Knock yourself out. I was cribbing from my C implementation in numpy.

Oh cool, I thought you were pasting from a Python implementation. No prob. 


From grante at visi.com  Fri Jul 28 09:44:51 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:44:51 -0000
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<Uigyg.11522$rp4.5335@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <12ck56ji9c94579@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-28, Paul McGuire <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:
>> ...USING A INFINITE MAGENTIC
>> FIELD!!!
>
> I have a vision of a sweeping magenta fabric rippling through the cosmos.
>
> Perhaps a mauvic, cyanic, or even aubergenic field would be more stylish.

depends on what shoes you choose to go with it.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My uncle Murray
                                  at               conquered Egypt in 53
                               visi.com            B.C. And I can prove
                                                   it too!!


From iapain at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 16:23:41 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 13:23:41 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
Message-ID: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I'm developing a webIDE for python and I've 2 questions regarding it.

1. How can i disable some of the modules without deleting. e.g I wish
to disable "os" module.
2. How can i force user code to access only his particular folder, I
dont want to create uses in unix, e.g

fp = open(PATH, 'w') # If this PATH is defined then use can access
files else he cant .. is there is any way?

Regards!
iapain



From skodela at lithium.com  Fri Jul  7 06:31:20 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:31:20 +0000
Subject: Announcement : Octavia
Message-ID: <44ae24c3$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Hi folks

I just released a text to midi converter. Have a look at

http://sourceforge.net/projects/octavia

http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=171815

It uses a text description of music and runs the body of the music 
source file in python, leaving full facilities of python in your hands!

Ta
sree


From http  Fri Jul 28 03:48:21 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:48:21 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
> So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an
> idiot writes something to the following effect :
> 
> *instructions to disable interrupts*
> 
> followed by :
> 
> *instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls*
> 
> the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine...

A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer,
which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every
so often (e.g. by writing to some register).  If too long an interval
goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu.  Normally the
software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine.
A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running,
eventually resulting in a reset.


From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 17:14:41 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:14:41 -0700
Subject: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
In-Reply-To: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
References: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154034880.861173.153070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John,

The way I do it is, is I ask myself  'is there a more common (basic)
base between the code paths or do they both have about a 50/50 chance
on average?' or 'will one code path be taken during an error and the
other one during the normal processing?'.  If there is a clear single
common/usual/basic case or I try to detect an error I use 'try/except',
if it could go either way on average I use 'if'.

In general in  Python we follow the 'it is better to ask forgiveness
than to ask permission'.  In other words if you don't know if a piece
of data you have is a function and is callable you just call it and if
it raises an exception then you'll know it's not. This is the opposite
of C where you have to spend a good deal of time validating your input
arguments before you  can safely continue.

That said, Python is also a practical language and quite often  if you
do just one check then an 'if' may take 2 lines (if no need for else)
while a try/except will take 4 lines. So just apply common sense. For
example, I want to find out if I can call f then do some stuff if that
is the case:
try:
  f(arg)
  #...do stuff because f is callable...
except TypeError:
   pass
  # ... if f is not callable, then I don't care...

But of course it is much shorter to do:
if callable(f):
   #...do stuff because f is callable...

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc





John Salerno wrote:
> My code is below. The main focus would be on the OnStart method. I want
> to make sure that a positive integer is entered in the input box. At
> first I tried an if/else clause, then switched to try/except. Neither is
> perfect yet, but I was wondering which I should try for in the first
> place. I figure I need to check for an emptry string, non-numeric
> strings (maybe these are the same check), 0 and negative numbers (which
> might also fall into the category of 'anything but a number' because of
> the negative sign).
>
> Thanks.
>
> -------------------------------
>
> import wx
>
>
> class MyTimer(wx.Frame):
>
>      def __init__(self):
>          wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY, 'Timer',
>                            style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^
> wx.RESIZE_BORDER ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX)
>          panel = wx.Panel(self)
>
>          mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
>          inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
>
>          self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
>          self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Enter a time.')
>          prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time to wait:')
>          self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, size=(20, 20))
>          self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
>          self.reset = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Reset')
>          self.reset.Disable()
>          self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
>
>          mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL ^
> wx.BOTTOM,
>                        border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL,
> border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM,
> border=10)
>          inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.LEFT |
> wx.RIGHT,
>                         border=5)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.reset, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnStart, self.input)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnReset, self.reset)
>
>          panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
>          mainSizer.Fit(self)
>
>      def OnStart(self, event):
>          try:
>              self.time = int(self.input.GetValue())
>              self.minutes_passed = 1
>              self.minutes_remaining = self.time - 1
>              self.start.Disable()
>              self.input.Disable()
>              self.reset.Enable()
>              self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) remaining.' % self.time)
>              self.timer.Start(1000)
>          except ValueError:
>              wx.MessageBox('Enter a valid time.', 'Invalid time entered',
>                            wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
>              self.input.Clear()
>
>      def OnReset(self, event):
>          if self.timer.IsRunning():
>              self.timer.Stop()
>          self.input.Clear()
>          self.input.Enable()
>          self.start.Enable()
>          self.reset.Disable()
>          self.status.SetLabel('Enter a new time.')
>          self.progress.SetValue(0)
>          self.minutes_passed = 1
>
>      def OnTimer(self, event):
>          if self.minutes_remaining != 0:
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.minutes_passed * (100.0 /
> self.time))
>              self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) remaining.' %
> self.minutes_remaining)
>              self.minutes_passed += 1
>              self.minutes_remaining -= 1
>          else:
>              self.timer.Stop()
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.minutes_passed * (100.0 /
> self.time))
>              self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) have elapsed.' % self.time)
>              wx.Sound.Play(wx.Sound(r'C:\Windows\Media\notify.wav'))
>
>
> class MyApp(wx.App):
>
>      def OnInit(self):
>          frame = MyTimer()
>          self.SetTopWindow(frame)
>          frame.Show()
>          return True
>
>
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>      app = MyApp(False)
>      app.MainLoop()



From http  Wed Jul 19 20:51:55 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 17:51:55 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153352773.212473.22590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xu05dayj8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Gabriele *darkbard* Farina" <darkbard at gmail.com> writes:
> Using a separate interpreter could be a solution, but restarting any
> time the interpreter give me too much overhead and the application will
> work as slow as a CGI app even if it runs using FastCGI.

How many users are you talking about?  Can you have a separate FastCGI
server for each one, running continuously?  


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 31 23:41:11 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 23:41:11 -0400
Subject: suppressing the console in a GUI program
In-Reply-To: <44cecd53$0$11833$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>
References: <44cecd53$0$11833$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>
Message-ID: <44cece23$0$1490$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>

John Salerno wrote:
> Hi guys. I tried naming my file with a .pyw extension, but the console 
> still shows up. Why doesn't this work? And is there another, more 
> programmatic way to suppress it?
> 
> Thanks.

I just noticed that the console that opens isn't the normal one, it's 
IPython. Now how would I suppress that one as well? Again, any way to do 
  it in the program, or is that not a good idea for when it gets ported 
to another platform?


From aleax at mac.com  Wed Jul  5 11:17:30 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 08:17:30 -0700
Subject: python list/array question...
References: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44abc5ec$0$5272$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanjln.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1hhzshd.6l50ovmvoi3iN%aleax@mac.com>

Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:

> Bruno Desthuilliers enlightened us with:
> > Python has lists (which AFAIK really are arrays not linked lists,
> > but they are called 'lists').
> 
> An array is generally understood as a list of items of the same type,
> hence Python lists aren't arrays.

Hmmm...

>>> x = Numeric.array([23, 4.5, 'zap!'], 'O')
>>> type(x)
<type 'array'>
>>> x
array([23 , 4.5 , zap! ],'O')

Should I think that an array (Numeric.array) is not an array?  After all
it can hold just the same variety of item types as a Python list.  Or is
it more useful to say that the "type" (which all the items have in
common) is "Python object"?  (After all, 'object' IS what the typecode
letter 'O' stands for).  I definitely like to think of Numeric.array's
as arrays, and I think it's both proper and useful to do so...


Alex


From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 27 07:39:58 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:39:58 +0100
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eaa8m7$2ab$1@sea.gmane.org>

Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> it seems that the behavior of "print" is that it will round off
> properly for any floating point imperfection, such as shown in the
> first two samples.  The third sample seems to be a bug?  It doesn't
> know how to handle the floating imperfection in this case.
> 
> 
>>>>1.2345
> 
> 1.2344999999999999
> 
> 
>>>>print 1.2345
> 
> 1.2345
> 
> 
>>>>print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug ----------------------------------
> 
>      1.234
> 
> 
>>>>print "%10.3f" % 1.23450001
> 
>      1.235
> 
> 
>>>>print "%10.3f" % 1.2344
> 
>      1.234
> 
> 
>>>>print "%10.3f" % 1.2346
> 
>      1.235
> 
  >>> print "%25.22f" % 1.2345
  1.2344999999999999000000

You obviously haven't yet passed your floating-point number proficiency 
test yet. Please restrict yourself to integers until you understand the 
difficulties that inaccuracies in floating-point can create ;-)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:37:35 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:37:35 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <e89930$11f$1@bat-news01.banetele.basefarm.net>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e89930$11f$1@bat-news01.banetele.basefarm.net>
Message-ID: <1151915855.835948.120170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hehe, yeah, it does feel like swearing =)

That solution works, as long as the network behaves PERFECTLY and
you've allready configured the server to use your SSH key instead of a
password.  Expect, by its nature, waits until the right time to say
things

Sample pexpect code:
-------------  Code -------------
# assumes hosts is a list of hostnames
for host in hosts:
    child = pexpect.spawn("ssh root@%s" % host)
    child.expect ('Password:')
    child.sendline ("the correct root password")
    child.expect ('#') # root prompt
    child.sendline("echo 'the new line' >> /etc/config.file")
    child.expect('#')
    child.sendline("/etc/init.d/myservice restart")
    child.expect("#")
    child.sendline("logout")
-----------------------------

Or if you prefer a stronger split between data and code you can use
this code.  If you need even more functionality than that (such as
pausing for a few seconds after a command), you can start using
callable objects instead of tuples of text.

-------------   Code  ---------------
# commands is a list of (text-to-wait-for, response-to-send) pairs
commands = [ \
    ("Password:",   "the correct root password"),   \
    ("#",  "echo 'the new line' >> /etc/config.file"),  \
    ("#",  "/etc/init.d/myservice restart"), \
    ("#",  "logout") ]

for host in hosts:
   child = pexpect.spawn("ssh root@%s" % host)
   for cmd in commands:
      child.expect(cmd[0])
      child.sendline(cmd[1])
-------------------------------------------------

You can also tell pexpect to have a timeout on any expect() call.

Shell has its uses.  My personal experiance is shell's use is when you
dont expect the client to have a more powerful language installed, or
when a scripts duties are very limited.  If ANYTHING involves a space,
dont bother with shells, handling spaces will take more debugging than
the actual code.  For example, your quickly written code wouldn't work
because you have " inside ", when you needed single quotes.  And if any
of the commands issued have difficult parameters, properly escaping
shell strings is an utter nightmare.  A shell solution may work here,
but if the task gets any more complicated, then a new language is
needed.

I'm a toolkit programmer - I keep as many language as I can in my
toolkit.  Pexpect was 100% designed for this specific task, so why not
use it.  If I was parsing a text file, 9 times out of 10 I'll pull up
PERL, its ment for it.
Ove Pettersen wrote:
>
> I wouldn't use python at all (like swearing on this list???) .... simple
> shell-command is more than sufficient.
>
> for server in "server1 server2 server3 .... server100"
> do
>     ssh root@$server "(echo "new line" >> config.file; stop-command ;
> sleep 5 ; start-command)"
> done
>
> I would however have extended the procedure with a few more checks...
> Like:
> * only add new line to config-file if it isn't present
> * only do restart if config-file was modified
> 
> Regards,



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 15:47:24 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 12:47:24 -0700
Subject: Python for Lazarus (not Delphi)
In-Reply-To: <ea00jc$mmj$1@online.de>
References: <ea00jc$mmj$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153684044.568826.269200@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Uwe Grauer wrote:
> Does anyone know if something similar to Python for Delphi
> does exist for lazarus?
>
> Thanks for any pointers,
> 	Uwe

Python for Delphi does support Lazarus since Version 3.29
http://mmm-experts.com/VersionHistory.aspx?ProductId=3



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 09:40:58 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:40:58 -0500
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154093244.104805.242540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<slrneck39i.72t.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>	<1154092692.163998.227740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154093244.104805.242540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CA13EA.9020900@tim.thechases.com>

>>>> regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'
>>>> p = re.compile(regex)
>>>> p.match('c:\\test')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0>
>>>> p.match('c:\\test?:/')
> <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720>
> 
> the last example shouldnt give a match

Ah, but it should, because it *does* match.

 >>> m = p.match('c:\\test?:/')
 >>> m.group(0)
'c:\\test'
 >>> # add a "$" at the end to anchor it
 >>> # to the end of the line
 >>> regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*$'
 >>> p = re.compile(regex)
 >>> m = p.match('c:\\test?:/')
 >>> m

By adding the "$" to ensure that you're matching the whole string 
passed to match() and not just as much as possible given the 
regexp, you solve the problem you describe.

-tkc





From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 10:08:37 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:08:37 +0100
Subject: bay area based - python guru..
In-Reply-To: <44b65249$0$6680$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <mailman.8118.1152797735.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b65249$0$6680$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130708l163be709g8d3b70a8be75aa46@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/13/06, Stefan Behnel <stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de> wrote:
> Maybe the right thing to ask back is: how much do you pay?

And possibly; *which* bay? ;-)

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 12:09:56 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 18:09:56 +0200
Subject: python list/array question...
In-Reply-To: <slrneanjln.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44abc5ec$0$5272$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanjln.a4a.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44abe455$0$11556$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers enlightened us with:
> 
>>Python has lists (which AFAIK really are arrays not linked lists,
>>but they are called 'lists').
> 
> 
> An array is generally understood as a list of items of the same type,
> hence Python lists aren't arrays.

A list is generally understood as a linked list, hence Python lists are
not lists !-)

Also, in statically typed languages, lists are supposed to be homogenous
 ordered collections of variable length (cf ML/Haskell...). And FWIW,
this is also the intended semantic for Python lists (cf GvR's comments
on list vs tuple respective semantics)

But, to be honnest:
in a lot of languages, an array is supposed to be of fixed size, hence
Python lists aren't arrays !-)

Now the question is: since Python lists are neither arrays nor lists,
how should we name them ?-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 01:26:25 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 22:26:25 -0700
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
Message-ID: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I have been looking into non-blocking read (readline) operations on
PIPES on windows XP and there seems to be no way of doing this. Ive
read that you could use a Thread to read from the pipe, but if you
still use readline() wouldnt the Thread block too?

What i need to do is, create a process using subprocess.Popen, where
the subprocess outputs information on one line (but the info
continuesly changes and its always on the same line) and read this
information without blocking, so i can retrieve other data from the
line i read in then put this in a GUI interface.


readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use
read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected
functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its
not constant so i cant use this too.

Any ideas of solving this problem?


Cheers



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Wed Jul 19 17:39:01 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:39:01 GMT
Subject: =?utf-8?b?UmU6IENvbnZlcnRpbmcg?= =?utf-8?b?YSB3ZWIgdG8gcGRmIG9y?=
	=?utf-8?b?IC4u4oCN?=
References: <1153313239.209198.104070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87r70hff62.fsf@reportlab.com>

"Bayazee" <bayazee at gmail.com> writes:

> Hi ,
> I have a web site and i want to write a perogram with python that my
> users can convert custom web page of site to pdf (or other type :jpeg,
> doc,odt,or...) and download it . i dont want only convert text . it is
> be very good to i can don it for both text and images ... similar to
> web page ... can i do it with  ReportLab ??

Not without some hard work, no.  The problem is not the PDF or bitmap
generation, it's rather the rendering of the HTML, CSS, images
etc. into *any* format: it's a big job that only browsers really do
well, AFAIK.

I seem to recall people posting here about this problem in the past --
try Google Groups.  I imagine most web browsers can generate
thumbnails, so a larger bitmap shouldn't be a problem.  Browsers are
rather "heavyweight", though, and not ideal for running on a server.

If you're on Linux (or maybe even Windows soon, now that Qt4/win is
GPLed), you could maybe use DCOP to get the Konqueror browser to spit
out images without dragging in too much UI.

Google will find more:

http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=thumbnail+web+page+python


John


From bborcic at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 14:27:47 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 20:27:47 +0200
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44ad563c$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>

Jack wrote:
> When I try TooFPy with the SOAP and XML-RPC sample client code
> provided in TooFPy tutorials, a log entry shows up quickly on web server
> log window, but it takes a long time (5 seconds or longer) for the client
> to output a "Hello you." It seems like the web server is fast because the 
> log
> entry shows immieidately on web server console. But it takes Python XML/SOAP 
> parser a long time to parse the extremely simple result. If so, wouldn't 
> this
> render Python SOAP and XMP-RPC implementation useless in real life? 


5 secs looks really huge to just parse an "extremely simple" message. I'd rather 
suspect some sort of timeout delay.


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 14:37:48 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 11:37:48 -0700
Subject: subprocess problem on WinXP
References: <mailman.8566.1153922370.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153933539.990072.23720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8577.1153935232.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153939068.628699.175030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Wolfgang wrote:
> Hi Simon,
>
> I did not know that library! I'm still new to python and I still have
> problems to find the right commands.

Welcome. : )  Python comes with "batteries included".  I'm always
finding cool new modules myself, and I've been using it for years. In
fact, I didn't notice the bz2 module until about a week ago.

Browse the standard library docs for fun:
http://docs.python.org/lib/lib.html  there's all kinds of cool stuff in
there.  Whenever you say to yourself, "Hmm, somebody must have had this
problem before," reach for the standard library.  The solution's likely
already in there.

>
> But I suppose this library is mainly for partially
> compressing/decompressing of files. How can I use that library to
> compress/decompress full files without reading them into memory? And
> what about performance?

Read the docs.  There seems to be api for (de)compressing both
"streams" of data and whole files.

I don't know about performance, as I've never tried to use the module
before, but I would bet that it's good.  It almost certainly uses the
same bzip2 library as the bzip2 program itself and it avoids the
overhead of creating a new process for each file.

But if you're in doubt (and performance really matters for this
application) test and measure it.

I think your script could be rewritten as follows with good speed and
memory performance, but I haven't tested it (and the output filepaths
may not be what you want...):

import os
import bz2

dir_ = r"g:\messtech"


for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir_):
    for file_ in files:
        f = os.path.join(root, file_)
        bzf = os.path.join(f, '.bz2')

        F = open(f)
        BZF = BZ2File(bzf, 'w')

        try:
            for line in F: BZF.write(line)
        finally:
            F.close()
            BZF.close()


Also, note that I changed 'dir' and 'file' to 'dir_' and 'file_'.  Both
dir and file are python built-ins, so you shouldn't reuse those names
for your variables.


Peace,
~Simon



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 04:30:36 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:30:36 +0200
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
In-Reply-To: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b361ad$0$4309$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mamadu at islamabad.net wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but would
> rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am therefore looking
> for a good IDE to learn Python.  On my computer I have installed eric
> (http://ericide.python-hosting.com/) but it lacks any kind of useful
> documentation on its use.
> 
> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?

<imho>
You really don't need a full blown IDE to learn Python - any decent code
editor will do. Learning to use an IDE can take some time (even with a
good documentation), and you'll probably have more clues wrt/ IDE
choice/usage once you'll know at least the language basics.

Also, there's a problem with language-specific IDEs: you have to learn a
new IDE for each language. A good, extensible code editor (emacs, Vim,
etc) can be a better solution if you use different languages.
</imho>


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From anthony at python.org  Tue Jul 11 11:30:35 2006
From: anthony at python.org (Anthony Baxter)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 01:30:35 +1000
Subject: Subject: RELEASED Python 2.5 (beta 2)
Message-ID: <200607120130.49083.anthony@python.org>

On behalf of the Python development team and the Python
community, I'm happy to announce the second BETA release
of Python 2.5.

This is an *beta* release of Python 2.5. As such, it is not
suitable for a production environment. It is being released
to solicit feedback and hopefully discover bugs, as well as
allowing you to determine how changes in 2.5 might impact
you. If you find things broken or incorrect, please log a
bug on Sourceforge.

In particular, note that changes to improve Python's support
of 64 bit systems might require authors of C extensions
to change their code. More information (as well as source
distributions and Windows installers) are available from the
2.5 website:

    http://www.python.org/2.5/

A Universal Mac OSX Installer will be available shortly - in
the meantime, Mac users can build from the source tarballs.

Since the first beta, a large number of bug fixes have been
made to Python 2.5 - see the release notes (available from
the 2.5 webpage) for the full details.

There has been one very small new feature added - the
sys._current_frames() function was added. This is extremely
useful for tracking down deadlocks and related problems - 
a similar technique is already used in the popular 
DeadlockDebugger extension for Zope. It is not possible to 
do this sort of debugging from outside the Python core safely 
and robustly, which is why we've snuck this in after the 
feature freeze.

As of this release, Python 2.5 is now in *feature freeze*.
Unless absolutely necessary, no functionality changes will
be made between now and the final release of Python 2.5.

The plan is for this to be the final beta release. We should
now move to one or more release candidates, leading to
a 2.5 final release early August. PEP 356 includes the
schedule and will be updated as the schedule evolves. At
this point, any testing you can do would be greatly, greatly
appreciated.

The new features in Python 2.5 are described in Andrew
Kuchling's What's New In Python 2.5. It's available from
the 2.5 web page.

Amongst the language features added include conditional
expressions, the with statement, the merge of try/except
and try/finally into try/except/finally, enhancements to
generators to produce a coroutine kind of functionality, and
a brand new AST-based compiler implementation.

New modules added include hashlib, ElementTree, sqlite3,
wsgiref and ctypes. In addition, a new profiling module
"cProfile" was added.

Enjoy this new release,
Anthony

Anthony Baxter
anthony at python.org
Python Release Manager
(on behalf of the entire python-dev team)
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From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 04:13:26 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 01:13:26 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153296806.675814.249450@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

> Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
> the problem with inheritance or a meta class?

I have to study about metaclass and see whether this can be handled. It
seemed inheritence is not working.

PROBLEM: Separating plumbing code and business logic while using
SQLAlchemy ORM.

Database script:

CREATE TABLE person (
  id SERIAL,
  passport VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  blocked BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
  first_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  middle_name VARCHAR(30) NULL,
  last_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
  email VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  used_bytes INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

CREATE TABLE contact (
  person_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES person,
  contact_id INTEGER NOT NULL REFERENCES person,
  favorite BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE,
  PRIMARY KEY(person_id, contact_id)
);

DB definitions and plumbing code goes into one module, say db.py:

import sqlalchemy.mods.threadlocal
from sqlalchemy import *

global_connect('postgres://userid:password at localhost:5432/tm')
person_tbl = Table('person', default_metadata, autoload = True)
class Person(object):
    pass
contact_tbl = Table('contact', default_metadata, autoload = True)
class Contact(object):
    pass
assign_mapper(Person, person_tbl, properties = {
    'contacts' :
    relation(Contact,
primaryjoin=person_tbl.c.id==contact_tbl.c.person_id,
association=Person)
    })

assign_mapper(Contact, contact_tbl, properties = {
    'person' :
    relation(Person,
primaryjoin=person_tbl.c.id==contact_tbl.c.contact_id)
    })

Business logic in another module, say bo.py

Class PersonBO(Person):
     def Block():
          blocked = True

While using PersonBO in another module, like this:

p1 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at hotmail.com", first_name='john',
last_name='smith', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")
p2 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com", first_name='ed',
last_name='helms', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")
p3 = PersonBO(passport = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com", first_name='jonathan',
last_name='lacour', email = "skpatel20 at yahoo.com")

# add a contact
p1.contacts.append(Contact(person=p2))

the following error message occurs:

AttributeError: 'PersonBO' object has no attribute 'contacts'

What I guess, from my limited knowledge of the technologies involved,
is that assign_mapper does some magic only on Person class, and things
work. But after inheritence, it is not working.

The point in general, to my knowledge, about inheritance is that it
can't be a substitute for all the usages of partical classes. Metaclass
is a new concept for me, which I have to study.

As far as my project is concerned, I have found out some other way of
doing the things, and it is no more an issue.

Thanks a lot,
Sanjay



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:46:22 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:46:22 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b61066$0$11777$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
	<1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61066$0$11777$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152783982.293227.100490@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> >
> >>In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
> >>wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>>Maric Michaud wrote:
> (snip)
>
> >>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
> >>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> >>>
> >>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
> >>>does that solve my naming issues.
> >>
> >>Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
> >>the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
> >>references "nearby" in the same module or class.
> >
> > Right, but tmp isn't private.
>
> Right, but that's your choice. Would you complain about "almost any
> other language" if you had to hunt a badly named public method thru 27KLOC ?
>
Methods are used to perform actions. Data attributes usually aren't. We
are on different planes.
> (snip)
>
> >>Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
> >>won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
> >>the access might become a bit more complex in the future.
> >>
> > Ha! I bet you haven't read too many Python codes.
> >
> I have read tens of thousands LOC of Python in the seven past years.
> Computed attributes came in with 2.2x IIRC, so there's a lot of 'legacy'
> code that uses getters and setters. Porting this code to a
> computed-attribute style would break all client code. Having the two
> schemes coexisting would make for bloated APIs and
> too-many-ways-to-do-it. So we live with this until Py3K. And none of
> these considerations contradicts the point that there's no more use for
> javaish getters/setters in Python, nor that javaish getters/setters are
> not pythonic.
>
I never made any contradictory points regarding the matter. I wanted to
know the pythonic way of using accessors in Python. That's all. You are
the person making wild assumptions about my queries, programming
background and code.



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 27 16:32:39 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:32:39 +0200
Subject: Changing a value for each folder while traversing a file system
References: <1153924684.824188.239810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<eaaepk$p9v$00$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1154019446.157660.112970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eab7s7$vor$02$1@news.t-online.com>

PipedreamerGrey wrote:

> That seems logical, but the syntax doesn't work.  I keep getting the
> error:
> 'module object' has no attribute 'dirname'

os.dirname() was a typo, try os.path.dirname(). 

Peter


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 05:46:44 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:46:44 +0200
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <1154338430.087307.138950@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154338430.087307.138950@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cdd185$0$17883$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Rob Wolfe wrote:
>> This is my function:
>> selecteddeptcodes = context.REQUEST.DEPTCODE
>> currentstatus = context.REQUEST.STATUS
>>
>> if currentstatus == 'pending':
>>  for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
>>    context.changetolive(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
>> if currentstatus == 'old':
>>  for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
>>    context.changetopending(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
>> return context.pub_dept_form(context, context.REQUEST, message='Updated
>> Status')
>>
>> The argument in question is selecteddeptcodes.
> 
> You can use isinstance or function like that:
> 

Zope has a better solution builtin.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 00:31:05 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:31:05 -0700
Subject: list problem
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> example
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
>
> the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> so lets say the second list contains the following
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
>
> and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> available,
> i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> should only print XXX4 then return.
>
> for i in xrange(1,10):
>     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
>     str = "XXX" + numpart
>
>       for list1_elm in list1:
>           if list1_elm == str:
>                break
>           else:
>                for list2_elm in list2:
>                    if list2_elm == str:
>                       break
>                    else:
>                       print str
>                       return
>
> Cheer

Well first off, don't use 'str' for a variable name.

Second, "%04i" % i creates a string, don't call str() on it.

Third, str(1) will always be "1" so just add that to your format string
already "1%04i" % i

(And if the "XXX" part is also constant then add that too: "XXX1%04i" %
i)

Finally, you can say:

for i in xrange(1,10):
    s = "XXX1%04i" % i
    if s not in list1 and s not in list2:
        print s

HTH,
~Simon



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 03:44:47 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:44:47 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <slrnecgqha.63u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecgqha.63u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153986287.096250.44530@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Ray enlightened us with:
> > Also having to check whether a name has already existed can be a
> > major pain in the butt with Python. With Java you always know when a
> > name has already existed, and what type is bound to the name. I
> > consider this to be a Good Thing (tm).
>
> I don't buy that. With long functions and variable declarations all
> over the place, you can easily miss a few. If you then also forget to
> declare a variable (people make mistakes) you can easily re-use a name
> without knowing.

Huh? No. The compiler will always tell you. Have you ever tried Java
before?

>
> Sybren
> --
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                              Frank Zappa



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 21:45:59 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:45:59 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY

OT: you don't need the 0 in the range call. Taking it out doesn't make
it run faster, though.

>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
> compiling my files.

Unsuccessful because .... what?
[I wasn't aware that swig was intended to compile Python scripts]

Sticking with Python:
With the "for thisX" try
(1) using xrange instead of range.
(2)     widthRange = range(thisWidth)
         for thisY in range(thisHeight):
             for thisX in widthrange:
and in general, hoist loop-invariants outside the loop.

Have you considered Pyrex?

It all depends on what "#Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY" is doing.
Perhaps there is a library (PIL, pygame, ...) that does what you are
trying to do.
Perhaps if you show us what you are doing, we can give you better
advice.

HTH,
John



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul  7 18:26:06 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 00:26:06 +0200
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
References: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
	<44aa9ea5@news.uni-ulm.de>
	<27e6064815f49f93c0ba9644ba0649e6@dizum.com>
Message-ID: <m2fyhdoxvl.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Nomen Nescio <nobody at dizum.com> (NN) wrote:

>NN> Thanks, I used the popen function which did some of what I want. Here is
>NN> the code I used:

>NN> from subprocess import *

>NN> output = Popen(["gpg", "--output", "--verify", "sigtest"], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]

You need a filename argument for --output.

>NN> That worked, sort of - it did the verification at least and I can see
>NN> the return code. 

>NN> What is still not working is the display from gpg. It shows up on the
>NN> monitor screen like this:

>NN> gpg: Signature made Tue 04 Jul 2006 08:04:10 AM CET using DSA key ID
>NN> 06B09BA4
>NN> gpg: Good signature from "Boz Scraggs <scraggs at test.invalid>"

>NN> I need to get that into a file so I can parse it. Any further suggestions?

That output is passed to stderr. So you can get it in a string:

output = Popen(["gpg", "--output", "outfile", "--verify", "sigtest"], stderr=PIPE).communicate()[1]
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From n8pease at yahoo.com  Fri Jul  7 20:03:58 2006
From: n8pease at yahoo.com (nate)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 17:03:58 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152317038.098845.32660@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


> OK, so I should include the global only if I plan to modify it.
> Otherwise, I don't need to include it. Am I right?

I guess you could say that's true.  I'm hardly an expert so I couldn't
say there aren't other potential ramifications.  (anyone?)

But, as a rule I would declare the global variable always because
1) it makes my intention clear
2) if I later decided to modify the global variable, I would be less
likely to introduce a bug by forgetting to declare it global.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 17 04:07:04 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:07:04 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-14, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> Well I'll start on an possitive note and accept this. Now I'd like you
>>AP> to answer some questions.
>
>>AP> 1) Do you think the langauge reference makes it clear that this is how
>>AP>    the reader has to understand things.
>
> Yes.
>
>>AP> 2a) In case you answer yes to question (1). Can you explain me how
>>AP>     I have to read the language reference in order to deduce this
>>AP>     is indeed the way things should be understood.
>
> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
> say.

If it is so clear, why don't you explain it? 

> Your problem is that you thought __setitem__ is part of evaluation,

No I think the other way around. The evaluation is part of __setitem__ 
In so far as it makes sense to talk about the evaluation of a target
in python

> but it isn't. It is part of assignment,

No the assignment is part of __setitem__

> while __getitem__ is part of evaluation.

How can __getitem__ be part of the evaluation of col['t'] in
a statment like

  col['t'] = 5

The language reference about augmented assigments is not only
talking about evaluating a language element as an expression,
it is also talking about evaluating that language element as
a target. Now I'm not so sure that it makes sense to talk about
evaluating a target in python, but I see no way to avoid that
interpretation in:

  An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
  x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In
  the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. 

x is only evaluated once in a statement like: x+= 1
This suggests x is evaluated twice in a statement like: x = x + 1
The only way to eavlaute x twice in that statement is that
  x is evaluated once as a target.
So the langauage reference is here talking about (among other things)
evaluating a target.

What the language reference should have said IMO is that in case x
is an attribute reference, index or slicing, the primary expression
will be evaluated only once, as will be the index or slice in the
two latter cases.

This wording doesn't introduce two different kinds of evaluation
as the original wording of the language reference does.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Mon Jul  3 11:00:56 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 17:00:56 +0200
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151824243.188638.48840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <m2psgmenrr.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> "Paddy" <paddy3118 at netscape.net> (P) wrote:

>P> vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
>>> This has been bothering me for a while. Just want to find out if it
>>> just me or perhaps others have thought of this too: Why shouldn't the
>>> keyset of a dictionary be represented as a set instead of a list?

>P> I think the order of the items returned by keys() and values() are
>P> related. I decided on a short  empirical test:

yes, it is documented that their order is related. In fact 
d.items() == zip(d.keys(), d.values())
This wouldn't work with sets instead of lists.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 00:22:46 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 21:22:46 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <Xns980D5E504E731duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D5E504E731duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1154060566.565622.130780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Duncan Booth wrote:
> But you wouldn't complain about this would you?
>
> >>> print "%10.4f" % 1.23445
>     1.2345
> >>> print "%10.3f" % 1.23445
>      1.234
>
> A value which is slightly than 1.2345 prints to 4 decimal places as 1.2345
> and to 3 decimal places as 1.234.
>
> That's all that happens with your value as well: 1.2345 is not exactly
> representable as a floating point number, and the nearest representable
> number is less than 1.2345.

This is the expected behavior though... even school when they first
teach "rounding off", they will tell you 1.23445 rounding off to 3
decimal places is not 1.235.... and i don't see anything weird about
the two lines above.



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 05:15:09 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 02:15:09 -0700
Subject: [OT] Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44c88307$0$11078$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c86f23$0$25148$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153990721.593878.55700@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c88307$0$11078$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153991709.475846.156620@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>Ray wrote:
> >><ot>Ray, please, don't top-post</ot>
> >
> >
> > Um, top-post? I'm using Google News and it looks like it is placed
> > correctly in the thread... or you're referring to a different thing?
>
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top-posting

Gotcha ;-)

>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 13:06:58 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:06:58 +0200
Subject: time.clock()
In-Reply-To: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
References: <44b7b53b$0$14990$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>
Message-ID: <e98ivi$7nb$1@sea.gmane.org>

Tobiah wrote:

> import time
> 
> while 1:
>         print time.clock()
> 
> This gave me a stream of floats, the integer part of which
> only updated about every three seconds.  Now, the manual
> also states:
> 
> 	The precision, and in fact the very definition of the meaning 
> 	of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C function of
 >       the same name
> 
> So I "man 3 clock" and notice:
> 
> 	The value returned is the CPU time used so far as a clock_t;
 >       to get the number of seconds used, divide by CLOCKS_PER_SEC.
 >
> So, I'm wondering how to get that value from python.

by calling clock(), of course.

> All I really want to do is know current time relative to a given
> point so that I can capture MIDI events, and store the time at
 > which they arrive.

if you want real time, use time.time().

CPU time (processor time) is something different; that's based on how 
many CPU cycles your program has used up since it started (usually 
approximated by checking what process is running at regular intervals). 
  if your program doesn't do anything, or, as in your example, spends 
most of its time waiting for someone else to do something, it won't 
consume many cycles.

</F>



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 13 04:02:55 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:02:55 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8100.1152767908.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e94un7$3e9$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Terry Hancock wrote:

> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
>>  The original post just said that he wanted to index some values by
>>  their urls and didn't really care about the urls themselves, so I
>>  suggested that he just use the hash of the key as the key. The
>>  dictionary will then take a hash of that [note that:
>>  hash(string)=hash(hash(string)) ] then the dictionary will not keep
>>  the reference to the urls and GC will collect them. So instead of
>>  dic[urlstring']=value he will do dic[hash(urlstring)]=value. But then
>>  to retrieve he will have to do old_value=dic[hash(urlstring]].
> 
> Note that it is trivial to catch collisions on entry and correct them:
> 
> key = hash(url_string)
> i      = 0
> if d.has_key(key):
>    while d.has_key(key):
>        i += 1
>    d[key + repr(i)] = val
> else:
>    d[key] = val
> 
> or something along those lines. No need to keep the original string.

How do you intend to get the value back out of the dictionary?

candidates = []
for key in xrange(hash(url)):
    try:
        candidates.append(d[key])
    except KeyError:
        break

Instead, I would put all values with the same hash into a container, along
the lines of

d.setdefault(hash(url), []).append(value))

Here is a simple implementation that can be used to put the idea to a test.
It keeps all but the first url for a cluster with identical hashes.

class Cluster(object):
    """A cluster of dictionary values with the same hash(key).

    Helper for Dict.
    """
    def __init__(self, default):
        self.pairs = {}
        self.default = default
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        assert key not in self.pairs
        self.pairs[key] = value
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self.pairs.get(key, self.default)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Cluster(default=%r, pairs=%r)" % (self.default, self.pairs)
    def itervalues(self):
        yield self.default
        for value in self.pairs.itervalues():
            yield value

class Dict(object):
    """A dictionary that stores hashes instead of keys as long as there are
    no collisions.

    The value entered first becomes the default for a cluster of values with
    the same hash. It follows that you cannot implement a reliable
    containment test and must make sure by exterior means that only existing
    keys are looked up.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        self.dict = {}
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        short_key = hash(key)
        try:
            cluster = self.dict[short_key]
        except KeyError:
            self.dict[short_key] = value
        else:
            if isinstance(cluster, Cluster):
               cluster[key] = value
            else:
                cluster = Cluster(cluster)
                cluster[key] = value
                self.dict[short_key] = cluster
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        cluster = self.dict[hash(key)]
        if not isinstance(cluster, Cluster):
            return cluster
        return cluster[key]
    def itervalues(self):
        for value in self.dict.itervalues():
            if isinstance(value, Cluster):
                for v in value.itervalues():
                    yield v
            else:
                yield value
    def __repr__(self):
        return "Dict(%s)" % repr(self.dict)[1:-1]

if __name__ == "__main__":
    class BadHash(object):
        """Key with user-defined hash.

        Allows enforcing hash collisions.
        """
        def __init__(self, value, hash):
            self.value = value
            self.hash = hash
        def __hash__(self):
            return hash(self.hash)
        def __eq__(self, other):
            return self.value == other.value
        def __repr__(self):
            return "BadHash(value=%r, hash=%r)" % (self.value, self.hash)
    d = Dict()
    for i, v in enumerate("alpha beta gamma delta".split()):
        d[BadHash(v, i)] = v
    for v in "sigma tau omega".split():
        d[BadHash(v, 42)] = v
    print d
    assert d[BadHash("gamma", 2)] == "gamma"

    assert d[BadHash("sigma", 42)] == "sigma"
    assert d[BadHash("tau", 42)] == "tau"

    # but be warned that
    assert d[BadHash("whatever", 42)] == "sigma"

    expected = sorted("alpha beta gamma delta sigma tau omega".split())
    assert list(sorted(d.itervalues())) == expected

I fear that the memory footprint of a url is not large enough to warrant the
approach, though.

Peter






From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Wed Jul 26 23:39:01 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 13:39:01 +1000
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute, seconds string to
	integer
In-Reply-To: <1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153971541.5003.10.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Wed, 2006-07-26 at 20:18 -0700, John Machin wrote:
> google0 at lazytwinacres.net wrote:
> > I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
> > searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
> > reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
> > open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
> > "hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
> > converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
> > something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
> > perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
> > Thanks,
> >     --dang
> > p.s.
> > In case this looks like I'm asking for a homework exercise, here's what
> > I'm using now.  It returns False or raises a ValueError exception for
> > invalid inputs.  I'm just wondering if there's an already-published
> > version.
> > def dms2int(dms):
> >     """Accepts an 8-character string of three two-digit numbers,
> > separated by exactly one non-numeric character, and converts it
> > to an integer, representing the number of seconds.  Think of
> > degree, minute, second notation, or time marked in hours,
> > minutes, and seconds (HH:MM:SS)."""
> >     return (
> >             len(dms) == 8
> >         and 00 <= int(dms[0:2]) < 24
> >         and dms[2] not in '0123456789'
> >         and 00 <= int(dms[3:5]) < 60
> >         and dms[5] not in '0123456789'
> >         and 00 <= int(dms[6:8]) < 60
> >         and int(dms[6:8]) + 60 * (int(dms[3:5]) + 60 * int(dms[0:2]))
> >         )
> 
> Have you considered time.strptime()?
> 
> BTW, your function, given "00:00:00" will return 0 -- you may well have
> trouble distinguishing that from False (note that False == 0), without
> resorting to ugliness like:
> 
>     if result is False ...
> 
> Instead of returning False for some errors and letting int() raise an
> exception for others, I would suggest raising ValueError yourself for
> *all* invalid input.
> 
> You may wish to put more restrictions on the separators ... I would be
> suspicious of cases where dms[2] != dms[5]. What plausible separators
> are there besides ":"? Why allow alphabetics? If there's a use case for
> "23h59m59s", that would have to be handled separately. Note that
> "06-12-31" could be a date, "12,34,56" could be CSV data.
> 
> Cheers,
> John
> 


You may also want to look at the dateutil module (especially dateutil.parse).




-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From nobody at dizum.com  Tue Jul  4 12:20:02 2006
From: nobody at dizum.com (Nomen Nescio)
Date: Tue,  4 Jul 2006 18:20:02 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
Message-ID: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>

I'm running gpg in python to verify a signature. I can see that it is
working, because gpg is displaying the results.

But I need a way to let the python script know this. According to the gpg
manual there is a return code from gpg of 0 if the verify is good and 1 if
it is bad.

Can anyone tell me how I can get the python script to 'see' this return
code?



From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Mon Jul  3 07:33:38 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 12:33:38 +0100
Subject: catching syntax errors via excepthook?
Message-ID: <44A90092.6050506@gmail.com>

I've written an except hook into a script as shown below which works 
well for the most part and catches exceptions.

import sys
def myexcepthook(type,value,tb):
    do something

sys.excepthook=myexcepthook
rest of script.... (now protected by catchall exception hook)


I've been intentionally introducing errors into the code to try to test 
it and while it catches import errors and other things, it doesn't catch 
syntax errors.

Is there a way to get it to catch syntax errors?
Or is there a better way?

-h


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:57:46 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:57:46 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <7xr713t6hb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.7711.1151884576.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xac7rpa8g.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1151916350.528858.96880@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xr713t6hb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1151917066.560193.236820@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Ooh, can you point me to them?  This sounds very interesting.

The only way I can think of doing it is to have some fun with pointers
and not make the final copy until a change is made to the table.  I'd
love to read about an algoritm which can get around this!  I feel so
behind in the times,  I still prefer the simpliciy of the redblacktree
sometimes =p
Paul Rubin wrote:
> There are ways to do it so you don't have to copy, but the dict would
> then no longer be a straightforward hash table.



From rookswood at suburbian.com.au  Mon Jul 31 21:47:17 2006
From: rookswood at suburbian.com.au (John Savage)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 01:47:17 GMT
Subject: code to retrieve web mail?
Message-ID: <060801000110020.01Aug06$rookswood@suburbian.com>

I have a free web mail address and would like to use python to retrieve
files that have been emailed to me. The basic code would accommodate
cookies, a login name and password, then download using the full URL I
can provide. From postings here I thought mechanize held promise, but
I've found it to contain filenames that are invalid for MSDOS (too many
characters, and/or too many dots in the name, etc.) so I have little hope
that the mechanize module can be used.

I'm running python2.4.2 on plain MSDOS (not windows), so would appreciate
a pointer to sample code that can do the job. I know that curl has this
capability, but I'll learn something by tinkering with python code.

Thanks.
--
John Savage                   (my news address is not valid for email)


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul  7 10:48:48 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 14:48:48 GMT
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152219454.404167.272240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152218247.957084.262150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152219454.404167.272240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <kvurg.2405$No6.49610@news.tufts.edu>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:

> To see where Python is looking for libraries open an interactive Python
> prompt and type
>>>> import sys
>>>> print sys.path

After doing this you will see something like

'C:\\Python24\\lib\\site-packages\\wx-2.6-msw-ansi' (from my system)

in the list, otherwise it isn't finding wxPython. Also, probably just 
looking at the version of Python you are using when the interactive 
prompt starts up might give you a clue. If it's different than the 
version you installed wxPython in, then that's why it isn't finding it. 
(But I don't know if the version that the interactive prompt uses is 
necessarily the version that will be used to run your program, assuming 
you have multiple versions installed, so maybe these methods won't be 
perfectly accurate. Not sure how it gets decided which version to use if 
you have more than one, especially on Unix systems.)


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 08:55:15 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 05:55:15 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed !!!  Browsing and Selecting More Than One File
Message-ID: <20060706125516.67369.qmail@web53102.mail.yahoo.com>

Dear All,

I am trying to create a GUI, using Tkinter on Windows
2000/XP using Python 2.2. Through buttons this GUI
interacts with another program and assigns argument to
that program.

I managed to browse a ".c" file and assign this file
as an argument to the other program written in C/C++
Programming Language. On DOS, to run this program the
following can be written:

1) program file1.c
2) program file1.c file2.c file3.c .....

So briefly I managed to execute this program for one
file(program file1.c), but I failed to run for more
than one file(program file1.c file2.c file3.c ......).

After browsing for files, is there a way to select
more than one file and assign those as arguments to
the program that I want to execute?

If my explanations are not clear enough I can send you
the code I have written, or try to explain further.

Best Regards,
Fatih K.


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 23:41:08 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 20:41:08 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

nagy wrote:
> I do the following. First create lists x,y,z. Then add an element to x
> using the augumented assignment operator. This causes all the other
> lists to be changed also.
> But if I use the assignment x=x+[4] instead of using the augumented
> assignment, the y and z lists do not change.
> Why is that?
> This does not happen when I work with integer data type for example, as
> shown below.
> 
> Thanks for your help
> Nagy
> 
> 
>>>>x=y=z=[]

In this example, the '[]' creates a new list object. x, y, and z are all 
set to reference that object.

>>>>x+=[2]

This does an "in-place" operation on that list, modifying (or 
"mutating") the object directly.

>>>>x
> 

> [2]
> 
>>>>y
> 
> [2]
> 
>>>>z
> 
> [2]
> 
>>>>x=x+[4]

This creates a new list that is the concatenation of the list created 
above (the list [2]) with a new list (the list [4]). This brand new list 
is bound to the name 'x'. The names 'y' and 'z' are left unchanged. That 
is, they still point to the original list.

>>>>
>>>>x
> 
> [2, 4]
> 
>>>>y
> 
> [2]
> 
>>>>z
> 
> [2]
> 
>>>>a=b=4

This binds the names 'a' and 'b' to the integer object 4.

>>>>b
> 
> 4
> 
>>>>a+=2

This attempts to mutate the integer object 4, by adding 2 to it. 
However, numbers in Python are immutable, and so the in-place operation 
fails. Thus, it creates a new integer object equal to 6 (actually, 
CPython keeps a cache of certain smaller integer objects and reuses 
them, but this does not matter in practice). This new integer object is 
bound to the name 'a'. The name 'b' remains bound to the original 4 object.

>>>>a
> 
> 6
> 
>>>>b
> 
> 4
> 


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 16:15:48 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:15:48 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <1152648461.034750.20740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646581.880909.100930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152647415.591109.308480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152648461.034750.20740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e910tl$rsu$4@news.albasani.net>

Ant wrote:
>> > try:
>> >     # Do some stuff
>> > except Exception, err:
>> >     if err not in (DontCatchMe1, DontCatchMe2):
>> >         # Handle err
>> >
>> > HTH,
>> > ~Simon
>>
>> Dang!  not only did somebody else beat me to it, but my code is wrong
>> and theirs correct.
> 
> Ignoring the fact you haven't re-raised the exception (as we can ignore
> the fact mine doesn't handle the others ;-) ), it does show a different
> valid approach: mine has an advantage if the exceptions you don't want
> to handle inherit from a small number of base classes; yours has the
> advantage if there are a large number of unrelated exceptions that need
> ignoring.

His code is wrong since "err" is not the exception class but an instance.
"if type(err) ..." would be correct but unpythonic.

Georg


From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:44:12 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:44:12 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <4hkmraF1u47U1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hkmraF1u47U1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1152722652.752015.201580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

It should be enough but it might be a little slower than hash(string).

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > Hello,
> > I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
> > (urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
> > significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
> > only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
> > key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
> > hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
> > I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table.
>
> python dictionaries are "traditional" hash-tables.
>
> > If I
> > do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
> > the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
> > technique work for a set?
> >
> > Any other thoughts or considerations are appreciated.
>
> You could try and create a md5 sum of your strings and use that as key. It
> _should_ be good enough, but I'm no crypto expert so take that with a grain
> of salt.
> 
> Diez



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 11:09:56 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 08:09:56 -0700
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152198594.917100.238600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

manstey wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I often use:
>
> a='yy'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if a in tup:
>    <...>
>
> but I can't find an equivalent code for:
>
> a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if tup in a:
>    < ...>
>
> I can only do:
>
> if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
>    <...>
>
> but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.
>
> Is there a way around this?

One thing I do sometimes is to check for True in a generator
comprehension

if True in (t in a for t in tup):
    # do whatever here


Because you're using a generator you get the same "short-circut"
behavior that you would with a series of 'or's, the if statement won't
bother checking the rest of the terms in tup after the first True
value.

>>> def f(n, m):
	print n
	return n > m

>>> m = 2
>>> if True in (f(n, m) for n in range(5)):
	print 'done'


0
1
2
3
done

# See?  No 4!  :-)


I usually use this with assert statements when I need to check a
sequence. Rather than:

for something in something_else: assert expression

I say

assert False not in (expression for something in something_else)

This way the whole assert statement will be removed if you use the '-O'
switch to the python interpreter.  (It just occurred to me that that's
just an assumption on my part.  I don't know for sure that the
interpreter isn't smart enough to remove the first form as well.  I
should check that. ;P )

Note, in python 2.5 you could just say

if any(t in a for t in tup):
    # do whatever here


In your case though, if I were doing this kind of thing a lot, I would
use a little helper function like the findany() function Fredrik Lundh
posted.

IMHO

if findany(a, tup):
    ...

is much clearer and readily understandable than mucking about with
generator comprehensions...


Peace,
~Simon



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:26:28 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:26:28 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8629.1154029273.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<q5phc2de1fso7k8c7ueqtiib9asdft32lq@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8629.1154029273.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c91fa5$0$21627$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler a ?crit :
> On 2006-07-27 14:15:34, Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> 
> 
>>>In a language like C the name doesn't hold anything either. The name is
>>>just a way for refering to a memory space which will hold something. 
>>>
>>
>>	Except for one difference... In C (and most other languages) that
>>memory space is FIXED -- name "X" ALWAYS refers to memory space "Y".
> 
> 
> Not really fixed, at least not for local variables. They sit at variable
> places, which can be (and usually are) different for every invocation of a
> function. Maybe "stack-fixed"...
> 
> Not sure this is relevant, but I felt it needed to be said :)
> 
> 
> 
>>	In Python, even the location of the "name" may vary -- if you "del
>>name" then do some operations and rebind "name", the new "name" itself
>>could be somewhere else in memory.
> 
> 
> In this respect, a Python var is similar to a C pointer var. The same thing
> you are describing here can be done with a C pointer. Allocate storage
> ("bind" it) and have a pointer referencing it. Do something with it.
> Deallocate it ("del it"). Allocate other storage and have the same pointer
> referencing it ("rebind it"). The referenced area is somewhere else now
> (usually). 

Yes, Python references and C pointers are closely related.

But  a C pointer (I mean the pointer itself, not what it points to) is 
still a C variable. It has a 'lifetime-fixed' memory address - 
deallocating the memory block whose address is stored in the pointer and 
assigning NULL to the pointer won't change the pointer's address, nor 
make the pointer variable disappear from the current scope FWIW - and an 
'immediate' value - which is either garbage, NULL or a (possibly invalid 
!-) memory address.

While in Python, deleting a name *really* delete the name from the 
current namespace - but not necessarily the object that was bound to the 
name:

Python 2.4.1 (#1, Jul 23 2005, 00:37:37)
[GCC 3.3.4 20040623 (Gentoo Linux 3.3.4-r1, ssp-3.3.2-2, pie-8.7.6)] on 
linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> a = []
 >>> del a
 >>> a
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: name 'a' is not defined
 >>> a = []
 >>> id(a)
1078043756
 >>> b = a
 >>> id(b)
1078043756
 >>> del a
 >>> b
[]
 >>> id(b)
1078043756
 >>>

NB:  in CPython, id(<somename>) returns the address of the object bound 
to <somename>.

HTH


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 19:31:39 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 16:31:39 -0700
Subject: Python help for Access database
In-Reply-To: <1154384528.003813.79070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154372959.458828.158450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154382293.913563.176050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154384528.003813.79070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154388699.476607.40430@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> >> or mxODBC
> >> [very good but not free].
>
> I love mxODBC. It's free for noncommercial use.
>

I was presuming that the OP was mucking about with Access only because
he was so constrained by his job :-)



From cdsmith at twu.net  Thu Jul 13 13:27:31 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:27:31 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f20306a2cb46ebb989792@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hmmm, well, I cannot agree. You've defined away the pointers
> but then slipped them back in again by assumption ("objects
> of these types have identity".)
> 
> First let me say that the terminology is somewhat problematic.
> For the specific issue being discussed here, pointers, identity,
> and objects are all the same concept. (I agree that "pointer"
> connotes a low-level construct, however.)

Unless I'm missing your point, I disagree with your disagreement.  
Mutability only makes sense because of object identity (in the generic 
sense; no OO going on here).  Without object identities, mutability is 
useless.  What's the use of changing something if you're not sure you'll 
ever be able to find it again?

You may limit the scope of object identity arbitrarily, even to the 
point that aliasing is impossible (though with lexical closure, that 
gets even more limiting than it may first appear)... but you're just 
trading off power for simplicity, and the really interesting uses of 
mutations are those that allow access to specific objects from any 
number different bits of code, on a program-wide or at least module-wide 
scope.  Most mediocre programmers could replace assignment with 
recursion if that assignment is limited to local variables of a single 
subroutine.  I don't necessarily agree that the result will be a better 
program despite others' conviction on the matter; however, the 
difference certainly isn't worth complicating the language with mutation 
unless you're willing to allow the interesting uses of mutation as well.

> Mutability by itself does not imply identity. I agree that mutability
> plus identity implies aliasing problems, however.

We might have a terminological issue, then.  I'd tend to say that 
mutability definitely does imply identity, but identity doesn't imply 
aliasing.  Same difference.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 06:10:21 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 12:10:21 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> By your definition, "pointer" and "variable" are synonyms. That doesn't
> seem like a good idea to me. (What if i and j end up in registers?
> I have not heard it said that registers have addresses.)

There are no registers in the JVM ;-P

More specifically, where Joe said "pointer" he really meant "reference". 
i refers to a variable, and you really want to make sure that the first 
i refers to the same variable as the second i, so whatever is referred 
to by i is really an identity.

>>> Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
>>> identity. But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
>>> without the possibility of identity.
>> The identity is temporal:  You use the same variable name at two
>> different times.  Do you intend for the second `i' to mean the same
>> variable as the first `i'?
> 
> Okay, so "i" and "i" have the same identity.

Vacuous but true.

> I suppose you could argue that the language's namespace is an
> address-space, and variable names are addresses.

Correct.

> At this point, though, you've made the concept of identity so broad
> that it is now necessarily a property of all languages that use named
> values, whether updatable or not. I think you would also have to call
> "3" a void pointer by this scheme.

It's not a void pointer, it's a pointer to an integer, but you're 
correct: "3", when written in a program text, is a reference to the 
successor of the successor of the successor of zero.

If you find that silly and would like to stick with equality, then 
you're entirely correct. Natural numbers are entirely immutable by 
definition, and I'm definitely not the first one to observe that 
identity and equality are indistinguishable for immutable objects.

> Clearly there is *some* difference between a language which allows
> explicit pointers and thus aliasing and one that doesn't.

You can have aliasing without pointers; e.g. arrays are fully sufficient.
If i = j, then a [i] and a [j] are aliases of the same object.

(After I observed that, I found it no longer a surprise that array 
optimizations are what Fortran compiler teams sink most time into. The 
aliasing problems are *exactly* the same as those with pointers in C - 
though in practice, the Fortranistas have the advantage that the 
compiler will usually know that a [i] and b [j] cannot be aliases of 
each other, so while they have the same problems, the solutions give the 
Fortranistas more leverage.)

 > What term would you use? First-class variables?

I think it's more a quasi-continuous spectrum.

On one side, we have alias-free toy languages (no arrays, no pointers, 
no call-by-reference, just to name the most common sources of aliasing).

SQL is slightly more dangerous: it does have aliases, but they are 
rarely a problem (mostly because views aren't a very common thing, and 
even if they are used, they aren't usually so abstract that they really 
hide the underlying dependencies).

Next are languages with arrays and call-by-reference. "Pascal without 
pointers" would be a candidate.
Here, aliasing occurs, and it can and does hide behind abstraction 
barriers, but it's not a serious problem unless the software becomes 
*really* large.

The end of the line are languages that use references to mutable data 
everywhere. All OO languages are a typical example of that.

Regards,
Jo


From taleinat at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:02:00 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:02:00 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Editing File
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716911.537563.65860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <loom.20060712T175005-128@post.gmane.org>

akameswaran <at> gmail.com <akameswaran <at> gmail.com> writes:

> 
> 
> D wrote:
> > Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
> > if any changes were made by just editing the text file?
[snip]
> have you used pickle?  if the data is as simple as you say it is, you
> will be able to read the pickle file.  2nd, it will be a lot less code
> really.  You just load and unpickle the file into a variable.  After
> any edit in the gui, repickle it to the same file.  You would have to
> do the same if you edited the text file, except you would need a couple
> of lines code to parse the string, etc.
> 

If you don't plan to edit your data by hand, Pickle is a nice and simple choice.
To save you from coding the persistency bits, you can use Python's built-in
shelve module.

Shelve uses Pickle to serialize Python objects but it does most of the
persistency stuff for you. It is very simple and clean to use. One nice feature
is that can open a shelve in auto-writeback mode, so upon assignment to one of
the shelve's keys (it's like a dict) the shelve is automatically re-serialized
to the file on disk. This saves headaches like remembering to serialize the data
upon exit cleanup, crashes resulting in data loss, etc.

Shelve is the simplest tool I know of. YAML sounds nice and readable, I haven't
tryed it out yet. You could use XML easily enough with ElementTree.

Good luck!

- Tal





From p.barbierdereuille at free.fr  Fri Jul 28 17:18:17 2006
From: p.barbierdereuille at free.fr (Pierre Barbier de Reuille)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 22:18:17 +0100
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>
Message-ID: <44ca7f21$0$29876$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Pierre Thibault wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:54:39 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:
> 
>> Pierre Thibault wrote:
>>
[...]
> 
> Now, I want to do simple math operations on the data in C. Doing a loop
> from 0 to 49 would loop twice through the actual data. In this
> context, an iterator is perfect since it can take care internally of going
> through the data only once, so it would be great to access _AND MODIFY_
> data over which I iterate.
> 

The biggest problem I think is that numbers are immutable in Python.
Thus you cannot modify a number if you have a variable on it! All you
can do is modify the content of the variable.

IMHO, the way to go is to iterate on the indices and not on the values
(not much slower in Python). For example you can do something like:

lst1 = [1,2,3,4]
lst2 = [4,3,4,5]

for i in xrange(len(lst1)):
  lst1[i] += lst2[i]

If you *really* want to iterate (for example to support something else
that lists), then you will need to create a new structure like that:

from itertool import izip

lst1 = MyList1()
lst2 = MyList2()

result = [0]*len(lst1) # If possible

for i,(e1,e2) in enumerate(izip(lst1, lst2)):
  result[i] = e1+e2

lst1[:] = result # If you really need it

An intermediate possibility would be (if lst1 is indexable):

for i,e2 in enumerate(lst2):
  lst1[i] += e2

But it all depend on the kind of structure you get.

Pierre


From gneuner2/ at comcast.net  Fri Jul 14 03:24:36 2006
From: gneuner2/ at comcast.net (George Neuner)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 03:24:36 -0400
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0ideb2pm854tbmaqf30fnnr7e8jtd9hi0k@4ax.com>

On 13 Jul 2006 08:45:49 -0700, "Marshall" <marshall.spight at gmail.com>
wrote:
>
>On the other hand, there is no problem domain for which pointers
>are a requirement. I agree they are deucedly convenient, though.
>

I would argue that pointers/references _are_ a requirement for I/O.  I
know of no workable method for interpreting raw bits as meaningful
data other than to overlay a typed template upon them.

Categorically disallowing address manipulation functionally cripples
the language because an important class of programs (system programs)
cannot be written.

Of course, languages can go overboard the other way too.  IMO, C did
not need to provide address arithmetic at the language level,
reinterpretable references and array indexing would have sufficed for
any use.  Modula 3's type safe view is an example of getting it right.

It is quite reasonable to say "I don't write _____ so I don't need
[whatever language feature enables writing it]".  It is important,
however, to be aware of the limitation and make your choice
deliberately.


George
--
for email reply remove "/" from address


From dan.gass at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 16:37:28 2006
From: dan.gass at gmail.com (dan.gass at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:37:28 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
In-Reply-To: <1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153514248.125242.217310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> No, that affects the string printed only *after* the "usage = " string.
>  What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
> string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
> So I would like to make it look like this:

The example was fine (except for a typo) as far as demonstrating the
concept.  Try this corrected version:

from optparse import OptionParser

usage = '************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING
************\nusage: %prog [options] input_file'
parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
parser.print_help()



From oluoluolu at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 21:39:50 2006
From: oluoluolu at gmail.com (alimoe)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 18:39:50 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152581990.098012.224700@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I will create a "robot" that crawls over terrain that looks like the
picture here:

http://pygp.sourceforge.net/index.php3?name=runs



From schronos at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 18:55:39 2006
From: schronos at yahoo.com (Schronos)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 15:55:39 -0700
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
In-Reply-To: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153954539.520168.255640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi.

  The webpage you need to parse is not very wellformed (I think), but
no problem. perhaps the best option is to locate the portion of HTML yo
want, in this case from "<h3 class="cardsect">Actual Pitching
Statistics </h3><pre>" to "</pre>". Between this you have a few entries
like this one: " 19 <a
href=http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt//1914BOS-A.shtml>1914
BOS-A</a>   2   1   0   3.91    4    3    96   23.0   21   12   10    1
   7    3   0   0   0   0   1   0".

I'll put here a little portion of code using RE that I think will help
you to develop the rest of the app.

import re
data=" 19 <a
href=http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt//1914BOS-A.shtml>1914
BOS-A</a>   2   1   0   3.91    4    3    96   23.0   21   12   10    1
   7    3   0   0   0   0   1   0"
pt=re.compile("(<a.*?>|</a>)") # this and the next line delete the html
tags
data1=pt.sub("",data) # Now data1 doesn't contain any html tag
pt=re.compile(" +") # This sentence and te next will substitute spaces
by "-"
data2=pt.sub("-",data1)
arrange_data=data2.aplit("-") # this make a list with data

after this few sentences you'll have a list with the data you need,
like the next:
['', '19', '1914', 'BOS', 'A', '2', '1', '0', '3.91', '4', '3', '96',
'23.0', '21', '12', '10', '1', '7', '3', '0', '0',
'0', '0', '1', '0']

I think is a good init for you.

Tell me if you can resolve the the problem with this or if you need
more help.

Bye



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Fri Jul 28 14:49:31 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:49:31 -0400
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk><1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org><1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadm7r$8ol$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1154092298.714808.158250 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was
> also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with
> hardware advances at all.

I believe there is a recent release of SDL, but which what advances I do 
not know.  Pygame is being actively worked on by more than one person.
tjr 





From http  Sat Jul 15 20:04:41 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 17:04:41 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <7xy7uuza7a.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> writes:
> I use a lock directory for that, os.mkdir('/var/lock/somedir').
> If you use a file, you need two steps:
>     1) Check whether the lock-file exists
>     2) Create the lock-file
> This is not atomic. With a directory, creating it will fail if it
> already exists. This means you can atomically check for the lock, and
> if it doesn't exist already, you've immediately created it too.

The classic way in Unix was to make a link:

   1) link('some_other_file', 'lockfile')

This was atomic and would fail if lockfile already existed.

I'm not sure whether it can still be reliable, in current environments
that can involve remote file systems etc.  But I'm not sure if the
mkdir approach works either.

Maybe you want to use something like shm or posh?


From bjourne at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 14:52:09 2006
From: bjourne at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?BJ=F6rn_Lindqvist?=)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 20:52:09 +0200
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode
	for it).
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.09.28.554736@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.15.09.28.554736@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <740c3aec0607041152g1008da45v89f18043abb6b21d@mail.gmail.com>

> > /* $Id: dotquad.c 3529 2005-10-01 10:15:22Z dyoung $ */
> > /*
> >  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 David Young.  All rights reserved.
> >  *
> >  * This code was written by David Young.
>
> [snip code]
>
> Am I the only one who found it hilarious that this piece of code was made
> up of 24 lines of actual code (including lines containing only a single
> brace) but 29 lines of legalise?

Good thing it was C then, had it been Python the hilariousness of the
legalese/LOC ratio would have been lethal.

-- 
mvh Bj?rn


From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 08:29:00 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:29:00 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152707338.904408.135230@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
> But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes. This

In my experience of getters and setters in Java, most developers choose
attribute names first, and then use the IDE (Java without an IDE
*really* sucks) to auto-generate the getters and setters. So most Java
developers I have worked with pay more attention to attributes than
accessor names as these are derived anyway. So I guess it depends on
who the developers are ;-)



From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 23:24:13 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:24:13 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb6de0$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153138400.460374.218140@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc15c3@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153193053.798932.43310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Perhaps you should, if you profess an interest in hashed lookup -- it
> gives some interesting commentary on the second aspect: collision
> handling. What matters is the *total* time to return an answer.
>
Time or algorithm complexity is merely one aspect of a hash function
design. there are many others.

> > as far as time, well
> > people interested, as is how started my original port, would be more
> > than willing to try/assess the routines for sets of strings that they
> > wish to hash etc.
>
> > this site may help explain plus has some code
> > snippets that may help you understand what I mean.
> >
> > http://www.partow.net/programming/hashfunctions/index.html
>
> That JSHAsh allegedly written by "Justin Sobel": by coincidence, there's
> a Melbourne academic named Justin Zobel who has done something amazingly
> similar:
>
> http://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~hugh/zhw-ipl.html
>
Same guy, he was a lecturer during my uni days. As far as his surname
that is another issue altogether.


> Searching for "Justin Sobel" did lead me to a Russian website which
> apart from repeating your typo/reado/whatevero did propose (and test)
> some more hash functions.
>
> http://vak.ru/doku.php/proj/hash/efficiency-en
>
> In particular look at the "rot13" function which was right up near the
> front as far as number of collisions goes, and which would appear (my
> guess based on reading the source) to be very fast (with the right
> compiler (e.g. gcc 4)).
>
I've already spoken to the guy that did those measurements, there
are some flaws in the way he represents data which could lead one
to make inaccurate assumptions about the "quality" of the hash
functions. One of the many issues that i took up with him is that
he only used 1 set of data instead of having multiple sets and
aggregating the results. Whether or not he decides to re-do is
analysis is another issue altogether. TAOCP has a nice section
on how potential analysis can be done.

> I would have thought it important especially in the case of well-known
> functions whose properties have been discussed in the literature that
> you should not publish a version that gives a different answer, without
> noting that fact prominently.
>
True, the c versions work fine, i guess the python versions require
a bit more work. feel free to re-post modified versions :)


> You can't avoid using Python longs if you want to simulate unsigned
> 32-bit arithmetic. However judicious truncation can be used to stop the
> longs becoming longer and slower. General rules:
> 1. Avoid exceeding 32 bits where possible. E.g. instead of
>      hash <<= 8
> do
>      hash = (hash & 0xFFFFFF) << 8
> 2. Where unavoidable (e.g. hash *= constant), use hash &= 0xFFFFFFFF to
> chop back to 32 bits, once per iteration.
>
>

That is something I thought about, but I also considered, as
I mentioned before, the extra bits. The more bits you have to
avalanche with - (in a very general and oversimplified way)
the better your hash function "can" be.

> Thanks to Josh Bloch (jbloch at eng.sun.com) who also informed me about
> another fault that is found in Aho, Sethi and Ullman's book: The line
> with h ^= (g >> 28) now replaces the original h ^= (g >> 24). According
> to a correspondence of Josh Bloch with Ravi Sethi this correction will
> be made in the next edition of the book. Including these two changes
> this hash function is now comparable to Vo's, Torek's and WAIS's hash
> functions.
> """
>
> (1) Whoops! (2) Vo? Torek? WAIS? Could these be possible additions to
> your website?
>
Indeed! I had read about WAIS a long time ago, I'll be putting them up
very soon, thanks for the input.


> http://www.math.columbia.edu/~bayer/annote/root/root.html
> """
> Peter J. Weinberger hash function; see e.g. 21st Century Compilers, by
> Alfred V. Aho, Ravi Sethi, Monica Lam, Jeffrey D. Ullman, ISBN 0321131436.
>
> Hash unsigned X into H, using the temporary variable G. G and H are
> unsigned variables; X may be an expression. G is nonzero e.g. 92% of
> time, so a conditional expression would be slower. As noted by Josh
> Bloch, 28 is the correct replacement for the frequent misprint 24.
>
> #define HASH(G,H,X) ( H <<= 4, H += (X), G = H & 0xf0000000, H ^= G >>
> 28, H ^= G )
> """

I'm planning on adding various integer hash functions as well, just
haven't had the time. the above seems like one so I'll give it a go.





Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 12:13:44 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:13:44 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be5a3a$0$31776$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> I have a problem. I'm writing a simulation program with a number of
> mechanical components represented as objects. When I create instances
> of objects, I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
> 
> supply = supply()

NB : Python convention is to use CamelCase for non-builtin types. FWIW,
the above line will rebind name 'supply', so it won't reference the
supply class anymore...

> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
> etc.
> 
> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
> created. If I swap the 2nd and 3rd lines I get the same problem
> (compressor is referenced before creation).
> 
> 
> aargh!!! any ideas on getting around this?

Solution 1: do a two-stages initialisation


supply = Supply()
compressor = Compressor()
combuster = Combuster()
turbine = Turbine()

compressor.chain(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
combuster.chain(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)

etc...

Tedious and error-prone... Unless you use a conf file describing the
chain and a function building it, so you're sure the 2-stage init is
correctly done.


Solution 2: 'implicit' chaining

if I understand the problem correctly, your objects are chained, ie:
supply <- compressor <- combuster <- turbine...

If yes, what about:

class Chainable(object):
  def __init__(self, upstream):
    self.upstream = upstream
    if upstream is not None:
      upstream.downstream = self

class Supply(Chainable):
  #

# etc

then:

supply = Supply()
compressor = Compressor(upstream=supply)
combuster = Combuster(upstream=compressor)
turbine = Turbine(upstream=combuster)


Or if you don't need to keep direct references to all elements of the chain:


class Chainable(object):
  def __init__(self, downstream=None):
    self.downstream = downstream
    if downstream is not None:
       downstream.upstream = self


supply = Supply(
  downstream=Compressor(
    downstream=Combuster(
     downstream=Turbine()
    )
  )
)

or more simply:
supply = Supply(Compressor(Combuster(Turbine())))


FWIW, you could then make Chainable class an iterable, allowing:
for item in supply:
  # will yield supply, then compressor, then combuster, then turbine
but I don't know if it makes any sens wrt/ your app !-)

Now there can of course be a lot of other solutions...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bblais at bryant.edu  Tue Jul 11 14:32:24 2006
From: bblais at bryant.edu (Brian Blais)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:32:24 -0400
Subject: packaging programs
Message-ID: <44B3EEB8.8060008@bryant.edu>

Hello,

What is the preferred way of packaging python programs?  I know a bit about py2exe 
(windows) and freeze (linux), but is there a way to package something if you assume 
that they have python installed?  For example, if you assume that they have Python 
2.4, but don't have scipy/numpy/matplotlib, is there something which will locally 
package these modules to distribute with the program?  What are the options here?
Are there any good docs for this?

thanks,

Brian Blais


-- 
-----------------

              bblais at bryant.edu
              http://web.bryant.edu/~bblais


From shane at hathawaymix.org  Mon Jul  3 13:29:04 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 11:29:04 -0600
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44A953E0.9010402@hathawaymix.org>

Alex Biddle wrote:
> Ah, so separate downloads then. At least now I know.
> 
> Ergh... I checked the version of Python my current host is running and its 2.2.
> 
> ...ergh....

This is why you really want a VPS (virtual private server).  The cost is
similar to a web host but you get to choose your own technologies and
versions.  Several companies come to mind:

http://westhost.com/
http://jvds.com/
http://linode.com/

I'm using Westhost, which provides Python 2.2 if you ask for it, but I
compiled Python 2.4 instead.  I didn't even have to ask whether I was
allowed to do that. :-)

Shane





From fperez.net at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 16:24:25 2006
From: fperez.net at gmail.com (Fernando Perez)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:24:25 -0600
Subject: Matplotlib eps export
References: <uruqg.96071$I61.25875@clgrps13>
Message-ID: <e8eio6$qn8$2@sea.gmane.org>

Martin Manns wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> When I use matplotlib for a scatter plot with both dots and connecting
> lines, the exported eps file is huge, if the distances between many points
> are small. I think of this as a bug, since no preview tiff is included in
> the generated eps and a variety of text processing applications (including
> OpenOffice) crash when I try to import the eps. Ghostscript takes forever,
> too. Is there anything that I can do in order to export reasonable eps
> files?

I don't know the answer to your question, but I know the probability of
getting an answer will be a LOT higher if you post on the matplotlib list. 
c.l.py is only casually monitored by the mpl devs.

Cheers,

f



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 21:14:55 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 01:14:55 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <jYCsg.74231$7Z6.56831@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> I <cdsmith at twu.net> wrote:
> 
>>Incidentally, I'm not saying that such a feature would be a good idea.

I don't think it would be a bad idea. Silently giving incorrect results
on arithmetic overflow, as C-family languages do, is certainly a bad idea.
A type system that supported range type arithmetic as you've described would
have considerable advantages, especially in areas such as safety-critical
software. It would be a possible improvement to Ada, which UUIC currently
has a more restrictive range typing system that cannot infer different
ranges for a variable at different points in the program.

I find that regardless of programming language, relatively few of my
integer variables are dimensionless -- most are associated with some
specific unit. Currently, I find variable naming conventions helpful in
documenting this, but the result is probably more verbose than it would
be to drop this information from the names, and instead use more
precise types that indicate the unit and the range.

When prototyping, you could alias all of these to bignum types (with
range [0..+infinity) or (-infinity..+infinity)) to avoid needing to deal
with any type errors, and then constrain them where necessary later.

>>It generally isn't provided in languages specifically because it gets to 
>>be a big pain to maintain all of the type specifications for this kind 
>>of stuff.

It would take a little more work to write a program, but it would be no
more difficult to read (easier if you're also trying to verify its correctness).
Ease of reading programs is more important than writing.

> There are other good reasons, too, as it turns out.  I don't want to 
> overstate the "possible" until it starts to sound like "easy, even if 
> it's a pain".  This kind of stuff is rarely done in mainstream 
> programming languages because it has serious negative consequences.
> 
> For example, I wrote that example using variables of type int.  If we 
> were to suppose that we were actually working with variables of type 
> Person, then things get a little more complicated.  We would need a few 
> (infinite classes of) derived subtypes of Person that further constrain 
> the possible values for state.  For example, we'd need types like:
> 
>     Person{age:{18..29}}
> 
> But this starts to look bad, because we used to have this nice property 
> called encapsulation.

I think you're assuming that 'age' would have to refer to a concrete field.
If it refers to a type parameter, something like:

  class Person{age:Age} is
     Age getAge()
  end

then I don't see how this breaks encapsulation.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 16:42:57 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 13:42:57 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3cn2b2dq21koeevibpt937323muutnb0jj@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152477777.124443.286590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 9 Jul 2006 11:30:06 -0700, "Paddy" <paddy3118 at netscape.net> declaimed
> the following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > So,
> > An assignment statement may assign an object to a name, in which case
> > the name is 'tagged' as being local,
>
> 	Reverse... Python does not "assign" objects to names... It "assigns"
> names to objects. One object can have multiple names.
>
> 	In the absence of a "global <name>" statement, any unqualified
> <name> found on the left side of an "=" is a local name (the name -- not
> the object it is bound to -- is held as part of the current stack frame
> and is removed on return from the function; the object may or may not be
> garbage collected depending upon any other names bound to it).
>
> 	A qualified name is one with some sort of component specifier:
> <name>.<component>, <name>[<component>]. These access items that are
> inside the object that <name> is bound on. The component access
> basically is a function/method call telling the object itself to change
> the <component> binding, not the top-level <name> binding.
>
Hi Dennis, in the last paragraph you do not state specifically where
the name for the component name is looked for. Do you mean that for
component name accesses,where  the 'base' is not declared gobal, the
'base' name nevertheless is always looked for in the global scope?

(Please excuse my pedantry).



From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul 18 16:00:05 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:00:05 +0200
Subject: Defining functions in an implementation file
In-Reply-To: <1153250521.486978.256850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153250521.486978.256850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i4su3F25p26U1@uni-berlin.de>

westymatt schrieb:
> I am fairly new to python and I want to put alot of my functions in
> another python file and import or from it into my script so I can call
> the functions.  How is this done?


import myfilefullofusefulfunctionsandclasses


Works if you have the file

myfilefullofusefulfunctionsandclasses.py

in your PYTHONPATH somewhere - usually, the current dir and some dirs in 
the installation directory.

Diez


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 11 06:23:10 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 10:23:10 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-10, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>
> "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
> news:slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>> I disagree. The += version only evaluates the index once, but still has
>> to find the object twice.
>
> No it does not *have* to find the object twice and no it does *not* find 
> the object twice.  From the viewpoint of the interpreter, the purpose of 
> abbreviating 'objectexpression = objectexpression op arg' as 
> 'objectexpression op=arg' is to avoid unnecessary recalculation

But is the viewpoint of the interpreter somehow relevant? IMO the
question is if the actual behaviour is compatible with what people
expect after having read the language reference. The viewpoint of
the interpreter IMO doesn't play a role in answering that question.

>> But as far as I can interpret what is happening from the printed lines
>
> Your print get/set examples from your black-box testing miss the following 
> key point.  While the interpreter still has to *use* the object(s) twice, 
> once to get and once to set, it no longer has to *calculate* the objects 
> twice.

The language reference doesn't talk about objects. And IMO you
should be carefull if you want to use the word "object" here.
In the line: "foo += 1", you can't talk about the object foo,
since foo will be bound to a different object after the assignment
than it was bound to before.

As I read the language reference the x stands for a target expression.
Now what does it mean to evaluate a target expression like col[key].
IMO it means finding the location of the item in the collection: the
bucket in the directory, the node in the tree ... grosso mode it
boils down to the call to __setitem__ or __getitem__ depending
on where the col[key] was located in the line (or if you prefer
the view from the interpreter it boils down to the BINARY_SUBSCR
and STORE_SUBSCR opcodes).

So if the language reference seems to implies that col[key] will
only be evaluated once in a line like: "col[key] += 1" I expect
only one call from __setitem__ or __getitem__ (or only one
from BINARY_SUBSCR or STORE_SUBSCR)

Now I know python doesn't behave this way, but how python
actually behave can't be used as an argument that this
is the behaviour as described by the language reference.

So my question is: suppose I write my own collector,
where __setitem__ and __getitem__ have the same side effect.
How many times should/will this side effect occur in code like
"col[key] += 1". As I read the language reference it should
happen only once, however that is not what happens. So if
the actual behaviour of python is what we want, which is
what I suspect, then the language reference should
clarify more what the supposed behaviour should be.

Now my reading of the language reference can be faulty,
but if you want to argue that, I would appreciate it
if you could explain how I have to read the language
reference in order to come to the conclusion that the
side effect in this example has to happen twice.

And even in this case would I suggest that the language
reference would better be made clearer, since I doubt
that I'm the only who will read the language reference
this way.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul  4 15:42:14 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 21:42:14 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152034762.738373.168610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44aa8f41$0$12745$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152034762.738373.168610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aac372$0$18044$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Roman a ?crit :

<ot>
Roman, please stop top-posting and learn to quote.
</ot>

> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Roman wrote:
>>(please dont top-post - corrected)
>>
>>>
>>>My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file. So, I
>>>would like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).
>>
>>csv = [
>>   ['L0C0', 'L0C1', 'L0C2'],
>>   ['L1C0', 'L1C1', 'L1C2'],
>>   ['L2C0', 'L2C1', 'L2C2'],
>> ]
>>
>>matrix = [[[] for l in range(len(csv))] for c in range(len(csv[0]))]
>>
>>for numline, line in enumerate(csv):
>>    for numcol, col in enumerate(line):
>>        matrix[numcol][numline] = col
>>
>>assert matrix == [
>>   ['L0C0', 'L1C0', 'L2C0'],
>>   ['L0C1', 'L1C1', 'L2C1'],
>>   ['L0C2', 'L1C2', 'L2C2']
>> ]
>>


 > Thanks for spending so much time  with me.  I had since made the
 > following change.
 >
 > matrix = [[[] for l in range(len(list(reader)[:10]))] for c in
 > range(len(list(reader)[7]))]

Technically; this won't work. The first call to list(reader) will 
consume reader.

It's also somewhat dumb (len(list(reader)[:10]) is always 10) and 
inefficient (you're calling list(reader) twice, when you could call it 
just once).

Instead of trying anything at random, read the fine manual and try to 
understand the example I gave you.

 > for numline, line in enumerate(reader):
 >    for numcol, col in enumerate(line):
 >        matrix[numcol][numline] = col
 >
 > print matrix
 >
 > I don't get mistakes anymore.  However, still nothing gets printed

If you don't print anything, nothing will be printed.


From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul  5 22:09:03 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:09:03 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
In-Reply-To: <1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152151743.115952.231990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:

> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>
> > gel wrote:
> > > gel wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > >>Hi
> > >>I would like to pass a variable in and use it as part of a name of an
> > >>object, something like below, where I pass the variable software into
> > >>the function and use it as part of the name of the object so that I can
> > >>append to it using the other vairables.  Any suggestions?
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>    def a_d(self,software,mac,time,extra):
>
> > >>        global d_software
> > >>        d_software.software.append([mac,time,extra])
> > >
> > >
> > > I sorted it out
> > >
> > Then do a favour to other persons facing the same problem : share your
> > solution. As a side effect, you'll also have your code checked by lot of
> > confirmed Python programmer !-)
> >
> > --
> > bruno desthuilliers
> > python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> > p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"
>
> OK, I would love to,  the reason I did not was for fear of wasting
> peoples time with basic stuff... I ended up doing it a bit differently
>
> what I am doing is using pyro to make a package that can be run on PCs
> to control how many PC on a network are running a piece of software,the
> function
>
>     def a_d(self,software,mac):
>         global d_software
>         d_software[software][0].append(mac)
>         return d_software
>
> is in the module on the pyro server.  When this object is used on the
> client it adds the clients mac address to the dictionary list.  When
> another client is runs the software being watched it checks how many
> are already running by counting the number of mac addresses already in
> there.  If the number of PCs already running the software is below the
> number allowed, which is set in the pyro module it is allowed to
> continue to run it.  If the limit has been reached the client software
> kills the software,  Below is the client and the pyro module...
>
> Client
>
> import wmi
> import time
> import Pyro.core
> c = wmi.WMI()
> o=Pyro.core.getAttrProxyForURI('PYRONAME://:Default.test')
> for interface in c.Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration (IPEnabled=1):
> #  print interface.Description, interface.MACAddress
>   for ip_address in interface.IPAddress:
>      mac = interface.MACAddress
> mac = 1
> current_time = time.time()
> sw = "notepad.exe"
>
> #o.a_d(sw, mac, current_time, "Maybe More Extra Stuff too")
>
> while 1:
>         time.sleep(1.0)
>         ps_li=[]
>         for process in c.Win32_Process ():
> #    print process.ProcessId, process.Name
>             ps_li += [process.Name]
>
>         if sw in ps_li:
>             if len(o.r_d()[sw][0]) != 0:
>                 if mac in o.r_d()[sw][0]:
>                     print "Already in there"
>                 else:
>                     #ps_id = ps_li.index(sw)
>                     if len(o.r_d()[sw][0]) < o.r_l()[sw]:
>                         o.a_d(sw, mac)
>                         print "There are some"
>                         print o.r_d()
>
>                     else:
>                         print "There are none"
>                         for process in c.Win32_Process ():
>                             if process.Name == "notepad.exe":
>                                 print process.ProcessId, process.Name
>                                 result = process.Terminate ()
>                                 print process.Name +" has been killed"
>             else:
>                     o.a_d(sw, mac)
>                     print "First in"
>         else:
>               print sw + " not running"
>
> pyro module
>
> class testclass:
>     import wmi
>     import time
>     global d_software
>     global l_notepad
>     global d_licence_numbers
>     d_licence_numbers = {"notepad.exe":1, "Adobe":1}
>     l_notepad =[]
>     d_software = {"notepad.exe":[[],[]], "Adobe":[[],[]]}
>
>
>     def r_len_d(self):
>          return len(d_licence_numbers)
>
>     def a_d(self,software,mac):
>         global d_software
>         d_software[software][0].append(mac)
>         return d_software
>
>     def r_d(self):
>         return d_software
>
>     def r_l(self):
>         return d_licence_numbers

To make the client side a little less CPU intensive, I would like to
catch the events when a new process starts and when a process ends,
using wmi.  That will mean that I dont have to search through all
running processes.  Can anyone help with the best way to trap the
starting of a new process and the ending of an existing one?



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 10:49:19 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 16:49:19 +0200
Subject: ElementTree : parse string input
In-Reply-To: <1152196688.518552.249600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152196688.518552.249600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8j7te$eem$1@sea.gmane.org>

rajarshi.guha at gmail.com wrote:

> Hi, recently having discovered ElementTree I'm stumped by a very simple
> problem, which I can't find the answer to.
> 
> I have some XML in a string object. Now the parse() method of
> ElementTree takes a filename or file-like object. So I tried creating a
> StringIO object from the original string and then giving that to
> parse(). But that does not seem to work.

that should work, but the fromstring function (and it's XML alias) is a 
lot easier to use.

     data = "some xml in a string"

     elem = ElementTree.XML(data)

also see the end of this section:

     http://www.effbot.org/zone/element.htm#reading-and-writing-xml-files

</F>



From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul  4 12:11:36 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 18:11:36 +0200
Subject: built in zip function speed
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e8e3j1$rg9$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <e8e3pm$rg9$01$2@news.t-online.com>

Peter Otten wrote:

> from numarray import array
> a = array(a)
> b = array(b)
> c = array(c)
> d = array(d)
> e = (c-d) - (a-b)*(a-b)

Oops, bearophile has already posted the same idea with better execution...
 



From rune.strand at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:42:10 2006
From: rune.strand at gmail.com (Rune Strand)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:42:10 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152024130.318945.278290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

itertools.izip is usually faster than zip. You can try that.



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 08:48:15 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 22:48:15 +1000
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<44aaa4cd$0$23272$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<pan.2006.07.05.06.00.00.718322@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<44ab895c$0$14279$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.12.48.14.540020@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:41:47 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>> On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:26:36 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>>Steven D'Aprano wrote:
>>>
>>>>I'm having problems with sub-classes of built-in types.
>>>>
>>>>Here is a contrived example of my subclass. It isn't supposed
>>>>to be practical, useful code, but it illustrates my problem.

[snip]

> For the record, care to give more informations about your real use case?

Equal parts a learning exercise and a simple example of a genetic
algorithm.

I felt that the natural way to approach this would be for an object to
mutate itself, rather than have an external function that operated on a
string and returned a new string. The obvious approach was to subclass str
and give it methods to modify itself in place, but of course strings are
immutable.

This got me wondering how hard it would be to create a mutable string
class, whether I should look at subclassing list (to get the mutability)
and then add string-like methods to it, or try something completely
different.

A little bit of experimentation soon had me realising that I didn't
understand Python's new-style class model well enough to do these things
properly, hence the learning exercise.


Thanks for everybody's help on this.



-- 
Steven.



From skip at pobox.com  Thu Jul 13 07:01:46 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 06:01:46 -0500
Subject: PSU alert: Watch out for the anti-effbot
Message-ID: <17590.10266.990337.635501@montanaro.dyndns.org>


The PSU warns you to keep on the lookout for posts from the anti-effbot.
It's rumored that he recently turned up in this quadrant of the galaxy.  His
posts tend to be somewhat illogical, suggest a poor mastery of software
engineering in general and Python in particular, and seem unnervingly
friendly compared to posts from the real effbot.  He signs his posts using


From mail at microcorp.co.za  Fri Jul 28 03:09:38 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:09:38 +0200
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <003e01c6b214$ece5a1c0$03000080@hendrik>

"Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:

| Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64, and
| 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying:
|
| def darkness(img,x,y):
|     return  (RedVal(img,x,y) << 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) << 6) +
| (BlueVal(img,x,y) << 3)
|
|
| -- Paul

*grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift, save a
copy, shift twice more and add the copy...

- Hendrik



From jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu  Sun Jul 23 21:42:09 2006
From: jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu (James Stroud)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 01:42:09 GMT
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
In-Reply-To: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <RzVwg.55425$VE1.47671@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>

walterbyrd wrote:
> This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
> want to do is:
> 1) count identical records in a cvs file
> 2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
> 3) open the new file in ms-excel
> 
> For example, I will start with a file like:
> 
> 1001
> 1012
> 1008
> 1012
> 1001
> 1001
> 
> and finish with a file like:
> 
> 1001,3
> 1008,1
> 1012,2
> 
> What I need to know:
> 1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
> file. Something like:
> sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
> also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.

import os
os.system('sort file1.txt > file2.txt')

> 2) is there a function in python that will correctly load a csv file
> into an excel spreadsheet,
> and open that spreadsheet.

What's with the excel files? You must be in industry. Excel opens csv 
files, no problem. In Mac OS X, you can do this:

   os.system('open -a /Applications/Excel %s' % 'my_file.csv')

It probably requires a nauseating journey through a bunch of hoops to do 
the equivalent in window$. But you haven't specified your operating 
system, so I optimistically assume a best-case (OS X) and not a 
worst-case (window$). If worst-case, I'm truly sorry for your misfortune.

> 3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
> for me to do this with a
> multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the file, read a rec into
> the array, if the next rec is the same then incr the count, otherwise
> add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the array to a file?
> 

Ah, a real question. Use a dict:

if adict.has_key(some_key):
   adict[some_key] += 1
else:
   adict[some_key] = 1

James



-- 
James Stroud
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095

http://www.jamesstroud.com/


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 14:37:33 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 20:37:33 +0200
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
In-Reply-To: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Tim N. van der Leeuw a ?crit :
> Hi,
> 
> I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
> or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().
> 
> Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
> doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)

isiterable = lambda obj: isinstance(obj, basestring) \
                          or getattr(obj, '__iter__', False)


Should cover most cases.


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Mon Jul 24 16:01:21 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 13:01:21 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
In-Reply-To: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153771280.948903.282560@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

IPC via files, sockets, and shared memory are all readily available in
python.
the simplest way is to have the script write its pid to a certain file.

pidfn = '/tmp/hellowerld_ipc_pid'
if os.path.isfile(pidfn):
    f = file(pidfn)
    pid = f.read()
    f.close()
    if pid in os.popen('ps -A -o pid').read():
        print "another instance of me is running!"
    else:
        f = file(pidfn, 'w')
        f.write(str(os.getpid()))
        f.close()


gmax2006 wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is it possible that a python script finds out whether another instance
> of it is currently running or not?
> 
> Thank you,
> Max



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 19:11:44 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 19:11:44 -0400
Subject: Urllib.encode() - How does it Treat a List?
In-Reply-To: <312cfe2b0607271606r1ff483a3i751bbc3d31c23f57@mail.gmail.com>
References: <312cfe2b0607271606r1ff483a3i751bbc3d31c23f57@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607271611s5793aaa1l164f0f44d30b000@mail.gmail.com>

Ok, nevermind, I figured it it, see below

On 7/27/06, Gregory Pi?ero <gregpinero at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi Wise Python Folk,
>
> Here's my code:
> >>> p={'type':'bar','title':'Gregs Chart 1','values':[1,2,3],'labels':[1,2,3]}
> >>> urllib.urlencode(p)

I simply should have said:
urllib.urlencode(query=p,doseq=1)
Which makes it handle lists/sequences.


From ms at cerenity.org  Sun Jul  2 06:49:01 2006
From: ms at cerenity.org (Michael)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 11:49:01 +0100
Subject: PEP thought experiment: Unix style exec for function/method calls
References: <449e72ec$0$3530$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>
	<1151263138.807147.326970@r2g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a7a420$0$3532$ed2619ec@ptn-nntp-reader01.plus.net>

Carl Banks wrote:

> Maybe look to see how tail-recursive optimization in languages such as
> Scheme work, and whether it can be generalized.

Thanks for the feedback - I should've remembered tail recursion.

> I doubt this would be possible without a major change in how functions
> work in Python.  The most obvious problem is that functions refer to
> local variables by an index, not by name.  If you were to execute the
> bytecode of one function in the stack frame of another, Bad Things
> would happen.

Oh that's a pity. I can see why you'd do that, but it is a pity. That would
tend to imply that _replacing_ rather than _reusing_ the top frame is the
most doable/likely/sensible approach. (It's also very obviously easier to
emulate)

(And yes, I was consider reusing or replacing *only* the top stack frame.
Replacing seems better with retrospect, even if reusing seemed like a fun
idea :-)

> >     def set_name():
> >         name = raw_input("Enter your name! > ")
> >         cexe greet()
> >
> >     def greet():
> >         print "hello", name
> >
> >     cexe set_name()
> >     print "We don't reach here"
> >     ----------
> >
> > This would execute, ask for the user's name, say hello to them and then
> > exit - not reaching the final print "We don't reach here" statement.
> 
> Only if you were to replace the whole stack.  If you only replace or
> reuse the top frame, I would think greet would exit and execution would
> resume right after the point from which set_name was called.  Or am I
> misunderstanding what you want?

I think you are. 

In the hypothetical example, your code by definition gets called by
something. This leave a hypothetical return point. For the moment, lets
make things clearer by what I mean by changing the example to this:

> > 1     def set_name():
> > 2         name = raw_input("Enter your name! > ")
> > 3         cexe greet()
> > 4
> > 5     def greet():
> > 6         print "hello", name
> > 7
> > 8     def main():
> > 9         cexe set_name()
> > 10        print "We don't reach here"
> > 11
> > 12    main()
> > 13    print "see what I mean?"
> >     ----------

at line 12, we call 8. We can argue then our stack looks like this:
[ { "context" : "main", pc : 8 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

(I'm going to push/pop at the front of the list)

We reach line 9, before we execute the code there:
[ { "context" : "main", pc : 9 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

After we execute, it does a cexe call of set_name, not a normal call of
set_name. This causes the top stack frame to be _replaced_ :

[ { "context" : "set_name", pc : 1 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

We then carry on, until we reach line 3, at which point before execution our
stack would look something like:

[ { "context" : "set_name", pc : 3 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

And after:

[ { "context" : "greet", pc : 5 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

We'd then execute line 6, and after executing that line, our stack would
look like this:

[ { "context" : "greet", pc : 6 }, { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

We're falling off the end of a function at that point, so we'd pop the top
stack frame, as follows:
[ { "context" : "__main__", pc : 12 }, ]

Which means we return to the line after 12, and continue on with line 13
print "see what I mean". That means the '''print "We don't reach here"'''
code isn't executed.

>> * Am I mad? :)
> 
> Yep. :)

Thought so!

Thanks :-)


Michael.



From grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org  Sat Jul  1 05:34:43 2006
From: grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org (Jorgen Grahn)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 09:34:43 GMT
Subject: style question
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneacgdh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>

On Thu, 29 Jun 2006 23:19:34 +0200, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Jorgen Grahn wrote:
>
>>> assuming fixed-pitch fonts isn't very Pythonic, though; to get reliable indentation
>>> no matter what font you're using, you can write [...]
>> 
>> Since when?  I've always coded, in all languages I've ever used[1], under the
>> assumption that the reader will view it with a fixed-pitch (or whatever the
>> proper term is) font. I assumed everyone else did, too.
>
> that's a popular myth.

I'm sorry, you will have to come up with some real references to convince me
(a PEP or preferrably something not Python-specific). Or not, because I will
keep assuming a fixed-width font in my programming anyway. Living the myth!

/Jorgen

-- 
  // Jorgen Grahn <grahn@        Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu
\X/     snipabacken.dyndns.org>  R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn!


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 03:30:08 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:30:08 -0700
Subject: SocketServer and timers
References: <lMCdnSBQ7NhY4lTZnZ2dnUVZ_sCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1154071808.940150.284160@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

alf wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have one thread app using SocketServer and use server_forever() as a
> main loop. All works fine, but now I need certain timer checking let's
> say every 1 second something and stopping the main loop. So questions are:
> 	-how to stop serve_forever
> 	-how to implement timers
>
> thx, alf

Do you really need a timer, or do you just want to check something
every second or so?

If the latter, then something like this would do it:

from time import time

INTERVAL = 1.0

RUN = True

while RUN:

    # Get a time in the future.
    T = time() + INTERVAL

    # Serve requests until then.
    while time() < T:
        server.handle_request()

    # Check whatever.
    if check():
        # Do something, for example, stop running.
        RUN = False

HTH,
~Simon



From ms-usenet at 256bit.org  Mon Jul  3 13:10:32 2006
From: ms-usenet at 256bit.org (Marc Schoechlin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 19:10:32 +0200
Subject: Can I do it using python??  about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gufmaF1olh2gU1@individual.net>

valpa schrieb:

> Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> could start to type command in these xterms.

Is there a framework/module to automate ssh-sessions/scp-filetransfers 
with python-programming ?

Best regards

Marc schoechlin


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Wed Jul 19 09:40:03 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 13:40:03 GMT
Subject: CSV with comments
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>
	<e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <Xns980595321D9F0duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Sion Arrowsmith wrote:

> Daniel Dittmar  <daniel.dittmar at sap.corp> wrote:
>>         if line [:1] == '#':
> 
> What's wrong with line[0] == '#' ? (For one thing, it's fractionally
> faster than [:1].)
> 
line[0] assumes that the line isn't blank. If the input iterator is a file 
then that will hold true, but if you were ever to reuse CommentStripper on 
a list of strings which didn't have a trailing newline it would break at 
the first blank string.

Personally I would use:

  if line.startswith('#'):

which takes about three times as long to execute but I think reads more 
clearly.

timeit.py -s "line=' hello world'" "line[:1]=='#'"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.236 usec per loop

timeit.py -s "line=' hello world'" "line[0]=='#'"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.218 usec per loop

timeit.py -s "line=' hello world'" "line.startswith('#')"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.639 usec per loop


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 05:53:51 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:53:51 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.8104.1152781467.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152782195.048125.133960@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95584$eou$1@sea.gmane.org>

"mystilleef" wrote:

>> if your code is as muddled as your rhetorics, your only solution might be
>> to give up programming.
>
> There's no correlation between rhetorics and programming. That's like
> me saying if you are trying to be sarcastic your only solution might be
> to give up programming.

sarcasm doesn't imply lack of intelligence.

</F> 





From http  Tue Jul 25 08:51:47 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:51:47 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xr709vod8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com writes:
> Threadicide would not solve the problems you actually have, and it
> tends to create other problems. What is the condition that makes
> you want to kill the thread? Make the victim thread respond to that
> condition itself.

If the condition is a timeout, one way to notice it is with sigalarm,
which raises an exception in the main thread.  But then you need a way
to make something happen in the remote thread.


From martin at v.loewis.de  Sun Jul 23 17:50:09 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 23:50:09 +0200
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

Mir Nazim wrote:
> Example Problem:
> 
> Generate all possible permutations for
> [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]
> 
> [1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2] (notice an extra 2 )
> 
> eliminate some combinations based on some conditions and combine the
> rest of combinations. And now generate all possible combinations for
> resulting data set.
> Hope you get the idea.

Unfortunately, I don't. Why do you have two lists for which to generate
permutations? Why is it important that the second list has an extra 2
(actually, not extra, but it replaces a 1)?
What are "some conditions" by which to eliminate permutations?
How to "combine" the remaining permutations?
What is the "resulting data set", and what is a "possible combination"
of it?

If the task is to produce all distinct permutations of 6 occurrences
of 1 and 6 occurrences of 2, I suggest the program below. It needs
produces much fewer than 12! results (namely, 924).

Regards,
Martin

numbers = [1,2]
remaining = [None, 6, 6]
result = [None]*12

def permutations(index=0):
    if index == 12:
        yield result
    else:
        for n in numbers:
            if not remaining[n]:
                continue
            result[index] = n
            remaining[n] -= 1
            for k in permutations(index+1):
                yield k
            remaining[n] += 1

for p in permutations():
    print p


From davehowey at f2s.com  Fri Jul 21 11:53:11 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 08:53:11 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi

> Also, I gave the example using Python code as 'config' format, but any
> structured enough text format could do, ie JSON, XML, or even ini-like:
>
> # schema.ini
> objects = turbine1, frobnicator2
>
> [turbine1]
> class=Turbine
> upstream=frobnicator2
> downstream=
>

yes, I like the idea of using .ini type file format or XML, very much.
There are parser available which will automatically building python
objects from this, won't they (like configparser)? I'll have to get
reading over the weekend...

> >>def get_class_by_name(name):
> >>  return globals()[name]
> >
>
> Q&D way to retrieve the class object (Python's classes are themselves
> objects) known by it's name (as a string).

ok, so it actually returns the class object itself.
One thing that confuses me is that objects have a name (self.name) but
object instances also have a name (e.g. myspecialturbine = turbine(...)
---- how do I discover the name 'myspecialturbine' ?). And object
instances have a class name too ('turbine'). Aaargh, too many names!
what if just want to know what the name of the instance is (in this
case 'myspecialturbine'?)

Right. I'll have a go at pulling all this together over the weekend
hopefully. Hurrah! Thanks for all the help, to everyone.
Dave



From draghuram at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 15:54:45 2006
From: draghuram at gmail.com (draghuram at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:54:45 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
In-Reply-To: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


You may want to look at pexpect:

http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/

But I am not sure about its support on windows.

gert365 at yahoo.com wrote:
> I'm working on a scirpt to be used on a windows machine and I need to
> automate a user's input on the command prompt.  For example I'm using
> os.system('mycommand') to excute the commands I want.  However some of
> these command will prompt for a confirmation of yes or no from user.
> Is there anything in python that will allow my script to automate these
> input
> Another example is let  say if i type "format c:\" on the command
> prompt it will warn me and ask me to type 'y' to continue.  I can use
> the os.system to automate the "format c:\" but is there a way to
> automate the 'y' input part.  I try searching for help on the Interent
> but cant seem find any info on how to do this with Python.  Can someone
> give me some confirmation if what I want to do is possible or not.
> Thanks in advance for any help.



From maphew at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 19:35:06 2006
From: maphew at gmail.com (maphew at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:35:06 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
Message-ID: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I have some lists for which I need to remove duplicates. I found the
sets.Sets() module which does exactly this, but how do I get the set
back out again?

# existing input: A,B,B,C,D
# desired result: A,B,C,D

import sets
dupes = ['A','B','B','C','D']
clean = sets.Set(dupes)

out = open('clean-list.txt','w')
out.write(clean)
out.close

---
out.write(clean) fails with "TypeError: argument 1 must be string or
read-only character buffer, not Set" and out.write( str(clean) )
creates "Set(['A', 'C', 'B', 'D'])" instead of just A,B,C,D.

thanks in advance for your time,

-matt



From belred at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 01:28:13 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 22:28:13 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Bryan wrote:
> 
>> could you get the same result by putting these methods in base
>  > class object that everything subclasses?
> 
> and how do you make sure that everything subclasses this base class ?
> 
> </F>
> 

in this hypothetical case, i was assuming len() would be put in object and every 
class subclasses object implicitly or explicitly (ie, new style classes only). 
if it was done that way, would len(obj) == obj.len() in all cases?


bryn




From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 17 12:57:34 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 16:57:34 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9fj2i$2mq$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
	<Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>
	<d1Ctg.313440$8W1.311974@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f247767eefec77e989690@news.altopia.net>
	<e9fj2i$2mq$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <2kPug.24230$Z67.2556@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> of no assertion language that can express such temporal relationships, 
> and even if there is (I'm pretty sure there is), I'm rather sceptical 
> that programmers would be able to write correct assertions, or correctly 
> interpret them - temporal logic offers several traps for the unwary. 

FWIW, this is exactly the area to which LOTOS (Language Of Temporal 
Orderering Specifications) is targetted at. It's essentially based on 
CSP, but somewhat extended. It's pretty straightforward to learn and 
understand, too.  Some have even added "realtime" constraints to it.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 22:10:06 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 21:10:06 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
	<1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>
	<1154392791.954980.78190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154393509.059503.231590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <oMyzg.2573$W93.2147@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> 
> Simon Forman wrote:
>> Philippe, please!  The suspense is killing me.  What's the cpu!?
>>
>> For the love of God,  what's the CPU?
>>
>> I-can't-take-it-anymore-it's-such-a-simple-question-ingly yours,
> 
> Yes, please .....
> 
> I've found a C compiler manual on the web for the Epson S1C33 CPU as
> well as the one for the S1C88 that Philippe pointed me at. They have
> two things in common:
> (1) explicitly mention support for 32-bit longs
> (2) in the bottom right corner of most pages, it has the part number
> (which includes S1Cxx) and the version number.
> 
> Philippe has what he believes to be the manual for the C compiler for
> the CPU in the device,  but couldn't find it on the web.
> 
> Perhaps if Philippe could divulge the part number that's in the bottom
> right corner of the manual that he has, and/or any part number that
> might be mentioned in the first few pages of that manual, enlightenment
> may ensue ....
> 
> Cheers,
> John


That was cute ... over and out !

Long live Python.

A+

Philippe



From malkarouri at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 16:28:45 2006
From: malkarouri at gmail.com (malkarouri at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 13:28:45 -0700
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153281415.473436.125220@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be5d1b$0$21606$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153340925.338387.124350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> malkarouri at gmail.com wrote:
[...]
> > Sorry, but I kinda agree with Boris here.
>
> On what ?

On the argument that you are (implicitly?) disagreeing with him on,
obviously. That the OP problem is not definitely the default values
question. As you say:

> >>If the OP has other reasons to want to use an accumulator based solution
> >>- which we don't know - then the possibility to use a default value is
> >>important.

My emphasis is on "we don't know".

>
> > Not that I am anybody here,
> > really.
>
> Err... Are you you at least ?-)
>

I am. Thanks for your concern:)

> Note that the generator-based solution doesn't return a list. (And yes,
> I know, it's just a matter of wrapping the call to obj.genAllChildrens()
> in a list constructor).

And you can do the wrapping in a function that returns a list, to be
more pedantic. And yes, I know you know.

>
> > I don't think there is actually a FAQ
> > saying you must use the accumulator solution.
>
> Did I say so ? The FAQ I mention is about default values evaluation, and
> it's the problem the OP was facing. Please re-read my post more carefully.
>

Actually, I have read your post right first time. And I do know you
didn't say that (a FAQ for accumulators). I raised it just in case.
What I don't agree with is that it is not the problem the OP was
facing. The discussion was: is the real problem the default values
problem, which he already got a solution for. Or was the real problem
the list returning recursion problem, for which he (or subsequent
google searchers, who are more likely to come to this thread after
searching for "Recursive function returning a list") may benefit from a
generator approach.

> > Actually, the accumulator based solution kind of comes to me
> > automatically as standard in any programming language, and I believe
> > that this was established as standard in python, _before_ the
> > introduction of generators.
>
> FWIW, you don't need to pass an accumulator around to solve this problem:
>
>     def getAllChildren(self):
>         children = []
>         if self.children:
>             children.extend(self.children)
>             for child in self.children:
>                 children.extend(child.getAllChildren())
>         return children

Thanks for the function, though I regard it as kind of trivial for the
level of discussion that we are having now. The problem solved by the
accumulator is _not_ the building of a list recursively. It is doing so
efficiently. Which is definitely not done by creating multiple
temporary lists just to add them. I am sure you know the theory. More
of relevance is that the generator based solution has also the same
efficiency, so they are both better than the trivial solution.
You have a point though. Your function is a solution. Just I don't
regard it as the preferred solution for the problem as I see it. YMMV.

To recap, the OP (and subsequent google searchers, if they pass by) has
now the preferred solution according to you. To my satisfaction, they
will also read the other solution, which looks more pythonic to me. As
I see it, any additional discussion now suffers from diminishing
returns.

Regards,
k



From crystalattice at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 20:24:09 2006
From: crystalattice at gmail.com (crystalattice)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:24:09 -0700
Subject: Pickle vs XML for file I/O
Message-ID: <1154391849.335723.94480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm creating an RPG for experience and practice.  I've finished a
character creation module and I'm trying to figure out how to get the
file I/O to work.

I've read through the python newsgroup and it appears that shelve
probably isn't the best option for various reasons.  This lead me to
try messing w/ pickle, but I can't figure out how to use it with
classes.  I've found many examples of using pickle w/ non-OOP code but
nothing that shows how to use it w/ classes, subclasses, etc.  I've
read the documentation but it doesn't explain it well enough for me.

Then I started thinking perhaps I'm going about it wrong.  My current
thought is to save an instance of each character so all the info (name,
skills, hit points, etc.) is stored in one place.  But looking at
OpenRPG made me think that perhaps using XML to store the information
would be better.  Each character could have a separate XML file, though
I don't know how it would work if many NPC's are required.

I guess my question is, what are the benifits of getting pickle to work
w/ my classes vs. converting all the character data into XML and just
writing that to a file?  Since most of the data would need to be
modified often, e.g. hit points, is one storage format better than the
other?  Can you even modify data if it's been pickled w/o having to
unpickle it, change the data, then repickle it?



From jjones at slickedit.com  Tue Jul 18 16:34:59 2006
From: jjones at slickedit.com (jjones at slickedit.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:34:59 -0700
Subject: Using Visual Slick Edit for Python
References: <1153233110.826006@sj-nntpcache-5><e9iu05$7am$1@news.sap-ag.de>
Message-ID: <1153254899.294179.37160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> P.S. Have you already upgraded to v11 and is there anything worthwhile
> in it (Python or otherwise)?

Hi,

We have just released 11.0.1 where we improve and add new support for
scripting and dynamic languages.  A snippet of the press release can be
found below.

SlickEdit v11.0.1 continues to improve support for the Python language
by offering enhanced Context Tagging?, Auto-Completion, Syntax
Indenting, and code navigation.

Thank you,

Jason Jones
SlickEdit
www.slickedit.com

SlickEdit Forums
http://community.slickedit.com/



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 17:47:54 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 17:47:54 -0400
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
In-Reply-To: <1152135868.279168.10460@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7826.1152134753.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152135868.279168.10460@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607051447r4231a34fy3e7284d59b65d7d8@mail.gmail.com>

Thanks Mark, that does help, but what is this errno module?  I mean,
does it apply to OSError or to IOError or both?

On 5 Jul 2006 14:44:28 -0700, Mark Peters <mpeters42 at gmail.com> wrote:
> > I did find this but it doesn't have numbers and I can't tell if it's
> > even what I'm looking for:
> > http://docs.python.org/lib/module-errno.html
>
> Error number picked at random:
>
> >>> import errno
> >>> print errno.errorcode.keys()
> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
> 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,
> 10000, 10004, 10009, 10013, 10014, 10022, 10024, 10035, 10036, 10037,
> 10038, 10039, 10040, 10041, 10042, 10043, 10044, 10045, 10046, 10047,
> 10048, 10049, 10050, 10051, 10052, 10053, 10054, 10055, 10056, 10057,
> 10058, 10059, 10060, 10061, 10062, 10063, 10064, 10065, 10066, 10067,
> 10068, 10069, 10070, 10071, 10091, 10092, 10093, 10101]
> >>> print errno.errorcode[10]
> ECHILD
>
> or
>
> >>> import os
> >>> print os.strerror(10)
> No child processes
>
> Hope this helps,
> Mark Peters
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Fri Jul 14 04:17:55 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:17:55 +0200
Subject: TFTP client in python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8155.1152863266.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8153.1152852952.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44b72846$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8155.1152863266.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b75336$0$6678$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

> Stefan Behnel [stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de] wrote:
>> malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
>>> Is there a TFTP client python module? I just need "get file" feature.
>>> I came across two implementations on WEB, but they are kind of
>>> unfinished (got the code from some mailing list!).
>> Second hit in Google ("tftp python"):
>>
>> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-January/024980.html

malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> I saw that in Google too! It is server centric and I was looking for
> client specific code.

Apparently, it has a client included. Just drop the server class and retry.


> The code also doesn't compile due to white space issues.

I assume you copied it from the web page. Use the "tabnanny" module to find
out where the problems are.


> If this is the best available,

Haven't tested it, so can't tell.


> I will have to get dirty in Python!

Which is never a bad idea. :)

Stefan


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 11:35:39 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 17:35:39 +0200
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.15.35.38.544470@gmx.net>

In <1152182594.168085.10660 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>, manstey wrote:

> I often have code like this:
> 
> data='asdfbasdf'
> find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
> for i in find:
>    if i[0] in data:
>        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
> 
> is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> increase the speed?

It decreases it.  You search through `data` in the ``if`` clause.  If it's
`False` then you have searched the whole data and skip the replace.  If
it's `True` you searched into data until there's a match and the the
`replace()` starts again from the start and searches/replaces through the
whole data.

You can get rid of the indexes and make the code a bit clearer by the way:

for old, new in find:
    data = data.replace(old, new)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 06:30:06 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:30:06 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8107.1152785580.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152784679.897537.105720@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8107.1152785580.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152786606.520310.274670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> "mystilleef" wrote:
>
> > Pretending to be intelligent does, however.
>
> so the real reason you've written a few hundred posts saying basically "I pick
> bad names, which proves... uh... whatever" is to impress people by pretending
> to be something you're not ?
>
> </F>

Choosing bad identifiers is not a measure of intelligence. Given your
standing in the Python community, I expect more from you. If your only
contribution to this thread is snide and derisive remarks, you leave me
no choice but to ignore you.



From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 18:53:11 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 15:53:11 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <1151772233.103785.3240@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151731404.400513.277050@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151772233.103785.3240@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151794391.287124.92380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Paul Boddie wrote:
> Ravi Teja wrote:
> >
> > 1.) XPath is not a good idea at all with "malformed" HTML or perhaps
> > web pages in general.
>
> import libxml2dom
> import urllib
> f = urllib.urlopen("http://wiki.python.org/moin/")
> s = f.read()
> f.close()
> # s contains HTML not XML text
> d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
> # get the community-related links
> for label in d.xpath("//li[.//a/text() = 'Community']//li//a/text()"):
>     print label.nodeValue

I wasn't aware that your module does html as well.

> Of course, lxml should be able to do this kind of thing as well. I'd be
> interested to know why this "is not a good idea", though.

No reason that you don't know already.

http://www.boddie.org.uk/python/HTML.html

"If the document text is well-formed XML, we could omit the html
parameter or set it to have a false value."

XML parsers are not required to be forgiving to be regarded compliant.
And much HTML out there is not well formed.



From pipehappy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:15:10 2006
From: pipehappy at gmail.com (pipehappy)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:15:10 -0700
Subject: check type when assignment
Message-ID: <1152717310.209736.131020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello everyone:

Is there a way to check the type when do assignment?

if I write:
ab = bc
and want to make sure the return value of isinstance(bc, klass) is True
or I will raise
a exception.

Any suggestion?



From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:49:53 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:49:53 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
In-Reply-To: <Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Duncan,

I couldn't make out much from the code.
Instead this is what I did.

threads = []
        nloops = range(len(lRawData))
        for i in nloops:
            (sUrl, sFile, download_size, checksum) =
stripper(lRawData[i])
            t = threading.Thread(target=download_from_web, args=(sUrl,
sFile, sSourceDir, None))
            # = pypt_thread(download_from_web, i,
stripper(lRawData[i]))
            threads.append(t)

        i = 0
        join_i = 0
        while i < nloops:
            counter = 0
            while counter < 3:
                threads[i].start()
                counter += 1
                i += 1
            counter = 0
            join_i = i - 3
            while counter < 3:
                threads[join_i].join()
                counter += 1
                join_i += 1

Is this correct ? Comments!!

Ritesh


Duncan Booth wrote:
> Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
>
> > I'm planning to implement threads in my application so that multiple
> > items can be downloaded concurrently. I want the thread option to be
> > user-defined.
> >
> > Looking at the documentation of threads (Core Python Programming), I've
> > noticed that all threads are executed a once. Depending upon what they
> > are doing, some finish early and some later.
> >
> > But I want to implement something like:
> >
> > for item in list_items:
> >     for num in thread_args:
> >        thread[num].start()
> >        thread[num].start()
> >
> > Is this the correct way of threading applications ?
> > This is the first time I'd be doing threading. So was looking for
> > comments and suggestions.
> >
>
> What you want is to use a pool of threads so that you can configure how
> many requests are issued at a time (you don't want to try to issue 100
> requests all in parallel). You can communicate with the threads through a
> Queue.
>
> So if the code for a thread looks like:
>
>    def run(request, response):
>        while 1:
>            item = request.get()
>            if item is None:
>                 break
>            response.put(download_from_web(item))
>
> # your main loop can be something like:
>
> requestQueue = Queue()
> responseQueue = Queue()
> thread_pool = [
>         Thread(target=run, args=(requestQueue, responseQueue)
>         for i in range(numthreads)]
> for t in thread_pool: t.start()
>
> for item in list_items:
>      requestQueue.put(item)
>
> for i in range(len(list_items)):
>     response = responseQueue.get()
>     handle_response(response)
>
> # and then to shut down the threads when you've finished:
> for t in thread_pool:
>     requestQueue.put(None)
> for t in thread_pool:
>      t.join()



From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 07:19:05 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 13:19:05 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> It's just that I know that it's viable to give up destructive updates.
>> Giving up pointers is a far more massive restriction.
> 
> Oddly, I feel the opposite. While it's true there are many domains
> for which purely functional programming is a fine choice, there
> are some domains for which it is insufficient. Any kind of data
> managament, for example, requires that you be able to update
> the information.

Sure, the data itself cannot be managed non-destructively.

However, the programs that operate on the data need not do destructive 
updates internally. That way, I can have pointers inside the programs 
without giving up aliasing.
(Aliasing is really, really, really important. It's the reason why 
mathematicians can handle infinite objects - they copy just the alias, 
i.e. the name or description, instead of the object itself. It's one of 
the things that make abstraction useful.)

>>> Right. To me the response to this clear: give up pointers. Imperative
>>> operations are too useful to give up; indeed they are a requirement
>>> for certain problems.
>> I don't know any.
>> In some cases, you need an additional level of conceptual indirection -
>> instead of *doing* the updates, you write a function that *describes* them.
> 
> But then what do you do with that function?

I pass it to an engine that's imperative.

However, that engine doesn't need to do aliasing anymore.

In other words, I'm separating mutability and aliasing, so that they 
can't combine and explode.

 > Let's say I have an
> employee database. John Smith just got hired on 1/1/2006 with
> a salary of $10,000. I need to record this fact somewhere. How
> do I do that without variables? Current-employees is a variable.
> Even if I have the space to keep all historical data, so I'm not
> deleting anything, I still have to have a variable for the latest
> version of the accumulated data. I can solve this without
> pointers, but I can't solve it without variables.

As I said elsewhere, the record has an identity even though it isn't 
explicit in SQL.
(SQL's data manipulation language is generally not considered half as 
"clean" as the query language; I think the core of the problemsis that 
DML combines mutability and identity.)

> I should like to learn more about these. I have some vague
> perception of the existence of linear logic, but not much
> else. However, I also already have an excellent solution
> to the pointer aliasing problem, so I'm less motivated.

Pointers are just the most obvious form of aliasing. As I said 
elsewhere, there are others: array indexing, by-reference parameters, or 
even WHERE clauses in SQL statements. In fact, anything that selects an 
updatable piece of data from a collection is an alias, and incurs the 
same problems as pointers, though they may come in different disguises.

>> Actually SQL has references - they are called "primary keys", but they
>> are references nevertheless.
> 
> I strongly object; this is quite incorrect. I grant you that from the
> 50,000 foot level they appear identical, but they are not. To
> qualify as a reference, there need to be reference and dereference
> operations on the reference datatype; there is no such operation
> is SQL.
> 
> Would you say the relational algebra has references?

Yes.

> Or, consider the classic prolog ancestor query. Let's say we're
> setting up as follows
> 
> father(bob, joe).
> father(joe, john).
> 
> Is "joe" a reference, here? After all, when we do the ancestor
> query for john, we'll see his father is joe and then use that to
> find joe's father. Keys in SQL are isomorphic to joe in the
> above prolog.

Agreed. They are both references ;-P

>> (Some SQL dialects also offer synthetic
>> "ID" fields that are guaranteed to remain stable over the lifetime of a
>> record.
> 
> Primary keys are updatable; there is nothing special about them.

Right - I was wrong with identifying keys and identities. In fact the 
identity of an SQL record cannot be directly obtained (unless via those 
ID fields).
The records still have identities. It's possible to have two WHERE 
clauses that refer to the same record, and if you update the record 
using one WHERE clause, the record returned by the other WHERE clause 
will have changed, too.

>> With a "repeatable read" isolation level, you actually return to a
>> declarative view of the database: whatever you do with it, you won't see
>> it until you commit the transaction. (As soon as you commit, the
>> declarative peace is over and you better watch out that your data
>> doesn't become inconsistent due to aliasing.)
> 
> Alas, transaction isolation levels are a performance hack.
> I cannot defend them on any logical basis. (Aside: did you mean
> serializable, rather than repeatable read?)

Possibly. There are so many isolation levels that I have to look them up 
whenever I want to get the terminology 100% correct.

>> The only thing that can really be done about it is not adding it
>> artificially into a program. In those cases where aliasing is part of
>> the modelled domain, you really have to carefully inspect all
>> interactions and never, never, never dream about abstracting it away.
> 
> Yes, aliasing introduces a lot of problems. This is one reason
> why closures make me nervous.

Me too.
On the other hand, they are so immensely useful.
Simply don't create closures with mutable data in them. Or, to the very 
least, make sure that no aliases outside the closure exist.

Regards,
Jo


From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 23:15:12 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 20:15:12 -0700
Subject: locked file
In-Reply-To: <1154013225.281847.222750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153987211.032895.195950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013225.281847.222750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154056512.921149.240760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

By locked files i mean Outlook PST file while Outlook has it open

Simon Forman wrote:
> Kirt wrote:
> > i have a code that backsup file from src to dest.
> >  Now if some of the files are locked , i need to skip those files..
> > I was trying to use fctl module but it can be used only in unix i
> > suppose.
> >
> > is there anyother way? i am using windows os.
>
> What does locked mean in this case?  No read permissions? In use by
> another program?
>
> I haven't used windows in a long time, and I wasn't aware that one
> could lock files in it.
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul  3 19:27:12 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 16:27:12 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
Message-ID: <062901c69ef8$3705c1c0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the parsing
i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find functions to
remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars.

i'm assuming python has something like

valid_str = strip(invalid_str)

where 'strip' removes/strips out the invalid chars...

any ideas/thoughts/pointers...

thanks

-bruce



From xivulon at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:25:57 2006
From: xivulon at gmail.com (ago)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:25:57 -0700
Subject: enum 0.4.1 not pickle-firendly
Message-ID: <1153322757.097860.119720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I have started using the enum module () , at them moment pickling an
object instance that has an EnumValues assigned to one of its
attributes pickles the full enumeration, this is not efficient. I am
not sure what is the best way around (I do not like the idea of having
to use __getstate__/__setstate__ every  time), but I guess that a
EnumValue should not have a reference to an Enum instance. Maybe a
better approach might be to have Enum as a metaclass so that each
EnumValue only references the particular Enum class.



From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:36:36 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:36:36 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com> <44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44be2777$1_1@news.bluewin.ch>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Boris Borcic a ?crit :
>> Hello Bruno,
>>
>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>
>>> Boris Borcic wrote:
>>>
>>>>> Do you have any ideas?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> you could use a recursive generator, like
>>>>
>>>> def genAllChildren(self) :
>>>>     for child in self.children :
>>>>         yield child
>>>>         for childchild in child.genAllChildren() :
>>>>             yield childchild
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Or how to *not* address the real problem...
>>>
>>> Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
>>> to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
>>>
>>
>> Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.
> 
> It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ),

This is really an oversimplification. What's the case is that his showstopper 
was covered by the FAQ list. The OP's "problem" is actually a stack of 
problems/subproblems and was presented as such.

> and easy 
> to solve.

I did consider a couple distinct ways to solve "it" while passing lists around - 
did you notice that the OP's code made no clear choice as to whether it wanted 
to pass them by reference or as return values ? That's how a generator struck me 
as most pythonic if you want ("In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation 
to guess").

> The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to the FAQ 
> (or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose a 
> workaround.

Given your usage of code simplicity in another thread as (roughly) a measure of 
pythonic virtue, I feel it warranted to ask why should one recognize simpler 
code as "the workaround" (assuming it fits the bill) ?

Because it doesn't cross the FAQ, seems to be your answer...

> 
>> How can you exclude that the OP /may/ find that a generator neatly 
>> solves his problem ?
> 
> I don't exclude it, and explicitly mentioned in whole letters that, I 
> quote, it "may be a pretty good idea". And actually, the OP's problem is 
> really with default values evaluation scheme - something that every 
> Python programmer should know, because there are cases where you cannot 
> solve it with a generator-based solution !-)
...
 >> - and the quirks of default values being FAQ stuff don't change that.
 >> Sure if nobody had covered that aspect, but a couple other posters did...
 >
 > Yes, but you forgot to mention that - and I would not have post any
 > comment on your solution if you had explicitly mentioned the FAQ or
 > these other answers.

At this point I recognize that our difference may very well have deep roots 
relating to cognitive style, educational policy, etc. Generally speaking I 
welcome debate on such premisses as an occasion to learn more (not so much from 
my contradictor than from the debate itself), but a precondition is that the 
partner/contradictor understands my motive (what I can't count on since the idea 
of learning from the debate itself is pretty typical such cognitive style 
divides). Besides, I don't quite have the time right now.

The short form is : "I strongly disagree with you".

Best, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"


From dnew at san.rr.com  Tue Jul 18 12:13:34 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:13:34 GMT
Subject: What is a type error? [correction]
In-Reply-To: <aLXug.11420$5B3.4643@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net> <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4KRug.7756$5B3.7551@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<QWRug.29144$uy3.1541@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<aLXug.11420$5B3.4643@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <OM7vg.29227$uy3.13575@tornado.socal.rr.com>

David Hopwood wrote:
> Darren New wrote:
> 
>>David Hopwood wrote:
>>
>>
>>>public class LoopInitTest {
>>>    public static String getString() { return "foo"; }
>>>
>>>    public static void main(String[] args) {
>>>        String line = getString();
>>>        boolean is_last = false;
>>>
>>>        while (!is_last) {
>>>            if (line.charAt(0) == 'q') {
>>>                is_last = true;
>>>            }
>>>
>>>            // insert line into inputs (not important for analysis)
>>>
>>>            if (!is_last) {
>>>                line = getString();
>>>            }
>>>        }
>>>    }
>>>}
>>>
>>>which compiles without error, because is_last is definitely initialized.
>>
>>At what point do you think is_last or line would seem to not be
>>initialized? They're both set at the start of the function, and (given
>>that it's Java) nothing can unset them.
>>
>>At the start of the while loop, it's initialized. At the end of the
>>while loop, it's initialized. So the merge point of the while loop has
>>it marked as initialized.
> 
> 
> Apparently, Hermes (at least the version of it described in that paper)
> essentially forgets that is_last has been initialized at the top of the
> loop, and so when it does the merge, it is merging 'not necessarily initialized'
> with 'initialized'.


No, it's not that it "forgets". It's that the "insert line into inputs" 
unitializes "line". Hence, "line" is only conditionally set at the 
bottom of the loop, so it's only conditionally set at the top of the loop.

> This sounds like a pretty easy thing to fix to me (and maybe it was fixed
> later, since there are other papers on Hermes' typestate checking that I
> haven't read yet).

You simply misunderstand the "insert line into inputs" semantics. Had 
that line actually been commented out in the Hermes code, the loop would 
have compiled without a problem.

That said, in my experience, finding this sort of typestate error 
invariably led me to writing clearer code.

boolean found_ending = false;
while (!found_ending) {
   string line = getString();
   if (line.charAt(0) == 'q')
     found_ending = true;
   else
     insert line into inputs;
}

It seems that's much clearer to me than the contorted version presented 
as the example. If you want it to work like the Java code, where you can 
still access the "line" variable after the loop, the rearrangement is 
trivial and transparent as well.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From http  Wed Jul 12 18:46:56 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 15:46:56 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7x8xmyzbj3.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

kdotsky at gmail.com writes:
> do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
> the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
> technique work for a set?

A hash function that always generates unique hashes is called a
perfect hash.  They tend to be slow, and of course, to generate one,
you need to know all the keys in advance.

If you use a long cryptographic hash like md5 or sha, the chances of 
collision is very small.  That's probably your best bet.

In general, if your hash is N bits long, you will probably get
collisions once you have around 2**(N/2) keys.  sha is a 160
bit hash so getting collisions by accident is extremely unlikely.


From manuhack at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:12:28 2006
From: manuhack at gmail.com (manuhack)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:12:28 -0700
Subject: write()
In-Reply-To: <Xns980D6083D770rzed@208.49.80.253>
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D6083D770rzed@208.49.80.253>
Message-ID: <1154016748.541330.158770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Then is there any way to create a directory under XP using Python?

Rick Zantow wrote:
> "manuhack" <manuhack at gmail.com> wrote in news:1153981114.837884.232610
> @p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com:
>
> > I copied the lines
> >
> > f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> > print f
> > f.close()
> >
> > from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> > directory" '/tmp/workfile'
> >
> > Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> > Thanks.  Without / I can open it.
> >
>
> The problem is probably that you don't have a '/tmp' directory. WinXP
> doesn't create a directory structure to match a file path specification. If
> you first create the '/tmp' directory (which is a directory off the root of
> your hard drive on WinXP, so that if your current directory is on a D:
> drive it would be D:\tmp), then your code would work.
> 
> -- 
> rzed



From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 11 11:08:47 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:08:47 -0500
Subject: Identifying apparently unused globals
Message-ID: <17587.48895.621334.871978@montanaro.dyndns.org>


At work we have a fairly large application (about 20 packages, 300+ modules)
that looks like we might be heading into a bit of a plateau stage.  Now
seems like a good time to identify and delete old, unused code that's flown
under the radar screen for awhile simply because nobody was looking for it.
Trouble is, most of that unused code consists of module-level classes,
functions and variables, so it's hard to distinguish mechanically from code
that *is* used.  Is there a tool out there that will slurp in a number of
packages, identify all the global names then remove those that it determines
are referenced?  (Yes, I know it's impossible to do this in general.  We
have one very restricted exec statement and no eval() calls, so I'm not too
worried about that sort of obfuscation.)

Thx,

Skip


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 11:54:54 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 08:54:54 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>
References: <1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f255dd3a7fa689198969c@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1153151694.674061.133510@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> > I fail to see an example that would support such a claim.
> >
> > On the other hand, UPDATE can assign any value to any field of any
> > record, so it's doing exactly what an assignment does. INSERT/DELETE can
> > create resp. destroy records, which is what new and delete operators
> > would do.
> >
> > I must really be missing the point.
>
> I *think* I understand Marshall here.  When you are saying "assignment",
> you mean assignment to values of attributes within tuples of the cell.
> When Marshall is saying "assignment", he seems to mean assigning a
> completely new *table* value to a relation; i.e., wiping out the entire
> contents of the relation and replacing it with a whole new set of
> tuples.  Your assignment is indeed less powerful than DML, whereas
> Marshall's assignment is more powerful than DML.

Exactly.


Marshall



From zxo102 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 10:18:36 2006
From: zxo102 at gmail.com (zxo102)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 07:18:36 -0700
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
Message-ID: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi everyone,
    I am using a python socket server to collect data from a socket
client and then control a image location ( wxpython) with the data,
i.e. moving the image around in the wxpython frame.
   But  the "app.MainLoop()" in wxpython looks like conflicting with
the "while 1:" in socket server. After I commented the
"app.MainLoop()", everything is working except two things:
     1. if I click anywhere on the screen with the mouse, the image is
gong and only the empty frame( or panel) is left.
     2. if I don't  touch anything, the image is being moved around but
the previous images are left behind in the panel.
    I guess that may be caused by "app.MainLoop()" commented.
   Anybody knows how to make the two things work together? I really
appreciate your help.
   My sample code is modified based on the wxpython demo: image.py.
socket client is also attached for your reference.

Ouyang

################ socket server with wxpython ##############

from Main import opj
import wx,string
class MMCS(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self):
        self.bmp = wx.Image(opj('bitmaps/image.bmp'),
wx.BITMAP_TYPE_BMP)
        self.bmp.SetMask(True)
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, title='monitoring system',
size=(500,600))
        self.panel = wx.Panel(self,-1)

    def monitor(self,x,y,angle):
        bmp = self.bmp.Rotate(angle, (x,y), True,None)
        bmp = bmp.ConvertToBitmap()

        wx.StaticBitmap(self.panel, -1, bmp, (x, y), (bmp.GetWidth(),
bmp.GetHeight()))
        del bmp

app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = MMCS()
frame.Show()
frame.monitor(50,10,0.0)
#app.MainLoop()

# Server program
from socket import *
# Set the socket parameters
host = "192.168.0.2"
port = 21567
buf = 1024
addr = (host,port)

# Create socket and bind to address
UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
UDPSock.bind(addr)

# Receive messages
while 1:
	data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
	if not data:
		print "Client has exited!"
		break
	else:
		print "\nReceived message '", data,"'"
                         d = string.split(data, '-')

frame.monitor(string.atoi(d[0]),string.atoi(d[1]),string.atof(d[2]))
		if data == 'END':
			print "end of moving the ship"

# Close socket
UDPSock.close()

############# socket client ######################>
rom socket import *
import time

# Set the socket parameters
host = "192.168.0.2"
port = 21567
buf = 1024
addr = (host,port)

# Create socket
UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
def_msg = "===Enter message to send to server===";
print "\n",def_msg

# Send messages
while (1):
          for i in range(100):
               time.sleep(1)
	   data = "50-100-%s"%(0.1*i)
	   if(UDPSock.sendto(data,addr)):
		print "Sending message '",data,"'....."
# Close socket
UDPSock.close()



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul  2 02:46:11 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 16:46:11 +1000
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
In-Reply-To: <ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>

On 2/07/2006 3:48 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <44A6DD6E.5000502 at lexicon.net>,
>  John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
> 
>> -u unbuffers sys.stdout 
>> and sys.stderr (and makes them binary, which wouldn't be a good idea on 
>> a Windows box).
> 
> Why not?

If binary, '\n' would appear as LF alone rather than CR LF.


From rganesan at myrealbox.com  Thu Jul 13 01:46:47 2006
From: rganesan at myrealbox.com (Ganesan Rajagopal)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:16:47 +0530
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B5CC2E.7040005@anansispaceworks.com>
Message-ID: <xkvhlkqym4zc.fsf@grajagop-lnx.cisco.com>

>>>>> "Terry" == Terry Hancock <hancock at anansispaceworks.com> writes:

> Note that it is trivial to catch collisions on entry and correct them:

> key = hash(url_string)
> i      = 0
> if d.has_key(key):
>    while d.has_key(key):
>        i += 1

hash is a number. It's sufficient to do

while d.has_key(key):
    key += 1
   
> I am a little surprised that hash(hash(s)) == hash(s), is that actually
> true?

>>> hash(42)
42

Ganesan

-- 
Ganesan Rajagopal



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:15:50 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 11:15:50 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
References: <7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
Message-ID: <1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
> > imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
> > is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
> > more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?
>
> Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.

Okay, sure. Nice explanation.

But one minor point: you describe this as an issue with "imperative"
languages. But aliasing is a problem associated with pointers,
not with assignment. One can have assignment, or other forms
of destructive update, without pointers; they are not part of the
definition of "imperative." (Likewise, one can have pointers without
assignment, although I'm less clear if the aliasing issue is as
severe.)


Marshall



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Mon Jul 10 18:17:40 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 00:17:40 +0200
Subject: Tkinter binding and keyboard hardware settings (WinXP)
In-Reply-To: <1152568755.620699.111560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152568755.620699.111560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8ujls$soa$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>

apriebe47 at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I have created a simple canvas in Tkinter to display a number of
> PhotoImages, I then bind a key (in my case, <Up>) to start a loop that
> plays through a list of PhotoImages to make it an animation of sorts.
> What I noticed is, after holding down the key for a certain time, it
> would not loop through all 6 animations, instead it would just go
> through the first 2 and reset it self. I changed the key bind to
> Button-1 and did not encounter this problem. I then went into my
> keyboard hardware settings and changed the repeat rate to the longest
> delay and the repeat delay to the longest delay. This improved it some
> what, but I don't think it is practical to do this everytime I start up
> the program. My question is, is there a way to bind a key so as to make
> it ignore the keyboard's delay and repeat rate settings? Here's the
> code just so you can get an idea:
> 
> # GIF Animation Test
> 
> from Tkinter import *
> from time import sleep
> 
> class GIF:
>     def __init__(self, root):
>         self.root = root
>         self.canvas = Canvas(root, bg="white", width=225, height=200)
>         self.canvas.pack()
>         self.cronoUpImageList =[
>          "cronoup1.gif", "cronoup2.gif", "cronoup3.gif",
>          "cronoup4.gif", "cronoup5.gif", "cronoup6.gif"]
>         self.gifImage = PhotoImage(file=self.cronoUpImageList[0])
>         self.cronoDefUp = PhotoImage(file="cronodefup.gif")
>         self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100, image=
>                                                       self.cronoDefUp)
>         self.canvas.bind("<Up>", self.keyboardPrsUp)
>         self.canvas.bind("<Down>", self.keyboardRlsUp)
> 
>     def keyboardPrsUp(self, event):

           currentTime = ...
           if( currentTime - self.timeOfLastKeyPush < self.minDelay):
             pass
           else:
             self.timeOfLastKeyPush = currentTime
             ...

>         self.canvas.delete(self.drawImage)
>         self.counter = 0
>         self.killEvent = False
>         while self.killEvent != True:
>             print self.cronoUpImageList[self.counter]
>             self.gifImage =
> PhotoImage(file=self.cronoUpImageList[self.counter])
>             self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100,
> image=
>                                                       self.gifImage)
>             self.counter = self.counter + 1
>             if self.counter > 5:
>                 self.counter = 0
>             self.canvas.update()
>             sleep(.05)
> 
> 
>     def keyboardRlsUp(self, event):
>         self.counter = 0
>         self.killEvent = True
>         self.canvas.delete(self.drawImage)
>         self.drawImage = self.canvas.create_image(112.5, 100, image=
>                                                       self.cronoDefUp)
> 
> 
> root = Tk()
> root.title("GIF Animation Test")
> app = GIF(root)
> root.mainloop()
> 

What about simple tracking of time (see above NOT tested rough draft) in 
the keyboardPrsUp and keyboardRlsUp functions, so, that events raised 
earlier than after a specified delay period will just become ignored?

Claudio Grondi


From slomojo83 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 20:05:22 2006
From: slomojo83 at gmail.com (Josiah Manson)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 17:05:22 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
Message-ID: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
nested function doesn't work either.

But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
of this helper function.

I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
offending code is below. Thanks.

def breakLine(s):
	"""Break a string into a list of words and symbols.
	"""
	def addTok():
		if len(tok) > 0:
			ls.append(tok)
			tok = ''

	ls = []
	tok = ''
	splitters = '?()&|:~,'
	whitespace = ' \t\n\r'

	for c in s:
		if c in splitters:
			addTok()
			ls.append(c)
		elif c in whitespace:
			addTok()
		else:
			tok = tok + c

	addTok()

	return ls

#some tests to make sure it works
print breakLine('carolina(Prada):cat(X,Y)')
print breakLine('trouble :bird (X ) &cat ( Y )')
print breakLine('?trouble')



From martin at v.loewis.de  Wed Jul  5 14:54:11 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 20:54:11 +0200
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151506510.391856.207460@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7569.1151507724.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151514404.954008.282280@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>

Filipe wrote:
> They do, in fact, output different values. The value outputed by
> pyscripter was "135" (x87) while the value outputed in the command line
> was "216" (xd8). I can't understand why though, because the script
> being run is precisely the same on both environments.

That's indeed surprising, and doesn't really increase trust into
pymssql.

If we look at the values of

>     print ord(row[1][4])
(where row is the actual data read from the database)

we get

> The values outputed were, in pyscripter:
> 135

Here, 135==0x87 really is LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA in
code page 850.

> and in the command line
> 216

216==0xd8 is not LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA in any
encode I know, so it appears that this value is bogus.
One would have to ask the authors of pymssql, or Microsoft,
why that happens; alternatively, you have to run pymssql
in a debugger to find out yourself.

Regards,
Martin


From max at alcyone.com  Mon Jul 10 23:32:25 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:32:25 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <nKSdnXtZvoVXhi7ZnZ2dnUVZ_uydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

alimoe wrote:

>> Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?
> 
> whats the difference?

Genetic algorithms usually involve the manipulation of bit strings. 
Genetic programming usually involves more program-like constructs, such 
as Lisp s-expressions.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Most men do not mature, they simply grow taller.
    -- Leo Rosten


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 14:30:06 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 11:30:06 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Frank Millman a ?crit :
> > Paddy wrote:
> >
> >>Hi,
> >>I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
> >>int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
> >>explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
> >>similar circumstances.
> >>
> >
> >
> > There has just been a long thread about this. I think I understand it
> > now. Here is my explanation.
> >
> > Ignoring nested scopes for this exercise, references to objects (i.e.
> > variable names) can exist in the local namespace or the global
> > namespace. Python looks in the local namespace first, and if not found
> > looks in the global namespace.
> >
> > Any name assigned to within the function is automatically deemed to
> > exist in the local namespace, unless overridden with the global
> > statement.
>
> And this even of the local bindings sequentially comes after another
> access to the name, ie:
>
> g = 0
>
> def fun():
>    x = g # UnboundLocalError here
>    g += 1
>    return x
>
> > With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
> > deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
> > get Unbound Local Error.
>
> Right
>
> > With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to,
> Right
>
> >  as it
> > is mutable.
>
> n is effectively mutable, but this is totally irrelevant. In your
> snippet, n is not 'assigned to', it's "mutated" (ie a state-modifying
> method is called). The snippet:
>
> n[0] = n[0] + 1
>
> is syntactic sugar for
>
> n.__setitem__(0, n.__getitem__(0) + 1)
>
> IOW, it's just method calls on n.

So,
An assignment statement may assign an object to a name, in which case
the name is 'tagged' as being local,
An assignment statement may mutate a mutable object already bound to a
name, in which case the assignment will not 'tag' the name as  being
local.

I guess Bruno, you mean irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects
can have their state modified; if n has a mutable value but the
assignment statement changed the object referred to by n, then the name
would be tagged as local'?

- Peace,  Paddy.



From antroy at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 16:18:51 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 13:18:51 -0700
Subject: Smaple of recursive directory walker
In-Reply-To: <u4dnc21j78j31fj6ud6ndj338lha636ol1@4ax.com>
References: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>
	<1154199663.309953.88020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<u4dnc21j78j31fj6ud6ndj338lha636ol1@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154290731.742465.207920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Traveler wrote:
> yes this is great i will work from that but how can i use say a list
> to pass 10 words?
>
> mylist = ['word1','word2','word3','word4']
...
> >for root, dirs, files in os.walk('~/mydir'):
> >    for file in [f for f in files if f.endswith(".txt")]:
> >        fh = open(file)
> >        for line in fh:
> >            # Search for words.
> >        fh.close()

The following will allow you to search a line of text for one of a list
of words.

import re

line = "line of text"
mylist = ["bogus", "text", "here"]

p = re.compile(r"\b(%s)\b" % '|'.join(mylist))
m = p.search(line)
if m: print "Found %s" % m.group(1)

Alternatively, the following will give a list of all words in a string
that appear in the list:

words_found = [word for word in re.split(r"\W+", line) if word in
mylist]



From richie at entrian.com  Fri Jul 14 10:17:20 2006
From: richie at entrian.com (Richie Hindle)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:17:20 +0100
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
In-Reply-To: <1152886000.551881.150290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152886000.551881.150290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <hn9fb2dbf6s64malugo3oedo85v06557b8@4ax.com>


[Etayki]
> OK, so it it turns out, the window will maximize when SW_MAXIMIZE =3.
> But where can I find some documentation for that?

ShowWindow is a Win32 API call, so Googling within msdn.microsoft.com will
usually get you straight to the relevant documentation:

http://www.google.com/search?q=ShowWindow+site%3Amsdn.microsoft.com

-- 
Richie Hindle
richie at entrian.com


From Michel.Al1 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 18:19:47 2006
From: Michel.Al1 at gmail.com (k0mp)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:19:47 -0700
Subject: how to trace threads ?
Message-ID: <1152137987.603471.315230@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
First, sorry for the dumb question. I'm trying to find out how to trace
threads. There is a settrace function in the threading module but I
can't figure out how to use it. Is there someone who can show me a
sample ?

Thanks,
Kathan



From gamedev at fancy.org  Fri Jul 14 19:29:37 2006
From: gamedev at fancy.org (Tom Plunket)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:29:37 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>
	<poudnVvPhYLbQivZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <rq9gb2tfq3mccvfvtdki2n5jkbebidtct0@4ax.com>

Erik Max Francis wrote:

> > For enrichment purposes, is there a way to do this sort of thing with
> > a generator?  E.g. something like:
> > 
> > def SentenceGenerator():
> >    words = ['I', 'have', 'been', 'to', 'the', 'fair']
> >    for w in words: 
> >       yield w
> > 
> > message = "%s %s %s %s"
> > 
> > print message % SentenceGenerator()
> > 
> > (I ask because the above doesn't work)?
> 
> Use tuple(SentenceGenerator()).  A generator is just another object, so 
> using it with the % operator tries to substitute it at one value.  (Even 
> with this fix, though, your message didn't have enough formatters.)

I know that the message didn't have enough formatters, that's why I
asked.  (Although I would have assumed that the generator would get
automatically converted to a sequence that was consumable by the
interpolation operator...)

When using a generator via .next(), there's no requirement that it is
used until it is exhausted.  E.g.

  def NewId():
     v = 0
     while 1:
        yield v
        v += 1

  NextId = NewId().next

  BUTTON_OK = NextId()
  BUTTON_CANCEL = NextId()
  BUTTON_YAY = NextId()

Hence my question being "something like" rather than "something
equivalent to".  Alas, little did I know that the answer I was looking
for was not even up the same path.

-tom!


From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:42:33 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:42:33 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
Message-ID: <1151995352.941460.255230@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

Am looking for a python script that can convert fileformats to txt
format. Am unable to find anything in python. Currently the InfoCon
projects looks pretty good to use, but it is return in java.

Thanks and Regards,
Gaurav Agarwal



From ian at excess.org  Fri Jul 14 21:39:40 2006
From: ian at excess.org (Ian Ward)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 21:39:40 -0400
Subject: ANN: Urwid 0.9.5 - Console UI Library
Message-ID: <44B8475C.8000302@excess.org>

Announcing Urwid 0.9.5
----------------------

Urwid home page:
   http://excess.org/urwid/

Tarball:
   http://excess.org/urwid/urwid-0.9.5.tar.gz


About this release:
===================

This release adds support for the alternate character set with DEC 
special and line drawing characters.  Urwid will now display these 
characters properly in almost all terminals and encodings.  This change 
also opens the door to future support for ISO-2022 encodings with 
switching character sets.

A new example program was added to demonstrate Urwid's graphics widgets, 
  two new widget types were introduced, existing widgets were improved 
and bugs were fixed.


New in this release:
====================

   - Some Unicode characters are now converted to use the G1 alternate
     character set with DEC special and line drawing characters.  These
     Unicode characters should now "just work" in almost all terminals
     and encodings.

     When Urwid is run with the UTF-8 encoding the characters are left
     as UTF-8 and not converted.

     The characters converted are:
     \u00A3 (?), \u00B0 (?), \u00B1 (?), \u00B7 (?), \u03C0 (?),
     \u2260 (?), \u2264 (?), \u2265 (?), \u23ba (?), \u23bb (?),
     \u23bc (?), \u23bd (?), \u2500 (?), \u2502 (?), \u250c (?),
     \u2510 (?), \u2514 (?), \u2518 (?), \u251c (?), \u2524 (?),
     \u252c (?), \u2534 (?), \u253c (?), \u2592 (?), \u25c6 (?)

   - New SolidFill class for filling an area with a single character.

   - New LineBox class for wrapping widgets in a box made of line-
     drawing characters.  May be used as a box widget or a flow widget.

   - New example program graph.py demonstrates use of BarGraph, LineBox,
     ProgressBar and SolidFill.

   - Pile class may now be used as a box widget and contain a mix of box
     and flow widgets.

   - Columns class may now contain a mix of box and flow widgets. The box
     widgets will take their height from the maximum height of the flow
     widgets.

   - Improved the smoothness of resizing with raw_display module.  The
     module will now try to stop updating the screen when a resize event
     occurs during the update.

   - The Edit and IntEdit classes now use their set_edit_text(..) and
     set_edit_pos(..) functions when handling keypresses, so those
     functions may be overridden to catch text modification.

   - The set_state(..) functions in the CheckBox and RadioButton classes
     now have a do_callback parameter that determines if the callback
     function registered will be called.

   - Fixed a newly introduced incompatibility with python < 2.3.

   - Fixed a missing symbol in curses_display when python is linked against
     libcurses.

   - Fixed mouse handling bugs in the Frame and Overlay classes.

   - Fixed a Padding bug when the left or right has no padding.


About Urwid
===========

Urwid is a console UI library for Python. It features fluid interface
resizing, UTF-8 support, multiple text layouts, simple attribute markup,
powerful scrolling list boxes and flexible interface design.

Urwid is released under the GNU LGPL.








From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 17 11:25:11 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:25:11 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-17, Cameron Laird <claird at lairds.us> wrote:

>>> works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection. so,
>>> what i need is something that will let me know if the
>>> connection is still ok, if not will reconnect.
>>
>>If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
>>socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
>>socket will raise an exception.
>>
>>> what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain
>>> port one at a time, that i could use a try-except to connect
>>> every time, if it could not connect (because it already is)
>>> then i would just continue on. But if it is not connected, it
>>> would reconnect. that is what brings me here. Seems like it
>>> would work, but is there a better way?
>>
>>I don't see why the normal send() and recv() semantics aren't
>>sufficient.
> 			.
> 			.
> 			.
> Often normal send() and recv() semantics have been mistaught.
> An alert alien, looking at other common APIs in isolation, 
> might reasonably wonder whether there is some sort of 
> still_ok_to_use() sort of check as part of TCP.  As it happens,
> of course, that doesn't fit with the rest of socket networking,
> which takes the "modernist" approach of trying send() or recv(),
> and reporting any exception.

On most Unices there are some obscure API features that can be
used to generate a SIGPIPE under some vaguely specified error
conditions (e.g. TCP keepalive timeout).  I've only read about
them and never tried to use them, since I couldn't see anything
in the description of the features that was any benefit over
the nomral send() and recv() usage.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Xerox your lunch
                                  at               and file it under "sex
                               visi.com            offenders"!


From robin at reportlab.com  Thu Jul 20 12:38:54 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:38:54 +0100
Subject: strange error when importing a module
In-Reply-To: <44BFA99D.5090101@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>
References: <44BFA99D.5090101@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>
Message-ID: <44BFB19E.4040701@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

Robin Becker wrote:
> I'm trying to understand the following strangeness
> 
> C:\code\rlextra\ers>python
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>  >>> from rlextra.utils.SimpleXMLRPCServer import SimpleXMLRPCServer
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>    File "c:\code\rlextra\utils\SimpleXMLRPCServer.py", line 148, in ?
>      import pydoc
>    File "C:\Python\lib\pydoc.py", line 54, in ?
>      import sys, imp, os, re, types, inspect, __builtin__
>    File "C:\Python\lib\inspect.py", line 31, in ?
>      import sys, os, types, string, re, dis, imp, tokenize, linecache
>    File "C:\Python\lib\tokenize.py", line 38, in ?
>      COMMENT = N_TOKENS
> NameError: name 'N_TOKENS' is not defined
> 
> SimpleXMLRPCServer.py is a legacy version of the current SimpleXMLRPCserver 
> code. I don't think there's anything special about it and as a standalone script 
> it appears to work fine (ie it seems to compile and run).
> 
> Any ideas?
grrrh I think we have a relative module import of token somewhere

-- 
Robin Becker



From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 18:48:18 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:48:18 -0300
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8402.1153502962.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnec6g1p.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8429.1153669301.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecd1ha.q9d.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <14d04ra0wrk0h.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 17:59:22, Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> My view is: I ask for help on a public forum. I get what I get... and if
>> I consider that someone who responded with something that's not
>> immediately helpful has a potential to help me better, I try to get in
>> a dialog and address what has been suggested, carving out my real
>> problem in the idiom of that person. This is my responsibility -- after
>> all, I'm the one who wants to learn how that person would solve my
>> problem. Later then I can try to separate what I want to use from that
>> solution from what I consider personal preference of the helping
>> person.
> 
> It all depends. If that person is one of many that responded, I may
> think it is not worth my time to find out how this particular person
> would solve my problem. If he seems to be the only one who has a clue I
> may be more inclined to get that dialog started.

Exactly. If there are people more tuned into your channel, that's where
you're more inclined to go. If not, you tune into some other's channel. 


>> It's like if you want good stock advice from your uncle, who's
>> experienced in the matter but very formal, ask him without using the
>> f*** word. You can use it when asking your other uncle, who's also
>> experienced but doesn't really care about formalities. Tune in if you
>> want a good channel...
> 
> That is one side of the coin. The other side is that if the formal uncle
> is heard a lot without someone contradicting him from time to time, then
> all the newbies will think that formal is the way to go, creating a lot
> more people who are somewhat uptight. causing a lot of time to go into
> getting things formal instead of solving the problem. 

"So what?", I'm inclined to ask <g>  If someone does something without
knowing why, I'm not really bursting of sympathy. In real life, I've found
that there isn't that much I have to invest to get the channel clean, so to
speak. And where I think it's too much, I don't do it. I don't see much of
a difference here. 

You definitely have a point in that some of that is not necessary. But
then... there's so much in a typical communication situation that is not
(objectively) necessary :)


>> To apply that to your example... If there's no particular reason to
>> write "number != 0", then just repost the problem code with "number"
>> instead and you're done. But if there's a reason, try to set up your
>> example code so it shows that reason.
> 
> This goes against the advise that is given here and in other language and
> programming groups: If you have a problem with particular behaviour (a
> bug) reduce your program to the minimal that still produces the trouble
> some behaviour. 

Right... why against that? The minimal and communicable piece of code that
shows the problem. That's what I'm saying. To apply that to the example: if
the difference between the two styles is not relevant and "number" alone is
enough to reproduce the problem, post the code using "number". If "number
!= 0" is necessary to reproduce the problem, add some code that shows /why/
you have to use "number != 0" and can't use the simple "number". It may be
part of the problem.

 
> Sure, but it seems there are people who can tangle the problem without
> knowing whether or not there is a reason. They just look at the code
> and figure out what it does, whithout bothering about how it should
> look like and in the end that is the most helpfull attitude. 

Sometimes. Sometimes digging deeper may be helpful, too. But nobody's
perfect anyway, so just pick up what suits you :)

Gerhard



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 16:31:09 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:31:09 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013046.425705.128980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DA6D46595Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154020628.449917.229370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8669.1154109375.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154118669.174663.135590@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> I'd like to put my understanding over here and would be happy if people can
> correct me at places.
ok :-)

> So here it goes:
> Firstly the code initializes the number of threads. Then it moves on to
> initializing requestQueue() and responseQueue().
> Then it moves on to thread_pool, where it realizes that it has to execute the
> function run().
> >From NUMTHREADS in the for loop, it knows how many threads it is supposed to
> execute parallelly.

right...

> So once the thread_pool is populated, it starts the threads.
> Actually, it doesn't start the threads. Instead, it puts the threads into the
> queue.

Neither.. it puts the threads into a list.  It "puts" the queues into
the thread - by passing them as arguments to the Thread constructor.

> Then the real iteration, about which I was talking in my earlier post, is done.
> The iteration happens in one go. And requestQueue.put(item) puts all the items
> from lRawData into the queue of the run().

It doesn't necessarily have put all the items into the queue at once.
The previous line starts all the threads, which immediately start
running
    while 1:
        item = request.get()
        ....

the default Queue size is infinite, but the program would still work
fine if the queue was fixed to say, 6 elements.  Now that I think of
it, it may even perform better... If you have an iterator that will
generate a very large number of items, and the function being called by
each thread is slow, the queue may end up growing to hold millions of
items and cause the system to run out of memory.

> But there, the run() already known its limitation on the number of threads.

run() doesn't know anything about threads.  All it knows is that it can
call request.get() to get an item to work on, and response.put() when
finished.

> No, I think the above statement is wrong. The actual pool about the number of
> threads is stored by thread_pool. Once its pool (at a time 3 as per this
> example) is empty, it again requests for more threads using the requestQueue()

The pool is never empty. The program works like a bank with 3 tellers.
Each teller knows nothing about any of the other tellers, or how many
people are waiting in the line.  All they know is that when they say
"Next!" (request.get()) another person steps in front of them.  The
tellers don't move, the line moves.

> And in function run(), when the item of lRawData is None, the thread stops.
> The the cleanup and checks of any remaining threads is done.

Yes, since each thread doesn't know anything about the rest of the
program, when you send it an empty item it knows to quit.  It would be
analogous to the bank teller saying "Next!" and instead of a customer,
the bank mananger steps forward to tell them that they can go home for
the day.

> Is this all correct ?

Mostly :)  When you understand it fully, you should look at the example
I showed you before.  It is essentially the same thing, just wrapped in
a class to be reusable.

-- 
- Justin



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul 25 06:11:28 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:11:28 +0200
Subject: dicts vs classes
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>

In <1153821590.452329.208790 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, Guyon Mor?e
wrote:

> I'm using simple classes as a container of named values and I'm
> instantiating a lot of them in a very short time.
> 
> i was wondering if there is any benefit in using dicts instead from a
> performance/memory usage point of view?

If you really have a memory problem read the documentation about
`__slots__`.  But I would only consider this if `a lot of` is several 100k
or millions of objects and the memory consumption really is a problem.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul  2 01:45:06 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 17:45:06 +1200
Subject: MySQLdb not updating rows
References: <1151500514.817456.65510@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e7u2ua$jie$1@online.de>
	<1151506244.690864.252850@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-DCA416.17450602072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1151506244.690864.252850 at d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
 "Bowen" <simon at xiano.co.uk> wrote:

>In article <e7u2ua$jie$1 at online.de>, Benjamin Niemann <pink at odahoda.de> 
>wrote:
>
>>Another side note: don't build your queries using (dumb) string formatting,
>>let the MySQLdb module do it for you.
>
>Thanks for that tip, it's a simple script that I am experimenting on,
>planning to build a custon gui for my database. It is defin[i]tely
>something for me to note in the future.

Best get into the habit of doing careful quoting NOW, not "in the 
future". Otherwise you will inadvertently leave yourself open to an SQL 
injection attack at some point in the future.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 08:41:34 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 05:41:34 -0700
Subject: Python with DyBase
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8611.1153999084.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8611.1153999084.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154004094.552320.288650@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Asem Eltaher wrote:
> Dear users,
> I use Python version 2.4.3 and DyBase Object Oriented Database.  These
> are the first three lines in my program:
>
> import os
> import sys
> import dybase
>
> I usually get the error message:  ImportError: DLL load failed. Kindly
> be informed that I have in the folder: C:\Python24\Lib the following DLL
> files:
> python23.dll
> python24.dll
> dybasedll.dll

Kindly be informed that some person or persons unknown has/have
committed a nonsense. You should have no DLLs in that directory.
1. Delete those DLLs.
2. Install the dybase package according to the instructions (if any)
3. If those DLLs reappear in that directory, delete them, stop
attempting to use the package, and ask for a refund :-)



From olepar at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 09:54:18 2006
From: olepar at gmail.com (Oleg  Paraschenko)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 06:54:18 -0700
Subject: dynamic unittest
In-Reply-To: <e9fbv9$eqg$00$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153115530.632171.81480@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fbv9$eqg$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153144458.239522.119690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hello Peter,

thanks a lot. I've overlooked this simple way to create the right
closure.

-- 
Oleg



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Fri Jul 28 02:27:18 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:27:18 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <000201c6b213$840e72e0$03000080@hendrik>


"Dennis Lee Bieber" <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> Wrote:

| On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:48:37 -0400, Jean-Paul Calderone
| <exarkun at divmod.com> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
|
| >
| > If a thread never performs any I/O operations, signal handlers will still
| > get invokes on the arrival of a signal.
| >
| I thought I'd qualified that scenario -- from the point of view of
| one OS I've programmed, where signals were only handled as part of the
| I/O system (or, in more general, as part of any /blocking/ system call
| from an application -- not even a <ctrl-c> would have an effect unless
| the application invoked a blocking call, or explicitly polled the signal
| bits of its task header)
| --

I have to support this - a processor is only doing one instruction at a time, if
its not a multi core device - and the only ways that the "operating system part"
of the system can get control back from the *user program part* of the system
are:

a) when the User makes an OS call (like blocking I/O, or any OS request)
b) when the user code is interrupted by some hardware thingy and the OS part
handles the interrupt.

So on a processor that does not have protected instructions - if an idiot writes
something to the following effect :

*instructions to disable interrupts*

followed by :

*instructions that go into an infinite loop AND that make no OS calls*

the whole bang shoot stops dead - Reset your machine...

Dennis - did your OS not have a ticker running?

- Hendrik




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 11 07:29:01 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:29:01 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> Thanks for the responses. The reason I want to change the name of the
> attribute is because it doesn't reflect the purpose of the attribute,
> anymore. The attribute was originally a string object, but not anymore.
> It is primarily a readability issue. There are also a few key
> attributes I don't want developers, including myself, fiddling with.
> Properties /accessors are good because they allow you to encapsulate
> attributes so you can change implementations at will. Some of you have
> argued I would have needed to change accessor names too if I had
> misnamed them earlier. It's hard to say. I find myself changing the
> names of attributes a lot more frequently than I do functions or
> methods. Choosing a crappy attribute name is effortless for me,
> especially during intense coding sessions. I usually realize I've
> choosing a crappy attribute name the next day, sometimes even later.
> However, I put a lot more effort into choosing method and function
> names, especially when I know it may likely be a public API. 

What you need to understand here is that in Python,
1/ methods *are* attributes
2/ every attribute whose name is not prefixed by a leading underscore is
considered part of the api ('__magic__' names being a special case).

So it has nothing to do with "data vs method" dichotomy (which makes no
sens in a languages where functions and methods are objects), only with
"API vs implementation". You choosed a crappy name for an attribute
that's part of the API, so it's *exactly* the same case as if you had
chosen a crappy name for a public method in Java. Think of public "data"
attributes as magical getter/setters with the most straightforward
behaviour, and of properties as the way to override this default behaviour.

> Plus it's
> really hard to choose crappy accessor name. 

What about getMyCrappyAttributeName/setMyCrappyAttributeName ?-)



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 13:55:52 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 10:55:52 -0700
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8178.1152895653.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7LydnbSDfZ_hTSrZnZ2dnUVZ_tudnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <1152899752.598322.126410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

That is why we have PEPs and people who read forums and, of course,
GvR.

At this point it seems that Python is mainstream enough that it
probably shouldn't be modified too much but it is also 'fresh' enough
to accept some modifications and new ideas.

The bottom line is that the more people are involved the better. Some
will suggest crazy new stuff that they might have seen in ML or C# and
there will be others who will tell them they are way out there and
Python doesn't need that stuff. In other words we need bold inovators
and more conservative people. After some debate and discussion a
reasonable, good middle ground will be reached.

Regards,
Nick V.

A.M. Kuchling wrote:
> On Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:45:07 +0200,
> 	Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> > bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> >
> >> This attitude may have some downsides. The Python developers don't know
> >> everything, other people can have some experience of computer languages
> >> too.
> >
> > "some experience of computer languages" != "experience of language
> > design and implementation"
> >
> > as long as most of the traffic on py3k is bikeshed stuff and hyper-
> > generalizations, most people who do hard stuff will spend their time
> > elsewhere.
>
> Paul Prescod once wrote in c.l.py:
>
>       If Python strays into trying to be something completely new it will
>       fail, like Scheme, K and Smalltalk. There are both technical and
>       sociological reasons for this. If you stray too far technically, you
>       make mistakes: either you make modelling mistakes because you don't
>       have an underlying logical model (i.e. C++ inheritance) or you make
>       interface mistakes because you don't understand how your new paradigm
>       will be used by real programmers.
>
>       Let research languages innovate. Python integrates.
>
> If Python 3000 turns into a let's-try-all-sorts-of-goofy-new-ideas
> language, at least some of those ideas will turn out to have been
> mistakes, and then we'll need a Python 3000++ to clean things up.
> 
> --amk



From girish at it.usyd.edu.au  Tue Jul 11 22:44:54 2006
From: girish at it.usyd.edu.au (girish at it.usyd.edu.au)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:44:54 +1000
Subject: How to generate all substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <1152668769.44b454613a880@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b4444d$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152668769.44b454613a880@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>
Message-ID: <1152672294.44b462261944f@www-mail.usyd.edu.au>

Quoting girish at it.usyd.edu.au:

> Quoting Bruno Desthuilliers <bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr>:
>
> > girish at it.usyd.edu.au a ?crit :
> > > Hi,
> > >  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length
> > >=2.
> > > Also,
> > > each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and
> vice
> > > versa.
> > >  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'],
> ['c',
> > > 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
> > >  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'],
> ['abc',
> > > 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd',
> > 'c'],
> > > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> > > 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
> > >
> > >  I've tried the following but i cant prevent duplicates and i'm
> > missing
> > > some substrings:
> > >
> > >
> > >>>>colocn = 'abcd'
> > >>>>k = 4
> > >>>>for i in range(k-1):
> > >
> > >             for j in range(1,k):
> > >                 rule1 = [colocn[i:i+j],colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:]]
> > >                 rule2 = [colocn[:i]+colocn[i+j:],colocn[i:i+j]]
> > >                 rules.append(rule1)
> > >                 rules.append(rule2)
> > >
> > >>>>rules
> > >
> > > [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['abc',
> 'd'],
> > > ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad',
> 'bc'],
> > > ['bcd', 'a'], ['a', 'bcd'], ['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'], ['cd',
> 'ab'],
> > > ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['ab', 'cd']]
> > >
> > >
> > > Any ideas??
> >
> > Algorithmic problem.
> >
> > First, you need to get all permutations. This is a known algorithm,
> that
> > you'll find examples of on the net. Then for each permutation, list
> > possibles 'pair-splits'.
> >
> > Here's a (probably sub-optimal, but it's getting late here) possible
> > implementation in functional style:
> >
> > def rotate(lst):
> >      yield lst
> >      max = len(lst)
> >      for i in range(1, max):
> >          yield lst[i:] + lst[:-(max-i)]
> >
> > def permute(lst):
> >      if len(lst) > 2:
> >          for rotated in rotate(lst):
> >              head, tail = rotated[0], rotated[1:]
> >              for permuted in permute(tail):
> >                  yield [head] + permuted
> >      elif len(lst) == 2:
> >          yield lst
> >          yield lst[::-1]
> >      else:
> >          yield lst
> >
> > def splits(lst):
> >      for i in range(1, len(lst)):
> >          yield lst[0:i], lst[i:]
> >
> > def allsplits(lst):
> >      for permuted in permute(lst):
> >          for pair in splits(permuted):
> >              yield pair
> >
> > def listsubstrings(thestr):
> >      format = lambda pair: (''.join(pair[0]), ''.join(pair[1]))
> >      return [format(list(pair)) for pair in allsplits(list(thestr))]
> >
> >
> > print listsubstrings("abcd")
> >
>
> thanks Bruno....wanted to avoid permute function but i guess i've no no
> option :((...
> also there is some double counting in this one (all rules outputted
> twice)...i've to find out where...
A Recursive Attempt:
def gen(s):
    sList = [s[:i]+s[i+1:] for i in range(len(s))]
    substringList = sList
    s = sList
    while len(s[0]) != 1:
        substrings = []
        for string in s:
            sList = [string[:i]+string[i+1:] for i in range(len(string))]
            substrings.extend(sList)
        s = set(substrings)
        s = list(s)
        substringList.extend(s)
    print substringList
    return substringList
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> >
>
>
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------
> This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>




----------------------------------------------------------------
This message was sent using IMP, the Internet Messaging Program.


From jim at runfatbo.net  Wed Jul 19 03:44:28 2006
From: jim at runfatbo.net (Jim Jones)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 07:44:28 GMT
Subject: Text Summarization
Message-ID: <wplvg.2142$252.1328@tornado.rdc-kc.rr.com>

Is there  a Python library that would allow me to take a paragraph of text, 
and generate a one or two sentence summary of that paragraph?




From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 31 14:16:56 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:16:56 +0200
Subject: Problem with using unittest module
References: <1154366592.428900.302030@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ealhdk$s41$03$2@news.t-online.com>

Olivier Langlois wrote:

> I have the following statement in my test :
> 
> self.assertRaises(CDKeyException, ValidationObject.Validate,
> 1001,'NonExistantKey')
> 
> and the test fails as if assertRaises was not catching the thrown
> exception:
> 
> ======================================================================
> ERROR: test (DBLookupValidationTests.DBLookupValidationTests)
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File
> "C
\Dev\jade.r12sp\src\RVPackages\CDKey\Server\DBLookupValidationTests.py",
> line 64, in test
>     self.assertRaises(CDKeyException, ValidationObject.Validate,
> 1001,'NonExistantKey')
>   File "C:\tools\Python\lib\unittest.py", line 320, in failUnlessRaises
>     callableObj(*args, **kwargs)
>   File
> "C
\Dev\jade.r12sp\src/Services/local/Home\Scripts/system\CDKey\DBLookupValidation.py",
> line 69, in Validate
>     raise CDKeyException, self.logger.error(e) CDKeyException
> 
> Any idea what is happening?

Just a guess: you might have defined a CDKeyException twice...

Peter


From amk at amk.ca  Fri Jul 14 13:12:28 2006
From: amk at amk.ca (A.M. Kuchling)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 12:12:28 -0500
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8162.1152883032.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152889599.601570.30220@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8178.1152895653.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7LydnbSDfZ_hTSrZnZ2dnUVZ_tudnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

On Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:45:07 +0200, 
	Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> bearophileHUGS at lycos.com wrote:
> 
>> This attitude may have some downsides. The Python developers don't know
>> everything, other people can have some experience of computer languages
>> too.
> 
> "some experience of computer languages" != "experience of language 
> design and implementation"
> 
> as long as most of the traffic on py3k is bikeshed stuff and hyper- 
> generalizations, most people who do hard stuff will spend their time 
> elsewhere.

Paul Prescod once wrote in c.l.py:

      If Python strays into trying to be something completely new it will
      fail, like Scheme, K and Smalltalk. There are both technical and
      sociological reasons for this. If you stray too far technically, you
      make mistakes: either you make modelling mistakes because you don't
      have an underlying logical model (i.e. C++ inheritance) or you make
      interface mistakes because you don't understand how your new paradigm
      will be used by real programmers.

      Let research languages innovate. Python integrates.

If Python 3000 turns into a let's-try-all-sorts-of-goofy-new-ideas
language, at least some of those ideas will turn out to have been
mistakes, and then we'll need a Python 3000++ to clean things up.

--amk


From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Wed Jul  5 21:31:41 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 18:31:41 -0700
Subject: Virtual Private Servers (was Re: Out of the box database support)
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e8hp5t$9o0$1@panix3.panix.com>

In article <mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list at python.org>,
Terry Hancock  <hancock at anansispaceworks.com> wrote:
>
>I sympathize with the shared-hosting problem, that's a major pain.  I
>would say 'go find a virtual private hosting service', but my batting
>average is not so good with actual companies on that. I had one that
>was pretty decent, but then went out of business and now I'm with one
>that has rather poor-to-mediocre support and has been extraordinarily
>slow ("VPSLand", BTW).  I don't suppose anyone has better options? I
>was looking for somebody that would let me run Debian on a VPS.

http://www.panix.com/corp/virtuals/vservers.html

Unfortunately, it's not being as well advertised as it should be, but
Panix is definitely one of the class operators.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"I saw `cout' being shifted "Hello world" times to the left and stopped
right there."  --Steve Gonedes


From info at egenix.com  Mon Jul 10 10:59:36 2006
From: info at egenix.com (eGenix Team: M.-A. Lemburg)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:59:36 +0200
Subject: ANN: eGenix mxODBC Zope Database Adapter 1.0.10
Message-ID: <44B26B58.6050605@egenix.com>

________________________________________________________________________
ANNOUNCEMENT

                             EGENIX.COM

                     mxODBC Zope Database Adapter

                            Version 1.0.10

                 Usable with Zope and the Plone CMS.

                Available for Zope 2.3 through 2.10 on
            Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris and FreeBSD

________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION

The eGenix mxODBC Zope Database Adapter allows you to easily connect
your Zope or Plone installation to just about any database backend on
the market today, giving you the reliability of the commercially
supported eGenix product mxODBC and the flexibility of the ODBC
standard as middle-tier architecture.

The mxODBC Zope Database Adapter is highly portable, just like Zope
itself and provides a high performance interface to all your ODBC data
sources, using a single well-supported interface on Windows, Linux,
Mac OS X, Solaris and FreeBSD.

This makes it ideal for deployment in ZEO Clusters and Zope hosting
environments where stability and high performance are a top priority,
establishing an excellent basis and scalable solution for your Plone
CMS.

________________________________________________________________________
NEWS

We are pleased to announce a new version of our mxODBC Zope DA product.
The Zope DA now fully supports 64-bit ODBC. A problem with 64-bit
integers has been resolved in this release.

Also new in this release is support for the upcoming Zope 2.10. We
have successfully tested the mxODBC Zope DA with the latest beta
of the upcoming Zope version.

________________________________________________________________________
UPGRADING

If you have already bought mxODBC Zope DA 1.0.x licenses, you can use
these license for the 1.0.10 version as well. There is no need to buy
new licenses. The same is true for evaluation license users.

________________________________________________________________________
MORE INFORMATION

For more information on the mxODBC Zope Database Adapter, licensing
and download instructions, please visit our web-site:

    http://zope.egenix.com/

You can buy mxODBC Zope DA licenses online from the eGenix.com shop at:

    http://shop.egenix.com/

________________________________________________________________________

Thank you,
-- 
Marc-Andre Lemburg
eGenix.com

Professional Python Services directly from the Source  (#1, Jul 10 2006)
>>> Python/Zope Consulting and Support ...        http://www.egenix.com/
>>> mxODBC.Zope.Database.Adapter ...             http://zope.egenix.com/
>>> mxODBC, mxDateTime, mxTextTools ...        http://python.egenix.com/
________________________________________________________________________

::: Try mxODBC.Zope.DA for Windows,Linux,Solaris,FreeBSD for free ! ::::




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  1 05:28:33 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 11:28:33 +0200
Subject: using TreeBuilder in an ElementTree like way
In-Reply-To: <44A2176F.6080305@sil.org>
References: <44A2176F.6080305@sil.org>
Message-ID: <e85f7s$mo$1@sea.gmane.org>

Greg Aumann wrote:

> In reading the elementtree documentation I found the 
> ElementTree.TreeBuilder class which it says can be used to create 
> parsers for XML-like languages.

a TreeBuilder is a thing that turns a sequence of start(), data(), and 
end() method calls into an Element tree structure.

a Parser is a think that turns a sequence of feed() method calls into a 
stream of start(), data(), and end() method calls on a target object. 
the standard parsers all automatically uses a TreeBuilder instance as 
the default target.

unfortunately, the current ET release uses classes named XXXTreeBuilder 
also for the actual parsers, which is a bit confusing.  (the reason for 
this is historical; the separate TreeBuilder class is factored out from 
a couple of format-specific XXXTreeBuilder parsers, but the naming 
wasn't fully sorted out).

> Essentially I was trying to implement the following advice from Frederik 
> Lundh (Wed, Sep 8 2004 12:54 am):
>  > by the way, it's trivial to build trees from arbitrary SAX-style sources.
>  > just create an instance of the ElementTree.TreeBuilder class, and call
>  > the "start", "end", and "data" methods as appropriate.
>  >
>  >     builder = ElementTree.TreeBuilder()
>  >     builder.start("tag", {})
>  >     builder.data("text")
>  >     builder.end("tag")
>  >     elem = builder.close()

that's the intended use of the TreeBuilder class.

> but in another post he wrote (Wed, May 21 2003 2:56 am):
>  > usage:
>  >
>  >     from elementtree import ElementTree, HTMLTreeBuilder
>  >
>  >     # file is either a filename or an open stream
>  >     tree = ElementTree.parse(file, parser=HTMLTreeBuilder.TreeBuilder())
>  >     root = tree.getroot()
>  >
>  > or
>  >
>  >     from elementtree import HTMLTreeBuilder
>  >
>  >     parser = HTMLTreeBuilder.TreeBuilder()
>  >     parser.feed(data)
>  >     root = parser.close()

and this is the confusing naming; here, the HTMLTreeBuilder.TreeBuilder 
class is actually doing the parsing (which uses a TreeBuilder instance 
on the inside).

> This second one makes me think I should have implemented a parser class 
> using Treebuilder.

that's entirely up to you: the only real advantage of having a parser 
class is that you can pass it to any other module that uses the Python 
consumer interface:

     http://effbot.org/zone/consumer.htm

but if that's not relevant for your application, feel free to use a 
TreeBuilder directly.

> Also when I used return builder.close() in the code below it didn't return
 > an ElementTree structure but an _ElementInterface.

an Element, in other words (i.e. the thing returned by the Element 
factory in this specific implementation).  that's the documented 
behaviour; if you want an ElementTree wrapper, you have to wrap it yourself.

</F>



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 18:06:15 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:06:15 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> So why don't you get a freely available "bignum" package, throw away
> the bits you don' t want, and just compile it and use it, instead of
> writing your own bug-ridden (see below) routines? Oh yeah, the bignum
> package might use "long" and you think that you don't have access to
> 32-bit longs in the C compiler for the 8-bit device that you mistook
> for an arm but then said is an Smc8831 [Google can't find it] with a
> CPU that you think is a SC88 [but the manual whose URL you gave is for
> an S1C88] ...
> 

Thanks for the fixes - still looking at it.

You are correct, all "bignum" packages I found needed 32 bits.

Yes I still see from my documentation that there is no "long" handled by my
compiler.

I did make a mistake on the CPU (and I really do not care what it is) - you
wanted some ref (I still do not see why) and I googled S1C88 and sent you a
link as that is the name of the compiler's directory.

The reason I first came here was to not have to write my "... own
bug-ridden ..." (how nice) ... I have plenty of other bugs to write first.



> *** WHAT HAPPENS IF arg1 > arg2?

cmp is called first.

Regards,


Philippe





From grante at visi.com  Sun Jul 16 18:50:09 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 22:50:09 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-16, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:

> serverhost = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'
> serverport = 9520
> aeris_sockobj = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> aeris_sockobj.connect((serverhost,serverport))
>
> while 1:
>     do this or that with socket,
>     send and receive info.
>     yadda yadda yadda
>
> works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection. so,
> what i need is something that will let me know if the
> connection is still ok, if not will reconnect.

If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
socket will raise an exception.

> what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain
> port one at a time, that i could use a try-except to connect
> every time, if it could not connect (because it already is)
> then i would just continue on. But if it is not connected, it
> would reconnect. that is what brings me here. Seems like it
> would work, but is there a better way?

I don't see why the normal send() and recv() semantics aren't
sufficient.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm an East Side
                                  at               TYPE...
                               visi.com            


From john106henry at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 17:58:02 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:58:02 -0700
Subject: Can thread start other threads?
Message-ID: <1153259879.818215.103030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Can Python thread start threads?  It appears not.  When I do that, the
sub-threads gets to certain point and just sit there.  If I run the
code serially and not run the sub-thread code as threads, everything is
fine.

I throught the problem is when you run multiple processes of Pythons...



From deets at nospam.web.de  Fri Jul 21 03:39:14 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:39:14 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <1hisp5m.1v03d531bgoa8jN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hisp5m.1v03d531bgoa8jN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <4ibel2F31fceU1@uni-berlin.de>

Alex Martelli schrieb:
> danielx <danielwong at berkeley.edu> wrote:
> 
>>> ...and source code...
>> *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
> 
> <http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.htm>

Misses an l at the end:

http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.html

Diez


From andre.roberge at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 20:19:39 2006
From: andre.roberge at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?B?QW5kcuk=?=)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 17:19:39 -0700
Subject: Ann: Crunchy Frog 0.6
Message-ID: <1153527579.872096.171600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Crunchy Frog (version 0.6) has been released.

Crunchy Frog is an application that transforms an html-based Python
tutorial into an interactive session within a browser window.  The
interactive embedded objects include:
* a Python interpreter;
* a simple code editor, whose input can be executed by Python;
* a special "doctest" mode for the code editor;
* a graphics canvas which can be drawn upon using a simple api.
* simple sounds can be generated and played with all of the above.

A comprehensive set of examples are included in the package, as well
as two "standard Python tutorials" (mini-sorting HowTo, and regular
expression HowTo) which have been adapted for use with Crunchy Frog.

Requirements:
Python 2.4+ (it might work, but has not been tested with earlier
versions)
Elementtree; (a link is provided in the included docs)
Firefox 1.5+

The website address is http://crunchy.sourceforge.net
The files can be downloaded from
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=169458

Andr? and Johannes



From aisaac0 at verizon.net  Wed Jul 26 13:21:03 2006
From: aisaac0 at verizon.net (David Isaac)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:21:03 GMT
Subject: import from containing folder
References: <nyLxg.11448$yN3.708@trnddc04>
	<1153928975.924299.250180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <3wNxg.15497$2u4.15231@trnddc06>

Simon Forman wrote:
> I would assume (but I haven't checked) that this should work as long as
> delmepy (in your case PackageFolder) was somewhere on sys.path.

Sorry that was not clear:
I do not want to make any assumptions about
this particular package being on sys.path.
(I want a relative import, but cannot assume 2.5.)

Thanks,
Alan




From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sun Jul  9 13:48:19 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 17:48:19 GMT
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<1152460915.363598.268980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Djbsg.25339$Bh.18418@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"faulkner" <faulkner612 at comcast.net> wrote in message
news:1152460915.363598.268980 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com...
> you want a directory watching daemon. it isn't hard at all to build
> from scratch.
> first, determine which directories should be watched.
> then, os.walk each directory, building a mapping from filename to mtime
> [modified time; os.path.getmtime].
> next is your main event loop. this while loop consists of os.walk-ing
> each directory again, comparing the current mtime to the corresponding
> entry in the mapping. if they differ, or if a filename isn't in the
> mapping, something happened, at which point you can logick out whether
> a file was moved, deleted, changed, or created.
>
> so many folks have looked for this that i'll just write a generic one
> and put it in the cheeseshop. look for "dirmon" in about a week.
>
>

While I am a fan of "brute force"




From jo at durchholz.org  Wed Jul 12 15:37:39 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:37:39 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> I can see the lack of a formal model being an issue, but is the
>>> imperative bit really all that much of an obstacle? How hard
>>> is it really to deal with assignment? Or does the issue have
>>> more to do with pointers, aliasing, etc.?
>> Actually aliasing is *the* hard issue.
> 
> Okay, sure. Nice explanation.
> 
> But one minor point: you describe this as an issue with "imperative"
> languages. But aliasing is a problem associated with pointers,
> not with assignment.

Aliasing is not a problem if the aliased data is immutable.

 > One can have assignment, or other forms
> of destructive update, without pointers; they are not part of the
> definition of "imperative."

Sure.
You can have either of destructive updates and pointers without 
incurring aliasing problems. As soon as they are combined, there's trouble.

Functional programming languages often drop assignment entirely. (This 
is less inefficient than one would think. If everything is immutable, 
you can freely share data structures and avoid some copying, and you can 
share across abstraction barriers. In programs with mutable values, 
programmers are forced to choose the lesser evil of either copying 
entire data structures or doing a cross-abstraction analysis of who 
updates what elements of what data structure. A concrete example: the 
first thing that Windows does when accepting userland data structures 
is... to copy them; this were unnecessary if the structures were immutable.)

Some functional languages restrict assignment so that there can exist at 
most a single reference to any mutable data structure. That way, there's 
still no aliasing problems, but you can still update in place where it's 
really, really necessary.

I know of no professional language that doesn't have references of some 
kind.

Regards,
Jo


From runlevelten at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 06:58:53 2006
From: runlevelten at gmail.com (Ten)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 11:58:53 +0100
Subject: Configuring IDLE on Linux
In-Reply-To: <6f4842a0607132026jbec76b6hf804fe1deda6c649@mail.gmail.com>
References: <6f4842a0607132026jbec76b6hf804fe1deda6c649@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <200607151158.54063.runlevelten@gmail.com>

On Friday 14 July 2006 04:26, Satya Kiran wrote:
> Hello,
> I have upgraded to Python2.4 on my Red Hat 9.0 Linux box.
> I want to work with IDLE and ran a search to check it's presence.
>  Here is what I get.
>
> [root at localhost bin]# find / -iname idlelib
> /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
>
> [root at localhost bin]# cd /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib
> [root at localhost idlelib]# python PyShell.py
> ** IDLE can't import Tkinter.  Your Python may not be configured for Tk. **
>
> How do I resolve this and get IDLE working?
>
> thanks in advance,
> Kiran Satya

You need to install python's tkinter functionality separately in some 
RPM-based distros (suse and redhat off the top of my head).

Search your package repository for the package called python-tkinter (it may 
be named slightly differently on redhat - ie: python_tkinter, but whichever, 
that's the one)

HTH

Ten
-- 
There are 10 types of people in this world,
those who understand binary, and those who don't.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 00:18:54 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 21:18:54 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:

> >> 3. How does the device manage to compute the 8-decimal-digit number
> >> that is your input??????
>
> What device manager ? think about it before being rude
>

No device manager [noun] was mentioned. You may have inferred rudeness
where astonishment was being implied. I'll try again:

How does the [8-bit] device manage [verb, as in "how is it able"] to
compute the [32-bit] 8-decimal-digit number that is [split up one
decimal digit per array element thus becoming] your input??????



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Wed Jul 19 05:06:34 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:06:34 +1200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44bcaa47$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9kslh$lmn$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <44bcaa47$0$18293$636a55ce at news.free.fr>, Bruno Desthuilliers
wrote:

> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke
>> wrote:
>> 
>> 
>>>I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
>>>non-computer language):
>>>
>>>1. While list, pop.
>>>
>>>2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
>>>
>>>Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
>>>damned.
>>>:)
>> 
>> 
>> One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a
>> Boolean type, even if it doesn't.
> 
> Python has a boolean type.

A _proper_ boolean type would _have_ to be used in conditionals.

>> That means, never assume that arbitrary values
>> can be interpreted as true or false,
> 
> There's nothing to assume, and nothing arbitrary in it. It's all clearly
> defined in whole letters in the language references.

Not simply enough.

>> always put in an explicit comparison
>> if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
> 
> The fact that the expression is used in the context of a if statement is
> clearly enough to denote a boolean expression.

Which is an inconsistent use of the term "boolean" compared to your
statement above that "Python has a boolean type", is it not?

> Explicitly testing against a boolean is uselessly redundant...

Not sure this has anything with what I was saying.



From eurleif at ecritters.biz  Tue Jul 18 07:09:16 2006
From: eurleif at ecritters.biz (Leif K-Brooks)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 07:09:16 -0400
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <44bcc153$0$3672$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> Using xrange as somebody else suggested is also insane.

Sorry about that, I somehow got the misguided notion that xrange defines 
its own __contains__, so that it would be about the same speed as using 
comparison operators directly. I figured the OP might have a better 
reason for wanting to use range() than his post mentioned -- perhaps the 
range to check was being passed from a function, and it would be easier 
to pass an object than a tuple of lower and upper bound -- but since 
xrange does looping for a membership test, my suggestion was indeed insane.


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Thu Jul 27 15:43:47 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:43:47 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154027187.097327.94470@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1154023507.615198.110150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8628.1154024472.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154027187.097327.94470@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C91773.1040908@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> [...]
>   
>> I actually do use pickle (not for this, but for other things), could you
>> elaborate on the safety issue?
>>     
>
> >From http://docs.python.org/lib/node63.html :
>
>     Warning: The pickle module is not intended to be secure
>     against erroneous or maliciously constructed data. Never
>     unpickle data received from an untrusted or unauthenticated
>     source.
>
> A corrupted pickle can crash Python. An evil pickle could probably
> hijack your process.
>
>
>   
Ah, i the data is coming from someone else.  I understand.  Thanks.

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From NOSPAMjcampbel at neo.rr.com  Sat Jul 15 10:33:18 2006
From: NOSPAMjcampbel at neo.rr.com (jc)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 14:33:18 GMT
Subject: newbie graphing recommendations ?
In-Reply-To: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e89eha$uk0$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <O07ug.27451$vl5.25163@tornado.ohiordc.rr.com>

Adam wrote:
> Where should a py newbie start to do some 2D graphs on screen ? 
> 
> PythonGraphApi, 
> Gato, looks interesting 
> pygraphlib, 
> matplotlib, 
> 
> is there a best native Python place to start ? 
> 
> 
>         
If you are going to be in wxPython try the 'PyPlot.py' examples in the 
wxDemo.  You will need to read the source cos' there is no official 
documentation.  Matlibplot is also good but difficult because of all the 
options and lack of documentation API.


From not at valid.org  Fri Jul 28 14:27:29 2006
From: not at valid.org (yomgui)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 18:27:29 GMT
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org>
Message-ID: <44CA5711.B1BFB88B@valid.org>

I forgot the most important, I am looking for a non recursive method.

thanks

yomgui

yomgui wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I have a list of data (type A)
> my list can includes element of type A or a lists,
> these list can includes element of type A or a lists, and so on ...
> 
> is there a simple way to obtain a single list of all the elemets
> of type A ?
> 
> thanks
> 
> yomgui


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul  6 15:33:56 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 19:33:56 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44aceac2$0$22055$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-06, Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>> On 2006-07-05, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>> 
>>>>>>It's not about "finding a name/identifier", it's about the difference
>>>>>>between (re)binding a name and mutating an object.
>>>
>>>>AP> The two don't contradict each other. Python has chosen that it won't
>>>>AP> rebind variables that are out of the local scope. So if the lefthand
>>>>AP> side of an assignment is a simple name it will only search in the
>>>>AP> local scope for that name. But if the lefthand side is more complicated
>>>>AP> if will also search the outerscopes for the name.
>
> Now it's pretty clear you *don't* understand.
>
> In the second case, ie:
>
> k = [0]
> def f(i):
>   k[0] += i
>
> 'k[0]' is *not* a name. The name is 'k'. If we rewrite this snippet
> without all the syntactic sugar, we get something like:
>
> k = [0]
> def f(i):
>   k.__setitem_(0, k.__getitem__(0) + i)
>
> Now where do you see any rebinding here ?

What point do you want to make? As far as I can see, I
didn't write anything that implied I expected k to
be rebound in code like

  k[0] += i

So why are you trying so hard to show me this?

>>
>>>No. It will always use the same search order.
>> 
>> 
>> So if I understand you correctly in code like:
>> 
>>   c.d = a
>>   b = a
>> 
>> All three names 
>
> which ones ?
>
>> are searched for in all scopes between the local en global
>> one. 
>
> In this example, we're at the top level, so the local scope is the
> global scope. I assert what you meant was:

I'm sorry I should have been more clear. I meant it to be 
a piece of function code.

> c = something
> a = something_else
>
> def somefunc():
>   c.d = a
>   b = a
>
> (NB : following observations will refer to this code)
>
>> That is what I understand with your statement that [python] always
>> uses the same search order.
>
> yes.
>
>> My impression was that python will search for c and a in the total current
>> namespace
>
> what is "the total current namespace" ?
>
>> but will not for b.
>
> b is bound in the local namespace, so there's no need to look for it in
> enclosing namespaces.

Now could you clarify please. First you agree with the statement that python
always uses the same search order, then you state here there is no need
to look for b because it is bound to local namespace. That seems to
imply that the search order for b is different.

AFAIR my original statement was that the search for b was different than
the search for a; meaning that the search for b was limited to the local
scope and this could be determined from just viewing a line like "b = a"
within a function. The search for a (or c in a line like: "c.d = a")
is not limited to the local scope. 

I may see some interpretation where you may say that the search order
for b is the same as for a and c but I still am not comfortable with
it.

>>>But a variable that is bound
>>>inside the function (with an asignment) and is not declared global, is in
>>>the local namespace.
>>  
>> Aren't we now talking about implementation details?
>
> Certainly not. Namespaces and names lookup rules are fundamental parts
> of the Python language.

I don't see the contradiction. That Namespaces and names lookup are
fundamentel parts of the Python language, doesn't mean that 
the right behaviour can't be implemented in multiple ways and
doesn't contradict that a specific explanation depend on a specific
implementation instead of just on language definition.

>> Sure the compilor
>> can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
>> so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
>> decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
>> the scopes higher up.
>
> binding creates a name in the current namespace. b is bound in the local
> namespace, so b is local. period.

I wrote nothing that contradicts that.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 20 06:13:57 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 10:13:57 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8306.1153248693.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebs290.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8347.1153326862.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnebulr5.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-19, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>
> "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
> news:slrnebs290.ivs.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...

>> So IMV those preparation before the attachment, belong to
>> whatever the interpreter does before it actually attaches
>> an object to a name/slot.
>>
>> So the evaluation of the target is part of what is done by
>> STORE_SUBSCR or __setitem__.
>>
>> Now you can object to the fact that I have divided the work
>> within an opcode.
>
> But I won't.  The amount of duplication that can be factored out with 
> augmented assignment depends on the granularity of operations.

I can agree with that. But until now each time I tried to
suggest that the STORE_SUBSCR or __setitem__ are involved
in the evaluation of the target, I was told I shouldn't
look at things that way. 

> And the 
> granularity of operations depends on the interpreter.  Hence my claim that 
> the details are necessarily interpreter dependent.

Well my impression from reading the language reference is that
it suggests that a greater amount of duplication is factored out
than the granularity of the CPython implementation allows.

But since you already agreed that there is room for improvement
in the augmented assignment reference I will leave it at that.

I would like to thank everybody for their contributions, but I
think everything worth while has been said, so I will no longer
contribute to this thread.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul  4 12:18:29 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 16:18:29 -0000
Subject: fonction in python
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12al56lokt9mg67@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-04, aliassaf <assafal at ensieta.fr> wrote:

> But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
> it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
> hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
> that f (t)!!! 

Sort of.  There are a number of curve-fitting modules available
for Python as part of packages like ScyPy http://www.scipy.org/
and Scientific Python http://sourcesup.cru.fr/projects/scientific-py/

You generally have to provide the fitter with a function
"template" for which it can find the coefficients.  For
example, you tell the fitter that you want a polynomial of the
form  f(y) = Ax^2 + Bx + C, and the fitter will find the values
of A, B, C that best fit the data.

There are also commercial products that have lists of hundreds
of "templates" and will crunch through thme to find the ones
that provide the best fits.
 
-- 
Grant Edwards
grante at visi.com


From donxfabio at yahoo.gr  Mon Jul  3 08:37:03 2006
From: donxfabio at yahoo.gr (donxfabio)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 05:37:03 -0700
Subject: HTPPD eror on red hot linux
Message-ID: <1151930223.394490.256960@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Help me

Syntax error on line 189 of /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:
Cannot load /etc/httpd/modules/mod_unique_id.so into server:
/etc/httpd/modules/mod_unique_id.so: ELF file's phentsize not the
expected size
 Whats this?



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 03:41:58 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:41:58 -0700
Subject: locked file
In-Reply-To: <1154056512.921149.240760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153987211.032895.195950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013225.281847.222750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154056512.921149.240760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154072518.397957.250630@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Kirt wrote:
> By locked files i mean Outlook PST file while Outlook has it open
>
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > Kirt wrote:
> > > i have a code that backsup file from src to dest.
> > >  Now if some of the files are locked , i need to skip those files..
> > > I was trying to use fctl module but it can be used only in unix i
> > > suppose.
> > >
> > > is there anyother way? i am using windows os.
> >
> > What does locked mean in this case?  No read permissions? In use by
> > another program?
> >
> > I haven't used windows in a long time, and I wasn't aware that one
> > could lock files in it.
> >
> > Peace,
> > ~Simon

So what happens when you try to back that up while outlook is messing
with it?  What are you doing to back it up? Copying?

If all you want to do is skip it...  can't you try to copy it and then
when that doesn't work just skip it?



From lists at videonetwork.org  Fri Jul 28 09:27:29 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:27:29 +0100
Subject: Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
Message-ID: <1154093251.8407.22.camel@localhost.localdomain>

I have been going through Dive into Python which up to now has been
excellent.  I am now working through Chapter 9, XML Processing.  I am 9
pages in (p182) in the 'Parsing XML section.  The following code is
supposed to return the whole XML document (I have put ti at the end of
this email):

from xml.dom import minidom
 
xmldoc =
minidom.parse('/home/ben/diveintopython-5.4/py/kgp/binary.xml') 
grammerNode = xmldoc.firstChild
 
print grammerNode.toxml()

But it only returns:

<!DOCTYPE grammar
  PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
  'kgp.dtd'>

The next line is then 

grammerNode.childNodes

And it returns an empty tuples;(

Kind of stuck here as I don't really want to continue.  Has anyone any
idea what is going on?

Ben

binary.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC "-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro
v1.0//EN" "kgp.dtd">
<grammar>
<ref id="bit">
  <p>0</p>
  <p>1</p>
</ref>
<ref id="byte">
  <p><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref
id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref
id="bit"/></p>
</ref>
</grammar>






From petr.jakes at tpc.cz  Mon Jul 17 16:33:42 2006
From: petr.jakes at tpc.cz (=?windows-1250?Q?Petr_Jake=9A?=)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:33:42 +0200
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
In-Reply-To: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1948111080.20060717223342@tpc.cz>

J> Is there a Python packaging that is specifically for
J> embedded systems? ie, very small and configurable so the
J> user gets to select what modules to install?

J> For Linux-based embedded systems in particular?

J> I'm thinking of running it on the Linksys's Linux-based open
J> source router WRT54G. It has 4MB flash and 16MB RAM. I think
J> another model has 16MB flash. Any possibilities of running
J> Python on these systems?

You can run Python on the NSLU2 (Slug)
http://www.nslu2-linux.org/

sw packages:
http://www.nslu2-linux.org/wiki/Unslung/Packages

the best (IMHO) firmware:
http://www.nslu2-linux.org/wiki/DebianSlug/HomePage




From http  Tue Jul 18 07:49:19 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 04:49:19 -0700
Subject: wanting
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xodvnyvy8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"arsl89" <arsl89 at yahoo.com> writes:
> hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
> plz snd me the backup of python

Me too. </aol>


From eval.apply at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 18:07:08 2006
From: eval.apply at gmail.com (Joe Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 15:07:08 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Marshall wrote:
>
> Consider the following Java fragment:
>
> void foo() {
>   int i = 0;
>   int j = 0;
>
>   // put any code here you want
>
>   j = 1;
>   i = 2;
>   // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled in
> above.
>   // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.
>
> }

True, but you have hidden the pointers.  Semantically, the identifiers
i and j refer not to integers but to locations that hold integers.  The
assignment modifies the location.

> Those two local primitive variables cannot be made to have the same
> identity. But you can update them, so this is an example of mutability
> without the possibility of identity.

The identity is temporal:  You use the same variable name at two
different times.  Do you intend for the second `i' to mean the same
variable as the first `i'?



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 19 21:57:39 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 18:57:39 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <Xns9804579107864duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns9804579107864duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1153360659.000696.320790@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Duncan Booth wrote:
> danielx wrote:
>
> >>>> Foo.func = dan    # <-- Appearantly, something magical happens here,
> because...
> >>>> Foo.func
> ><unbound method Foo.dan>
> >>>> f = Foo.func
> >>>> f is dan               # <-- things begins to look suprising here.
> > False
> >>>> ismethod(f)
> > True
> >
> > Imagine my surprise. Why would Python do this?
> >
>
> Nothing magical happens at the point you said. The assignment is just an
> assignment and you saw that the function was stored unchanged when you
> looked in the class's dictionary.
>
> The magic happens when you access a member of a class or an instance. If
> the value is a descriptor then its __get__ method is called. Roughly
> speaking, Foo.func is equivalent to:
>
> >>> Foo.__dict__['func'].__get__(None, Foo)
> <unbound method Foo.dan>
>
> Python does this so that it can support other descriptor types such as
> property, classmethod, staticmethod.
>
> You can see this happening if you define your own descriptor:
>
> >>> class MyDesc(object):
>     def __get__(self, *args):
>         print "__get__ called", args
>         return None
>
>
> >>> d = MyDesc()
> >>> Foo.oops = d
> >>> Foo.oops
> __get__ called (None, <class __main__.Foo at 0x00B3F930>)
>
> http://docs.python.org/ref/descriptor-invocation.html has a description of
> this. Although it claims "Note that descriptors are only invoked for new
> style objects or classes (ones that subclass object() or type())." the
> descriptor mechanism is partially implemented for old style classes.
> Several aspects of descriptors don't work properly though in old-style
> classes which is one reason why you should always use new-style classes.
>
> > Privates don't have to be entirely absent from Klass.__dict__
> > (which would make Python not introspective); they can just be invisible
> > when using the dot-syntax.
>
> You could implement that using a data descriptor, but if you are going to
> prevent access to your private variables using the dot operator, then your
> code is going to look pretty silly with a lot of references to
> self.__dict__['theprivate'] which doesn't gain anything in readability over
> self.__theprivate.

I believe you are talking about the same thing as Leif, but I can't
quite tell. I'll need to read your paper as well :P.



From irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl  Tue Jul 18 08:50:19 2006
From: irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl (Irmen de Jong)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:50:19 +0200
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bcd912$0$31643$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

byteschreck at googlemail.com wrote:
> I love python - I use it as a utility language to complement my C#
> programming every day. However, the reason I do not use it as my
> primary language is - surprise, surprise - not its lack of static type
> checking, but the size of standalone executes  (which embed the python
> runtime).

Why not just install Python itself,
so that all of your python programs are only a few Kb each.
Because they all use the single shared installation.

--Irmen


From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:13:09 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:13:09 -0700
Subject: mod_python fails to load under wamp
Message-ID: <1152537189.364870.193550@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

Am using WAMP5 and python 2.4.3. I tried to install mod_python 3.2.5
for python2.4. When i tried starting wamp, Firstly there was no error
message in the apache error log. I saw error message in windows event
viewer :

"The Apache service named Apache.exe reported the following error:
>>> Syntax error on line 194 of c:/wamp/apache/conf/httpd.conf: <<<
 before the error.log file could be opened.

"The Apache service named Apache.exe reported the following error:
>>> Cannot load c:/wamp/apache/modules/mod_python.so into server: (126) The specified module could not be found: <<<
 before the error.log file could be opened."

I tried searching the net and found this
http://www.modpython.org/FAQ/faqw.py?req=all#2.10 but i don't have
depends.exe. if somebody has faced this problem before, can you please
assist in fixing this bug.. 

thanks and regards,
Gaurav Agarwal



From eval.apply at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 15:46:37 2006
From: eval.apply at gmail.com (Joe Marshall)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 12:46:37 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152906397.860152.312910@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Marshall wrote:
> Joe Marshall wrote:
> > Marshall wrote:
> > >
> > > Consider the following Java fragment:
> > >
> > > void foo() {
> > >   int i = 0;
> > >   int j = 0;
> > >
> > >   // put any code here you want
> > >
> > >   j = 1;
> > >   i = 2;
> > >   // check value of j here. It is still 1, no matter what you filled in
> > > above.
> > >   // The assignment to i cannot be made to affect the value of j.
> > >
> > > }
> >
> > True, but you have hidden the pointers.  Semantically, the identifiers
> > i and j refer not to integers but to locations that hold integers.  The
> > assignment modifies the location.
>
> What the implementation looks like shouldn't affect how we speak
> of the logical model. In the above code, there are no pointers.
>
> By your definition, "pointer" and "variable" are synonyms. That doesn't
> seem like a good idea to me. (What if i and j end up in registers?
> I have not heard it said that registers have addresses.)

You probably won't like this, but....

The example you give above is a bit ambiguous as to whether or not it
shows `true' mutation.  So what do I mean by `true' mutation?  The code
above could be transformed by alpha-renaming into an equivalent version
that does no mutation:

void foo() {
   int i = 0;
   int j = 0;

   // put any code here you want

   int jj = 1;
   int ii = 2;
   // rename all uses of i to ii and j to jj after this point.

 }

Once I've done the renaming, we're left with a pure function.  I claim
that this sort of `mutation' is uninteresting because it can be
trivially eliminated through renaming.  Since we can eliminate it
through renaming, we can use a simplified semantics that does not
involve a `store', and use a substitution model of evaluation.

The more interesting kind of mutation cannot be eliminated through
renaming.  The semantic model requires the notion of a stateful
`store', and the model is not referentially transparent: substitution
does not work.  These qualities are what make mutation problematic.  My
claim is that this kind of mutation cannot be had without some model of
pointers and references.

There is a further distinguishing characteristic:  Can I write a
program that detects the mutation (and acts differently depending on
whether there is mutation or not)?  It is unclear from your example
above whether you intended this to be possible, but certainly there is
no way for a caller of foo to tell that foo reassigns an internal
variable.  If there a procedure is extrinsically a pure function, then
there is no real meaning to any `mutation' that goes on inside; there
is always a way to turn the internal mutation into a pure function
through alpha-renaming.

>
> Clearly there is *some* difference between a language which allows
> explicit pointers and thus aliasing and one that doesn't. What term
> would you use? First-class variables?

My argument to you in re this statement:
> Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> pointers/identity/objects.

is that mutability without a notion of pointers, identity, or objects
is trivially eliminated through alpha renaming and thus isn't the
`mutability' of interest.



From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 09:32:13 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 06:32:13 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I wanted a script that can convert any file format (RTF/DOC/HTML/PDF/PS
etc) to text format.

Regards,
Gaurav Agarwal

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>
> > What do you mean by 'fileformats'?  A script that automagically converts
> > *anything* to text?  What about pictures?
>
> that's a one-and-a-half-liner:
>
>     import Image, sys; print list(Image.open(sys.argv[1]).getdata())
> 
> </F>



From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Sun Jul  9 10:06:25 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 07:06:25 -0700
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152453983.831402.233990@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> How about you post the complete stack trace of the exception?

Exception in Tkinter callback
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345, in
__call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1832, in BtnGo
    DoBtnGo()
  File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1812, in DoBtnGo
    if DoPickle: SavePickle ()
  File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1817, in SavePickle
    pickle.dump (pop,f)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 1382, in dump
    Pickler(file, protocol, bin).dump(obj)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 231, in dump
    self.save(obj)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 293, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 739, in save_inst
    save(stuff)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 293, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 663, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.iteritems())
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 677, in
_batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 293, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 614, in save_list
    self._batch_appends(iter(obj))
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 629, in
_batch_appends
    save(x)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 293, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 739, in save_inst
    save(stuff)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 293, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 663, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.iteritems())
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 677, in
_batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\pickle.py", line 313, in save
    rv = reduce(self.proto)
  File "C:\program files\python\lib\copy_reg.py", line 69, in
_reduce_ex
    raise TypeError, "can't pickle %s objects" % base.__name__
TypeError: can't pickle instancemethod objects



From manuhack at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 02:49:03 2006
From: manuhack at gmail.com (manuhack)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 23:49:03 -0700
Subject: write()
In-Reply-To: <1153982561.666387.196690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153982561.666387.196690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153982943.733719.88360@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

How about write mode?  Changing r to w doesn't work...

miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> manuhack wrote:
> > I copied the lines
> >
> > f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> > print f
> > f.close()
> >
> > from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> > directory" '/tmp/workfile'
> >
> > Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> > Thanks.  Without / I can open it.
> 
> 
> f=open(r'c:\blah\blah').read()



From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 01:19:53 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 22:19:53 -0700
Subject: Help in string.digits functions
Message-ID: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

I am getting two different outputs when i do an operation using
string.digits and test.isdigit(). Is there any difference between the
two. I have given the sample program and the output

Thanks for ur inputs

Anoop

#1:
~~
import string

test='121206'

if test not in string.digits:
    print "I am Not Digit"
else:
    print "I am Digit"

#2:
~~
import string

test='121206'

if not test.isdigit():
    print "I am Not Digit"
else:
    print "I am Digit"

Output
~~~~~
#1:I am Not Digit
#2:I am Digit

Thnks and Rgds 

Anoop



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 13:53:11 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 13:53:11 -0400
Subject: Python-2.5beta1 crash
References: <44B26892.9090508@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>
Message-ID: <e8u468$mdi$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Robin Becker" <robin at reportlab.com> wrote in message 
news:44B26892.9090508 at chamonix.reportlab.co.uk...
> I'm testing ReportLab against Python-2.5beta1 and am getting some kind of
> problem as below

No kidding;-).
Based on incomplete knowledge, I will try to make some helpful comments.

> =======================================================
> C:\Python24\reportlab\test>\python25\python runAll.py

In a Windows command window, you run \Python24\reportlab\test\runAll.py 
with python 2.5.

> .C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not 
> importing
> directory 'C:\python25\reportlab\tools\utils': missing __init__.py
>   module = __import__(mName)
> C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not 
> importing d
> irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\tools\pythonpoint\demos': missing 
> __init__.py
>   module = __import__(mName)
> C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not 
> importing d
> irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\docs': missing __init__.py
>   module = __import__(mName)
> C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not 
> importing d
> irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\demos': missing __init__.py
>   module = __import__(mName)

These ImportWarnings come from a controversial new feature in 2.5 which 
warns when project directories added to sys.path have non-package 
directories with files whose names match the name you are trying to import. 
Or something like that.  Read What's New for details and the last few 
months of PyDev summaries and/or archives (threads with warning in subject 
line) for rationale and controversy.

The new warnings are sometimes useless and sometimes come in blizzards. 
They can be turned off and I believe they will be by default in the pending 
beta2.  I would 'print mName' before the import and 'print module.__file__' 
to see if the import eventually succeeded and if so, from where you expect.

> ....Fatal Python error: non-string found in code slot

Fatel errors are rarely reported here and, as far as I know, undocumented 
except in the C code.  I believe it could come from anywhere during or 
after the import.  The first thing I would do is determine which by the 
suggested print insertion and if the latter, whether test_docstrings 
finished.

> This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual 
> way.
> Please contact the application's support team for more information.

I suspect this is from Windows

> =======================================================
>
> First off there may be a bunch of other C extensions involved including 
> PIL, but
> I built them all against this beta. What should I do to refine the error? 
> Do I
> start with trying to establish which of the tests is guilty or build from 
> source
> in debug mode and attempt to find the problem from below.

Your choice, of course, but if the import succeeded, I personally would 
have runAll verbosely print testfile names before running them and then do 
a binary or trinary search to pin down the offending statement.






From cdsmith at twu.net  Sun Jul 16 20:23:50 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 18:23:50 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net> <4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>

Darren New <dnew at san.rr.com> wrote:
> I'm not sure what linear or uniqueness typing is. It's typestate, and if 
> I remember correctly the papers I read 10 years ago, the folks at 
> TJWatson that invented Hermes also invented the concept of typestate. 
> They at least claim to have coined the term.

Coining the term is one thing, but I feel pretty confident that the idea 
was not invented in 1986 with the Hermes language, but rather far 
earlier.  Perhaps they may have invented the concept of considering it 
any different from other applications of types, though.  I still have 
trouble delineating how to consider "typestate" different from ordinary 
types in formal terms, unless I make the formal model complex enough to 
include some kind of programmer-defined identifiers such as variables.  
The distinction is not at all relevant to common type system models 
based on the lambda calculus.

While acknowledging, on the one hand, that the word "typestate" is used 
to describe this, I also object that types have *always* been assigned 
to expressions in differing type environments.  Otherwise, it would be 
impossible to assign types to lambda abstractions in the simply typed 
lambda calculus, the simplest of all generally studied type systems.  
What is being named here is the overcoming of a limitation that 
programming language designers imposed upon themselves, whether from not 
understanding the theoretical research or not believing it important, I 
don't know.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 23 04:15:29 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 10:15:29 +0200
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>

In <e9va4g$q9h$1 at hefestos.uned.es>, Ernesto Garc?a Garc?a wrote:

> I'm sure there is a better way to do this:
> 
> [random.choice(possible_notes) for x in range(length)]

There is at least a better way to ask the question.  The subject has
nothing to do with the body of your post.  Or am I missing something?

What is `length`?  Do you want unique elements from `possible_notes`? 
Then you could use `random.sample()`.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 15:55:38 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 12:55:38 -0700
Subject: The Split String Function - How to preserve whitespace?
Message-ID: <1152388538.357689.143690@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi Folks,

I am trying to scan the lines in the string text:
        lines = text.split('\n')

seemed to do the job but has the side effect of stripping the
whitespace. As I am reading Python source in this text and checking
identation this is a bit annoying :-)

How can I stop this happening? Doesn't look like an option from the
documents. Do I have to use a regexp (scary unchartered stuff for
me...)?

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell

The Good Ol' Blog
http://www.latedecember.com/sites/personal/davy/



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 17:19:22 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 14:19:22 -0700
Subject: How to specify default directory for saving files in IDLE
In-Reply-To: <44aa0dc4$0$17944$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
References: <44aa0dc4$0$17944$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
Message-ID: <1152047962.662171.109580@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


JohnJohn wrote>

> Is there a way that I can have python always bring up the Save As
> dialog pointing to the directory of my choice?  In other words, I
> would like to specify what I want the default directory for saving
> files to be.
>

I use PythonWin, not IDLE. But I suspect you could use the same trick.
Create a shortcut on your desktop for starting IDLE. (find idle.py or
idle.bat, right click, send shortcut to desktop).

Now go to the desktop, right click on the idle shortcut, and fill in
the slot that says "Start In" with the directory where you save your
Python scripts. 

Hope that helps.

rd



From Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de  Tue Jul  4 10:52:38 2006
From: Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.de (Sibylle Koczian)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 16:52:38 +0200
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gvdllF1lc2g7U1@news.dfncis.de>

Roman schrieb:
> I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> the following snipet:
> 
> When I run I get no result
> 
> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     for col in line:
>        p[:0].append(str(col))

This is wrong. I'm not absolutely certain _what_ it does, but it doesn't
append anything to list p. p[:0] is an empty copy of p, you are
appending to this empty copy, not to p. What's wrong with
p.append(str(col))?

> when I change it to the following, I get rows back
> 
> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     for col in line:
>        print col
>     cnt = cnt + 1
> 
> print p
> 

Here you print every single cell, but p doesn't change.

HTH
Koczian

-- 
Dr. Sibylle Koczian
Universitaetsbibliothek, Abt. Naturwiss.
D-86135 Augsburg
e-mail : Sibylle.Koczian at Bibliothek.Uni-Augsburg.DE


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul 24 16:57:00 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 22:57:00 +0200
Subject: Type signature
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.22.22.15.30.2213@gmx.net>
	<mailman.8471.1153760534.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.24.20.56.59.484037@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8471.1153760534.27775.python-list at python.org>, paul k?lle
wrote:

> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>> In <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yacao Wang
>> wrote:
>> 
>>> However, type signatures are not only a kind of information provided for
>>> the compiler, but also for the programmer, or more important, for the
>>> programmer. Without it, we have to "infer" the return type or required
>>> agument types of a function, and this can't be done without seeing the
>>> implementation of it,
>> 
>> That's what documentation is meant for.  If you are forced to look at the
>> implementation, the documentation is bad.
> I think the OP refers to reading the *code*, the documentation might not
> exist (yet).

It should be right there under the `def` as docstring.

> Sometimes I feel python is easier to write than to read and
>  missing argument type declarations (just for documentation purposes)
> are  IMHO one reason. Another are missing (optional) argument type
> checks at runtime. Something like WrongArgumentType exceptions instead
> of rather unspecific AttributeError from deep inside the code would be
> very convenient.

The you start getting `WrongArgumentType` exceptions sooner or later for
arguments that have all the necessary attributes in place but are of the
wrong "type".  Very inconvenient.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 05:52:01 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 10:52:01 +0100
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9kvc9$85s$1@sea.gmane.org>

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> I have a simple form with some input values and some calculated values
> in TextCtrl widgets.
> 
> What I would like to do is have the display update automaticaly when
> the user changes one of the input fields, without having to click on a
> 'Calculate' button. I was thinking of having an update triggered when
> one of the text Controlls loses focus, indicating that the user has
> finished changing it's value.
> 
> I don't want to do an update on every character entry, as this would
> create a lot of bogus/meaningless updates. There doesn't seem to be
> such an event. Any ideas how I could implement this, or a similarly
> user friendly behaviour?
> 
It should be quite simple: you need to handle EVT_SET_FOCUS and/or 
EVT_KILL_FOCUS events (documented in the wxPython docs) to know when to 
recaclulate the values. Sounds like that should be enough of a hint to you.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From belred at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:10:17 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 07:10:17 -0700
Subject: wxHtmlHelpController
Message-ID: <e92vs9$p0s$1@sea.gmane.org>

is it possible to get the list of search results from the search box from 
wxPython's wxHtmlHelpControl without it displaying GUI?  i don't see an obvious 
way to do this.

thanks,

bryan



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 16:56:36 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 13:56:36 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7944.1152471111.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152470114.116601.277340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7944.1152471111.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152478596.286982.276450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Paddy wrote:
>
> > ... irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects can have their
> > state modified; if n has a mutable value but the assignment statement
> > changed n to refer to another object, then the name would be tagged as
> > local'?
> >
> > Oh bosh, can anyone come at it from a different tack?
>
> look for "Assignment of an object to a single target is recursively
> defined as follows" on this page (or at the corresponding page in the
> language reference):
>
>      http://pyref.infogami.com/assignments
>
> </F>
I had a look Frederick but the page lead to:
  http://pyref.infogami.com/subscriptions
Which again failed to mention namespace issues.

- Pad.



From jaywgraves at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 12:37:00 2006
From: jaywgraves at gmail.com (jay graves)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:37:00 -0700
Subject: Reading long lines doesn't work in Python
References: <42tvg.6903$5K2.3070@fed1read03>
Message-ID: <1153327020.356864.295350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Scott Simpson wrote:
> I have a loop
>
> for line in f:
>      ...
>
> and if the line is over about 10,000 characters it lops it off. How do I
> get around this?

Hmmm.  Works for me on Windows.

Python 2.4.1 (#65, Mar 30 2005, 09:13:57) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> f = file('longline.txt','w')
>>> f.write("x"*11000 + '\n')
>>> f.write("x"*11000 + '\n')
>>> f.write("x"*11000 + '\n')
>>> f.close()
>>> f = file('longline.txt','r')
>>> for l in f:
...     print len(l)
...
11001
11001
11001
>>> f.close()

Could the file have embedded nulls?  Are you on Windows?  If the file
is small enough, open it in binary mode and do a split on '\n to verify
your data.

...
jay



From shane at hathawaymix.org  Fri Jul  7 01:40:40 2006
From: shane at hathawaymix.org (Shane Hathaway)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 23:40:40 -0600
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> attempted this?

I once played with a similar idea.  Yes, it's possible, although
platform differences make the idea non-trivial.

Specifically, I ran into difficulty when I discovered that it's not easy
on Linux to load a dynamic library (such as libpython.so) which in turn
loads other dynamic libraries (such as native Python modules), since the
library search path is not modifiable at runtime.  A possible workaround
is to launch a separate process which projects into the browser window.

I don't know what surprises may pop up on other platforms.

Shane


From dd at accentsolution.com  Thu Jul 20 17:19:15 2006
From: dd at accentsolution.com (Danil Dotsenko)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:19:15 -0700
Subject: ConfigParser: what read('non-existent-filename') returns in 2.3.x?
References: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>
	<mailman.8385.1153423817.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<YdSvg.2085$8Y2.518@fe03.lga>
Message-ID: <XuSvg.2172$8Y2.223@fe03.lga>

Danil Dotsenko wrote:

> Chris Lambacher wrote:
>> On Thu, Jul 20, 2006 at 10:50:40AM -0700, Danil Dotsenko wrote:
>>> Wrote a little "user-friedly" wrapper for ConfigParser for a KDE's
>>> SuperKaramba widget.
>>> (http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=32185)
>>> 
>>> I was using 2.4.x python docs as reference and
>>> ConfigParser.read('non-existent-filename') returns [] in 2.4.x
>> http://docs.python.org/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
>> That agrees with the docs since read returns a list of successfully
>> parsed
>> filenames.  Note the docs also say this was added in 2.4.
> 
> I just looked at the
> http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.5/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
> (note the version number) and see the following:
> "If none of the named files exist, the ConfigParser instance will contain
> an empty dataset." Which to me means []. To the least of it, the statement
> should be clarified, but I would still kindly prefer to have someone
> respond / confirm the procedure bellow gives different results in 2.3.x.
> 
>>> >>> import ConfigParser
>>> >>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
>>> >>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
>>> >>> a, len(a), type(a)
>>> ([], 0, <type 'list'>)
> 
> Thx in advance.

Python 2.3.5 (#2, Jun 13 2006, 23:12:55)
[GCC 4.1.2 20060613 (prerelease) (Debian 4.1.1-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
?>>> import ConfigParser
?>>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
?>>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
?>>> a
?>>> type(a)
<type 'NoneType'>
?>>> len(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
? File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: len() of unsized object
?>>> ?


From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 15:50:14 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:50:14 -0700
Subject: No need to close file?
Message-ID: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?

for line in file('foo', 'r'):
  print line



From JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid  Sun Jul  2 03:32:35 2006
From: JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid (JohnJohnUSA)
Date: 02 Jul 2006 07:32:35 GMT
Subject: Request for addition to Preferences
Message-ID: <44a77693$0$79787$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>

I wasn't sure how to get my request to the appropriate person so I am
posting it here!

When I log in to this site, I normally want to go to the Python forum.
 I can get there via a series of mouse clicks.  I would prefer to have
the option of specifying in my Preferences where I want to be
positioned within this site upon login.  After setting
"python" in my Preferences, I would automatically be
positioned on the python forum page.  This would save me and others a
lot of work in getting to where I want to be.

The dropdown list that I saw somewhere on this site could be placed in
the Preferences section to enable me to select where I want to go upon
log in and I would be positioned there automatically.

Can this feature be implemented.  I would think that everyone coming
to this site may like it as it would be a good time and work saver. 
One would also have the option of not selecting a specific location
in which case they would be positioned on the main page as everyone
currently is.

Thanks in advance for considering adding this feature to this website!



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 12:25:12 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 09:25:12 -0700
Subject: python/xpath question...
Message-ID: <0e4001c6a118$c2921b40$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

for guys with python/xpath expertise..

i'm playing with xpath.. and i'm trying to solve an issue...

i have the following kind of situation where i'm trying to get certain data.

i have a bunch of tr/td...

i can create an xpath, that gets me all of the tr.. i only want to get the
sibling tr up until i hit a 'tr' that has a 'th' anybody have an idea as to
how this query might be created?..


the idea would be to start at the "Summer B", to skip the 1st "tr", to get
the next "tr"s until you get to the next "Summer" section...

sample data.....

<tr> <Th colspan=14  class="soc_comment"> Summer B </th> </tr>
<!-- START RA.CTLIB(SOCPHDR1) -->
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="bottom" class="colhelp">
     <a href="#">Course<span>
     <b>Course</b>
     <br>Course number and suffix, if applicable.
     <br>C = combined lecture and lab course
     <br>L = laboratory course
          </span></a></td>
     </tr>
<!-- END RA.CTLIB(SOCPHDR1) -->
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap><a href="javascript:crsdescunderpop('AST1002');">AST
1002</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap><a
href="javascript:crsdescunderpop('AST1022L');">AST 1022L</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap><a
href="javascript:crsdescunderpop('AST1022L');">AST 1022L</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" nowrap><a
href="javascript:crsdescunderpop('AST1022L');">AST 1022L</a></td>
</tr>
<tr> <Th colspan=14  class="soc_comment"> Summer C </th> </tr>
<!-- START RA.CTLIB(SOCPHDR1) -->
<tr>
<td nowrap valign="bottom" class="colhelp">
     <a href="#">Course<span>
.
.
.

thanks...

-bruce




From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sun Jul 23 17:15:23 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 16:15:23 -0500
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
In-Reply-To: <1153671331.244954.234350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>	<mailman.8430.1153670342.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153671331.244954.234350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C3E6EB.7090004@tim.thechases.com>

>>parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0],
>>'limits':[0.,0.]}.copy() for i in xrange(0,6)]
>>
>>However, this will still reference internal lists that have
>>been referenced multiple times, such that
>>
>> >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
>>[0, 0]
>> >>> parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 2
>> >>> parinfo[5]['limited']
>>[2, 0]
> 
> Interesting. Cut-and-paste to my python prompt and I get
> 
>>>>parinfo[5]['limited']
> 
> [0, 0]

Hmm...same behavior on my 2.3.5 here.  Looks like the problem lay 
within the for-loop version I tried first:

parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0],
'limits':[0.,0.]}]
for i in xrange(1,6): parinfo.append(parinfo[0].copy())

which copied the elements, but when the elements were references 
to other lists, only the references were copied.  I just tried it 
with the second method I suggested (the list-comprehension one 
you reference here) and it doesn't have the same problem as the 
crazy for-loop, and as shown by others, doesn't need the 
superflous copy() call either.

That'll teach me to test both proposed ideas, rather than making 
assumptions.

-tkc








From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 15:47:57 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 12:47:57 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e95vp9$hln$1@online.de>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95vp9$hln$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152820077.044047.228350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Mutability by itself does not imply identity.
>
> Well, the implication certainly holds from identity to mutability.
> The only definition of identity that I found to hold up for all kinds of
> references (pointers, shared-memory identifiers, URLs etc.) is this:
>
> Two pieces of data are identical if and only if:
> a) they are equal
> b) they stay equal after applying an arbitrary operation to one of them.
>
> This means that for immutable objects, there's no observable difference
> between equality and identity (which I think it just fine).

Agreed on all counts.


> For the implicaton from mutability to identity, I'm not sure whether
> talking about mutation still makes sense without some kind of identity.
> For example, you need to establish that the object after the mutation is
> still "the same" in some sense, and this "the same" concept is exactly
> identity.

Unless we have some specific mechanism to make two named variables
have the same identity, (distinct from having the same value), then
there
is no aliasing. Pointers or references is one such mechanism; lexical
closures over variables is another. (I don't know of any others.)


>  > I agree that mutability
> > plus identity implies aliasing problems, however.
>
> Then we're agreeing about the most important point anyway.

Yes.


> >> In other words, pointers are essentially just an *aspect* of mutability
> >> in lower-level languages.
> >
> > Again, I disagree: it is posible to have mutability without
> > pointers/identity/objects.
> 
> I'm sceptical.
> Any examples?

See next post.


Marshall



From ben at serverone.co.uk  Mon Jul 31 09:03:56 2006
From: ben at serverone.co.uk (Ben Edwards)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:03:56 +0100
Subject: Nuther problem with 'dive into Python'
Message-ID: <1154351036.7157.67.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Am going through Chapter 9 - HTTP Web Services in dive into Python.  It
uses the following:

data = urllib.urlopen('http://diveintomark.org/xml/atom.xml').read()

The page no longer exists, can anyone recommend an alternative page to
use?

Ben





From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 21:13:27 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 18:13:27 -0700
Subject: Threads and time.strptime()
In-Reply-To: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151917033.924834.186530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151975607.356354.66620@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Maximilian Michel wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have an interesting problem:
> I have written code, that reads a logfile and parses it for date string
> (Thu Jun 29 14:01:23 2006).
> Standalone everthing works fine, all is recognized.
>
> But if I let the same code run in a thread, with the same file as input
> I get the following error:

do you read the logfile in the thread too or pass the read that to the
thread?



From ejensen at visi.com  Thu Jul 20 15:42:50 2006
From: ejensen at visi.com (Ed Jensen)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 19:42:50 -0000
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
	<4i7nsbF2j0ofU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <12bvn5qaiefrt99@corp.supernews.com>

Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
>> Java is not an acronym.  That is: it's "Java", not "JAVA".
> 
> Now THAT was an important information RIGHT on topic.

It was not meant offensively.

>> Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.
> 
> For somebody nitpicking on natural language usage to a non-native 
> speaker, you show an impressive lack of knowledge in the actual subject 
> discussed.

Again: It was not meant offensively.

Maybe you can try turning the flames down a bit.

> http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/11/12/reflection.html

Does that approach work on sealed jars as well?  I would imagine any
jars that need any kind of "real" security would be sealed...


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 18 15:34:28 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:34:28 -0500
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <17597.14276.688611.571949@montanaro.dyndns.org>

    >> In csv.reader, is there any way of skip lines that start whith '#' or
    >> empty lines

Nope.  When we wrote the module we weren't aware of any "spec" that
specified comments or blank lines.  You can easily write a file wrapper to
filter them out though:

    class BlankCommentCSVFile:
        def __init__(self, fp):
            self.fp = fp

        def __iter__(self):
            return self

        def next(self):
            line = self.fp.next()
            if not line.strip() or line[0] == "#":
                return self.next()
            return line

Use it like so:

    reader = csv.reader(BlankCommentCSVFile(open("somefile.csv")))
    for row in reader:
        print row

Skip


From nathanbates99 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 15:11:14 2006
From: nathanbates99 at yahoo.com (Nathan Bates)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 12:11:14 -0700
Subject: Valgrind memory-checker reports memory problems in Python
Message-ID: <1152040274.803513.100560@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Are the Python developers running Python under Valgrind?
If not, FYI, Valgrind is a excellent memory-checker for Linux.
Valgrind is reporting a ton of memory problems.
Worrisome are "Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised
value(s)" errors.
I simply started the Python 2.4.2 interpreter,
then Ctrl+D, on Linux Fedora 5.

........
==2923== Copyright (C) 2002-2005, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et
al.
==2923== Using LibVEX rev 1471, a library for dynamic binary
translation.
==2923== Copyright (C) 2004-2005, and GNU GPL'd, by OpenWorks LLP.
==2923== Using valgrind-3.1.0, a dynamic binary instrumentation
framework.
==2923== Copyright (C) 2000-2005, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et
al.
==2923== For more details, rerun with: -v
==2923==
==2923== My PID = 2923, parent PID = 2922.  Prog and args are:
==2923==    /usr/bin/python
==2923==
==2923== Conditional jump or move depends on uninitialised value(s)
==2923==    at 0x331BD6096B: PyObject_Free (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD5BFE9: (within /usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD6555E: PyString_InternInPlace (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD69C6E: PyString_InternFromString (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD7053C: (within /usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD7549F: PyType_Ready (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD76F6E: PyType_Ready (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BD5E42F: _Py_ReadyTypes (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BDB3E6A: Py_InitializeEx (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331BDB910D: Py_Main (in
/usr/lib64/libpython2.4.so.1.0)
==2923==    by 0x331181D083: __libc_start_main (in /lib64/libc-2.4.so)
==2923== 
[..]



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sun Jul 23 19:22:59 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 18:22:59 -0500
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
In-Reply-To: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C404D3.4000905@tim.thechases.com>

> serialport.write('!SC'+'\x01'+'\x05'+'\xFA'+'\x00'+'\r')
[cut]
> My problem is that the "write()" function only takes a string, and I
> want to substitute variables for the hex literals.

Well, you can try something like

 >>> import types
 >>> def makeString(a):
...     return ''.join([type(x) != types.IntType and
...		str(x) or chr(x) for x in a])
...
 >>> data = ['!SC', 1, 5, 0xFA, 0, '\r']
 >>> makeString(data)
'!SC\x01\x05\xfa\x00\r'


Thus, you can mix and match your desired data in a list, and then 
let Python intelligently smash together the string you want, so 
you can later pass that to your write() call.

It does hiccup (read "throw an exception") if you have an empty 
string in your list.  It also falls down if you try and put in an 
integer constant that isn't in range(256).  My advice regarding 
these would be "don't do that". :)  Alternatively, you can 
concoct some cousin-function to chr() that takes any old garbage 
along with a default, and returns either the chr() of it, unless 
that throws an expception, in which case you just return 
something like '\x00' (whatever you specified as the default).

This allows you to use your favorite notation.  If you like hex 
notation, you can use it (as in the "0xFA" in the above data). 
If you prefer integers, you can toss them in the mix.

Alternatively, you can create a suite of API wrapper functions, 
such as


def move(rate, low, high, channel=1):
	serialport.write(''.join([type(x) != types.IntType and
...		str(x) or chr(x) for x in
...		['!SC', channel, rate, low, high, '\r']
...		]))

(that could be uncompacted a bit for readibility's sake...)

You could then just call move(5, 0xFA, 0) and the function does 
the heavy work for you.  Might also be more readable later for 
other folks coming to the project (if there are others).

Just a couple ideas you might want to try.

-tkc




	



From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 17:20:40 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:20:40 -0500
Subject: wxpython: how does EVT_IDLE work?
References: <Wjysg.2445$No6.49710@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <Xns97FCE398AE405rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

John Salerno wrote in news:Wjysg.2445$No6.49710 at news.tufts.edu in 
comp.lang.python:

> Quick question about the code below: I understand why the progress bar 
> fills up at a steady pace when the mouse is idle over the frame; but 
> why, when you move the mouse, does the progress bar speed up? Shouldn't 
> it stop completely until the mouse is idle again?

wxWidgets is sending the idle event after it has processed all 
other events, but it just sends it once not in a loop.

see the documentation (help) for wxIdleEvent::RequestMore.


> 
>      def OnIdle(self, event):

    	    	event.RequestMore(True)

>          self.count += 1
>          if self.count >= 50:
>              self.count = 0

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 06:44:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:44:52 +0200
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
Message-ID: <44cddf25$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

David Zaret wrote:
> i have a dict with a particular key - the values for this key will be
> None, one valid scalar, or a list:
> 
>     {mykey, None}
>     {mykey, "foo"}
>     {mykey, ["bar", "baz"]}
> 
> let's ignore the None case - in the case of the one or many values, i
> want to suck the values into a list.  here's one way to do this:
> 
>             if mydict.has_key(mykey):
>                 vals=[]
>                 _v = mydict[mykey]
>                 if isinstance(_v, types.ListType):
>                     vals.extend(_v)
>                 else:
>                     vals.append(_v)
>                 #   now we can safely iterate through acts
>         for val in vals:
>             .....
> 
> 
> my way is ugly.  what's a better way?

If you have control over the dict's creation and 'filling', you may want
to handle the case there - eventually using a custom dict-like object
that stores everything (but None) in lists. The implementation code for
this object will not be less ugly than the one above, but at least
ugliness will be hidden away !-)

Else, you can shorten the code a bit (NB : ignoring the 'None' case...):

  v = d[k]
  v = ([v], v)[isinstance(v, list)]

And this can be hidden away in a function:

def get_as_list(d, k):
  v = d[k]
  return ([v], v)[isinstance(v, list)]

vals = get_as_list(mydict, mykey)


I don't like using isinstance() tests too much, but it depends on the
context...

HTH

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 05:41:42 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 15:11:42 +0530
Subject: starting and stopping a program from inside a python script
In-Reply-To: <1151965699.491050.137660@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151965699.491050.137660@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607040241s24c8c6dfw24375d6d2e12e49b@mail.gmail.com>

You can store the pid of the process when started and later use it to kill it.

cheers,

On 3 Jul 2006 15:28:19 -0700, dfaber <deusfaber at gmail.com> wrote:
> Aloha!
>  I want to terminate a process/program from within a python script.
>
> For example,
> if I have a program say foo.sh that starts running, then I can run it
> from within a python script using
> os.popen('foo.sh') which starts a program/process say 'bar'
>
> At some point later,  I want to kill 'bar'. Currently, I start off the
> process and then when the python script exits, the process 'bar' is
> still running and I have to issue ps -ef  | grep 'bar' and then kill
> it.
>
> Is there any better way of doing this?
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  2 04:29:58 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 10:29:58 +0200
Subject: Request for addition to Preferences
In-Reply-To: <44a77fc2$0$16365$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
References: <44a77693$0$79787$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
	<44a77fc2$0$16365$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>
Message-ID: <e88062$qbn$1@sea.gmane.org>

JohnJohnUSA wrote:

> The site that I am referring to is the one that I used to post my
> request located at:
> 
> http://www.nixforum.org/

who cares ?  they're not hosting this newsgroup; they're just stealing 
the content, making it look like it's their "programming python" forum 
so they can plaster google ads all over it; if you have trouble with 
their site, complain to them, or find a better way to read this group.

it's not like anyone's forcing you to use a crap site run by people with 
no ethics, you know.

</F>



From http  Mon Jul 31 06:22:32 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 03:22:32 -0700
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
Message-ID: <7xd5bmul93.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

David Zaret <dave at zaret.com> writes:
> my way is ugly.  what's a better way?

Untested:

    for key in mydict:
       if isinstance(mydict[key], list):
          vals.extend(mydict[key])
       else:
          vals.append(mydict[key])


From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 09:24:48 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:24:48 -0700
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <1153600735.030669.198610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8420.1153582166.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153600735.030669.198610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153747488.250870.16990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ross Ridge wrote:
> David G. Wonnacott wrote:
> > Couldn't we easily get an n*log(n) shuffle...
>
> Why are you trying to get an O(n*log(n)) shuffle when an O(n) shuffle
> algorithim is well known and implemented in Python as random.shuffle()?

I think David is referring to this: "don't you still need to use
O(log(n)) time to find and remove the item from the collection?"

The answer for him is no: as far as I know, the Python list is a
random-access structure, so looking up 2 items and swapping them runs
in constant time. You perform that N times to shuffle the sequence, so
it runs in O(N).

-- 
Ben Sizer



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 12:44:32 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 09:44:32 -0700
Subject: win32 and System Font Size
Message-ID: <1152636271.990630.201610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hello all,

I'm writing a windows application with a Tkinter GUI.

Tkinter ignores the Windows user setting for system default font size -
which can be 'normal', 'large' or 'extra large'.

Does anyone know how to retrieve this information from the win32api, or
using win32com ?

All the best,


Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From exarkun at divmod.com  Tue Jul  4 16:47:46 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 16:47:46 -0400
Subject: Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <20060704204746.29014.1405961832.divmod.quotient.22548@ohm>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 15:44:03 -0400, emf <i at mindlace.net> wrote:
>Dearest mail manipulating macaques and perambulating python
>prestidigitators,
>
>I have been blessed by the grace of Google and so am working full-time
>on improving Mailman's web UI:
>
>http://wiki.list.org/display/DEV/Summer+of+Code
>

Just pointing out that there is no RFC 8222.  I assume you mean
RFC 2822.  I wouldn't mention it but this mistake is repeated
several times on the wiki page.

Jean-Paul
http://divmod.org/


From antroy at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:20:05 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:20:05 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
In-Reply-To: <1153311358.251154.37390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153311358.251154.37390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153311605.082464.59700@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Whoops:

> outfile = open(out_f)

outfile = open(out_f, 'w')

may be better ;-)



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Fri Jul  7 18:51:10 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 15:51:10 -0700
Subject: IRC questions!!  (off topic)
In-Reply-To: <9d96a1300607071344m481a9c66sf503f6d7e0b5bed3@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <010101c6a217$d901d000$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi jon!!!!

i can sortof connect!!!!

however, to join "irc.freenode.net", it states i have to register...

the docs that i've seen say i have to :
/msg nickserv register <your-password>

if my nickname is tom, do i do

/msg tom register <foo>   (if foo is the passwd i want)

-or-

/msg tom register foo

or is there something else i need to do...

thanks

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: Jon Clements [mailto:joncle at googlemail.com]
Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 1:45 PM
To: bedouglas at earthlink.net
Subject: Re: IRC questions!!


Bruce,

What happens when you attempt to connect? What messages do you get etc...?

Cheers,

Jon.

On 07/07/06, bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:
hey jon...

thanks for the reply.. and i fully understand!!!

i've tried everything that i can think of with regards to setting up mIRC,
and getting the firewall to behave.

as far as i can tell, the firewall is setup to pass 113/6667/8001 though to
the mIRC pc.. however, when i try to connect to any server, the mIRC client
still has a status of "not connected"

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: Jon Clements [mailto:joncle at googlemail.com]
Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 1:09 PM
To: bedouglas at earthlink.net
Subject: Re: IRC questions!!


Hi Bruce,

Sorry, was AFK from keyboard for a while...

Have you tried typing in the status window:

/server irc.freenode.net

And once connected,

/join #python

I don't use the freenode network myself but I think you need to also
register, google for info on freenode. You also need to ensure you can
respond to ident requests, and, in terms of registration, they may have a
"nickserv" equivalent (like DALnet).

I wouldn't have normally responded to your post as it's kind of off-topic,
but I was an IRC administrator and operator for about 4 years on a network
with roughly 8k users. Quite challenging when it's just the seven of you!


I wish you luck, sorry I haven't been of much help.

Jon.

"The words of the prophets are written on the subway walls..." - Paul Simon



On 07/07/06, bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:
hi jon...

i followed your instructions.. nothing seems to happen...!!!

simply has a window saying status not connected ( irc.freenode.net)


-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Jon Clements
Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 10:57 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: IRC questions!!



bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm trying to figure out what i have to do to setup mIRC to get the
#python
> channel on IRC!!
>
> any pointers. the mIRC docs didn't get me very far.
>
> is there an irc.freenode.net that i need to connect to? how do i do it?
>
> thanks..
>
> -bruce

Assuming you're familiar with the basics of IRC.

In mIRC, File->Select Server->Add, enter "Freenode" as description,
enter "irc.freenode.net " as server. Leave the port as 6667, then change
it later if server supports other ports.

Click connect to server.

Cheers,

Jon.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 20:57:38 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 21:57:38 -0300
Subject: Using Python for my web site
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154380997.20290.64.camel@devilbox>
Message-ID: <k291j3damhnf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-31 18:23:17, Cliff Wells wrote:

> My point is to stop FUD right at that comment.  I don't doubt your
> research from "a few years ago", but ancient research is entirely
> irrelevant for making a decision *today*.

That's exactly the reason why I added this information. It might not be for
you, but it is interesting for me (and might be for someone else) to see
that I get a different feedback now than I got a few years ago. It tells
something about the dynamic of the process that the mere status of today
doesn't tell.

Besides, "claimed to have" and "seemed to have" are not really FUD inducing
terms :)

Anyway, I appreciate you sharing your experience (which in that area
certainly is more than mine).

Gerhard



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 11:21:05 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:21:05 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<7xirldkees.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<p%ozg.1792$W93.161@dukeread05>
	<7xejw1kdz1.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <Xfpzg.1795$W93.557@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> On device #1 no constraint for my purpose. On the smartcard, the tradeoff
>> is between using EEPROM (plenty + slow + small life expectancy) for temp
>> variables versus RAM (very little) ... but I do not think it is an issue
>> eather in my case. Speed is what worries me most (crypto takes time).
> 
> You should not have to do this decimal-hex conversion repeatedly in a
> crypto operation.  Do you have a public-key accelerator (or MAC unit)
> on that cpu?  Do you really care about speed?  I had thought up a cute
> O(n**3) scheme that might have been ok for 8 digits but probably not
> for 24.

I did not explain myself correctly, the "decimal" operations are done in
"clear mode" as they are made within the cards which by definition cannot
be broken, requests and results that go to/from the devices are
encrypted/signed with diversified keys ... but that another story ;-)

Regards,

Philippe



From gdamjan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 15:52:54 2006
From: gdamjan at gmail.com (Damjan)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 21:52:54 +0200
Subject: ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
	Permission denied
References: <1153422334.346817.9840@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bfdee5$0$15787$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

> I am using RedHat Linux 4. and I developed an oracle 10g based
> application by using cx_Oracle (cx_Oracle-4.1-10g-py23-1.i386.rpm) and
> Python 2.3.4.
> 
> When I run the application through direct console connection, It works
> perfect.
> 
> But, when I schedule a crontab job to run the application, It logs this
> error:
> 
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/home/nsm1/NSM1/NSM1.py", line 5, in ?
>     import cx_Oracle
> ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
> Permission denied
...
> I have the following settings in my /etc/profile file:
> 
> #-------------------------------------------
> ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle/product
> ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0/db_1
> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
> PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
> ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
> export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
> #-------------------------------------------

These environment variables are important for running any programs that use
the oracle client libraries. The problem you have is that when you run the
script from cron these environment variables are not set.

Now, there are several ways how to handle this:
1. create a shell script that you call from cron, and it it set the
environment variables and then call you python program

2. modify the environment in your python program (via os.environ) and then
import cx_Oracle

3. modify your system so that no environment variables are neccesseary -
actually this is not possible, but what I have is, symbolic links
in /usr/lib to the libraries in $ORACLE_HOME/lib, thus I don't need the 
LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable, and the only other variable I need is the
ORACLE_HOME, which is /usr/share/oracle on my system and it contains 
bin/  install/  lib/  network/  ocommon/  oracore/  rdbms/  sqlplus/




-- 
damjan


From dan.gass at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 13:45:59 2006
From: dan.gass at gmail.com (dan.gass at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 10:45:59 -0700
Subject: self question
References: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <1153849559.477348.197160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> cnt = 1
> def foo():
> 	global cnt
> 	cnt += 1
> 	return cnt
>
> def bar(x=foo()):
> 	print x
>
> bar()	# 2
> bar()	# 2
> bar()	# 2

Looks to me like you want to use the following programming pattern to
get dynamic default arguments:

cnt = 1
def foo():
	global cnt
	cnt += 1
	return cnt

def bar(x=None):
	if x is None:
		x = foo()
	print x
 
bar()	# 2
bar()	# 3
bar()	# 4



From nmm1 at cus.cam.ac.uk  Sat Jul  1 06:09:35 2006
From: nmm1 at cus.cam.ac.uk (Nick Maclaren)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 10:09:35 GMT
Subject: Non-ASCII languages (was: Re: style question)
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
Message-ID: <e85hkv$543$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>


In article <slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp at frailea.sa.invalid>,
Jorgen Grahn <grahn+nntp at snipabacken.dyndns.org> writes:
|> 
|> Possibly true, and definitely for Knuth.  But WYSIWYG was unknown at the
|> time; these people all programmed using fixed-width fonts, on teletypes or
|> character-mapped terminals. Hell, even full-screen editors were new and
|> controversial until the late 1970s!

A slight niggle - WYSIWYG wasn't unknown, just both rare and not yet
called that!  I have programmed using devices with half-line shifts,
real backspacing and so on - and some languages did mandate that a
character created by overprinting was to be treated as a composite
character.

Also, there were full-screen editors for things like IBM 3270s, though
they were absolutely ghastly for editing text (being designed for form
filling).

I agree with you that neither those days nor gimmicky approaches like
that of Fortress are worth pursuing.  One of the main reasons that
'program proving' has never taken off outside its cabal is that it
uses bizarre notations unlike anything else on earth that can't be
edited in a normal fashion.


Regards,
Nick Maclaren.


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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:32:34 -0700
Subject: CANADA UK USA AUSTRALIA Jobs With VISA Sponsorship, CANADA VISA,
	UK VISA, USA VISA, AUSTRALIA VISA , immigration,
	VISA Sponsorship, CANADA VISA
Message-ID: <1151933554.211540.308020@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

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From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:20:36 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:20:36 -0700
Subject: Sets and Membership Tests
References: <1152670623.994197.196080@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152690439.515056.101010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152713520.974044.249120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152721236.404728.73890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

JK,
As a general rule, let Python call the "magic" __method__ methods
behind the scenes. So don't call obj.__hash()__ or obj.__len__ or
obj.__le__ just use hash(obj), len(obj) or <=. Of course there are
exceptions, for example when calling the __init__() method of a
supercalass inside the __init__ method of your class and perhaps a few
others...
Nick V.


JKPeck wrote:
> Thanks for the advice.  Once assured that __hash__ etc was the right
> route, I found that using hash() instead of object.__hash__() gave me
> stable hash valules.  (I am hashing strings that I know to be unique.)
>
> The "no luck" situation was that a set would accept the same object
> multiple times, not recognizing that it was truly the same object.
>
>
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> > JK,
> >
> > You are correct to implement __hash__ and __eq__. The problem is how
> > you implemented them. Usually your __eq__ method should compare the
> > necessary attributes of the objects for equality. The __hash__ should
> > return a 32-bit integer. Your best bet is probably to return a hash of
> > hashes of your attributes that are used in equality comparison. What
> > this means is that your attributes used to produce the __hash__ should
> > also be hashable. This is important yet not immediatly obvious. So you
> > could for example return hash( (attribute1, attribute2, attribute3) ),
> > where attribute1, attribute2, attribute3 are all hashable.
> >  Of course, you provided no code and no error messages (the
> > 'SoFarNoLuck' exception is not descriptive enough ; )
> >
> > Hope this helps
> >
> >
> >
> > JKPeck wrote:
> > > I would like to be able use sets where the set members are objects of a
> > > class I wrote.
> > > I want the members to be distinguished by some of the object content,
> > > but I have not figured out how a set determines whether two (potential)
> > > elements are identical.  I tried implementing __eq__ and __ne__ and
> > > __hash__ to make objects with identical content behave as identical for
> > > set membership, but so far no luck.
> > >
> > > I could subclass set if necessary, but I still don't know what I would
> > > need to override.
> > > 
> > > TIA for any advice you can offer.



From lennox at 163.com  Wed Jul 26 12:22:08 2006
From: lennox at 163.com (Pan Xingzhi)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 00:22:08 +0800
Subject: Python audio output switch
In-Reply-To: <1153926707.373160.296240@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <ea52e4$h0k$1@news.yaako.com>
	<1153926707.373160.296240@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea84r7$dr4$1@news.yaako.com>

Sorry maybe I didn't describe what I need clearly. Yes they're inputs. 
Actually I need a switch to 'hook' them to line out so when I switch, a 
mp3 file is played, or an external CD player is played, or what I'm 
talking is played.

Thanks anyway. I'm checking ALSA, though maybe I'll have to write sth in 
C :)

Ben Sizer wrote:
> Pan Xingzhi wrote:
>> Guys:
>>
>>      Hi there. Recently I'll have to write a quite interesting program
>> in Python on a Linux box. What I need is a function which allows the
>> user to 'switch' the audio output from <an audio
>> file>/<microphone>/<line in>.
> 
> They are audio inputs, not audio outputs!
> 
> I don't know of any Python modules for this, though maybe one exists.
> Most documentation is for C coders, and depends a lot upon what sound
> system your distribution of Linux is running. If you are using OSS
> (Open Sound System), you may be able to access /dev/mixer to choose
> which device is the default input. (Although I am more used to systems
> where you can read each input independently.) If so, you may find this
> page gives you a few pointers:
> http://www.oreilly.de/catalog/multilinux/excerpt/ch14-07.htm
> 
> If you are using something else, like ALSA, you may want to look at
> their documentation. Or perhaps http://jackaudio.org/ will be of use.
> 


From vatamane at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 01:08:05 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 22:08:05 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7695.1151788790.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7695.1151788790.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151816885.235996.295170@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

You are correct I should have thought of that. I still think the keys()
method should return a set() though.

Robert Kern wrote:
> vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
> > The same thing goes for the values(). Here most people will argue that
> > values are not necessarily unique, so a list is more appropriate, but
> > in fact the values are unique it is just that more than one key could
> > map to the same value.  What is 'seen' in dictionary is the mapping
> > rule.  Also the values are not ordered and should not be indexable --
> > they should be a set. Just as  the keys(), one ordered list of values
> > from a dictionary on one machine will not necessarily be equal to
> > another list of values an on another machine, while in fact, they
> > should be.
>
> This part is pretty much a non-starter. Not all Python objects are hashable.
>
> In [1]: d = {}
>
> In [2]: for i in range(1, 10):
>     ...:     d[i] = range(i)
>     ...:
>     ...:
>
> In [3]: set(d.values())
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> exceptions.TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call
> last)
>
> /Users/kern/<ipython console>
>
> TypeError: list objects are unhashable
>
>
> Also, I may need keys to map to different objects that happen to be equal.
>
> --
> Robert Kern
>
> "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
>   that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
>   an underlying truth."
>    -- Umberto Eco



From gglegrp112 at alhashash.net  Fri Jul 21 16:52:14 2006
From: gglegrp112 at alhashash.net (gglegrp112 at alhashash.net)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:52:14 -0700
Subject: using array as execute parameter in dbapi
Message-ID: <1153515134.520940.208540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Is it possible to send an array as a parameter for an execute method in
dbapi2 module?


I'm using adodbapi and try to perfrom the following SQL query:
     select * from item where storeid in ('01', '02')

When I use direct string formating it works:

     a=('01','02')
cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in %s' % a.__repr__())

but trying to use parameter does not work:

     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in ?', a)
     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in ?', (a,))
     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in ?', ([a],)

and even this does not work:
     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in ?', a.__repr__())
     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in ?',
(a.__repr__(),))

surprisingly, this get executed be returns wrong result:
     cur.execute('select * from item where storeid in (\'?\'),
"','".join(a))
I guess the question mark gets escaped by the quotes the parameter is
ignored.

Regards,

Magdy Salam



From cga2000 at optonline.net  Wed Jul 26 03:08:04 2006
From: cga2000 at optonline.net (cga2000)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 03:08:04 -0400
Subject: Dive Into Python -- Still Being Updated?
In-Reply-To: <1153884743.819919.260900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153608516.070145.254800@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hfu1rrll1itq$.1qcnt52mwow02.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153884743.819919.260900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060726070804.GF17975@turki.gavron.org>

On Tue, Jul 25, 2006 at 11:32:23PM EDT, hanumizzle at gmail.com wrote:
> 
> Alan Franzoni wrote:
> > Il 22 Jul 2006 15:48:36 -0700, hanumizzle at gmail.com ha scritto:
> >
> > > http://diveintopython.org/getting_to_know_python/indenting_code.html
> > >
> > > The function called fib (presumably short for Fibonacci) appears to
> > > produce factorials. Anyway, 'fib' should really be called 'hem'. :)
> >
> > I think this is just a bad name for the function... it's not stated
> > anywhere that it should return a Fibonacci sequence.
> 
> Well, yeah, my point. It's misleading. 

.. a "fib".. as in "telling fibs.." 

so the function lies .. therefore it does not return a Fibonacci
sequence..

???


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 11:22:03 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 08:22:03 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <1152219454.404167.272240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152218247.957084.262150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152219454.404167.272240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152285723.624061.66720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Let me explain and give you some more details.

When I type "python" at the command prompt it shows the following info.
python 2.3.4 (#Feb 01 2005), GCC 3.4.3 20041212  Red Hat 3.4.3-9.EL4 on
linux2


In /usr/lib/ there are two directories called python 2.3 and python 2.4

In /usr/lib/python2.3/site-packages I could NOT find anything related
to wx and in particular

wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode
wx.pth
wxversion.py
wxversion.pyc


In /usr/lib/python2.4/ there is only one folder called site-packages
and NO other files.

So /usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/ has only one folder called
"wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode" and a file called " wx.pth" and another file
wx.version.py (and its compiler version wx.version.pyc). wx.pth
contains wx-2.6-gtk2-unicode

So, what my feeling is that I have python 2.3 and wx package is for
2.4. So my installed variant cannot find the wx package.

What is the easiest way from this point on to get my small wxPython app
running ???

Every help is appreciated.



Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> John,
> To see where Python is looking for libraries open an interactive Python
> prompt and type
> >>> import sys
> >>> print sys.path
> You will get a list of paths where Python will look for modules. Also
> check to see if you have the PYTHONPATH environment variable set. If
> /usr/lib is not in the path list then Python won't be able to import wx
> from there. To test your wx app, you can append to sys.path the path of
> your wx module then try to import again.
>
> Hope this helps,
> Nick V.
>
>
>
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > How can we find that it is not using the right version of Python ?
> >
> > John Salerno wrote:
> > > diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > > > Error message "cannot find wx"
> > > >
> > > > infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/
> > > >
> > > > I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I need
> > > > to set some path or something.
> > >
> > > Could it be that it is trying to use another, pre-installed version of
> > > Python -- one which doesn't have wxPython installed with it?



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 17:38:02 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:38:02 -0500
Subject: installing numpy:  problems with lapack, blas etc
In-Reply-To: <88362$44c534af$477ea507$5955@news.flashnewsgroups.com>
References: <88362$44c534af$477ea507$5955@news.flashnewsgroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea3ejf$sjv$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ken Dere wrote:
> I am trying to install numpy-0.9.8 prior to installing scipy (0.4.9) on a
> machine running Suse 10.0 with Python 2.4

Please join us on the numpy mailing list.

   http://www.scipy.org/Mailing_Lists

However, you should know now that Suse ships an incomplete ATLAS-optimized 
LAPACK library, and you will have to do some extra steps to get one that works. 
See this thread:

   http://projects.scipy.org/pipermail/scipy-user/2006-July/008681.html

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From drdpmalhotra at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 09:33:43 2006
From: drdpmalhotra at gmail.com (vmalhotra)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 06:33:43 -0700
Subject: Multiple Telnet sessions through one script
Message-ID: <1154352823.619882.20870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi

I am new in python scripting. I want to open a Multiple telnet session
through once script. In other way i can tell i want to open two linux
consoles through one script.

I wrote one script, but the issue is I am not able to open multiple
consoles. The Scripts which i wrote is as follows:

import pexpect
session = pexpect.spawn("telnet localhost 2601\n")
session.expect("Password: ")
session.send("XYZ\n\n")
session.expect("Router1> ")
session1 = pexpect.spawn("telnet localhost 2604\n")
session1.expect("Password: ")
session1.send("ABCD\n\n")
session1.expect("ospfd> ")
#session1.interact()
session1.interact()

output :
ospf>

But in this case, i want in one console router one can open and on
other console ospf should open. But this i want to do is through one
script only.

Regds
Vik



From belred at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:19:22 2006
From: belred at gmail.com (Bryan)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 07:19:22 -0700
Subject: wxHtmlHelpController
In-Reply-To: <e92vs9$p0s$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <e92vs9$p0s$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e930da$p0s$3@sea.gmane.org>

Bryan wrote:
> is it possible to get the list of search results from the search box from 
> wxPython's wxHtmlHelpControl without it displaying GUI?  i don't see an obvious 
> way to do this.
> 
> thanks,
> 
> bryan
> 

i meant wxPython's wxHtmlHelpController



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 17:52:54 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (pavlovevidence at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 14:52:54 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
Message-ID: <1153173174.104848.271260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Elmo M?ntynen wrote:
> Is there something better than using fnctl? It seems a bit intimidating
> with a quick look.

Although fcntl is pretty opaque, it's quite easy to use if all you want
is a simple exclusive lock for all your data.  The thing to keep in
mind is, you don't have to lock every file you want exclusive access
to.  In fact, doing that provides no added security (since it's an
advisory lock and programs are free to ignore it).  For simple cases,
locking one file and only accessing your data if you have that lock
works, and is very simple.

What I usually do is touch an empty file (say, "lockfile") in my data
directory.  I don't access any files in that directory unless I have a
lock to the lockfile.  This is done simply with (untested):

import fcntl

f = open("/path/to/data/directory/lockfile","r")
try:
    fcntl.flock(f.fileno(),fcntl.LOCK_EX)
    ...access data freely here...
finally:
    f.close()

Closing the file should release the lock (unless you have a truly
horrible operating system).


Carl Banks



From mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 07:59:17 2006
From: mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com (Mr. Roboto)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 04:59:17 -0700
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8513.1153811753.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153828757.460577.47650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Steve:  Thanx for reminding me.  I have that book around here
*someplace*.  Never finished it, but will dig it out pronto.  As you
so aptly point out, I want to develop more than experiment and who
better to learn from than the author of PyWin itself....

Steve Holden wrote:
> You almost certainly would regard a copy of Hammind and Robinson's
> "Python Programming on Win32" as remarkable value for money. It's an
> axcellent book, and even has examples fo how you can make a VBA
> application scriptable in Python.
>
> If you are more interested in developing functionality that
> experimenting, buying that book would save to a huge amount of time.
> 
> regards
>   Steve



From jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 12:47:59 2006
From: jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com (James Thiele)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:47:59 -0700
Subject: builtin function compile exceptions thrown?
Message-ID: <1153932479.374787.230890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

What exceptions (if any) can the python builtin compile() function
throw besides SyntaxError?



From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Fri Jul  7 12:18:33 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:18:33 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
Message-ID: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have this code:
type1 = [0]
type2 = [0]
type3 = [0]
map = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}  # the real map is
longer than this

def increment(value):
	map[value][0] += 1

increment(1)
increment(1)
increment(0)
increment(4)
#increment will actually be called many times through other functions
print type1[0], type2[0], type3[0]
#should print "3 1 0"

This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
cleaner way to have the same funtionality?

Thanks,
THN



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 04:50:57 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 01:50:57 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Lousy Attribute Name:
> > 	self.tmp
> >
> > Accessors:
> > 	set_temporary_buffer
> > 	get_temporary_buffer
> >
> > The attribute name I chose, "tmp" sucks.
>
> Well, it's surely not as descriptive as 'temporary_buffer'
>
> > I have used that name in
> > dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC.
>
> Too bad for you.

Thank you, that was helpful.

>
> > There's a chance that other
> > develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
> > emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
> > "tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.
>
> So why did you name it that way at first ?
>

What does it matter? There are 10 million and one reasons from given
identifiers bad names.

> > Now compare that
> > to the accessors.
>
> But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.

I didn't say it wasn't.
>
> > Not only do they improve readability
>
> Err... do you find:
>
> obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
> val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()
>
> really more readable than:
>
> obj.temporary_buffer = val
> val = obj.temporary_buffer

I didn't name the attribute temporary_buffer, I named it tmp.

>
> > at the expense
> > of more code,
>
> Indeed. In both the class and client code.
>
> > they actually allow me to change the lousily named
> > attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
> > searching, replacing and praying.
>
> You still fail to get the point. You actually choose a crappy name for a
> *public* property. It's *exactly* as if, in Java, you had named your
> getter/setter 'get_tmp' and 'set_tmp'.
>

No, it isn't. In Java there's a clear distinction between attributes
and methods.

> > Sure, if you are dealing with less
> > than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
> > But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
> > developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.
>
> Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.
>

I choose good names for most of my APIs. But there cases when you never
know an attribute will actually be an API before hand.

> > Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
> or 'tmp'.
>
> > But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> > less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
>
> s/developpers/you/
>

Ha, right! I bet you are perfect developer.

> > This
> > stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> > usually part of the API,
>
> Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
> *All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.
>

I didn't say attributes weren't objects.

> > as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
> > blah.
>
> Don't confuse encapsulation with data-hiding.

I don't see the confusion.

>
> > I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
> > philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
> > state their intended purpose.
>
> That's true for each and every name in a program.
>
> > I don't hold data attributes to such
> > standards
>
> Too bad for you.
>

Thank you.

> > and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
> > other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
> > attributes are not intended to be APIs,
>
> Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
> underscore).

I thought that too was unpythonic.

> > but eventually become one.
> > After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
> > methods.
>
> Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
> both callable and non-callable attributes.
>
Or objects have state and behavior. Data attributes represent state and
methods represent behavior.

> Mystilleef, I do share your pain (really - been here, done that,
> etc...), and I understand that grasping Python requires some mental
> adjustments when coming from Java and friends (been here, done that,
> etc...). But you seriously can't blame the language for your own mistakes.
>

You don't share my pain. You seem to mock it. I'm not new to Python
either. I've been using it for over 2 years in several capacities. I
only recently decided to use it for a large project.

> If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
> the bad naming.

I never intended it to be part of the API. It evolved to be an
important part of the system.

>If you didn't, then you're responsible for breaking the
> encapsulation - FWIW, following the convention (single leading
> underscore) could have make it clearer to you.
>In both cases, you
> happily used a bad name in 27 KLOC - so you really had a lot of time and
> occasions to notice something wrong with this.
>
That's nonsense. I only just noticed because I was trying to implement
a plug-in system and I needed to expose an important class. I would not
have considered the issue a problem without this requirement. Except
you are a prophet, you sometimes can't know before hand how certain
classes will end up being used especially if requirements suddenly
change. Saying it's my fault to make yourself feel better about your
favorite language doesn't help solve my problem. I didn't come here to
be berated. I came here to learn the Pythonic way to implementing
accessors. And of course how to deal with issues like the one I have in
medium size to large scale projects. People make mistakes, we deal with
an move on. Sheesh



From bootiack at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  1 06:34:06 2006
From: bootiack at yahoo.com (gavino)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 03:34:06 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
Message-ID: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
and no one gave an answer.
I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
 and then the backup agent restarted.
If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
connection is ssh.
How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
iterate through the 100 servers. 
What script would allow this?



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Wed Jul 26 16:14:17 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:14:17 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153944857.186332.141270@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

er,
...|\[[^\]]*\]|...
^_^

faulkner wrote:
> re.findall('\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*|\S+', s)
>
> Qiangning Hong wrote:
> > I've got some strings to split.  They are main words, but some words
> > are inside a pair of brackets and should be considered as one unit.  I
> > prefer to use re.split, but haven't written a working one after hours
> > of work.
> >
> > Example:
> >
> > "a (b c) d [e f g] h i"
> > should be splitted to
> > ["a", "(b c)", "d", "[e f g]", "h", "i"]
> >
> > As speed is a factor to consider, it's best if there is a single line
> > regular expression can handle this.  I tried this but failed:
> > re.split(r"(?![\(\[].*?)\s+(?!.*?[\)\]])", s).  It work for "(a b) c"
> > but not work "a (b c)" :(
> > 
> > Any hint?



From sjobless at rotten.apple.commie  Fri Jul 28 03:00:24 2006
From: sjobless at rotten.apple.commie (Steve Jobless)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 07:00:24 GMT
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44C9B607.B0FFBAC3@rotten.apple.commie>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> Steve Jobless wrote:
> > Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> >
> >>Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
> >>
> >>>The first case can be just a typo, like:
> >>>
> >>>  x.valeu = 5
> >>>
> >>>I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
> >>>would be unreadable :).
> >>
> >>Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
> >>errors can be trained.
> >
> >
> > I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
> > like this? (No, not really. But...)
> 
> There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
> said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
> is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
> caught almost immediatly.

I hope you are right. But I have yet to see the proof. Just empirical arguments.

> 
> >
> >>>The second case can be like:
> >>>
> >>>  x.next = y
> >>>  y.next = None
> >>>
> >>>to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
> >>>overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
> >>
> >>You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
> >>checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
> >>everything in life.
> >
> >
> > Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
> > decent Python knowledge would do that.
> > But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
> > anyone using name xxx?"
> 
> assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject)
> 
> > The class may be used by  developers I don't
> > even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...
> 
> How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given
> app doesn't impact the source code.

Say you are a 3rd party library developer. You can tell your customers
to check dir(MyClass), but you can't enforce it. Even if they do, just
updating your library could break THEIR code. It's not your fault, but
you have to patiently diagnose their problem and nicely tell them it's
their fault. It's not a good idea to call them "idiots." This may be an
extreme case, but it could happen within a single organization. You may
be in the framework group supporting several application groups.

> 
> >
> >>>If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
> >>>someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
> >>>horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
> >>>with.
> >>
> >>Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
> >>writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
> >>People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.
> >
> >
> > I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
> > another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...
> 
> If your boss is a bad programmer and doesn't know it, then you're in for
> trouble whatever the language.
> 
> >
> > Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:
> >
> > What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
> > (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
> > have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
> > But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
> > or over-ride functions.
> 
> Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose
> you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes
> are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for
> this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and
> maintaining your own branch.
> 

<IMHO>

Maybe it's cultural. But one aspect of OO is that you only need to know
what the object does (interface), but you don't have to (and better not)
know how it does (implementation). This is important because the class
implementor can enhance and/or optimize the class without breaking
users' code as long as the interface is compatible. (This is why most,
if not all, instance variables should be private. You can use
__getattr__/__setattr__, but they don't always work.) If you need to
customize a class, you should sub-class it using the public interface of
the base class. You better not mess with it from the outside because
updating the class can break your code. Unfortunately, I don't see a way
to separate interface from implementation in Python. So, it may not make
much difference whether you subclass it or hack it from the outside.

Python has some good features. The memory management using reference
counting with garbage collection is very attractive. It can even do
delegation! Unfortunately, it seems to be taking unnecessary risk. I was
hoping someone shows me a compelling reason to sacrifice the safety, but
I don't hear much. It looks pretty good as long as it is used by a small
group, especially for a small project. (Or Python is meant just for such
projects?) But I don't feel comfortable enough for a large project that
involves multiple groups including 3rd parties in a long duration. I
just wish those "features" would be removed or at least made optional.

</IMHO>

Have a good weekend, everyone.

SJ


From codecraig at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 09:27:24 2006
From: codecraig at gmail.com (abcd)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:27:24 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154092692.163998.227740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8653.1154091682.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154092130.286645.195460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneck39i.72t.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1154092692.163998.227740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154093244.104805.242540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

not sure why this passes:


>>> regex = r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'
>>> p = re.compile(regex)
>>> p.match('c:\\test')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D77E0>
>>> p.match('c:\\test?:/')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x009D7720>
>>>

the last example shouldnt give a match



From K.Wong at lboro.ac.uk  Fri Jul 28 04:12:10 2006
From: K.Wong at lboro.ac.uk (K.S.Wong)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:12:10 +0100
Subject: Py2exe for packaging installers?
Message-ID: <eacgsq$btg$1@sun-cc204.lut.ac.uk>

Hi all,

I am trying to find out what tools (platform-independent if possible) that I 
can use to package a goup (few) of installers to become an exe application. 
I have heard of Py2exe but have not use it before.  Could it be used to wrap 
different installers (for example Python and Leo, python-based application) 
together? Does the installers have to be python-based to be able to use 
Py2exe? Are there any other alternatives?

Many thanks in advance for your advice

regards
Casey Wong 




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 03:45:38 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:45:38 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c86f23$0$25148$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Ray wrote:
<ot>Ray, please, don't top-post</ot>

(snip)
> Also having to check whether a name has already existed can be a major
> pain in the butt with Python.

assert 'somename' not in dir(someObject)

(snip)

> Regarding the lack of privacy, 

s/privacy/language-inforced access restriction/

> --I guess I've been doing Java too long :)

indeed !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 17 14:57:51 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:57:51 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

oh, sorry, what i mean by dropped is that the server i am connecting to
can close the connection. If that happens, i need to know about it.
i also need to know about it if the server i am connecting to just
dies.

if recv() returns "" is that the same as NONE ?
again, sorry, i am still kinda new at this.
I mean can the value be tested true or false?

thanks
-sk


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>
> > hey there, i have a question about this solution.
> > if i have a
> > message = socket.recv()
> > in the script, and the socket connection drops, will the
> > socket.recv() just wait forever for something to come across
> > the internet port? or will it know if the connection is dropped?
>
> As I said before, if the socket is closed by the remote host,
> recv() will return "".
>
> I don't know what you mean by "drops" and "dropped" in this
> context.  If you want a useful answer to your question, you'll
> have to define your terms precisely.
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm CONTROLLED by
>                                   at               the CIA!! EVERYONE is
>                                visi.com            controlled by the CIA!!



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 11:04:20 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 08:04:20 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
>
> > In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> > changed by the object.
>
> IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
> something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
> completely self-contained in their behavior.
>

Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.

> In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
> whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
> intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
> There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
> calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
> state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
>

It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous. I
gave an example earlier.

> > For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
> > lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
> > And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
> > on the whackyness of your toolkit.
>
> That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
> doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
> in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
> call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
> a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
> being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
> difference.
>

Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
be met. Or to control access to an objects states.

> > So sometimes, it is my duty to protect the state of an object.
>
> Of course.
>
> > Which is programming objects based almost entirely on state and behavior.
> > As you can see this has nothing to do with Python vs Java's vs X's
> > implementation of accessors and how using them sucks, or how they aren't
> > Pythonic. Some domains just require this stuff.
>
> Yes, but you seem to still be stuck in the paradigm that setting the state
> is behavior if it comes from the outside -- probably because some languages
> implement that way.
>

Not at all. Behaviors are just methods of an object. They are behaviors
whether they are called internally or externally.

> I'm not (yet) a Python programmer. To be honest, the one single feature
> that attracted me to Python is the structuring by indenting... I never
> understood why we have to indent (to be able to read) /and/ brace (to make
> the compiler happy) in other languages -- I always thought that if
> indenting helps me to understand the structure, the compiler should be able
> to read exactly that :)
>
> I come from a mostly C/C++/Java/PHP background, apparently similar to
> yours. GUI, embedded, whatever. But I can understand that the difference
> you are making is not based in a concept, it is based in an implementation.
>
> It is an artificial difference to say that
>
>   o.is_active = true
>
> is modifying state, whereas
>
>   o.set_active( true )
>
> is dealing with behavior. Either way you are changing the state. Behavior,
> that is, doing something, implies state change, one way or another,
> sometimes relevant, sometimes not. There are (often embedded) systems, and
> well-designed ones, that basically don't deal with what you call behavior
> at all and handle everything through state change (of signals). Such
> systems can be rock-solid and quite complex, and have a lot of "behavior".
> And there are systems that do everything through what you call behavior
> (e.g. getter/setter type implementations). Both types can work, both can
> achieve the exactly same; this is just an implementation detail.
>

If all set_active does is change is_active's state, then set_active is
pointless. See above for my point on the issue.

> > And this is why many overzealous OO languages do "force" you to use
> > accessors.
>
> I'm not sure why you keep on harping on this. It seems to have been clearly
> stated that in Python, every attribute /is/ an implied getter/setter pair
> -- it's up to you to just let the language use the default (simple)
> implementation, or override it with your own logic. It is also up to you to
> call this added logic then a feature of "behavior" or of "state".
>
> > Thinking in terms of state and behavior is, because it works regardless
> > of programming language or implementations.
>
> Agreed. But the distinction is not universal, objective, it is subjective.
> Where you make it is your choice. As the examples above show, there are
> well-working solid systems out there that work on both ends of your
> spectrum: only behavior is exposed, or only state is exposed. Both can
> achieve the same. It is a subjective choice to call this
>
>   o.is_active = true
>
> state or behavior... the underlying setter implementation for is_active can
> do everything you want your behavior to be -- or it can be the simple
> straightforward default setter. It's just a subjective thing to say that
> this is in the realm of behavior or of state. Didn't you say that state
> changes can crash a system? That's behavior, as far as I am concerned :)
> And there is little if any behavior that doesn't change the state --
> especially setters are known to do that :)
>
> Gerhard

State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective. It
is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
it is because I thought is was common knowledge. And behaviors are not
just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Fri Jul 14 01:07:13 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 07:07:13 +0200
Subject: Line by line execution of python code
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8141.1152815691.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8141.1152815691.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b72681$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Justin Powell wrote:
> Hi, I'm looking for suggestions on how to accomplish something in python.  If
> this is the wrong list for such things, I appologize and please disregard the
> rest.

No, this is totally the right place.


> My application needs to allow users to create scripts which will be executed
> in a statement-by-statement fashion.  Here's a little pseudo-code:
> 
> def someUserProgram():
> 	while 1:
> 		print "I am a user program"
> 		
> def mainProgram():
> 	someProgram = someUserProgram
> 	while 1:
> 		print "Doing some stuff here"
> 		executeOneStatement(someProgram)
> 
> def executeOneStatement(program):
> 	# What goes in here?
> 
> I would expect the output to look like this:
> 
> Doing some stuff here 
> Doing some stuff here 
> I am a sub program 
> Doing some stuff here 
> Doing some stuff here 
> I am a sub program
> etc.
> 
> It's possible to use generators to accomplish this, but unfortunately a
> state-ment by statement executing would require that every other statement is
> a yield.  That would either force the users to put in a yield after every
> statement, or require a mechanism that parses the source and inserts yield
> statement before execution.  Neither of these are really satisfactory.

Hmm, ok, so you don't want to manually interfere with the partial programs.
What I could think of is some form of code manipulation where you scan the
source code of the function you get passed and add a yield after each statement.

http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/inspect-source.html
http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/module-parser.html


> The other methods I've considered for doing this cleanly (subclassing the
> debugger, or the interactive interpreter) seem to revolve around sys.settrace
> and a callback trace function. I couldn't figure out a way to use this
> mechanism to resume the main loop from the trace function, and then also
> resume the user program the next time around, without the call stack just
> spiraling out of control.

I assume that tracing would be a good solution, though. Maybe someone else can
tell you how to use it better than I could.

You should tell us a bit more about the actual use case, i.e. *why* you need
this. Maybe there's a better solution to the whole problem after all.

Stefan


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:14:33 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:14:33 +0200
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152772313.183491.257250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152772313.183491.257250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95v1n$e1i$1@sea.gmane.org>

placid wrote:

> Why is there old and new classes? What are the differences?

the "what's new" document for the release where they were introduced 
(2.2) contains a nice overview, written from a "before and after" 
perspective:

     http://www.python.org/doc/2.2.3/whatsnew/sect-rellinks.html

(however, the exact details of the MRO algorithm was changed in 2.3; see
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.3/mro for the full story)

</F>



From grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au  Sat Jul 29 23:55:13 2006
From: grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au (Graham Feeley)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 13:55:13 +1000
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au><44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<mailman.8704.1154205950.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cc2d9f$0$22360$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>

Well Well Well, Anthra you are a clever person, Are
nt you!!!!
I nearly fell over when i read your post.
Would it help if we used another web site to gather data????
As you stated the tables are not all that well structured.
well I will give thisone  a go first and if there is anything I can do for 
you just ask and I will try my best.
I really appreciate what you have done.
Of course I will try to follow your code to see if any will fall on 
me....LOL
Regards
Graham

"Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message 
news:mailman.8704.1154205950.27775.python-list at python.org...
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au>
> Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
> To: <python-list at python.org>
> Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 5:11 PM
> Subject: Re: Newbie..Needs Help
>
>
>> Thanks Nick for the reply
>> Of course my first post was a general posting to see if someone would be
>> able to help
>> here is the website which holds the data I require
>> http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo
>>
>> The fields required are as follows
>>  NSW Tab
>> #      Win      Place
>>  2    $4.60   $2.40
>>  5                $2.70
>>  1                $1.30
>>  Quin    $23.00
>>  Tri  $120.70
>> Field names are
>> Date   ( not important )
>> Track................= Bendigo
>> RaceNo............on web page
>> Res1st...............2
>> Res2nd..............5
>> Res3rd..............1
>> Div1..................$4.60
>> DivPlc...............$2.40
>> Div2..................$2.70
>> Div3..................$1.30
>> DivQuin.............$23.00
>> DivTrif...............$120.70
>> As you can see there are a total of 6 meetings involved and I would need 
>> to
>> put in this parameter ( =bdgo) or (=gosf) these are the meeting tracks
>>
>> Hope this more enlightening
>> Regards
>> graham
>>
>
> Graham,
>
> Only a few days ago I gave someone a push who had a very similar problem. 
> I handed him code ready to run. I am doing it again for
> you.
>      The site you use is much harder to interpret than the other one was 
> and so I took the opportunity to experimentally stretch
> the envelope of a new brain child of mine: a stream editor called SE. It 
> is new and so I also take the opportunity to demo it.
>      One correspondent in the previous exchange was Paul McGuire, the 
> author of 'pyparse'. He made a good case for using 'pyparse'
> in situations like yours. Unlike a stream editor, a parser reads structure 
> in addition to data and can relate the data to its
> context.
>      Anlayzing the tables I noticed that they are poorly structured: The 
> first column contains both data and ids. Some records are
> shorter than others, so column ids have to be guessed and hard coded. 
> Missing data sometimes is a dash, sometimes nothing. The
> inconsistencies seem to be consistent, though, down the eight tables of 
> the page. So they can be formalized with some confidence
> that they are systematic. If Paul could spend some time on this, I'd be 
> much interested to see how he would handle the relative
> disorder.
>      Another thought: The time one invests in developing a program should 
> not exceed the time it can save overall (not talking
> about recreational programming). Web pages justify an extra measure of 
> caution, because they may change any time and when they do
> they impose an unscheduled priority every time the reader stops working 
> and requires a revision.
>
> So, here is your program. I write it so you can copy the whole thing to a 
> file. Next copy SE from the Cheese Shop. Unzip it and put
> both SE.PY and SEL.PY where your Python progams are. Then 'execfile' the 
> code in an IDLE window, call 'display_horse_race_data
> ('Bendigo', '27/07/2006') and see what happens. You'll have to wait ten 
> seconds or so.
>
> Regards
>
> Frederic
>
> ######################################################################################
>
> TRACKS = { 'New Zealand' : '',
>           'Bendigo'     : 'bdgo',
>           'Gosford'     : 'gosf',
>           'Northam'     : 'nthm',
>           'Port Augusta': 'pta',
>           'Townsville'  : 'town',
>         }
>
>
> # This function does it all once all functions are loaded. If nothing 
> shows, the
> # page has not data.
>
> def display_horse_race_data (track, date, clip_summary = 100):
>
>   """
>      tracks: e.g. 'Bendigo' or 'bdgo'
>      date: e.g. '27/07/2006'
>      clip_summary: each table has a long summary header.
>        the argument says hjow much of it to show.
>   """
>
>   if track [0].isupper ():
>      if TRACKS.has_key (track):
>         track = TRACKS [track]
>      else:
>         print 'No such track %s' % track
>         return
>   open ()
>   header, records = get_horse_race_data (track, date)
>   show_records (header, records, clip_summary)
>
>
>
> ######################################################################################
>
>
> import SE, urllib
>
> _is_open = 0
>
> def open ():
>
>   global _is_open
>
>   if not _is_open:   # Skip repeat calls
>
>      global Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, 
> CSV_Maker
>
>      # Making the following Editors is a step-by-step process, adding one 
> element at a time and
>      # looking at what it does and what should be done next.
>      # Get pertinent data segments
>      header            = ' "~(?i)Today\'s Results - .+?<div 
> style="padding-top:5px;">~==*END*OF*HEADER*" '
>      race_summary      = ' "~(?i)Race [1-9].*?</font><br>~==" '
>      data_segment      = ' "~(?i)<table border=0 width=100% cellpadding=0 
> cellspacing=0>(.|\n)*?</table>~==*END*OF*SEGMENT*" '
>      Data_Filter = SE.SE (' <EAT> ' + header + race_summary + 
> data_segment)
>
>      # Some data items are empty. Fill them with a dash.
>      mark_null_data = ' "~(?i)>\s*&nbsp;\s*</td>~=>-" '
>      Null_Data_Marker = SE.SE (mark_null_data + ' "&nbsp;= " ')
>
>      # Dump the tags
>      eat_tags     = ' "~<(.|\n)*?>~=" '
>      eat_comments = ' "~<!--(.|\n)*?-->~=" '
>      Tag_Stripper = SE.SE (eat_tags + eat_comments + ' (13)= ')
>
>      # Visual inspection is easier without all those tabs and empty lines
>      Space_Deflator = SE.SE ('"~\n[\t ]+~=(10)" "~[\t ]+\n=(10)" | 
> "~\n+~=(10)"')
>
>      # Translating line breaks to tabs will make a tab-delimited CSV
>      CSV_Maker = SE.SE ( '(10)=(9)' )
>
>      _is_open = 1   # Block repeat calls
>
>
>
> def close ():
>
>   """Call close () if you want to free up memory"""
>
>   global Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, 
> CSV_Maker
>   del Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, 
> CSV_Maker
>   urllib.urlcleanup ()
>   del urllib
>   del SE
>
>
>
> def get_horse_race_data (track, date):
>
>   """tracks: 'bndg' or (the other one)
>      date: e.g. '27/07/2006'
>      The website shows partial data or none at all, probably depending on
>      race schedules. The relevance of the date in the url is unclear.
>   """
>
>   def make_url (track, date):
>      return 
> 'http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=%s&meetings=%s' 
> % (date, track)
>
>   page = urllib.urlopen (make_url (track, date))
>   p = page.read ()
>   page.close ()
>   # When developing the program, don't get the file from the internet on
>   # each call. Download it and read it from the hard disk.
>
>   raw_data = Data_Filter (p)
>   raw_data_marked = Null_Data_Marker (raw_data)
>   raw_data_no_tags = Tag_Stripper (raw_data_marked)
>   raw_data_compact = Space_Deflator (raw_data_no_tags)
>   data = CSV_Maker (raw_data_compact)
>   header, tables = data.split ('*END*OF*HEADER*', 1)
>   records = tables.split ('*END*OF*SEGMENT*')
>   return header, records [:-1]
>
>
>
> def show_record (record, clip_summary = 100):
>
>   """clip_summary: None will display it all"""
>
>   # The records all have 55 fields.
>   # These are the relevant indexes:
>   SUMMARY                   =  0
>   FIRST                     =  8
>   FIRST_NSWTAB_WIN          =  9
>   FIRST_NSWTAB_PLACE        = 10
>   FIRST_TABCORP_WIN         = 11
>   FIRST_TABCORP_PLACE       = 12
>   FIRST_UNITAB_WIN          = 13
>   FIRST_UNITAB_PLACE        = 14
>   SECOND                    = 15
>   SECOND_NSWTAB_PLACE       = 17
>   SECOND_TABCORP_PLACE      = 19
>   SECOND_UNITAB_PLACE       = 21
>   THIRD                     = 22
>   THIRD_NSWTAB_PLACE        = 23
>   THIRD_TABCORP_PLACE       = 24
>   THIRD_UNITAB_PLACE        = 25
>   QUIN_NSWTAB_PLACE         = 28
>   QUIN_TABCORP_PLACE        = 30
>   QUIN_UNITAB_PLACE         = 32
>   EXACTA_NSWTAB_PLACE       = 35
>   EXACTA_TABCORP_PLACE      = 37
>   EXACTA_UNITAB_PLACE       = 39
>   TRI_NSWTAB_PLACE          = 41
>   TRI_TABCORP_PLACE         = 42
>   TRI_UNITAB_PLACE          = 43
>   DDOUBLE_NSWTAB_PLACE      = 46
>   DDOUBLE_TABCORP_PLACE     = 48
>   DDOUBLE_UNITAB_PLACE      = 50
>   SUB_SCR_NSW               = 52
>   SUB_SCR_TABCORP           = 53
>   SUB_SCR_UNITAB            = 54
>
>   if clip_summary == None:
>      print record [SUMMARY]
>   else:
>      print record [SUMMARY] [:clip_summary] + '...'
>      print
>
>   # Your specification:
>   # Date   ( not important )          -> In url and summary of first 
> record
>   # Track................= Bendigo    -> In url and summary of first 
> record
>   # RaceNo............on web page     -> In summary (index of record + 1?)
>   # Res1st...............2
>   # Res2nd..............5
>   # Res3rd..............1
>   # Div1..................$4.60
>   # DivPlc...............$2.40
>   # Div2..................$2.70
>   # Div3..................$1.30
>   # DivQuin.............$23.00
>   # DivTrif...............$120.70
>
>   print 'Res1st  > %s' % record [FIRST]
>   print 'Res2nd  > %s' % record [SECOND]
>   print 'Res3rd  > %s' % record [THIRD]
>   print 'Div1    > %s' % record [FIRST_NSWTAB_WIN]
>   print 'DivPlc  > %s' % record [FIRST_NSWTAB_PLACE]
>   print 'Div2    > %s' % record [SECOND_NSWTAB_PLACE]
>   print 'Div3    > %s' % record [THIRD_NSWTAB_PLACE]
>   print 'DivQuin > %s' % record [QUIN_NSWTAB_PLACE]
>   print 'DivTrif > %s' % record [TRI_NSWTAB_PLACE]
>
>   # Add others as you like from the list of index names above
>
>
>
> def show_records (header, records, clip_summary = 100):
>
>   print '\n%s\n' % header
>   for record in records:
>      show_record (record.split ('\t'), clip_summary)
>      print '\n'
>
>
> ##########################################################################
> #
> # show_records (records, 74) displays:
> #
> # Today's Results - 27/07/2006 BENDIGO
> #
> # Race 1 results:Carlsruhe Roadhouse Mdn Plate $11,000 2yo Maiden 1400m 
> Appr...
> #
> # Res1st  > 2
> # Res2nd  > 5
> # Res3rd  > 1
> # Div1    > $4.60
> # DivPlc  > $2.40
> # Div2    > $2.70
> # Div3    > $1.30
> # DivQuin > $23.00
> # DivTrif > $120.70
> #
> #
> # Race 2 results:Gerard K. House P/L Mdn Plate $11,000 3yo Maiden 1400m 
> Appr...
> #
> # Res1st  > 6
> # Res2nd  > 7
> # Res3rd  > 5
> # Div1    > $3.50
> # DivPlc  > $1.60
> # Div2    > $2.60
> # Div3    > $1.40
> # DivQuin > $18.60
> # DivTrif > $75.80
> #
> #
> # Race 3 results:Richard Cambridge Printers Mdn $11,000 3yo Maiden 1400m 
> Appr...
> #
> # Res1st  > 11
> # Res2nd  > 12
> # Res3rd  > 1
> # Div1 ...
> #
> # ... etc
> #
>
>
> 




From pyguru at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 23:08:38 2006
From: pyguru at gmail.com (pyguru at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 20:08:38 -0700
Subject: Installation of python on my workspace.
Message-ID: <1152155318.294350.105550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I had two questions. I am new to Unix and Python. I wanted to get
python installed on my unix terminal without too much interference from
the administrator. How can I do this?

It seems python is already installed at some location. But when i type
Idle I am not able to get the Integrated Environment(IDLE). There is
already the Tkinter.py installed . Do i have to modify my profile and
add any environment variables to my .profile to get it going.

I would greatly appreciate it, if anyone could help me with this.
Thanks.



From mcPas.De.Spam at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com  Thu Jul 13 12:34:19 2006
From: mcPas.De.Spam at mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com (Michel Claveau)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:34:19 +0200
Subject: WMI Help
References: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>
Message-ID: <mn.6c5a7d67cd094a38.34209@mclaveauPas.De.Spam.com>

Hi!

Win32_PhysicalMedia WMI class is available only on Windows 2003 or XP

Then, swap  Admin <=> Normal_user

-- 
@-salutations

Michel Claveau




From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 15:59:16 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 12:59:16 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <1154361998.861851.157210@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154361998.861851.157210@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154375956.397032.166310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Philippe Martin wrote:
> > Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.
>
> To turn BCD x to binary integer y,
>
>   set y to zero
>   for each nibble n of x:
>     y = (((y shifted left 2) + y) shifted left 1) + n

Yeah yeah yeah
i.e. y = y * 10 + n
he's been shown that already.

Problem is that the OP needs an 8-decimal-digit (32-bits) answer, but
steadfastly maintains that he doesn't "have access to" long (32-bit)
arithmetic in his C compiler!!!

>
> Do you need instruction on extracting nibbles, and shifting and
> adding integers?
> 
> A problem this small and simple does not call for a prototype.



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 26 13:13:22 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:13:22 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153913826.955718.151880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<slrnec9cnh.18t.davidcook@david-cooks-powerbook-g4-17.local>
	<1153742350.379921.327120@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153897927.268046.209160@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153913826.955718.151880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153934002.559963.249200@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Ray wrote:

> > But you can't compile a Python module into a dotNet library that is
> > used from C# which is the very essence of the CLR. IronPython is not
> > more usefull than PythonNet.
>
> At least for my case I will use IronPython for higher level task, and
> perhaps calls libraries written in C# instead of the other way around,
> plus you can leave your module as scripts anyway. If what you want from
> C# is accessing Python's power then you can always host the IronPython
> engine can't you?

Yes, it is a two-way scripting. But then you can also access the
CPython interpreter as a dll. Another promising approach is that of a
CLR backend for PyPy but it compiles only RPython directly and one
needs a separate interpreter for anything more advanced in Python.

O.K. Let me do a constructive suggestion here. In order to demonstrate
the usefullness of the Python + .NET bridge why not writing a nice
little application? I've once written a Python console using
CPython+Scintilla+PythonNet. It is still buggy but feature complete (
at least I implemented all requirements I had to make ). One can
replace PythonNet using IronPython and embedd the console in a little
IronPython application.

If you are interested in this stuff I would start reanimating my code.
You can mail me at kay at fiber-space.de



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 12:32:37 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:32:37 -0500
Subject: pasting numpy array into bigger array
In-Reply-To: <m3vepk4krj.fsf@calvin.watterson>
References: <1153907985.218661.28380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<m3vepk4krj.fsf@calvin.watterson>
Message-ID: <ea85en$6c0$1@sea.gmane.org>

Tim Heaney wrote:

> I think it's a shame there isn't any free documentation for numpy.

Tosh.

http://www.scipy.org/Tentative_NumPy_Tutorial
http://www.scipy.org/Numpy_Example_List
http://www.scipy.org/doc/numpy_api_docs/numpy.html

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From john.hicken at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 14:14:25 2006
From: john.hicken at gmail.com (John Hicken)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 11:14:25 -0700
Subject: Size of hard drive and Mp3 tags functions
Message-ID: <1152468865.923738.234060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm creating a Python program to pick a random set of mp3s, to copy to
my mp3 player, so I can regularly get a new set to listen to.

Anyway, there are two sorts of functions that could be useful.
1) A function that gives the size of a hard drive (or other drive, in
this case the mp3 player itself), and/or the space remaining.
2)A function/functions to read the ID tags of an MP3 file.

Doesn't anyone here know if functions like that exist for Python?
Ideally these would be built-in functions, or in the modules that come
with Python.  This is for Windows by the way. 

John Hicken



From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Sun Jul 23 21:21:58 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 18:21:58 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
In-Reply-To: <1153690462.571676.63780@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153663897.044189.264360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153690462.571676.63780@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153704117.971389.112040@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> Jim wrote:
> > No, I'll bet that you'd like to run something like
> >   self.dcCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
> > idalbum,path) VALUES (%(track)s, %(nbr)s,
> > %(idartist)s,%(idalbum)s,'%(path)s')",
> > {'track':track,'nbr':nbr,'idartist':idartist,'idalbum':idalbum,'path':path})
> > (only without my typos).  That's an improvment for a number of reasons,
> > one of which is that the system will quote for you, for instance in
> > idartist="John's Beer" changing the single quote to two single quotes
> > to suit SQL.
> I see no improvement here.
>
> The OP's code is effectively::
>
>   sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ..., path) VALUES ('%s', ..., '%s')"
>   value_tuple = (track, ...., path)
>   self.dcCursor.execute(sql % value_tuple)
>
> Your suggested replacement is effectively:
>
>   sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ...,path) VALUES (%(track)s,
> ...,'%(path)s')"
>   str_fmt_dict = {'track':track, ...,'path':path}
>   self.dcCursor.execute(sql, str_fmt_dict)
>
> Well, that won't run at all. Let's correct the presumed typo:
>
>    self.dcCursor.execute(sql % str_fmt_dict)
I'm sorry, that wasn't a typo.  I was using what the dBapi 2.0 document
calls 'pyformat' (see the text under "paramstyle" in that document).

> Now, the only practical difference is that you have REMOVED the OP's
> explicit quoting of the first column value. Changing the string
> formatting from the %s style to the %(column_name) style achieves
> nothing useful. You are presenting the "system" with a constant SQL
> string -- it is not going to get any chance to fiddle with the quoting.
> However the verbosity index has gone off the scale: each column name is
> mentioned 4 times (previously 1).
Gee, I like the dictionary; it has a lot of advantages.

> I would suggest the standard default approach:
>
>   sql = "INSERT INTO track (name, ..., path) VALUES (?, ..., ?)"
>   value_tuple = (track, ...., path)
>   self.dcCursor.execute(sql, value_tuple)
>
> The benefits of doing this include that the DBAPI layer gets to
> determine the type of each incoming value and the type of the
> corresponding DB column, and makes the appropriate adjustments,
> including quoting each value properly, if quoting is necessary.
I'll note that footnote [2] of the dBapi format indicates some
preference for pyformat over the format above, called there 'qmark'.
But it all depends on what the OP is using to connect to the dB; their
database module may well force them to choose a paramstyle, AIUI.

Anyway, the point is that to get quote escaping right, to prevent SQL
injection, etc., paramstyles are better than direct string %-ing.

Jim



From lutz at rmi.net  Tue Jul 18 13:37:32 2006
From: lutz at rmi.net (lutz at rmi.net)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:37:32 -0600 (GMT-06:00)
Subject: Fall Python training seminar in Colorado
Message-ID: <22836570.1153244253369.JavaMail.root@mswamui-andean.atl.sa.earthlink.net>

Mark Lutz's Python Training Services is pleased to announce that
our Fall 2006 public Colorado seminar is now open.  This 5-day
Python training event will be held November 6 through November 10.

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a resort in Estes Park, Colorado.  Estes Park is a mountain town 
80 miles from Denver's airport, and gateway to Rocky Mountain 
National Park.

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in the beautiful Colorado Rockies, and let us handle the details of
your visit.  We will be providing students with rooms at the resort,
three full meals per day, a guided sightseeing tour, shuttle service
to and from the Denver airport, and our new "Snake Charmers" T-shirt.

Besides the included amenities, the extended format of this session
will allow for in-depth coverage of class topics.  Like all our 
public classes, this seminar will be taught by best-selling Python
author and trainer Mark Lutz, and is open to individual enrollments.

For more details, please see our web page:

http://home.earthlink.net/~python-training/public.html

Python Training Services



From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:03:23 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:03:23 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44be0387_3@news.bluewin.ch>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> empty_list = []
> bool(empty_list) is False
> => True

it's just a pity that the symmetric expression

list(False) is []

doesn't hold.

I guess the problem is that if list(False) was thus defined, it would be 
difficult not to define list(True). And then the zen of Python clashes

"In the presence of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess".

OTOH, my favorite there would be

list(True) is [None]

together with

list(n) == n*[None] for all positive integers n

Cheers, BB
--
666 ?? - 666 ~ .666 ~ 2/3 ~ 1-1/3 ~ tertium  non datur ~ the excluded middle
              ~ "either with us, or against us" !!


From nospam at invalid.com  Sat Jul 15 13:42:01 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 10:42:01 -0700
Subject: Python for Embedded Systems?
References: <0t-dnYAY8vmSTyrZnZ2dnUVZ_qmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152958899.101978.137740@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <n72dnUxdH493tSTZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@comcast.com>

Yes, I mean Lua, not Loa  :-p

Lua is a nice language. Like you said, it doesn't have many libraries
as Python does. Plus, it's still evolving and the libraries are changing.
I found a few functions not working last time I tried kepler libraries.
It's good for embedded systems though because of its small footprint.
Extensions implemented in C makes it possible that the installation size
doesn't blow up when new stuff is added, like in Python.

But I still like Python better for its power and for the style of the 
language
itself. And I was hoping to find a Python implementation that bears the
principles of Lua to make it suitable for embedded systems :)

>> PHP may fit but I don't quite like the language. Anything else?
>> Loa is small but it does not seem to be powerful enough.

>You mean Lua ? Not powerful enough ? What do you mean by
>that ? Lua is great IMHO. Sure it does not come with thousands
>of libraries, but the language design is extremely clean, the
>language constructs powerful and the footprint very small.

>16kloc of C code can't hurt your embedded device can they ? ;)

>Please tell us what kind of limitation you find in Lua ...

>Cheers,

>SB




From elmo13 at jippii.fi  Sat Jul 15 16:56:00 2006
From: elmo13 at jippii.fi (=?iso-8859-1?q?Elmo_M=E4ntynen?=)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:56:00 +0300
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>

Is there something better than using fnctl? It seems a bit intimidating
with a quick look.


From myersoft at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 18:48:13 2006
From: myersoft at gmail.com (myersoft at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 15:48:13 -0700
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
In-Reply-To: <GRgxg.1262$Cn6.921@tornado.texas.rr.com>
References: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<GRgxg.1262$Cn6.921@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <1153867693.727100.253850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Yes, you were right it was already there (sorry, my mistake), the
bigger problem is how do I send an ack packet????????

Joe Knapka wrote:
> myersoft at gmail.com wrote:
>
> > I need my udp server to send an ACK back to the client when it
> > successfully receives data from the client to let it know not to retry
> > the send (yes, I do know this is how TCP works but must be in UDP)
> > I am using this example code I found on the net for the server, I need
> > to figure out how to get the ip and port that the client transmitted
> > from and return an ack response. Any help would be greatly
> > appreciated..........
> >
> > from socket import *
> >
> > # Set the socket parameters
> > host = "localhost"
> > port = 21567
> > buf = 1024
> > addr = (host,port)
> >
> > # Create socket and bind to address
> > UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> > UDPSock.bind(addr)
> >
> > # Receive messages
> > while 1:
> > 	data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)
>
> Um... There's the sender's address, right there,
> per the documentation for recvfrom(), which you
> seem to have read, since you know recvfrom()
> returns a 2-item sequence.
>
> No doubt you realized that seconds after hitting
> "send".
> 
> -- JK



From liupeimail at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:52:17 2006
From: liupeimail at gmail.com (liupei)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:52:17 -0700
Subject: mysqldb problem
Message-ID: <1153317137.705813.227380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

when I set mysql some fields collate utf8_bin, and then fetch these
fields is array.array,not the string I expected



From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 17:22:38 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 14:22:38 -0700
Subject: Fix for a Tktable bug....
In-Reply-To: <1152646302.627855.138120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152643722.596242.241020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152646302.627855.138120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152652958.571582.187110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> jerry.levan at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hi,
> > I have a Tktable object (self.table) and when I click on a row the
> > whole row is selected.
> >
> > If I click of a button to get the row contents then
> >
> > self.table.curselection() fails with a traceback of:
> >
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File
> > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/lib-tk/Tkinter.py",
> > line 1345, in __call__
> >     return self.func(*args)
> >   File "/Users/jerry/python/PyPgExplorerUni/Resources/editor.py", line
> > 159, in deleteRow
> >     print self.table.curselection()
> >   File
> > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> > line 139, in curselection
> >     return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
> >   File
> > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4/lib/python2.4/Tktable.py",
> > line 106, in _getCells
> >     for i in string.split(cellString):
> >   File
> > "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.4//lib/python2.4/string.py",
> > line 292, in split
> >     return s.split(sep, maxsplit)
> > AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'split'
> >
> > It is my reading that curselection will return the indices of the
> > selected cells...
> >
> > Help,
> >
> > Jerry
>
> looking into Tktable the curselection function is defined by:
>
>     def curselection(self, setValue = None):
> 		if setValue != None:
> 			self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection', 'set', setValue)
> 		else:
> 			return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))
>
> looking at getCells we see:
>
>     def _getCells(self, cellString):
>               #JHL
>               print cellString
> 		res = []
> 		for i in string.split(cellString):
> 			res.append(tuple(map(int, string.split(i, ','))))
> 		return res
>
> When I run my program and select a row the value of cellString is
>
>        ('3,0', '3,1', '3,2', '3,3', '3,4', '3,5', '3,6')
>
> Which is the correct results...( ie the "fourth" row is selected and
> there are six
> columns...
>
> Unfortunately the above is *not* a string and hence the "for" statement
> fails.
>
> It is hard to believe that I am the first person to attempt to retrieve
> a selection
> from a Tktable object....
>
> Am I overlooking something obvious?
>
> Jerry

I think I have found a bug in the Tktable.py wrapper.

It appears that if a row is selected in a Tktable (in Python)
then any attempt to fetch the selection with curselection
fails when a string operation is performed on a "tuple"

the relevant routines in Tktable.py are:


   def curselection(self, setValue = None):
		if setValue != None:
			self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection', 'set', setValue)
		else:
			return self._getCells(self.tk.call(self._w, 'curselection'))

curselection will call _getCells

    def _getCells(self, cellString):
		res = []
                #JHL
                if type(cellString) == type(()) : return cellString
		for i in string.split(cellString):
			res.append(tuple(map(int, string.split(i, ','))))
		return res

I added the "if type( ...." line to prevent the error.

If a table row is selected cellString will look like

('3,0', '3,1', '3,2', '3,3', '3,4', '3,5', '3,6')

which is of type "tuple" which fails the string.split command ;(

I suspect it is probably best to just short circuit the call to
_getCells.

The following routine (with the above patch )will correctly retrieve
the contents
of a selected row.

   def deleteRow(self):
        res = self.table.curselection()
        for index in res :
            print self.table.get(index)

Tain't clear to me where this should be reported

Jerry



From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 02:52:02 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 23:52:02 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152773522.905567.45020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Clay_Culver at yahoo.com wrote:
> I need to find out if an object is a class.
> Which is quite simply awful...does anyone know of a better way to do
> this?

inspect.isclass

     M.S.



From guthrie at mum.edu  Fri Jul 21 12:37:46 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:37:46 -0500
Subject: Language Design: list_for scope?
Message-ID: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

I'm pretty new to Python, and trying to parse the grammar.

Q: What is the scope of the testlist in a list_for?

For example;
Instead of;
      for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
in this:
      for x in dict and dict[x]=="thing":
x is undefined.

And why doesn't this work:
	for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing":

Any insights/hints on why it is broken?

Thanks,
Gregory
----------------------------------------
http://docs.python.org/ref/grammar.txt:
list_for ::=
              "for" expression_list "in" testlist
               [list_iter]
testlist ::=
              test ( "," test )* [ "," ]
list_iter ::=
              list_for | list_if
list_if ::=
              "if" test [list_iter]


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
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From abstractj at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 00:01:52 2006
From: abstractj at gmail.com (JenAsh)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 21:01:52 -0700
Subject: Python Stripped CSS Background Image Calls
Message-ID: <1153800112.281524.171410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

In my python file I have several css calls--they all works except for
the background image CSS call.

.mystyle { background-image:
url(http://www.mysite.com/images/background.gif); }

When I try to view it in the browser the code is somehow stripped. I
only get the following:

.mystyle { }

How can I get Python to ignore the codes? Sort of like cdata in XML.
Sorry I am very unfamilar with Python.

Can anyone explain?



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 00:20:01 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:20:01 -0400
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net><mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>
Message-ID: <e8skhj$qb9$1@sea.gmane.org>


"OKB (not okblacke)" <brenNOSPAMbarn at NObrenSPAMbarn.net> wrote in message 
news:Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB at 81.174.50.80...
> Terry Reedy wrote:
>
>> Consider
>>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
>> [3, 3, 2, 1]
>>
>> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).
>
> [a.len() for a in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]

What I meant and should have said more specificly:
try rewriting the  map call or any similar call of a 2nd-order function as 
a call of the same function using methods.  Map here stands for the class 
of functions that take a function as an arg and apply it to an unknown 
(until runtime) type or to a mixture of types.  Its particular replacement 
(not rewrite, as I meant the word) does not apply to the generic pattern.

This can be done (since 2.2) either with or without using the operater 
module.  Until 2.2, many builtin classes, including strings, tuples, and 
number, did not have visible methods.

The underlying answer to the original question is that while Pyt;hon is 
object-based, it is not strictly OO but is intentionally multiparadigmatic 
and will remain so.  For instance, no one will be forced to replace the 
procedural expression 'a+b' with the strict OO equivalent 'a .__add__(b)'. 
But anyone is free to do so in their own code, just as with ob.__len__() 
for len(ob).

Terry Jan Reedy





From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 16:35:40 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:35:40 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8273.1153183748.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153178814.350091.314150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153179059.020769.188980@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8273.1153183748.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153254939.994193.319660@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Gary Herron wrote:
> py_genetic wrote:
> > py_genetic wrote:
> >
> >> mtbeedee at gmail.com wrote:
> >>
> >>> py_genetic wrote:
> >>>
> >>>> How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
> >>>> example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
> >>>> this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
> >>>> python.  Thanks.
> >>>>
> >>> This might do it...
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>>> print eval.__doc__
> >>>>>>
> >>> eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
> >>>
> >>> Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
> >>> The source may be a string representing a Python expression
> >>> or a code object as returned by compile().
> >>> The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mappping,
> >>> defaulting to the current globals and locals.
> >>> If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
> >>>
> >> For example each time this line is interpreted I would like to use the
> >> new value of the state var which is a global var.  How can I force
> >> state to be identified and used in this string.
> >>
> >> r_table = h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records
> >>
> >> r_table = eval("h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records") ??
> >> r_table = h5file.root.eval("state")_raw_records.neg_records ?? eval is
> >> not a part of root
> >>
> >> dont think either of these is very logical? Any ideas?  Possibly the
> >> parser mod?
> >>
> >
> > Got it!
> >
> > tmp = "h5file.root."+state+"_raw_records.pos_records"
> > r_table = eval(tmp)
> >
> > works great thanks for the help!
> >
> Yes, it works, but this is not a good place to use eval. Now that we see
> how you want to use it, we can find a *much* better way to do it.
>
> If you want to lookup an attribute of an object, but the attribute name
> is a string in a variable, then use getattr to do the lookup.
>
> If in interpret your code correctly:
>
> attrname = state + "_raw_records"
> obj = getattr(h5file.root, attrname)
> r_table = obj.pos_records
>
> These, of course, could be combined into a single (but not necessarily
> clearer) line.
>
> Gary Herron

So it is eval() is more appropriate when evalution blocks of string
code, and getattr() is more efficient for dealing with objects such as
h5file object above?  Thanks.



From jes at nl.demon.net  Sat Jul  8 06:04:18 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 10:04:18 -0000
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
References: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <12av0p2ps2kcr11@corp.supernews.com>

In article <44aea052$1 at usenet01.boi.hp.com>,
dwelch91  <donald.welch at hp.com> wrote:
>I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.
>
>The 2 ways I have thought detecting 64bit are:
>
>1. struct.calcsize("P") == 8
>2. '64' in os.uname()[4]
>
>I'm not convinced that either one of these is really adequate. Does 
>anybody have any other ideas on how to do this?

Does sys.maxint give what you need? 

I think for most machines this will give you the answer you are
looking for - either 2**31 -1 for a 32 bit version or 2**63-1 for a 64
bit version. It's set up during the configure phase of building python

If you want to detect a 64bit OS running a compatibility mode for a 32
bit version of Python, then you'll need to figure out how to build and
incorporate a Python extension which can detect this situation




-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul 13 09:38:23 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 06:38:23 -0700
Subject: bay area based - python guru..
Message-ID: <0ff301c6a681$9dd12800$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

is there a bay area based guru, or someone who's into mentoring that i'we
can talk to... specifically someone who's experienced using
mechanize/browser/urllib/urllib2/cookies/etc...

we're running into small situations that are taking an inordinate amount of
time to resolve, so we thought we'd toss this here and see if anyone has
thoughts/comments.

thanks

-bruce




From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 06:13:37 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 03:13:37 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154081617.899853.69430@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Chaos wrote:
> As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
>
>         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
>             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
>                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
>
> I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds

The main question is: why do you want to do this? I ask because with
performance requirements like that, you almost certainly need another
approach, one which I may be able to suggest.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From artur_spruce at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 15:07:59 2006
From: artur_spruce at yahoo.com (AdSR)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 12:07:59 -0700
Subject: Amara: Where's my attribute?
References: <1151570478.731909.154790@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151894210.515219.119830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152040079.544818.297600@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

uche.ogbuji at gmail.com wrote:
> What is the actual problem you're trying to solve?  If you just want to
> force a namespace declaration in output (this is sually to support
> QNames in content) the most well-known XML hack is to create a dummy
> attribute with the needed prefix and namespace.  But this does not work
> when you're trying to force a default namespace declaration.  Then
> again, you generally can't use QNames in content with a default
> namespace declaration.  So my guess is that you somehow got way off the
> rails in your problem-solving, and you'll need to provide mre
> background if you want help.

I wanted to remove documentation elements from some XML Schema files.
The problem showed when I tried to use the stripped schemas, because
the namespace declaration for user-defined types was missing. Of
course, since these types are named and referred to in attribute
*values*, Amara had no way to know that the namespace declaration was
still needed (didn't matter if default or non-default). This is more a
problem of how XML Schema is defined against XML namespace rules, since
XML Schena uses namespaces in a context of which XML parsers aren't
normally aware.

> BTW, I recommend upgrading to Amara 1.1.7.  That branch will soon be
> 1.2, and I consider it more mature than 1.0 at this point.  The API's
> also easier:

I know, especially the insert-before/after feature :) But I ran into a
problem that I describe below and you advertised 1.0 as "stable
version", so I switched immediately.

The problem can be reproduced like this:

>>> import amara
>>> amara.parse('http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.xsd')
START DTD xs:schema -//W3C//DTD XMLSCHEMA 200102//EN XMLSchema.dtd
http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:99:23: Attribute 'id' already
declared
http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:122:23: Attribute 'id' already
declared
http://www.w3.org/2001/datatypes.dtd:130:27: Attribute 'id' already
declared
...some 40 more lines like this and then Python crashes (Windows shows
the bug-reporting dialog)

Thanks for your interest,

AdSR



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 02:31:53 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 23:31:53 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152772313.183491.257250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Clay_Culver at yahoo.com wrote:
> I need to find out if an object is a class.  Using new style classes
> this is very easy:
>
> class Test(object): pass
>
> obj = Test
>    or
> obj = Test()
>
> if type(obj) == type:
>     # this is a class object..
> else:
>     # this not a class object
>
> But this fails for old style classes.  For example:
>
> class OldStyleObject: pass
>

Why is there old and new classes? What are the differences?

--Cheers



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Mon Jul 10 11:06:53 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 01:06:53 +1000
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<uTD*6Ijlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.10.15.06.52.268160@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Mon, 10 Jul 2006 15:23:36 +0100, Sion Arrowsmith wrote:

> Steven D'Aprano  <steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> wrote:
>>Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.
> 
> What significant advantage would mutable strings have over StringIO
> and wrapping list manipulation in list(s) and ''.join(l). Other than
> that pleasing symmetry with sets/frozensets etc.

Some algorithms (e.g. genetic algorithms) have natural implementations
in terms of mutable strings.

StringIO is more like a kind of file than a kind of string. It has no
methods for upper/lowercase, searching, etc. While files do have random
access, they don't have random access insertion and deletion like lists or
hypothetical mutable strings, so StringIO is no replacement at all.


-- 
Steven.



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 22:36:16 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 19:36:16 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
> > Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> >> As I said elsewhere, the record has an identity even though it isn't
> >> explicit in SQL.
> >
> > Hmmmm. What can this mean?
> >
> > In general, I feel that "records" are not the right conceptual
> > level to think about.
>
> They are, when it comes to aliasing of mutable data. I think it's
> justified by the fact that aliased mutable data has a galling tendency
> to break abstraction barriers. (More on this on request.)

I can see how pointers, or other kinds of aliasing
(by my more restricted definition) break abstraction barries;
it is hard to abstract something that can change out from
under you uncontrollably.


> > In any event, I am not sure what you mean by non-explicit
> > identity.
>
> The identity isn't visible from inside SQL. (Unless there's an OID
> facility available, which *is* an explicit identity.)

Agreed about OIDs.


>  > I would say, records in SQL have value, and their
> > identity is exactly their value.
>
> Definitely not. You can have two equal records and update just one of
> them, yielding non-equal records; by my definition (and by intuition),
> this means that the records were equal but not identical.

This sort of thing comes up when one has made the mistake of
not defining any keys on one's table and needs to rectify the
situation. It is in fact considered quite a challenge to do.
My preferred technique for such a situation is to create
a new table with the same columns and SELECT DISTINCT ...
INTO ... then recreate the original table. So that way doesn't
fit your model.

How else might you do it? I suppose there are nonstandard
extensions, such as UPDATE ... LIMIT. And in fact there
might be some yucky thing that made it in to the standard
that will work.

But what you descrbe is certainly *not* possible in the
relational algebra; alas that SQL doesn't hew closer
to it. Would you agree? Would you also agree that
if a language *did* adhere to relation semantics,
then relation elements would *not* have identity?
(Under such a language, one could not have two
equal records, for example.)

[The above paragraph is the part of this post that I
really care about; feel free to ignore the rest if it's naive
or annoying or whatever, but please do respond to this.]


>  > I do not see that they have
> > any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
> > any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
> > than one key, and an update may change the values of one
> > key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
> > definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
> > of a table after an update to each record of the table before
> > the update, and if you can't do that, then where
> > is the record identity?
>
> Such a mapping is indeed possible. Simply extend the table with a new
> column, number the columns consecutively, and identify the records via
> that column.

That doesn't work for me. It is one thing to say that for all
tables T, for all elements e in T, e has identity. It is a different
thing to say that for all tables T, there exists a table T' such
that for all elements e in T', e has identity.


> But even if you don't do that, there's still identity. It is irrelevant
> whether the programs can directly read the value of the identity field;
> the adverse effects happen because updates are in-place. (If every
> update generated a new record, then we'd indeed have no identity.)
>
> > Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
> > general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
>
> No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an
> alias, it would have to be a reference to something.
>
> However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly
> important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is
> essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is
> vacuously true.

To me, the SQL with the where clause is like i+2, not like a[2].
A query is simply an expression that makes mention of a variable.
However I would have to admit that if SQL table elements have
identity, it would be more like the array example.

(The model of SQL I use in my head is one with set semantics,
and I am careful to avoid running in to bag semantics by, for
example, always defining at least one key, and using SELECT
DISTINCT where necessary. But it is true that the strict set
semantics in my head are not the wobbly bag semantics in
the standard.)


> There's another aspect here. If two expressions are always aliases to
> the same mutable, that's usually easy to determine; this kind of
> aliasing is usually not much of a problem.
> What's more of a problem are those cases where there's occasional
> aliasing. I.e. a[i] and a[j] may or may not be aliases of each other,
> depending on the current value of i and j, and *that* is a problem
> because the number of code paths to be tested doubles. It's even more of
> a problem because testing with random data will usually not uncover the
> case where the aliasing actually happens; you have to go around and
> construct test cases specifically for the code paths that have aliasing.
> Given that references may cross abstraction barriers (actually that's
> often the purpose of constructing a reference in the first place), this
> means you have to look for your test cases at multiple levels of
> software abstraction, and *that* is really, really bad.
>
> > That is so general that I am concerned it has lost its ability to
> > identify problems specific to pointers.
>
> If the reference to "pointers" above means "references", then I don't
> know about any pointer problems that cannot be reproduced, in one form
> or the other, in any of the other aliasing mechanisms.

It seems we agree that, for example, raw C pointers can easily
cause aliasing problems. To me, Java references, which are much
more tightly controlled, are still subject to aliasing problems,
although
in practice the situation is significantly less severe. (It is possible
to have multiple references to a single Java mutable object and
not know it.) I would assume the same is posible with, say, SML
refs.

However the situation in SQL strikes me as being different.
If one is speaking of base tables, and one has two queries,
one has everything one needs to know simply looking at
the queries. If views are involved, one must further examine
the definition of the view.

For example, we might ask in C, if we update a[i], will
the value of b[j] change? And we can't say, because
we don't know if there is aliasing. But in Fortran, we
can say that it won't, because they are definitely
different variables. But even so in Fortran, if we ask
if we update a[i], will a[j] change, and we know we
can't tell unless we know the values of i and j.

In SQL, if we update table T, will a SELECT on table
S change? We know it won't; they are different variables.
But if we update T, will a select on T change? It
certainly might, but I wouldn't call it aliasing, because
the two variables involved are the same variable, T.


> > Again, by generalizing the term this far, I am concerned with a
> > loss of precision. If "joe" in the prolog is a references, then
> > "reference" is just a term for "data" that is being used in a
> > certain way. The conection with a specfic address space
> > has been lost in favor of the full domain of the datatype.
>
> Aliasing is indeed a more general idea that goes beyond address spaces.
>
> However, identity and aliasing can be defined in fully abstract terms,
> so I welcome this opportunity to get rid of a too-concrete model.
>
> >> The records still have identities. It's possible to have two WHERE
> >> clauses that refer to the same record, and if you update the record
> >> using one WHERE clause, the record returned by the other WHERE clause
> >> will have changed, too.
> >
> > Is this any different from saying that an expression that includes
> > a variable will produce a different value if the variable changes?
>
> Yes.
> Note that the WHERE clause properly includes array indexing (just set up
> a table that has continuous numeric primary key, and a single other column).

I am still not convinced. It is not sufficient to show how sometimes
you can establish identity, or how you could establish identity based
on some related table; it must be shown how the identity can be
established in general, and I don't think it can. If it can't, then
I claim we are back to expressions that include a variable, and
not aliasing, even by the wider definition.



> I.e. I'm not talking about how a[i] is an alias of a[i+1] after updating
> i, I'm talking about how a[i] may be an alias of a[j].
>
> > It seems odd to me to suggest that "i+1" has identity.
>
> It doesn't (unless it's passed around as a closure, but that's
> irrelevant to this discussion).
> "i" does have identity. "a[i]" does have identity. "a[i+1]" does have
> identity.
> Let me say that for purposes of this discussion, if it can be assigned
> to (or otherwise mutated), it has identity. (We *can* assign identity to
> immutable things, but it's equivalent to equality and not interesting
> for this discussion.)
>
>  > I can see
> > that i has identity, but I would say that "i+1" has only value.
>
> Agreed.

Cool.


> > But perhaps the ultimate upshoot of this thread is that my use
> > of terminology is nonstandard.
>
> It's somewhat restricted, but not really nonstandard.

Whew!


> >> Possibly. There are so many isolation levels that I have to look them up
> >> whenever I want to get the terminology 100% correct.
> >
> > Hmmm. Is it that there are so many, or that they are simply not
> > part of our daily concern?
>
> I guess it's the latter. IIRC there are four or five isolation levels.

Yes, four.


>  > It seems to me there are more different
> > styles of parameter passing than there are isolation levels, but
> > I don't usually see (competent) people (such as yourself) getting
> > call-by-value confused with call-by-reference.
>
> Indeed.
> Though the number of parameter passing mechanisms isn't that large
> anyway. Off the top of my head, I could recite just three (by value, by
> reference, by name aka lazy), the rest are just combinations with other
> concepts (in/out/through, most notably) or a mapping to implementation
> details (by reference vs. "pointer by value" in C++, for example).

Fair enough. I could only remember three, but I was sure someone
else could name more. :-)


Marshall



From anand.chittu at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 22:21:34 2006
From: anand.chittu at gmail.com (Anand)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:21:34 -0700
Subject: import
In-Reply-To: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>
References: <44ac23e8$0$12739$a20654c8@news.leba.net>
Message-ID: <1152152494.742964.287280@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


David Jackson wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> I'm a real beginner with python but have what I think is a simple question.
> I am writing some simple modules and would like to place them into a
> subdirectory.  But then I cannot seem to import them.  I have tried the
> following.
>
> I wrote a module called fibo.py with some definitions in it (one called
> fibo).  In the same directory, I wrote another file (test.py) and began with
> import fibo.  This worked fine and I was able to use the function fibo as
> fibo.fibo.  Then, I made a directory called test and placed the file fibo.py
> in this directory.  I also placed a blank file called _init_.py into this
> directory.  I went back to the original directory and tried to import
> test.fibo but this fails.  I get the following error message:
>
> Traceback (innermost last)
>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>     import test.fibo
>   File "...test.py", line 1, in ?
>     import test.fibo
> ImportError: No module named fibo

python is trying to import fibo from test.py not test directory. since
you have both test.py and test directory, it is using the first one.
try to rename your directory name to something else and try. that
should work.

Also you should do 
   from test import fibo


Anand



From juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi  Wed Jul  5 14:53:03 2006
From: juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi (Juho Schultz)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:53:03 -0700
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
Message-ID: <1152125582.577222.95010@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Martin Evans wrote:
> Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to get
> a regular expression to do the following example in Python:
>
> Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".
>
> This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
> to
> This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.
>
>
> But not if part of a link or inside a link:
>
> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, it
> is sleeping.
> to
> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, it
> is dead.
>
>
> This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, the
> rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the
> formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will
> normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more than
> one link present.
>
> I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to other
> areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.
>
> I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the case,
> I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping to
> use it to learn more about regex.
>
> Any pointers would be appreciated.
>
> Martin

What you want is:

re.sub(regex, replacement, instring)
The replacement can be a function. So use a function.

def sleeping_to_dead(inmatch):
  instr = inmatch.group(0)
  if needsfixing(instr):
    return instr.replace('sleeping','dead')
  else:
    return instr

as for the regex, something like
(<a)?[^<>]*(</a>)?
could be a start. It is probaly better to use the regex to recognize
the links as you might have something like
sleeping.sleeping/sleeping/sleeping.html in your urls. Also you
probably want to do many fixes, so you can put them all within the same
replacer function.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 20:35:39 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:35:39 -0700
Subject: Pickle vs XML for file I/O
References: <1154391849.335723.94480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154392539.551356.70870@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

crystalattice wrote:
> I'm creating an RPG for experience and practice.  I've finished a
> character creation module and I'm trying to figure out how to get the
> file I/O to work.
>
> I've read through the python newsgroup and it appears that shelve
> probably isn't the best option for various reasons.  This lead me to
> try messing w/ pickle, but I can't figure out how to use it with
> classes.  I've found many examples of using pickle w/ non-OOP code but
> nothing that shows how to use it w/ classes, subclasses, etc.  I've
> read the documentation but it doesn't explain it well enough for me.
>
> Then I started thinking perhaps I'm going about it wrong.  My current
> thought is to save an instance of each character so all the info (name,
> skills, hit points, etc.) is stored in one place.  But looking at
> OpenRPG made me think that perhaps using XML to store the information
> would be better.  Each character could have a separate XML file, though
> I don't know how it would work if many NPC's are required.
>
> I guess my question is, what are the benifits of getting pickle to work
> w/ my classes vs. converting all the character data into XML and just
> writing that to a file?  Since most of the data would need to be
> modified often, e.g. hit points, is one storage format better than the
> other?  Can you even modify data if it's been pickled w/o having to
> unpickle it, change the data, then repickle it?

Um, there's nothing tricky to using pickle with classes:

|>> import pickle
|>> class foo: pass
|>> f = foo()
|>> pstr = pickle.dumps(f)
|>> pstr
'(i__main__\nfoo\np0\n(dp1\nb.'
|>> newf = pickle.loads(pstr)
|>> newf
<__main__.foo instance at 0xb664690c>

Pickle is simple and should work "out-of-the-box".  I wouldn't mess
with XML until I was sure I needed it for something.

What kind of trouble were you having with pickle?

Peace,
~Simon



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:23:22 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:23:22 +0200
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <44c796fb$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:01:50 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>>>I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
>>>>Python...
>>>
>>>E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly.
>>
>>Ok, this is one of the few restrictions - builtin types. Yeah. Have
>>something more convincing ?
> 
> 
> Nope. Python has similiar dynamic. Or.. maybe real closures.
>
> 
>>Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?
> 
> 
> ?

I mean : write a parser and interpreter for a DSL. In Ruby.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:07:41 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:07:41 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <1152647415.591109.308480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646581.880909.100930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152647415.591109.308480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152648461.034750.20740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


> > try:
> >     # Do some stuff
> > except Exception, err:
> >     if err not in (DontCatchMe1, DontCatchMe2):
> >         # Handle err
> >
> > HTH,
> > ~Simon
>
> Dang!  not only did somebody else beat me to it, but my code is wrong
> and theirs correct.

Ignoring the fact you haven't re-raised the exception (as we can ignore
the fact mine doesn't handle the others ;-) ), it does show a different
valid approach: mine has an advantage if the exceptions you don't want
to handle inherit from a small number of base classes; yours has the
advantage if there are a large number of unrelated exceptions that need
ignoring.



From cdecarlo at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 15:35:01 2006
From: cdecarlo at gmail.com (cdecarlo)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:35:01 -0700
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I'm not 100% sure on this but to me it looks like there is a problem in
your make file.  I would look in there first, see where 'cat' is
executed, I bet your problem will be around there.

Hope this helps,

Colin

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> I'm not sure the proper way to phrase the question, but let me try.
>
> Basically, I'm working with a script where someone wrote:
>
> kr = string.strip(os.popen('make kernelrelease').read())
>
>
> And then searches kr to match a regular expression.
>
> This seems to have been working, however lately when this line executes
> I get a number of messages to stderr after several minutes of execution:
>
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
>
>
> I know the output from this make has been growing (make applies some
> patches and the patch list is growing).  Does os.popen() have some kind
> of read buffer limit that i'm hitting which is causing things to break?
>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Carl J. Van Arsdall
> cvanarsdall at mvista.com
> Build and Release
> MontaVista Software



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  2 12:48:45 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 09:48:45 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7695.1151788790.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151816885.235996.295170@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151858925.554937.60450@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Robert Kern wrote:
> > vatamane at gmail.com wrote:
> > > The same thing goes for the values(). Here most people will argue that
...
> >
> > This part is pretty much a non-starter. Not all Python objects are hashable.
...
> > Also, I may need keys to map to different objects that happen to be equal.
> >
> > --
> > Robert Kern
> >


So, values() can't return a set because of (at least) the two reasons
given above.  And since, as Scott David Daniels pointed out, dicts
support the iterator protocol, you can ask for a set of the keys easily
enough if you want it:

>>> d = dict(a=1, b=2, c=3)
>>> set(d)
set(['a', 'c', 'b'])

So, IMHO, there's not much point to having keys() return a set.


Peace,
~Simon



From roman.yakovenko at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 15:26:20 2006
From: roman.yakovenko at gmail.com (Roman Yakovenko)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 22:26:20 +0300
Subject: Python and C++
In-Reply-To: <1qtxg.135369$dW3.135162@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>
References: <1153849896.569398.39200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1qtxg.135369$dW3.135162@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>
Message-ID: <7465b6170607251226m6c273dabrb98156511f018d4d@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/25/06, Dave Kuhlman <dkuhlman at rexx.com> wrote:
> KraftDiner wrote:
>
> > What ways can I call my C++ classes from within Python.
> > I've looked at boost but it would appear that there is little
> > support or knowledge on boost in the python community.
>
> If you want to write Python wrappers for C++ code *by hand*, look
> here:
>
>     http://docs.python.org/ext/ext.html
>     http://docs.python.org/api/api.html
>
> If you want to generate wrappers for C++ code (or C code) with
> SWIG, look here:
>
>     http://www.swig.org/

Boost.Python also has code generators: Pyste and pyplusplus(
http://language-binding.net/pyplusplus/pyplusplus.html )

The last one even has GUI, so for small project you don't have to learn
any API, just few mouse clicks and you have almost working code.


-- 
Roman Yakovenko
C++ Python language binding
http://www.language-binding.net/


From nick at craig-wood.com  Wed Jul  5 14:30:04 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:30:04 -0500
Subject: Fork You..  Forking and threading..
References: <1152120097.590691.202400@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneanuu6.hpe.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

rh0dium <steven.klass at gmail.com> wrote:
>  I have a problem with putting a job in the background. Here is my
>  (ugly) script which I am having problems getting to background.  There
>  are threads about doing
> 
>       python script.py &
> 
>  and others
> 
>       nohup python script.py &
> 
>  and yet others
> 
>       ( python script.py > /dev/null & ) &
> 
>  Regardless timing these all produce (roughly the same time) and none of
>  them are backgrounded..

I suspect you want the old fork/setsid/fork trick...

  http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66012

That releases the controlling terminal from your job and it exits
from the process group.

You could probably close / redirect stdin/out/err too.  Search for
daemonize.py and you'll find a module which does all this.

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From frank at chagford.com  Thu Jul 20 01:52:09 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 22:52:09 -0700
Subject: questions to anyone who uses wxPython
In-Reply-To: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153368745.956844.63660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153374729.577273.236000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


damacy wrote:
> hello. i'm using wxPython as my GUI package and whenever my program
> executes a long process which takes at least 2 or 3 seconds, the user
> interface gets corrupted while executing the progrocess during the
> period.
>
> i have tried the following lines of code...
>
> frame = mainwindow(None, -1, 'my program')
> ...
> ...
> frame.UpdateWindowUI()
>
> and it did not make any difference at all.
>
> could anyone help me?

I don't really understand the question - what do you mean when you say
the user interface gets corrupted?

Nevertheless, the following pointer may help -

http://tinyurl.com/hj84l

It is an article in the wxPyWiki that discusses various ways of
handling longrunning tasks.

HTH

Frank Millman



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 15:31:08 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:31:08 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0cxtg.61529$181.2346@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Marshall wrote:
> David Hopwood wrote:
>>Marshall wrote:
>>
>>>Wouldn't it be possible to do them at compile time? (Although
>>>this raises decidability issues.)
>>
>>It is certainly possible to prove statically that some assertions cannot fail.
>>
>>The ESC/Java 2 (http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/docs.html)
>>tool for JML (http://www.cs.iastate.edu/~leavens/JML/) is one system that does
>>this -- although some limitations and usability problems are described in
>><http://secure.ucd.ie/products/opensource/ESCJava2/ESCTools/papers/CASSIS2004.pdf>.
> 
> I look forward to reading this. I read a paper on JML a while ago and
> found it quite interesting.
> 
>>>Mightn't it also be possible to
>>>leave it up to the programmer whether a given contract
>>>was compile-time or runtime?
>>
>>That would be possible, but IMHO a better option would be for an IDE to give
>>an indication (by highlighting, for example), which contracts are dynamically
>>checked and which are static.
>>
>>This property is, after all, not something that the program should depend on.
>>It is determined by how good the static checker currently is, and we want to be
>>able to improve checkers (and perhaps even allow them to regress slightly in
>>order to simplify them

.. or improve their performance ..

> ) without changing programs.
> 
> Hmmm. I have heard that argument before and I'm conflicted.
> 
> I can think of more reasons than just runtime safety for which I'd
> want proofs. Termination for example, in highly critical code;
> not something for which a runtime check will suffice.

It is true that some properties cannot be verified directly by a runtime check,
but that does not mean that runtime checks are not indirectly useful in verifying
them.

For example, we can check at runtime that a loop variant is strictly decreasing
with each iteration. Then, given that each iteration of the loop body terminates,
it is guaranteed that the loop terminates, *either* because the runtime check
fails, or because the variant goes to zero.

In general, we can verify significantly more program properties using a
combination of runtime checks and static proof, than we can using static proof
alone. That may seem like quite an obvious statement, but the consequence is
that any particular property is, in general, not verified purely statically or
purely at runtime.

I am not opposed to being able to annotate an assertion to say that it should
be statically provable and that a runtime check should not be used. However,

 - such annotations should be very lightweight and visually undistracting,
   relative to the assertion itself;

 - a programmer should not interpret such an annotation on a particular assertion
   to mean that its static validity is not reliant on runtime checks elsewhere;

 - if the class of assertions that are statically provable changes, then a
   tool should be provided which can *automatically* add or remove these
   annotations (with programmer approval when they are removed).


I'd like to make a couple more comments about when it is sufficient to detect
errors and when it is necessary to prevent them:

 - If a language supports transactions, then this increases the proportion
   of cases in which it is sufficient to detect errors in imperative code.
   When state changes are encapsulated in a transaction, it is much easier
   to recover if an error is detected, because invariants that were true of
   objects used by the transaction when it started will be automatically
   reestablished. (Purely functional code does not need this.)

 - Almost all safety-critical systems have a recovery or safe shutdown
   behaviour which should be triggered when an error is detected in the
   rest of the program. The part of the program that implements this behaviour
   definitely needs to be statically correct, but it is usually only a small
   amount of code.

   Safety-critical systems that must either prevent errors or continue
   functioning in their presence (aircraft control systems, for example) are
   in a separate category that demand *much* greater verification effort. Even
   for these systems, though, it is still useful to detect errors in cases
   where they cannot be prevented. When multiple independent implementations
   of a subsystem are used to check each other, this error detection can be
   used as an input to the decision of which implementation is failing and
   which should take over.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul  7 08:16:46 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 12:16:46 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7814.1152110745.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneape01.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7889.1152261528.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneask5e.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-07, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>>> have any of your "my mental model of how Python works is more important 
>>> than how it actually works" ever had a point ?
>> 
>> Be free to correct me. But just suggesting that I'm wrong doesn't help
>> me in changing my mental model.
>
> over the years, enough people have wasted enough time on trying to get 
> you to understand how Python works, in various aspects.  if you really 
> were interested in learning, you would have learned something by now, 
> and you wouldn't keep repeating the same old misunderstandings over and 
> over again.

May be I misunderstand, maybe I sometimes have difficulties making my self
clear. If you already made up your mind which is it, that is fine by me.
I just don't see the point of just posting a response that just
boils down to: You are wrong. Even if you have given up on me, others
might be helped if you took the trouble of explainig what was wrong.

Well, that was just what I was thinking. 

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:06:48 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:06:48 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1vbna3ebx9uw8.1gqdzi0cqbcv$.dlg@40tude.net>

On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:23:21 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Another reason for me not to use Ruby, is that there is no distinction
> between those two lines of code:
> 
> x = somefunc
> x = somefunc()

It has no meaning. Just use always () if you like. But sometimes it is
better to avoid them to have more beautifull code. E.g.

class Article < Activerecord::Base
  belongs_to: author
  has_many: comments
end

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From gregpinero at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 11:29:31 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 11:29:31 -0400
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <44AE7ABA.50409@hathawaymix.org>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
	<44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>
	<312cfe2b0607070809p6ff6bf1araadb631fa7b4d9af@mail.gmail.com>
	<44AE7ABA.50409@hathawaymix.org>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607070829i7db38f2fy894f2880eb7715f5@mail.gmail.com>

Shane Wrote:
> Ah, so you also want to distribute untrusted Python code.  That's fairly
> hard.  There's a discussion about it on Python-Dev right now.

Well, I want to write a game in Pygame, and people can just go to my
website and play it within their browser.  I guess that would be
untrusted code?


From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:30:20 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 10:30:20 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <sm9ysd6rrv6v.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 04:06:24, Steve Holden wrote:

> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
>> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:35:50 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com>
>> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: 
>> 
>>> It is surprising in the sense that binding seems not to be necessary
>>> for read access. 
>>
> It does, I would agree, seem a little counter-intuitive that assignment
> (or binding) forces the name to be considered local. That's just one of
> Python's features.

Ok... I can live with that, and thanks for the confirmation that it's not
only me to feel that this is somewhat surprising :)

Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
term "binding", and that whatever it means (I'll have to read more on that,
now that I know the term) is different for read-only and read/write access.

Neither the Post-It note metaphor nor the pointer explanation address that.
Using the Post-It note metaphor, I'm asking myself why the label doesn't
get attached to a different box when reading, but only when writing. ("Just
one of Python's features", I know :)  Same thing with the pointer
explanation: AFAIK, no language that uses pointers explicitly does
something similar (that is, the storage the pointer points to is different
depending on whether the pointer gets used for writing and reading, or only
for reading). 

Thanks,
Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 12:38:02 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:38:02 +0200
Subject: extender method
In-Reply-To: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c79a6a$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> 'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
> explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
> follows:
> 
(snip)
>  
> Now, this is fine using the above code. Where I'm struggling is with
> argument passing. The following, for example, doesn't seem to work:
> 
> class Super:
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    self.data = kargs
> 
> class Extender(Super):
>    def __init__(self, **kargs):
>    Super.__init__(self, kargs)   # call the constructor method in Super
>    # do additional extender-specific stuff here
> 
> What am I doing wrong? I get:
> TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
> WARNING: Failure executing file: <main.py>
> 

class Super(object):
  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    self.data = kwargs

class Extender(Super):
  def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    Super.__init__(self, **kwargs)
     # do additional extender-specific stuff here


HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From mhellwig at xs4all.nl  Sat Jul 15 08:58:13 2006
From: mhellwig at xs4all.nl (Martin P. Hellwig)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 14:58:13 +0200
Subject: ctypes wrapping libpam.so on FreeBSD 6.1 - Python Bus Error
In-Reply-To: <44b6397c$0$31638$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>
References: <44b6397c$0$31638$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>
Message-ID: <44b8e66d$0$31637$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

Frederik & Ganesan,

Thanks for the explanation, it did me realize that I should learn some C 
first before I'm going to start wrapping something :-)

At least I got a reason now to do something with C, though it should 
take me some time.

But again, thanks!

Martin


From mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 20:58:07 2006
From: mr.roboto.ny at gmail.com (Mr. Roboto)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 17:58:07 -0700
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
Message-ID: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Folks:  I want to embark on a project to add Python (actually, wxPython
or PythonWin) to a new Windows app I want to start writing soon.
Essentially, I want to take VB6 (or pos Delphi) and construct the app
framework/core functionality using one of those languages, then extend
the app w/ Python, the same way one can extend the MS Office apps
using VBA.  The core Python docs provide the fundamental info one
needs to get started.  But, I've been looking for some pointers to
articles/web pages that will bootstrap the effort, so I won't have to
completely reinvent the wheel.  So far, the c.l.p ngroup traffic (and
the web in general) that speaks to this subject is apparently pretty
sparse.  Since I'm a one-man show, it would be helpful if anyone could
offer pointers to sites/pages/books that address some of these issues:

1)  To COM or not ?  From an implementation standpoint, it seems
worthwhile to build the host app as a series of COM objects, which
could then be ref'd/manipulated via external Python code.  Not sure if
this makes sense from a performance-perspective, but I doubt the apps
I'm thinking about (mostly desk accessory utils kinda, sorta) are
going to be compute-intensive at all.

2)  SWIG or not ?  Have never used it, but know that SWIG has been
ref'd many times in the ngroup as an tool for facilitating the use of
Python as an embedded language.  Is SWIG worth the effort for a
relatively small (<10 KLOC) app ?

3)  Handling exceptions.  I want to start from Day One with a sensible
approach to debugging and testing both host objects and external
scripts.

4)  Deployment.  Size (30 - 50MB for wxPython or PyWin alone) and a
silent install of either pkg prior to installing the host app.

Regardless of the conversation in this group, I plan to get started in
the next few days.  This is how I'm currently looking at the above
issues:

1)  COM:  Yes, since COM seems like an easy fit w/o writing lotsa
glue code because of built-in support via PyWin

2)  SWIG:  Not for a 1st cut, at least not to get one's feet wet, so
to speak

3)  Exceptions:  No clue.  Need to closely read Extending/Embedding
Python for more guidance

4) Deployment: Bite the disk space bullet and use PyWin or wxPython as
is

Anyway, that's the beginning of the conversation.  If you have any
observations or suggestions, please feel free.  Later...MR



From deets at nospam.web.de  Fri Jul 14 09:14:02 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:14:02 +0200
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8148.1152821932.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4hpjkqFo10eU1@uni-berlin.de>

Gerhard Fiedler schrieb:
> On 2006-07-13 12:04:58, Richard Brodie wrote:
> 
>>>  s = "?"
>>>  print s
> 
>>> Is there a standard way to do this?
>> Use Unicode strings, with an explicit encoding.  Say no to ISO-8859-1 centrism.
>> See: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/unicode particularly the
>> "Unicode Literals in Python Source Code" section.
> 
> So ...
> 
>   # coding: utf-8
>   s = u'?'
>   print s
> 
> (Of course stored with an editor that writes the file in utf-8 encoding.)
> 
> Is this the proper way?
> 
> Will print take care of encoding translation according to the encoding used
> in the target console?

Of course not. AFAIK there is no way figuring out which encoding the 
target console supports. The best you can do is to offer an option that 
allwos selection of the output encoding.

And when using print, don't forget to wrap sys.stdout with a 
codecs.EncodedFile to properly convert the unicode strings.


Diez


From bayazee at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 07:59:00 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 04:59:00 -0700
Subject: CPU or MB Serial number
Message-ID: <1152619140.468721.124580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi,
How can I get CPU Serial number , or motherboard serial number with
python . I need an idetification of a computer ....
ThanX

---------------------------------------------------
iranian python community --> www.python.ir



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Tue Jul 25 19:01:35 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 23:01:35 GMT
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.8518.1153826522.27775.python-list@python.org><IPsxg.5213$Cn6.508@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<mailman.8551.1153861590.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <jpxxg.6733$Cn6.5090@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
news:mailman.8551.1153861590.27775.python-list at python.org...
>
> Paul,
>
> I think self-respect is a very essential attitude and I am pleased to know
that you value it as much as I do.
>       The off topic thus dispatched, let me first express my appreciation
or your interest. Next I agree to anything you say about
> pyparsing, because I know little about it. Perhaps you will agree that
parsing is overkill if you don't need to. Correct me if I'm
> wrong, but I have a hunch that HTM tags don't nest. So you can actually
strip them with two or three lines of plain python code,
> looking at the letters one by one.
>       As to my proposal I can only invite you to run my program first and
then pass judgment, unlike the clerical Authorities in the
> story who steadfastly refused to take a peek through Galileo's telescope,
arguing that, since planets didn't have rings, taking a
> peek was an exercise of utter futility.
>       And do tell me what a TOS is. If I am missing a point it is rather
this one. Does it have to do with copyright? How would it
> be then if you did your pyparsing demo on a site with a more accommodating
TOS?
>
> Regards
>
> Frederic
>
>
Frederic -

HTML parsing is one of those slippery slopes - or perhaps "tar babies" might
be a better metaphor - that starts out as a simple problem, but then one
exception after the next drags the solution out for daaaays.  Probably once
or twice a week, there is a posting here from someone trying to extract data
from a website, usually something like trying to pull the href's out of some
random <a> (is for "anchor") tags, usually followed by a well-meaning regexp
suggestion along the lines of "Use '<a href="[^"]*">'", followed by "oh
wait, I forgot to mention that sometimes there are other attributes in the
tag besides href, or sometimes the referenced url is not in double quotes,
but single quotes, or no quotes, or href is sometimes HREF, or Href, or
there are spaces around the '=' sign, or spaces before the closing ">", or
there are two spaces between the 'a' and 'href', followed by "no problem,
just use *this* regexp: (@#\$(#&$)q(\/\/\<*w&)(Q&!!!!".  You are correct -
in general, HTML tags themselves do not nest, and this is certainly a
blessing.  But HTML tags expressions *do* nest - lists within lists, tables
within tables, bold within italic, italic within bold, etc.  And HTML, being
less well-behaved than XML, also allows tags to overlap, as in
<foo><bar></foo></bar>.  Not to mention, some HTML contains comments, so
href's inside comments *probably* want to be ignored.

So utilities like BeautifulSoup, targeted specifically at cracking
less-than-pristine HTML, come to the fore, to bring some order to this
parsing chaos.  pyparsing is more generic than BeautifulSoup, and I believe
less HTML-capable, especially with overlapping tags.  But it does include
some out-of-the-box helpers, such as makeHTMLTags("tagname"), which
generates opening and closing <tagname> and </tagname> tag expressions,
including handling for odd casing, unpredictable whitespace, and
unanticipated tag attributes.  And for applications such as this, pyparsing
(I believe) provides some programming interfaces that are easier to deal
with than the BeautifulSoup accessors I've seen posted here.

I'm less and less open to the "parsing is overkill, I'll just slap together
a regexp" line of reasoning.  With a little practice, pyparsing apps can
come together fairly quickly, and keep their readability for a long time.  I
find regexp's, which I *don't* use every day, and whose typoglyphics quickly
bleed out of my frontal lobe, to lose their readability over time,
especially when the expression to be cracked contains any of the regex
special characters, namely (,),[,],.,/,^,$,+,*,?,\,...  they become a riddle
of backslashes.  The difficulty is that regexp's commingle their semantic
punctuation with the text they are trying to process, and it demands an
extra mental focus to decipher them (doubly so when trying to debug them!).

I try to save my (limited number of remaining) mentally focused moments for
things like overall system design, and so I wrote pyparsing to help separate
the syntax and mental processing used for text content vs. pattern
symbology.  Pyparsing uses explicit Python classes, such as Optional,
OneOrMore, Group, Literal, and Word, with *some* operator shortcuts, such as
+ for And, | for match-first-alternative Or, ^ for match-longest-alternative
Or, and ~ for Not.  Yes, the expressions are not as terse as regexps, and
they are not as fast at runtime.  But they are quickly graspable at a
glance.  Here is a BNF for part of the Verilog language, and the
corresponding code in the Verilog language parser:

        <UDP> ::= primitive <name_of_UDP> ( <name_of_variable>
<,<name_of_variable>>* ) ;
                <UDP_declaration>+
                <UDP_initial_statement>?
                <table_definition>
                endprimitive

        udp = Group( "primitive" + identifier +
            "(" + Group( delimitedList( identifier ) ) + ")" + semi +
            OneOrMore( udpDeclaration ) +
            Optional( udpInitialStmt ) +
            udpTableDefn +
            "endprimitive" )

and the udp expression is inherently tolerant of random embedded whitespace
(and comments too, as provided for later in the code).

Is it overkill to use this same tool to allow me to write:

  anchorStart,anchorEnd = makeHTMLTags("a")
  print [ t.href for t,s,e in anchorStart.scanString(htmlSourceText) ]

to list out the href's in an arbitrary body of HTML, independent of
whitespace, presence of other attributes, casing of tag and attribute names,
and other typical pitfalls of HTML parsing? (Note: this 2-liner does not
handle HTML comments, this would require at least one more line, something
like "aStart.ignore(htmlComment)", but I haven't tested this for this
mini-manifesto.)

Frederic, I'm sorry, but I probably wont get around to giving SE a try.  I'm
not that interested in becoming proficient in writing (or even just being
able to read) expressions such as these:
  Tag_Stripper = SE.SE ('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=" ')
  CSV_Maker    = SE.SE (' "~\s+~=(9)" ')
  CSV_Maker = SE.SE ('"~\s+~=,"')
If these make sense to you, more power to you.  If I were to puzzle them out
this evening, the gift would be lost within a week.  I can't afford to lose
my grasp of code I've written in so short a time.

As for "TOS", it is "Terms of Service," and it's kind of like copyright.
It's one of those unilateral contracts that basically says, "I offer this
information, but only if you follow my terms - such as, don't rip off my
data just to set up a competing service, or to sell the data in some
repackaged form - and if you don't like my terms, you're welcome to not use
my service" (liberally translated from the legalese).  Friendly consumer
sites like Google, UPS, FedEx, Amazon all list some form of TOS stating
"you're welcome to use our website as long as it is within the bounds of
normal consumer use - and no bots, agents, etc. allowed, 'cause they'll
bring our server to its knees and the innocent bystander users end up losing
out because of your selfishness/greed/lack of consideration for your fellow
human person."  As much as the content on the Internet is freely available,
it isn't always free.  (Pyparsing comes with some simple HTML scrapers that
use public websites, such as NIST's listing of public NTP servers.)

So what started out as a little joke (microscopic, even) has eventually
touched a nerve, so thanks and apologies to those who have read this whole
mess.  Frederic, SE looks like a killer - may it become the next regexp!

-- Paul





From brett at python.org  Wed Jul  5 18:07:23 2006
From: brett at python.org (Brett Cannon)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 15:07:23 -0700
Subject: About a month until PSF call for test trackers closes!
Message-ID: <bbaeab100607051507t44987bffnf0372039966c2b3f@mail.gmail.com>

Back at the beginning of June, the Python Software Foundation's
Infrastructure committee sent out an email requesting people to help us find
a replacement tracker for SourceForge (the original announcement can be
found at http://wiki.python.org/moin/CallForTrackers ).  We asked that
people put test trackers loaded with a data dump of Python's SourceForge
tracker data online for us to play with.  We said that we would close
acceptance of test trackers as of August 7.

That close date is a little over a month away!  If you want to help get your
favorite tracker up and going for the Infrastructure committee to evaluate,
please visit http://wiki.python.org/moin/CallForTrackers and see if you can
help out!  We already have a tracker for JIRA up and loaded with the SF data
to poke around with.  There are also Trac and Roundup trackers in the
planning stages that could use some help in getting the SF data imported and
getting the servers up.  In order for a tracker to be considered it *must*
have the SF data loaded up.  This will be a necessary step if the tracker is
accepted, plus it lets us see how well the tracker lets us manage a large
number of bugs.

If you have questions or concerns, please email infrastructure at
python.org(it is subscription-protected, but your email will be
accepted; the
subscription page is at
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/infrastructure ).  Thank you to
those that have helped so far and those that do in the future.

-Brett Cannon
Chairman, PSF Infrastructure Committee
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From juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi  Mon Jul 24 15:01:56 2006
From: juho.schultz at pp.inet.fi (Juho Schultz)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:01:56 -0700
Subject: Comment on this script. Possible error in communication with list
	arg between functions
In-Reply-To: <1153765394.026197.89560@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153765394.026197.89560@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153767716.842090.22740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Phoe6 wrote:
> Hi all,
>          Part of my script is to check for pre-requisite rpms to be
> installed.
> If its installed, I just display the rpm version as in rpm database,
> otherwise I output a message saying:
> ' rpm is not installed' and collect the rpm name in a list
> (notInstalled).
> At the end if the len(notInstalled) is greater than 0 then I display
> them all asking it to be installed and exit the program.
> My Script is below:
> -------
> def checkForRpm(rpmname):
>         ''' Check for the presence of the RPM. '''
>         cin,cout,cerr = os.popen3('rpm -q ' + rpmname)
>         output = cout.read()
>         global notInstalled
>         if len(output) <= 0:
>                 print rpmname + ' not installed.'
>                 notInstalled.append(rpmname)
>         else:
>                 print output
>
>
>
> def preReqCheckRpms():
>         ''' Check for the required RPMS '''
>         listOfRpms = ['firefox','senthil',]
>
>
>         for eachRpm in listOfRpms:
>                 checkForRpm(eachRpm)
>         global notInstalled
>         if len(notInstalled) > 0:
>                 print 'The following RPMS are not installed:'
>                 for eachRpm in notInstalled:
>                         print eachRpm
>                 print 'Please install them for the installation to
> continue.'
>                 sys.exit(-1)
>

> * This is NOT Working.
> * notInstalled.append(rpmname) is not taking effect in
> checkForRpm(rpmname)
> * I dont know how to communicate the notInstalled list to
> preReqCheckRpms.
>
> --
> Senthil

I think return values should be used for communication between
functions. Maybe something like this could work for you (not tested).

def checkForRpm(rpmname):
    # <cut start of function>
    # Strings with 0 lenght are False
    if output:
        print output
    else:
        print rpmname + ' is not installed'
    return output

def checkPreReqs():
    missingRpms = []
    for requiredRpm in listOfRpms:
        if not checkForRpm(requiredRpm):
            missingRpms.append(requiredRpm)
    # you could also do this by a list comprehension
    missingRpms = [reqRpm for reqRpm in listOfRpms if not
checkForRpm(reqRpm)]
    # or you could use the builtin function filter() - see
filter.__doc__ for that

    # now, list of lenght 0 is False.
    if missingRpms:
        # print error messages, exit.

--
Juho Schultz



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 23:41:04 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 20:41:04 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8600.1153969281.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com> <44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com>
	<1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com> <44C80AEE.2060607@mvista.com>
	<mailman.8600.1153969281.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153971664.434944.24800@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> > Well, I guess I'm thinking of an event driven mechanism, kinda like
> > setting up signal handlers.  I don't necessarily know how it works under
> > the hood, but I don't poll for a signal.  I setup a handler, when the
> > signal comes, if it comes, the handler gets thrown into action.  That's
> > what I'd be interesting in doing with threads.
>
> What you call an event handler is a routine that gets called from a message
> queue polling routine. You said a few times that you don't want that.

I think he's refering to Unix signal handlers. These really are called
asynchronously. When the signal comes in, the system pushes some
registers on the stack, calls the signal handler, and when the signal
handler returns it pops the registers off the stack and resumes
execution where it left off, more or less. If the signal comes while
the
process is in certain system calls, the call returns with a value or
errno setting that indicated it was interrupted by a signal.

Unix signals are an awkward low-level relic. They used to be the only
way to do non-blocking but non-polling I/O, but current systems offer
much better ways. Today the sensible things to do upon receiving a
signal are ignore it or terminate the process. My opinion, obviously.


-- 
--Bryan



From zabaione at uk2.net  Mon Jul 10 12:18:13 2006
From: zabaione at uk2.net (freesteel)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:18:13 -0700
Subject: Py_NewInterpreter(), is this a bug in the python core?
Message-ID: <1152548293.533331.232200@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

/*
Is this a bug in Py_NewInterpreter?

The function below "MyThread" is instantiated from a windows worker
thread, but I don't
think that is relevant.
(I can try this on a linux box, but I would have to compile a python
library with debugging
enabled.)

The following code fragment throws an exception in a debug version of
python:
*/

UINT MyThread(LPVOID lpParam)
{
	{
		cs.Lock(); // this is a CCriticalSection lock
		if (!Py_IsInitialized())
		{
			Py_Initialize();
			PyEval_InitThreads();

			// global pointer to the main PyThreadState object
			mainThreadState = PyThreadState_Get();
			PyEval_ReleaseLock();
		}
		cs.Unlock();
	}

	ASSERT(Py_IsInitialized());
	ASSERT(PyEval_ThreadsInitialized());
	ASSERT(mainThreadState);
	threadnum++;

	// get the global lock
	PyEval_AcquireLock();
    PyGILState_STATE gstate;
    gstate = PyGILState_Ensure(); // Is tis necessary?


	PyThreadState_Swap(mainThreadState);
	PyThreadState* nts = Py_NewInterpreter();

/*

The exception is thrown inside the above function call:
This statement tries to swap the new threadstate 'tstate' with the
current one
	save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);

Inside PyThreadState_Swap the code uses another way
'PyGILState_GetThisThreadState()' to find the current thread state and
compares this with the newly set thread state.
Naturally you would expect the two to be equal but that test fails:
#if defined(Py_DEBUG) && defined(WITH_THREAD)
	if (new) {
		PyThreadState *check = PyGILState_GetThisThreadState();
		if (check && check != new)
			Py_FatalError("Invalid thread state for this thread");
	}
#endif

The variable 'check' looks as if it is the 'previous' thread state, as
if changing the thread state
is not been done properly. Py_FatalError is called and that's the end.

Is there a mistake in my code, or is there something wrong in how
Py_NewInterpreter is implemented?


Thanks

Martin

PS: Below the rest of my simple test worker thread function.
*/




	ASSERT(nts == PyThreadState_Get());

	// lock (already locked) - swap in thread state - swap out thread
state - unlock

	init_testclass();


	int ret = 0;

	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("class redir:\n  def __init__(self, id):\n
self.id = id\n  def write(self, s):\n    f = open('stdoutputs_%s.txt' %
self.id, 'a')\n    f.write('%s: %s' % (self.id, s))\n    f.close()\n");
	char str[100];
	sprintf(str,"r = redir('0x%x')", &nts);
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString(str);
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("sys.stderr = r");
	sprintf(str,"s = redir('0x%x')", &nts);
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString(str);
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("sys.stdout = s");

	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("import testclass");
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("t = testclass.testclass()");
	sprintf(str,"print 't = ', t ");
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString(str);
	ret = PyRun_SimpleString("print t.run(10)");


	Py_EndInterpreter(nts);
    PyGILState_Release(gstate);
	PyEval_ReleaseLock();

	return 0;
}



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Tue Jul 18 08:42:38 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:42:38 +0200
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153220091.538661.87040@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153220091.538661.87040@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bcd740$0$10518$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Andy Dingley wrote:
> The purpose of range() in Python is as loop control,

No, the purpose of range() is to create a list, as the docs state.

http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html

"""
range(...) - This is a versatile function to create lists containing
arithmetic progressions.
"""

Stefan


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 10 21:49:11 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 19:49:11 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>

David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> 1 and 2 are easy enough. 3 to 5 are best expressed as assertions rather
> than types.

One of us is missing the other's meaning here.  If 3 to 5 were expressed 
as assertions rather than types, then the type system would become 
incomplete, requiring frequent runtime-checked type ascriptions to 
prevent it from becoming impossible to write software.  That's not my 
idea of a usable language.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From keshlam-nospam at comcast.net  Thu Jul 13 17:06:45 2006
From: keshlam-nospam at comcast.net (Joe Kesselman)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:06:45 -0400
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <1152778548.786998.238940@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152778548.786998.238940@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b8073a@news.greennet.net>

Note that any good SAX tutorial will demonstrate how to buffer the 
characters() events, if you don't feel like reinventing the solution 
yourself.


From kylotan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:42:46 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:42:46 -0700
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8299.1153235678.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8299.1153235678.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153302166.867432.78520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Simon Brunning wrote:
> So, they'll download and install the .NET framework at 23 MB, but they
> won't download and install Python at 9 and half?

I think the .NET framework gets thrown down via Windows Update - or at
least it did for me - so that doesn't count as a 'separate download'
for many purposes.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Tue Jul 11 05:46:06 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:46:06 +0200
Subject: Looking for a HTML like rendering library (wishlist)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7971.1152535434.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7971.1152535434.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b37361$0$29132$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Laszlo Nagy wrote:
> I'm looking for a library that can do the following:
> 
>    * Parse a simple structured text file (XML or HTML etc.)
>    * Render its output to an image
>    * I would like to give the maximum width of the image (but not the
>      minimum)
>    * I would like to use my custom TrueType fonts, and some basic
>      formatting: colors, underline, numbered and bulleted lists
>    * I would like to embed some PNG (transparent) images, and align
>      them inside the text
>    * The library should be able to calculate the size of the image
>      before rendering
>    * The library should be able to render the image into memory
>    * It should be reasonably fast
>    * It should be independent of windowing toolkits (PIL is okay)
> 
> 
> Why I need this: create widgets in GUI applications, for example:
> 
>    * A label that can display formatted text
>    * A new grid cell renderer that can display small images and text as
>      well
>    * Hint window (tooltip) that has formatted text and images
>    * Create automatic signatures for e-mails (not GUI related)
>    * etc

After reading this, I still do not understand why you want to do this with
images. Virtually any GUI toolkit can display text, most can natively display
HTML, just look at Qt for a good example.

So why not just use the native features?

Stefan


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul  4 13:26:36 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:26:36 +0200
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <44aaa4cd$0$23272$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:
> I'm having problems with sub-classes of built-in types.
> 
> Here is a contrived example of my subclass. It isn't supposed
> to be practical, useful code, but it illustrates my problem.
> 
> class MyStr(str):
>     """Just like ordinary strings, except it exhibits special behaviour
>     for one particular value.
>     """
>     magic = "surprise"

>     def __init__(self, value):
>         str.__init__(self, value)

You don't need to override __init__ here.


>     def __len__(self):
>         if self == self.magic:
>             print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
>         return str.__len__(self)
>     def upper(self):
>         if self == self.magic:
>             print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
>         return str.upper(self)
>     # and so on for every last string method...

My my my....

> 
> The obvious problem is, I have to create a custom method for every string
> method -- 

which makes subclassing almost useless - except to pass isinstance() tests.

> and if strings gain any new methods in some future version of
> Python, my subclass won't exhibit the correct behaviour.

You could replace subclassing by composition/delegation using the
__getattr__ hook, but this would break tests on type/class :(

Or you could keep subclassing and use the __getattribute__ hook, but
this is more tricky and IIRC may have negative impact on lookup perfs.

Or you could use a metaclass to decorate (appropriate) str methods with
a decorator doing the additional stuff.

choose your poison !-)

> Here's a slightly different example:
> 
> class MyInt(int):
>     """Like an int but with special behaviour."""
>     def __init__(self, value, extra):
>         int.__init__(self, value=None)
>         self.extra = extra

Won't work. You need to override the __new__ staticmethod. Look for
appropriate doc here:
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#__new__
(FWIW, read the whole page)

(snip)

> Looks like my __init__ isn't even being called here. Why not, and how do I
> fix this?

cf above

> Is there a way to subclass built-in types without needing to write the
> same bit of code for each and every method? 

cf above

> Am I approaching this the wrong way? Is there a better design I could be
> using?

probably !-)

HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 02:38:02 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 08:38:02 +0200
Subject: How to increase the window sinze in python?
In-Reply-To: <1152251815.366913.234980@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152251815.366913.234980@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8kvg8$1e3$1@sea.gmane.org>

arvind wrote:

> i want to inctrease the window size in python and make it as big as
> normal window.
> at the same time i want to change the background colour of the screen.
> what's the solution?

what window is this ?

</F>



From daniel.dittmar at sap.corp  Tue Jul 11 09:06:08 2006
From: daniel.dittmar at sap.corp (Daniel Dittmar)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:06:08 +0200
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e907o0$djs$1@news.sap-ag.de>

horizon5 wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> my collegues and I recently held a coding style review.
> All of the code we produced is used in house on a commerical project.
> One of the minor issues I raised was the common idiom of specifing:
> 
> <pre>
> if len(x) > 0:
>     do_something()
> </pre>
> Instead of using the language-defined bahviour, as stated by PEP8:
[...]
> Without wishing to start a flame war, what are other's opinions on
> this, is using "len" safer? If so why?

All objects evaluate to a boolean, but not all objects support len.
So if someone passes x = iter ([]) to your method, then len (x) will 
result in an exception, whereas 'if x:' will happily (and wrongly) 
answer true.

On the other hand, maybe you should be able to accept iterators, and 
then the test would look different anyway.

> 
> My own feeling is that I am willing to work with the behaviours defined
> by Python, and treat the use of len in these cases as excessive
> duplication (this is however, quite a minor point i agree).

I find

if parameters:

perfectly acceptable, as it allows parameters to be None as well.
On the other hand, I can't stand interpreting integers as booleans, so I 
wouldn't write

if count:

Everyone has their personal quirks.

> 
> Note that I have much more experience with the language (6-7 years),
> whilst the majority of my collegues have about 1-2 years experience.
> 

I guess they're coming from Java and not from Perl :-)

Daniel


From lycka at carmen.se  Wed Jul 19 08:31:17 2006
From: lycka at carmen.se (Magnus Lycka)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:31:17 +0200
Subject: Project organisation
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <e9l8ml$oa0$1@wake.carmen.se>

rony steelandt wrote:
> Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py
> 
> What would be the best way to organise this
> 
> 1.
> c --\project1\*.py
>   |
>   |-\project2\*.py
>   |
>   --\globals\util.py
> 
> This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
> util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
> it still works (that could be project 1..n). 
> 
> 2.
> A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
> modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
> clutered, having n versions of util.py.
> 
> What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?

Extensive automated regression tests certainly helps!
Take a look at e.g. http://www.texttest.org/

This is really not a Python issue at all, it would be
the same thing with a util.dll written in C++...


From dnew at san.rr.com  Fri Jul 14 13:21:43 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 17:21:43 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net> <4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Andreas Rossberg wrote:
> OK, this is interesting. I don't know Hermes, is this sort of like a 
> dynamically checked equivalent of linear or uniqueness typing?

I'm not sure what linear or uniqueness typing is. It's typestate, and if 
I remember correctly the papers I read 10 years ago, the folks at 
TJWatson that invented Hermes also invented the concept of typestate. 
They at least claim to have coined the term.

It's essentially a dataflow analysis that allows you to do the same 
sorts of things that "don't read variables that may not yet have been 
assigned to", except that you could annotate that variables change to 
the state of "uninitialized" after they've already been initialized.

> Mh, but if I understand correctly, this seems to require performing a 
> deep copy - which is well-known to be problematic, and particularly 
> breaks all kinds of abstractions.

Um, no, because there are no aliases. There's only one name for any 
given value, so there's no "deep copy" problems. A deep copy and a 
shallow copy are the same thing. And there are types of values you can 
assign but not copy, such as callmessages (which are problematic to copy 
for the same reason a stack frame would be problematic to copy).

I believe, internally, that there were cases where the copy was "deep" 
and cases where it was "shallow", depending on the surrounding code. 
Making a copy of a table and passing it to another process had to be a 
"deep" copy (given that a column could contain another table, for 
example). Making a copy of a table and using it for read-only purposes 
in the same process would likely make a shallow copy of the table. 
Iterating over a table and making changes during the iteration made a 
copy-on-write subtable, then merged it back into the original table when 
it was done the loop, since the high-level semantic definition of 
looping over a table is that you iterate over a copy of the table.

The only thing close to aliases are references to some other process's 
input ports (i.e., multiple client-side sockets connected to a 
server-side socket). If you want to share data (such as a file system or 
program library), you put the data in a table in a process, and you hand 
out client-side connections to the process. Mostly, you'd define such 
connections as accepting a data value (for the file contents) with the 
parameter being undefined upon return from the call, and the file name 
as being read-only, for example. If you wanted to store the file, you 
could just pass a pointer to its data (in the implementation). If you 
wanted a copy of it, you would either copy it and pass the pointer, or 
you'd pass the pointer with a flag indicating it's copy-on-write, or you 
could pass the pointer and have the caller copy it at some point before 
returning, depending on what the caller did with it. The semantics were 
high-level with the intent to allow the compiler lots of leeway in 
implementation, not unlike SQL.

> Not to mention the issue with 
> uninitialized variables that I would expect occuring all over the place. 

The typestate tracks this, and prevents you from using uninitialized 
variables. If you do a read (say, from a socket) and it throws an "end 
of data" exception, the compiler prevents you from using the buffer you 
just tried but failed to read.

Indeed, that's the very point of it all. By doing this, you can run 
"untrusted" code in the same address space as trusted code, and be 
assured that the compiler will prevent the untrusted code from messing 
up the trusted code. The predecessor of Hermes (NIL) was designed to let 
IBM's customers write efficient networking code and emulations and such 
that ran in IBM's routers, without the need for expensive (in 
performance or money) hardware yet with the safety that they couldn't 
screw up IBM's code and hence cause customer service problems.

> So unless I'm misunderstanding something, this feels like trading one 
> evil for an even greater one.

In truth, it was pretty annoying. But more because you wound up having 
to write extensive declarations and compile the declarations before 
compiling the code that implements them and such. That you didn't get to 
use uninitialized variables was a relatively minor thing, especially 
given that many languages nowadays complain about uninitialized 
variables, dead code, etc. But for lots of types of programs, it let you 
do all kinds of things with a good assurance that they'd work safely and 
efficiently. It was really a language for writing operating systems in, 
when you get right down to it.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  1 11:26:45 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 17:26:45 +0200
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <013a01c69d22$ce4e88a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <1151741360.158460.92480@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<013a01c69d22$ce4e88a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <e8647h$nh9$1@sea.gmane.org>

bruce wrote:

> that's exactly what i'm trying to accomplish... i've used tidy, but it seems
> to still generate warnings...
> 
>  initFile -> tidy ->cleanFile -> perl app (using xpath/livxml)
> 
> the xpath/linxml functions in the perl app complain regarding the file.

what exactly do they complain about ?

</F>



From valpassing at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 10:28:15 2006
From: valpassing at gmail.com (valpa)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 07:28:15 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <ldo-960DAE.23164603072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12af5sncaj7m62d@corp.supernews.com>
	<1151843919.160078.263450@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151916458.336659.66960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920673.305615.187210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<ldo-960DAE.23164603072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <1151936894.994560.55440@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

telnet server must have a password, right?

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <1151920673.305615.187210 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>,
>  "valpa" <valpassing at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >I don't care about security issue by now :), because every one in my
> >compony know the username/password.
>
> Then why bother with a password at all?
> --
> A: Skid-marks in front of the hedgehog.
> Q: What's the difference between a dead hedgehog on the road, and a dead
> top-poster on the road?



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul  3 07:18:23 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 23:18:23 +1200
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <ldo-6B5EE3.23182303072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <44a89559 at nntp0.pdx.net>,
 Kirk McDonald <kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com> wrote:

>I want to somehow, in some way, provide an iteration interface to this 
>function. Thoughts?

Run it in a separate thread/process?


From cowie.rob at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 16:49:42 2006
From: cowie.rob at gmail.com (Rob Cowie)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 13:49:42 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <1152299404.248235.125160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneata4p.3cc.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>
	<1152299404.248235.125160@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152305382.771950.65180@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

No, your question was clear. With hindsght and a more thorough read of
your post I see my error ;^)



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 04:58:48 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:58:48 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bbb634$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbb634$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <44bca2ca$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

dwelch91 wrote:
> PTY wrote:
> 
>> Which is better?
>>
>> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>
>> while lst:
>>   lst.pop()
>>
>> OR
>>
>> while len(lst) > 0:
>>   lst.pop()
>>
> 
> I think the first one is better, but if all you are doing is removing
> all the items in the list, this is definitely better:
> 
> lst = []

Not if there are other names bound to the same list. You are only
rebinding this name, which does *not* empty the list object. The correct
solution here is

del lst[:]

which will remove all content from the list object,



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul 14 10:11:01 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 16:11:01 +0200
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e988mj$2qd$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Etayki" <etayluz at gmail.com> wrote:

> I'm trying to maximize a IE window. I have a handler and I'm trying to
> call ShowWindow to maximize it:
>
> ie = Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application')
> handler = ie.HWND
> ie.Visible = 1
> win32gui.ShowWindow(handler, SW_MAXIMIZE)
>
> But then I get this error:
> 'SW_MAXIMIZE' is not defined

SW_MAXIMIZE is a C preprocessor constant (a define), which means it
only exists in a Windows-specific header file (winuser.h, in this case).

> How do I get SW_MAXIMIZE to be defined?

by grepping through the Windows header files to see what the corresponding
value is, and using that value to set a Python variable in your script:

    > grep SW_MAXIMIZE *.H
    WINUSER.H:#define SW_MAXIMIZE         3

corresponds to

    SW_MAXIMIZE = 3

</F> 





From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 05:37:03 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:37:03 +0200
Subject: [OT]Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cdcf40$0$30109$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Jonathan Bowlas wrote:
> Hi Listers,
> 
> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
> is possible in python?
> 
> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
> passed as a list. 

You should have posted this on Zope's mailing-list.

<OT>
There's a mechanism in Zope to handle this case, cf section "Passing
Parameters to Scripts" in:
http://www.zope.org/Documentation/Books/ZopeBook/2_6Edition/DTML.stx/ScriptingZope.stx

The mechanism is based on 'decorating' forms fields names with type
annotation. In you case, this would look like:

<form name='xxx' action='yyy' method='POST'>
<tal:repeat repeat="code deptcodes">
  <input type="checkbox" name='selecteddeptcodes:list' value=''
         tal:attribute="value code" />
</tal:repeat>
<!-- rest of the form here -->
</form>

</OT>

HTH



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul 26 15:18:05 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 12:18:05 -0700
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
In-Reply-To: <9583ed900607261104i23230ba2sa634e3969b70f3b3@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <06bc01c6b0e8$3bc69890$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi david...

just what are you trying to do... are you trying to drive some functionality
of firefox? are you trying to parse web files??

more information might allow someone to shed additional thoughts on a
solution..

-bruce

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf Of
david brochu jr
Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 11:05 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox


Hey everyone,

I am trying to automate navigating to urls (all from a txt file) 1 at a time
in Firefox and then killing firefox before navigating to the next. I think I
might have to use PyXPCOM to do this but I have never used this package and
cannot find any good resources on the net to help me along. Anyone have an
idea as to how I would do this or have any good resources they could point
me to?


Thanks



From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 12:34:35 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:34:35 -0700
Subject: For a fast implementation of Python
References: <1151914453.568218.32920@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a8d607$0$12746$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1151916683.475321.237580@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhw769.171wm6w1i7sf3rN%aleax@mac.com>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> wrote:

> Psyco does some JIT compiling of Python, supposedly making it faster.
> You do need to think a bit, however, beforehand.
> If you really thing that the "speed" of execution is important for your
> application, a scripting language such as python may be the wrong tool.
>  A language such as C++ or Java which is designed to be a compiled
> language can be optimized much faster than python because they impose
> more rules.

Java generally produces bytecode that is then run by a virtual machine,
just like Python does; yes, Java has many more rules, but in general
they're not ones particularly conducive to optimization -- in fact,
optimization in Java generally hinges on just-in-time code generation
just like psyco performs, and if such JIT VMs optimize better it's
chiefly due to the huge number of person-years that have been devoted to
perfecting them (as opposed to maybe 1 person-year spent on psyco).

C and C++ do usually generate machine language directly, and their tools
(optimizing compilers first and foremost) have enjoyed investments of a
magnitude comparable to Java's (though, by now, Java's getting a lot
more investment); moreover, C++'s rules _are_ heavily optimization
oriented (e.g., no garbage collection -- being responsible for every bit
of memory is a huge chore during application development, and a cause of
many application bugs, but it DOES allow absolute maximal speed).


Alex


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 28 16:53:59 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 20:53:59 GMT
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154119128.489179.265970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<OWsyg.2599$No6.51276@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154119128.489179.265970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <HPuyg.2604$No6.51209@news.tufts.edu>

Daniel Mark wrote:
> Hello John:
> 
> I did try, however, it doesn't work on my machine.
> 
> 
> Thank you
> -Daniel
> 
> 
> John Salerno wrote:
>> Daniel Mark wrote:
>>
>>> Maybe there is not solution to this problem:)?
>> Did you not try Sybren's suggestion? Remove the space between the
>> semicolon and the path and it should work. It worked (and didn't work)
>> for me when I tested it.
> 

well that is baffling...it works normally otherwise? there could be 
something wrong with the installation maybe, but the line you have in 
the PATH (without spaces) should work...putting quotes around "Program 
File" doesn't seem to be required...

let me know if you figure it out! i'll keep thinking....


From esj at harvee.org  Sun Jul 16 16:28:08 2006
From: esj at harvee.org (Eric S. Johansson)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 16:28:08 -0400
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
Message-ID: <44BAA158.3030907@harvee.org>

Elmo M?ntynen wrote:
> Is there something better than using fnctl? It seems a bit intimidating
> with a quick look.

try the portlocker wrapper from the active state cookbook.  I have a 
version which has been slightly updated for more modern pythons.  I 
really need to make my darcs repository visible so you could get it.

Alternatively, you can try the makedir trick.  Creating directories are 
atomic operations if it exists, you will get error message.  If it 
doesn't, you will get a directory and thereby capture the lock.  You 
delete the directory when you release the lock.

crude but effective.  I used it in building a file based queue system. 
You know, I really should learn how to build eggs because I have a whole 
bunch of little pieces of software that would probably be useful to others.

---eric



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul  3 02:50:59 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 08:50:59 +0200
Subject: Tkinter function variable passing
In-Reply-To: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8aeof$4b0$1@sea.gmane.org>

arvind wrote:

> How to pass the variables defined inside the function to the another
> function on click event of the button in Tkinter?

     def the_function(master):

         variable = ...

         def callback():
             print variable

         b = Button(master, command=callback)

</F>



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 31 18:41:35 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 00:41:35 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ce8530$0$5644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

northband a ?crit :
> Just spoke with my department and looks like we still want to go with a
> server scripting method.  Although MVC may be better fit, for the sake
> of the learning curve, we want to use a PSP style method.

I really don't think the learning curve will be a problem. We learned 
Django while using it for an app, and the app was completed and 
delivered within a week (total 8 man/day). Granted, it was a dead simple 
app, but it would have take as much time doing it in PHP. The last one 
we did was not trivial, and was ready to deliver in 2 weeks - one week 
before schedule. This very first release is still running, and we didn't 
have a single bug report. Not to say that Django is a silver-bullet, but 
it's actually the best tool we found for sql-based web apps so far.

> So as of now we are looking at using FreeBSD, MySQL, and some form of
> Python that will allow us to achieve great performance serving
> 30million page loads / month.

FWIW, when it comes to web apps, and given a reasonnably well 
designe/implemented app, "performance" is more a matter of 
tuning/hardware/etc than anything else.



From kylotan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:51:08 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:51:08 -0700
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <1153302668.248056.118140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sion Arrowsmith wrote:
> Er, what? How are you generating your standalone executables? What
> size is "acceptable"? python24.dll is only 1.8M -- surely on any
> non-embedded platform these days 1.8M isn't worth bothering about.
> And since you mention wx (all of another 4.8M) I'd guess we're
> talking about desktop applications. Who's going to notice if your
> executable is a couple of M slimmer?

I've considered making a few lightweight GUI apps in the past but you
just can't do it with wxPython. When you have similar products done in
Visual C++ weighing in at kilobytes rather than megabytes, it's hard to
convince people that it's worth downloading your product. Say I wanted
to develop a simple Notepad clone with 1 or 2 extra features: the MS
executable is 68Kb, yet to simulate it in wxPython would be over 5MB;
nobody would want it. I suppose you can use the msvcrt library directly
and cut out wx from the dependencies, but sadly the Python overhead is
still a slight deterrent.

Not that I see an easy solution to this, of course.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 03:13:01 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:13:01 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

John Henry wrote:
> >
> > Carl,
> >  OS writers provide much more tools for debugging, tracing, changing
> > the priority of, sand-boxing processes than threads (in general) It
> > *should* be easier to get a process based solution up and running
> > andhave it be more robust, when compared to a threaded solution.
> >
> > - Paddy (who shies away from threads in C and C++ too ;-)
>
> That mythical "process" is more robust then "thread" application
> paradigm again.
>
> No wonder there are so many boring software applications around.
>
> Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
> application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
> ...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
> applications.

Indeed.  Let's just get rid of all preemptive multitasking while we're
at it; MacOS9's cooperative, non-memory-protected system wasn't
inherently worse as long as every application was written properly.
There was nothing inherently non-robust about it!

The key difference between threads and processes is that threads share
all their memory, while processes have memory protection except with
particular segments of memory they choose to share.

The next most important difference is that certain languages have
different support for threads/procs.  If you're writing a Python
application, you need to be aware of the GIL and its implications on
multithreaded performance.  If you're writing a Java app, you're
handicapped by the lack of support for multiprocess solutions.

The third most important difference--and it's a very distant
difference--is the performance difference.  In practice, most
well-designed systems will be pooling threads/procs and so startup time
is not that critical.  For some apps, it may be.  Context switching
time may differ, and likewise that is not usually a sticking point but
for particular programs it can be.  On some OSes, launching a
copy-on-write process is difficult--that used to be a reason to choose
threads over procs on Windows, but nowadays all modern Windows OSes
offer a CreateProcessEx call that allows full-on COW processes.

In general, though, if you want to share _all_ memory or if you have
measured and context switching sucks on your OS and is a big factor in
your application, use threads.  In general, if you don't know exactly
why you're choosing one or the other, or if you want memory protection,
robustness in the face of programming errors, access to more 3rd-party
libraries, etc, then you should choose a multiprocess solution.

(OS designers spent years of hard work writing OSes with protected
memory--why voluntarily throw that out?)



From moqtar at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 08:16:40 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 05:16:40 -0700
Subject: Need help in xml
Message-ID: <1152533800.561364.129700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

i have two xml documemts of type

<job>
 <jobname>test</jobname>
 <jobdate>2006-12-12</jobdate>
 <jobtime>12:12:12</jobtime>
 <directory>
  <dirname>/home/</dirname>
      <file>
    <name>test2</name>
    <Modified time>12:12:12</Modified time>
   </file>
  </directory>
 <directory>
  <dirname>/home/test</dirname>
   <file>
    <name>test3</name>
    <Modified time>12:12:12</Modified time>
   </file>
    </directory>
 </job>

i have to compare 2 similar xml document and get the add, changed and
deleted files.and write it into acd.xml file.
can u help me with the python code for this. I am using SAX.



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul  5 07:37:46 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 04:37:46 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152050177.349810.222110@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<qeala21ufgvaphik39ame0j39ftvjjbdda@4ax.com>
	<1152050177.349810.222110@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152099466.582535.276070@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


Roman wrote:
> Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> > On 4 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700, "Roman" <rgelfand2 at hotmail.com> declaimed
> > the following in comp.lang.python:
> >
> > > I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> > > the following snipet:
> > >
> > 	It would help if you gave a sample of the input data (three lines
> > worth, say) AND an example of what the final output should be from those
> > three lines.
> >
> > >     for col in line:
> > >        p[:0].append(str(col))
> >
> > 	As has been pointed out, as soon as you used the [:0], you created a
> > local/temporary EMPTY slice of the original P, and you are appending one
> > column's value to this temporary, which is then thrown away.
> > import csv
> >
> > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		PROGRAM
> > p = []
> >
> > fin = open("firearms.csv", "r")
> > reader = csv.reader(fin, dialect="excel", quotechar='"', delimiter=",")
> >
> > for line in [reader.next() for i in range(7)]:
> >     p.append(line)
> >
> > fin.close()
> > print p
> > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		OUTPUT
> > [['Category', 'Model', 'Caliber', 'Serial #', 'Description',
> > 'Accessories'], ['Air', 'Daisy 717 Pistol', '.177 pellet', '', '', ''],
> > ['Air', 'Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle', '.177 pellet', 'n/a',
> > 'Micrometer Peep, "Globe" front (missing alternate inserts', 'Shooting
> > sling'], ['Air', 'RWS Diana Model 54 "Air King" Rifle', '.22 pellet',
> > '4022395', 'Hunting grade - >900fps', '2-7x BSA AOL scope'], ['Air',
> > 'Gamo/NRA', '0.177', '', 'Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on
> > barrel, stock', '4x (BSA?) AOL scope, NRA badge'], ['Air',
> > 'Walther/Crossman CP99 Pistol', '.177 pellet', '', 'CO2, repeater
> > (currently magazine jams trigger/safety)', ''], ['Percussion', '? New
> > Orleans Ace boot-pistol', '.36 lead', '', '', '']]
> > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		INPUT (just first seven lines)
> > Category,Model,Caliber,Serial #,Description,Accessories
> > Air,Daisy 717 Pistol,.177 pellet,,,
> > Air,Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle,.177 pellet,n/a,"Micrometer Peep,
> > ""Globe"" front (missing alternate inserts",Shooting sling
> > Air,"RWS Diana Model 54 ""Air King"" Rifle",.22 pellet,4022395,Hunting
> > grade - >900fps,2-7x BSA AOL scope
> > Air,Gamo/NRA,0.177,,"Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on barrel,
> > stock","4x (BSA?) AOL scope, NRA badge"
> > Air,Walther/Crossman CP99 Pistol,.177 pellet,,"CO2, repeater (currently
> > magazine jams trigger/safety)",
> > Percussion,? New Orleans Ace boot-pistol,.36 lead,,,
> >
> >
> >
> > 	But your explanations are unclear... Maybe you wanted the first
> > sublist to be all the first column, etc.
> >
> > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		PROGRAM
> > import csv
> >
> > p = None
> >
> > fin = open("firearms.csv", "r")
> > reader = csv.reader(fin, dialect="excel", quotechar='"', delimiter=",")
> >
> > for line in [reader.next() for i in range(7)]:
> >     if not p:
> >         p = [[] for j in range(len(line))]
> >     for c in range(len(line)):
> >         p[c].append(line[c])
> >
> > fin.close()
> > print p
> > -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		OUTPUT (same input)
> > [['Category', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Percussion'],
> > ['Model', 'Daisy 717 Pistol', 'Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle', 'RWS
> > Diana Model 54 "Air King" Rifle', 'Gamo/NRA', 'Walther/Crossman CP99
> > Pistol', '? New Orleans Ace boot-pistol'], ['Caliber', '.177 pellet',
> > '.177 pellet', '.22 pellet', '0.177', '.177 pellet', '.36 lead'],
> > ['Serial #', '', 'n/a', '4022395', '', '', ''], ['Description', '',
> > 'Micrometer Peep, "Globe" front (missing alternate inserts', 'Hunting
> > grade - >900fps', 'Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on barrel,
> > stock', 'CO2, repeater (currently magazine jams trigger/safety)', ''],
> > ['Accessories', '', 'Shooting sling', '2-7x BSA AOL scope', '4x (BSA?)
> > AOL scope, NRA badge', '', '']]
> > --
> > 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> > 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> > 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> > 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> > 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/
>
> below is the data I am trying to read
>
> "000004"	"AS0042123BO"	"AS 0042.123 ROYAL ELONG SEAT
> BO"	"001610"	"A/S Fixtures"	0	$99.00	3.70	""	"0042123"	11/20/2003
> "000024"	"AS0042001BK"	"AS 0042.001 ROYAL EL*DISC BY
> MFG*BK"	"001610"	"A/S
> Fixtures"	0	$99.00	8.00	"723085611663"	"0042001"	11/20/2003
> "000104"	"CH130TTWH"	"CH 130TT   EL PLAS SEAT C/F W/C
> WH"	"207067"	"Church Seats"	12	$25.00	6.75	"073088079961"	"130TT
> 000"	12/28/1995
[...]

[Fixed top-posting]

You can use a class rather than have lists of lists:

-------------------------------------
print

data = '''
id,category_id,description,price
0024,A1,cup,1.00
0025,A1,saucer,2.00
0026,A1,teapot,5.00'''

class MyClass(object):
    id = None
    category_id = None
    description = None
    price = None

    def __init__(self, id=None, category_id=None, description=None,
price=None):
        self.id = id
        self.category_id = category_id
        self.description = description
        self.price = price

    def __str__(self):
        return '%s - %s' % (self.id,self.description)

myclass_collection = []

import csv

reader = csv.reader( data.splitlines()[1:] )

firstline = reader.next()

for line in reader:
    names_and_values = dict(zip(firstline,line))
    c = MyClass(**names_and_values)
    myclass_collection.append( c )

for item in myclass_collection:
    print item

------------------------

0024 - cup
0025 - saucer
0026 - teapot



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 13:54:48 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:54:48 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
Message-ID: <44C7AC68.30108@mvista.com>

Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to 
wonder, why use threads vs processes.  So, If I have a system that has a 
large area of shared memory, which would be better?  I've been leaning 
towards threads, I'm going to say why.

Processes seem fairly expensive from my research so far.  Each fork 
copies the entire contents of memory into the new process.  There's also 
a more expensive context switch between processes.  So if I have a 
system that would fork 50+ child processes my memory usage would be huge 
and I burn more cycles that I don't have to.  I understand that there 
are ways of IPC, but aren't these also more expensive?

So threads seems faster and more efficient for this scenario.  That 
alone makes me want to stay with threads, but I get the feeling from 
people on this list that processes are better and that threads are over 
used.  I don't understand why, so can anyone shed any light on this?


Thanks,

-carl

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From ove.pettersen at smartcall.no  Sun Jul  2 16:05:21 2006
From: ove.pettersen at smartcall.no (Ove Pettersen)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 22:05:21 +0200
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a
	text file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e89930$11f$1@bat-news01.banetele.basefarm.net>

gavino wrote:
> This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> and no one gave an answer.
> I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
>  and then the backup agent restarted.
> If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> connection is ssh.
> How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> iterate through the 100 servers. 
> What script would allow this?
> 

I wouldn't use python at all (like swearing on this list???) .... simple 
shell-command is more than sufficient.

for server in "server1 server2 server3 .... server100"
do
    ssh root@$server "(echo "new line" >> config.file; stop-command ; 
sleep 5 ; start-command)"
done

I would however have extended the procedure with a few more checks...
Like:
* only add new line to config-file if it isn't present
* only do restart if config-file was modified

Regards,


From thomas.grove at nepinc.com  Fri Jul 21 14:54:12 2006
From: thomas.grove at nepinc.com (Tom Grove)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:54:12 -0400
Subject: PyGTK Classes Problems
Message-ID: <44C122D4.8080102@nepinc.com>

I can't seem to get a function to continue after I call another gtk 
window class.  Basically I need to grab a date from a calendar in one 
windows and insert that value into an entry box on the calling window.

Calling Window:
import winCal

def getDate(self, widget):
    cimsCal.winCal.dateSelected = 
"DATE"                                                       
    
cimsCal.winCal()                                                                            

    print 
"TEST"                                                                                

    self.wTree.get_widget("entDate").set_text(cimsCal.winCal.dateSelected)

WinCal Class:
#!/usr/bin/env python

import 
sys                                                                                          

import 
pygtk                                                                                        

import 
gtk                                                                                          

import 
gtk.glade                                                                                    

                                                                                                    

# Create a class which is the actual program to be 
run                                             
class 
winCal(gtk.Window):                                                                           

    # 
Globals                                                                                       

    dateSelected = 
""                                                                               

                                                                                                    

    # This is where we hook in our glade file and connect to the gui 
stuff                         
    def 
__init__(self):                                                                             

        gladefile = 
"cimsGui/cimsgui.glade"                                                         

        self.windowname = 
"winCal"                                                                 
        self.wTree = gtk.glade.XML(gladefile, 
self.windowname)                                     
                                                                                                    

        # Create a dictionary of function 
calls                                                    
        dic = { "on_calendar1_day_selected_double_click" : 
self.giveDate                           
        
}                                                                                           

                                                                                                    

        
self.wTree.signal_autoconnect(dic)                                                          

                                                                                                    

        
gtk.main()                                                                                  

                                                                                                    

    # Start 
Functions                                                                               

    def giveDate(self, 
widget):                                                                     

        self.dateSelected = 
self.wTree.get_widget("calendar1").get_date()                          
        
self.wTree.get_widget("winCal").destroy()                                                   

                                                                                                    

if __name__ == 
'__main__':                                                                          

    app = winCal()

After I do this cimsCal.winCal() the print "TEST" never happens.  What 
am I doing wrong.  

-- 
Tom Grove



From __peter__ at web.de  Thu Jul 13 04:19:29 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:19:29 +0200
Subject: Too many imports to use a business class library?
References: <1152776671.393707.80630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e94vma$m39$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Sanjay wrote:

> While coding a business class library, I think it is preferable to have
> one class per source file, 

... but I don't like the consequences :-)

> So, as per my study of python, a developer using the business class
> library has to write so many imports, one per class. Like:
> 
> from person import Person
> from contact import Contact
> .
> .
> .
> 
> Is there not a simple solution, a single import and you are able to use
> all the classes? Is there anything wrong in my approcah? Waiting for
> suggestions.

Put person.py, contact.py etc into a subdirectory (which I assume is called
business). Then create a file business/__init__.py to turn the directory
into a package

#contents of business/__init__.py
from person import Person
from contact import Contact

You can then use your library like so:

from business import Person, Contact

person = Person(...)
contact = Contact(...)
 
or preferably:

import business

person = business.Person(...)
contact = business.Contact(...)

Peter



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 28 04:54:08 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:54:08 +0200
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1154024533.683746.263990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153947609.975961.35940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c86743$0$11707$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154024533.683746.263990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c9d0b1$0$13494$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

thebjorn wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> Which conversion ? How do you get the data ? as a datetime object ? as a
>> (y,m,d) tuple ? as a "y-m-d" string ? Else ?
> 
> All input routines, whether they're from a web-form, database, command
> line, or anywhere else, only produce objects from the datetime module
> for calendar data.

Seems quite sensible.

> That way the program logic doesn't have to guess
> which format it's getting... I suppose I could do something like:
> 
>    def age(born):
>         mx_born = mx.DateTime.Date(born.year, born.month, born.day)
>         ...

Yes, I was thinking of something like this.

> -- bjorn
> 


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From girish at cse.iitb.ac.in  Thu Jul  6 00:23:11 2006
From: girish at cse.iitb.ac.in (Girish Sahani)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 09:53:11 +0530 (IST)
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
Message-ID: <55508.10.209.4.2.1152159791.squirrel@10.105.1.3>

hello ppl,

  Consider a list like ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2']. Here 'a','b','c' are
objects and 1,3,4,2 are their instance ids and they are unique e.g. a.1
and b.1 cannot exist together. From this list i want to generate
multiple lists such that each list must have one and only one instance of
every object.
 Thus, for the above list, my output should be:
  [['a.1','b.3','c.2'],['a.1','b.4','c.2']]
 Another example: Let l = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']. Then
output should be [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],[['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3']

 Can anyone suggest me a time-efficient method for doing this??

TIA,
girish




From timothy at open-networks.net  Sat Jul 29 00:43:17 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 14:43:17 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <12clhubn0kkg3ae@corp.supernews.com>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>
	<12clhubn0kkg3ae@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <44CAE765.6090904@open-networks.net>

Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-29, Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> wrote:
>
>   
>> I'd particularly recommend taking a look at the pyparallel
>> module found here:
>>
>>   http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/
>>     
>
> Oops, there isn't actually a link to pyparallel from that page
> (I swear there used to be).  Here's the pyparallel page:
>
> http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html
>
>   
i've had people suggest using fcntl to set the pins status, i'm looking 
to that if anyone has any suggestions


From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Wed Jul 12 07:29:18 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 07:29:18 -0400
Subject: Last used directory?
Message-ID: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKEEPBCAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>

Hello:

   Is there a global or some trick I can use to have
Python remember the last directory visited?
   What I mean is suppose I have this function:

def get_filename():
    """ Returns a filename selected from a Tkinter File Selection Dialog """
    strFilename = tkFileDialog.askopenfilename(initialdir='.',
                                               filetypes=[('Python
files','*.py'),
                                                          ('All
Files','*.*')])
    return strFilename

    but instead of having initialdir='.' (current directory), I
would like it set to the last visited directory, which can be from a
previous run or even a previous day. Is that possible? If so how?


Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 07:35:52 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 04:35:52 -0700
Subject: compiling 2.3.5 on ubuntu
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8247.1153135280.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <4qi8q.8aj.17.1@news.alt.net>
	<1153109279.370246.302220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8247.1153135280.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153136152.684010.24430@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> I'm quessing because (s)he wants to test programs on less recent
> versions of Python. Ubuntu 5.10 was already up to Python 2.4.2, so I
> can't imagine there's anything older on Ubuntu 6.06.
> 
> regards
>   Steve

Both are avaiaible...

-- 
- Justin



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sun Jul  9 05:00:36 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 11:00:36 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8qgjj$e3r$1@sea.gmane.org>

Frank Millman wrote:

> So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
> creates a new list.

objects can override the += operator (by defining the __iadd__ method), 
and the list type maps __iadd__ to extend.  other containers may treat 
+= differently, but in-place behaviour is recommended by the language
reference:

   An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
   x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect.  In
   the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible,
   the actual operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than
   creating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object
   is modified instead.

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 10:19:19 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:19:19 +0200
Subject: Number combinations
In-Reply-To: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be3f67$0$29928$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

placid wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> Just wondering if there is a better way of generating a 4 digit number
> (that gets converted to a string), ive got the following code which
> generates strings between 0000-9999.
> 
> <code>
> 
> for a in range(0,10):
>     for b in range(0,10):
>         for c in range(0,10):
>             for d in range(0,10):

You could reuse the same range...

>                 print "%s%s%s%s" %(str(a), str(b), str(c),str(d)

And there's no need to convert to string here.

def parrot():
    r = range(10)
    return ["%s%s%s%s" % (a, b, c, d) \
             for a in r \
             for b in r \
             for c in r \
             for d in r]

But there's certainly better solutions...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 15:35:31 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 12:35:31 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
In-Reply-To: <1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b003ae$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

nagy wrote:
> Thanks, Kirk.
> I considered the += as only a shorthand notation for the assignment
> operator.
> Since for lists + is simply a concatetation, I am not sure it x=x+[2]
> is creating a brand
> new list. Could you refer me to any documentation on this?

Yes:

http://docs.python.org/ref/augassign.html
"An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as x = 
x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the 
augmented version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the 
actual operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than 
creating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object 
is modified instead."

This behavior is only logical. Consider:

 >>> x = [2]
 >>> y = x + [4]

After these operations, we have two lists: x (the list [2]) and y (the 
list [2, 4]). This is because the expression "x + [4]" creates a new 
list. We then bind this new list to the name 'y', and leave the name 'x' 
alone.

If we then say this:

 >>> x = x + [6]

We are doing much the same operation. We are creating a new list (the 
list [2, 6]), and binding it to the name 'x'. The list [2], previously 
bound to 'x', is no longer bound to anything, so Python frees it.

The augmented assignment, as I went over previously, attempts to modify 
the list object directly. Any names bound to the object (or any other 
objects that reference the object) will see the changes.

-Kirk McDonald


From girodt at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 03:58:07 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 00:58:07 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <vhosb29j7o5n4bhituprh0v55d20ri9smt@4ax.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318863.215301.52120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9lii4$osc$01$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1153323573.284183.6540@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<vhosb29j7o5n4bhituprh0v55d20ri9smt@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153382287.736461.91990@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

okay, thanks everyone. this is much clearer now.



From Traveler at time.com  Sat Jul 29 15:20:58 2006
From: Traveler at time.com (Traveler)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 19:20:58 GMT
Subject: Smaple of recursive directory walker
References: <dh7nc2lv0chhkfktu0b6dcmr1unlbi8jrg@4ax.com>
	<1154199663.309953.88020@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <u4dnc21j78j31fj6ud6ndj338lha636ol1@4ax.com>

yes this is great i will work from that but how can i use say a list
to pass 10 words?

mylist = ['word1','word2','word3','word4']



On 29 Jul 2006 12:01:03 -0700, "Ant" <antroy at gmail.com> wrote:

>
>> At work I have a directory of about 50 large text files and i need to
>> search thru them for 10 separate words and print how many were found
>> in total.
>>
>> I am new to python so could somebody please show me some sample code
>> that would help me get this done and i will work from that.
>
>Assuming it's primarily the directory walk you need help with,
>something like the following should help:
>
>for root, dirs, files in os.walk('~/mydir'):
>    for file in [f for f in files if f.endswith(".txt")]:
>        fh = open(file)
>        for line in fh:
>            # Search for words.
>        fh.close()



From bgporter at acm.org  Thu Jul 13 21:14:42 2006
From: bgporter at acm.org (Brett g Porter)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 21:14:42 -0400
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
In-Reply-To: <1152836912.715940.187100@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152836912.715940.187100@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B6F002.7080300@acm.org>

Justin Azoff wrote:
> Tom Plunket wrote:
>> 	boilerplate = \
>> """
> [big string]
>> """
>>
>> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)
>>
[deletia...]

> Of course..
> 
>>>> stuff = {'lang': 'python', 'page': 'typesseq-strings.html'}
>>>> print """I should read the %(lang)s documentation at
> ... http://docs.%(lang)s.org/lib/%(page)s""" % stuff
> I should read the python documentation at
> http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html

...or perhaps cooler:
http://docs.python.org/lib/node109.html

something like:

from string import Template

def GetPyContents(module):
	boilerplate = Template( \
"""
class $moduleName:
	pass
	
if __name__ == '__main__':
	import unittest
	unittest.main('${moduleName}_t')
""")
	
	return boilerplate.substitute(moduleName=module)


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 07:03:16 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:03:16 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea29dg$gns$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ray wrote:
> I just moved to another company that's mainly a Java/.NET shop. I was
> happy to find out that there's a movement from the grassroot to try to
> convince the boss to use a dynamic language for our development!
> 
> Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
> Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
> Django, they went like, "what's that?".
> 
> I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".
> 
> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
> 
> I think they are already predisposed to RoR simply because of RoR's
> visibility (i.e.: at my workplace everybody knows RoR but nobody knows
> about Django unless they've used Python as well). So far the arguments
> I can think of:
> 
> 1. The investment of learning Python will be a good investment because
> it transfer to platforms that we've already supported, i.e.: JVM and
> ..NET CLR (using Jython and IronPython). Ruby's availability on this
> platform is not as mature--JRuby is still at 0.9 and I don't think
> IronRuby is coming out anytime soon :)
> 
> 2. Python is a much more mature language than Ruby--it's been around
> since ages ago and as such has a lot more tools, articles, and other
> resources than Ruby. It is also the language being used by
> high-visibility company like Google, with the creator of the language
> himself working there.
> 
> 3. Python emphasizes readability instead of cleverness/conciseness.
> 
> 4. What else? I haven't tried RoR so I can't argue meaningfully on
> whether using Django will put us at an advantage.
> 
> Can you help me with my argument? Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try
> as well.
> 
I wouldn't waste your time. "A man convinced against his will is of the 
same opinion still", and they already know they aren't interested in 
Python. There are probably many other matters about which they are 
uninformed and equally determined.

   http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2005/08/i_changed_my_mi.html

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From dbandler at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:09:37 2006
From: dbandler at gmail.com (dbandler at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:09:37 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152644328.097592.78060@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152648577.080744.307200@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

There are n instances of ftplib.FTP.

Funny thing is that I tried to run the code twice, concurrently, in two
separate IDLE instances. Each instance had four threads/ftp calls.
Again, only five ftp connections were allowed on my computer.  The code
errored out on the sixth attempt.

I wonder if there' s some underlying software being called that has a
limit on the number of ftp connections allowed at any point in time.
I'm tempted to try this on cygwin to see if the behavior is different.

Derek

import ftplib, zipfile, datetime, os
from threading import Thread, Lock


class ftpDownload(Thread):
    def __init__(self, year, quarter):
        Thread.__init__(self)
        self.quarter     = str(quarter)
        self.year         = str(year)
        self.filename   = ""
        self.ftp = ftplib.FTP('xxxxxxx')
        self.ftp.login()
        self.lock         = Lock()

    def run(self):
        filehandle = open(self.filename,'wb')
        self.ftp.retrbinary('RETR /xxxxx/xxxxxxx/' + self.year + '/QTR'
+ self.quarter + '/xxxxxxx.zip', filehandle.write)
        filehandle.close()
        self.ftp.close()

ftplist = []
for year in range(1990,2000):
    for quarter in range(1,5):
        current = ftpDownload(year, quarter)
        ftplist.append(current)
        current.start()

for job in ftplist:
    job.join()




Jeremy Jones wrote:
> dbandler at gmail.com wrote:
> > I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
> > box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
> > possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
> > look like:
> >
> >    File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
> >     self.connect(host)
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
> >     self.welcome = self.getresp()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
> >     resp = self.getmultiline()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
> >     line = self.getline()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
> >     if not line: raise EOFError
> > EOFError
> >
> > Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?
> >
> > Thanks.
> >
> > Derek
>
> I replied to this about 4 hours ago from my gmail email account (not my
> google groups account associated with the same email addres), but
> haven't seen it show up, so I apologize if this is a dupe.
>
> Would you mind posting your code?  Are you trying to pass the same FTP
> connection object to all 5 threads?
> 
> - Jeremy M. Jones



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Wed Jul 26 03:42:41 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 07:42:41 GMT
Subject: doctest with variable return value
References: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<ea5kpc$onk$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1153893925.316619.298380@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980C5752EA500duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

3KWA wrote:

> 
> Peter Otten wrote:
> 
>> You cannot test for an unknown value, but you can do some sanity
>> checks: 
>>
>>     >>> rate = get_rate('AUDEUR')
>>     >>> rate > 0
>>     True
>>     >>> isinstance(rate, float)
>>     True
>>
>> This will at least make sure that get_rate() does not throw an
>> exception. 
> 
> Thanks a lot ... sanity checks ... it makes a lot of sense to me!
> 
> At EuroPython I attended a talk where someone said that untested code
> is nothing ... so I am trying to write something instead of nothing
> ... on the other hand can code ever be over tested?
> 
Yes, code can be over tested: tests require maintenance just like any other 
code, so you should avoid having tests which just duplicate other tests and 
don't add any value. e.g. If you know the rate code works for a few 
currencies it probably also works for most others, so you don't need to 
exhaustively test all possible currency pairs.

For your unknown value, I would choose a range which you might expect to 
hold true for a reasonable period of time and check the value is inside 
that range. If the currencies shift massively you might need to update the 
test, but with luck that won't happen:

>>> 0.4 <= get_rate('AUDEUR') <= 0.8

That way if your code starts accidentally returning EURAUD you should catch 
it in the test, but minor shifts shouldn't matter.


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 07:39:19 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 04:39:19 -0700
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
In-Reply-To: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153827559.696477.62330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Have you considered IronPython?

This is of course only an option if you're prepared to code in VB.NET
or C# instead of VB6 or Delphi, but it would provide seamless
integratioon between your Python code and the rest of your app and
would not require an external graphics library - although you would
need to distribute the .NET and IronPython runtimes.

Multiple-language and library integration is after all what .NET is all
about.


Simon Hibbs



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 06:49:42 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 12:49:42 +0200
Subject: Progress Bars in python
References: <44B4D1B6.5040508@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e92k46$i5l$1@sea.gmane.org>

Hari Sekhon wrote:

>   I've written a script which backs up a huge bunch of files, but I
> don't want the script to output the file names as it does this as it
> clutters the screen, I only output errors.
>
> So in order to see that the script is working and not stuck, I'd like to
> implement some kind of progress bar or something, perhaps like the
> spinning thing that you often see in linux or freebsd consisting of
> switching / - \ | on the spot to get the appearance of a spinning
> bar.... I can figure out that the spinning bar is done by switching
> these four chars but I don't know how they get each char to replace the
> last one instead of printing them in succession.

use backspace ("\b") or carriage return ("\r") to move the cursor backwards.

minimal example:

    import time, sys

    for i in range(100+1):
        sys.stdout.write("\r%c %d%% done..." % ("|/-\\"[i%4], i))
        sys.stdout.flush()
        time.sleep(0.2)

maximal example (also see the comments):

    http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/473899

</F> 





From aomighty at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 03:04:19 2006
From: aomighty at gmail.com (aomighty at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 00:04:19 -0700
Subject: Error type for shelve.open()
In-Reply-To: <1152295274.100438.92690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152139470.472380.220860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152149392.191159.183920@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<1152167298.165822.53360@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152289101.673413.54240@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152295274.100438.92690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152515059.390349.67170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I reported the bug to python.org and apparently it has already been
fixed in the latest SVN build :).
aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> Yes, the problem was that I hadn't imported anydbm.error... it's
> working now.
>
> As for the AttributeError at the end, I talked to someone else, and he
> looked at the source and said it was a bug in shelve. I think I will
> report it to python.org.
>
> Anyway, thanks :).
> Simon Forman wrote:
> > aomighty at gmail.com wrote:
> > > I tried what you said and it looked like maybe AttributeError, but that
> > > didn't work either.
> > >
> > > This code snippet:
> > >
> > > import shelve
> > > from traceback import format_exc
> > >
> > > try:
> > >    db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> > > except:
> > >    print format_exc()
> > >
> > > Gave me this output:
> > > Traceback (most recent call last):
> > >   File "test.py", line 5, in ?
> > >     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> > >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 231, in open
> > >     return DbfilenameShelf(filename, flag, protocol, writeback, binary)
> > >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/shelve.py", line 212, in __init__
> > >     Shelf.__init__(self, anydbm.open(filename, flag), protocol,
> > > writeback, binary)
> > >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
> > >     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> > > error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db
> > >
> > > Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> > > attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
> > >
> > > Do you know what the error is?
> >
> > No.  If you tried catching AttributeError and it didn't work then I'd
> > guess that the AttributeError is a secondary result of the initial
> > error.
> >
> > This part of the traceback,
> >
> > >   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/anydbm.py", line 77, in open
> > >     raise error, "need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db"
> > > error: need 'c' or 'n' flag to open new db
> >
> > indicates that some sort of custom error, probably defined in the
> > anydbm.py module.
> >
> > Catching the execption and binding it to a var,
> >
> > >>> try:
> > ...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> > ... except Exception, err:
> > ...     E = err
> > ...
> > Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> > attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
> > >>> E
> > <anydbm.error instance at 0xb7d8270c>
> >
> >
> >
> > So:
> > >>> from anydbm import error
> > >>> try:
> > ...     db = shelve.open("meh", "r")
> > ... except error:
> > ...     print 'Aha!  got it!'
> > ...
> > Aha!  got it!
> > Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "DbfilenameShelf instance has no
> > attribute 'writeback'" in  ignored
> >
> >
> > Well, that catches the error, but I don't know what's going on with the
> > additional AttributeError or what to do about it.
> > 
> > Peace,
> > ~Simon



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 08:55:15 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:55:15 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de>

>> Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
>> private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>>
> 
> Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> object's internal data and thus crashing your system?

Ah, you mean like in JAVA where the compiler prevents you from accessing
private variables, but the runtime allows access to these very variables
via reflection? 

Or in C++, where the malevolent programmer just removes the private
declarations in his compile run, and accesses the "private" data from your
object as if it was never declared that way?

You better forget thinking about these hilarious mechanisms of access
control as something that enforces security, and start thinking about them
as a convention that states "I told you not to tamper with this, you've
been warned" - which is done in python using a leading underscore. Or two.

Unless setting or getting a property implies code being run beside the
actual state change, there is absolutely no reason to use accessors. But I
fear this horse has been beaten to death in front of you so many times, yet
still you refuse to see it that way - so, go and use accessors if you like.
Nobody cares....


Diez


From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 22:24:11 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 19:24:11 -0700
Subject: Ann: PyPgExplorer-0.8
Message-ID: <1153362251.922739.52210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

PyPgExplorer is a pure python application that allows the
user to browse and modify Postgresql Databases. Features
include:

o A Scripts menu that makes access to your favorite SQL
  scripts only a click away.

o On unix and Mac systems, if psql is detected in a
  standard location, then access to this tool is exposed
  in PyPgExplorer.

o If the PIL module is available then bytea fields containing
  images can be viewed (in a separate window) in PyPgExplorer.

o Fields in the database can be exported to the users file system.

o PyPgExplorer supports a simple editor. The editor can be
  used to update/delete/insert records. The editor also
  supports importing BYTEA (think images) data from files
  into the database.

Should work in Mac OSX, Linux, WinXP.

Documentation, requirements and Source freely available at:

   http://homepage.mac.com/levanj/Python

My homepage:  http://homepage.mac.com/levanj

This is by no means a PGAdmin replacement :)

Thanks

Jerry



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 09:09:26 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:09:26 +0200
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

thebjorn wrote:
> For the purpose of finding someone's age I was looking for a way to
> find how the difference in years between two dates, so I could do
> something like:
> 
>   age = (date.today() - born).year
> 
> but that didn't work (the timedelta class doesn't have a year
> accessor).
> 
> I looked in the docs and the cookbook, but I couldn't find anything, so
> I came up with:
> 
>   def age(born):
>       now = date.today()
>       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
>       return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)
> 
> i.e. calculate the "raw" years first and subtract one if he hasn't had
> his birthday yet this year... It works, but I'd rather use a standard
> and generic approach if it exists...?

You may want to have a look at mxDatetime, which has a RelativeDateTime
type that seems to do what you want:
http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxDateTime.html


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From istvan.albert at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 17:10:47 2006
From: istvan.albert at gmail.com (Istvan Albert)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 14:10:47 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
Message-ID: <1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

St?phane Ninin wrote:

> Is a lock required in such a case ?

I believe that assignment is atomic and would not need a lock.

yet most of the other dictionary use cases are not threadsafe. For
example I suspect that you'd get an error if you were iterating through
the dictionary while another thread inserted a value.

i.



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 10 14:01:26 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:01:26 -0400
Subject: simulate enumerate in python 2.1
References: <1152549048.932608.301130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8u4ln$oad$1@sea.gmane.org>


<eight02645999 at yahoo.com> wrote in message 
news:1152549048.932608.301130 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com...
> hi,
> i am using python 2.1. Can i use the code below to simulate the
> enumerate() function in 2.3? If not, how to simulate in 2.1?
> thanks
>
> from __future__ import generators
> def enumerate(sequence):
>    index = 0
>    for item in sequence:
>        yield index, item
>        index += 1

Didn't generators and the new iterator protocol arrived in 2.2?
If so you have to write an iterator in the older __getitem__ protocol, 
which should be in the 2.1 docs.

tjr





From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 12:06:38 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 09:06:38 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154361998.861851.157210@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> Yes, I came here for the "algorithm" question, not the code result.

To turn BCD x to binary integer y,

  set y to zero
  for each nibble n of x:
    y = (((y shifted left 2) + y) shifted left 1) + n

Do you need instruction on extracting nibbles, and shifting and
adding integers?

A problem this small and simple does not call for a prototype.


-- 
--Bryan



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 19:48:12 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 16:48:12 -0700
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

ya know, I've searched for these "new classes" at least five times.
I've heard all the wonderful things about how they make your life into
a piece of chocolate with rainbows sprinkled in it.  Never once have I
found a site that explains what syntax to use to make these new
classes.

Anyone have a URL?


Scott David Daniels wrote:
> cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> > I'm getting rather inconsistent behavior with staticmethod.
> Not really.
>
> >>>> class A:
> > 	def orig():
> > 		print "hi"
> > 	st = staticmethod(orig)
> > 	st2 = st
> > 	wrapped = [ orig ]
> > 	wrapped2 = [ st ]
> ...
>  >>>> A.wrapped[0]() # ODD - wrapping orig() in a list makes orig() work?
>  > hi
>  >>>> A.wrapped2[0]() # ODD - copying st works -- A.st2() -- but copying
> it to a list fails?
> ...
>
> When you put orig in wrapped, it is _before_ the class is built,
> so you are placing a simple function of no args in a list.
>
> When you put st in wrapped2, it is also _before_ the class is built,
> so you are placing staticmethod(a simple function of no args) in a list.
>
> You really should be using new-style classes, some things just
> work wrong in "classic classes" (this is not one of those things,
> however).
>
> When the class gets built, the staticmethod wrapper is used to determine
> how to build A.  The class construction gets handed the "namespace"
> that was defined in the class suite, and it fumbles over the defined
> names determining what conversions to apply (and looking for things
> like "__metaclass__" and "__slots__").  For more on all of this read
> the language reference, esp. the "Data Model" section, and probably that
> on the difference between old-style and new-style classes.
> 
> 
> 
> --Scott David Daniels
> scott.daniels at acm.org



From sturlamolden at yahoo.no  Fri Jul 28 16:07:55 2006
From: sturlamolden at yahoo.no (sturlamolden)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 13:07:55 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
Message-ID: <1154117275.656707.311290@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Chance Ginger wrote:

> Not quite that simple. In most modern OS's today there is something
> called COW - copy on write. What happens is when you fork a process
> it will make an identical copy. Whenever the forked process does
> write will it make a copy of the memory. So it isn't quite as bad.

A noteable exception is a toy OS from a manufacturer in Redmond,
Washington. It does not do COW fork. It does not even fork.

To make a server system scale well on Windows you need to use threads,
not processes. That is why the global interpreter lock sucks so badly
on Windows.



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 02:39:53 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 23:39:53 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9hv1i$1qr$00$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9hv1i$1qr$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153204793.019414.134020@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Peter Otten wrote:
> Carl Banks wrote:
>
> >     def process_values(lst):
> >         if not lst:
> >             return
> >         do_expensive_initialization_step()
> >         for item in lst:
> >             do_something_with(item)
> >         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>
> > What if you called the function like this:
> >
> >     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)
> >
> > Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
> > finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
> > subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
> > throw an exception.
>
> The good news is that the above has a 99 percent chance that it just works
> with iterators/generators -- even though the writer may not have been aware
> of them/they didn't exist when the code was written...

There's a litmus test I like to use when justifying something with
percentages: I imagine that I'm presenting it to my boss, and ask
myself if I still expect to have a job the next day. :-)

Yes, I agree with you, it most cases I expect merely unnecessary work.
(Which is not the best news; the best news would be an exception right
away.)  That's why I think this is only a "pretty good" reason to use
"if len(lst)>0", not a slam dunk.


Carl Banks



From rbsharp at gmx.de  Thu Jul 13 03:09:02 2006
From: rbsharp at gmx.de (rbsharp at gmx.de)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 00:09:02 -0700
Subject: pyExcelerator - Can I read and modify an existing Excel-WorkBook?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8040.1152642465.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8024.1152627147.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4uWdnU7ccvDrKC7ZnZ2dnUVZ_u-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<312cfe2b0607110904h2b2b441dvc5b76dbbd47d42d9@mail.gmail.com>
	<44B3E387.7050606@websafe.com>
	<mailman.8040.1152642465.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152774541.940232.319170@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,
I agree that it would be nice to use one package to read and modify an
Excel Sheet. I have only had to do either one or the other, read a
sheet and use the data for something else, or export data to an
Excel-Sheet. Perhaps you might like to look at xlrd:

http://www.lexicon.net/sjmachin/xlrd.htm

It works fines as far as reading Excel is concerned.

Greetings,

Richard Sharp

Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> No, by it I meant pyExcelerator :-)
>
> On 7/11/06, Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:
> > If by "it" you mean Excel's COM interface, it most certainly will.
> > With COM you call all the same functions/methods that Microsoft
> > calls to open, save, and manipulate the spreadsheet.
> >
> > Here are a few links that might help:
> >
> > http://mathieu.fenniak.net/plotting-in-excel-through-pythoncom/
> > http://www.markcarter.me.uk/computing/python/excel.html
> > http://mathieu.fenniak.net/plotting-in-excel-through-pythoncom/
> >
> > Hope info helps.
> >
> > -Larry
> >
> > Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> > > I'm pretty sure it doesn't support reading an existing document.  That
> > > would be useful.
> > >
> > > On 7/11/06, Larry Bates <larry.bates at websafe.com> wrote:
> > >> Marco Aschwanden wrote:
> > >> >
> > >> > Hi
> > >> >
> > >> > I would like to
> > >> >   1. import an existing Excel-sheet (a template)
> > >> >   2. and add some data to it
> > >> >   3. and save it under a different name afterwards.
> > >> >
> > >> > To me it seems, that pyExcelerator does not support the reading for
> > >> > modification of an Excel-sheet. It allows only the "parse_xls" but I
> > >> > would like to keep the "formatting" in the template.
> > >> >
> > >> > Did I miss a "load", "read" or "open" function in pyExcelerator that
> > >> > would hand me back a WorkBook?
> > >> >
> > >> > Greetings,
> > >> > Marco
> > >> >
> > >> >
> > >> If you are on Windows, you may find using COM interface to
> > >> actual Excel application easier.
> > >>
> > >> -Larry Bates
> > >> --
> > >> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> > >>
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
>
> --
> Gregory Pi?ero
> Chief Innovation Officer
> Blended Technologies
> (www.blendedtechnologies.com)



From fortepianissimo at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 13:55:41 2006
From: fortepianissimo at gmail.com (fortepianissimo)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 10:55:41 -0700
Subject: Using python code from Java?
In-Reply-To: <4i9u58F2mhniU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4i9u58F2mhniU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153418141.908084.106980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> fortepianissimo schrieb:
> > Is there a solution to enable Java programmers to call functions
> > written in Python? Any wrapper generator that wraps Python code into
> > some Java-callable form?
> >
> > I briefly looked at Jython, but if I understand it right, it didn't
> > support full power of Python 2.3.x (which I need).
> >
> > Any suggestion is welcome!
>
> CORBA or any other RPC mechanism supported by both python & Java springs
> to mind.

Thanks for the tip - but anything tighter than that? Dealing with
multiple servers within one application is a bit too much for my
project...

> Waiting for jython2.3 might be an option, too - things are pretty much
> on the move right now.

Any idea how soon that will be?

Thanks!



From brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk  Tue Jul 18 09:01:27 2006
From: brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk (Brian Elmegaard)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:01:27 +0200
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk> <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
	<44bcd3a0$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <u64hvkqxk.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>

John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> writes:

> 2. Put spaces around operators -- in general, RTFStyleGuide
>    http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008

I din't know it. Thanks.

> Only you know what *really* meaningful names you should be using.

I have better names in my running code.

> mykey = a + c
> newvalue = x + e
> lastdict = dictlist[-1]
> if mykey not in lastdict or lastdict[mykey] < newvalue:
>      lastdict[mykey] = newvalue

Better, thanks.

> 4. Add some comments about what you are trying to achieve. What is the
>    point of keeping the two dicts in a list??? Can't you give them
>    names, like rawdatadict and maxdict?

It's a dynamic programming problem, so this will contain as many dicts
as hours in the year.

-- 
Brian (remove the sport for mail)
http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk


From st at tobiah.org  Mon Jul 31 15:52:06 2006
From: st at tobiah.org (tobiah)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:52:06 -0700
Subject: Borg vs. Module
Message-ID: <44ce522c$0$9895$88260bb3@free.teranews.com>

I am making a web app, made up of many modules
that all need access to some important data, like
the current session data, cookies, navigation history,
post/get variables, etc.

I decided to go with the 'Borg' idea, by assigning the
__dict__ of an object to a class variable so that each
instantiation of the Borg() would share the same data.
That way I can either pass the Borg around, or just
Borg() it if I need it in some obscure place.

Then I read an argument that it usually makes more sense
to just have a module with the data and functions that
I need, which all the other modules can simply import.
Since I only need one instance, I could just stuff data
and call 'methods' on this module, probably without even
changing existing syntax.

Are there any arguments as to which method is better?

Thanks,

Toby

-- 
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com



From shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 12:58:16 2006
From: shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com (shibaji.bannerjee at gmail.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 09:58:16 -0700
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
In-Reply-To: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
Message-ID: <1152377895.957276.65550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

The wx demos contain an embedded browser (integrates an IE window)
example.

spooky wrote:
> Hey,
>
> For windows there is a object wx.lib.iewin to integrate a browserwindow
> into a python-wx-application.
> I need a similar object, that runs under linux.
> 
> Need help!!!
> 
> Thx,
> 
> Spooky



From tobias at stud.cs.uit.no  Wed Jul 19 13:09:49 2006
From: tobias at stud.cs.uit.no (Tobias Brox)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:09:49 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b273b8$0$14337$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<FeHsg.35559$zy5.710848@twister1.libero.it>
Message-ID: <e9lp0t$1342$1@news.uit.no>

[ZeD]
> you mean sed :)

> sed 's/oldName/newName/g' oldFile > newFile

I used to be a Perl programmer :-)

  perl -i.bak -pe 's/oldName/newName/g' *

As said, this is risky as oldName can be used in other contexts.

-- 
Tobias Brox, 69?42'N, 18?57'E


From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:01:55 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
Message-ID: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
the following snipet:

When I run I get no result

cnt = 0
p=[]
reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
                         quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
for line in reader:
    if cnt > 6:
       break
    for col in line:
       p[:0].append(str(col))
    cnt = cnt + 1

print p

when I change it to the following, I get rows back

cnt = 0
p=[]
reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
                         quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
for line in reader:
    if cnt > 6:
       break
    for col in line:
       print col
    cnt = cnt + 1

print p


Thanks in advance



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 09:08:43 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:08:43 +0200
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><1152568565.170494.159720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.8010.1152606589.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e907sr$252$1@sea.gmane.org>

"iapain" wrote:

> I've already assumed that there is no rexec for me as i am using python
> 2.4. Yeah its much more difficult that my imagination. Should I go for
> alternatives like
> 1. Assume every one who is using this webide, wont corrupt system
> 2. Use some tricks to encrypt the user path and do lots of replacement
> on user code and o/p.
>
> or something else?

unless you're willing to build a restricted runtime that runs on top of the core inter-
preter, you should assume that anyone writing a Python script that's executed by
your program has access to everything that your Python process has access to...

</F> 





From mail at microcorp.co.za  Thu Jul 27 00:58:37 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 06:58:37 +0200
Subject: Tkinter pack Problem
References: <mailman.8561.1153911644.27775.python-list@python.org><op.tdaovsl6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>
	<1153929559.370717.223070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <008701c6b139$53f73540$03000080@hendrik>


"Simon Forman" <rogue_pedro at yahoo.com> wrote:

| I find the "Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python" under "Local links" on
| this page http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/lang/python/tkinter.html to
| be very helpful.  It has a decent discussion of the grid layout
| manager.
| 
| HTH,
| ~Simon

Thanks am checking it out - downloading pdf... - Hendrik



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 17:52:13 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 23:52:13 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6obhF29t6oU1@uni-berlin.de> <12bsoskdg7mbtbb@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <4i7nsbF2j0ofU1@uni-berlin.de>

Ed Jensen schrieb:
> Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
>> Ah, you mean like in JAVA
> 
> Java is not an acronym.  That is: it's "Java", not "JAVA".

Now THAT was an important information RIGHT on topic.

>> where the compiler prevents you from accessing
>> private variables, but the runtime allows access to these very variables
>> via reflection? 
> 
> Java does not allow access to private members via reflection.

For somebody nitpicking on natural language usage to a non-native 
speaker, you show an impressive lack of knowledge in the actual subject 
discussed.

http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2003/11/12/reflection.html


Diez


From nobody at dizum.com  Fri Jul  7 17:20:10 2006
From: nobody at dizum.com (Nomen Nescio)
Date: Fri,  7 Jul 2006 23:20:10 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Finding Return Code From GPG
References: <6eefbec903f6aab8129b3fbafdd0f68e@dizum.com>
	<44aa9ea5@news.uni-ulm.de>
Message-ID: <27e6064815f49f93c0ba9644ba0649e6@dizum.com>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:00:23 +0200, Dennis Benzinger wrote:

> Nomen Nescio wrote:
>> I'm running gpg in python to verify a signature. I can see that it is
>> working, because gpg is displaying the results.
>> 
>> But I need a way to let the python script know this. According to the
>> gpg manual there is a return code from gpg of 0 if the verify is good
>> and 1 if it is bad.
>> 
>> Can anyone tell me how I can get the python script to 'see' this return
>> code?
>> 
>> 
> How do you run GPG? I suggest using the subprocess module
> <http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html>. If you just need
> something simple then you can use its call function
> <http://docs.python.org/lib/node236.html>.

Thanks, I used the popen function which did some of what I want. Here is
the code I used:


from subprocess import *

output = Popen(["gpg", "--output", "--verify", "sigtest"], stdout=PIPE).communicate()[0]



That worked, sort of - it did the verification at least and I can see the return code.

What is still not working is the display from gpg. It shows up on the monitor screen like this:

gpg: Signature made Tue 04 Jul 2006 08:04:10 AM CET using DSA key ID
06B09BA4
gpg: Good signature from "Boz Scraggs <scraggs at test.invalid>"


I need to get that into a file so I can parse it. Any further suggestions?



From http  Thu Jul 13 01:46:34 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 22:46:34 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xsll6uked.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"John Henry" <john106henry at hotmail.com> writes:
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

    print (False not in map(bool, logflags))

Possibly more "pure" alternative (untested):

    from operator import and_
    print reduce(and_, map(bool, logflags))


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 11:07:47 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 08:07:47 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <roy-5F2CB3.09353926072006@reader2.panix.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<roy-5F2CB3.09353926072006@reader2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1153926467.511367.40060@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Roy Smith:
> 2) I find the "and 1 or 0" part very confusing.  I can't remember all the
> minor rules about operator precedence, but I'm sure this works out to some
> clever hack involving boolean short-circuit evaluation to get around the
> lack of a ternary operator in python.  If I need to pull out the reference
> manual to decipher what an expression means, it's too complicated.  Try
> something like:

>From the manual, 5.10:
>(Note that neither and nor or restrict the value and type they return to False and True, but rather return the last evaluated argument. This is sometimes useful, e.g., if s is a string that should be replaced by a default value if it is empty, the expression s or 'foo' yields the desired value. Because not has to invent a value anyway, it does not bother to return a value of the same type as its argument, so e.g., not 'foo' yields False, not ''.)<

Then are such things something good to remove from Python 3.0 (making
or and and always return True or False), to simplify the language, and
make it more clear and reduce the possibility of bugs?

Bye,
bearophile



From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 03:15:23 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:15:23 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153949764.939782.173390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
	<1153949764.939782.173390@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153984523.627719.97730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Russell Warren wrote:
> This is something I have a streak of paranoia about (after discovering
> that the current xmlrpclib has some thread safety issues).  Is there a
> list maintained anywhere of the modules that are aren't thread safe?


It's much safer to work the other way: assume that libraries are _not_
thread safe unless they're listed as such.  Even things like the
standard C library on mainstream Linux distributions are only about 7
years into being thread-safe by default, anything at all esoteric you
should assume is not until you investigate and find documentation to
the contrary.



From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 21 07:32:47 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 13:32:47 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <e9qe0a$34r$01$1@news.t-online.com>

Boris Borcic wrote:

> does
> 
> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
> 
> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
> 
> Intuitively, assuming list.sort() does a minimal number of comparisons to
> achieve the sort, I'd say the answer is yes. But I don't feel quite
> confortable with the intuition... can anyone think of a more solid
> argumentation ?

Anecdotal evidence suggests the answer is no:

>>> histo = {}
>>> for i in xrange(1000):
...     t = tuple(sorted(range(3), lambda x, y: cmp(random.random(), 0.5)))
...     histo[t] = histo.get(t, 0) + 1
...
>>> sorted(histo.values())
[60, 62, 64, 122, 334, 358]

versus:

>>> histo = {}
>>> for i in xrange(1000):
...     t = tuple(sorted(range(3), key=lambda x: random.random()))
...     histo[t] = histo.get(t, 0) + 1
...
>>> sorted(histo.values())
[147, 158, 160, 164, 183, 188]

Peter


From crystalattice at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 00:11:26 2006
From: crystalattice at yahoo.com (crystalattice)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 04:11:26 GMT
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <op.tcelxcy3qaun6z@emac.local>

On Sat, 08 Jul 2006 14:41:52 -1000, IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS  
<alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:

> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.
> I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> Any recommendations?
> Ioannis
>
I started out w/ "Learning Python" from O'Reilly which is good for a nice,  
general overview of the language but I wanted something more detailed.  I  
found the "Python Learn to Program" textbook from Deitel & Deitel to be  
very good.  It's based on v2.2 but it still has practical use.  Since it's  
a text book it has many examples and small problems to try as you develop  
your skills.  If you can find it used online you should be able to get it  
<$40.


-- 
Using Opera's revolutionary e-mail client: http://www.opera.com/mail/


From aisaac0 at verizon.net  Wed Jul 26 13:58:52 2006
From: aisaac0 at verizon.net (David Isaac)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:58:52 GMT
Subject: using names before they're defined
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <w3Oxg.11894$Oz3.10473@trnddc02>

Suppose I have inherited the structure

PackageFolder/
      __init__.py
      mod1.py
      SubPackageFolder/
              __init__.py
              mod2.py
              mod3.py

When mod1 is run as a script,
I desire to import either mod2 or mod3 but not both
conditional on an option detected by the 'main()' function
in mod1.

Whichever is imported will be imported as, say, 'use_mod',
and code in mod1 will refer to use_mod.

Problem:
classes in mod1 that refer to 'use_mod' of course
raise a NameError, since the import does not take
place until 'main()' is run.

So, what is the right way to implement my desire?

Thanks,
Alan Isaac




From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:16:35 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:16:35 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8104.1152781467.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8104.1152781467.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152782195.048125.133960@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> "mystilleef" wrote:
>
> > Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
> > does that solve my naming issues.
>
> if your code is as muddled as your rhetorics, your only solution might be
> to give up programming.
>
> </F>
There's no correlation between rhetorics and programming. That's like
me saying if you are trying to be sarcastic your only solution might be
to give up programming.



From jjl at pobox.com  Thu Jul 27 16:09:36 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:09:36 GMT
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
References: <9583ed900607261104i23230ba2sa634e3969b70f3b3@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8582.1153941474.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153948828.512071.89780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <877j1yhksf.fsf@pobox.com>

"Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
[...]
> Well, PyXPCOM didn't support out-of-process automation last time I
> checked, and I haven't read anything on the PyXPCOM list [1] that would
> suggest otherwise. Meanwhile, there is support for automation of
[...]

http://groups.google.co.uk/group/mozilla.dev.tech.dom/browse_thread/thread/2f6d1ced01ce1269/fe816342afcb8084?lnk=st&q=&rnum=1#fe816342afcb8084


John


From me at jonbowlas.com  Sat Jul 29 06:57:45 2006
From: me at jonbowlas.com (Jonathan Bowlas)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 11:57:45 +0100
Subject: testing for data type
Message-ID: <00d601c6b2fd$d2f528f0$73602452@bowlas>

Hi Listers,

 

I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
is possible in python?

 

Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
passed as a list. Therefore if my function is required to perform an action
based on each argument passed in the list the function works correctly but
if it is passed as a string nothing happens.

 

This is my function:

selecteddeptcodes = context.REQUEST.DEPTCODE

currentstatus = context.REQUEST.STATUS

 

if currentstatus == 'pending':

 for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:

   context.changetolive(DEPTCODE=dptcd)

if currentstatus == 'old':

 for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:

   context.changetopending(DEPTCODE=dptcd)

return context.pub_dept_form(context, context.REQUEST, message='Updated
Status')

 

The argument in question is selecteddeptcodes.

 

I tried to make my function conditional based on the length of the argument
passed but if it's just one checkbox value passed the length of the argument
is 2 (which is the number of chars passed in the string) and if there are
two checkboxes the length of the argument (which is the number of items in
the list) is also 2. So that doesn't help.

 

Any assistance would be appreciated.

 

Jon

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From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 12:18:30 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 09:18:30 -0700
Subject: regular expression - matches
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

John Salerno wrote:
> Simon Forman wrote:
>
> > Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string, so if you
> > want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
> > want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
> > the rest of your pattern matches.)
>
> Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the
> full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match
> (meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's wrong?

My understanding, from the docs and from dim memories of using
re.match() long ago, is that it will match on less than the full input
string if the re pattern allows it (for instance, if the pattern
*doesn't* end in '.*' or something similar.)

I'd test this, though, before trusting it.

What the heck, I'll do that now:

>>> import re
>>> re.match('ab', 'abcde')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb6ff8790>
>>> m = _
>>> m.group()
'ab'
>>> print re.match('ab$', 'abcde')
None


Yup!  That's the case.

Peace,
~Simon



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Wed Jul 19 08:35:04 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:35:04 +0200
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.12.34.53.891206@yahoo.fr>

Since the event handler of a textctrl inherits from wxCommandEvent,
I would guess that the binding should be to EVT_COMMAND_KILL_FOCUS

Not tested...


Rony



Le Wed, 19 Jul 2006 03:15:36 -0700, Simon Hibbs a ?crit?:

> 
> Steve Holden wrote:
> 
>> It should be quite simple: you need to handle EVT_SET_FOCUS and/or
>> EVT_KILL_FOCUS events (documented in the wxPython docs) to know when to
>> recaclulate the values. Sounds like that should be enough of a hint to you.
> 
> I've tried that, but it doesn't work. Here is the test code:
> 
>     self.PlantCtrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "")
> 
>     self.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl,
> self.PlantCtrl)
> 
>     def OnUpdatePlantCtrl(self, event):
>         print "set Plant"
> 
> When the control loses focus, I don't get the message in the console.
> I'm trapping other events successfuly elsewhere using similar code.
> 
> Simon Hibbs
> .



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Mon Jul 24 15:51:56 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:51:56 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-23 14:53:33, danielx wrote:
>
> > I can't figure out why Josiah's breakLine function won't work either. I
> > know Josiah has had his problem resolved, but I'd still like to know
> > why his func won't work. I'd like to redirect this discussion in that
> > direction, if I may.
>
> I think what happens is this (and this may not be expressed in the proper
> terms for Python): It is possible to read variables from the outer function
> in the inner function. But when trying to write to them, this causes that
> same name to be re-defined in the inner function's scope, making it a
> different variable. Now, in the OP's code, that caused that new variable
> (with scope of the inner function) to be accessed before anything was
> assigned to it.
>
> One obvious way is to not write to the variables from the outer scope, but
> rather return a value from the inner function and assign it in the outer
> function. But it seems there should be a way to be able to write in the
> inner function to variables that are defined in the outer function.
>
>
> >> First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists
> >> in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.
> >
> > Coming from lisp, that doesn't make very much sense, and I'm not sure
> > that's true. If you move the def for addTok bellow the lines that
> > initialize the locals of breakLines, you still get the same problem.
>
> The problem there is only secondarily a scope problem. At first it is
> reading a variable (the inner function scope variable tok) before anything
> has been assigned to it. Of course, the real problem is the secondary one:
> that this variable tok is a variable of scope addTok and not of scope
> breakLine.
>
> >> Second point: a nested function cannot rebind names from the enclosing
> >> namespace. Note that in Python, rebinding a name and modifying the
> >> object bound to a name are very distinct operations.
> >
> > I'm not sure that's the problem, because when I ran the debugger, the
> > problem is with the line that says if len(tok), not the one bellow it
> > which says tok = "". Regardless, my above issue seems to be overriding
> > this one.
>
> Yes, but it is the line "tok = ''" that seems to cause tok to be now a
> variable of the inner function's scope (rather than the variable tok of
> breakLine).

OHH! Yes, that sounds like it could be it. Wow, to me, that behavior is
eXtremely unexpected (there's lisp popping up its ugly head again :P).
So you're saying that because an assignment to tok appears later within
the def for addTok, that the line if len(tok) won't try to look in
enclosing local scopes? (If such things even exist...)

Gerhard's reply sounded not so confident. Can we have someone who
"really" knows weigh in on this? Thanks!

>
>
> > After some experimentation, I am completely baffeled as to why
> > breakLine won't work. Here is an example of one of the things I did,
> > which I believe exactly mimics what breakLine does:
> >
> >>>> def outer():
> > ... 	def inner():
> > ... 		if outerLocal:
> > ... 			return "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> > ... 		else:
> > ... 			return "Come again?"
> > ... 	outerLocal = "hello world"
> > ... 	return inner()
> > ...
> >>>> outer()
> > "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> >
> > As I said, I believe the line which sets tok should break (quietly),
> > but not the line which tests tok. My experiment seems to confirm
> > this...
>
> The line that sets tok causes tok to be a different tok from the outer tok
> -- in the whole scope of the assignment.
> 
> Gerhard



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 04:35:48 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 10:35:48 +0200
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org><1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com><45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com><44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org><mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org><1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><44A9D99A.50705@anansispaceworks.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607040116r223b3d6cvaee52b4c784f87c9@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e8d98q$b8a$1@sea.gmane.org>

Alex Biddle wrote:

> The message in this case was that I /couldn't/ install anything by
> myself as it is on a /shared/ server that's why I wanted to know
> whether there was anything out of the box I could use.

but you did search the library reference TOC and/or the index for "database" before
you posted, and found that the "persistent dictionary" stuff in there weren't databasish
enough, right ?

</F> 





From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 25 13:36:08 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:36:08 +0200
Subject: doctest with variable return value
References: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea5kpc$onk$03$1@news.t-online.com>

3KWA wrote:

> I am wondering what is the standard doctest (test) practice for
> functions who's returned value change all the time e.g. forex rate:
> 
> import urllib
> 
> def get_rate(symbol):
>     """get_rate(symbol) connects to yahoo finance to return the rate of
> symbol.
> 
>     >>>get_rate('AUDEUR')
> 
>     """
> 
>     url=
> "http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=%s=X&f=sl1d1t1c1ohgv&e=.csv" %
> \
>          symbol
>     f=urllib.urlopen(url)
>     return float(f.readline().split(',')[1])

You cannot test for an unknown value, but you can do some sanity checks:

    >>> rate = get_rate('AUDEUR')
    >>> rate > 0
    True
    >>> isinstance(rate, float)
    True

This will at least make sure that get_rate() does not throw an exception.
You can also spoonfeed it with handcrafted data...

    >>> def mock_urlopen(url):
    ...      from cStringIO import StringIO
    ...      return StringIO("yadda,0.1234")
    ...
    >>> urllib.urlopen = mock_urlopen
    >>> get_rate("AUDEUR")
    0.1234

but this has the disadvantage that the test has to know about the actual
implementation of the function about to be tested.

Peter


From lists at videonetwork.org  Mon Jul 24 09:36:36 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:36:36 +0100
Subject: Exercises for dive into python
Message-ID: <1153748196.7439.5.camel@localhost.localdomain>

Have been working through Dive Into Python which is excellent.  My only
problem is that there are not exercises.  I find exercises are a great
way of helping stuff sink in and verifying my learning.  Has anyone done
such a thing?

Ben




From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul 11 20:32:51 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:32:51 -0700
Subject: uTidylib question..
Message-ID: <0bb701c6a54a$b64c3b50$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

you can do :

import tidy
s = tidy.parseString(foo)

which runs the information in "foo" through tidy, for cleaning. this results
in "s" being a "document object"

print "s" will display the contents of the object.

my question, can the "document object" be turned/translated into a string
var?

thanks

-bruce




From oqestra at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 29 11:37:52 2006
From: oqestra at yahoo.com (oqestra at yahoo.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 08:37:52 -0700
Subject: system programign
Message-ID: <1154187469.197018.295030@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

may i use python to read a file and output its content to another file
which is not created yet and i don't want to use ">" to do this in
linux? how do you do ? oqestra.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 11:10:46 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:10:46 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154013046.425705.128980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> Duncan,
>
> I couldn't make out much from the code.

Please, try again to understand Duncan's code.  It's much better than
what you did.

> Instead this is what I did.
>
> threads = []
>         nloops = range(len(lRawData))
>         for i in nloops:
>             (sUrl, sFile, download_size, checksum) =
> stripper(lRawData[i])
>             t = threading.Thread(target=download_from_web, args=(sUrl,
> sFile, sSourceDir, None))
>             # = pypt_thread(download_from_web, i,
> stripper(lRawData[i]))
>             threads.append(t)
>
>         i = 0
>         join_i = 0
>         while i < nloops:
>             counter = 0
>             while counter < 3:
>                 threads[i].start()
>                 counter += 1
>                 i += 1
>             counter = 0
>             join_i = i - 3
>             while counter < 3:
>                 threads[join_i].join()
>                 counter += 1
>                 join_i += 1
>
> Is this correct ? Comments!!

This is just painful.  It's not exactly "incorrect", but I think (I
*think*, it's hard to tell even after reading it 3 times) that it's
going to only download three requests at a time and if one (or more) of
the requests takes a long time it will hold up all the others.  Also,
you're creating one thread per item in lRawData even though you only
need/use three at a time.

if you set numthreads = 3 in Duncan's code, you would only be
downloading 3 things at a time, but you'd only be using three threads
and long running requests would not affect the others.

If you need help understanding it please ask questions.  I, for one,
would be happy to comment it for you to explain how it works.  It's so
nice and elegant that I've already cut-and-pasted it into my own
"notebook" of cool useful python "patterns" to use in the future.

Reread it slowly, think about what it's doing, if questions arise write
them down and ask them.  Duncan's code is beautiful.  It's well worth
your time to understand it.

Peace,
~Simon

>
> Ritesh
>
>
> Duncan Booth wrote:
> > Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> >
> > > I'm planning to implement threads in my application so that multiple
> > > items can be downloaded concurrently. I want the thread option to be
> > > user-defined.
> > >
> > > Looking at the documentation of threads (Core Python Programming), I've
> > > noticed that all threads are executed a once. Depending upon what they
> > > are doing, some finish early and some later.
> > >
> > > But I want to implement something like:
> > >
> > > for item in list_items:
> > >     for num in thread_args:
> > >        thread[num].start()
> > >        thread[num].start()
> > >
> > > Is this the correct way of threading applications ?
> > > This is the first time I'd be doing threading. So was looking for
> > > comments and suggestions.
> > >
> >
> > What you want is to use a pool of threads so that you can configure how
> > many requests are issued at a time (you don't want to try to issue 100
> > requests all in parallel). You can communicate with the threads through a
> > Queue.
> >
> > So if the code for a thread looks like:
> >
> >    def run(request, response):
> >        while 1:
> >            item = request.get()
> >            if item is None:
> >                 break
> >            response.put(download_from_web(item))
> >
> > # your main loop can be something like:
> >
> > requestQueue = Queue()
> > responseQueue = Queue()
> > thread_pool = [
> >         Thread(target=run, args=(requestQueue, responseQueue)
> >         for i in range(numthreads)]
> > for t in thread_pool: t.start()
> >
> > for item in list_items:
> >      requestQueue.put(item)
> >
> > for i in range(len(list_items)):
> >     response = responseQueue.get()
> >     handle_response(response)
> >
> > # and then to shut down the threads when you've finished:
> > for t in thread_pool:
> >     requestQueue.put(None)
> > for t in thread_pool:
> >      t.join()



From mahs at telcopartners.com  Thu Jul 13 12:44:36 2006
From: mahs at telcopartners.com (Michael Spencer)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 09:44:36 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152773522.905567.45020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152773522.905567.45020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95t96$t6o$1@sea.gmane.org>

Michele Simionato wrote:
> Clay_Culver at yahoo.com wrote:
>> I need to find out if an object is a class.
>> Which is quite simply awful...does anyone know of a better way to do
>> this?
> 
> inspect.isclass
> 
>      M.S.
> 
...which made me wonder what this canonical test is.  The answer:

def isclass(object):
     """Return true if the object is a class.

     Class objects provide these attributes:
         __doc__         documentation string
         __module__      name of module in which this class was defined"""
     return isinstance(object, types.ClassType) or hasattr(object, '__bases__')

I wonder why the test isn't

     isinstance(object, (types.ClassType, type))

Michael



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Fri Jul 21 19:38:16 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 23:38:16 GMT
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qtsq$cm6$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <878xmmo7fb.fsf@reportlab.com>

Peter Otten <__peter__ at web.de> writes:
[...]
> Not sure if this is better, but you can use OptionParser to set attributes
> on arbitrary objects, including your Processor instance:
[...]

I'd guess it's not worth the mental overhead required when you
discover the next argument no longer fits this scheme.  Or the mess
when you start lying to yourself about what the interface of Processor
should be, just so you can implement it like this.

Still, better than just passing 'options' (from options, args =
parser.parse_args()) to all your functions / classes, which... well,
only makes sense if you get paid by the hour, and think that way, too
;-)


John


From davehowey at f2s.com  Mon Jul 24 11:44:34 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 08:44:34 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> > First case is a little shorter but then you have to use a parser for it
>
> There's one builtin.

do you mean 'configparser'? I'm just trying to figure out how this
works. Does it generate objects from the config file automatically?

Dave



From stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 06:50:16 2006
From: stephen.dover at onetel.co.uk (meridian)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 03:50:16 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
Message-ID: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>

I thought I had 'got' globals but this one seems strange.
I want my example function 'doIt' to use and optionally modify a module
variable 'gname', so I declare 'global gname' in the function, but when
modified it doesn't stay modified.

gname = 'Sue'
def doIt(name = gname):
    global gname
    gname = name
    print 'doIt name', name, 'gname', gname

print 'start gname', gname
doIt()
doIt(name='Lisa')
doIt()
print 'finish gname', gname

gives...
 start gname Sue
 doIt name Sue gname Sue
 doIt name Lisa gname Lisa
 doIt name Sue gname Sue
 finish gname Sue

The variable gname has reverted back to value 'Sue'

Curiously though, without the third doIt() call, it works...
print 'start gname', gname
doIt()
doIt(name='Lisa')
#doIt()
print 'finish gname', gname

gives...
 start gname Sue
 doIt name Sue gname Sue
 doIt name Lisa gname Lisa
 finish gname Lisa

The variable gname has been modified to 'Lisa'

Any ideas how I can make the 'Lisa' assignment permanent forever in 2nd
doIt?   Thanks

(Note. Contrived example substitutes for a web-type app, where, if the
page is called without arguments then it displays the global defaults.
If the page is called with form arguments then it should be able to
change the global defaults)



From mwh at python.net  Fri Jul 21 07:24:53 2006
From: mwh at python.net (Michael Hudson)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 12:24:53 +0100
Subject: Ireland PyPy sprint 21th-27th August 2006
Message-ID: <2mmzb3yzcq.fsf@starship.python.net>

The next PyPy sprint will happen in the nice city of 
Limerick in Ireland from 21st till 27th August.  
(Most people intend to arrive 20th August). 

The main focus of the sprint will be on JIT compiler works, 
various optimization works, porting extension modules, 
infrastructure works like a build tool for PyPy, or 
extended (distributed) testing. 

It's also open to new topics.  If you are a student
consider to participate in `Summer of PyPy`_ in order 
get funding for your travels and accomodation. 

The sprint is being hosted by University of Limerick
(http://www.ul.ie/) - and is arranged in co-operation
with people from our sister project Calibre (www.calibre.ie).
Our contact at the University is P?r ?gerfalk and Eoin
Oconchuir. 

.. _`Summer of PyPy`: http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/summer-of-pypy

First day: introduction and workshop (possible to attend only this day)
------------------------------------------------------------------------

During the first day (21st of August) there will be talks on various subjects
related to PyPy:

* A tutorial and technical introduction to the PyPy codebase  
  (suited for people interested in getting an overview of PyPy?s architecture
  and/or contributing to PyPy)

* a workshop covering more in-depth technical aspects of PyPy and what PyPy
  can do for you. The workshop will also cover methodology, aiming at explaining
  the pros and cons of sprint-driven development.
  (suited for sprint attendants, students, staff and other 
  interested parties from/around the University and the local area)

The tutorial will be part of the sprint introduction - the workshop will take place if 
there is enough interest raised before the 21st of August from people planning to 
attend. You are of course welcome to attend just for this first day of the sprint.


If you want to come ...
----------------------------

If you'd like to come, please subscribe to the `pypy-sprint mailing list`_
and drop a note about your interests and post any questions.  More 
organisational information will be send to that list.  We'll keep
a list of `people`_ which we'll update (which you can do so yourself
if you have codespeak commit rights). 

.. _`Calibre`: http://www.calibre.ie 

A small disclaimer:
There might be people visiting the sprint in order to do research on 
how open source communities work, organize and communicate. This 
research might be done via filming, observing or interviewing. 
But of course you will be able to opt-out of being filmed at the sprint. 

Logistics 
--------------------------------------

NOTE: you need a UK style of power adapter (220V). 

The sprint will be held in the Computer Science Building, room CSG-025, 
University of Limerick (no 7 on http://www.ul.ie/main/places/campus.shtml). 

Bus 308 from Limerick city will take you to no 30 (approx.).
See http://www.ul.ie/main/places/travel.shtml for more on how to get to UL.

We will have access to the sprint facilities from 09:00-19:00 every day (it might
be even later than 19:00). Monday-Wednesday, Friday-Sunday are sprint days,
Thursday is likely a break day.

Food on campus varies in price and quality ;-) : from ca 4 EUR to 7-8 EUR for 
a lunch. There are of course a lot more food alternatives in down town Limerick.

Next Airports
------------------

Shannon Airport (SNN) is the nearest airport (Ryanair flies
there) - you may check out more information about flights
to/from the airport at

    http://www.shannonairport.com/index.html 

There are busses from there to downtown Limerick, and busses
from Limerick to the UL campus. Taxis are about 35 EUR.

Accomodation
-----------------

There is a website address for campus accomodation at 

    http://www.ul.ie/conference/accommodation.htm.  

The rate should be 49 euro for Bed and Breakfast.  If you are interested 
in booking campus accommodation, please contact deborah.tudge at ul ie
and make reference to the PyPy workshop and sprint.  Please try 
to book as soon as possible. 

As an off-campus accommodation alternative you can also try:

Castletroy Lodge and Castletroy Inn (Bed and Breakfast)
Dublin Road (15 to 20 mins walk to UL)
Tel: +353 61 338385 / +353 61 331167

.. _`pypy-sprint mailing list`: http://codespeak.net/mailman/listinfo/pypy-sprint
.. _`people`: people.html 

-- 
  > Touche! But this confirms you are composed of logic gates.
  Crud, I thought those were neurons in there.
                    -- Thomas F. Burdick, Kenny Tilton, comp.lang.lisp


From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Mon Jul 10 10:20:36 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 15:20:36 +0100 (BST)
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <KBB*nIjlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Jim <jhefferon at smcvt.edu> wrote:
>Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
>strings?
>
>I'm thinking of
>  'a b c "d e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d e']
>.  I'd also like
>  'a b c "d \" e"'  --> ['a','b','c','d " e']
>which omits any s.split('"')-based construct that I could come up with.

>>> csv.reader(StringIO.StringIO('a b c "d e"'), delimiter=' ').next()
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd e']

It can't quite do the second one, but:
>>> csv.reader(StringIO.StringIO('a b c "d "" e"'), delimiter=' ').next()
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd " e']
isn't far off.

On the other hand, it's kind of a stupid solution. I'd really go with
shlex as someone suggested up thread.

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Fri Jul 14 18:58:19 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 15:58:19 -0700
Subject: Hard time with installing MySQLdb for Python on Linux
Message-ID: <1152917899.248144.80310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am having hard time with installing MySQLdb on Linux.

My Python version is 2.3. I have downloaded
"MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2.tar.gz" from sourceforge. The README file
asks for MySQL installation. My MySql server is on another box. That is
why I think I should to install just the MySql client (am I right?).

My Linux is "Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES release 4 (Nahant)"

These RPMs are available on the MySql download for "Red Hat
Enterprise Linux 4 RPM (x86) downloads":

Server
Client
Shared libraries
Shared compatibility libraries (3.23, 4.x, 5.x libs in same package)
Headers and libraries
Test suite
Debug information




Which one of above RMPs should I install on my RedHat box to be able to
make "MySQL-python-1.2.1_p2.tar.gz" work?

Any help would be appreciated,
Max



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 13:22:47 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:22:47 +0200
Subject: Multiplatform scripts: Can I avoid os.sep?
In-Reply-To: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b68168$0$17407$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

gmax2006 wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I am developing scripts that must run on both Linux and windows.
> 
> My scripts contain lots of relative paths (such as log\\log.txt or
> ctl\\table.ctl) If I use os.sep, it makes the code ugly. Is there any
> tips or techniques to have Python automatically converts \\ to / when
> the script runs on Linux? What is the best way to deal with this
> situation?

os.path.join('log', 'log.txt')
os.path.join('ctl', 'table.ctl')

Or look for the 'path' module
http://www.jorendorff.com/articles/python/path/

HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 10:52:23 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 09:52:23 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> I actually need numbers much larger than 32 bits.
> 
> What is the max size hex number you need?  What is the application if
> you don't mind my asking?

Well I am under NDA so I cannot tell you what the application is - I need
numbers (dec) with up to 24 digits.

As I said, I went the other way - more data on the line (from dev 1 to dev
2) - but I feel there is no speed issue at this stage.

Seems to work.


Regards,

Philippe



**** PYTHON ******
l2 = [1,2,3,4]
l1 = [0,2,5,9]


def sup (l1, l2): #assume same length
    for i in range(len(l1) ):
        if l1[i] > l2[i]:
            return 1
        if l1[i] < l2[i]:
            return -1
        return 0



def add (l1, l2): #assume same length
    r = []
    idx =  range (len(l1))
    idx.reverse()
    carry = 0
    for i in idx:
        
        if l1[i] + l2[i] > 10:
            carry = 1
            r.insert(0,(l1[i] + l2[i]) % 10)
        else:
            r.insert(0,l1[i] + l2[i] + carry)
            carry = 0
    return r



def sub (l1,l2): #assume same length - sub l1 from l2
    r = []
    idx =  range (len(l1))
    idx.reverse()
    carry = 0
    for i in idx:
        print l1[i] + carry, l2[i]        
        if ((l2[i]) - (l1[i]+carry) < 0) :
            print 'CARRY'
            r.insert(0,(((10 + l2[i])  - (l1[i]+carry))))
            carry = 1
        else:
            r.insert(0,(l2[i]) - (l1[i]+ carry))
            carry = 0
    return r
    

print sub (l1,l2)

***** AND AM JUST TESTING IT IN JAVACARD ******


   //********************************************************************************
    public byte CmpD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2,  byte p_len) {
        byte l_count = (byte)0;
        for (; l_count < p_len; l_count += 1) {
            short C = (short)(p_op1[l_count]);
            short D = (short)(p_op2[l_count]);
            
            if (C > D) return 1;
            if (C < D) return -1;
        }
        
        return 0;
        
    }    
    //********************************************************************************
    public static void SubD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2, byte[] p_dest, byte
p_len) {
        byte l_count = (byte)0;
        byte l_carry = (byte)0;
        for (l_count = (byte)(p_len - (byte)1); l_count >= (byte)0; l_count
-= (byte)1) {
            if ((p_op2[l_count] - (byte)(p_op1[l_count]+l_carry) ) < 0) {
                p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  ((byte)10 + p_op2[l_count]) -
(byte)(p_op1[l_count] + l_carry)) ;
                l_carry = (byte)1;
            }
            else {
                p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  p_op2[l_count] - (byte)(p_op
[l_count] + l_carry)) ;
                l_carry = -(byte)0;
            }
        }
        
    }    
    //********************************************************************************
    public static void AddD(byte[] p_op1, byte[] p_op2, byte[] p_dest, byte
p_len) {
        byte l_count = (byte)0;
        byte l_carry = (byte)0;
        for (l_count = (byte)(p_len - (byte)1); l_count >= (byte)0; l_count
-= (byte)1) {
            if (p_op2[l_count] + (byte)(p_op1[l_count]) > 10) {
                p_dest[l_count] = (byte)( ( p_op2[l_count] + p_op
[l_count] )% 10) ;
                l_carry = (byte)1;
            }
            else {
                p_dest[l_count] = (byte)(  p_op2[l_count] + p_op1[l_count] +
l_carry) ;
                l_carry = -(byte)0;
            }
        }
        
    }       










From ondrej.certik at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 18:04:01 2006
From: ondrej.certik at gmail.com (ondrej.certik at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 15:04:01 -0700
Subject: cas in python
In-Reply-To: <1152133821.573943.141900@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152130300.017691.187140@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152133821.573943.141900@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152137041.377998.30410@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

ginac already has two separate bindings, pyginac and swiginac.
O.

faulkner wrote:
> import ctypes
> ctypes.cdll.find('ginac')
>
> i like designing APIs, and i'm up for learning ctypes, so i'll help
> wrap ginac using ctypes.
>
> ondrej.certik at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hello,
> > from time to time, people here are asking about the computer algebra
> > system (cas) in python. I wonder, is there a demand for such a thing?
> >
> > I would be interested in functionality of at least ginac, but
> > something, which could easily be extended. Ginac (pyginac or swiginac)
> > are fine, but it seems to me to be too complex and contains a lot of
> > redundant code (imho). What I need is not a speed in the first place,
> > but rather rich features and simple code which I (and others) can
> > extend. I would like to experiment with new features, functions, etc.,
> > but using a normal language like python (or c++). Which is quite
> > difficult in ginac or maple/mathematica.
> >
> > I also (like other people here) wrote a proof of concept a year ago:
> >
> > http://ondrej.certik.cz/cas.php
> >
> > and I also (like others) don't have much time to continue on it. On the
> > other hand, it really does seem possible to write it in a way, which is
> > very easy to understand, yet feature rich.
> >
> > So if anyone is interested in developing such a thing, please let me
> > know. Or at least what you think about it - does it make sense to write
> > another cas?
> > 
> > Ondrej



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 03:12:06 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 09:12:06 +0200
Subject: inline metaclasses
References: <1151952177.002598.40850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.03.22.29.39.924743@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7745.1151983064.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.07.12.05.119812@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7745.1151983064.27775.python-list at python.org>, K.S.Sreeram
wrote:

> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>> But why use a metaclass?  If the meta class is only applied to *one*
>> class, can't you do at class level whatever the metaclass is doing!?
> 
> The very fact that you can put a loop inside __metaclass__ may be reason
> enough for a one-off metaclass.

Ah, it's not the loop but the access to the `dict`!  You can write loops
at class level too but I haven't found a way to access `X`s `__dict__`
because `X` does not exist at this point.

> Here's a contrived example:
> 
> class X :
>     def __metaclass__( name, bases, dict ) :
>         for k,v in dict.items() :
>             if k.startswith('get_') :
>                 dict[ k[4:].upper() ] = property( v )
>         return type( name, bases, dict )
> 
>     def get_a( self ) :
>         ...
> 
>     def get_b( self ) :
>         ...
> 
> 
> o = X()
> print o.A
> print o.B

BTW, if that's what gangesmaster is after then it seem to work already. 
Put ``(object)`` after ``X`` and return something, say 'a' and 'b', in the
getters and the example prints 'a' and 'b'.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sat Jul  1 18:02:19 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 08:02:19 +1000
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151786598.514196.232460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151786598.514196.232460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6f0e9@news.eftel.com>

On 2/07/2006 6:43 AM, a wrote:
> if i remove the global
> i get an undefined error!

That's because you have feed_list in one place and feeds_list in 
another. Ditto feed_id and feeds_id. Your code was *already* broken 
before you removed the global(s).

> it was suggested as a solution in this group below

Bruno wrote, in the thread that you quote: "Globals are *evil*. And 
functions modifying globals is the worst possible thing." Is that what 
you call "suggested as a solution"?

> 
> http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/b7b2dcdc3e109f3e?hide_quotes=no#msg_81305eeee43f82c6
> thanks
> Simon Forman wrote:
>> a wrote:
>>> hi simon thanks for your reply
>> You're most welcome
>>
>>
>>> what if i want to do this
>>> 	        feed_list=[]
>>> 		feed_id=[]
>>> 		for ix in feeds_list_select:
>>> 			global feeds_list
>>> 			global feeds_id
>>> 			feeds_list.append(ix.url)
>>> 		       feeds_id.append(ix.id)
>>>
>>> ie not one variable but more variables
>>> thanks
>> in a case like this I would usually reach for the zip() function, with
>> the "varargs" * calling pattern
>>
>> N = [(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in feeds_list_select]
>>
>> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*N)
>>
>>
>> or just
>>
>> feed_list, feed_id = zip(*[(ix.url, ix.id) for ix in
>> feeds_list_select])
>>
>>
>> btw, please note that the global statements in your example are
>> unnecessary..  *totally* unnecessary.  :-D
> 


From eternalsquire at comcast.net  Tue Jul 18 16:43:56 2006
From: eternalsquire at comcast.net (The Eternal Squire)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 13:43:56 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8289.1153220230.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8289.1153220230.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153255436.114521.92170@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hm.... didn't I leave ctypes in there?  I added calldll because it had
a really nice can opener.

The Eternal Squire

skip at pobox.com wrote:
> >> Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
>     >> calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to
>     >> language ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python
>     >> helps keep clients thin :)
>
> Just an FYI, but Python 2.5 comes with ctypes, not calldll.  Might be worth
> switching to remain compatible at that level.
> 
> Skip



From bootiack at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  1 14:44:11 2006
From: bootiack at yahoo.com (gavino)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 11:44:11 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151779451.154552.268710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

list of servers L.txt
#cat L.txt
config file is /var/bkupexec/agent.cfg need to add "tell epobackup" to
bottom of file
# cat "tell epobackup" >> /var/bkupexec/agent.cfg
agent is /etc/init.d/agent.ini stop (and then start)
# /etc/init.d/agent.init stop
# /etc/init.d/agent.init start
os=redhat ent 4ES
I intend to use root password which is same for all 100 servers.
#now I'm stuck

Ravi Teja wrote:
> gavino wrote:
> > This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> > and no one gave an answer.
> > I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
> >  and then the backup agent restarted.
> > If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> > connection is ssh.
> > How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> > adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> > iterate through the 100 servers.
> > What script would allow this?
>
> Try pxssh from pexpect. Look at the sample in the page.
> http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/pxssh.html
> It will allow you to automate ssh interactions.



From mail at timgolden.me.uk  Sun Jul  9 10:52:30 2006
From: mail at timgolden.me.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 15:52:30 +0100
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
Message-ID: <44B1182E.4020402@timgolden.me.uk>

Claudio Grondi wrote:
> I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but 
> as I would like to know the history of past file operations from within 
> a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was into it 
> already and is so kind to share here his experience.
> 
> I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000 
> or XP it is not possible to track file events as:
> 
> - updating/modifying of an existing file/directory	
> - deleting an existing file/directory
> - creating a new file/directory
> - _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the 
> event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)
> 
> Any hints towards enlightenment?
> 
> Claudio Grondi

On the offchance that you haven't seen it, you might
look at this:

http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges

but since it doesn't fulfil your criterion of *not*
representing renames by a delete and an add, it may
well not be suitable. Apart from that, I think it does
what you want.

TJG


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Tue Jul 11 05:13:41 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:43:41 +0530
Subject: Making HTTP requests using Twisted
In-Reply-To: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B36BC5.10009@tachyontech.net>

rzimerman wrote:
> I'm hoping to write a program that will read any number of urls from
> stdin (1 per line), download them, and process them. So far my script
> (below) works well for small numbers of urls. However, it does not
> scale to more than 200 urls or so, because it issues HTTP requests for
> all of the urls simultaneously, and terminates after 25 seconds.
> Ideally, I'd like this script to download at most 50 pages in parallel,
> and to time out if and only if any HTTP request is not answered in 3
> seconds. What changes do I need to make?
> 
> Is Twisted the best library for me to be using? I do like Twisted, but
> it seems more suited to batch mode operations. Is there some way that I
> could continue registering url requests while the reactor is running?
> Is there a way to specify a time out per page request, rather than for
> a batch of pages requests?

Have a look at pyCurl. (http://pycurl.sourceforge.net)

Regards
Sreeram


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From brad at stop.mail-abuse.org  Thu Jul  6 13:56:41 2006
From: brad at stop.mail-abuse.org (Brad Knowles)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:56:41 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <0163A9DF-2CEB-48BE-B301-B9F760E14A50@python.org>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>
	<0163A9DF-2CEB-48BE-B301-B9F760E14A50@python.org>
Message-ID: <33514.72.177.126.107.1152208601.squirrel@mail.his.com>

Barry said:

> We should certainly do everything we can to make sure that Richard's
> ht:dig solution is nearly trivial to integrate, but I'm not sure we
> should distribute it with Mailman.

Sorry, I guess I wasn't clear -- I just meant for him to look at both
Python and non-Python solutions, before deciding what was going to be done
and how.

I wasn't advocating the incorporation of ht:dig itself into the stuff we
ship.  At least, I didn't mean for it to come off that way.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad at stop.mail-abuse.org>

"Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little
temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."

     -- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), reply of the Pennsylvania
     Assembly to the Governor, November 11, 1755

  LOPSA member since December 2005.  See <http://www.lopsa.org/>.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 23:28:05 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 20:28:05 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <1153798085.574118.214000@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I just started learning Python. I went through most of the tutorial at
> python.org. But I noticed something weird. I'm not talking about the
> __private hack.
>
> Let's say the class is defined as:
>
>   class MyClass:
>     def __init__(self):
>       pass
>     def func(self):
>       return 123
>
> But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
>
>   x = MyClass()
>   x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456

Uh-huh. Could result from a typo. Found in testing. pychecker and/or
pylint may help here. Use __slots__ if this bothers you.

>
> or even:
>
>   x.func = 789
>
> After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.

So is the developer :-)

>
> Are these bugs or features? If they are features, don't they create
> problems as the project gets larger?
>

Features. They don't *create* problems by themselves. If a project
already has  problems (like they hire idiots, and don't have
appropriate review and testing), then yeah things can blow up because
of some language features being mis-used -- this applies to any
language. Further, there are lots more reasons why projects blow up,
few of them related to a couple of features of the development
language.

Another way of looking at it: languages can't tell who's using them. If
they constrain idiots, they also constrain non-idiots.

Cheers,
John



From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Sun Jul 23 10:11:37 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 07:11:37 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
In-Reply-To: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153663897.044189.264360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
>
> For my application, I would like to execute an SQL query like this:
> self.dbCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist, idalbum,
> path) VALUES ('%s', %s, %s, %s, '%s')" % (track, nbr, idartist,
> idalbum, path))
No, I'll bet that you'd like to run something like
  self.dcCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist,
idalbum,path) VALUES (%(track)s, %(nbr)s,
%(idartist)s,%(idalbum)s,'%(path)s')",
{'track':track,'nbr':nbr,'idartist':idartist,'idalbum':idalbum,'path':path})
(only without my typos).  That's an improvment for a number of reasons,
one of which is that the system will quote for you, for instance in
idartist="John's Beer" changing the single quote to two single quotes
to suit SQL.
> Every time I execute this, I get an exception like
> this:
>
> UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xa1 in position
> 64: ordinal not in range(128)
>
> I tried to encode the different variables in many different encodings
> (latin1), but I always get an exception. Where does this ascii codec
> error comes from? How can I simply build this query string?
Some more information may help: is the error returned before or during
the execute call?  If before, then the execute() call is a distraction.
 If during, then what is your dB, what is it's encoding (is the dB
using latin1, or does the dB only accept ascii?), and what are you
using to connect to it?

Jim



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 31 18:18:01 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 00:18:01 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154380028.635992.300770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<mailman.8754.1154379557.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154380028.635992.300770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4j7dsrF6krbvU1@uni-berlin.de>

northband schrieb:
> So seems the best approach would be a MVC model rather than server
> scripting?  Currently our site is built with a closed source hypertext
> preprocessor much like PHP.  So it would be easier for us to script
> another site, but if we would gain performance via a MVC model, then
> that's what we need.

MVC and server side scripting are two totally orthogonal things - you 
don't do the one and ditch the other as a consequence of that.

MVC is a pattern of software design. It won't affect the performance 
itself, at least not the system performance. It most probably will boost 
your developing performance, as following the clear separation of data 
(model), application logic (controller) and view-logic (view) will help 
maintaining the codebase and make changes easier.

And MVC doesn't depend on the language used - you can even do that in 
PHP, albeit it makes things much more dependent on discipline.

Diez


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 19:22:34 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 16:22:34 -0700
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
In-Reply-To: <8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154301754.089698.52050@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 27 Jul 2006 22:26:25 -0700, "placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> declaimed the
> following in comp.lang.python:
>
> >
> > readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use
> > read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected
> > functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its
> > not constant so i cant use this too.
> >
> > Any ideas of solving this problem?
> >
> 	Use a thread that reads one character at a time; when it sees
> whatever signals "end of line" (it sounds like you're reading a progress
> bar implemented via <cr>overwrite). Combine the characters into a
> string, return the string to the main program via a queue.
>

Yes it is a progress bar implemented via <cr> overwrite. I will try
this.

> 	If there is no such "end of line" character, but there IS a
> noticeable delay between "writes", a more complex method might suffice
> -- in which one thread does the byte reads, setting a time value on each
> read; a related thread then does a sleep() loop, checking the "last read
> time" against the pause length -- if close enough to the pause duration,
> combine and return...

i dont think there is a noticeable delay between "writes".


> 	Alternatively, take a good old style terminal keyboard (a VT100
> Tempest-rated model should be ideal), and use it to beat Bill Gates over
> the head until he agrees to push a high-priority upgrade to the command
> line I/O system... or makes files work with select() (so you can combine
> the time-out with the byte read)

;)      Tsk Tsk



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 17:47:36 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 16:47:36 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> 
> Such as what?
> 
>>
>> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> python library.
>>
>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> 
> Does it??? How do you represent the decimal number 12349678, then?
> 
>> l2 = func (l1)
>> # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>>
> 
> I'm sorry, but very little of that makes any sense to me:
> 
> 1. I thought BCD meant something very much like this:
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal
> 
> 2. >>> [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> [1, 2, 13, 6, 8, 7]
> 
> So [1], [2], [6] are unchanged, [3, 4] -> [13] (or maybe [3, 4, 5] ->
> 13),  and [7, 8] -> [8,7].
> 
> I doubt very much that there's an algorithm to do that. What is the
> relationship between 1234(maybe 5)678 and 0x12D687??? I would expect
> something like this::
> 
>     0x12345678 (stored in 4 bytes 0x12, ..., 0x78)  -- or 0x21436587
> or
>     0x012345678s (where s is a "sign" nibble; stored in 5 bytes 0x01,
> ..., 0x8s)
> 
> IOW something regular and explicable ...
> 
> 3. Perhaps it might be a good idea if you told us what the *real*
> problem is, including *exact* quotes from the manual for the embedded
> system. You evidently need/want to convert from one representation of
> signed? unsigned? integers to another. Once we all understand *what*
> those representations are, *then* we can undoubtedly help you with
> pseudocode in the form of Python code manipulating lists or whatever.
> 
> Cheers,
> John


Hi,

>From my answer to Marc:

>My apologies, I clearly made a mistake with my calculator, yes the
>resulting
>array I would need is [0xb,0xc,0x6,0x1,0x4,0xe]



Philippe


From jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk  Wed Jul  5 13:48:36 2006
From: jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk (Jon Ribbens)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 17:48:36 GMT
Subject: Fork You..  Forking and threading..
References: <1152120097.590691.202400@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneanurk.8r8.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>

In article <1152120097.590691.202400 at b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, rh0dium wrote:
>     if os.fork() == 0:
>         os.setsid
>         sys.stdout = open("/dev/null", 'w')
>         sys.stdin = open("/dev/null", 'r')

I don't know if it's the cause of your problem, but you're not doing
the backgrounding right, it should be:

  if os.fork():
    os._exit(0)
  os.setsid()
  os.chdir("/")
  fd = os.open("/dev/null", os.O_RDWR)
  os.dup2(fd, 0)
  os.dup2(fd, 1)
  os.dup2(fd, 2)
  if fd > 2:
    os.close(fd)
  # do stuff


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 07:48:12 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:48:12 +0200
Subject: help in xml and python
In-Reply-To: <4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4hmpgvFau9fU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44b632fd$0$6679$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> Or use PayPal and pay one of the guys here - my hourly fee is 50?, and
> less than one hour work can't be booked.

He!

Don't tell people in public that you're working at 50?/hour! That's gonna
destruct the market. It's better if they believe there's nothing below 80?,
then they're more likely to ask for the people who know their real value.

Stefan


From http  Mon Jul 24 06:17:38 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:17:38 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7x1wsbi9x9.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Mir Nazim" <mirnazim at gmail.com> writes:
> Now I ahave a lits with 1060 lists in it. Now comes the hard part.
> How many possible distinct ways are there to arrange 1060 elements
> taken 96 at a time
> 
> 1060! / (1060 - 96)!

More than you want to think about:

    import math

    def logf(n):
        """return base-10 logarithm of (n factorial)"""
        f = 0.0 
        for x in xrange(1,n+1):
            f += math.log(x, 10)
        return f

    print logf(1060) - logf(1060 - 96)

Of course there are other ways you can calculate it, e.g.

   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirlings_approximation


From bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:22:13 2006
From: bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:22:13 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <44c86743$0$11707$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153947609.975961.35940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c86743$0$11707$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154024533.683746.263990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Which conversion ? How do you get the data ? as a datetime object ? as a
> (y,m,d) tuple ? as a "y-m-d" string ? Else ?

All input routines, whether they're from a web-form, database, command
line, or anywhere else, only produce objects from the datetime module
for calendar data. That way the program logic doesn't have to guess
which format it's getting... I suppose I could do something like:

   def age(born):
        mx_born = mx.DateTime.Date(born.year, born.month, born.day)
        ...

-- bjorn



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 11:24:48 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 01:24:48 +1000
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152453983.831402.233990@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.15.24.47.778695@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 07:06:25 -0700, Jim Lewis wrote:

>> How about you post the complete stack trace of the exception?
> 
> Exception in Tkinter callback
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "C:\program files\python\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345, in
> __call__
>     return self.func(*args)
>   File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1832, in BtnGo
>     DoBtnGo()
>   File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1812, in DoBtnGo
>     if DoPickle: SavePickle ()
>   File "C:\Public\world.py", line 1817, in SavePickle
>     pickle.dump (pop,f)

I'd suggest that "pop" could be your culprit. At least, that's where I'd
start looking. What is pop? A function or an instance method?

I can't reproduce your error exactly -- the closest I get is "TypeError:
can't pickle function objects" when I try to pickle a method. Possibly
that's just a change in error message, which is not guaranteed to be
constant across Python versions.

-- 
Steven.



From zarrg at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 12:01:54 2006
From: zarrg at hotmail.com (zarrg at hotmail.com)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 09:01:54 -0700
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152806514.545174.321220@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sanjay wrote:
> Probably a newcomer question, but I could not find a solution.
>
> I am trying to have some singleton global objects like "database
> connection" or "session" shared application wide.
>
> Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
> object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
> created a new object, as I tried.

Try the "borg" pattern:
  http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66531
It's very simple and does what you need.  Don't be put off by comments
that "it's not a *real* singleton".

Or, use a module-level object, e.g.:

----db.py----
class db_conn:
   def __init__(self, dbname, dbhost):
      self.conn = whatever(dbname, dbhost)

conn = db_conn('mydb", "myhost")

----app.py----
import db
...
cur = db.conn.cursor()
cur.execute("select lkjlkj")

Repeated imports of db by various modules in an application
do *not* rerun the code in db.py .

-- George



From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Wed Jul 12 21:29:37 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 18:29:37 -0700
Subject: statistical analysis tools in python?
Message-ID: <1152754177.889845.133820@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Sorry if this is a FAQ, but I couldn't find a good summary through
google.  What kinds of statistical analysis tools exist in python?  I
really just need t-tests, chi-squared test, and other such tests of
statistical significance.  A few things point to numpy and scipy, but I
was surprised to find the documentation for numpy is not freely
available, and I thought it would be wise to ask here before I download
it and start hunting through the source code for what I want.  Is numpy
the best option for my simple needs?  Also I was a little surprised to
find nothing in the builtin python modules that can find standard
deviation, quartiles, etc.  Is this for any particular reason, or
perhaps no one has shown any interest?  I'd be willing to work on a
project to make simple single-variable analysis part of the builtin
python distribution.

Thanks all,

THN



From robin at reportlab.com  Thu Jul 20 12:04:45 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:04:45 +0100
Subject: strange error when importing a module
Message-ID: <44BFA99D.5090101@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

I'm trying to understand the following strangeness

C:\code\rlextra\ers>python
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> from rlextra.utils.SimpleXMLRPCServer import SimpleXMLRPCServer
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
   File "c:\code\rlextra\utils\SimpleXMLRPCServer.py", line 148, in ?
     import pydoc
   File "C:\Python\lib\pydoc.py", line 54, in ?
     import sys, imp, os, re, types, inspect, __builtin__
   File "C:\Python\lib\inspect.py", line 31, in ?
     import sys, os, types, string, re, dis, imp, tokenize, linecache
   File "C:\Python\lib\tokenize.py", line 38, in ?
     COMMENT = N_TOKENS
NameError: name 'N_TOKENS' is not defined

SimpleXMLRPCServer.py is a legacy version of the current SimpleXMLRPCserver 
code. I don't think there's anything special about it and as a standalone script 
it appears to work fine (ie it seems to compile and run).

Any ideas?
-- 
Robin Becker



From claudio.zambaldi at web.de  Wed Jul 12 09:03:03 2006
From: claudio.zambaldi at web.de (cz)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 06:03:03 -0700
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
In-Reply-To: <44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> The list above is not a valid Python list. What is it that you store in that list?
>
> Or is it maybe a dictionary?
>
> Stefan

Thanks for your help. How can I find out about what this is? As I said
it's generated by a insufficiently documented module. So if this is a
user defined datatype, is there still a possibility to find the name of
the data fields storing the xx, xy, ... ?
Thanks.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 28 14:20:52 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:20:52 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-28, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 27 Jul 2006 18:09:37 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> 
>> It is irrelevant because the word "variable" is used in a lot of
>> different languages. A lot of them with behaviour closer to python
>> than to C. The difference between C variables and Python bindings
>> is only relevant if it can give you an argument for why we shouldn't
>> use "variable" when discussing python.
>>
> 	Typically, "variable" implies a data storage location that can take
> on different values. Emphasis on "location" -- the name is fixed to a
> memory location whose contents can be varied.

That is not true. It may be the case in a number of languages but
my experience with lisp and smalltalk, though rather limited,
says that no such memory location is implied with the word "variable"
in those languages and AFAIK they don't have a problem with the
word "variable" either.

> In Python, the closest
> would be a mutable object.

> 	Python names are not fixed to a location.

Neither are smalltalk and lisp variables. Neither are C-variables
local to functions.

> One can actually delete
> the name at runtime and NOT have the object deleted.

How important is this? Should we remove the del statement from
python would it make such a big difference that you would then
think the term "variable" was more appropiate? 

>> I'll be more clearer: If someone wants to extend python with
>> a kind of static typing, where you could limit names binding only
>> to objects of a certain number of classes, it wouldn't essentially
>> change what could be done with names in python, but the names would now
>> hold type information too. So whether a name carries type information
>> or not, has little relevance to whether the term "variable" is appropiate
>> or not.
>>
> 	And what happens if you do a "del name1" followed by some binding to
> name1? Will the restriction of name1 to a limited class of objects be an
> executable statement (a la def)? If so, how would you handle:
>
> dec name1(object1)
>
> def x():
> 	# do something using global scoped name1
> 	#expecting an object1 inference?
>
> del name1
> dec name1(object2)
>
> x()	#invoke x when name1 has object2 aspects
>
> 	If you forbid the "del name1", you have just violated your wouldn't
> essentially change" statement. If you permit del and an executable
> typing statement, you've just lost your "static typing"

1) I think that is unimportant. Maybe "static typing" was not the right
wording. One argument against the use of the term "variable" in python
was that unlike C, there was no type information associated with a name.
My hypothetical extention to Python would be a very python-like language
where type information was associated with a name. Now if you want to
call this specific type extention, static or something else is IMO
not important. The point is that what one can do with variable is
hardly affected by this characteristic of names being associated
with type information or not.

Beside, Lisp and smalltalk variables don't have type information
associated with names either.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 10 03:39:12 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:39:12 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneavvo7.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<b800b21h4vlbhpiqri9didndne4p6dgk49@4ax.com>
	<slrneb2aau.r05.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2ac7iobrg.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneb4110.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

This is probably my last response to you in this thread. My impression
is that for the moment nothing productive can come from this exchange.
I have the feeling that you are not reading so much with the interntion
of understanding what I want to say, but with the intention of
confirming your suspition that I just don't have a clue.

It seems this is turing into some competition where I have
somehow to defend my understanding of python an you trying to
show how little I really understand. Since I don't feel the
need to prove myself here, I will simply bow out.

On 2006-07-09, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> When someone gets confused over the difference between rebinding or
>>AP> mutating a variable on an intermediate scope, the explanation he
>>AP> mostly seems to get boils down to: one is rebinding, the other is
>>AP> mutation, this is a fundametal difference in python.
>
>>AP> My impression is that they seem to say that the fundamental difference
>>AP> between mutation and rebinding implies the specific behaviour python
>>AP> has now. IMO this explanation is incomplete. The python developers
>>AP> could have chosen that a line like 'c.a = ...' would have resulted
>>AP> in c being included in the local scope. Then rebinding and mutation
>>AP> would still be fundamentally different from each other but the specific
>>AP> confusion over why 'k[0] = ...' worked as expeced but 'k = ...' didn't,
>>AP> will disappear.
>
> That seems nonsense to me. If they had chosen that 'c.a = ...' would imply
> that c would become a local variable, what would the value of c have to be
> then, if there was no prior direct assignment to c?

I'm sorry to see you missed it, but since I had answered this already in
this thread I saw at the moment no need to repeat it: There would be no
value for c, the line would raise an UnboundLocalError.

I also don't understand why you take the trouble of attacking this
possibility. It's wasn't presented as a suggestion for changing python.
It was used as an illustration of why I think some explanation needs
to be worked out more. So even if this turns out to be the worst
possible that could ever happen to python, unless you think people
needing the original explanation will grasp the implication of this
possibility immediately, the point I wanted to illustrate seems to
stand.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 23:18:01 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 20:18:01 -0700
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute,
	seconds string to integer
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153970281.791627.296400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

google0 at lazytwinacres.net wrote:
> I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
> searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
> reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
> open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
> "hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
> converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
> something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
> perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
> Thanks,
>     --dang
> p.s.
> In case this looks like I'm asking for a homework exercise, here's what
> I'm using now.  It returns False or raises a ValueError exception for
> invalid inputs.  I'm just wondering if there's an already-published
> version.
> def dms2int(dms):
>     """Accepts an 8-character string of three two-digit numbers,
> separated by exactly one non-numeric character, and converts it
> to an integer, representing the number of seconds.  Think of
> degree, minute, second notation, or time marked in hours,
> minutes, and seconds (HH:MM:SS)."""
>     return (
>             len(dms) == 8
>         and 00 <= int(dms[0:2]) < 24
>         and dms[2] not in '0123456789'
>         and 00 <= int(dms[3:5]) < 60
>         and dms[5] not in '0123456789'
>         and 00 <= int(dms[6:8]) < 60
>         and int(dms[6:8]) + 60 * (int(dms[3:5]) + 60 * int(dms[0:2]))
>         )

Have you considered time.strptime()?

BTW, your function, given "00:00:00" will return 0 -- you may well have
trouble distinguishing that from False (note that False == 0), without
resorting to ugliness like:

    if result is False ...

Instead of returning False for some errors and letting int() raise an
exception for others, I would suggest raising ValueError yourself for
*all* invalid input.

You may wish to put more restrictions on the separators ... I would be
suspicious of cases where dms[2] != dms[5]. What plausible separators
are there besides ":"? Why allow alphabetics? If there's a use case for
"23h59m59s", that would have to be handled separately. Note that
"06-12-31" could be a date, "12,34,56" could be CSV data.

Cheers,
John



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Wed Jul 19 10:12:47 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:12:47 +0200
Subject: Project organisation
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>

Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py

What would be the best way to organise this

1.
c --\project1\*.py
  |
  |-\project2\*.py
  |
  --\globals\util.py

This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
it still works (that could be project 1..n). 

2.
A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
clutered, having n versions of util.py.

What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?

Rony



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 08:31:48 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:31:48 +0200
Subject: ctypes wrapping libpam.so on FreeBSD 6.1 - Python Bus Error
References: <44b6397c$0$31638$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>
Message-ID: <e95eff$e3a$1@sea.gmane.org>

Martin P. Hellwig wrote:

> I'd like to wrap libpam so that I can use that for authentication and
> password management. I build ctypes (0.9.9.6) on my platform via ports.
>
> Now according to OpenPAM documentation all sessions start with pam_start().
> According to the man page it should contain this:
> pam_start(const char *service, const char *user,
> const struct pam_conv *pam_conv, pam_handle_t **pamh)
>
> Where service in my case should be 'auth' and user 'martin' with
> pam_conv being 'PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON' for testing purposes (at least I
> assumed it works this way, but probably I'm doing something wrong,
> though I don't know what the correct way should be like).
> >>> from ctypes import *
> >>> libpam = cdll.LoadLibrary('/usr/lib/libpam.so')
> >>> libpam.pam_start('auth','martin','PAM_PROMPT_ECHO_ON')

passing in a string where the function expects a "struct pam_conv" (i.e. a custom data
structure) is probably not a very good idea...  (look up "structures" in the ctypes manual
for more info on how to handle this)

</F> 





From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 14:04:43 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 19:04:43 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c796fb$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <z0jjmvvsnm7y.1fat4mdbd5z02.dlg@40tude.net>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:23:22 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>>>Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?
>> ?
> 
> I mean : write a parser and interpreter for a DSL. In Ruby.

I see. Nope. I do not like code generators. In this sense every template
system is DSL. E.g. Smarty Templates for PHP. You can create "external DSL"
even in C or assembler. This is not the point. The point is Ruby is much
better suited to create internal DSL than Python or PHP.

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From deusfaber at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 16:44:57 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:44:57 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153169097.908319.210440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

So, how would I access /dev/input/ devices?
Can I just 'cat' them or read in those files?


Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> skip at pobox.com schrieb:
> >     Diez> You could use the /dev/input/event* devices.
> >
> > On the only Linux system I have available (Mojam's CentOS-based web server),
> > /dev/input/* are readable only by root.  That doesn't seem like it would be
> > very useful to tools like watch unless they were to run suid to root
> > (creating other problems).
>
> You don't need to give it root access. A simple rule for the udev that
> looks like this:
>
> KERNEL=="event[0-9]*",		NAME="input/%k", MODE="0444"
>
>
> will make the devices world readable. While I haven't thought about any
> security implications that might have (and am not especially
> knowledgeable in such things to be honest), I'm convinced it is way less
> likely to introduce any exploitable holes than suid root would.
> 
> Diez



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Wed Jul 26 18:55:50 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 15:55:50 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153954550.520644.15100@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:20:44 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

[Quoting JZ...]

> >> Ruby
> >> has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
> >> attributes,
> >
> > This is not "security", this is data-hiding.
>
> No. Data hiding are in Python. Ruby uses security similiar to Java. If the
> class has method marked as private it cannot be used in children classes.

Can you please stop using the term security in a vague way whilst
pointing the finger at Java? Sure, Python doesn't really have the
"security" you refer to, apart from elementary protection using
name-mangling (which is mostly good enough) for double-underscore
attributes, but mentioning "Java" and "security" in the same sentence
whilst only really referring to private/protected/public/final is
misleading: Java has an entire spectrum of security features that are
found neither in Python nor Ruby.

[...]

> Python has no security at all. I has only convention and mangling. Of
> course somebode can say, it is enough, and maybe it is. But I think, that
> this might be another reason why Java guys prefer Ruby to Python.

Whatever "no security" means, and I ask you to choose your terminology
more carefully, both Ruby and Python have some way to go before
supporting most of Java's more useful security features. Certainly, the
Java guys can't be flocking to Ruby specifically because it lacks
bytecode verification and a fairly mature sandboxing mechanism.

Paul



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:29:40 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:29:40 -0700
Subject: Using super()
In-Reply-To: <44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1153337380.850190.276550@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Pupeno wrote:
> I see, thank you.
>
> class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
>     def add_section(self, section)
>          super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
>
> seems to work and as expected. Is there anything wrong with it ?

Wow.

I highly recommend not doing this, unless the new type system was
designed to allow this sort of mixing, which I highly doubt.  There are
some significant under-the-cover differences between old- and new-style
classes that could mess everything up when trying to mix them.


Carl Banks



From lrotger at aircomp.aero  Mon Jul  3 11:23:22 2006
From: lrotger at aircomp.aero (lrotger)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 17:23:22 +0200
Subject: email.Message.get_payload() surprising behavior
Message-ID: <44A9366A.8080805@aircomp.aero>

The behavior of get_payload() is different when the quoted-printable 
text has \n line endings or \r\n line endings. If it's \n and the last 
byte of a line in that file is 0x0D it confuses them for a \r\n line 
ending and strips both bytes.

This behavior does not occur if the same file has \r\n line endings 
because the confusing line will end in \r\r\n; then \r\n will be 
correctly stripped, leaving a \r at the end of a line, as it should.

More graphically:

Quoted-printable encoded file with \n newlines:
'Byte number 13 is =0D\n' <--- get_payload(decode = True) will strip the 
last 0x0D byte, leaving a short by 1 file.

Quoted-printable encoded file with \r\n newlines:
'Byte number 13 is =0D\r\n' <--- get_payload(decode = True) will leave 
the 0x0D byte in the file.

I think this is a bug? This has bitten me in a script run from procmail; 
postfix hands \n line endings and the bug happens about once in four 
months, I can work around it substituting \n with \r\n ensuring that the 
\r that are part of the file and happen to be in the last position of a 
line will never be stripped but this is unelegant.

Thanks
Lucia


From antroy at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 09:12:23 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 06:12:23 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152537143.182891.109160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


mystilleef wrote:
> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
> code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
> attribute and move on.

You could, but then you'd be left with crap names for your accessors!
In your equivalent Java code, you'd typically have used the accessors
in several places throughout the code (or else why bother using them?),
so you wouldn't be any better off!

The main benefit for having accessors in Java is not that you can
change the *name* of an attribute, but that you can change the
implementation of the attribute - i.e. change the what actually happens
to  when the accessor is called. Which you can do in Python with
properties.



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul 16 04:31:45 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 20:31:45 +1200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8222.1153034192.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9ctg9$6ar$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <mailman.8222.1153034192.27775.python-list at python.org>, Fredrik
Lundh wrote:

> Bill Pursell wrote:
> 
>> Some might argue that this is not really doing
>> it in Python.  In fact, I would argue that!  But if
>> you're at a command prompt and you want to
>> see line 7358, it's much easier to type
>> % sed -n 7358p
>> than it is to write the python one-liner.
> 
> 'sed' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
> operable program or batch file.

You're not using Windows, are you?


From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Tue Jul  4 05:34:03 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 04:34:03 -0500
Subject: "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Mind - Part
	One - Basic Architecture and Cognitive	Structure"
In-Reply-To: <1151991160.471030.90310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151991160.471030.90310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AA360B.5010207@anansispaceworks.com>

tommak wrote:
>  This book, "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Mind
>  - Part One - Basic Architecture and Cognitive Structure" introduces a
>  basic artificial mind architecture and computational model for
>  cognitive processing. Based on the architecture and the
>  computational model, one can develop his own model of artificial mind
>  according to his own specific requirements. Visit this page to
>  download a free evaluation copy of the book:

I figured this would just be a rather crackpot* theory which could
nevertheless be evaluated on the merits and be worth a look, but
I think it's actually a 'phish'.  Sigh. Too bad.  I like reading crackpot
AI theories now and then.

Cheers,
Terry

*By which I really just mean an "unreviewed crackpot theory",
since, with the state of the art being what it is, pretty much ALL
AI theories are "crackpot" ;-)
-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 09:43:02 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 10:43:02 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <dftn34wid50o$.tegh4yb9gio8$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-13 06:03:40, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> [...] the underscore way to mark private entities. Maybe this doesn't
>> work as I think it does
> 
> If you think that single leading underscores have a special meaning for
> the compiler/interpreter, then you got it wrong. It's a convention. Like
> using ALL_CAPS for pseudo-constants. Nothing prevents you from accessing
> implementation or modifying "constants" - but then you're on your own
> and must not complain when something breaks.

I really did get that wrong. But this makes actually more sense,
considering the bigger picture (or what I saw from it, so far). 

Thanks, 
Gerhard



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 11:59:32 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 08:59:32 -0700
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <44b66218$0$5505$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66218$0$5505$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152806372.588869.306030@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi Bruno,

Thanks a lot for the reply. In order to post here, I wrote a very
simple program now, and it seems working! I can diagnose the original
problem now. There might be some other problem.

Pardon me if I am too novice but I could not make out the meaning of
this phrase from your reply:

"(at the module's to level)"

Thanks
Sanjay
------------------------------------------------------------------
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Sanjay wrote:
> > Probably a newcomer question, but I could not find a solution.
> >
> > I am trying to have some singleton global objects like "database
> > connection" or "session" shared application wide.
>
> Whenever possible, dont. If you really have no other way out, create the
> 'singleton' in it's module (at the module's to level), then import the
> module.
>
> > Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
> > object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
> > created a new object, as I tried.
>
> I'd like to know what you actually tried.
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From nick at craig-wood.com  Wed Jul 26 01:32:28 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 00:32:28 -0500
Subject: Tkinter and exceptions
Message-ID: <slrnecd3ne.isc.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

I'm just starting out with Tkinter programming (using Programming
Python as a reference), and I couldn't find the answer to this
anywhere...

How do you catch general exceptions in a Tkinter program.  If you run
the below and click the "Exception" or "Callback Exception" buttons
you see a traceback on stderr under unix, and nothing at all under
windows (if run as a pyw).

How so you catch those exceptions so that they can pop up in a dialog?
There doesn't seem to be a hook. I was imagining that there would be a
global error handler I could hook / override?

from Tkinter import *

class AppDemo(Frame):
    """A sample tk app"""

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
        self.make_tool_bar()
        self.master.title("A Title")
        self.bang = 0
        self.process()

    def process(self):
        self.after(1000, self.process)
        if self.bang:
            self.bang = 0
            raise ValueError("Callback Exception")
        
    def make_tool_bar(self):
        self.toolbar = Frame(self, cursor='hand2', relief=SUNKEN, bd=2)
        self.toolbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
        Button(self.toolbar, text='Exception', command=self.make_exception).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        Button(self.toolbar, text='Callback Exception', command=self.make_callback_exception).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)
        Button(self.toolbar, text='Quit', command=self.quit).pack(side=TOP, fill=X)

    def make_exception(self):
        raise ValueError("Exception")

    def make_callback_exception(self):
        self.bang = 1

if __name__ == "__main__":
    AppDemo().mainloop()

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From wmoranski at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 06:54:31 2006
From: wmoranski at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-2?q?Wojciech_Mora=F1ski?=)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 03:54:31 -0700
Subject: Python Data Explorer
Message-ID: <1153047271.902068.257780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Does anybody know some GUI (preferably QT) application  which can be
use to explore pickled python objects? Similar functionality has a
PyDev Debugger in Eclipse, but I would like to have a standalone
application. I know that it is not hard to write it, but I don't want
to again invent a wheel ;o)
Thanks for any help



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 23 05:01:45 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 09:01:45 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<i102c2hvd778b77pm18ri2n7eo4nlo89ru@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec6enp.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 21 Jul 2006 12:00:43 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> So we have code with certain shudder characteristics. And instead
>> of trying to help the OP with his problem, some people react
>> to the shudder and come with all sort of comments that might be
>> true if the code as shown was production code, but which totally
>> miss the point the code was illustrating and thus aren't much
>> helpfull.
>
> 	You miss one factor -- the specification of what the code sample is
> supposed to handle. Showing a sample of code which may reproduce an
> apparent problem, without stating /all/ the requirements of the
> data/process, leaves the reviewer in the state of assuming all the
> conditions are explicit in the code.

No that leaves the reviewer in the state of assuming all *relevant*
conditions are explicit in the code.

> And in the case of your sample --
> that just isn't true. The try/except block is too general, and seems to
> imply that the exception might be raised in either (or both) foo() or
> bar()

Which in this case is totally irrelevant. The try/except block
was not part of the code that would have been posetd to the
newsgroup.

> -- it is not clear that the try/except is being used to detect an
> unstated exit condition requirement.

Again irrelevant. This was an example where someone had trouble
with his code (the try/except statement) which he would then
reduce to a minimal piece of code that would still show the 
trouble some behaviour (Just the then part of an if statement)
which he would then post to the list.

All trouble with the so called original code is totally irrelevant
to the point I was trying to make and the more you try to critisize
it the more you are an illustration of the point I am trying to make.

This remark was just under that example code in my originle
article:

  This code makes the distinction between the three possibilities,
  whether it is a good way or not I won't discuss, this is just
  meant as an illustration. 

What didn't you understand about the code just meant to be an
illustration.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it  Sat Jul  1 03:30:36 2006
From: michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it (Michele Petrazzo)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 07:30:36 GMT
Subject: string replace
In-Reply-To: <1151693754.233027.320530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1aapg.21924$_J1.275201@twister2.libero.it>
	<1151693754.233027.320530@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <wwppg.22810$zy5.470835@twister1.libero.it>

johnzenger at gmail.com wrote:
> Check out the .translate method and the string.maketrans documentation.
>  You can use it to delete a list of characters all in one line:
> 

Yes. This is, more or less, what I were looking for.

P.s. Sure, if replace could accept a tuple... :)

Thanks to all,
Michele


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 18:08:44 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:08:44 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
>   
>> Alright, so manually running builds is going to be crazy and
>> unmanageable.  So what the people who came before me did to manage
>> this scenario was to fork on thread per build.  The threads invoke a
>> series of calls that look like
>>
>> os.system(ssh <host> <command>)
>>     
>
> Instead of using os.system, maybe you want to use one of the popens or
> the subprocess module.  For each ssh, you'd spawn off a process that
> does the ssh and communicates back to the control process through a
> set of file descriptors (Unix pipe endpoints or whatever).  The
> control process could use either threads or polling/select to talk to
> the pipes and keep track of what the subprocesses were doing.
>
> I don't think you need anything as complex as shared memory for this.
> You're just writing a special purpose chat server.
>   
Sorry for sounding naive, but how is writing a chat server less complex 
then letting python handle shared memory while I manage a couple of 
locks?  Also, threading's condition and event constructs are used a lot 
(i talk about it somewhere in that thing I wrote).  They are easy to use 
and nice and ready for me, with a server wouldn't I have to have things 
poll/wait for messages?

-c

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From brochu121 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:33:27 2006
From: brochu121 at gmail.com (david brochu jr)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:33:27 -0400
Subject: Automate Mozilla Firefox
Message-ID: <9583ed900607261333p62800509w17f042f9ccd2e9c8@mail.gmail.com>

 want to take a text file (which has a list of urls) and have my script go
through them 1 by one using Firefox.
So for instance, if the first two urls in my list were:
www.google.com
www.amazon.com

I would want to spawn firefox and load www.google.com. Once google loads, I
would like to kill Firefox and restart it, this time with
www.amazon.com loaded.
I am basically running a stress test on a browser based product.

I have been able to do this in IE with no problems (Calling IE's COM
object).I also have used the PAMIE module without a problem in IE. The
problem is Firefox uses XPCOM and I have never worked with XPCOM, and thus
havent worked with PyXPCOM before. Any insight will help.

FYI: I did try writing a script which loads firefox from the command line
and navigates to a site, but once I try to kill Firefox and move to the next
url nothing happens:

import os
import time

file = open("C:\urls.txt")

for x in file:

   firefox = "C:\progra~1\mozill~1\firefox.exe "
   firefox = firefox + x
   os.system(firefox)
   time.sleep(10)
   taskkill = "taskkill /f /im firefox.exe"
   os.system(taskkill)

file.close ()
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From moqtar at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 01:02:26 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 22:02:26 -0700
Subject: Need help in xml
In-Reply-To: <5pu4b2tbekfpt2cg4q0j4cv37teo7vhick@4ax.com>
References: <1152533800.561364.129700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<5pu4b2tbekfpt2cg4q0j4cv37teo7vhick@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152680546.593522.11650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Thanx Dennis Lee Bieber for ur suggestion.


After following ur suggestion i am getting 3 list after reading and
comparing the 2 xml document.
           <directory>+<filename>,<modified time>
adds ['/home/moq/buc/2+add.py,200606281354\r \n',
                  '/home/moq/buc/1+add.py,200607031215\r \n']

Modified  ['/home/moq/buc/2+mod2.py,200607111031\r \n',
                      '/home/moq/buc/1+mod.py,200607111031\r \n']

deletes  ['/home/moq/buc/2+del.py,200606281354\r \n',
                  '/home/moq/buc/1+del.py,200607031215\r \n']

I have to put these in to an xml format of type
 <changes>
  <added>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/2</dirname>
     <file>
     <name>add.py</name>
     <time>200606281354</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/1</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>add</name>
     <time>200607031215</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
  </added>
 </changes>

Similarly for Modified and deleted.
can someone help me with the code for this. Thanx



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 19 12:36:24 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:36:24 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44be5a3a$0$31776$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44be5a3a$0$31776$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153326984.931538.35740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Bruno,

Thanks. An issue is that I need to be able to link multiple objects to
a single object etc.
Say for example using the previous wording, I might have compressor -
multiple combustors - turbine

this complicates things slightly.

my current thought is to do a two stage initialisation

1. create the objects
compressor = compressor()
combuster1 = combuster()
combuster2 = combuster()

etc

2. link them
compressor.link(downstream = [combuster1, combuster2])
combuster1.link(upstream = compressor)
etc.

hmmmm I need to give it some more though, particularly how I solve all
the linked objects (which is the point)

Dave



From s.lipnevich at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 13:01:29 2006
From: s.lipnevich at gmail.com (s.lipnevich at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:01:29 -0700
Subject: GNU date input formats in Python
Message-ID: <1152032489.221294.307480@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

I tried looking in several places, including Python's documentation,
CheeseShop, general search, and didn't find anything. Is implementation
of GNU date input formats
(http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/tar_109.html)
available in Python? I'm primarily interested in parsing relative
dates/times like "next tuesday" or "-1 week."
I know that Python 2.5 now includes strptime
(http://docs.python.org/lib/module-time.html#l2h-1956), but that
function only parses prescribed formats and can't do "relative."
Thank you!

Sergey.



From mirandacascade at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 16:58:05 2006
From: mirandacascade at yahoo.com (mirandacascade at yahoo.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 13:58:05 -0700
Subject: request for advice - possible ElementTree nexus
Message-ID: <1152046684.935112.28010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Situation is this:
1) I have inherited some python code that accepts a string object, the
contents of which is an XML document, and produces a data structure
that represents some of the content of the XML document
2) The inherited code is somewhat 'brittle' in that some well-formed
XML documents are not correctly processed by the code; the brittleness
is caused by how the parser portion of the code handles whitespace.
3) I would like to change the code to make it less brittle.  Whatever
changes I make must continue to produce the same data structure that is
currently being produced.
4) Rather than attempt to fix the parser portion of the code, I would
prefer to use ElementTree.  ElementTree handles parsing XML documents
flawlessly, so the brittle portion of the code goes away.  In addition,
the ElementTree model is very sweet to work with, so it is a relatively
easy task using the information in ElementTree to produce the same data
structure that is currently being produced.
5) The existing data structure--the structure that must be
maintained--that gets produced does NOT include any {xmlns=<whatever>}
information that may appear in the source XML document.
6) Based on a review of several posts in this group, I understand why
ElementTree hanldes xmlns=<whatever> information the way it does.  This
is an oversimplification, but one of the things it does is to
incorporate the {whatever} within the tag property of the element and
of any descendent elements.
7) One of the pieces of information in the data structure that gets
produced by this code is the tag...the tag in the data structure should
not have any xmlns=<whatever> information.

So, given that the goal is to produce the same data structure and given
that I really want to use ElementTree, I need to find a way to remove
the xmlns=<whatever> information.  It seems like there are 2 general
methods for accomplishing this:
1) before feeding the string object to the ElementTree.XML() method,
remove the xmlns=<whatever> information from the string.
2) keep the xmlns=<whatever> information in the string that feeds
ElementTree.XML(), but when building the data structure, ensure that
the {whatever} information in the tag property of the element should
NOT be included in the data structure.

My requests for advice are:
a) What are the pros/cons of each of the 2 general methods described
above?
b) If I want to remove the xmlns information before feeding it to the
ElementTree.XML() method, and I don't want to be aware of what is to
the right of the equal sign, what is the best way to remove all the
substrings that are of the form xmlns=<whatever>?  Would this require
learning the nuances of regular expressions?
c) If I want to leave the xmlns information in the string that gets fed
to ElementTree.XML, and I want to remove the {whatever} from the tag
before building the data structure, what is the best way to find
{whatever} from the tag property...is this another case where one
should be using regular expressions?



From ankitdesai at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 08:41:12 2006
From: ankitdesai at gmail.com (Ankit)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 05:41:12 -0700
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8560.1153909366.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<jpxxg.6733$Cn6.5090@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<mailman.8560.1153909366.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153917672.557715.90890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Frederic,

Thanks for posting the solution. I used the original solution you
posted and it worked beautifully.

Paul,

I understand your concern for the site's TOS. Although, this may not
mean anything, the reason I wanted this "parser" was because I wanted
to get the Advanced, and Translated Stats for personal use. I don't
have any commercial motives but play with baseball stats is my hobby.
The site does allow one to download stuff for personal use, which I
abide by. Also, I am only looking to get the aforementioned stats for
some players. The site has player pages for over 16,000 players. I
think it would be unfair to the site owners if I went to download all
16,000 players using the script. In the end, they might just move the
stats in to their premium package (not free) and then I would be really
screwed.

So, I understand your concerns and thank you for posting them.

Ankit

Anthra Norell wrote:
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com>
> Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
> To: <python-list at python.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, July 26, 2006 1:01 AM
> Subject: Re: Parsing Baseball Stats
>
>
> > "Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
> > news:mailman.8551.1153861590.27775.python-list at python.org...
> > >
>           snip
> > >
> > Frederic -
> >
> > HTML parsing is one of those slippery slopes - or perhaps "tar babies" might
> > be a better metaphor - that starts out as a simple problem, but then one
> > exception after the next drags the solution out for daaaays.  Probably once
> > or twice a week, there is a posting here from someone trying to extract data
> > from a website, usually something like trying to pull the href's out of some
>
>           snip
>
> > So what started out as a little joke (microscopic, even) has eventually
> > touched a nerve, so thanks and apologies to those who have read this whole
> > mess.  Frederic, SE looks like a killer - may it become the next regexp!
> >
> > -- Paul
> >
>
> Paul,
>
> A year ago or so someone posted a call for ideas on encoding passwords for his own private use. I suggested a solution using
> python's random number generator and was immediately reminded by several knowledgeable people, quite sharply by some, that the
> random number generator was not to be used for cryptographic applications, since the doc specifically said so. I was also given good
> advice on what to read.
>       I thought that my solution was good, if not by the catechism, then by the requirements of the OP's problem which I considered
> to be the issue. I hoped the OP would come back with his opinion, but he didn't.
>       Not then and there. He did some time later, off list, telling me privately that he had incorporated my solution with some
> adaptations and that it was exactly what he had been looking for.
>
> So let me pursue this on two lines: A) your response and B) the issue.
>
> A) I thank you for the considerable time you must have taken to explain pyparse in such detail. I didn't know you're the author.
> Congratulations! It certainly looks very professional. I have no doubt that it is an excellent and powerful tool.
>       Thanks also for your explanation of the TOS concept. It isn't alien to me and I have no problem with it. But I don't believe
> it means that one should voluntarily argue against one's own freedom, barking at oneself with the voice of the legal watchdogs out
> there that would restrict our freedom preemptively, getting a tug on the leash for excessive zeal but a pat on the head nontheless.
> We have little cause to assume that the OP is setting up a baseball information service and have much cause to assume that he is
> not. So let us reserve the benefit of the doubt because this is what the others do. And work by plausible assumption--necessarily,
> because the realm of certainty is too small an action base.
>       SE is not a parser. It is a stream editor. I believe it fills a gap, handling a certain kind of problem very gracefully while
> being particularly easy to use. Your spontaneous reaction of horror was the consequence of a misinterpretation. The Tag_Stripper's
> argument ('"~<.*?>~= " "~<[^>]*~=" "~[^<]*>~=") is not the frightful incarnation of a novel, yet more arcane regular expression
> syntax. It is simply a string consisting of three very simple expressions: '<.*?>', '<[^>]*' and '[^<]*>'. They could also be
> written as or-ed alternatives: '<.*?>|<[^>]*|[^<]*>'. The tildes brace the regex to identify it as such. The equal sign says replace
> what precedes with what follows. Nothing happens to follow, which means replace it with nothing, which means delete it (tags).
> That's all. SE allows--encourages--to break down a complex search into any number of simple components.
>       (Having just said 'easy to use' I notice a mistake. I correct it below in section C.)
>
> B) I would welcome the OP's opinion.
>
> Regards
>
> Frederic
>
>
> C) Correction: The second and third expression were meant to catch tags spanning lines. There weren't any such tags and so the
> expressions were useless--and inoffensive too: the second one, as a matter of fact, could also delete text. The Tag Stripper should
> be defined like this:
>
> Tag_Stripper = ('"~<(.|\n)*?>~=" "~<!--(.|\n)*?-->~="')
>
> It now deletes tags even if they span lines and it incorporates a second definition that deletes comments which, as you made me
> aware, may contain tags. I now have to run the whole file through this before I look at the lines.
>
> def get_statistics (name_of_player):
>
>    statistics = {
>      'Actual Pitching Statistics'   : [],
>      'Advanced Pitching Statistics' : [],
>    }
>
>    url = 'http://www.baseballprospectus.com/dt/%s.shtml' % name_of_player
>    htm_page = urllib.urlopen (url)
>    lines = StringIO.StringIO (Tag_Stripper (htm_page.read ()))
>    htm_page.close ()
>    current_list = None
>    for line in lines:
>       line = line.strip ()
>       if line == '':
>          continue
>       if 'Statistics' in line:  # That's the section headings.
>          if statistics.has_key (line):
>             current_list = statistics [line]
>             current_list.append (line)
>          else:
>             current_list = None
>       else:
>          if current_list != None:
>             current_list.append (CSV_Maker (line))
>
>    return statistics
>
>
> show_statistics (statistics) displays this tab-delimited CSV:
>
> Advanced Pitching Statistics
> AGE YEAR TEAM XIP RA DH DR DW NRA RAA PRAA PRAR DERA NRA RAA PRAA PRAR DERA STF
> 19 1914 BOS-A 25.3 4.70 -2 3 1 5.75 -4 -5 -2 6.15 6.19 -5 -5 -2 6.36 -25
> 20 1915 BOS-A 225.3 3.31 -12 3 2 4.01 12 4 45 4.33 4.25 6 1 42 4.44 12
> 21 1916 BOS-A 318.2 2.31 -32 -8 0 3.19 46 41 101 3.35 3.30 43 39 99 3.41 24
> 22 1917 BOS-A 336.5 2.56 -20 -7 1 3.49 38 23 83 3.88 3.72 29 20 80 3.96 13
> 23 1918 BOS-A 171.6 2.76 -16 5 0 3.80 13 6 34 4.20 4.16 6 3 31 4.36 3
> 24 1919 BOS-A 129.4 3.98 4 -16 2 4.63 -2 -2 19 4.61 4.79 -4 -3 17 4.70 -6
> 25 1920 NY_-A 6.4 9.00 -1 3 1 8.64 -3 -3 -3 8.96 8.95 -3 -3 -3 9.14 -35
> 26 1921 NY_-A 13.2 10.00 2 0 1 9.16 -7 -7 -5 9.36 9.61 -8 -8 -5 9.65 -41
> 35 1930 NY_-A 8.8 3.00 1 -2 0 2.84 2 2 4 2.57 3.07 1 2 3 2.66 13
> 38 1933 NY_-A 8.8 5.00 1 -1 0 5.01 -1 0 0 4.59 5.27 -1 0 0 4.73 -22
> 1243.5 2.95 -76 -22 8 3.78 96 59 275 4.07 3.95 65 45 262 4.17 10
>
> Actual Pitching Statistics
> AGE YEAR TEAM W L SV ERA G GS TBF IP H R ER HR BB SO HBP IBB WP BK CG SHO
> 19 1914 BOS-A 2 1 0 3.91 4 3 96 23.0 21 12 10 1 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 0
> 20 1915 BOS-A 18 8 0 2.44 32 28 874 217.7 166 80 59 3 85 112 6 0 9 1 16 1
> 21 1916 BOS-A 23 12 1 1.75 44 41 1272 323.7 230 83 63 0 118 170 8 0 3 1 23 9
> 22 1917 BOS-A 24 13 2 2.01 41 38 1277 326.3 244 93 73 2 108 128 11 0 5 0 35 6
> 23 1918 BOS-A 13 7 0 2.22 20 19 660 166.3 125 51 41 1 49 40 2 0 3 1 18 1
> 24 1919 BOS-A 9 5 1 2.97 17 15 570 133.3 148 59 44 2 58 30 2 0 5 1 12 0
> 25 1920 NY_-A 1 0 0 4.50 1 1 17 4.0 3 4 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
> 26 1921 NY_-A 2 0 0 9.00 2 1 49 9.0 14 10 9 1 9 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
> 35 1930 NY_-A 1 0 0 3.00 1 1 39 9.0 11 3 3 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0
> 38 1933 NY_-A 1 0 0 5.00 1 1 42 9.0 12 5 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
> 94 46 4 2.28 163 148 4896 1221.3 974 400 309 10 441 488 29 0 25 4 107 17
> 
> (The last line remains to be shifted three columns to the right.)



From rajarshi.guha at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:38:10 2006
From: rajarshi.guha at gmail.com (rajarshi.guha at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:38:10 -0700
Subject: ElementTree : parse string input
Message-ID: <1152196688.518552.249600@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi, recently having discovered ElementTree I'm stumped by a very simple
problem, which I can't find the answer to.

I have some XML in a string object. Now the parse() method of
ElementTree takes a filename or file-like object. So I tried creating a
StringIO object from the original string and then giving that to
parse(). But that does not seem to work.

Any pointers to getting ElementTree to parse from a string would be
appreciated (of course I could dump it to a temp file, but that doesn't
seem elegent)

Thanks,
Rajarshi



From kusanagi1977 at aim.com  Tue Jul 18 05:03:26 2006
From: kusanagi1977 at aim.com (Kusanagi)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 04:03:26 -0500
Subject: Python : Event-Driven Paradigm
Message-ID: <000b01c6aa49$087e5770$0201a8c0@sirsystem>

Hi All, 

    I have been looking through wikipedia at the Event-Driven Page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming
and I noticed that it mentions that TCL has event driven programming built in. I also looked over the Python 3000 proposals and I did not notice any mention of future versions of python that are going to be changed to include this awesome feature. 

    I currently use the Twisted framework in various ways and I was just curious to know if the event-driven paradigm is going to be implemented without the use of 3rd party frameworks. i.e. Twisted. in the future. 

    If this question has already been asked and answered then please accept my apology. 


    - Steven. 
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From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Tue Jul 11 10:12:04 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:12:04 GMT
Subject: free python hosting !
In-Reply-To: <1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152551733.156592.114510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<2Yvsg.2441$No6.49686@news.tufts.edu>
	<E0ysg.2444$No6.49791@news.tufts.edu>
	<1152565371.858018.215500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <UkOsg.2452$No6.49783@news.tufts.edu>

Luis M. Gonz?lez wrote:

> I'm curious, why it didn't work?
> I sent them an email recently, asking about mod_python support, and
> they replied afirmatively, and very quickly. They also said that they
> can install other scripts on demand.
> But I never tried them though...
> I'd like to know more about your experience with this hosting, if
> possible.

Their support was always great, and they tried several things to get it 
to work, but I soon got the feeling that although they "support" 
mod_python, they didn't really have it set up correctly. They tried 
different variations of setting up the proper handlers, but nothing ever 
worked for me, whereas other places I've tried with mod_python, it 
simply works when you go to a .psp page, for example.

Perhaps by now they've fixed it. It is certainly cheap enough to give a 
shot, and they allow you a few months in which you can cancel and get a 
refund.


From fcorreia at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 07:14:21 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 04:14:21 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
References: <1151506510.391856.207460@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7569.1151507724.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151514404.954008.282280@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
Message-ID: <1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> Filipe wrote:
> > term = row[1]
> > print repr(term)
> >
> > output I got in Pyscripter's interpreter window:
> > 'Fran\x87a'
> >
> > output I got in the command line:
> > 'Fran\xd8a'
> >
> > I'd expect "print" to behave differently according with the console's
> > encoding, but does this mean this happens with repr() too?
>
> repr always generates ASCII bytes. They are not effected by the
> console's encoding. If you get different output, it really means
> that the values are different (check ord(row[1][4]) to be sure)

They do, in fact, output different values. The value outputed by
pyscripter was "135" (x87) while the value outputed in the command line
was "216" (xd8). I can't understand why though, because the script
being run is precisely the same on both environments.

> What is the precise sequence of statements that you used to
> set the "row" variable?

The complete script follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
import sys
import locale
print getattr(sys.stdout,'encoding',None)
print locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]
print sys.getdefaultencoding()

import pymssql
mssqlConnection =
pymssql.connect(host='localhost',user='sa',password='password',database='TestDB')
cur = mssqlConnection.cursor()
query="Select ID, Term from TestTable where ID = 204;"
cur.execute(query)
row = cur.fetchone()
results = []
while row is not None:
    term = unicode(row[1], "cp850")
    print ord(row[1][4])
    print ord(term[4])
    print term
    results.append(term)
    row = cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
mssqlConnection.close()
print results
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


The values outputed were, in pyscripter:
None
cp1252
ascii
135
231
Fran?a
[uFran\xe7a']

and in the command line
cp850
cp1252
ascii
216
207
Fran?a
[u'Fran\xcfa']

regards,
Filipe



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 22:03:13 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:03:13 -0500
Subject: statistical analysis tools in python?
In-Reply-To: <1152754177.889845.133820@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152754177.889845.133820@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e949kq$6o4$1@sea.gmane.org>

Thomas Nelson wrote:
> Sorry if this is a FAQ, but I couldn't find a good summary through
> google.  What kinds of statistical analysis tools exist in python? 

The third hit for "python statistics" is a good overview of what's available:

   http://www.astro.cornell.edu/staff/loredo/statpy/

> I
> really just need t-tests, chi-squared test, and other such tests of
> statistical significance.  A few things point to numpy and scipy, but I
> was surprised to find the documentation for numpy is not freely
> available,

So? The web page does give an overview of what numpy has, and the sample 
chapters go into more depth.

> and I thought it would be wise to ask here before I download
> it and start hunting through the source code for what I want.  Is numpy
> the best option for my simple needs?

numpy tries to be an array package, not a stats package and thus has nothing for 
statistical tests. However, scipy has plenty of stats functionality going well 
beyond what you've specify.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 13:27:33 2006
From: aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com (aaronwmail-usenet at yahoo.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 10:27:33 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153762053.241633.256740@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
...
> I wouldn't waste your time. "A man convinced against his will is of the
> same opinion still", and they already know they aren't interested in
> Python. There are probably many other matters about which they are
> uninformed and equally determined....

This is too true.  Fortunately progress proceeds
slowly nonetheless.  For example C++ is much
less used these days where it is totally and
catastrophically inappropriate than in years past
-- maybe because the true C++ boneheads have
been promoted or are retiring...  Nevertheless I was
recently told by a new grad that I should translate
one of my (working, no problems) python apps to
C++ because C++ is "a higher level language."
But I'm sure he'll fall in line with the next stream
of lemmings rather than sink into the tarpit with the
dinosaurs.

   -- Aaron Watters

===
Paradigms shift when the old guys retire.  -- Kuhn (?)



From __peter__ at web.de  Wed Jul 19 12:20:17 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:20:17 +0200
Subject: access to submodules
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318863.215301.52120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9lii4$osc$01$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1153323573.284183.6540@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9lm3f$n19$02$1@news.t-online.com>

TG wrote:

> okay,
> 
> so only when I have inside __init__.py
> 
> __all__ = ["core"]
> 
> this works
> 
> ?> from tom import *
> ?> help(core)
> 
> but (in a brand new interpretor)
> 
> ?> import tom
> ?> help(tom.core)
> 
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'
> 
> got it. But ...
> 
> ?> import numpy
> ?> help(numpy.core)
> 
> this will work, even if core is a subpackage of numpy. and i don't have
> to explicitly import numpy.core.
> 
> I must be missing something ... :-/

numpy does the equivalent of 

import core

in its __init__.py

"""
Help on method __call__ in module numpy._import_tools:

__call__(self, *packages, **options) unbound
numpy._import_tools.PackageLoader method
    Load one or more packages into parent package top-level namespace.

    Usage:

       This function is intended to shorten the need to import many of
       subpackages, say of scipy, constantly with statements such as

       import scipy.linalg, scipy.fftpack, scipy.etc...

       Instead, you can say:

         import scipy
         scipy.pkgload('linalg','fftpack',...)
"""

Peter


From http  Mon Jul 17 02:27:13 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 23:27:13 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Arash Partow" <partow at gmail.com> writes:
> I've ported various hash functions to python if anyone is interested:

Are these useful for any particular interoperability purposes?
Otherwise I'd say just one such hash is plenty, or maybe don't even
bother, since Python's built-in dicts are sufficient for most
applications that call for hashing, and the cryptographic hashes are
available for when you really care about uniformity of the hash
output.

>     for i in range(len(key)):
>       hash = hash * a + ord(key[i])
>       a = a * b

As a stylistic issue, I'd write this:

  for c in key:
     hash = hash * a + ord(c)
     a *= b

and similarly for the other similar loops.


From max at alcyone.com  Mon Jul 17 17:21:54 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:21:54 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <donn-114C7F.14164317072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8257.1153158306.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<donn-114C7F.14164317072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>
Message-ID: <y8KdnZfT0e7vYibZnZ2dnUVZ_tWdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Donn Cave wrote:

> Tac-tics is right, an empty list is not False.

But that's not what he said.  He said it was "not false."  That's wrong. 
  It's false.  It's just not False.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   The meaning of life is that it stops.
    -- Franz Kafka


From rajarshi.guha at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 15:57:32 2006
From: rajarshi.guha at gmail.com (rajarshi.guha at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 12:57:32 -0700
Subject: iterate over a series of nodes in an XML file
In-Reply-To: <44ac1868$0$26269$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <1152121615.325352.320140@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44ac1868$0$26269$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <1152129452.490220.116380@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Stefan Behnel wrote:
> rajarshi.guha at gmail.com wrote:
> > I have an XML file which contains entries of the form:
> >
> > <idlist>
> >  <myID>1</myID>
> >  <myID>2</myID>
> > ....
> >  <myID>10000</myID>
> > </idlist>


Thanks to everybody for the pointers. ElementTree is what I ended up
using and my looks like this (based on the ElementTree tutorial code):

def extractIds(filename):
    f = open(filename,'r')
    context = ET.iterparse(f, events=('start','end'))
    context = iter(context)
    even, root = context.next()

    for event, elem in context:
        if event == 'end' and elem.tag == 'Id':
            yield elem.text
            root.clear()

As a result I can do:

for id in extractIds(someFileName):
  do something



From claus.tondering at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 07:23:32 2006
From: claus.tondering at gmail.com (Claus Tondering)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 04:23:32 -0700
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<7xejwka3jc.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153135412.198604.242440@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> Tkinter is simply not
> thread safe and generating events from another thread can trigger race
> conditions and who knows.

Does this mean that I cannot even call the main thread's after_idle
method from another thread?

--
Claus Tondering



From taleinat at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 08:46:46 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 05:46:46 -0700
Subject: Checking File permissions
In-Reply-To: <1153401547.638537.155130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153401547.638537.155130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153486005.997294.61170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Anoop wrote:
> Hi All
>
> Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
> permission to the file using python script
>
> Thanks for ur inputs
>
> Anoop

os.access(path, mode) does just this, check it out.

Cross-platform-ness isn't a problem, the docs say it is available for
Windows, Unix and Mac, and I've used it without a hitch on Win2k, WinXP
and various Linux and Unix platforms.

>>> help(os.access)
Help on built-in function access in module nt:

access(...)
    access(path, mode) -> 1 if granted, 0 otherwise

    Use the real uid/gid to test for access to a path.  Note that most
    operations will use the effective uid/gid, therefore this routine
can
    be used in a suid/sgid environment to test if the invoking user has
the
    specified access to the path.  The mode argument can be F_OK to
test
    existence, or the inclusive-OR of R_OK, W_OK, and X_OK.



From paul at fxtech.com  Wed Jul  5 10:43:45 2006
From: paul at fxtech.com (Paul Miller)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 09:43:45 -0500
Subject: Numeric import_array() problem - OS X 10.4
Message-ID: <DeQqg.36438$Kl3.16196@fe19.usenetserver.com>

I had some code that used to work that now doesn't. It's an embedded 
Python interpreter that uses numpy internally. The code calls 
"import_array()", which now fails (and generates a "ImportError: No 
module named _numpy" error).

This is on the latest OS X 10.4 release. I have Numeric installed in the 
Python site-packages directory, and it loads and works properly from a 
normal Python command prompt.

I also just noticed that other modules from the standard Python library 
can't be loaded from within my embedded interpreter. It does find 
scripts I have in my application sub-directory, which I reference by 
adding a path to sys.path.

I modified my startup script to print out sys.path, and a bunch of paths 
(including the site-packages location) are there.

Has something changed with Apple's Python implementation that changes 
the way standard library modules are imported from embedded interpreters?



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 17:33:23 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:33:23 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8673.1154112274.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8673.1154112274.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154122402.811642.219420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Terry Reedy wrote:
> "Chaos" <psnim2000 at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1154053723.899787.72980 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> >> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> >> >
> >> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> >> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> >> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
>
> Besides other suggestions, you might also take a look at Pygame which both
> wraps a C graphics library and has an interface to numeric.

:-)
Could your check_earlier_responses() gizmoid be made case-insensitive?
(-:



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Tue Jul 11 11:33:32 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 17:33:32 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> As I read the language reference the x stands for a target expression.
>AP> Now what does it mean to evaluate a target expression like col[key].
>AP> IMO it means finding the location of the item in the collection: the
>AP> bucket in the directory, the node in the tree ... grosso mode it
>AP> boils down to the call to __setitem__ or __getitem__ depending
>AP> on where the col[key] was located in the line (or if you prefer
>AP> the view from the interpreter it boils down to the BINARY_SUBSCR
>AP> and STORE_SUBSCR opcodes).

>AP> So if the language reference seems to implies that col[key] will
>AP> only be evaluated once in a line like: "col[key] += 1" I expect
>AP> only one call from __setitem__ or __getitem__ (or only one
>AP> from BINARY_SUBSCR or STORE_SUBSCR)

You need both the __setitem__ and the __getitem__ otherwise it won't work.
I think the "evaluated once" clause is for cases like:

f(a)[g(b)] += 1

where f and/or g have side effects. These side effects should then take
place only once. Side effects in __setitem__ and __getitem__ is not what it
is talking about.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From omouse at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 20:40:24 2006
From: omouse at gmail.com (OMouse)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 17:40:24 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154306423.995831.22410@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Python should port nicely between Windows and Linux so there should be
no need to dual-boot.

noahmd at gmail.com wrote:
> Okay, once-upon-a-time I tried to start programming by learning C.  At
> the time I was younger and didn't really understand all that C had to
> offer.  I eventually moved over to Microsoft's Visual Basic.  It was
> nice to be able to design a visual application with no effort (too bad
> I didn't really learn the ins and outs of programming)
>
> Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
> like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
> with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
> laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
> a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.  Is Windows
> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
> program under Python?



From luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt  Mon Jul 10 07:59:03 2006
From: luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt (Luis P. Mendes)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:59:03 +0100
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
In-Reply-To: <1152493520.646522.208970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<mailman.7909.1152295521.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b197db$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1152493520.646522.208970@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b24065$0$15795$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

Waldemar Osuch escreveu:
> Luis P. Mendes wrote:
>> Gregory Pi?ero escreveu:
>>> On 7/7/06, Luis P. Mendes <luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoxxx.pt> wrote:
>>>> Hi,
>>>>
>>>> I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
>>>> it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
>>>> can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.
> 
>> So, perhaps you could show me how to generate an excel file as a http
>> response in django?
> 
> If it is a simple one sheet Workbook you can produce HTML document with
> a table and set the headers to indicate it is Excel.
> 
> Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel
> Content-Disposition: attachment;filename=report.xls
> 
> Lookup documentation on how to generate formula:
> http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnoffxml/html/ofxml2k.asp
> 
> Waldemar
> 
Thanks, but it's a workbook with several sheets.

Luis P. Mendes


From skip at pobox.com  Tue Jul 11 16:06:41 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:06:41 -0500
Subject: compiler.walk() what am I missing?
Message-ID: <17588.1233.836135.847973@montanaro.dyndns.org>

Here's a trivial little Python session which attempts to use compiler.walk
(mostly unsuccessfully):

    % python
    Python 2.4.2 (#1, Feb 23 2006, 12:48:31)
    [GCC 3.4.1] on sunos5
    Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
    >>> import compiler
    >>> ast = compiler.parse(open("a.py").read())
    >>> ast
    Module(None, Stmt([Assign([AssName('RED', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('red')), Assign([AssName('BLUE', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('blue'))]))
    >>> compiler.walk(ast, compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor, verbose=10)
    >>> <class compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor at 0x831ce3c>
    >>> compiler.walk(ast, compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor(), verbose=10)
    <compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor instance at 0x81f0eac>

I did manage to get a verbose print the first time I executed this:

    >>> compiler.walk(ast, compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor(), walker=compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor(), verbose=10)

which emitted nice verbose stuff like

    dispatch Module

    <compiler.visitor.ExampleASTVisitor instance at 0x835074c>
    compiler.ast.Module
            asList       <bound method Module.asList of Module(None, Stmt([Assign([AssName('RED', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('red')), Assign([AssName('BLUE', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('blue'))]))>
            doc          None
            getChildNode <bound method Module.getChildNodes of Module(None, Stmt([Assign([AssName('RED', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('red')), Assign([AssName('BLUE', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('blue'))]))>
            getChildren  <bound method Module.getChildren of Module(None, Stmt([Assign([AssName('RED', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('red')), Assign([AssName('BLUE', 'OP_ASSIGN')], Const('blue'))]))>
            lineno       None
    ...

but successive calls just yielded the more electron-conserving:

    dispatch Module
    dispatch Stmt
    dispatch Assign
    dispatch AssName
    dispatch Const
    dispatch Assign
    dispatch AssName
    dispatch Const

What am I doing wrong?

Thanks,

Skip


From byteschreck at googlemail.com  Tue Jul 18 11:01:22 2006
From: byteschreck at googlemail.com (byteschreck at googlemail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:01:22 -0700
Subject: Python linker
In-Reply-To: <1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153230319.656052.240270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153234882.919965.184690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I develop shareware applications that need to be extremely slim (less
than 1 MB is preferable).

Delphi applications easily meet this requirement and I can expect end
users to download the .NET framework (if they don't already have it!).

However, I cannot expect users to download 3.5 MB.

For corporate clients, size does not matter the least, but for end
users, anything that is a couple of megs seems "bloated".

> For your distribution, just move your DLLs to the appropriate system
> folder. That's what DLLs do. You throw them in system32, forget they
> were there in the first place, and the Linker Troll does the rest for
> you.



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Sun Jul 30 18:52:19 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 15:52:19 -0700
Subject: Small problem with print and comma
In-Reply-To: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154298312.848909.200680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154299939.407791.212950@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

why don't you iterate over the list instead of indices?
for elem in L: print elem,

you don't need the 0 when you call range: range(0, n) == range(n)
the last element of a range is n-1: range(n)[-1] == n-1
you don't need while to iterate backwards. the third argument to range
is step.
range(n-1, -1, -1) == [n-1, n-2, n-3, ..., 1, 0]

benjamin.cordes at blawrc.de wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I have a small problem with my function: printList. I use print with a
> ',' . Somehow the last digit of the last number isn't printed. I wonder
> why.
>
> import random
>
> def createRandomList(param):
>     length = param
>
>     a = []
>     """" creating random list"""
>     for i in range(0,length):
> 	    a.append(random.randrange(100))
>     return a
>
> def printList(param):
>     #doesn't work
>     #2 sample outputs
>     # 30 70 68 6 48 60 29 48 30 38
>     #sorted list
>     #6 29 30 30 38 48 48 60 68 7  <--- last character missing
>
>     #93 8 10 28 94 4 26 41 72 6
>     #sorted list
>     #4 6 8 10 26 28 41 72 93 9 <-- dito
>
>
>     for i in range(0,len(param)):
> 	print a[i],
>    #works
>    #for i in range(0,len(param)-1):
>    #	print a[i],
>    #print a[len(param)-1]
>
>
> if __name__ == "__main__":
> 	length = 10
> 	a = createRandomList(length)
> 	printList(a)
>
> 	for j in range(1,len(a)):
> 		key = a[j]
> 		i = j-1
> 		while i > -1 and a[i]>key:
> 			a[i+1] = a[i]
> 			i = i-1
> 		a[i+1] = key
> 		
> 	print "\n sorted list"
> 	printList(a)



From lrahuel.notgood at voila.fr  Wed Jul 19 08:17:38 2006
From: lrahuel.notgood at voila.fr (Laurent Rahuel)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:17:38 +0200
Subject: text representation of HTML
References: <mailman.8329.1153303761.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i6f8jF2ce5pU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44be22d1$0$881$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi,

I guess stripogram would be more pythonic :
http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=1083

Regards,

Laurent

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:

> Ksenia Marasanova wrote:
> 
>> Hi,
>> 
>> I am looking for a library that will give me very simple text
>> representation of HTML.
>> For example
>> <div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>
>> 
>> will be transformed to:
>> 
>> Title
>> 
>> This is a
>> test
>> 
>> 
>> i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
>> to do it automatically from HTML source.
>> Any hints?
> 
> html2text is a commandline tool. You can invoke it from python using
> subprocess.
> 
> Diez



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 04:20:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:20:30 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Dave,
> 
> Sometimes generating classes from .ini or XML files is not the best
> way. You are just translating one language into another and are making
> bigger headaches for your self. It is certainly cool and bragable to
> say that "my classes get generated on the fly from XML" but  Python is
> terse and reasonable enough to just write it in Python. In other words
> instead of saying <turbine> <power>2MW</power></turbine> just write
> some Python code that instantiates a turbine  with a 2MW power based on
> your class. Then you can evaluate Python code in Python and you even
> got your on-the-fly generation.
> As a general rule, I would say to think 3 times before touching XML in
> Python unless you are absolutely forced to. Config .ini files can be
> more acceptable but Python is still best. Why write
> ;;My turbine class
> [turbine]
> power=2MW
> speed=800rpm
> ...
> when you can just say:
> #my turbine class
> t=Turbine( power="2MW", \
>                speed="800rpm", \
>                ...
> First case is a little shorter but then you have to use a parser for it

There's one builtin.

> while in the second case you just execute the file, and besides, you
> can edit it with any Python editor.
> 

This is certainly nice when the users are able to write python code, but
that's not always the case. Also, it can be dangerous to directly
execute user's python code...


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu  Sun Jul 30 22:08:05 2006
From: jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu (James Stroud)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 02:08:05 GMT
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <9Cdzg.59555$VE1.55287@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>

noahmd at gmail.com wrote:
> Okay, once-upon-a-time I tried to start programming by learning C.  At
> the time I was younger and didn't really understand all that C had to
> offer.  I eventually moved over to Microsoft's Visual Basic.  It was
> nice to be able to design a visual application with no effort (too bad
> I didn't really learn the ins and outs of programming)
> 
> Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
> like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
> with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
> laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
> a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.  Is Windows
> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
> program under Python?
> 

I recommend a triple boot mac.

James



-- 
James Stroud
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095

http://www.jamesstroud.com/


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 10 12:39:41 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:39:41 +0100
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <e8skhj$qb9$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net><mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>	<Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>
	<e8skhj$qb9$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8tvsd$2mi$1@sea.gmane.org>

Terry Reedy wrote:
> "OKB (not okblacke)" <brenNOSPAMbarn at NObrenSPAMbarn.net> wrote in message 
[...]
> 
> The underlying answer to the original question is that while Pyt;hon is 
> object-based, it is not strictly OO but is intentionally multiparadigmatic 
> and will remain so.  For instance, no one will be forced to replace the 
> procedural expression 'a+b' with the strict OO equivalent 'a .__add__(b)'. 
> But anyone is free to do so in their own code, just as with ob.__len__() 
> for len(ob).

In other words: "because it is".

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From symonlandor at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 18:31:21 2006
From: symonlandor at gmail.com (symonlandor at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 15:31:21 -0700
Subject: 2 problems
Message-ID: <1152311481.321408.253040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hello,Im using Python 2.4.2 and I'm starting a few very basic
programs,but theres two problems I've not found the answers for.
My first problem is I need code that will count the number of letters
in a string and return that number to a variable.
My second problem stems from the first as I need a function that can
slice the string into letters and have those put in seperate
strings.Ive tried using the normal [:1],[:2],etc but I need a function
that can do that a variable amount of times due to the varying number
of letters in the input.

This would be of great help,as python is new to me.



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Message-ID: <1151933274.888951.71980@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

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From barry at python.org  Wed Jul  5 19:35:57 2006
From: barry at python.org (Barry Warsaw)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 19:35:57 -0400
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <PC1740200607042130290290cec234bf@msapiro>
References: <PC1740200607042130290290cec234bf@msapiro>
Message-ID: <5961AFF5-DBCB-4C60-AAB7-4E5D9DC61C5C@python.org>

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On Jul 5, 2006, at 12:30 AM, Mark Sapiro wrote:

> Also there is a related issue if A posts, B replies, A replies off  
> list
> to B, and B replies on list. If threading relies solely on References:
> or In-Reply-To:, and either A's or B's MUA generates only In-Reply-To,
> this thread is broken at the 'missing' post. I don't have any really
> good suggestions for alternative threading algorithms however. I think
> there was something on this not too long ago on mailman-users or maybe
> mailman-developers - I looked and found what I think I remember. The
> relevant post is at
> <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/mailman-developers/2005-January/ 
> 017660.html>
> and points to a description of an algorithm at
> <http://www.jwz.org/doc/threading.html>.

I haven't read JWZ's article in a while, but IIRC, it lays out an  
algorithm that does about as good as you can do in these cases.

BTW, my earlier post re: X-List-Message-ID isn't about threading,  
it's about message identification and trying to make that as robust  
as possible.

- -Barry

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From arsl89 at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 07:30:37 2006
From: arsl89 at yahoo.com (arsl89)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:30:37 -0000
Subject: wanting
Message-ID: <e9igot+t9s6@eGroups.com>

hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
plz snd me the backup of python






From bborcic at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 13:07:18 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 19:07:18 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44c109e3$1_1@news.bluewin.ch>

Boris Borcic wrote:
> Paul Rubin wrote:
>> Boris Borcic <bborcic at gmail.com> writes:
>>> x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
>>> pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?
>>
>> You really can't assume anything like that.  Sorting assumes an order
>> relation on the items being sorted, which means if a < b and b < c,
>> then a < c.  If your comparison operation doesn't preserve that
>> property then the sort algorithm could do anything, including looping
>> forever or crashing.
> 
> Not if it does the minimum number of comparisons to achieve the sort, in 
> which case it won't ever call cmp() if the result is pre-determined by 
> the order relation and previous comparisons, so that it will never get 

read "by /the assumption of an order relation/ and previous comparisons"

> from this comparison function a system of answers that's not consistent 
> with an order relation. That's obvious at least in the case where 
> random.random() == 0.5 never occurs (and at first sight even the latter 
> case shouldn't change it).

- this - the idea that /if/ the algorithm was optimal it would only sample the 
random comparison function up to a system of answers consistent with an order 
relation - is actually what prompted my question,
iow "is it good for anything ?"

Best, BB
--
"On na?t tous les m?tres du m?me monde"


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 22 01:19:22 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:19:22 +1200
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz> <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <e9scfg$ali$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1 at corp.supernews.com>, Grant Edwards wrote:

> On 2006-07-21, Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand>
> wrote:
>> In message <1153361291.923692.45330 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, gel
>> wrote:
>>
>>> I am attempting to understand threads to use in a network app which I
>>> am writing.
>>
>> It is written, somewhere in the philosophy of *nix programming, that
>> threads are a performance hack, to be avoided wherever possible. Use
>> processes in preference to threads.
> 
> I've never understood the aversion people seem to have to
> threads.

Perhaps because with threads, data is shared by default. Whereas with
processes, it is private by default, and needs to be explicitly shared if
you want that.


From pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr  Mon Jul 31 06:45:06 2006
From: pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr (jean-michel bain-cornu)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:45:06 +0200
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cddfb3$0$7761$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>

Hi,
noahmd at gmail.com a ?crit :
> Is Windows
> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
> program under Python?

I'm used to practice windows & linux and it makes sense to use python on 
both because the compatibility is excellent. Take care to use os.sep as 
the file path separator if you plan to stay compatible.
My favorite os is linux, but on windows you have pythonwin which is an 
excellent python extension with a very good debugger. Also boa works 
fine on windows but have annoying bugs on linux.
Furthermore, python comes with linux (nothing to install) and not with 
windows (needs python install if you deploy on users pcs).
Regards,
jm


From blue99 at interia.pl  Fri Jul 28 08:55:42 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:55:42 -0700
Subject: problem with regex
In-Reply-To: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154090705.676229.250300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154091342.085255.73380@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


abcd wrote:
> I have a regex: '[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*'
>
> when I do, re.compile('[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*') ...I get
>
> sre_constants.error: unbalanced parenthesis
>
> do i need to escape something else?  i see that i have matching
> parenthesis.

You should use raw string:

re.compile(r'[A-Za-z]:\\([^/:\*\?"<>\|])*')

Regards,
Rob



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 06:52:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 12:52:52 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <e94ub2dnd2422lpetr06o3hn7qjuar5jtk@4ax.com>
References: <44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e94ub2dnd2422lpetr06o3hn7qjuar5jtk@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <44bf6084$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:54:55 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers
> <onurb at xiludom.gro> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
> 
>>Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
>>
> 
> 	Pardon, but for the sense you intend, it should be:
> 
> 		... don't need, too?

Granted. Actually, it *was* a typo - but it happened to also make sens,
so I decided it was not a typo !-)

But I promise I'll be more carefull next time.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 26 17:05:30 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:05:30 -0500
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C7D91A.2090101@tim.thechases.com>

> but it can't pass this one: "(a c)b(c d) e" the above regex
> gives out ['(a c)b(c', 'd)', 'e'], but the correct one should
> be ['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']

Ah...the picture is becoming a little more clear:

 >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\S)+')
 >>> r.findall(s)
['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']

It also works on my original test data, and is a cleaner regexp 
than the original.

The clearer the problem, the clearer the answer. :)

-tkc






From Vic.Kelson at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 10:15:54 2006
From: Vic.Kelson at gmail.com (Vic.Kelson at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 07:15:54 -0700
Subject: python list/array question...
References: <mailman.7810.1152105695.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152195354.512086.117240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Another way to do it is using a dict with keys that are tuples:

>>> arr = {}
>>> arr[0,0] = 'a1'
>>> arr[0,1] = 'a2'
>>> arr[1,0] = 'b1'
>>> arr[1,1] = 'b2'
>>> arr[2,0] = 'c1'
>>> arr[2,1] = 'c2'
>>> for j in range(3):
...     for i in range(2):
...         print arr[j,i], ' ',
...     print
...
a1   a2
b1   b2
c1   c2
>>>

You can derive a class from dict that implements desired behaviors
(e.g. bounds checking, nrows and ncols attributes). Using this approach
over lists of lists is nice: old fogey scientific programmers like me
prefer the explicit [j,i] syntax over the [j][i] way, and it's easily
extensible over more than two dimensions ([k][j][i]??? Yikes!). This is
perhaps not preferred for a "full" matrix (I'd tend to use a NumPy
array of Objects), but it can be useful.

I've used it in two cases:

--  A "sparse" matrix (overload dict.__getitem__ to return 0 if the
tuple (j,i) is not a valid key),

-- A "multidimensional array" in which all the indices are strings,
like a table with column labels and row labels (in my case, it was a
3-dimensional "table" with a concatenated key of three text strings but
there were reasons not to use a relational database). It was very
convenient to implement the code in this way, and extremely readable.

This trick is also useful with dbm files, e.g. using shelve.

--vic



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Thu Jul  6 03:55:57 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 00:55:57 -0700
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7834.1152160068.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7834.1152160068.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152172557.848523.190330@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>


Girish Sahani wrote:
> hello ppl,
>
>   Consider a list like ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2']. Here 'a','b','c' are
> objects and 1,3,4,2 are their instance ids and they are unique e.g. a.1
> and b.1 cannot exist together. From this list i want to generate
> multiple lists such that each list must have one and only one instance of
> every object.
>  Thus, for the above list, my output should be:
>   [['a.1','b.3','c.2'],['a.1','b.4','c.2']]
>  Another example: Let l = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']. Then
> output should be [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
> ['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],[['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3']
>
>  Can anyone suggest me a time-efficient method for doing this??
>


I don't understand what you mean by "'a','b','c' are objects and
1,3,4,2 are their instance ids", but I think the solution to whatever
your problem is, will involve the Cartesian Product of sets (lists) -
(also called the cross product).

If your data is just the strings that you give in your example, then
the following should work. If your 'object strings' are longer than one
character, you will have to adapt it.


print
import itertools as it

data1 = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2']
data2 = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']

want1 = [['a.1', 'b.3', 'c.2'],
         ['a.1', 'b.4', 'c.2']]
want2 = [['a.1','b.3','c.2','d.3'],
         ['a.1','b.3','c.6','d.3'],
         ['a.1','b.4','c.2','d.3'],
         ['a.1','b.4','c.6','d.3'] ]

def split_data(data):
    ret = []
    for k, g in it.groupby(sorted(data), lambda x: x[0]):
        ret.append( list(g) )
    return ret

#following function from ASPN Cookbook by David Klaffenbach
#http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/302478
def combine(*seqin):
    '''returns a list of all combinations of argument sequences.
for example: combine((1,2),(3,4)) returns
[[1, 3], [1, 4], [2, 3], [2, 4]]'''
    def rloop(seqin,listout,comb):
        '''recursive looping function'''
        if seqin:                       # any more sequences to
process?
            for item in seqin[0]:
                newcomb=comb+[item]     # add next item to current comb
                # call rloop w/ rem seqs, newcomb
                rloop(seqin[1:],listout,newcomb)
        else:                           # processing last sequence
            listout.append(comb)        # comb finished, add to list
    listout=[]                      # listout initialization
    rloop(seqin,listout,[])         # start recursive process
    return listout


assert combine(*split_data(data1)) == want1
assert combine(*split_data(data2)) == want2

 --------------------------------

Gerard



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:45:50 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:45:50 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with
	Python3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <7xac7rpa8g.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <mailman.7711.1151884576.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xac7rpa8g.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1151916350.528858.96880@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Yes, this is what he's saying.  Its not "broken," just a bit different.
 After all, you dont have a problem with:
lst = [1, 2, 3]
ptr = lst
lst.append(4) # this changes ptr

And a "view" of the dictionary is orders faster than creating a copy of
it (which is required to keep k0 from changing in your example).  If
you're LUCKY, copying a dictionary is O(n), and i would expect it to
take longer because hashmaps usually have a lot of empty space in them
(anyone with python specific experiance know if its diffent for python
hashmaps?), and each empty space takes time to iterate across.  So a
dictionary is over O(n), while a view takes O(1) time.  considering how
often this operation is used, it makes sense to do this optimization

And if you really want an independant list, you can always say
k0 = list(d.keys())

Paul Rubin wrote:
>
> Wait a sec, you're saying
>
>   k0 = d.keys()
>   d['whee'] = 'parrot'    # this can change k0???
> 
> That sounds broken.



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Wed Jul 19 12:02:54 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:02:54 +0200
Subject: Project organisation
References: <pan.2006.07.19.14.12.46.40240@yahoo.fr>
	<mailman.8337.1153315856.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.16.02.49.232872@yahoo.fr>

Le Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:31:06 +0100, Phil Thompson a ?crit?:

> On Wednesday 19 July 2006 3:12 pm, rony steelandt wrote:
>> Imagine I have x projects and they all use util.py
>>
>> What would be the best way to organise this
>>
>> 1.
>> c --\project1\*.py
>>
>>   |-\project2\*.py
>>
>>   --\globals\util.py
>>
>> This organisation has the problem that if I have to modify something to
>> util.py that I need in project2, I'll have to retest project1 to make sure
>> it still works (that could be project 1..n).
>>
>> 2.
>> A copy of util.py in each project directory ? The advantage is that I can
>> modify each util.py in function of the need of the project but it looks
>> clutered, having n versions of util.py.
>>
>> What is the best solution ? or is there another even better solution ?
> 
> You could introduce version numbers to your module hierarchy...
> 
> --\globals\v1-0\util.py
>           \v1-1\util.py
>           \v2-0\utill.py
> 
> ...then in your code do something like...
> 
> from globals.v1-0 import util
> 
> ...which would allow some sharing without needing to retest.
> 
> Phil

Yes, this actually looks like a very good idea, without the need of
retesting everything

Rony


From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 15:08:38 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 12:08:38 -0700
Subject: instances
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8182.1152899657.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8182.1152899657.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152904117.953198.166080@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Quenton,
What kind of instances do you want to create? An instance has to be an
instance of something. You  mention creating instances "of a method",
what do you mean by that?

Anyway, assuming you are new to Python here is a basic intro about
objects and classes:
Think of a class as a blueprint and the objects are object built from
that blueprint. The object are called 'instances' of the class.
Creating an object of a specific class is called instantiating. So if
you have a blueprint for a car you use it to make a car. A car is an
instance instantiated from the car's blueprint.
Simple Example:
class Car:
    def __init__(self,color):
       self.color=color
    def drive(self):
       print "The",self.color,"car is driving"

That's  a simple Car class i.e. the blueprint. It will make any car of
a specific color. To make an actual car object do:
jetta=Car("blue")
You have created an _instance_ of a class Car called jetta.  Now,
according to the blueprint, you car will have one method you can call
and you call it like this::
jetta.drive()
and you should get the output "The blue car is driving".

Three things to notice:
1) 'self' is the first argument inside any method of the class. Both
__init__ and drive get it. Self references the object of the class
itself when those methods are called. For example the __init__ method
sets the color of the car. But it has to know where the car object is
so it can set its color. The car object itself is represented by 'self'
and then we set its color using self.color
2) the __init__ method is called a "magic" method. It can be called
_for you_ at a specific time. The __init__ method is used to initialize
a class object. So the object is created by Python then its __init__
method is called after that so you can customize it. Imagine that
Python makes a car for you and then it gives it to your __init__ method
for customization.  Your __init__ method paints it a certain color and
you have your new car ready to go!
3) if you noticed from the semantics or form 2), __init__ does not
create an instance of a class by itself. It only customizes an already
created instance that it gets through the self argument.  There is a
magic method called __new__ that Python uses for you to create an
instance of a class but with very very very rare exceptions you don't
even need to know about it (I don't even know what its parameters are,
because in all these years I have never had to use it).

Hope this helps, I assumed you are a new Python user that is why I
presented a simplistic example. Please see some Python tutorials and
documenation, you can search on Google for them.

Regards,
Nick Vatamaniuc




Quenton Bonds wrote:.
> Hello
> I am trying to understand the abilities and limitation of creating an
> instance.  First I will give you my understanding then please steer me
> in the right direction.
>
> Abiities
> 1.  The two ways to create an instance is def method(self) &
> __int__(self, other, instances,...)
> 2.  By creating an instance of a method; the functions of that method
> can be used through out the
>    program in a fashion such as self.methodofprogram(parameters)
> Limitations
> 3.  One cannot create an instance of a class.
> 4.  An instance can only perform functions that are provided from the
> method it was instanced from.
> 
> 5.  Is there any other key information I am missing.



From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  2 20:57:23 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 17:57:23 -0700
Subject: Time out question
References: <44a86915@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1hhv0ik.77prx5p4phw3N%aleax@mac.com>

DarkBlue <nomail at nixmail.com> wrote:

> My application makes several connections to
> a remote database server via tcp/ip.
> Usually all is fine,but occasionally the server is
> down or the internet does not work and then there is
> the 30 sec to several minutes timeout wait for the
> tcp to give up.
> Is there anything I can do without using 
> threads,sockets,twisted etc. to have following :
> 
> pseudocode :
> 
>  try for 10 seconds
>    if database.connected :
>     do your remote thing
>  except raise after 10 seconds
>    abort any connection attempt
>    do something else 

Sure, see function setdefaulttimeout in module socket.  Just call it as
you wish before trying the DB connection and catch the resulting
exception.


Alex


From grante at visi.com  Sun Jul 16 21:06:09 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 01:06:09 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153092024.448292.282640@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12blok1vo9ov08@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-16, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:

>> If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
>> socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
>> socket will raise an exception.

> like this ?
> databack = aeris_sockobj.recv(2048)
>  if databack:
>             view_msg = 'caught request acknowlage %s bytes \n' %
> len(databack)
> else:
>             view_msg = 'fail to recieve data from aeris server\n'
>
> then put the reconnect in the else: block ?

Yes, if the problem is that the host closes the connection,
that should work.  Modulo the broken indentation and
line-wrapping. ;)

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  My mind is a potato
                                  at               field...
                               visi.com            


From yxing at stanford.edu  Sat Jul 15 15:49:56 2006
From: yxing at stanford.edu (Yi Xing)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 12:49:56 -0700
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
Message-ID: <1be51ba622e3120b88d4c9ae3d4dcbb6@stanford.edu>

Hi All,

I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #). 
Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast 
way of doing this in Python? Thanks.

Yi Xing



From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Wed Jul 26 22:56:09 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 02:56:09 GMT
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C82B37.5000703@kneuro.net>

John Henry wrote:

> 
>>Carl,
>> OS writers provide much more tools for debugging, tracing, changing
>>the priority of, sand-boxing processes than threads (in general) It
>>*should* be easier to get a process based solution up and running
>>andhave it be more robust, when compared to a threaded solution.
>>
>>- Paddy (who shies away from threads in C and C++ too ;-)
> 
> 
> That mythical "process" is more robust then "thread" application
> paradigm again.
> 
> No wonder there are so many boring software applications around.
> 
> Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
> application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
> ...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
> applications.

In this particular case, the OP (in a different thread)
mentioned that his application will be extended by
random individuals who can't necessarily be trusted
to design their extensions correctly.  In that case,
segregating the untrusted code, at least, into
separate processes seems prudent.

The OP also mentioned that:

>  If I have a system that has a large area of shared memory,
 > which would be better?

IMO, if you're going to be sharing data structures with
code that can't be trusted to clean up after itself,
you're doomed. There's just no way to make that
scenario work reliably. The best you can do is insulate
that data behind an API (rather than giving untrusted
code direct access to the data -- IOW, don't use threads,
because if you do, they can go around your API and screw
things up), and ensure that each API call leaves the
data structures in a consistent state.

-- JK


From austuff at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 08:50:53 2006
From: austuff at gmail.com (janama)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 05:50:53 -0700
Subject: Wxpython, using more than 1 timer?
In-Reply-To: <1153570889.455293.63340@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153568259.744174.189730@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153570889.455293.63340@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153572653.491926.39100@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for that, cheers

Regards


nikie wrote:
> janama wrote:
>
> > Hi all,
> >
> > Using wx
> > When adding a second timer as i have the first,  the second timer
> > adding  stops the first timer (updating or stops?) . In this example im
> > updating a uptime and localtime label. It works fine for displaying the
> > last "self.startTimer2()" called. But prevents the previous
> > self.startTimer1() from running . Im doing something fundamentally
> > wrong i guess?
> >
> >     def __init__(self, parent):
> >             self._init_ctrls(parent)
> >
> >             #Start timers
> >             self.startTimer1()
> >             self.startTimer2()
> >
> >     def startTimer1(self):
> >         self.t1 = wx.Timer(self)
> >         self.t1.Start(360) # 360000 ms = 1/10 hour
> >         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime)
> >
> >     def startTimer2(self):
> >         self.t2 = wx.Timer(self)
> >         self.t2.Start(1000) # run every second
> >         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime)
> >
> >     def OnTime(self,evt):
> >         self.lblTime.SetLabel(str(time.localtime()))
> >
> >     def OnUpTime(self, evt):
> >         self.lblUptime.SetLabel('Running ' + (str(myTimerText[0])) + '
> > hours') # 1/10  hour count
> >         myTimerText[0] = myTimerText[0] + .1
> >
> > Any help appreciated, ta
>
> The problem is not that the first timer ist stopped, the problem is
> that both timers happen to call the same method in the end.
>
> Think of the "Bind" method as an assignment: it assigns a handler
> function to an event source. If you call it twice for the same event
> source, the second call will overwrite the first event handler. That's
> what happens in your code.
>
> The easiest way to change this is by using different ids for the
> timers:
>
>     def startTimer1(self):
>         self.t1 = wx.Timer(self, id=1)
>         self.t1.Start(2000)
>         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime, id=1)
>
>     def startTimer2(self):
>         self.t2 = wx.Timer(self, id=2)
>         self.t2.Start(1000)
>         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime, id=2)
>
> This way, the timers launch two different events, which are bound to
> two different methods.



From exarkun at divmod.com  Thu Jul 27 08:48:37 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:48:37 -0400
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <20060727124837.1717.1461088001.divmod.quotient.2406@ohm>

On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 07:07:05 GMT, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
>On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:38:06 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall"
><cvanarsdall at mvista.com> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> Well, I guess I'm thinking of an event driven mechanism, kinda like
>> setting up signal handlers.  I don't necessarily know how it works under
>> the hood, but I don't poll for a signal.  I setup a handler, when the
>> signal comes, if it comes, the handler gets thrown into action.  That's
>> what I'd be interesting in doing with threads.
>>
>	Well, first off, something in the run-time IS doing the equivalent
>of polling. When IT detects the condition of a registered event has
>taken place, it calls the registered handler as a normal subroutine.
>Now, that polling may seem transparent if it is tied to, say the OS I/O
>operations. This means that, if the process never performs any I/O, the
>"polling" of the events never happens. Basically, as part of the I/O
>operation, the OS checks for whatever data signals an event (some bit
>set in the process table, etc.) has happened and actively calls the
>registered handler. But that handler runs as a subroutine and returns.
>
>	How would this handler terminate a thread? It doesn't run /as/ the
>thread, it runs in the context of whatever invoked the I/O, and a return
>is made to that context after the handler finishes.
>
>	You are back to the original problem -- such an event handler, when
>called by the OS, could do nothing more than set some data item that is
>part of the thread, and return... The thread is STILL responsible for
>periodically testing the data item and exiting if it is set.
>
>	If your thread is waiting for one of those many os.system() calls to
>return, you need to find some way to kill the child process (which may
>be something running on the remote end, since you emphasize using SSH).
>

While you are correct that signals are not the solution to this problem,
the details of this post are mostly incorrect.

If a thread never performs any I/O operations, signal handlers will still
get invokes on the arrival of a signal.

Signal handlers have to run in some context, and that ends up being the
context of some thread.  A signal handler is perfectly capable of exiting
the thread in which it is running.  It is also perfectly capable of
terminating any subprocess that thread may be responsible for.

However, since sending signals to specific threads is difficult at best
and impossible at worst, combined with the fact that in Python you
/still/ cannot handle a signal until the interpreter is ready to let you
do so (a fact that seems to have been ignored in this thread repeatedly),
signals end up not being a solution to this problem.

Jean-Paul


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 21:38:30 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 18:38:30 -0700
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a71e56@nntp0.pdx.net>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> ya know, I've searched for these "new classes" at least five times.
> I've heard all the wonderful things about how they make your life into
> a piece of chocolate with rainbows sprinkled in it.  Never once have I
> found a site that explains what syntax to use to make these new
> classes.

     http://www.python.org/doc/newstyle.html

 From the docs for the upcoming 2.5:

     http://docs.python.org/dev/ref/node33.html


As to how you make them:

     class Whatever:
         ...
is an old-style class.

     class Whenever(object):
         ...
is a new-style class.

     class Whoever(SomeClass):
         ...
is an old-style class if SomeClass is an old-style class,
and a new-style class if SomeClass is a new-style class.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sat Jul  8 11:45:00 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 08:45:00 -0700
Subject: Mechanize-Browser question..
Message-ID: <026c01c6a2a5$79793d10$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi..

i have the following piece of test code. i'm trying to implement/check out
the follow-link method. i'm just trying to figure out how to get a link from
the page.

i was hoping that the regex would basically get the 1st url link...

any thoughts/comments/ideas as to what i'm doing wrong.

thanks

-bruce

  br = Browser()
  br.set_handle_redirect(True)
  br.set_handle_referer(True)
  br.open(url2)
  #br.set_cookiejar(cj)
  br.set_debug_redirects(True)
  # Log HTTP response bodies (ie. the HTML, most of the time).
  br.set_debug_responses(True)
  # Print HTTP headers.
  br.set_debug_http(True)
  r2 = br.follow_link(url_regex=re.compile(r"\*"),nr=1)   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

  response = br.response()  # this is a copy of response
  print response.read()








From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 17 09:57:04 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 13:57:04 +0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <12blgl1t9egsqb8 at corp.supernews.com>,
Grant Edwards  <grante at visi.com> wrote:
>On 2006-07-16, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>
>> serverhost = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'
>> serverport = 9520
>> aeris_sockobj = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
>> aeris_sockobj.connect((serverhost,serverport))
>>
>> while 1:
>>     do this or that with socket,
>>     send and receive info.
>>     yadda yadda yadda
>>
>> works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection. so,
>> what i need is something that will let me know if the
>> connection is still ok, if not will reconnect.
>
>If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
>socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
>socket will raise an exception.
>
>> what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain
>> port one at a time, that i could use a try-except to connect
>> every time, if it could not connect (because it already is)
>> then i would just continue on. But if it is not connected, it
>> would reconnect. that is what brings me here. Seems like it
>> would work, but is there a better way?
>
>I don't see why the normal send() and recv() semantics aren't
>sufficient.
			.
			.
			.
Often normal send() and recv() semantics have been mistaught.
An alert alien, looking at other common APIs in isolation, 
might reasonably wonder whether there is some sort of 
still_ok_to_use() sort of check as part of TCP.  As it happens,
of course, that doesn't fit with the rest of socket networking,
which takes the "modernist" approach of trying send() or recv(),
and reporting any exception.


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Thu Jul  6 14:12:09 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 18:12:09 GMT
Subject: poplib Q
References: <e8jj6q$bhg$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
Message-ID: <Zncrg.17284$Uc3.13333@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"SuperHik" <junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:e8jj6q$bhg$1 at ss408.t-com.hr...
> Hi!
>
> I want to connect to gmail but...
> It requires SSL so I worte:
>
>  >>> import poplib
>  >>> server = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com',995)
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
>    File "C:\Python24\lib\poplib.py", line 359, in __init__
>      self.sslobj = socket.ssl(self.sock, self.keyfile, self.certfile)
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ssl'
>  >>>
>
> what's with that?!
> I found an old post to this group, and it connected the same way, only
> it worked.
> (I use PythonWin 2.4.3 on WinXP)
>
> tia!

See if you have a socket.py file in your PYTHONPATH or local directory.

-- Paul




From prestonh at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 17:01:44 2006
From: prestonh at gmail.com (Preston Hagar)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 16:01:44 -0500
Subject: for loop question
In-Reply-To: <0ef001c6a13d$b4ee9750$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <0ef001c6a13d$b4ee9750$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <8f5897560607061401p47a92a32ve5b086c5e92cac76@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/6/06, bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:
>
> hi..
>
> basic foor/loop question..
>
> i can do:
>
> for a in foo
>   print a
>
> if i want to do something like
>   for a, 2, foo
>     print foo
>
> where go from 2, to foo..
>
> i can't figure out how to accomplish this...
>
> can someone point me to how/where this is demonstrated...
>
>
> You might want to look here:

http://www.freenetpages.co.uk/hp/alan.gauld/tutloops.htm

I am not exactly sure what you are asking, so perhaps a hopefully related
example will help you on your way.
Let's say you have a variable foo and want to count from 2 to the value of
foo, you could do the following:

foo = 20
for i in range(2,foo):
  print i


This would print the numbers 2 through 29 out.

Hope this helps.

Preston
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From girodt at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 08:57:19 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 05:57:19 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
Message-ID: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi there.

Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?

* A is an array of shape (n,)
* X is a positive float number
* B is an array of shape (n,)
* O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.

A.X - B = O
min(X)

thanks.



From http  Mon Jul 24 00:55:55 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 21:55:55 -0700
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8435.1153687877.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153712021.637705.312050@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkru0ff.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<7x64hnr73j.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8439.1153715132.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xmzazsisk.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Robert Kern <robert.kern at gmail.com> writes:
>    G = int(ceil(log(U) / log(1.0 - p)))

I usually owuld write that as int(ceil(log(U, 1.0 - p))).


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:38:29 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:38:29 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Marshall schrieb:
>
> > I can certainly see how DbC would be useful without subtyping.
> > But would there still be a reason to separate preconditions
> > from postconditions? I've never been clear on the point
> > of differentiating them (beyond the fact that one's covariant
> > and the other is contravariant.)
>
> There is indeed.
> The rules about covariance and contravariance are just consequences of
> the notion of having a subtype (albeit important ones when it comes to
> designing concrete interfaces).
>
> For example, if a precondition fails, something is wrong about the
> things that the subroutine assumes about its environment, so it
> shouldn't have been called. This means the error is in the caller, not
> in the subroutine that carries the precondition.
>
> The less important consequence is that this should be reflected in the
> error messages.
>
> The more important consequences apply when integrating software.
> If you have a well-tested library, it makes sense to switch off
> postcondition checking for the library routines, but not their
> precondition checking.
> This applies not just for run-time checking: Ideally, with compile-time
> inference, all postconditions can be inferred from the function's
> preconditions and their code. The results of that inference can easily
> be stored in the precompiled libraries.
> Preconditions, on the other hand, can only be verified by checking all
> places where the functions are called.

Interesting!

So, what exactly separates a precondition from a postcondition
from an invariant? I have always imagined that one writes
assertions on parameters and return values, and those
assertions that only reference parameters were preconditions
and those which also referenced return values were postconditions.
Wouldn't that be easy enough to determine automatically?

And what's an invariant anyway?


Marshall



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:49:03 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:49:03 -0300
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153596758.673005.234110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8427.1153667098.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153758314.856476.166040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<13u50pz3ly9v6.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <1amm9z1cc7pg4.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 14:41:02, Gerhard Fiedler wrote:

> (I actually think that possibly the current way of embedding javadoc-like
> documentation into sources is only a stepping stone into the direction
> generally pointed to by what Wirth called "literate programming". 

That was Knuth, not Wirth. But this is not really that relevant.

Gerhard



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 11:55:21 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:55:21 +0100
Subject: Connecting to internet under proxy
In-Reply-To: <1153752536.536091.36420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153752536.536091.36420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2qh6$frc$1@sea.gmane.org>

Chema wrote:
> Hi all.
> 
>    I have a little script to connect to the internet and download some
> files. I developed it in my house (direct connection) and it wordked
> properly. But the problem is that in the office (under a proxy) it
> doesn't run. My script is like:
> 
> import urllib
> f=urllib.urlopen(SOME_WEB)
> print f.read
> 
> I have tried to set the environmet variable
> http_proxy="192.168.1.100:2929" and also:
> 
> import urllib
> proxy={'http','http://192.168.1.100:2929'} and using
> f=urllib.urlopen(SOME_WEB, proxy)
> print f.read
> 
> the error was always the same:
> 
> (11001, 'getaddrinfo failed')
> 
> 
> Any idea?? The proxy that we use is normally, in some programs I use a
> tipical http proxy without authentification without problem.
> 
> Thanks in advanced.
> 
sholden at bigboy /c/colinux
$ export http_proxy="http://localhost:37004"

sholden at bigboy /c/colinux
$ python
Python 2.5b2 (trunk:50713, Jul 19 2006, 16:04:09)
[GCC 3.4.4 (cygming special) (gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125)] on cygwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Started with C:/Steve/.pythonrc
  >>> import urllib
  >>> u = urllib.urlopen("http://www.holdenweb.com/")
  >>>

OK, it works with an environment variable (I saw the access in my 
mousehole proxy log). Now in a new shell:

sholden at bigboy ~
$ export | grep http

sholden at bigboy ~
$ python
Python 2.5b2 (trunk:50713, Jul 19 2006, 16:04:09)
[GCC 3.4.4 (cygming special) (gdc 0.12, using dmd 0.125)] on cygwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Started with C:/Steve/.pythonrc
  >>> import urllib
  >>> proxy = {'http': 'http://localhost:37004'}
  >>> u = urllib.urlopen("http://www.holdenweb.com/", proxies=proxy)
  >>>

Yup. that worked too. Maybe it's just because you aren't making proxies 
a keyword argument? If I try that (under cygwin) I see:

  >>> u = urllib.urlopen("http://www.holdenweb.com/", proxy)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.5/urllib.py", line 84, in urlopen
     return opener.open(url, data)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.5/urllib.py", line 192, in open
     return getattr(self, name)(url, data)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.5/urllib.py", line 327, in open_http
     h.send(data)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.5/httplib.py", line 707, in send
     self.sock.sendall(str)
   File "<string>", line 1, in sendall
TypeError: sendall() argument 1 must be string or read-only buffer, not dict

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Sat Jul  8 13:29:12 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 19:29:12 +0200
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152377895.957276.65550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8oq06$5cs$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

IE is for Windows...I need something for unix-systems :(

Thx


-- 
spooky


From westymatt at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 08:57:05 2006
From: westymatt at gmail.com (westymatt)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 05:57:05 -0700
Subject: mkdir
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8295.1153227270.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153226748.437330.117690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8295.1153227270.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153227425.101456.35900@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

thanks a ton



From http  Thu Jul 27 15:13:15 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 12:13:15 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
> Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but
> issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be
> addressed.

Actually I don't understand the need for SSH.  This is traffic over a
LAN, right?  Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted?  That's unusual; SSH
is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the
local network is usually trusted.  Hopefully it's not wireless.


From JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid  Sun Jul  2 02:41:53 2006
From: JohnJohnUSA at hotmail-dot-com.no-spam.invalid (JohnJohnUSA)
Date: 02 Jul 2006 06:41:53 GMT
Subject: Error Trapping
Message-ID: <44a76ab1$0$15474$892e7fe2@authen.yellow.readfreenews.net>

I ran the following program to retrieve entries from the windows
registry on Windows XP:


import win32api, win32con
aReg = win32api.RegConnectRegistry(None,
win32con.HKEY_CURRENT_USER)
aKey = win32api.RegOpenKeyEx(aReg,
r"Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\PageSetup")
for i in range(100):
    Name, Data, Type = win32api.RegEnumValue(aKey, i)
    print "Index=(", i,") Name=[",
Name,"] Data=[",Data,"]
Type=[",Type,"]"
win32api.RegCloseKey(aKey)

This is the program output:

[code:1:8bb6fccb25]Index=( 0 ) Name=[ header ]
Data=[ &w&bPage &p of &P ] Type=[ 1
]
Index=( 1 ) Name=[ footer ] Data=[
&u&b&d ] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 2 ) Name=[ margin_bottom ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 3 ) Name=[ margin_left ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 4 ) Name=[ margin_right ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 5 ) Name=[ margin_top ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/temp/Python Test Folder/Read Windows Registry
Entries (No error trapping).py", line 5, in -toplevel-
    Name, Data, Type = win32api.RegEnumValue(aKey, i)
error: (259, 'PyRegEnumValue', 'No more data is
available.')[/code:1:8bb6fccb25]

I received an error because I tried to read past the last entry for
this key.  The following is a modified version of the program to trap
any error on key entry retrieval:

[code:1:8bb6fccb25]import win32api, win32con, sys
aReg = win32api.RegConnectRegistry(None,
win32con.HKEY_CURRENT_USER)
aKey = win32api.RegOpenKeyEx(aReg,
r"Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\PageSetup")
for i in range(100):
    try:
        Name, Data, Type = win32api.RegEnumValue(aKey, i)
        print "Index=(", i,") Name=[",
Name,"] Data=[",Data,"]
Type=[",Type,"]"
    except:
        break
win32api.RegCloseKey(aKey)[/code:1:8bb6fccb25]

This is the program output:

[code:1:8bb6fccb25]Index=( 0 ) Name=[ header ]
Data=[ &w&bPage &p of &P ] Type=[ 1
]
Index=( 1 ) Name=[ footer ] Data=[
&u&b&d ] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 2 ) Name=[ margin_bottom ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 3 ) Name=[ margin_left ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 4 ) Name=[ margin_right ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ]
Index=( 5 ) Name=[ margin_top ] Data=[ 0.750000
] Type=[ 1 ][/code:1:8bb6fccb25]

The latter program will trap any error resulting from trying to
retrieve the key values.  What I want to do is to specifically trap
the error denoting that there is no more data available so I can
continue executing more code as oppose to aborting the program.  if
the error is something other than no more data available, then I want
to abort the program with an error message.

What code is needed to specifically trap the "no more data is
available" error?

Thank you in advance for your help!



From stefita at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 14:57:16 2006
From: stefita at gmail.com (Stefka)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:57:16 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC server-client communication
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7818.1152117332.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7818.1152117332.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152125836.098460.38870@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

thanx for the hint :)! I ran a port scan and it turned out, that the
port was realy closed.
Thanx again!

greetz,
Stefka

Laszlo Nagy wrote:

> Please go to the machine where you php program resides, and check if the
> server is not blocked by firewall rules. For example, do
>
> telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 22999
>
> If it does not connect, then the problem is with your network or
> firewall settings. (I thought this is the most probable...)
> 
> Best,
> 
>    Laszlo



From quentel.pierre at wanadoo.fr  Wed Jul  5 14:18:16 2006
From: quentel.pierre at wanadoo.fr (Pierre Quentel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:18:16 -0700
Subject: Generating multiple lists from one list
References: <mailman.7805.1152096173.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152123496.791852.63920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

# first step : build a dictionary mapping the objects
# to all possible ids

alist = ['a.1','b.3','b.4','c.2','c.6','d.3']
elts = {}
for item in alist:
    obj=item.split('.')[0]
    if elts.has_key(obj):
        elts[obj].append(item)
    else:
        elts[obj] = [item]

# then build the Python code that will iterate
# on all the possible values

ks = elts.keys()
ks.sort()

p_code = ''
for i,k in enumerate(ks):
    p_code += i*' ' + "for item%s in elts['%s']:\n" %(i,k)
p_code += len(ks)*' '+'print ['+','.join([ "item%s" %i
    for i,k in enumerate(ks) ])+']'

# print the code
print p_code

>for item0 in elts['a']:
> for item1 in elts['b']:
>  for item2 in elts['c']:
>   for item3 in elts['d']:
>    print [item0,item1,item2,item3]

# execute this code
exec p_code

>['a.1', 'b.3', 'c.2', 'd.3']
>['a.1', 'b.3', 'c.6', 'd.3']
>['a.1', 'b.4', 'c.2', 'd.3']
>['a.1', 'b.4', 'c.6', 'd.3']

It works, but there are probably more elegant ways to do it

Just a question : in your message you say that 'a.1' and 'b.1' can not
exist together, but in the example there are lists with both 'b.3' and
'd.3' : should such lists be filtered ?

Regards,
Pierre



From mweill at nac.net  Tue Jul 25 12:43:55 2006
From: mweill at nac.net (Maxine Weill)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:43:55 -0400
Subject: simple question
Message-ID: <200607251243.55760.mweill@nac.net>

I need to install Python Imaging Library (PIL) - imaging-1.1.5.tar.gz 
(source ) onto Suse Linux 10.1 system in order for (latest) Scribus 1.3.3.2  
to install and work.

Plesae indicate how I perform PIL install (exact commands/procedures)  in 
manner where files are "automatically" placed in proper directories, etc.

Your "urgent" assistance is appreciated.
Thanks,


Wendell Anderson
wanderson at nac.net

or
mweill at nac.net


From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Sun Jul  9 16:35:09 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:35:09 +0200
Subject: array of array of float
In-Reply-To: <e8rp8e$eql$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e8rp8e$eql$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <e8rp9t$eql$2@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Sch?le Daniel schrieb:
> Summercoolness at gmail.com schrieb:
>> i used C too much and haven't used Python for a while...
>>
>> like in C, if we want an array of array of float, we use
>>
>> float a[200][500];
>>
>> now in Python, seems like we have to do something like
>>
>> a = [ [ ] ] * 200
>>
>> and then just use
>>
>> a[1].append(12.34)   etc
>>
>> but it turns out that all 200 elements points to the same list...
>> and i have to use
>>
>> a = [ ]
>> for i in range (0, 200):
>>     a.append([ ])
>>
>> is there a simpler way... i wonder...
> 
> a = [[] for in range(200)]

correction :)

a = [[] for i in range(200)]


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 09:30:40 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 06:30:40 -0700
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf2500$0$26263$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
	<1153401328.619315.88100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153402240.665251.304170@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Anoop wrote:
> Thanks Stefen
>
> let me be more specific how would i have to write the following
> function in the deprecated format
>
> map(string.lower,list)
>
> Thanks Anoop

Ah.  This is easy enough:

lower_list = [s.lower() for s in str_list]

Or, if you really like map() (or really don't like list comprehensions
;P ) you could use this:

lower_list = map(lambda s : s.lower(), str_list)


Hope this helps,
~Simon



From normt at hawaii.rr.com  Wed Jul 12 22:12:49 2006
From: normt at hawaii.rr.com (normt)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 16:12:49 -1000
Subject: Find and Delete all files with .xxx extension
Message-ID: <000501c6a621$d7659c50$f82fa518@DCM0T511>

Please do so.
-------------- next part --------------
An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
URL: <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/attachments/20060712/1688e7c3/attachment.html>
-------------- next part --------------
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Free Edition.
Version: 7.1.394 / Virus Database: 268.9.10/386 - Release Date: 07/12/2006

From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 26 20:22:17 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:22:17 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
References: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153959737.908147.51620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

maphew at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I have some lists for which I need to remove duplicates. I found the
> sets.Sets() module which does exactly this

I think you mean that you found the sets.Set() constructor in the set
module.
If you are using Python 2.4, use the built-in set() function instead.
If you are using Python 2.3, consider upgrading if you can.

> but how do I get the set
> back out again?


>
> # existing input: A,B,B,C,D
> # desired result: A,B,C,D
>
> import sets
> dupes = ['A','B','B','C','D']
> clean = sets.Set(dupes)
>
> out = open('clean-list.txt','w')
> out.write(clean)
> out.close
>
> ---
> out.write(clean) fails with "TypeError: argument 1 must be string or
> read-only character buffer, not Set"

as expected

> and out.write( str(clean) )
> creates "Set(['A', 'C', 'B', 'D'])" instead of just A,B,C,D.

again as expected.

BTW, in practice you'd probably want to append '\n' to the string that
you're writing.

You should be able to get a (possibly unsorted) list of the contents of
*any* container like this (but note that dictionaries divulge only
their keys):

>>> dupes = ['A','B','B','C','D']
>>> clean = set(dupes) # the Python 2.4+ way
>>> clean
set(['A', 'C', 'B', 'D'])
>>> [x for x in clean]
['A', 'C', 'B', 'D']
>>>

list(clean) would work as well.

If you want the output sorted, then use the list.sort() method. Details
in the manual.

HTH,
John



From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 10:39:20 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:39:20 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1153319960.706566.17650@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Salerno wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>
> > Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
> > the problem with inheritance or a meta class?
>
>  From my experience with C#, the only real use for partial classes is
> when you want to separate your GUI code from the rest of your logic. But
> since GUI programming in Python isn't always done, this isn't as big of
> a deal.

Experiences have the tendency to differ.

What about letting your teammates editing certain data-structures in
different files ( physical modules ) but using them in a uniform way
and enable a single access point. If you have partial classes there is
no reason why your team has to share a large file where they have to
edit a single class but break the class into different parts and edit
the parts separately. No one has to care for including any module
because the CLR fits all partial classes together at compile time. I
find this quite amazing.

> Aside from that, if you really need to split up your classes, it's
> probably an indication that you could create multiple classes instead,
> right?

Just infrastructure overhead. I thought people are Pythonistas here and
not Java minds?



From david_wahler at bic.ky  Fri Jul 28 09:36:52 2006
From: david_wahler at bic.ky (david_wahler at bic.ky)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 08:36:52 -0500
Subject: =?utf-8?Q?Re:_New_release_of_Diet_Python_=28Beta_0.2=29?=
Message-ID: <20060728133652.7302.qmail@BICSRV1011.bic.ky>

I'll be out of the office until approximately August 20th. If you have any questions, please email support at bic.ky.

-- David Wahler




From will at willmcgugan.com  Thu Jul 20 08:00:08 2006
From: will at willmcgugan.com (Will McGugan)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 05:00:08 -0700
Subject: wxPython: wxStaticBitmap and large images
In-Reply-To: <1153351658.543245.289830@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153351658.543245.289830@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153396808.549812.142080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Roger Miller wrote:
> I have a WxPython app that displays images that are typically around
> 600x600 pixels. I use a wxStaticBitmap, which appears to work fine on
> Windows XP. However the documentation states that a StaticBitmap "...
> is meant for display of the small icons in the dialog boxes and is not
> meant to be a general purpose image display control. In particular,
> under Windows 9x the size of bitmap is limited to 64*64 pixels and thus
> you should use your own control if you want to display larger images
> portably".
>
> Assuming that I don't care about Windows 9X, should I be worried? Is
> there a better way to display images, hopefully without diving down
> into the device context level?

I would just roll your own control. Its not too complicated. Just
derive from a wxWindow and in your WM_PAINT hander, draw your bitmap.

An alternative may be to place your bitmap in html and use a
wxHtmlWindow to display it.

Will McGugan
--
http://www.willmcgugan.com



From vasudevram at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 12:41:49 2006
From: vasudevram at gmail.com (vasudevram)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 09:41:49 -0700
Subject: GUIDE: Using xtopdf to create PDF from text and DBF files (including
	creating simple PDF e-books)
Message-ID: <1153586509.621031.56270@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Hi,

I'm giving below, steps to install and use my xtopdf PDF
creation/conversion toolkit.

This post is for end-users. xtopdf is both a set of end-user tools and
a library for use by developers, to create PDF from various input
formats.
I'll post another message here about how developers can use it in
various ways, sometime later.

The steps are for the Windows platform. Will do another post for Linux.

1. Get Python v2.4.3 here:
http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.4.3/python-2.4.3.msi
Size is not more than 10 MB. Install it - its an MSI, so just
double-click.

(Any Python version >= 2.2 will work for xtopdf).

2. Get Reportlab open source version 1.21 here:
http://www.reportlab.org/ftp/ReportLab_1_21.tgz

Size is not more than 3 MB.

(Don't use ReportLab 2.0 although it is available. I've not yet tested
xtopdf with it. ReportLab 1.21 is the latest stable version in the
version 1 series.)

Install it following the instructions in the README file.
It should be straightforward. The main points to take care of are:

2.1 First, before installing ReportLab, run Python once (you may have
to add the dir. where Python got installed, say C:\Python24, to your
PATH variable first). Once that dir. is added to your PATH (preferably
via Control Panel), open a DOS prompt.
At this prompt, type:

python

This should start the Python interpreter. You will get a one or two
line message with the Python version, and then the Python interpreter
prompt.

2.2. At this prompt, type the following two lines:

import sys
print sys.path

This should display a list of all the dirs. that are in the Python PATH
- an internal Python variable that gets set automatically, upon startup
of the interpreter, to a set of default dirs. This variable is
analogous to the DOS PATH variable. In this list of dirs., look for
"C:\Python24\lib\site-packages" as one of the dirs. It should be there
by default.

If it is there, then exit the Python interpreter by typing Ctrl-Z and
Enter.

3. Now install Reportlab:

Unzip the ReportLab_1_21.tgz file with WinZip, into some folder, say
c:\reportlab.
This will create a folder called either:
a) reportlab_1.21 with a folder called reportlab under it
or
b) just a folder called reportlab.

If a), then move the reportlab folder (which is under reportlab_1.21)
to under C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages .
If b), then move the reportlab folder to under
C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages.

The above steps should make ReportLab work.

An alternative way is to just unzip the reportlab  .tgz file into some
folder, say, C:\RL, and then create a file called, say, reportlab.pth,
which contains just one line - the path to this folder where the
extracted contents get stored.e.g. C:\RL\reportlab . Please check that
step out (in the ReportLab .tgz file's  README file for the exact
details).

4. After the above steps, to check that Reportlab works, go to a DOS
prompt again, run python again as before, and then at the Python
prompt, enter either or both of the following commands (on separate
lines):

import reportlab

from reportlab import pdfgen

If either or both of these above commands work (and if there is no
error message), it means that Reportlab is properly installed.

5. Now you can install xtopdf.

Get xtopdf here: http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtopdf (click on the
green rectangle which says "Download Conversion of other formats to
PDF".
After downloading the file, unzip it into a folder, say c:\temp. This
will create a folder called xtopdf-1.0 under C:\temp.
Go to that folder.

There are many Python programs here with extension .py.

To run, e.g., WritePDF.py, do this:

python WritePDF.py some_file.txt

This will run it and the output will be a file called some_file.pdf.
Try opening it in Adobe Reader.

Similarly try running some more programs:

python DBFReader.py test1.dbf (or test2.dbf or test3.dbf or test4.dbf -
all of which are in the package)

This should read the DBF file and display its metadata (file header and
field headers) and data records to standard output - the screen.

python DBFToPDF.py test1.dbf  test1.pdf

This should do the same as the above (DBFReader.py), except that
instead of the output going to the screen, it will go to a file called
test1.pdf.

And so on, try out a few others. Most of all of the programs can be run
as "python prog_name.py". Some require one or
more command-line arguments (all of them require at least one
command-line argument, at least an input file).
Some of them give usage messages if you run them without any
command-line arguments, but this is not necessarily the case for
all of them, nor are the messages always user-friendly enough - I'm
working on fixing that in the next release. (Developers who have at
least
a working knowledge of Python should be easily able to figure out the
usage, though, just by reading the start of the main() function for
each program -
the part where the code checks the command-line arguments.)

But you should be able to run at least a few of them like this.

Be sure to try running this one also:

python PDFBook.py book1.pdf book1.txt

This one reads a list of chapter file names (where each chapter is one
.txt file) and corresponding chapter titles, from the 2nd
argument book1.txt, and creates a PDF e-book out of all the chapters
combined, using the chapter title as the heading for each page.
This is a very quick and simple way of creating simple PDF e-books from
a set of chapters, one chapter per text file.

Post a message here if you encounter any problems.

HTH
Vasudev
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vasudev Ram
Software training and consulting
Custom utility development
http://www.dancingbison.com
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 06:55:15 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 03:55:15 -0700
Subject: When is Django going to...
In-Reply-To: <44c5f3d1$0$6512$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153823032.615318.8610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c5f3d1$0$6512$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153824915.290185.19060@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> > support Oracle and MS SQL Server? I just realized that's gonna be a big
> > blow for my case against RoR because we use both databases almost
> > exclusively, we don't use any of Django supported database actually.
> >
> > I did a search and found that there was an Oracle support
> > committed--but is it going to make it into any release any time soon?
> >
>
> You'd probably get better answers on Django's mailing-list ?

Er, yes. That was silly of me. Thanks Bruno!

Sorry everyone,
Ray

>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul 24 03:48:31 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 19:48:31 +1200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<1153582976.746036.312330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea1tv4$coh$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <1153582976.746036.312330 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>,
bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:

> Python has no threadicide method, and its absence is not an
> oversight. Threads often have important business left to do, such
> as releasing locks on shared data; killing them at arbitrary times
> tends to leave the system in an inconsistent state.

Perhaps another reason to avoid threads and use processes instead?


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul 12 08:15:04 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 22:15:04 +1000
Subject: Last used directory?
References: <mailman.8068.1152703762.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.12.12.15.03.407268@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Wed, 12 Jul 2006 07:29:18 -0400, Michael Yanowitz wrote:

>     but instead of having initialdir='.' (current directory), I
> would like it set to the last visited directory, which can be from a
> previous run or even a previous day. Is that possible? If so how?

Every time you open a file, save the directory in a global variable. Then
instead of passing '.' as initialdir, pass that saved directory.

That will work while you're in the same session. To remember the last
visited directory from one session to the next, you'll need to write it to
some sort of permanent storage like a configuration file.

You'll also need to check what happens if the saved directory no longer
exists.


-- 
Steven.



From bborcic at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 09:25:24 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:25:24 +0200
Subject: array alice of [:-0] ??
In-Reply-To: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1153228125_51702@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44bce162_2@news.bluewin.ch>

guthrie wrote:
> Beginner question! :-)
> 
> x=[1,2,3,4]
> for i in range(len(x)):
>    print x[:-i]
> 
>  >>> []
>  >>> [1,2,3]
>  >>> [1,2]
>  >>> [1]
> 
> 1) The x[:-0] result seems inconsistent to me;
>     I get the idea that -0=0, so it is taken as x[:0] -> []

that's what you get.

> 2) how then should one do this basic left-recursive subsetting (easily).

I am not sure what you mean, but replacing x[:-i] by x[:len(x)-i] you will get 
continuous behavior at i==0.


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 18:58:57 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 00:58:57 +0200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.15.22.58.57.735560@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yi Xing wrote:

> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #). 
> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast 
> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.

Don't know how efficient the `linecache` module in the standard library is
implemented but you might have a look at it.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From maric at aristote.info  Wed Jul 12 02:50:01 2006
From: maric at aristote.info (Maric Michaud)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:50:01 +0200
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <1152685021.872293.215260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<3m19b25n7u0luopmbc9fvdeoj3d1os75ug@4ax.com>
	<1152685021.872293.215260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607120850.02173.maric@aristote.info>

Le mercredi 12 juillet 2006 08:17, iapain a ?crit?:
>
> I'm having currently working on OS/2 and Linux platform, I've designed
> a web based ide for python and i wish to restrict some commands

There is a restricted environment in Zope for TTW python scripts and 
ZPT/DTML .

These scripts are run in the Zope process in a very restricted environment 
which forbid the use of most builtins and allow the import of a limited list 
of modules.

Why don't use the RestrictedPython module from Zope (2.8 and up) and adapt it 
a bit. It seems loose coupled to the Zope internals (except for the 
multimapping class which is an extension class, but I doubt it's really a 
problem). It shouldn't be a too hard.

You'll need to make your own AccessControl/ZopeGuards.py-like module, and 
probably subclass the RestrictionMutator  to enable/disable certain 
functionnality (interdiction of names beginning by '_' for example is hard 
coded).
At last, you will get a simple example of the usage of the whole beast from 
your own interpreter in Products/PythonScripts.


> and 
> user can only access i.e rwx in his folder.
>

This should be possible by providing a wrapper function for file and open (see 
the Guards.py module).

IMO, it worth to be tried, and I don't see any other short-term, less hacky, 
solution.

regards,

-- 
_____________

Maric Michaud
_____________

Aristote - www.aristote.info
3 place des tapis
69004 Lyon
Tel: +33 426 880 097


From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Wed Jul 12 06:40:54 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:40:54 +0100
Subject: Progress Bars in python
Message-ID: <44B4D1B6.5040508@gmail.com>

Hi,
   I've written a script which backs up a huge bunch of files, but I 
don't want the script to output the file names as it does this as it 
clutters the screen, I only output errors.

So in order to see that the script is working and not stuck, I'd like to 
implement some kind of progress bar or something, perhaps like the 
spinning thing that you often see in linux or freebsd consisting of 
switching / - \ | on the spot to get the appearance of a spinning 
bar.... I can figure out that the spinning bar is done by switching 
these four chars but I don't know how they get each char to replace the 
last one instead of printing them in succession.

Does anybody have any good suggestions about what the best way of doing 
this or any other suggestions for the best ways to show that the script 
is processing...?


Hari


From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 16:29:56 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 13:29:56 -0700
Subject: Proposal for new option -U extending -u
In-Reply-To: <1154199125.123751.37360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154199125.123751.37360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154204996.640758.116060@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


James Thiele wrote:
> Currently -u specifies that stdin, stdout and stderr are all
> unbuffered. I propose a that -U make all files unbuffered. It could be
> useful for programs that log to files.
>
> Comments solicited.

'-U' is already taken (for unicode only strings). Other than that I
have no opinion (don't think I'd use it...).

All the best,


Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From taleinat at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 10:19:32 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 07:19:32 -0700
Subject: Mechanize-Browser question..
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7929.1152373325.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7929.1152373325.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152454772.813905.95470@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
>   r2 = br.follow_link(url_regex=re.compile(r"\*"),nr=1)   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Seems to me your regex is buggy. You are using a "raw string" yet you
still escape the asterisk ('*') with a backslash? This will only match
a string which contains an asterisk, while I'm guessing you're tring to
match all strings.

Try removing the backslash.


P.S. In future postings, be more verbose: What are you trying to do?
What is the unexpected behavior that you are seeing? etc.

- Tal



From http  Mon Jul  3 01:47:14 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 05:47:14 GMT
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set
	[withPython3000 in mind]
References: <mailman.7715.1151902843.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7x64ifdyu5.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"Delaney, Timothy (Tim)" <tdelaney at avaya.com> writes:
> If you want an independent data set, you have to take a snapshot. For
> the above, that's doing:
> 
>     k0 = list(d.keys())

I don't understand.  Why have .keys() at all, if it doesn't get you
an independent data set?  If all you want is to iterate through the
dict, you can already do that:

  for k in d: ....


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 13:54:59 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 10:54:59 -0700
Subject: import from containing folder
In-Reply-To: <ONNxg.15501$2u4.1467@trnddc06>
References: <nyLxg.11448$yN3.708@trnddc04>
	<1153928975.924299.250180@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3wNxg.15497$2u4.15231@trnddc06> <ONNxg.15501$2u4.1467@trnddc06>
Message-ID: <1153936499.164134.253430@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


David Isaac wrote:
> Alan wrote:
> > I do not want to make any assumptions about
> > this particular package being on sys.path.
> > (I want a relative import, but cannot assume 2.5.)
>
>
> I should mention that to get around this I have
> been using
> sys.path.append(os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[0])
> in the script I care most about.  It works,
> but seems like a hack.
>
> Thanks,
> Alan Isaac

Hack or not, that's what I would do.  In fact I have done that.  I hope
if there's a better way that someone will post it here.  ;-)

Peace,
~Simon



From akameswaran at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:08:31 2006
From: akameswaran at gmail.com (akameswaran at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:08:31 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152716911.537563.65860@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


D wrote:
> Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
> if any changes were made by just editing the text file?  I want to do
> this project the right way, but if it's going to be a big pain to
> implement the edit function, just modifying the text file directly
> isn't that big of a deal..
have you used pickle?  if the data is as simple as you say it is, you
will be able to read the pickle file.  2nd, it will be a lot less code
really.  You just load and unpickle the file into a variable.  After
any edit in the gui, repickle it to the same file.  You would have to
do the same if you edited the text file, except you would need a couple
of lines code to parse the string, etc.

check here for a simple example :
http://wiki.python.org/moin/UsingPickle

>
> akameswaran at gmail.com wrote:
> > D wrote:
> > > Hi, I currently have a Python app with a Tkinter GUI frontend that I
> > > use for system administration.  Everytime it launches, it reads a text
> > > file which contains info about each host I wish to monitor - each field
> > > (such as IP, hostname, etc.) is delimited by !!.  Now, I want to be
> > > able to edit host information from within the GUI - what would  be the
> > > best way to go about this?  Basically I just need to either edit the
> > > original host line, or write a new host line and delete the
> > > original..thanks!
> >
> > Might be overkill - but pickle the  data memeber that contains the
> > information.  If you use text instead of binary pickling it should
> > still be editable by hand.  for a single line of text it may be a bit
> > much - but it's still probably quicker than opening a file, parsing
> > etc.



From nfrevol at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul 25 06:01:05 2006
From: nfrevol at yahoo.fr (frevol nicolas)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:01:05 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: csv file or sqlite ?
Message-ID: <20060725100106.95145.qmail@web26501.mail.ukl.yahoo.com>

hi,

I am programming a filter for websites. to check if an
url is in the blacklist, i have used a csv file. i
have try to use sqlite but it looks as fast as csv
files.

Can you tell me if sqlite is faster than csv files ?
or not ?

thanks


	

	
		
___________________________________________________________________________ 
D?couvrez un nouveau moyen de poser toutes vos questions quelque soit le sujet ! 
Yahoo! Questions/R?ponses pour partager vos connaissances, vos opinions et vos exp?riences. 
http://fr.answers.yahoo.com 



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Wed Jul 26 12:58:37 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:58:37 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xlkqg9upi.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44C79F3D.2030909@mvista.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> writes:
>   
>> The problem I have is a large distributed system, that's the reality
>> of it.  The short summary, I need to use and control 100+ machines in
>> a computing farm.  They all need to share memory or to actively
>> communicate with each other via some other mechanism.  Without giving
>> any other details, that's the problem I have to solve.
>>     
>
> Have you looked at POSH yet?   http://poshmodule.sf.net
>
> There's also an shm module that's older and maybe more reliable.
> Or you might be able to just use mmap.
>   
I'm looking at POSH, shm, and stackless right now! :-)

Thanks!

-carl

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From bayazee at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 17:15:46 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 14:15:46 -0700
Subject: =?utf-8?q?Re:_Converting_a_web_to_pdf_or_..=E2=80=8D?=
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8501.1153787719.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153313239.209198.104070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8501.1153787719.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153862146.112462.202010@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Colin J. Williams wrote:
> You might consider using OpenOffice and talking to it through PyUno.
>
> Colin W.

Hi
TanX for replies ...
i want to use it in linux server so i havent OOO or ... other X program
. i want a way similer this :
http://www.easysw.com/htmldoc/
u can test it here :
http://www.easysw.com/htmldoc/pdf-o-matic.php

------------------------------------------------------
Iranian Python Community : www.python.ir



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 13:41:11 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 18:41:11 +0100
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9gi3p$39t$1@sea.gmane.org>

tac-tics wrote:
>>Or even just:
>>
>>lst = []
>>
>>;-)
> 
> 
> Indeed.
> 
> I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
> live dedicated boolean data types.
> 
Take them off to where they belong!

I'll bet you still write

if a>3 == True:

don't you ;-)

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 04:07:45 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 03:07:45 -0500
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
In-Reply-To: <1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9fgg9$d50$1@sea.gmane.org>

Arash Partow wrote:
> That said, I believe at least one (most likely more) of
> the hash functions in the group above will most always work
> better (ala less collisions) than the standard default hash
> available in the built-in dict for any random set of strings.
> 
> Please feel free to prove me wrong :)

You have it backwards. You are the one making the positive assertion. You get to 
prove yourself correct.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From wollez at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 08:27:13 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 14:27:13 +0200
Subject: NB question on global/local variables in functions
In-Reply-To: <e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <e9ahit$s9u$1@sea.gmane.org>	<17592.55073.411381.82420@montanaro.dyndns.org>
	<e9aldu$5io$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e9amuv$914$1@sea.gmane.org>

Wolfgang schrieb:
>> First, avoid "from function import *" as it pollutes your namespace.  Either
>> import specific symbols or just the module:
>>
>>     from function import fun, fun1
>>     import function
> 
> thanks for the hint! But what is the difference between
> from module import *
> 	and
> import module
> ?
> 

I've figured it out!

when I use "from module import *" then I can call my functions directly

when I use "import module" I need module.function



From barberomarcelo at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:24:15 2006
From: barberomarcelo at gmail.com (barberomarcelo at gmail.com)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 21:24:15 -0700
Subject: Add a method to the int class
Message-ID: <1152505455.432235.275880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

How can I add a method to the int class?



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Wed Jul 26 05:17:35 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 02:17:35 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
Message-ID: <1153905454.965203.262870@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joe Knapka wrote:
>
> Steve Yegge's "Opinionated Elf" is an example of a problem
> that is very easy and elegant to solve with open classes,
> and painful to solve when classes are closed:
> http://www.cabochon.com/~stevey/blog-rants/polymorphism-fails.html

For some value of "elegant", I suppose:

"But the real problem, the one that really gets me, is that your code
is going in and distributing itself across all the classes in the
system. It feels like a violation of encapsulation."

Paul



From dd at accentsolution.com  Thu Jul 20 17:01:08 2006
From: dd at accentsolution.com (Danil Dotsenko)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:01:08 -0700
Subject: ConfigParser: what read('non-existent-filename') returns in 2.3.x?
References: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>
	<mailman.8385.1153423817.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <YdSvg.2085$8Y2.518@fe03.lga>

Chris Lambacher wrote:
> On Thu, Jul 20, 2006 at 10:50:40AM -0700, Danil Dotsenko wrote:
>> Wrote a little "user-friedly" wrapper for ConfigParser for a KDE's
>> SuperKaramba widget.
>> (http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=32185)
>> 
>> I was using 2.4.x python docs as reference and
>> ConfigParser.read('non-existent-filename') returns [] in 2.4.x
> http://docs.python.org/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
> That agrees with the docs since read returns a list of successfully parsed
> filenames.  Note the docs also say this was added in 2.4.

I just looked at the 
http://www.python.org/doc/2.3.5/lib/RawConfigParser-objects.html
(note the version number) and see the following:
"If none of the named files exist, the ConfigParser instance will contain an
empty dataset." Which to me means []. To the least of it, the statement
should be clarified, but I would still kindly prefer to have someone
respond / confirm the procedure bellow gives different results in 2.3.x.

>> >>> import ConfigParser
>> >>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
>> >>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
>> >>> a, len(a), type(a)
>> ([], 0, <type 'list'>)

Thx in advance.





From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:26:43 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:26:43 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<roy-5F2CB3.09353926072006@reader2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1153945603.104682.178380@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Roy Smith wrote:
> "thebjorn" <bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> >   def age(born):
> >       now = date.today()
> >       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
> >       return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)
>
> I don't get that last line.  There's two things in particular that are
> puzzling me.
>
> 1) What does "birthday > now" mean?  It sounds like you haven't been born
> yet.

I'm making a (perhaps tenous) semantic distinction between birthdate,
the date you were born on, and birthday, an annual event that may or
may not have happened yet this year :-)

> 2) I find the "and 1 or 0" part very confusing.  I can't remember all the
> minor rules about operator precedence, but I'm sure this works out to some
> clever hack involving boolean short-circuit evaluation to get around the
> lack of a ternary operator in python.

You're correct :-)  the line was originally:

    return now.year - born.year - (1 if birthday > now else 0)

which gave a nice traceback on the production server that didn't have
2.5 on it :-(  The and/or short-circuit is a fairly well established
(yet divisive) pydiom, and I was going to say something about people
really ought to learn a few simple precedence rules, but then I
realized the parenthesis aren't needed in the above <ehm..>  The
parenthesis are needed in a version someone else mentioned:

    return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now)

but I wouldn't write that, just like I wouldn't write 1 + True..

> If I need to pull out the reference manual to decipher what an expression means,
> it's too complicated.

Nah, that's a little too restrictive I think. I will agree that the
and/or is more cute than functional, at least in this case. Since it
could also throw, how about:

  def yeardiff(a, b):
      y = a.year - b.year
      if (a.month, a.day) < (b.month, b.day): # tuple comparison
          y -= 1
      return y

  def age(born): return yeardiff(date.today(), born)

> if birthday > now:
>    return now.year - born.year - 1
> else:
>    return now.year - born.year

I prefer to hoist the common expression out of the branches so they
don't have an opportunity to get out of sync, but I get your point.

-- bjorn



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 12:28:37 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 09:28:37 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Or even just:
>
> lst = []
>
> ;-)

Indeed.

I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
live dedicated boolean data types.



From thorley at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:57:25 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:57:25 -0700
Subject: inheritance, types, operator overload, head ache
In-Reply-To: <1152540863.666888.282830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44aef9ad$0$16636$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152540863.666888.282830@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152644245.813545.221820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


> > > Can some one *please* splain me why str(obj) works but not print obj,
> >
> > May have something to do with escape chars... I tried with:
> >    def __str__(self):
> >       return repr(self)

Yes, that appears to be correct. Experiments indicated that it's an
issue with escaping.


> > What you want here is to first create the instance, and only then bind
> > to it:
> >
> >      def __new__(cls, val):
> >          if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
> >              val = struct.unpack('B', val)
> >          _byte = struct.pack('B', val)
> >          self = str.__new__(cls, _byte)
> >          self._byte = _byte
> >          self._int = int(val)
> >          return self

Oh, I see. I tried that and it worked well, but the broken int(obj) is
too annoying. I've decided to just implement the needed str methods
myself, and inherit from object. This means join will be broken, so
I'll have to do ''.join(map(str, (b0, b1))), which, for my purposes is
probably the best compromise.

Thanks again
--
matthew



From konrad.hinsen at laposte.net  Tue Jul 18 17:44:30 2006
From: konrad.hinsen at laposte.net (konrad.hinsen at laposte.net)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 23:44:30 +0200
Subject: ScientificPython - LeastSquareFit diverges
In-Reply-To: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <6C0CF86C-0FC7-4D25-ABCB-6B4A3FB47FE9@laposte.net>

On 18.07.2006, at 15:59, Harold Fellermann wrote:

>>>> def powerlaw((a,b),x) :
> ...     return a*x**b

Fitting power laws is a tricky business, you need a pretty good  
initial guess to get convergence.

> Note that I could easily fit the above data using gnuplots internal
> fitting procedure. Any idea what is going wrong here? Is it a known
> problem? Are there any work arounds or other packages?

My suggestion is to fit, at least as a first step, the logarithms of  
your data points:

import Numeric as N

def powerlaw_log((a, b), x) :
     return N.log(a) + b*N.log(x)

params1, chisq = leastSquaresFit(powerlaw_log, (10., -3.),
                                 [(x, N.log(y)) for x, y, sigma in  
data])


You can then use those parameters as starting values for fitting your  
original problem:

params2, chisq = leastSquaresFit(powerlaw, params1, data)

Doing this for your data yields:

params1: [9469.9675999067185, -2.0881423620750521]

params2: [1591.4025775162165, -1.0112284948049179]

The big difference between the two fits is a further indicator for a  
stability problem. I would trust the first set more than the second one.

As a general rule, the model to be fitted should be a smoothly  
varying function of the parameters, and the same should be true for  
the derivatives.

The second general rule is never to trust a non-linear fit algorithm  
blindly. Look at your data first, see if the model can be a good fit,  
and play with some paramater values to get a feeling for how they  
influence the fit. Plotting your data set, it is immediately clear  
that the first point ruins any nice power law behaviour. You might  
thus prefer to do the fit without the first point, and you will get a  
much better defined exponent:

	params1: [31363.301954929859, -2.4047303053979046]
	params2: [182522.2346197216, -2.9893640209815757]

Plotting the models corresponding to these two sets together with the  
data, you will see that everything coincides well for large x values,  
meaning that the first two points make all the difference - another  
pointer towards a lack of stability in the fit.

Konrad.
--
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Konrad Hinsen
Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
Saint Aubin - BP 48
91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
E-Mail: hinsen at cnrs-orleans.fr
---------------------------------------------------------------------




From rhymes at myself.com  Thu Jul  6 05:41:03 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 11:41:03 +0200
Subject: Is there a Python __LINE__ ?
References: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>
Message-ID: <1hi1xs1.qzcqoj16z5q52N%rhymes@myself.com>

Rolf Wester <rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de> wrote:

> 
> is there a Python aquivalent to the C __LINE__?

I found this in the archives:
http://groups.google.it/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/315e
f9451067a320/87785edf569c1e96?q=current+line&rnum=2#87785edf569c1e96

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 21:54:29 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 18:54:29 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152582869.586707.277060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


alimoe wrote:
> > Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?
>
> whats the difference?


Genetic Programming:
is an automated methodology inspired by biological evolution to find
computer programs that best perform a user-defined task.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Programming

Genetic Algorithms: search technique used in computer science to find
approximate solutions to optimization and search problems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithms



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 17:26:26 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:26:26 -0700
Subject: Looking for a regular expression for this...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8680.1154118615.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8680.1154118615.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154121986.564021.136680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> Hi,
>     My string is a multi line string that contains "filename
>     <filename>\n" and "host <host>\n" entries among other things.
>
>     For example: s = """ filename X
>                     host hostname1
>                     blah...
>                     host hostname2
>                     blah...
>                     filename Y
>                     host hostname3
>                     """
> Given a host name, I would like to get its filename (The closest
> filename reading backwards from the host line). I could read each line
> until I hit the host name, but I am looking for an RE that will do job.

Looking for? REs don't lurk in the undergrowth waiting to be found. You
will need to write one (unless some misguided person spoon-feeds you).
What have you tried so far?

> The answer should be "Y" for host hostname3 and "X" for either host
> hostname1 or hostname2.
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 
> --Malahal.



From dnew at san.rr.com  Tue Jul 11 12:30:39 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:30:39 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
	<MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <PmQsg.23044$Z67.11504@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Specialized 
> language already exist that reliably (as in, all the time) move array 
> bounds checking to compile time; 

It sounds like this means the programmer has to code up what it means to 
index off an array, yes? Otherwise, I can't imagine how it would work.

x := read_integer_from_stdin();
write_to_stdout(myarray[x]);

What does the programmer have to do to implement this semantic in the 
sort of language you're talking about? Surely something somewhere along 
the line has to  "fail" (for some meaning of failure) at run-time, yes?

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Mon Jul 17 15:51:02 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 12:51:02 -0700
Subject: unicode html
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn3hk.9kh.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153161092.684779.270680@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebnm8h.5i7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153165862.509280.285230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Jim enlightened us with:
> > For example, I am programming a script that makes html pages, but I
> > do not have the ability to change the "Content-Type .. charset=.."
> > line that is sent preceeding those pages.
>
> "line"? Are you talking about the HTTP header? If it is wrong, it
> should be corrected. If you are in control of the content, you should
> also be control of the Content-Type header. Otherwise, use a <meta>
> tag that describes the content.
Ah, but I cannot change it.  It is not my machine and the folks who own
the machine perceive that the charset line that they use is the right
one for them.  (Many people ship pages off this machine.)

Unfortunately, the <meta> tag idea also does not fly: see
  http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/charset.html
in section 5.2.2 where it states that in a contest the charset
parameter wins.

My only point is that things are complicated and that there are times
when HTML entities are the answer (or anyway, an answer).

Jim



From james at disorderfeed.net  Tue Jul  4 19:38:51 2006
From: james at disorderfeed.net (James Mitchelhill)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 00:38:51 +0100
Subject: Easier way to save result of a function?
Message-ID: <sxaw80585l08$.1l9uh4qx5nql6.dlg@40tude.net>

Sorry for the clunky subject line - I have a feeling that not knowing
the proper terms for this is part of my problem.

I'm trying to write a class that analyses some data. I only want it to
do as much work as necessary, so it saves method results to a
dictionary, like so:


class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = {}

    def doSomething(self):
        return self.data.setdefault("someresult", self._doSomething())

    def _doSomething(self):
         # heavy processing here
         result = 1
         return result

    def doMore(self):
        return self.data.setdefault("moreresult", self._doMore())

    def _doMore(self):
        # more heavy processing here
        return self.doSomething() + 1


This also seems kind of clunky. Is there a better way to acheive this?
Or is this the usual idiom for this kind of thing? I've looked at
decorators as they seem like they could be used for this, but I've no
idea how exactly, or even if they're the appropriate tool.

Thanks.

-- 
James Mitchelhill
james at disorderfeed.net
http://disorderfeed.net


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 19 21:43:24 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 18:43:24 -0700
Subject: function v. method
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> > At first I was going to post the following:
> >
> > <!-- beginning of my original post -->
> >
> (snip)
> >
> > <!-- end of my original post, with ending censored -->
> >
> > but then I tried this:
> >
> >
> >>>>res = Foo.__dict__['func']
> >>>>res is dan
> >
> > True
> >
> > And it all started to make sense. The surprising thing turned out to be
> > not so surprising: When the expression Foo.func gets evaluated, we get
> > a method which is just a wrapper around dan. Therefore, f is not dan!
> > This is still a little bit of magic,
>
> FWIW, the function class implements the descriptor protocol... Here's
> the "magic".
>
> > which gets me thinking again about
> > the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> > and unexpected in my case,
>
> "unexpected" ? Did you ever wondered how the instance or class was
> passed as first arg when doing method calls ?

Not knowing what's going on during method calls is exactly what
motivated me to post.

>
> > why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> > privates?
>
> What for ? What makes you think we need language-inforced access
> restriction ?

I knew someone would bring this up. The motivation would not be to
provide restriction, but to help maintain clean api's. If you intended
for users to use only a subset of the methods in your class, why not
help them learn your api by presenting the stuff they can use not along
side the stuff they should not?

Obviously, such things would be omitted from your docs, but users also
learn by interacting with Python, which is really one of Python's great
virtues. When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api
(I'm sure this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
interactive Python. This is exactly what it's there for. If nothing is
hidden, a user could be easily mislead to believe he can use a method
when he really shouldn't.

>
> (snip)
>
> > BTW, I am aware of Python's name mangling feature.
>
> Name mangling is mainly here to protect from accidental overridding. The
>  convention for implementation attributes is single-leading-underscore.
>
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Mon Jul 31 12:19:10 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:19:10 +0100 (BST)
Subject: Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
References: <mailman.8658.1154093256.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <6gd*FT4mr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

In article <mailman.8658.1154093256.27775.python-list at python.org>,
Ben Edwards (lists) <lists at videonetwork.org> wrote:
>I have been going through Dive into Python which up to now has been
>excellent.  I am now working through Chapter 9, XML Processing.  I am 9
>pages in (p182) in the 'Parsing XML section.  The following code is
>supposed to return the whole XML document (I have put ti at the end of
>this email):
>
>from xml.dom import minidom
> 
>xmldoc =
>minidom.parse('/home/ben/diveintopython-5.4/py/kgp/binary.xml') 
>grammerNode = xmldoc.firstChild
> 
>print grammerNode.toxml()
>
>But it only returns:
>
><!DOCTYPE grammar
>  PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
>  'kgp.dtd'>
>
>The next line is then 
>
>grammerNode.childNodes
>
>And it returns an empty tuples;(
>
>Kind of stuck here as I don't really want to continue.  Has anyone any
>idea what is going on?

OK, your xmldoc has two child nodes. The first is the <!DOCTYPE ... >
you're getting above. Which of course doesn't have any children, so
grammarNode.childNodes is naturally empty. The <grammar> element is
the *second* child of the xmldoc, so of course isn't xmldoc.firstChild.
Probably what you want is:

grammarNode = xmldoc.documentElement

Dive Into Python's assertion that "A Document always has only one
child node, the root element of the XML document" looks a little
off from where I'm standing:

>>> print xmldoc.toxml()
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE grammar
  PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN' 'kgp.dtd'>
<grammar>
<ref id="bit">
  <p>0</p>
  <p>1</p>
</ref>
<ref id="byte">
  <p><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/><xref id="bit"/></p>
</ref>
</grammar>
>>> xmldoc.childNodes
[<xml.dom.minidom.DocumentType instance at 0x4053640c>, <DOM Element: grammar at 0x40536f0c>]
>>>

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From nospam at invalid.com  Wed Jul 12 12:21:37 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 09:21:37 -0700
Subject: How to delete a Python package
Message-ID: <f_ydnXVGMPRfvCjZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Installing a Python package is easy, most of time just
"Setup.py install" However, setup.py doesn't seem to support
an uninstall command. If I want to delete a package that I
do not use any more, should I just manually delete the
corresponding sub directory under Lib\site-packages? 




From ssimpson at interchangeusa.com  Wed Jul 19 12:25:36 2006
From: ssimpson at interchangeusa.com (Scott Simpson)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 09:25:36 -0700
Subject: Reading long lines doesn't work in Python
Message-ID: <42tvg.6903$5K2.3070@fed1read03>

I have a loop

for line in f:
     ...

and if the line is over about 10,000 characters it lops it off. How do I 
get around this?


From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 12:05:44 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:05:44 +0200
Subject: Weird MemoryError issue
References: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i73glF2gheqU1@uni-berlin.de>

jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk wrote:

> Hi,
> 
>   I'm new at python as I just started to learn it, but I found out
> something weird. I have wrote a little program to compute Mersenne
> number:
> 
> # Snipet on
> def is_prime n:
>   for i in range(2, n):
>     if (n % i) == 0:
>       return 0
>   else:
>       return 1
> 
> for a in range(2, 10000000):
>   if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))
>     print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
> # Snipet off
> 
> This program raise MemoryError. But this one:
> 
> # Snipet on
> def is_prime n:
>   for i in range(2, n):
>     if (n % i) == 0:
>       return 0
>   return 1 # the change is here
> 
> for a in range(2, 10000000):
>   if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))
>     print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
> # Snipet off
> 
> Does not! Why ??


Don't use range, use xrange. The former will generate an actual list in
memory, which you usually  don't need - especially in for-loops as you
don't even have a reference on the list itself.

And I don't think that your change afflicts memory consumption at all. Must
be a coincidence.

Diez


From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 01:38:17 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 22:38:17 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8322.1153295265.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8322.1153295265.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153373897.849778.287600@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> mystilleef wrote, making me somewhat tired of his/her repeated inability
> to get what's being said [sigh]:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >>>>mystilleef wrote:
> >>>>>Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> >>>>>>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
> >>>>>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
> >>>>>>>changed by the object.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
> >>>>>>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
> >>>>>>completely self-contained in their behavior.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.
> >>>>
> This makes it somewhat obvious that you don't appear to fully understand
> the concept of coupling as applied to software systems.
>
> >>>>Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
> >>>>ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
> >>>>changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
> >>>>by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
> >>>>coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?
> >>>>
> >>>Are you serious?
> >>
> >>Deadly serious. But I'm afraid you're still missing the point.
> >>
> >>>Well, you design an object that serves as a mediator.
> >>>All objects can then only interact with themselves and the mediator
> >>>only. Via signals, objects learn to automatically adjust their states
> >>>and respond to events.
> >>
> >>signal -> message -> method call -> change state.
> >>
> >>Spell it how you like, add as many indirection levels you want, it still
> >>boils down to the fact that *something* triggers the state change.
> >>
> > Riiiiight!
> >
> If you implement an accessor to change a class's instances' states,
> surely something has to call that accessor. You seem to be implying that
> such calls can only be made from within other methods of the same
> object, which (if true, which it isn't) would tend to leave each class
> in a vacuum where nothing else can affect its instances.
>
> Of *course* objects are subject to external influences: since you like
> the concept of coupling, how else could different components be coupled
> at all?

I gave the solution earlier. In well designed systems objects should be
responsible for updating their state themselves. In essence, objects
should learn to mind their own business. There will be some form of
coupling, but it should be minimal. Preferably the only coupling
permitted should be between an object and its mediator. Messages are
passed through the system via signals or events or established
protocols. What are the benefits? Well I can change the implementation
of any object at will without breaking the whole system. Or I can even
completely replace modules and objects with new ones without breaking
the whole system. If you are dealing with large source code, this is a
no brainer. And if you put a little effort into to it, you can create
objects that know when to initialize and destroy themselves as well as
update their states automatically. Welcome to event based programming.

(snip)

> >>>I'm sure glad I didn't burn my book.
> >>
> >>No comment.
> >>
> >>>>>>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
> >>>>>>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
> >>>>>>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
> >>>>>>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
> >>>>>>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
> >>>>>>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
> >>>>>
> >>>>>It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
> >>>>>state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.
> >>>>
> >>>>Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ?
> >>>
> >>>That's language dependent.
> >>>
> >>>>Given the existence of
> >>>>"computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
> >>>>hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
> >>>>default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
> >>>>the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
> >>>>when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?
> >>>>
> >>>I'm not advocating anything.
> >>
> >>cf below on this.
> >>
> >>>I'm just stating the use case for
> >>>accessors and the wisdom behind them. My qualm with implicit accessors
> >>>remains the name issue.
> >>
> >>The "name issue" is *your* problem. And AFAICT, it's a "problem" because
> >>you refuse to free your mind from a "what's in the book" mindset.
> >>
> > What book are we talking about?
> >
> Well you should know, you're the one who wants to hang on to it. So
> please enlighten us, what is this source of knowledge that appears to
> contradict sound computer science?
>

High coupling is bad. Exposing critical states of an object is bad. Any
decent computer science book will tell you that.

> >>>>>>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
> >>>>>>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
> >>>>>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
> >>>>>>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.
>
> Whereas you appear to feel that there can be no possibility if a crash
> because someone calls thing.is_active(True), and yet you repeatedly fail
> to demonstrate the difference. Which is why this thread has been so
> mind-numbingly long. As is pointed out AGAIN here:
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
> >>>>>>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
> >>>>>>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
> >>>>>>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
> >>>>>>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
> >>>>>>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
> >>>>>>difference.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
> >>>>
> >>>>Indeed.
> >>>>
> >>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
> >>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
> >>>>
> >>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
> >>>>
> >>>>(snip)
> >>>
> >>>I never advocated anything.
> >>
> >>You advocated
> >>"""
> >>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
> >>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
> >>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
> >>you never know...
> >>"""
> >>
> > You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
> > That's not advocacy, that's common sense.
> >
> Perhaps so, but you still refuse to explain why it's better, when all
> you need to do is read or write the value of an instance's attribute, to
> define accessor methods to do it, introducing unnecessary (in Python)
> overhead in the process.

Obviously if I want to control access to an attribute, it means I don't
want it altered or I want to perform pre/post conditional computations
before/after the attribute is accessed. There's a reason it is called
access control.

> >
> >>>>>State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.
> >>>>
> >>>>The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
> >>>>what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.
> >>>>
> >>>>>It
> >>>>>is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
> >>>>>it is because I thought is was common knowledge.
> >>>>
> >>>>It is.
> >>>>
> Am I the only one here who has lost track of this "'tis/'tisn't" stuff?
>
> >>>>>And behaviors are not
> >>>>>just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.
> >>>>
> >>>>Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
> >>>>this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
> >>>>methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
> >>>>behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
> >>>> the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
> >>>>and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
> >>>>implementation-dependant.
> >>>>
> >>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
> >>>and not language dependent semantics.
> >>
> >>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
> >>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
> >>
> > Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> > object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
> >
> In which case you write correct software and provide it with a thorough
> set of tests to allow you to modify it without worrying too much about
> breakage. Attribute access is part of an object's API just like method
> calls are.
>

Or I use accessors. Because I write tests doesn't mean third parties do
so, or even uphold the practice.

> You seem to think that every ill in software design can be legislated
> away by strangling design freedom with specific rules. I am afraid that
> experience will teach you this is far from the case: go look at the way
> that the "bondage" languages that use static typing (like Java and C++)
> still fail to impose the required typing discipline on a determinedly
> incompetent user.
>

Well I disagree. I used to share you mentality until I started managing
large source code. You need rules if you don't want your project to
collaspe under anarchy. And it is not until other people start using
your software in ways you never imagined that you realize the
importance of designing robust implementations upfront. When I wrote
less than a 1000 lines of Python code, I didn't care for
properties/accessors/public/private states or whatever. And I drank all
the Python philosophy cool aid I could get. But when you begin to get
emails about bugs in your software due to a third party inadvertently
changing states you never bothered to hide to begin with, then the
wisdom behind careful upfront planning begins to make sense.

> As has already been said, the Python philosophy is to provide the
> features that "consenting adults" (i.e. programmers who know what they
> are doing) can use most effectively to produce complex software systems
> to reasonable deadlines. Unfortunately not all the knowledge required to
> do this is readily available in books; the rest must come from experience.
>

That's all fine and dandy in the fantasy world. In the real world,
consenting adults do stupid things, and if I can prevent them from
doing it, especially when it affects me, I bloody well will.



From russandheather at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 12:15:01 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 09:15:01 -0700
Subject: How to convert arbitrary objects directly to base64 without
	initial string conversion?
References: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8130.1152803187.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152807301.581014.88410@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

After some digging around it appears there is not a tonne of
documentation on buffer objects, although they are clearly core and
ancient... been sifting through some hits circa 1999, long before my
python introduction.

What I can find says that buffer is deprecated (Python in a Nutshell),
or non-essential/for-older-versions (Python documentation).

At least it no longer seems terribly weird to me that I never noticed
this built-in before... I got this from the python docs in reference to
buffer and others:

"Python programmers, trainers, students and bookwriters should feel
free to bypass these functions without concerns about missing something
important".

Is buffer safe to use?  Is there an alternative?

> ctypes objects support the buffer interface

How can you tell what objects support the buffer interface?  Is
anything visible at the python level, or do you need to dig into the C
source?

Regarding documentation, I assume the C PyBufferObject is the
underlying thing for the python-level buffer?  If so, is the best place
for docs on this ancient object to glean what I can from this link:
http://www.python.org/doc/1.5.2p2/api/bufferObjects.html ?

Any help is appreciated... I'd like to understand what I can about this
object if I'm to use it... I'm wary of nasty surprises.

Russ



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 14:39:16 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 11:39:16 -0700
Subject: sys.modules and __main__ obscureness
Message-ID: <1153075155.945985.261960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello all,

I am messing with namespaces, so that code I exec thinks it is
executing in the __main__ module.

I have the following code :

import imp
import sys

# can't call the module '__main__' or 'new_module' returns the real one
module = imp.new_module('_')
namespace = module.__dict__
namespace['__name__'] = '__main__'

# next put things into the names
# e.g. :
namespace['variable'] = 3

sys.modules['__main__'] = module

print module
print namespace
import __main__
print __main__.__dict__['variable']

This code behaves differently when entered into an interactive
interpreter session. When run as a program you will see that module and
namespace have both become None !!

However the code works, but to get access to the namespace again I have
to import __main__. I just wondered why ?


All the best,


Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From davehowey at f2s.com  Thu Jul 20 07:26:17 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 04:26:17 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Paddy,

thanks for your mail.

> In Digital electronics we have what are called netlists, (and also
> component lists)

yes, years back I did a 3rd year project on a 'logic simulator' which
used the kind of thing you are talking about. I think spice does as
well. Fortunately my problem is a little simpler, phew. [by the way, as
an aside, check out modelia/dymola for some really powerful simulation
stuff http://www.dynasim.se/ - it uses powerful symoblic algebra
algorithms to derive system equations and the solve them numerically]

> With a bit more effort you can create component and link factories
> that will name instances with the variable they are assigned to
> without having to put that information in twice.

sorry - could you explain a bit more? sounds interesting and also
brings me onto another question that has been bugging me, which is, if
I want to create components (as object instances) at run time (rather
than through a python code imported in), how do I do this? i.e. if I
hardcoded something like
turbine1 = turbine(...)
then python knows that turbine1 is a turbine. but if I had say some
kind of user interface and I want to create turbine1 (or suchlike) on
the fly, how do I actually do that? how do I create objects after run
time?

Dave



From davehowey at f2s.com  Thu Jul 27 17:46:45 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 14:46:45 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <44c8c10c$0$8256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8c10c$0$8256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154036805.346033.141010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


> > Hiya, you might be interested in this alternative config parsing
> > program:
> > http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html
>
> Yes, I know it. But I don't like it. Either a simple ini file do the
> trick, or I need a full blown app-specific DSL - which can be as simple
> as a Python file with dicts, lists, etc !-)
>
>

What do you mean? I don't really understand. I had a blast with
configobj and seems to be ok - quite straightfoward for the type of ini
file I'm using. configparser prob the same... it's kind of 'much over
muchness' as they say

Dave



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 03:47:20 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:47:20 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9ko2g$h24$1@sea.gmane.org>

mystilleef wrote, making me somewhat tired of his/her repeated inability 
to get what's being said [sigh]:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>>mystilleef wrote:
>>>>>Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
>>>>>>On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
>>>>>>>In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
>>>>>>>changed by the object.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
>>>>>>something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
>>>>>>completely self-contained in their behavior.
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>Then in those cases the system becomes a victim of high coupling.
>>>>
This makes it somewhat obvious that you don't appear to fully understand 
the concept of coupling as applied to software systems.

>>>>Time to burn your book and face reality. ObjA sends message Msg1 to
>>>>ObjB. Part of the associated behaviour is that in responce to Msg1, objB
>>>>changes it's own state. Practical result : ObjB's state has been changed
>>>>by ObjA. Practical question : how do you hope to avoid this "hi
>>>>coupling" (lol), apart from making all your objects totally autistic ?
>>>>
>>>Are you serious?
>>
>>Deadly serious. But I'm afraid you're still missing the point.
>>
>>>Well, you design an object that serves as a mediator.
>>>All objects can then only interact with themselves and the mediator
>>>only. Via signals, objects learn to automatically adjust their states
>>>and respond to events.
>>
>>signal -> message -> method call -> change state.
>>
>>Spell it how you like, add as many indirection levels you want, it still
>>boils down to the fact that *something* triggers the state change.
>>
> Riiiiight!
> 
If you implement an accessor to change a class's instances' states, 
surely something has to call that accessor. You seem to be implying that 
such calls can only be made from within other methods of the same 
object, which (if true, which it isn't) would tend to leave each class 
in a vacuum where nothing else can affect its instances.

Of *course* objects are subject to external influences: since you like 
the concept of coupling, how else could different components be coupled 
at all?
> 
>>>This is just one of several methods you can
>>>dramatically reduce coupling.
>>
>>It's just one of several methods that dramatically increases complexity,
>>without changing anything to the fact that in the end, *practically*,
>>some object ObjA changes its state as a response to a message sent by ObjB.
>>
> Say that to game/simulation developers.
> 
This is a complete non-sequitur as you don't say why game developers 
specifically benefit from the reduced coupling that you allege the 
provision of accessor methods introduces.

Tight coupling would be (for example) where you provided the argument to 
a method by storing it in a global variable rather than passing it as an 
argument. From a coupling point of view it makes no difference whether 
you call an accessor method or (in Python) read or write a referenced 
object's attributes directly. You still have to know the required API: 
whether you call a method (in which case you have to know its name) or 
read/write an attribute (in which case you have to know its name ...) 
makes no essential difference.

It appears you have seen the term "content coupling" as defined, for 
example, in

   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupling_%28computer_science%29

and taken that to mean that any knowledge at all of another object's 
internals will lead to over-tight coupling and hence low cohesion. The 
Python point of view is somewhat different, and says that since both 
methods and data items are attributes of instances there is little 
difference (except in efficiency) between accessing data via a method 
(inefficient) and accessing data directly through the attribute 
containing that data (efficient).

It has already been pointed out to you several times that once you have 
written your code to access attributes you can introduce properties 
without changing the client (accessing) code should further isolation or 
additional computation be required.
> 
>>>I'm sure glad I didn't burn my book.
>>
>>No comment.
>>
>>>>>>In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
>>>>>>whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
>>>>>>intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
>>>>>>There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
>>>>>>calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
>>>>>>state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.
>>>>>
>>>>>It depends. If certain conditions need to be met before changing the
>>>>>state of an object, then arbitrarily changing it can be dangerous.
>>>>
>>>>Does this imply a 'method call' *syntax* ?
>>>
>>>That's language dependent.
>>>
>>>>Given the existence of
>>>>"computed attributes" (ie: support for 'attribute access' *syntax* with
>>>>hidden accessors) and the possibility to redefine implementation (from
>>>>default attribute r/w access to computed/controlled) without touching
>>>>the interface, why advocate the *systematic* use of computed attributes
>>>>when it's just duplicating the default behaviour ?
>>>>
>>>I'm not advocating anything.
>>
>>cf below on this.
>>
>>>I'm just stating the use case for
>>>accessors and the wisdom behind them. My qualm with implicit accessors
>>>remains the name issue.
>>
>>The "name issue" is *your* problem. And AFAICT, it's a "problem" because
>>you refuse to free your mind from a "what's in the book" mindset.
>>
> What book are we talking about?
> 
Well you should know, you're the one who wants to hang on to it. So 
please enlighten us, what is this source of knowledge that appears to 
contradict sound computer science?

>>>>>>>For example, a third party randomly changing is_active, (which Python
>>>>>>>lets you do freely and easily) from False to True may crash your GUI.
>>>>>>>And I'm not making this up. Things like this do really happen depending
>>>>>>>on the whackyness of your toolkit.

Whereas you appear to feel that there can be no possibility if a crash 
because someone calls thing.is_active(True), and yet you repeatedly fail 
to demonstrate the difference. Which is why this thread has been so 
mind-numbingly long. As is pointed out AGAIN here:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>That's quite true, but a setter that does nothing but change is_active
>>>>>>doesn't prevent this. If there is logic necessary to prevent state changes
>>>>>>in certain situations, this should be implemented. But whether you then
>>>>>>call this a part of the "behavior" (looking at the implementation as being
>>>>>>a setter method) or a part of the "state" (looking at the implementation as
>>>>>>being an added feature of the attribute) doesn't really make an objective
>>>>>>difference.
>>>>>>
>>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
>>>>
>>>>Indeed.
>>>>
>>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
>>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
>>>>
>>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
>>>>
>>>>(snip)
>>>
>>>I never advocated anything.
>>
>>You advocated
>>"""
>>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
>>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
>>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
>>you never know...
>>"""
>>
> You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
> That's not advocacy, that's common sense.
> 
Perhaps so, but you still refuse to explain why it's better, when all 
you need to do is read or write the value of an instance's attribute, to 
define accessor methods to do it, introducing unnecessary (in Python) 
overhead in the process.
> 
>>>>>State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective.
>>>>
>>>>The words (and the concept they describe) are not. Interpretation of
>>>>what is state and what is behaviour is subjective.
>>>>
>>>>>It
>>>>>is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
>>>>>it is because I thought is was common knowledge.
>>>>
>>>>It is.
>>>>
Am I the only one here who has lost track of this "'tis/'tisn't" stuff?

>>>>>And behaviors are not
>>>>>just necessarily getters/setters, they are methods of objects.
>>>>
>>>>Behaviour is how a given object reacts to a given message. *Nothing* in
>>>>this implies the notions of attributes or methods. Attributes and
>>>>methods are implementation details of the concepts of state and
>>>>behaviour, and - while this is a common implementation of OO concepts -
>>>> the choice to use non-callable attributes as representing the state
>>>>and callable ones as representing behaviour is totally
>>>>implementation-dependant.
>>>>
>>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
>>>and not language dependent semantics.
>>
>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>>
> Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
> 
In which case you write correct software and provide it with a thorough 
set of tests to allow you to modify it without worrying too much about 
breakage. Attribute access is part of an object's API just like method 
calls are.

You seem to think that every ill in software design can be legislated 
away by strangling design freedom with specific rules. I am afraid that 
experience will teach you this is far from the case: go look at the way 
that the "bondage" languages that use static typing (like Java and C++) 
still fail to impose the required typing discipline on a determinedly 
incompetent user.

As has already been said, the Python philosophy is to provide the 
features that "consenting adults" (i.e. programmers who know what they 
are doing) can use most effectively to produce complex software systems 
to reasonable deadlines. Unfortunately not all the knowledge required to 
do this is readily available in books; the rest must come from experience.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz  Sat Jul 22 15:32:40 2006
From: edmond at le-comte-de-monte-cristo.biz (Edmond Dantes)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 15:32:40 -0400
Subject: New to threads.  How do they work?
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qb0b$i31$3@lust.ihug.co.nz> <12c1sc8ftj2m3a1@corp.supernews.com>
	<e9scfg$ali$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<3hh3c2pu1b6a34g1u80c9s19a5hqi2omme@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153596201_304@news-east.n>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> On Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:19:22 +1200, Lawrence D'Oliveiro
> <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> declaimed the following in
> comp.lang.python:
> 
>> 
>> Perhaps because with threads, data is shared by default. Whereas with
>> processes, it is private by default, and needs to be explicitly shared if
>> you want that.
> 
> Or just that the "name" "thread" was a late-comer for some of us...
> 
> The Amiga had "tasks" at the lowest level (these were what the core
> OS library managed -- that core handled task switching, memory
> allocation, and IPC [event flags, message ports]). "Processes" were
> scheduled by the executive, but had additional data -- like stdin/stdout
> and environment variables... all the stuff one could access from a
> command line. Or, confusing for many... Processes were "DOS" level,
> Tasks were "OS" level.

On the Amiga, everything was essentially a "thread". There was *no* memory
protection whatsoever, which made for a wickedly fast -- and unstable --
OS.

Now, before Commordore went the way of the Dodo Bird, there was some
discussion about adding memory protection to the OS, but that was a very
difficult proposition since most if not all of the OS control structures
were just that -- basically c "structs", with live memory pointers handed
around from application to kernel and back.

I think we could've done it eventually, but that ship sank. All because of
the idiots there that was upper management. But I digress.
 
-- 
-- Edmond Dantes, CMC
And Now for something Completely Different:
  http://baskets.giftsantiquescollectables.com
  http://vacation-packages.YouDeserveItNow.com
  http://cold-remedy.WomenLite.com
  http://investments.BankOrLoan.com
  http://coils.IndustrialMetalz.com
  http://brackets.Auto1Parts.com
  http://windmill.industrialtips.com


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From luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt  Sun Jul  9 19:59:55 2006
From: luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt (Luis P. Mendes)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:59:55 +0100
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7909.1152295521.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<mailman.7909.1152295521.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b197db$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

Gregory Pi?ero escreveu:
> On 7/7/06, Luis P. Mendes <luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoxxx.pt> wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>> I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
>> it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
>> can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.
> 
> I don't really know what I'm talking about, but maybe have a Python
> script that uses pyExelerator and saves the file to Sdout, name that
> script with an .xls extension and the browser will present it to the
> user as an Excel file?
> 
> Maybe, maybe??
> 
> -Greg pinero
I'll try that option and see what I can get.

Still, there's an open patch at
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1481069&group_id=134081&atid=730645
that says:
"""
Summary: (?)
pass file-like objects to write
In a cgi script you use mosty sys.stdout to write to
the client with this little patch this is possible.
"""
but it has not been submitted yet.

So, perhaps you could show me how to generate an excel file as a http
response in django?

Luis P. Mendes


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Mon Jul  3 19:45:12 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 16:45:12 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151970312.253565.262700@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

bruce:
> valid_str = strip(invalid_str)
> where 'strip' removes/strips out the invalid chars...

This isn't short but it is fast:
import string
valid_chars = string.lowercase + string.uppercase + \
                    string.digits +
"""|!'\\"?$%&/()=?^*??_:;>+,.-<\n \t"""
all_chars = "".join(map( chr, range(256)) )
comp_valid_chars = "".join( set(all_chars).difference(valid_chars) )
print "test string".translate(all_chars, comp_valid_chars)


Shorter and a bit slower alternative:
import string
valid_chars_set = set(string.lowercase + string.uppercase
                          + string.digits +
"""|!'\\"?$%&/()=?^*??_:;>+,.-<\n \t""")
print filter(lambda c: c in valid_chars_set, "test string")

You can add the chars you want to the string of accepted ones.

Bye,
bearophile



From wescpy at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:56:53 2006
From: wescpy at gmail.com (w chun)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 13:56:53 -0700
Subject: ANN: Intro to Python course, Aug 16-18, San Francisco
Message-ID: <78b3a9580607051356k3a37941at8ebcb04330636c08@mail.gmail.com>

What:   (Intense) Intro to Python
When:  August 16-18, 2006
Where: San Francisco (SFO/San Bruno), CA, USA
Web:    http://cyberwebconsulting.com (click "Python Training" link)

Need to get up-to-speed with Python as quickly as possible?  Come join
us in beautiful Northern California for another one of our rigorous
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    * Syntax, Data Types, Operators, and Methods
    * Python's Objects and Memory Model
    * Errors and Exception Handling
    * Flow Control (Loops and Conditionals)
    * Writing Optimized Python
    * Files and Input/Output
    * Functions and Functional Programming Aspects
    * Modules and Packages
    * OOP: Classes, Methods, Instances, Class Customization, Inheritance
    * Execution Environment
    * Operating System Interface
    * Advanced Topics and Python Updates

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    http://corepython.com

wesley.j.chun :: wescpy-at-gmail.com
python training and technical consulting
cyberweb.consulting : silicon valley, ca
http://cyberwebconsulting.com


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 16:06:16 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 13:06:16 -0700
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
Message-ID: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm getting rather inconsistent behavior with staticmethod.
@staticmethod has the same problems, but I'm demonstrating it with
staticmethod() because it shows things more clearly
---------------------------------------------------
>>> class A:
	def orig():
		print "hi"
	st = staticmethod(orig)
	st2 = st
	wrapped = [ orig ]
	wrapped2 = [ st ]


>>> A.orig()   # NORMAL - unbound method, should fail

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#9>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    A.orig()
TypeError: unbound method orig() must be called with A instance as
first argument (got nothing instead)
>>> A.st() # NORMAL - staticmethod, all good
hi
>>> A.st2() # NORMAL - copy of a static method, all good
hi
>>> A.wrapped[0]() # ODD - wrapping orig() in a list makes orig() work?
hi
>>> A.wrapped2[0]() # ODD - copying st works -- A.st2() -- but copying it to a list fails?

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#13>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    A.wrapped2[0]()
TypeError: 'staticmethod' object is not callable
>>> a = [ A.orig] # NORMAL - fails as expected
>>> a[0]()

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#27>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    a[0]()
TypeError: unbound method orig() must be called with A instance as
first argument (got nothing instead)
>>> b = [ A.st ] # NORMAL - suceeds as expected
>>> b[0]()
hi
>>>
>>> type(A.orig)
<type 'instancemethod'>
>>> type(A.st)
<type 'function'>
>>> type(A.st2)
<type 'function'>
>>> type(A.wrapped[0])
<type 'function'>
>>> type(A.wrapped2[0])
<type 'staticmethod'>
>>> type(a[0])
<type 'instancemethod'>
>>> type(b[0])
<type 'function'>

------------------------------------------------------------

So if the class definition is not finished, one can copy static methods
just fine.  But if it finds its way into a container (in this case, a
list, but making it a member variable of a child object also breaks),
it gets an extra staticmethod wrapper, or something similar?  Once the
class is done, this behavoir no longer occurs.

Can anyone please explain to me why this happens?



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:33:24 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 14:33:24 GMT
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
In-Reply-To: <1154008725.142489.324670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153945987.861516.216160@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c81fd9$0$1447$c3e8da3@news.astraweb.com>
	<1154008725.142489.324670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <U84yg.2588$No6.50987@news.tufts.edu>

biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca wrote:

> Ouch! You got me there, I did not copy the code properly. Now I feel
> stupid. Thanks for the enlightment.
> 
> I think I am starting to get it.

P.S. The point of the example was to show how nesting isn't necessary 
much of the time. The authors wanted to show that it is okay to write a 
call to f2 before f2 is even defined, as long as f2 is defined before 
that call is actually executed, i.e. when f1() is called. Keeping the 
two functions separate is cleaner than nesting, and passing parameters 
is how you get around the local scope issue.


From uche.ogbuji at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:09:26 2006
From: uche.ogbuji at gmail.com (uche.ogbuji at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:09:26 -0700
Subject: Need help in xml
In-Reply-To: <1152533800.561364.129700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533800.561364.129700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152547766.716660.222160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Kirt wrote:
> i have two xml documemts of type
>
> <job>
>  <jobname>test</jobname>
>  <jobdate>2006-12-12</jobdate>
>  <jobtime>12:12:12</jobtime>
>  <directory>
>   <dirname>/home/</dirname>
>       <file>
>     <name>test2</name>
>     <Modified time>12:12:12</Modified time>
>    </file>
>   </directory>
>  <directory>
>   <dirname>/home/test</dirname>
>    <file>
>     <name>test3</name>
>     <Modified time>12:12:12</Modified time>
>    </file>
>     </directory>
>  </job>
>
> i have to compare 2 similar xml document and get the add, changed and
> deleted files.and write it into acd.xml file.
> can u help me with the python code for this. I am using SAX.

Use the right tool and such problems tend to become much simpler.

http://www.logilab.org/projects/xmldiff

--
Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/



From simon at brunningonline.net  Fri Jul 28 08:53:20 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:53:20 +0100
Subject: Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
In-Reply-To: <44C92165.7060806@tim.thechases.com>
References: <44C92165.7060806@tim.thechases.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607280553l5861b1daw44de2e57e8fb84a9@mail.gmail.com>

On 7/27/06, Tim Chase <python.list at tim.thechases.com> wrote:
> 2) is there a way to change the two prompts from ">>>" and "..."
> to other options?  Namely, again with the TTS option, something
> that is more TTS friendly than hearing "greater-than greater-than
> greater-than".  The "dot dot dot" isn't nearly as bad.

Change sys.ps1 and sys.ps2: <http://tinyurl.com/lgqth>.

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From jkuo22 at yahoo.com.tw  Mon Jul  3 22:48:10 2006
From: jkuo22 at yahoo.com.tw (jkuo22)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 02:48:10 -0000
Subject: simple script - Tkinter question.
Message-ID: <e8ckta+72qi@eGroups.com>

Hi everyone,

Here is my simple Tkinter script:

## start of entry.py
from Tkinter import *
root=Tk()
e1=Entry(root, width=16)
e1.pack()
e2=Entry(root, width=16)
e2.pack()
mainloop()
## end

First, it works on win2k. When I run it as 'python entry.py' on linux,
both 'e1' and 'e2' appear perfectly except I cannot enter any
character in 'e1' entry, but 'e2' entry is ok.

Second, when I run it in python interactive shell LINE BY LINE, then
'e1' and 'e2' entry both can accept user input, no problem! But when I
copy and paste it into interactive shell, then the first situation
happens again.

So..., has anyone ever run into this problem like me? and how do you
fix it? I use python2.3.4 now.
Thank you!






From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul  6 18:47:48 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 15:47:48 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152182086.823499.272220@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152182086.823499.272220@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152226068.636740.241630@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>


placid wrote:

> gel wrote:
> > placid wrote:
> >
> > > gel wrote:
> > > > gel wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> > > > > this to python?
> > > > >
> > > > > strComputer = "."
> > > > > Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
> > > > >     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> > > > > "\root\cimv2")
> > > > > Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
> > > > >     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
> > > > >         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> > > > > i = 0
> > > > >
> > > > > Do While i = 0
> > > > >     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
> > > > >     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> > > > > Loop
> > > >
> > > > A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
> > > > from vbs wmi to python wmi?
> > >
> > > Dont know about converting vbs to python but using Tim Golden's wmi
> > > module to trap the event of a new process starting is easy.
> > >
> > > wmi module can be found at http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html
> > >
> > > >>>  import wmi
> > > >>>  c = wmi.WMI()
> > > >>>  watcher = c.watch_for (
> > > >>>       notification_type="Creation"
> > > >>>       wmi_class="Win32_Process"
> > > >>>       delay_secs=2,
> > > >>>       Name='calc.exe'
> > > >>>  )
> > > >>>  calc_created = watcher ()
> > > >>>  print calc_created
> > >
> > > and if you want to trap closing down of processes then change
> > > notification_type to "Deletion"
> > >
> > >
> > > -Cheers
> >
> > Great, thanks for that, where did you find details on using it.  I am
> > already using it for another part, but could not find information on
> > watching processes start and stop.
>
> >>>  c=wmi.WMI()
> >>>  help(c)
>
> ive been using the wmi module for 1.5 months and i had some help from
> the author of the module (Tim Golden).

Do you have any docs that might help me?



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Mon Jul 31 13:11:38 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:11:38 -0400
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.8674.1154112640.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154335879.674317.49360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ealdka$bl4$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:1154335879.674317.49360 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com...
>As for PyGame, it's
> good that development there has picked up again but I'd love to see it
> broaden its horizons beyond SDL. Maybe that is impractical, however.

By wrapping SDL and interfacing to Numeric, Pete Shinners picked a chunk 
that he could chew and maintain.  The Pygame site has recently added a 
PyGame Cookbook or the equivalent so people can more easily share small 
chunks built on pygame and comment thereupon.

tjr





From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 21 08:00:43 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:00:43 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-20, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 20 Jul 2006 08:50:44 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>> 
>>   Suppose I have the following kind of code:
>> 
>> while True:
>>   try:
>>     if len(result) > 0:
>>       foo()
>>     else
>>       bar()
>>   except TypeError:
>>     break
>> 
>> This code makes the distinction between the three possibilities,
>> whether it is a good way or not I won't discuss, this is just
>> meant as an illustration.
>>
> 	<shudder>	I look at that and my first thought is: 
>
> 		there is no way to tell if foo() or bar() raised TypeError. 
>
> 	In the absence of documentation about a tri-state "result" being
> normal, my second thought IS that the len(result) > 0 is redundandant;
> bar() should be responsible for properly handling the difference between
> None and empty conditions.
>
> 	A third thought -- foo() and bar() must be implementing hidden
> side-effects since the only way out of the loop is by changing result,
> and result is not an argument in or out of either foo or bar.
>
>  
>> Which isn't at all helpfull with my original problem, but would
>> be wrong in the context where the code is actually used.
>
> 	Well, in this case, you didn't supply the context (an expected
> tri-state return, for example) so most of us would react as to a
> two-state model: if result: process data; else: nothing to process
>
> 	In your above example, I'd probably even skip the elif format
>
> while True:
> 	if result is None: break
> 	if result:
> 		foo()
> 	else:
> 		bar()
>
> 	It explicitly shows that the value "None" is expected, and is the
> signal for loop termination... and that there is different processing
> for empty/0 results versus non-empty/non-0 results (and this scheme even
> works with scalars, not just sequences)

Thank you for illustrating my point so well. What happened here? You saw
some code who made you shudder, and you reacted in a way to get released
from that shudder. Whether that reaction would be helpfull or relevant
to the problem of the original person seems to be unimportant.

What happens a lot is that someone has trouble with some code, a bug
or lack of understanding. So he reduces his code to a sample he can
use as an illustration of the problem and will easily fit in a news
article. That there can be issues with this code is normal, but 
fixing the code so that these issues go a way, will probably just
obscure the point that he is trying to make.

So we have code with certain shudder characteristics. And instead
of trying to help the OP with his problem, some people react
to the shudder and come with all sort of comments that might be
true if the code as shown was production code, but which totally
miss the point the code was illustrating and thus aren't much
helpfull.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From tjreedy at udel.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:09:49 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 15:09:49 -0400
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9tt5u$i2l$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Tim N. van der Leeuw" <tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com> wrote in message 
news:1153587482.812348.320630 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> Hi,
>
> I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
> or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().

How about
try: it = iter(possible_iterable)
except TypeError: bail()

Terry Jan Reedy





From jonasmg at softhome.net  Tue Jul 18 11:34:51 2006
From: jonasmg at softhome.net (GinTon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 08:34:51 -0700
Subject: CSV with comments
Message-ID: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

In csv.reader, is there any way of skip lines that start whith '#' or
empty lines
I would add comments at my CSV file



From dbandler at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:28:10 2006
From: dbandler at gmail.com (dbandler at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:28:10 -0700
Subject: How to start more than one process at the same time?
References: <1152875546.212270.45910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152890889.942686.224910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Have you considered a multi-threaded solution?

The following websites offer reasonable examples:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:Python/Threading
http://www.wellho.net/solutions/python-python-threads-a-first-example.html

-Derek

Dirk Hagemann wrote:
> Hi!
>
> How can I start several jobs at the same time with python? I want to
> collect data from some servers and I don't want to wait until the first
> server is finished. These jobs should run parallel to save time.
> What I tried is this:
> os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server1
> "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
> >> av_server1.txt')
> os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server2
> "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
> >> av_server2.txt')
> os.popen('regdmp -m \\\\server3
> "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\Intel\\LanDesk\\VirusProtect6\\CurrentVersion\\Clients"
> >> av_server3.txt')
>
> I didn't get an error-message, but I also didn't get a result. No
> text-file was created.
> I also tried to do the same thing via batch-files, but that didn't
> change anything.
>
> Is it just not possible or what am I doing wrong?
> 
> Thanks for any help!
> Dirk Hagemann



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 15:19:10 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 12:19:10 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <1152472750.754610.131690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Gregory Guthrie wrote:
> I am comparing Python to a few other scripting languages, and used a simple
> anagrams program as a sample.
>
> I was surprised ast a few python features that did not work as I would
> expect/wish; which caused less compact/expressive program styles that I
> wanted - reverting to a FORTRAN like series of assignments.
>
<SNIP>
> The former seems very intuitive, and clearer.
> I am a bit used to the compactness and convenient defaults of Perl, which
> would do this:
>    my $key = join '', sort(split(//, lc($word)));
>     push @{$anagrams{$key}}, $word
>
> I am curious why these "obvious" conveniences are not present.  :-)
> Thansk for any context or insight.
>
> Best,
> Gregory
>
> Perl is great, and
You might try looking for anagram programs written by Python
programmers and compare them to anagram programs written by peoplle
thatknow and use other languages.
That way you might get around the fact that Python is a unique language
with its own way of doing things. If you now one language and try and
apply its idioms to another then you are bound to think that the other
language is less good at solving prolblems in the first languages way.

Googling for Python Anagram, brought up
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/nanagram.html#demo-version

maybe you should look at the source code to nanagram for comparison.

- Paddy.



From pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr  Wed Jul 26 05:20:34 2006
From: pythonnews at nospam.jmbc.fr (jean-michel bain-cornu)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 11:20:34 +0200
Subject: can wxpython checkbox use the "fill in" marker instead of the
	"check"?
In-Reply-To: <1153860796.917505.27640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153860796.917505.27640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c7345c$0$7766$7a628cd7@news.club-internet.fr>

Hi,
> does anyone know if, for a 2-state checkbox, you can use the "fill in"
> marker from the 3-state checkbox, instead of a checkmark
> 
> i just like the look of the "fill-in" instead of the checkmark
Use a 3-state and change the state to 2 when you get the 1 state.
Here is a working modification to the demo :
         if cb.Is3State():
             self.log.write("\t3StateValue: %s\n" % cb.Get3StateValue())
             if cb.Get3StateValue() == 1:
                 cb.Set3StateValue(2)
Regards,
jm


From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 11 05:21:50 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:21:50 +0100
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org>	<e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8vqjd$isg$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bryan wrote:
> Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> 
>>Bryan wrote:
>>
>>
>>>could you get the same result by putting these methods in base
>>
>> > class object that everything subclasses?
>>
>>and how do you make sure that everything subclasses this base class ?
>>
>></F>
>>
> 
> in this hypothetical case, i was assuming len() would be put in object and every 
> class subclasses object implicitly or explicitly (ie, new style classes only). 
> if it was done that way, would len(obj) == obj.len() in all cases?
> 
  >>> isinstance(1, object)
True

What's 1 . len() ?

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From tdelaney at avaya.com  Mon Jul  3 17:20:56 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 07:20:56 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set
	[withPython3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5FF1E7C7@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> "cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com" <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> writes:
>> And a "view" of the dictionary is orders faster than creating a copy
>> of it (which is required to keep k0 from changing in your example). 
>> If you're LUCKY, copying a dictionary is O(n),
> 
> There are ways to do it so you don't have to copy, but the dict would
> then no longer be a straightforward hash table.

Plus copy-on-write isn't something you want in general - it's *much*
slower since it needs to copy the internal data every time it's
modified. The vast majority of uses of data structures does not involve
concurrent modification.

Tim Delaney


From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 13:05:46 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:05:46 +0100
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
In-Reply-To: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2ul7$vao$1@sea.gmane.org>

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> hello there, all.
> 
> i have a difficult app that connects to a server to get information for
> our database here.
> this server is our access point to some equipment in the field that we
> monitor.
> 
> the messages come in over a socket connection. And according to their
> (very limited) documentation, are set up in a particular order. like
> this
> 
> STX [length indicator] [message type] [message body] ENX
> 
> length indicator = length of the message body in 4 bytes
> message type = the code for what type of message is being sent
>    for example 200 = login
> message body = the actual command to send to the server
> 
> STX and ENX are the values assigned to start and stop a message.
> they are literally 'STX' and 'ENX'
> 
I believe you, but this is clearly a perversion of the single-character 
"start of transmission" and "end of transmission" that are part of the 
ASCII alphabet. So the protocol designer may have been inexperienced, 
and the documentation may be confused ...
> 
> when i capture a message i can print it to the screen and the 'STX' at
> the beginning and the 'ENX' at the end are discernable, but the rest of
> the message looks like this..
> 
> \x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00   and so on and so forth...
> with some commas and other symbols in there. (the e before the 17758
> has a little hat on it)
>  If i print it out to a text file, i get this...
> STXNULNULNULea17758NULLNULL etc..
> 
The "\x00" is the Python repr() of a single-byte string containing a 
null byte (i.e. a byte whose decimal value is zero).

> now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
> the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
> real values out of this message.
> 
> anyone have an idea where to start? i have experimented with struct,
> but do not know enough about it. Does anyone know a good tutorial about
> learning byte codes and such. The docs on pythons website explain the
> module well, but i still do not know what to do with it. Or how to
> generate a message or pull apart these values to get a message out of
> what the server sends us. 
> 
Well if the string you are seeing (when you print it from Python) looks like

"STX\x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00 ... ETX"

then it looks like the bytes you want can be obtained, supposing the 
string is stored in variable s, as s[12:17].

  >>> s = "STX\x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00 ... ETX"
  >>> s[12:17]
'17758'
  >>>

You may need to juggle about with the indexes a little, but one of the 
joys of Python is that the interactive interpreter is so cooperative!

Good luck.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From john.mcginnis at comcast.net  Fri Jul 14 12:06:17 2006
From: john.mcginnis at comcast.net (john.mcginnis at comcast.net)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 09:06:17 -0700
Subject: having a problem with an instance of a method.
Message-ID: <1152893177.662421.10390@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I wanted to dig a little deeper understanding of Classes, Methods and
Instances. However I get this - ' AClassA instance has no attribute' as
an error when I call the method I am using as a learning tool.

Here's the code, from hammer.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class AClassA:

    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 0

    def printit(self):
        print "done from Class a"

class BClassB:

    def __init__(self):
         self.a = 0

    def printit(self):
         print "done from Class b"

Here is the call
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Python 2.4.2 (#67, Sep 28 2005, 12:41:11) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from hammer import *
>>> x = AClassA()
>>> x.printit()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: AClassA instance has no attribute 'printit'
>>> dir(AClassA)
['__doc__', '__init__', '__module__']
>>>

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I can see that AClassA has no method defined so the error makes sense.

But I can't figure out why 'def printit(self): is not included as a
component of the class AClassA. The syntax looks right.

Observations on what I am doing wrong?



From piet at cs.uu.nl  Fri Jul 14 15:07:28 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 21:07:28 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> Well I'll start on an possitive note and accept this. Now I'd like you
>AP> to answer some questions.

>AP> 1) Do you think the langauge reference makes it clear that this is how
>AP>    the reader has to understand things.

Yes.

>AP> 2a) In case you answer yes to question (1). Can you explain me how
>AP>     I have to read the language reference in order to deduce this
>AP>     is indeed the way things should be understood.

Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
say. Your problem is that you thought __setitem__ is part of evaluation,
but it isn't. It is part of assignment, while __getitem__ is part of
evaluation. See the definitions of __getitem__ and __setitem__ in the
language reference manual.

-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From madpython at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:01:39 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:01:39 -0700
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1152117913.457095.306480 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>, madpython
> wrote:
>
>
> No it's not the normal way.  Why don't you give `c` as argument to the
> `interClassCall()`?
>
> class B(object):
>     def interClassCall(self, c):
>         print c.a.a()
>
> class C(object):
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.a=A()
>         self.b=B()
>     def c(self):
>         self.b.interClassCall(self)
>
> Much less magic involved this way.
As far as I remember what you suggest would be perfect solution for
Java. In other words it's a matter of getting a reference to "a"
(the instance of class A) and your variant just one of the others
possible. Maybe I came up with not very good example, so maybe I try to
explain it verbally.
As I already have written I play with Tkinter and make an application
that does some stuff. It uses dynamic GUI building depending on data it
process. Also one of the requriments is to separate the program logic
from GUI.
Here is a short illustration:

...
	self.b=Tkinter.Button(root,txt="Button",command=self.doSmth).pack()
	self.l=Tkinter.Label(root,txt="default").pack()
def doSmth(self):
	var=globals()["m"].__dict__["progLogic"].func("some
input")
	self.l.config(txt=var)
	self.l.update_idletasks()
...
I guess it's all correct or at least it close to what I work on. What
do you think? If I may I'd say it again that GUI is built according by
the data that's passed by the "thinking" part of the program so I
don't necessary know what it is (can only guess) and that's why passing
references as an argument doesn't seem possible.



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sun Jul 23 22:30:24 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 21:30:24 -0500
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
In-Reply-To: <1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1153700372.407953.226990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C430C0.30303@tim.thechases.com>

> Thanks Tim, and John for your quick responses!

This is one of the better lists for getting quick (and usually 
helpful) responses.

> Tim, I tested your function and it works! Though I don't completely
> understand how. Could you possibly explain this?

 >>> def makeString(a):
...     return ''.join([type(x) != types.IntType and
...		str(x) or chr(x) for x in a])
...

The "boolean_expression and value1 or value2" is a common python 
idiom for something akin to C/C++/Java's ternary 
"boolean_expression? value1: value2" expression.  There are some 
gotchas (and workarounds for those gotchas) if value1 can be a 
"false" value (an empty string, a zero or empty list are good 
examples of this).  It pretty much boils down to joining all the 
elements of the list that is composed from "for every item in the 
list 'a', if it's not an int, just return the str() of it; and if 
it is an int, return the chr() of it".  It then smashes them all 
together with the join() and returns the resulting string.

> John, I test your "MEDUIM_WAY"and it works as well. How is it that
> putting the string together this way translates into a hex value to be
> transmitted to the serial port? When I manually tried to put a string
> together I couldn't get this to happen. I was trying:
> 
> controlString = '!SC' + '\\' + ch.__str__() + '\\' + rate.__str__()

The string-formatting "%c" expects a byte and prints the ascii 
character relating to the byte.  Also a good way to do things. 
Come to think of it, John had a lot of good ideas in his post. 
In your above code, the ch.__str__() creates a string 
representation of the number I presume is stored in ch.  The 
string representation of a number is simply a string containing 
that number:

 >>> x = 42
 >>> x.__str__()
'42'

Not very exciting.  And generally stylistically better to use 
str() in favor of the __str__() method call.

> also I noticed you added another line to the code which appears to
> split the low and high bytes for me? If so thanks! Could you also offer
> an explanation on how this works.

the divmod(x,y) function divides x by y, and returns a tuple. 
The first value of the tuple is the integer result of the 
division, and the second value of the tuple is the remainder. 
It's a one-step way of doing

	hi,lo = divmod(x,y)

works like a condensing of

	hi = x / y
	lo = x % y

> I tried a google search and couldn't
> get a decent explanation. 

Googling the python docs for "divmod" should do the trick.

http://www.google.com/search?q=site%3Adocs.python.org+divmod

returns several helpful hits wherein you can learn more than any 
sane person should care to know.  But the above primer should be 
enough to get you on your way.

I think, in the case of your example string, using John's 
suggestion of the %c formatting is the cleanest approach.  As 
such, I'd rework the move() function I suggested to simply be 
something like

def move(rate,lo,hi,chan=1):
	return "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (chan, rate, lo, hi)

where you possibly even just pass in the "position" parameter, 
and let the function do the splitting with something like

def move(rate,position,chan=1)
	hi,lo = divmod(position & 0xFFFF, 256)
	return "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (chan, rate, lo, hi)

or optionally use the struct module to unpack them.

Just a few more thoughts,

-tkc






From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 11:26:30 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 17:26:30 +0200
Subject: setting variables from a tuple NEWB
References: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<jp9rg.17164$Uc3.15592@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.15.26.29.921551@gmx.net>

In <jp9rg.17164$Uc3.15592 at tornado.texas.rr.com>, Paul McGuire wrote:

>>>> tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))
>>>> for nam,val in tupGlob: locals()[nam]=val
> ...
>>>> VOWELS
> 'aeiou'
>>>> CONS
> 'bcdfgh'
>>>>

Little warning:  It works only on module level as assigning to `locals()`
return value in functions and methods has no effect on the "real" locals.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 07:07:02 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 04:07:02 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
Message-ID: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have some basic doubts about thread.

I have a list which has items in it which need to be downloaded from
the internet.
Let's say list is:

list_items[] which has 100 items in it.

I have a function download_from_web() which does the work of
downloading the items from the web. It does error handling in case it
gets errors like 404 et cetera.

Currently, this is how I'm using it.

for item in list_items:
    download_from_web(item)

This way, one items is downloaded at a time.

I'm planning to implement threads in my application so that multiple
items can be downloaded concurrently. I want the thread option to be
user-defined.

Looking at the documentation of threads (Core Python Programming), I've
noticed that all threads are executed a once. Depending upon what they
are doing, some finish early and some later.

But I want to implement something like:

for item in list_items:
    for num in thread_args:
       thread[num].start()
       thread[num].start()

Is this the correct way of threading applications ?
This is the first time I'd be doing threading. So was looking for
comments and suggestions.

Thanks,
Ritesh



From http  Sun Jul  9 20:48:59 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 09 Jul 2006 17:48:59 -0700
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>
	<pan.2006.07.09.23.36.20.730391@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <7x1wsugu84.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Steven D'Aprano <steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> writes:
> >> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).
> > [a.len() for a in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]
> 
> Did you actually try that?

No of course not.  It's in a hypothetical python where .len() is a
class operation instead of a global function.

> In any case, list comprehensions are a recent (version 2.2 I think?)
> addition to Python. You have to think about the functionality
> available back in the days when the decision to make len() a function was
> made, not based on what functionality is available a decade later. 

Correct, so the answer to the OP's question might well be "it's that
way because of historical accidents".


From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 17 10:28:34 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:28:34 +0000
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
	<mailman.8227.1153051495.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <idjso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <mailman.8227.1153051495.27775.python-list at python.org>,
K.S.Sreeram <sreeram at tachyontech.net> wrote:
>-=-=-=-=-=-
>
>Boomshiki wrote:
>> And trust me, I am not worried about 16 yr olds using it without paying, why 
>> would they want to? I am worried about them cracking in to where their 
>> grades are kept. 
>
>what you need is data security... *not* code obfuscation..
			.
			.
			.
I wonder if we understand the issue yet; the original poster
followed up
  how well will I be able to mask my
  source code?  After all I wouldn't
  want some someone walking off to
  the bank with our hard work.
with
  am not worried about 16 yr olds using
  it without paying, why would they
  want to? I am worried about them
  cracking in to where their grades are
  kept.
It feels to me as though there might be still more context
we don't know.

In any case, I agree with the conclusion that a Web appli-
cation might work well, and echo Mr. Sreeram's observation
that this *sounds* like more of a data-security than 
code-obfuscation issue.


From mark at nospam.org  Fri Jul 28 08:45:03 2006
From: mark at nospam.org (mark)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 22:45:03 +1000
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
	<1154051379.088895.266910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154058834.457234.194930@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.12.45.03.895909@nospam.org>

On Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:53:54 -0700, Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Debugging all those threads should be a project in an of itself.

Ahh, debugging - I forgot to bring that one up in my argument! Thanks
Nick ;)

Certainly I agree of course that there are many applications which suit
a threaded design. I just think there is a general over-emphasis on
using threads and see it applied very often where an event based
approach would be cleaner and more efficient. Thanks for your comments
Bryan and Nick, an interesting debate.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 18 18:57:10 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 00:57:10 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Volker Grabsch a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> schrieb:
> 
>>PTY wrote:
>>
>>>I was asking whether it was better style to
>>>use len() or not.
>>
>>FWIW, it's also more generic (you could have an object supporting
>>pop() but not __len__()), less error-prone,
> 
> 
> While I agree with all other points, I don't think that it's less
> error-prone. 

There are less risk of a typo with "if a:" than with "if len(a) > 0".

> See my other posting where I worked out this a flaw
> of Python.

See my answer where I don't agree on this being a "flaw" - a "minor 
wart" at most !-)


From ianare at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 07:55:29 2006
From: ianare at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?B?aWFuYXLp?=)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 04:55:29 -0700
Subject: weird error messages on application exit
Message-ID: <1152014129.303962.178330@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Running FC5 with Gnome (rather minimal install), using latest wxPython
version installed from wxPython.org RPMs since I needed unicode and FC5
only has ansi available in the package manager. Anyway the errors occur
every time i close out of my wxPython application, and sometimes...
maybe every 10 - 15 times... i need to kill the app.
I have no idea what all this means, could someone please point me in
the right direction? Thanks!



(python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
`GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed

(python:5584): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_pixmap_set: assertion
`gdk_colormap_get_visual (gtk_widget_get_colormap (GTK_WIDGET
(pixmap)))->depth == gdk_drawable_get_depth (GDK_DRAWABLE (val))'
failed

(python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
`GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed

(python:5584): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_pixmap_set: assertion
`gdk_colormap_get_visual (gtk_widget_get_colormap (GTK_WIDGET
(pixmap)))->depth == gdk_drawable_get_depth (GDK_DRAWABLE (val))'
failed

(python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
`GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed

(python:5584): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_pixmap_set: assertion
`gdk_colormap_get_visual (gtk_widget_get_colormap (GTK_WIDGET
(pixmap)))->depth == gdk_drawable_get_depth (GDK_DRAWABLE (val))'
failed

(python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
`GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed

(python:5584): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_pixmap_set: assertion
`gdk_colormap_get_visual (gtk_widget_get_colormap (GTK_WIDGET
(pixmap)))->depth == gdk_drawable_get_depth (GDK_DRAWABLE (val))'
failed

(python:5584): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_drawable_get_depth: assertion
`GDK_IS_DRAWABLE (drawable)' failed

(python:5584): Gtk-CRITICAL **: gtk_pixmap_set: assertion
`gdk_colormap_get_visual (gtk_widget_get_colormap (GTK_WIDGET
(pixmap)))->depth == gdk_drawable_get_depth (GDK_DRAWABLE (val))' failed



From msrainess at comcast.net  Sun Jul 23 09:37:30 2006
From: msrainess at comcast.net (Mark rainess)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 09:37:30 -0400
Subject: httplib, threading, wx app freezing after 4 hours
In-Reply-To: <1153660417.374156.213550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1153660417.374156.213550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <86OdnT9kHvE95l7ZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Mark rainess wrote:
> [...]
>> It runs perfectly for about 4 hours, then freezes.
>> I'm stuck. How do I debug this?
> [...]
>> Can anyone suggest techniques to help me learn what is going on.
> 
> By inspection: "errcode" is undefined; I expect you stripped the
> example
> a bit too far. If it is set to something other 200, it looks like you
> loop out.
> 
> You are calling wx.CallAfter() from a different thread than runs the
> GUI.
> Is that documented to be safe? I've read that wxPostEvent() is is the
> call to
> use for this.
> 
> Next thing to try is adding enough logging to tell exactly what
> statement
> hangs.
> 
> 

Thanks guys, I found the problem.

I had screen-saver set to None and power set to blank monitor after 30 
minutes. The problem occurred after the monitor blanked. I remembered I 
re-flashed my bios a few weeks ago. I didn't check the bios 
power-management settings. I'm not going to reboot now to check because 
I have too much stuff open.

I set power to never blank monitor. Now there is no problem.

I added code to monitor for activity and to kill and restart the thread 
if activity stops. Now if power-management kills it, it wakes-up when 
the screen returns.

I think using wx.CallAfter() the way I have is correct. I will check 
that. It does work properly though.

Mark


From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 00:42:30 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 21:42:30 -0700
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
In-Reply-To: <200607012219.18086.paul@boddie.org.uk>
Message-ID: <021501c69d91$ed889d90$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi paul...

in playing around with the test python app (see below) i've got a couple of
basic questions. i can't seem to find the answers via google, and when i've
looked in the libxml2dom stuff that i downloaded i didn't see answers
either...

for the list in the "for label in d.xpath" how can i find out the size of
the list???? a simple/basic question, but it's driving me up a wall!!!

also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
object?

thanks...

-bruce

sample code:
--------------------------------

--------------------------------#test python script
import libxml2dom
import urllib

print "hello"

turl =
"http://courses.tamu.edu/ViewSections.aspx?campus=CS&x=hvm4MX4PXIY9J8C2Dcxz5
0ncXTJdT7v2&type=M"

f = urllib.urlopen(turl)
s = f.read()
f.close()
# s contains HTML not XML text
d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
# get the community-related links
for label in
d.xpath("/html/body/table/tr/td[2]/table/tr[6]/td/table/child::tr/td[@class=
'sectionheading']/text()"):
    print label.nodeValue

print "/n/n/n/"

l =
d.xpath("/html/body/table/tr/td[2]/table/tr[6]/td/table/child::tr/td[@class=
'sectionheading']/text()")

print l[1].nodeValue



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 19 20:52:09 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 17:52:09 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> Hey there,
> i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> books.
>
> thanks for any clarity
>
> sk

hehe. Lambda's are kind of a sensative subject for pythoners who come
from Lisp. Guido being more of a C guy doesn't really like them, and
thought they should be removed in py3k. Last time I checked, he was
reconsidering because of public outcry, presumably from the Lisp crowd.

The standard reason for getting rid of it is "anywhere you need a
lambda, you can use a def". In addition to what has been said here,
there is another one small difference between lambda's and functions,
which is that when you use def, the object gets a name:

>>> def foo(): pass
...
>>> foo
<function foo at 0x009D8230>
#             ^ foo knows its own name
>>> bar
<function foo at 0x009D8230>
#             ^ see ;)
>>>

Whereas, a lambda has no name; it's "anonymous":

>>> spam = lambda: 1
>>> spam
<function <lambda> at 0x009D80F0>
#             ^ spam has an identity crisis ;)
>>>

Many people who do not come from Lisp do not understand what the use of
a lambda is (and I have no idea what the purpose of having a name is).
Even people who do question whether it belongs in Python. In Lisp,
lambda's are the way things get done, because you can calculate
anything using just defines and expressions. This style does not fit
Python very well, since we do things using statements.

Python's lambda really can't be as powerful as Lisp's because Python
does not have expressions that do case analysis (this is not lambda's
fault, of course ;). The reason is that you really want to put each
case on its own set of lines. This enhances readability at the expense
of terseness. Since Python's statements are terminated by a newline, it
would be rather awkward to have a kind of expression where good style
calls for it to be spread out accross multiple lines.

You can try to simulate these kinds expressions using into a list or
dictionary, but this becomes rather messy. I think the only way to get
this done properly is to use eval. For example:

def recursiveFunction(args):
  ...  # do stuff...
  choices = { True:"0", False:"recurisveFunction(newArgs)" }
  return eval( choices[predicate] )

The reason that you need eval is that you want to prevent any cases
from being executed until you decide which one you want. This stay of
execution is accomplished by wrapping quotes around our expressions.
This example illustrates why we really need this kind of behavior,
because without it, we would fall into an infinite loop. Even if it
were safe to evaluate all cases, it's a big waste of time to do so.

Lastly, I think there is also a performance concern for certain uses of
lambda (correct me if I'm wrong). Say you have an expression with a
lambda in it where you could have used a def. Every time you evaluate
that expression, you have to construct a new lambda object, which takes
time. If you had used a def instead, you could hav avoided having to
construct multiple times.



From mahs at telcopartners.com  Wed Jul 19 19:04:34 2006
From: mahs at telcopartners.com (Michael Spencer)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:04:34 -0700
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
In-Reply-To: <Michael.J.Fromberger-ECE4CD.14590619072006@localhost>
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>	<1153284730.469989.18360@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Michael.J.Fromberger-ECE4CD.14590619072006@localhost>
Message-ID: <e9mdpr$c8g$1@sea.gmane.org>

Michael J. Fromberger wrote:
...
> 
> Of course, I could just bypass super, and explicitly invoke them as:
> 
>   C.__init__(self, ...)
>   D.__init__(self, ...)
> 
> ... but that seems to me to defeat the purpose of having super in the 
> first place.

As others have pointed out, super, is designed to do something different from 
what you want.  See 
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/#cooperation for GvR's 
  explanation of super's intent, limitations, and a pure-python implementation 
that you might alter for your purposes.

Some people argue that effective use cases for super are rare and that it's 
awkward to use correctly even in these cases.  See for example, 
http://fuhm.net/super-harmful/.  So don't feel bad about not using it ;-)

Given what you assert about your inheritance graph (two independent ancestor 
chains, that do not propagate super calls from their respective base classes), 
what is objectionable about:
 >   C.__init__(self, ...)
 >   D.__init__(self, ...)

Michael




From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 21:33:35 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 18:33:35 -0700
Subject: Using python code from Java?
In-Reply-To: <1153418141.908084.106980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4i9u58F2mhniU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1153418141.908084.106980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153445615.692084.217780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

fortepianissimo wrote:
> > Waiting for jython2.3 might be an option, too - things are pretty much
> > on the move right now.
>
> Any idea how soon that will be?

If you just want to use Java to call Python, you can use Jython 2.1
too. Jython 2.2 is in (active) development right now, and hopefully a
beta will come out soon.



> 
> Thanks!



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 10:03:27 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 07:03:27 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154080209.603694.161170@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154095407.453556.150180@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Ben Sizer wrote:
> a minimal layer over the C interface anyway. DirectX support only
> appeared this year unless you used IronPython, and it doesn't seem very
> popular.

IronPython is not released yet, I do hope it will become popular
though. It's in RC1 now and should be released soon. I'm really looking
forward to it!

> > Certainly, some Web frameworks have some element of Java flavouring,
> > but there's also considerable diversity at least at certain levels.
>
> Pretty much every Python web offering revolves around you having your
> own server with the luxury of running your own long-running processes
> on it. Great for business apps, not much use for the hobbyist or
> independent site. There are probably some hosts that will provide
> shared hosting for your Django or Turbogears app, but they are not
> exactly numerous. The barrier to entry here is much higher than with
> PHP or ASP, for example. And even with the full framework approach, the
> field has been so fragmented until recently that in terms of community
> support, you'd be better off opting for another language. I appreciate
> there's a diversity vs. standardisation argument there which may never
> be settled, so I accept this is just a personal opinion, but I do think
> a critical mass of users is important with any technology.

Diversity can be a pain in the ass sometimes. Instead of ending up with
something really good you end up with a lot of mediocre stuff (Note:
I'm not saying anything about Django or Turbogears here, mind!).
Reminds me of the time when I was installing Linux for the first time
and finding out that there were tons of text editor included in the
distro. I only need vi so that wasn't a problem, but I could imagine
someone from a strictly Windows world would wish that there was only
one text editor :)

> I'm in a similar situation to the original poster; I'd like to use
> Turbogears for an app I want to write, but will probably end up doing
> it in PHP instead, because I can't get dedicated hardware or a local
> host for Turbogears. (Never mind the lack of documentation.)

Yep. And my case now is pretty much shot with no Oracle/SQL Server
support.

> > Otherwise, no amount of complaining will put the
> > two technologies together.
>
> It's a fair point, but on the other hand, saying "if you want it doing,
> do it yourself" doesn't objectively improve the status quo. If
> something doesn't exist, it doesn't exist, and it's valid to comment
> upon that fact.

Couldn't agree more. A lot of would-be users, upon being told that,
would simply turn to another framework/language/platform/whatever that
does provide the feature in question. This is especially true for
companies with fast moving projects like the one I'm working for at the
moment.

Of course, then we can always say, "sureeee, go ahead, your loss blah
blah blah" Well maybe. But how does it help ourselves really?

> 
> -- 
> Ben Sizer



From wuwei23 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 02:41:37 2006
From: wuwei23 at gmail.com (alex23)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 23:41:37 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Sanjay wrote:
> Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.

Hi Sanjay,

To the best of my knowledge, Python currently has no support for
partial classes.

However, BOO (http://boo.codehaus.org/) - which is a Python-like
language for the .NET CLI)- _does_ support partial classes
(http://jira.codehaus.org/browse/BOO-224). While it _isn't_ Python,
there could be enough similarities to make this worthwhile for you if
you absolutely have to have partial classes.

(Disclaimer: I've never used BOO)

Hope this helps.

-alex23



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Mon Jul 31 05:10:29 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:10:29 +0200
Subject: XML parsing and writing
In-Reply-To: <1154111594.276996.161800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154111594.276996.161800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44cdc907$0$18516$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

c00i90wn wrote:
> Hey, I'm having a problem with the xml.dom.minidom package, I want to
> generate a simple xml for storing configuration variables, for that
> purpose I've written the following code, but before pasting it I'll
> tell you what my problem is. On first write of the xml everything goes
> as it should but on subsequent writes it starts to add more and more
> unneeded newlines to it making it hard to read and ugly.

Maybe you should try to get your code a little cleaner first, that usually
helps in finding these kinds of bugs. Try rewriting it with ElementTree or
lxml, that usually helps you in getting your work done.

http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm
http://codespeak.net/lxml/

Stefan


From writetoalok at googlemail.com  Sat Jul  1 04:42:49 2006
From: writetoalok at googlemail.com (Alok)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 01:42:49 -0700
Subject: Reddit broke - should have remained on Lisp?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7673.1151697608.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151626961.232761.255550@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7633.1151649904.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151680670.764245.18520@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7673.1151697608.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151743369.113368.232780@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Alok wrote:
>
> > Their site was more responsive last year.
>
> http://tinyurl.com/zhary
>
> </F>
Thats an interesting URL my friend. For those of you wondering what the
spike in April was due to, check out this one

http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2006/03/20.html



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul 21 08:22:38 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:22:38 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c0c70f$0$5644$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>>danielx wrote:
>>
(snip)
>>
>>
>>if you prefix with a single underscore, that tells the user, DON'T MESS
>>WITH ME FROM OUTSIDE! I AM AN IMPLEMENTATION DETAIL!
> 
> 
> Personnaly I don't like this convention. 

To bad for you.

> It isn't clear enough.

Oh yes ?

> Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
> mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
> module.
> 
> Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
> to an implementation variable from that module.
>
> So now I have
> variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
> 
>   1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>      users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
> 
>   2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>      I should be extra carefull using it.

Either you imported with the "from othermodule import *" form (which you
shouldn't do), and you *don't* have the implementation of othermodule,
or your used the "import othermodule" form, in which case it's pretty
obvious which names belongs to othermodule.

Have any other, possibly valid, reason ?

> And I find variable starting or ending with an underscore ugly. :-)

Too bad for you. Choose another language then... PHP, Perl, Ruby ?-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From russandheather at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 19:09:24 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:09:24 -0700
Subject: Intermittent "permission denied" errors when using os.rename and
	a recently deleted path??
References: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<blSxg.1247$rP1.203@news-server.bigpond.net.au>
Message-ID: <1153955364.318217.206840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>     Are you running a background file accessing tool like Google Desktop
> Search or an anti-virus application? If so, try turning them off as a test.

I'm actually running both... but I would think that once os.remove
returns that the file is actually gone from the hdd.  Why would either
application be blocking access to a non-existent file?

Of course, my thinking is obviously wrong since I do get the permission
problem... I will definitely try disabling those.  Now if only I could
reproducably repeat it to make testing easier. :(

Another thing is that I certainly do want the code to work in the
presence of such tools.



From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 02:20:17 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 23:20:17 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1152512416.981345.232330@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
>
> [...] static typing does ... doesn't imply any constraints on the kind
> of behavioral property that's being checked; but only on the way that
> the check occurs.

Nice post.


Marshall



From jk.usenet at kneuro.net  Tue Jul 25 00:11:04 2006
From: jk.usenet at kneuro.net (Joe Knapka)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 04:11:04 GMT
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
In-Reply-To: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C599C8.9020101@kneuro.net>

myersoft at gmail.com wrote:

> I need my udp server to send an ACK back to the client when it
> successfully receives data from the client to let it know not to retry
> the send (yes, I do know this is how TCP works but must be in UDP)
> I am using this example code I found on the net for the server, I need
> to figure out how to get the ip and port that the client transmitted
> from and return an ack response. Any help would be greatly
> appreciated..........
> 
> from socket import *
> 
> # Set the socket parameters
> host = "localhost"
> port = 21567
> buf = 1024
> addr = (host,port)
> 
> # Create socket and bind to address
> UDPSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)
> UDPSock.bind(addr)
> 
> # Receive messages
> while 1:
> 	data,addr = UDPSock.recvfrom(buf)

Um... There's the sender's address, right there,
per the documentation for recvfrom(), which you
seem to have read, since you know recvfrom()
returns a 2-item sequence.

No doubt you realized that seconds after hitting
"send".

-- JK


From chenhouwu at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 08:52:34 2006
From: chenhouwu at gmail.com (Chen Houwu)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 05:52:34 -0700
Subject: error occurs when using wmi module in child thread
Message-ID: <1152622354.057564.105300@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

------------------sample code begin-------------------------

import threading

import wmi

def run(*args):
	c = wmi.WMI ()
	memory=c.Win32_LogicalMemoryConfiguration()[0]
	info='Total Virtual Memory: '\
		+str(int(memory.TotalVirtualMemory)/1024)\
		+'MB'
	print info

print  "Begin run() in main thread"
run()

print "Begin run() in child thread"
thread=threading.Thread(target=run)
thread.start()


------------------sample code end---------------------------

------------------debug info begin--------------------------

Begin run() in main thread
Total Virtual Memory: 1375MB
Begin run() in child thread
Exception in thread Thread-1:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\my\Python24\lib\threading.py", line 444, in __bootstrap
    self.run()
  File "C:\my\Python24\lib\threading.py", line 424, in run
    self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
  File "F:\chen\code\SoftRepairer\script\test\test.py", line 6, in run
    c = wmi.WMI ()
  File "C:\my\Python24\Lib\site-packages\wmi.py", line 971, in connect
    handle_com_error (error_info)
  File "C:\my\Python24\Lib\site-packages\wmi.py", line 219, in
handle_com_error
    raise x_wmi, "\n".join (exception_string)
x_wmi: -0x7ffbfe1c - Invalid syntax

------------------debug info end----------------------------

------------------info I have found-------------------------

exception raised at:
file: Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\__init__.py
line: 88
code: moniker, i, bindCtx = pythoncom.MkParseDisplayName(Pathname)
context:

def Moniker(Pathname, clsctx = pythoncom.CLSCTX_ALL):
  """
    Python friendly version of GetObject's moniker functionality.
  """
  moniker, i, bindCtx = pythoncom.MkParseDisplayName(Pathname)
  dispatch = moniker.BindToObject(bindCtx, None,
pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)
  return __WrapDispatch(dispatch, Pathname, clsctx = clsctx)

I have compaired the 'Pathname' parameter between main thread and child
thread
when running, they are the same.

-----------------------end----------------------------------

How can I solve the problem?
Thanks



From nkammah at yahoo.fr  Sun Jul  9 05:39:46 2006
From: nkammah at yahoo.fr (kepioo)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 02:39:46 -0700
Subject: xml aggregator
Message-ID: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
miserably.

what i want to do :

i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
key3,value]], value]

example :
[["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
 [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
 [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
 [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
 [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]

  the tree i want in the end would be :
<results>
<route id="23">
    <equip id=jr2">
        <time id="3pm">
            <data>my first value</data>
            <data>my third value</data>
       </time>
    </equip>
    <equip id=jr1">
        <time id="3pm">
            <data>my second value</data>
       </time>
    </equip>
<route id="24">
    <equip id=jr2">
        <time id="3pm">
            <data>my fourthvalue</data>
       </time>
    </equip>
<route id="25">
    <equip id=jr2">
        <time id="3pm">

            <data>my fifth value</data>
       </time>
    </equip>
</results>


If anyone has an idea of implemetation or any code ( i was trying with
ElementTree...

thank you so much



From timothy at open-networks.net  Sat Jul 29 04:52:06 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 18:52:06 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <4j0ggiF5otusU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>	<k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>	<mailman.8689.1154150569.27775.python-list@python.org>	<4j0dcjF5njkrU1@uni-berlin.de>	<mailman.8690.1154154934.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4j0ggiF5otusU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44CB21B6.8050408@open-networks.net>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
>> *sigh*
>> if only pyparallel would install
>>     
>
> *sigh* If only you said _what_ failed we could maybe help you make it 
> work... :)
>
> Diez
>   
titan# python setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 19, in ?
    package_data = data_files
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/core.py", line 149, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 946, in
run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in
run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/command/install.py", line
506, in run
    self.run_command('build')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/cmd.py", line 333, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 966, in
run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/command/build.py", line 112,
in run
    self.run_command(cmd_name)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/cmd.py", line 333, in run_command
    self.distribution.run_command(command)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/dist.py", line 965, in
run_command
    cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/cmd.py", line 117, in
ensure_finalized
    self.finalize_options()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/command/build_py.py", line
60, in finalize_options
    self.data_files = self.get_data_files()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/command/build_py.py", line
120, in get_data_files
    filenames = [
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.4/distutils/command/build_py.py", line
128, in find_data_files
    globs = (self.package_data.get('', [])
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get'
titan#



From guthrie at mum.edu  Mon Jul 10 00:46:18 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 23:46:18 -0500
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44B1DB9A.1060401@mum.edu>

Many thanks; great information.

Best,
Gregory



Steven Bethard wrote:

> guthrie wrote:
> 
>> Steven Bethard wrote:
>>
>>> Why would ``x.len()`` be any more convenient than ``len(x)``? Your 
>>> preference here seems pretty arbitrary.
>>
>> -- Perhaps;
>> but having all standard operations as a method seems more regular (to 
>> me), and allows a simple chained operation format of a series of 
>> method calls, instead of alternating prefix function calls, and 
>> post-fix method invocations; e.g.
>>       x.lower().strip().toList().sort().join()
>> seems cleaner and simpler than the usage below, where the pre/post 
>> alternation is visually more complex.
>> I think the mix of OO like methods, and global functions, is not ideal.
> 
> 
> The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you write 
> a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are 
> implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any 
> iterable and only need to be defined once::
> 
>     def list(iterable):
>         result = []
>         for item in iterable:
>             result.append(item)
>         return result
> 
>     def sorted(iterable):
>         result = list(iterable)
>         result.sort()
>         return result
> 
>     def join(iterable):
>         # this is more efficient in C, where the string's buffer can be
>         # pre-allocated before iterating through the loop.
>         result = ''
>         for item in iterable:
>             result += item
>         return result
> 
> Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once, 
> and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that 
> you invent tomorrow.
> 
> If everything were methods, when you invented your container object 
> tomorrow, you'd have to reimplement these methods on your class. (Or 
> we'd have to introduce a Container class to provide them, and everyone 
> would have to inherit from that if they wanted to define a container.)
> 
>>>>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?
>>>>
>>>>     This would allow things like:
>>>>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
>>>
>>>
>>> Use sorted():
>>>
>>>     key = ','.join(sorted(word.lower().strip()))
>>
>> -- Thanks!
>> (Is the comma in ',' just a typo?)
> 
> 
> No, the comma puts a comma between each item.  I wasn't sure whether the 
> comma in your original was a typo for ''. or for ','.  Of course if you 
> don't want the comma between each item, you should just use ''
> 
> STeVe


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From ciccio at unical.it  Wed Jul 19 11:48:49 2006
From: ciccio at unical.it (ciccio at unical.it)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 17:48:49 +0200
Subject: capture the output
Message-ID: <1153324129.44be546109cce@webmail.unical.it>



Dear all,

I'm executing a program by os.spawnv() function. However the program print out
several things. I would to capture this output, but I don't know how.
Could you give me a suggestion?

Thank you

Ernesto

-------------------------------------------------
This mail sent through IMP: http://horde.org/imp/



From aleax at mac.com  Sat Jul  1 12:04:59 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 09:04:59 -0700
Subject: gmail/poplib: quickly detecting new mail
References: <1151767791.512857.307160@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhsguc.1m3kskekun9z9N%aleax@mac.com>

LJ <ljcell at gmail.com> wrote:
   ...
> 1. is this a standard behavior of pop protocol? (to give me the same
> results for any API call on a single login?)
> 2. OR is this a peculiarity of gmail

Definitely POP3 standard behavior, as a simple reading of the relevant
RFC will show (e.g., http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1939.txt):
summarizing... on entering Transaction state, a POP3 server acquires an
exclusive lock on the mailbox, to ensure that no modifications occur to
it throughout the session.

I'm not sure about the refresh frequency, but you may want to try the
Atom feed, https://mail.google.com/gmail/feed/atom .


Alex


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 17 15:17:56 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:17:56 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e95p87$a45id$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<g%utg.27635$uy3.27536@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e97n2t$a45id$3@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<HoQtg.28241$uy3.27425@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f24867143d04542989694@news.altopia.net>
	<vcPug.24229$Z67.18188@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <EnRug.7549$5B3.3215@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Darren New wrote:
> From what I can determine, the authors seem to imply that typestate is
> dataflow analysis modified in (at least) two ways:
> 
> 1) When control flow joins, the new typestate is the intersection of
> typestates coming into the join, where as dataflow analysis doesn't
> guarantee that. (They imply they think dataflow analysis is allowed to
> say "the variable might or might not be initialized here", while
> typestate would ensure the variable is uninitialized.)

Right, but this is a disadvantage of their typestate algorithm. It is why
the example in Figure 2 of
<http://www.cs.ubc.ca/local/reading/proceedings/spe91-95/spe/vol25/issue4/spe950wk.pdf>
fails to check, even though it "obviously" initializes all variables.

Consider the equivalent Java program:

public class LoopInitTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean b;
        int i;

        while (true) {
            b = true;
            if (b) {
                v = 1;
            }
            v = v + 1;
        }
    }
}

As it happens, javac rejects this:

LoopInitTest.java:12: variable v might not have been initialized
            v = v + 1;
                ^

but for a different and more trivial reason than the Hermes algorithm.
Change "if (b) { v = 1; }" to just "v = 1;", and the Java version will be
accepted by its definite assignment analysis (which is a dataflow analysis),
but the equivalent Hermes program still would not.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 13:39:22 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:39:22 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <44aa8f41$0$12745$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44aa8f41$0$12745$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152034762.738373.168610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for spending so much time  with me.  I had since made the
following change.

matrix = [[[] for l in range(len(list(reader)[:10]))] for c in
range(len(list(reader)[7]))]
for numline, line in enumerate(reader):
   for numcol, col in enumerate(line):
       matrix[numcol][numline] = col

print matrix

I don't get mistakes anymore.  However, still nothing gets printed
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Roman wrote:
> (please dont top-post - corrected)
> >
> > Iain King wrote:
> >
> >>Roman wrote:
> >>
> >>>I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> >>>the following snipet:
> >>>
> (snip)
>
> >>What are you trying to do here?  p[:0]  returns a new list, of all the
> >>elements in p up to element 0 (which is of course the empty list),
> >>which is then appended to, but is not stored anywhere.  If you want to
> >>insert str(col) then use p.insert
> >>
> >>
> >>Iain
> >
> >
> > Thanks for your help
> >
> > My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file. So, I
> > would like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).
>
> csv = [
>    ['L0C0', 'L0C1', 'L0C2'],
>    ['L1C0', 'L1C1', 'L1C2'],
>    ['L2C0', 'L2C1', 'L2C2'],
>  ]
>
> matrix = [[[] for l in range(len(csv))] for c in range(len(csv[0]))]
>
> for numline, line in enumerate(csv):
>     for numcol, col in enumerate(line):
>         matrix[numcol][numline] = col
>
> assert matrix == [
>    ['L0C0', 'L1C0', 'L2C0'],
>    ['L0C1', 'L1C1', 'L2C1'],
>    ['L0C2', 'L1C2', 'L2C2']
>  ]
>
> NB : There are probably more elegant solutions.
>
> > I have made the following changes and it still doesn't work.
>
> "doesn't work" is the worst possible description of a problem...
>
> (snip)
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:44:38 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:44:38 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154385878.713809.113060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Linux can let you do more in Python and this comes from my personal
exprience. Ubuntu Dapper should let you install drivers easily for
wireless...a little bit tweaking might be required but its worth the
effort. Python and Ubuntu rock...go fot it.

noahmd at gmail.com wrote:
> Okay, once-upon-a-time I tried to start programming by learning C.  At
> the time I was younger and didn't really understand all that C had to
> offer.  I eventually moved over to Microsoft's Visual Basic.  It was
> nice to be able to design a visual application with no effort (too bad
> I didn't really learn the ins and outs of programming)
>
> Long story short, I want to get back into programming, and Python looks
> like a good choice for me to start with, and maybe become advanced
> with.  Right now I run Windows as my main operating system.  On my old
> laptop I ran Ubuntu, and liked it very much; however, my new laptop has
> a Broadcom wireless card, and it's not very Linux friendly.  Is Windows
> an okay enviornment in which to program under Python, or do you
> recommend that I run a dual-boot of Linux or maybe a VMWare install to
> program under Python?



From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 13:36:00 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 10:36:00 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the info.  Reason why we are interested in PSP is because we
think our developers would be able to quickly adapt to the migration,
they are familiar with php and asp.

I agree on the windows webserver, we are looking into using FreeBSD
instead.

What would postgre's advantage over MySQL be?

I will look into Django.

Thanks for your .2

-Adam


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> northband wrot
> > Hi, I am interested in re-writing my website in Python vs PHP but have
> > a few questions. Here are my specs, please advise as to which
> > configuration would be best:
> >
> > 1.Dell Poweredge Server, w/IIS, currently Windows but considering
> > FreeBSD
>
> I may be a bit biased, but I would not run a web server under Windows...
>
> > 2. Site consists of result pages for auctions and items for sale (100
> > per page)
> > 3. MySQL (Dell Poweredge w/AMD) database server connected to my web
> > server
>
> Have you considered Postgresql instead ?
>
> > 4. Traffic, 30 million page loads/month
> >
> > I am trying to have the fastest page loads, averaging 100 items per
> > result page.  I have read about using Apache's mod_python so I could
> > use PSP.
>
> That's a possible solution.
>
> > Any help or tips are appreciated.
>
> You may eventually be interested in  Django (full stack MVC web
> framework, runs on mod_apache, supports both MySQL and Postgresql)
>
> http://www.djangoproject.com/
>
> or Myghty (Python's extended port of Perl::Mason, runs on mod_apache,
> not tied to any RDBMS) + eventually SQLAlchemy (orm)
> http://www.myghty.org/
> http://www.sqlalchemy.org/
>
> Now I can't tell if either one or the other beats PSP when it comes to
> raw perfs...
>
> My 2 cents
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 14:58:08 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 11:58:08 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> dan.winsor at gmail.com enlightened us with:
> > I want to send thorugh the API.  However, no matter how I try it,
> > Java on the other end doesn't like what I'm passing it there.
>
> What have you tried and how did it fail?

See below.

> > How can I mimic a byte array in python?
>
> Strings?

OK, I'll put that attempt up front.  Here's a couple of tries:

<test code snippet>
fileobj = open('testfile.txt', mode='r')
chararray = fileobj.read()
fileobj.close()

soap.addAttachmentsToIssue(auth,'TST-4','testfile.txt',chararray)

<fails with>
SOAPpy.Types.faultType: <Fault soapenv:Server.userException:
org.xml.sax.SAXException: Found character data inside an array element
while deserializing: <SOAPpy.Types.structType detail at -1216265236>:
{'hostname': '<removed>', 'faultData': <SOAPpy.Types.structType
faultData at -1216226708>: {'exception': None, 'message': 'Found
character data inside an array element while deserializing'}}>

<'nother snippet>
fileobj = open('testfile.txt', mode='r')
chararray = array.array('c')
chararray.fromfile(fileobj, stat('testfile.txt').st_size)
fileobj.close()

soap.addAttachmentsToIssue(auth,'TST-4','testfile.txt',chararray)

<fails with>
SOAPpy.Types.faultType: <Fault soapenv:Server.userException:
org.xml.sax.SAXException: Found character data inside an array element
while deserializing: <SOAPpy.Types.structType detail at -1216482740>:
{'hostname': '<removed>', 'faultData': <SOAPpy.Types.structType
faultData at -1216075252>: {'exception': None, 'message': 'Found
character data inside an array element while deserializing'}}>

<'nother snippet>
fileobj = open('testfile.txt', mode='r')
chararray = array.array('c')
chararray.fromfile(fileobj, stat('testfile.txt').st_size)
#chararray = fileobj.read()
fileobj.close()

soap.addAttachmentsToIssue(auth,'TST-4','testfile.txt',[chararray])

This one "works" in that it runs, but the server on the other end gets
garbage unrelated to the test file.

I've tried a few other other ideas including other modes for the array
(b/B), but those are the highlights.



From davew at cs.haverford.edu  Sat Jul 22 08:03:24 2006
From: davew at cs.haverford.edu (David G. Wonnacott)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:03:24 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	(danielwong@berkeley.edu)
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>
	<1153557810.723015.325210@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607221203.k6MC3OB3007866@triluminary.cs.haverford.edu>

   From: "danielx" <danielwong at berkeley.edu>
   Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:43:30 -0700

   Boris Borcic wrote:
   > does
   >
   > x.sort(cmp = lambda x,y : cmp(random.random(),0.5))
   >
   > pick a random shuffle of x with uniform distribution ?

...

   Let e be the element which was in the first position to begin with.
   What are its chances of being there after being "sorted"? Well, in
   order for it to still be there, it would have to survive N rounds of
   selection. In each selection, it has 1/2 chance of surviving. That
   means its total chance of survival is 1/(2**N), which is much less than
   1/N. QED!


This proof makes sense to me if the sorting algorithm makes a random
decision every time it swaps.

Couldn't we easily get an n*log(n) shuffle by performing a _single_
mapping of each element in the collection to a pair made up of a
random key and its value, and then sorting based on the keys and
stripping them out? i.e., in O(n) time, turn

   "2 clubs", "2 diamonds", "2 hearts", "2 spades", "3 clubs"

into something like

   [0.395, "2 clubs"], [0.158, "2 diamonds"], [0.432, "2 hearts"], [0.192, "2 spades"], [0.266, "3 clubs"]

and then in O(n*log(n)) time, sort it into

   [0.158, "2 diamonds"], [0.192, "2 spades"], [0.266, "3 clubs"], [0.395, "2 clubs"], [0.432, "2 hearts"]

and then strip out the keys again in O(n) time?

Or perhaps this has been discussed already and I missed that part? I
just joined the list... apologies if this is a repeat.



   You can accomplish this by doing what I will call "random selection".
   It would be like linear selection, except you wouldn't bother checking
   the head against every other element. When you want to figure out what
   to put at the head, just pick at random! I suspect this is what Python
   does in random.shuffle, since it is rather an easy to see it would
   result in something uniform (I swear I haven't looked at the source
   code for random.shuffle :P).


But, after making the linear selection, don't you still need to use
O(log(n)) time to find and remove the item from the collection? I
don't know much about Python's internal data structures, but if
there's an array in there, you need O(n) time to move up everything
after the deleted item; if there's a list, you need O(n) time to find
the element you picked at random; if there's a balanced tree, you
could find it and delete it in O(log(n)) time...

Help me review my undergraduate data structures here -- is there some
way to pick each item _exactly_once_ in O(n) time?

Dave Wonnacott



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 06:31:19 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:31:19 +0200
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <7xd5bmul93.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<7xd5bmul93.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44cddbf8$0$30136$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> David Zaret <dave at zaret.com> writes:
>> my way is ugly.  what's a better way?
> 
> Untested:
> 
>     for key in mydict:
>        if isinstance(mydict[key], list):
>           vals.extend(mydict[key])
>        else:
>           vals.append(mydict[key])

Too much useless lookup IMHO...

vals = []
for k, v in mydict.items():
  if isinstance(v, list):
    vals.extend(v)
  else:
    vals.append(v)

!-)

But this is not that different from what the OP found so ugly...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 19:30:59 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 16:30:59 -0700
Subject: run a string as code?
In-Reply-To: <1153178814.350091.314150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153177454.775256.213920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153177704.632388.33940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153178814.350091.314150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153179059.020769.188980@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


py_genetic wrote:
> mtbeedee at gmail.com wrote:
> > py_genetic wrote:
> > > How can you make python interpret a string (of py code) as code.  For
> > > example if you want a py program to modify itself as it runs.  I know
> > > this is an advantage of interpreted languages, how is this done in
> > > python.  Thanks.
> >
> > This might do it...
> >
> > >>> print eval.__doc__
> > eval(source[, globals[, locals]]) -> value
> >
> > Evaluate the source in the context of globals and locals.
> > The source may be a string representing a Python expression
> > or a code object as returned by compile().
> > The globals must be a dictionary and locals can be any mappping,
> > defaulting to the current globals and locals.
> > If only globals is given, locals defaults to it.
>
> For example each time this line is interpreted I would like to use the
> new value of the state var which is a global var.  How can I force
> state to be identified and used in this string.
>
> r_table = h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records
>
> r_table = eval("h5file.root.state_raw_records.neg_records") ??
> r_table = h5file.root.eval("state")_raw_records.neg_records ?? eval is
> not a part of root
>
> dont think either of these is very logical? Any ideas?  Possibly the
> parser mod?

Got it!

tmp = "h5file.root."+state+"_raw_records.pos_records"
r_table = eval(tmp)

works great thanks for the help!



From adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 15 06:02:27 2006
From: adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com (adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 03:02:27 -0700
Subject: PyQT installation /configuration
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152951947.708378.258750@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8197.1152953684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152957747.120020.75070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Phil Thompson wrote:
> On Saturday 15 July 2006 9:25 am, adrian_p_smith at yahoo.com wrote:
> > Hi there. I've been trying to get PyQT working on W2K, but have not yet
> > found a sufficiently detailed walk-through for my somewhat
> > command-line-challenged sensibilities. I did find this page:
> > http://www.diotavelli.net/PyQtWiki/GPLPyQtWindows , but I'm not sure
> > about installing the whole of Visual Studio .NET as a prerequisite. Can
> > anyone tell me if the passing of the years has made this process any
> > more approachable?
>
> For Qt4 use the binary installer from...
>
> http://www.trolltech.com/developer/downloads/qt/windows
>
> For PyQt4 use the binary installer from...
>
> http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/download.php

Ah thanks, I'm a dork. Why didn't I see that before <mutter>?



From greg at cosc.canterbury.ac.nz  Thu Jul 27 01:54:48 2006
From: greg at cosc.canterbury.ac.nz (greg)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 17:54:48 +1200
Subject: SDL doesn't cope well with FreeSans
In-Reply-To: <1153966832.238526.196780@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C81E03.6000502@canterbury.ac.nz>
	<1153966832.238526.196780@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4ir2pnF52r9aU1@individual.net>

Carl Banks wrote:
> Greg Ewing wrote:
> > The characters come out slightly
> > higglety-pigglety -- randomly displaced up or down
> > a pixel or so from the baseline.

> It would depend on how you're displaying them, I would think.

I've seen the same thing happen two different ways:
* Rendering with PyGame's font functions
* With Soya, which is using OpenGL textures

Both of these are using FreeType to do the rastering,
I believe.

> 2. Convert it to a type 1 font and see if the problem remains.

Can FreeType deal with Type 1 fonts? Also, what utility
would I use to do that (preferably on MacOSX).

--
Greg


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 10:03:51 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:03:51 +0200
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153833723.599671.188540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c61884$0$21639$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153833723.599671.188540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c624c8$0$18935$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

ryanshewcraft at gmail.com wrote:
> Bruno may be right.  At some point I've got
> 
> del self.regressors[fundNumber]

oops... You're probably in for troubles with this:
>>> l = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> del l[1]
>>> l
[1, 3, 4]
>>> del l[1]
>>> l
[1, 4]
>>> del l[1]
>>> l
[1]
>>> del l[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
IndexError: list assignment index out of range
>>>

You perhaps want a dict instead:
>>> l = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> d = dict(zip(l, l))
>>> d
{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}
>>> del l[1]
>>> l
[1, 3, 4]
>>> d
{1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}
>>> del d[1]
>>> d
{2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4}
>>> del d[1]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
KeyError: 1
>>> del d[4]
>>> d
{2: 2, 3: 3}
>>>

> which eliminates one of the variables in the list. 

This *won't* turn the list into an integer:
>>> l = [1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> while l:
...     del l[0]
...
>>> l
[]
>>> for item in l: print item
...
>>>



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 13:51:50 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 10:51:50 -0700
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151921039.222869.308790@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151717684.199257.191880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1151906077.222770.111720@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151921039.222869.308790@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151949110.896659.96080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> I woulkdn't interate at the same time.  zip takes two lists, and makes
> a single list of tuples, not the other way around.  The easilest
> solution is
> feed_list = [ix.url for ix in feeds_list_select]
> feed_id = [ix.id for ix in feeds_list_select]

The zip built-in function takes any number of sequences:

>>> help(zip)
Help on built-in function zip in module __builtin__:

zip(...)
    zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)]

    Return a list of tuples, where each tuple contains the i-th element
    from each of the argument sequences.  The returned list is
truncated
    in length to the length of the shortest argument sequence.

Iterating over feeds_list_select twice is once too many.  : )


> Also, a big feature of list comprehension is it filters too... for
> example
> high_id_names = [ix.url for ix in feeds_list_select if ix.id > 500]
> Sometimes list comprehensions just read nicely.
> a wrote:
> > hey guys
> > this is gr8
> > but in cheetah
> > i use
> > for test in $ix
> > $test.url
> > end for
> > to iterate thru loop
> >
> > now how do i iterate feed_list and feed_id along with i,
> > thanks a lot

I don't understand what you're asking here, but if you mean that you'd
like the index of 'ix' along with the ix.url and ix.id attributes, then
you can do that like this:

N = [(i, ix.url, ix.id) for i, ix in enumerate(feeds_list_select)]

but then using zip(*N) would give you three tuples: indices, feed_list,
feed_id

you might do something like this:

N = ((i, ix.url, ix.id) for i, ix in enumerate(feeds_list_select))

for index, url, id in N:
    do something with the url, id, and index here

Note that there are ()'s around the "list" comprehension, not []'s,
this makes it a generator rather than a list comprehension.  It works
the same way, but where the list form runs "at once" and creates a
list, the generator form will return the (i, ix.url, ix.id) tuples as
the "for index, url, id" loop iterates through them, thus saving the
overhead of a list construction and additional iteration.

I hope this makes sense and indeed answers something like your
question. ;-)

HTH,
~Simon



From studyandjobs at yahoo.com  Sat Jul  1 05:38:09 2006
From: studyandjobs at yahoo.com (studyandjobs at yahoo.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 02:38:09 -0700
Subject: Computer Industry Workers May Face Cancer Risks
Message-ID: <1151746689.046852.179890@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Computer Industry Workers May Face Cancer Risks

http://www.studyandjobs.com/Comp_worker_cancer.html

or visit
http://www.studyandjobs.com/Cancer.html

Regards



From timothy at open-networks.net  Sat Jul 29 02:39:21 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 16:39:21 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <4j0dcjF5njkrU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>	<k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>	<mailman.8689.1154150569.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4j0dcjF5njkrU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44CB0299.3060802@open-networks.net>

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
>>  >>> fd = open('/dev/ppi0','w')
>>  >>> fcntl.ioctl(fd.fileno(),'PPISCTRL',10000000)
>> Traceback (most recent call last):
>>  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>> TypeError: an integer is required
>>
>> i guess i'm failing to properly define the int i need for the 8byte 
>> value ineed to send the port to set pins high /low
>>     
>
> Python doesn't know about PPISCTRL - it has no way of knowing all 
> "secret", OS-specific constants for ioctl-calls.
>
> So, you need to figure out the numeric value of that constant .- look it 
> up in the appropriate header-file.
>
> Then, you do have the next problem with passing that 10000000 value of 
> yours. ioctl expects strings or buffers as parameters which contain a 
> byte-representation of the value you want to set. This is an snippet I 
> use to read the event device capabilities under linnux:
>
>
> buf = array.array('c', [' ' for i in xrange(EV_MAX / 8 + 1)])
> fcntl.ioctl(self._fd, EVIOCGBIT(0, len(buf)), buf, True)
> caps = struct.unpack("I", buf)[0]
>
> HTH,
>
> Diez
>   
*sigh*
if only pyparallel would install



From hoobahooba31 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 27 01:27:35 2006
From: hoobahooba31 at hotmail.com (Piet)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 07:27:35 +0200
Subject: !MAKE MONEY USING PAYPAL- IT WORKS!
Message-ID: <44c85140$0$5986$c887b34@newsreader16.eweka.nl>

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6. Good luck, don?t forget to follow the instructions correctly and spend the money wisely!!







From email at christoph-haas.de  Mon Jul 24 08:25:58 2006
From: email at christoph-haas.de (Christoph Haas)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:25:58 +0200
Subject: MySQLdb and dictcursor
In-Reply-To: <Xns980AE0E7644BCborrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>
References: <Xns980AE0E7644BCborrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>
Message-ID: <200607241425.59049.email@christoph-haas.de>

On Monday 24 July 2006 14:06, borris wrote:
> doesn anyone know a good reference, tute or examples of
> MySQLdb's dictCursor
> I want to pass dictionaries into the sql exec statements.
> I could only succeed with text as values

A german linux magazin has an article about passing a *list* of items at
http://www.linux-magazin.de/Artikel/ausgabe/2002/06/python-api/python-api.html

For those who don't understand german here comes an example on how to pass 
lists:

cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO Adressen (Name, Strasse, PLZ, Ort)
              VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)""",
           [ ('Dr. Hans Mustermann', 'Musterstra?e 13', 50823, 'K?ln'),
             ('Peter Lustig', 'Im Bauwagen 2', 50827, 'Porz'),
             ('Edmund Stoiber', 'Spendensumpf 1', 47011, 'Bimbesdorf'),
             ('Onkel Hotte', 'Im Siff 42', 57072, 'Siegen'),
             ('Gerhard Schr?der', 'Gro?maulweg 2', 11901, 'Worth?lsen') ]
          )

However the DictCursor is helpful for *returning* dictionaries of values 
instead of just tuples. I always use DictCursor because it makes it 
clearer which rows I want to access in the result. But DictCursor can't 
pass dictionaries in a cursor.execute AFAIKT.

But with dict.iteritems that shouldn't be hard to send dictionary items to 
the SQL database in a loop either.

Regards
 Christoph
-- 
~
~
".signature" [Modified] 1 line --100%--                1,48         All


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Wed Jul 26 15:00:53 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 19:00:53 GMT
Subject: Parsing Baseball Stats
References: <1153756130.949228.182160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<jpxxg.6733$Cn6.5090@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<mailman.8560.1153909366.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153917672.557715.90890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <FZOxg.10098$Cn6.8722@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Ankit" <ankitdesai at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1153917672.557715.90890 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> Frederic,
>
> Thanks for posting the solution. I used the original solution you
> posted and it worked beautifully.
>
> Paul,
>
> I understand your concern for the site's TOS. Although, this may not
> mean anything, the reason I wanted this "parser" was because I wanted
> to get the Advanced, and Translated Stats for personal use. I don't
> have any commercial motives but play with baseball stats is my hobby.
> The site does allow one to download stuff for personal use, which I
> abide by. Also, I am only looking to get the aforementioned stats for
> some players. The site has player pages for over 16,000 players. I
> think it would be unfair to the site owners if I went to download all
> 16,000 players using the script. In the end, they might just move the
> stats in to their premium package (not free) and then I would be really
> screwed.
>
> So, I understand your concerns and thank you for posting them.
>
> Ankit
>
Frederic and Ankit -

I guess you may have caught me in a more-than-curmudgeon-ly mood.  Thanks
for giving me the benefit of the doubt.

I guess I should put more faith in our "consenting adults" environment - if
someone wants to use posted code to create a bot or virus or TOS-violating
web page scraper, that is their business, not mine.  I've noticed that the
esteemed C. Titus Brown in his twill intro gives an example violating
Google's TOS, but at least he gives a suitable admonition in the code to the
effect of "this is just an example, but don't do it."

So in that spirit, for EDUCATION AND PERSONAL USE PURPOSES ONLY, here is a
pyparsing rendition that processes the HTML of the previously cited web
site.  Ankit, you already know the suitable url's to use for this, so I
don't need to post them again (in a weak attempt to shield that web site
from casual slamming).

At first glance, this is *way* more complicated than Frederic's SE-based
solution.  The catch is that the pattern we are keying off of has a lot of
HTML junk in it.  Frederic just dumps it on the floor, and really this
program doesn't do much more with it.  Note that we suppress almost all of
the parsed HTML tags, which is just pyparsing's way of saying "don't need
this...", but the tag expression still needs to be included in the pattern
we are scanning for.

There are a couple of beyond-beginner pyparsing techniques in this example:
- Using a parse action to reject text that matches syntax, but not
semantics.  In this case, we reject <h3> tags that don't have the right
section name.  From a parsing standpoint, all <h3>'s match the h3Start
expression, so we attach a parse action to perform the additional filtering.
- Using Dict is always kind of magic.  At parse time, the Dict class
instructs the parser to build a dict-style result, use the first token in
each matched group as a key, and the remainder as the value.  This gives us
a keyed lookup by age to the yearly stats values.
- We have to stop reading stats at the line break, so we first check if we
are not at the end-of-line before accepting the next number.  That is why
the expression reads "OneOrMore(~lineEnd + number)" to parse in the actual
statistics values.

Once the parsing is done, I go through a little extra work showing different
ways to get at the parsed results.  pyparsing does much more than just
return nested lists of strings.  In this case, we are associating field
names with some content, and also dynamically generating dict-style access
to statistics by age.  Finally, there is also the output to CSV format,
which was the original intent.

I think that as HTML-scraping apps go, this is fairly typical for a
pyparsing approach.  The feedback I get is that people take an hour or two
getting their programs just the way they want them, but then the resulting
code is pretty robust over time, as minor page changes or enhancement
require simple if any updates to the scraper.  For instance, if new stat
columns were added to this page, there would be *no* change to the parser.

Anyway, here is the pyparsing datapoint for your comparison.

-- Paul
(... and what was Babe Ruth doing between the ages of 26 and 35?  Did he
retire for 9 years and then come back?)



from pyparsing import *
import urllib

playerURL = "http://rest_of_URL_goes_here"

# define start/end HTML tags for key items
# makeHTMLTags takes care of unexpected attributes, whitespace, case, etc.
h3Start,h3End   = makeHTMLTags("h3")
aStart,aEnd     = makeHTMLTags("a")
preStart,preEnd = makeHTMLTags("pre")
aStart = aStart.suppress()
aEnd = aEnd.suppress()
preStart = preStart.suppress()
preEnd = preEnd.suppress()

# spell out some of the specific HTML patterns we are looking for
sectionStart = (h3Start + aStart + SkipTo(aEnd).setResultsName("section") +
aEnd + h3End ) | \
               (h3Start + SkipTo(h3End).setResultsName("section") + h3End )
sectionHeading = OneOrMore(aStart + SkipTo(aEnd) +
aEnd).setResultsName("statsNames")
sectionHeading2 = OneOrMore(~lineEnd +
Word(alphanums.upper()+"/")).setResultsName("statsNames")

integer = Combine(Optional("-") + Word(nums))
real = Combine(Optional("-") + Optional(Word(nums)) + "." + Word(nums))
number = real | integer
teamName = Word(alphas.upper() + "_-")

# create parse action that will filter for sections of a particular name
wrongSectionName = ParseException("",0,"")
def onlyAcceptSectionNamed(sec):
    def parseAction(tokens):
        if tokens.section != sec:
            raise wrongSectionName
    return parseAction

import pprint
def getStatistics(url):
    htm_page = urllib.urlopen(url)
    htm_lines = htm_page.read()
    htm_page.close ()

    actualPitchingStats = \
        sectionStart.copy().setParseAction(onlyAcceptSectionNamed("Actual
Pitching Statistics ")) + \
        preStart + \
        sectionHeading + \
        Dict( OneOrMore( Group(integer + aStart.suppress() + integer +
teamName + aEnd.suppress() + \
            OneOrMore(~lineEnd +
number).setResultsName("stats") ) )).setResultsName("statsByAge") + \
        Group( OneOrMore(number) ).setResultsName("careerStats") + preEnd
    aps = actualPitchingStats.searchString(htm_lines)[0]

    translatedPitchingStats = \

sectionStart.copy().setParseAction(onlyAcceptSectionNamed("Translated
Pitching Statistics")) + \
        preStart + lineEnd + \
        sectionHeading2 + \
        Dict( OneOrMore( Group(integer + aStart.suppress() + integer +
teamName + aEnd.suppress() + \
            OneOrMore(~lineEnd +
number).setResultsName("stats") ) )).setResultsName("statsByAge") + \
        Suppress("Career") + Group(
OneOrMore(number) ).setResultsName("careerStats") + preEnd
    tps = translatedPitchingStats.searchString(htm_lines)[0]


    # examples of accessing data fields in returned parse results
    for res in (aps,tps):
        print res.section
        print '-'*len(res.section.rstrip())
        for k in res.keys():
            print "- %s: %s" % (k,res[k])
        # career stats don't have age, year, or team name, so skip over
those stats names
        pprint.pprint( zip(res.statsNames[3:],res.careerStats) )
        print
        # print stats for year at age 24
        # by-age stats don't include age, so skip over first stats name
        pprint.pprint( zip(res.statsNames[1:],res.statsByAge["24"]) )
        print
        # output CSV-style data, for each year and then for career
        for yearlyStats in res.statsByAge:
            print ", ".join(yearlyStats)
        print " , , ,",", ".join(res.careerStats)
        print

getStatistics(playerURL)

Gives this output:

Actual Pitching Statistics
--------------------------
- endH3: </h3>
- statsByAge: [['19', '1914', 'BOS-A', '2', '1', '0', '3.91', '4', '3',
'96', '23.0', '21', '12', '10', '1', '7', '3', '0', '0', '0', '0', '1',
'0'], ['20', '1915', 'BOS-A', '18', '8', '0', '2.44', '32', '28', '874',
'217.7', '166', '80', '59', '3', '85', '112', '6', '0', '9', '1', '16',
'1'], ['21', '1916', 'BOS-A', '23', '12', '1', '1.75', '44', '41', '1272',
'323.7', '230', '83', '63', '0', '118', '170', '8', '0', '3', '1', '23',
'9'], ['22', '1917', 'BOS-A', '24', '13', '2', '2.01', '41', '38', '1277',
'326.3', '244', '93', '73', '2', '108', '128', '11', '0', '5', '0', '35',
'6'], ['23', '1918', 'BOS-A', '13', '7', '0', '2.22', '20', '19', '660',
'166.3', '125', '51', '41', '1', '49', '40', '2', '0', '3', '1', '18', '1'],
['24', '1919', 'BOS-A', '9', '5', '1', '2.97', '17', '15', '570', '133.3',
'148', '59', '44', '2', '58', '30', '2', '0', '5', '1', '12', '0'], ['25',
'1920', 'NY_-A', '1', '0', '0', '4.50', '1', '1', '17', '4.0', '3', '4',
'2', '0', '2', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['26', '1921', 'NY_-A',
'2', '0', '0', '9.00', '2', '1', '49', '9.0', '14', '10', '9', '1', '9',
'2', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'], ['35', '1930', 'NY_-A', '1', '0', '0',
'3.00', '1', '1', '39', '9.0', '11', '3', '3', '0', '2', '3', '0', '0', '0',
'0', '1', '0'], ['38', '1933', 'NY_-A', '1', '0', '0', '5.00', '1', '1',
'42', '9.0', '12', '5', '5', '0', '3', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '1', '0']]
- startH3: ['h3', ['class', 'cardsect'], False]
- section: Actual Pitching Statistics
- statsNames: ['AGE', 'YEAR', 'TEAM', 'W', 'L', 'SV', 'ERA', 'G', 'GS',
'TBF', 'IP', 'H', 'R', 'ER', 'HR', 'BB', 'SO', 'HBP', 'IBB', 'WP', 'BK',
'CG', 'SHO']
- careerStats: ['94', '46', '4', '2.28', '163', '148', '4896', '1221.3',
'974', '400', '309', '10', '441', '488', '29', '0', '25', '4', '107', '17']
- class: cardsect
- empty: False
[('W', '94'),
 ('L', '46'),
 ('SV', '4'),
 ('ERA', '2.28'),
 ('G', '163'),
 ('GS', '148'),
 ('TBF', '4896'),
 ('IP', '1221.3'),
 ('H', '974'),
 ('R', '400'),
 ('ER', '309'),
 ('HR', '10'),
 ('BB', '441'),
 ('SO', '488'),
 ('HBP', '29'),
 ('IBB', '0'),
 ('WP', '25'),
 ('BK', '4'),
 ('CG', '107'),
 ('SHO', '17')]

[('YEAR', '1919'),
 ('TEAM', 'BOS-A'),
 ('W', '9'),
 ('L', '5'),
 ('SV', '1'),
 ('ERA', '2.97'),
 ('G', '17'),
 ('GS', '15'),
 ('TBF', '570'),
 ('IP', '133.3'),
 ('H', '148'),
 ('R', '59'),
 ('ER', '44'),
 ('HR', '2'),
 ('BB', '58'),
 ('SO', '30'),
 ('HBP', '2'),
 ('IBB', '0'),
 ('WP', '5'),
 ('BK', '1'),
 ('CG', '12'),
 ('SHO', '0')]

19, 1914, BOS-A, 2, 1, 0, 3.91, 4, 3, 96, 23.0, 21, 12, 10, 1, 7, 3, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0
20, 1915, BOS-A, 18, 8, 0, 2.44, 32, 28, 874, 217.7, 166, 80, 59, 3, 85,
112, 6, 0, 9, 1, 16, 1
21, 1916, BOS-A, 23, 12, 1, 1.75, 44, 41, 1272, 323.7, 230, 83, 63, 0, 118,
170, 8, 0, 3, 1, 23, 9
22, 1917, BOS-A, 24, 13, 2, 2.01, 41, 38, 1277, 326.3, 244, 93, 73, 2, 108,
128, 11, 0, 5, 0, 35, 6
23, 1918, BOS-A, 13, 7, 0, 2.22, 20, 19, 660, 166.3, 125, 51, 41, 1, 49, 40,
2, 0, 3, 1, 18, 1
24, 1919, BOS-A, 9, 5, 1, 2.97, 17, 15, 570, 133.3, 148, 59, 44, 2, 58, 30,
2, 0, 5, 1, 12, 0
25, 1920, NY_-A, 1, 0, 0, 4.50, 1, 1, 17, 4.0, 3, 4, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0
26, 1921, NY_-A, 2, 0, 0, 9.00, 2, 1, 49, 9.0, 14, 10, 9, 1, 9, 2, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0
35, 1930, NY_-A, 1, 0, 0, 3.00, 1, 1, 39, 9.0, 11, 3, 3, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0
38, 1933, NY_-A, 1, 0, 0, 5.00, 1, 1, 42, 9.0, 12, 5, 5, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0
  ,     ,      , 94, 46, 4, 2.28, 163, 148, 4896, 1221.3, 974, 400, 309, 10,
441, 488, 29, 0, 25, 4, 107, 17

Translated Pitching Statistics
------------------------------
- endH3: </h3>
- statsByAge: [['19', '1914', 'BOS-A', '20.0', '19', '15', '5', '6', '0',
'4', '6.75', '1', '1', '0', '8.6', '2.2', '2.7', '1.8'], ['20', '1915',
'BOS-A', '191.3', '163', '87', '24', '74', '6', '134', '4.09', '13', '9',
'0', '7.7', '1.1', '3.5', '6.3'], ['21', '1916', 'BOS-A', '274.0', '212',
'82', '21', '101', '9', '212', '2.69', '22', '8', '1', '7.0', '.7', '3.3',
'7.0'], ['22', '1917', 'BOS-A', '277.3', '239', '107', '29', '98', '13',
'178', '3.47', '20', '11', '2', '7.8', '.9', '3.2', '5.8'], ['23', '1918',
'BOS-A', '149.0', '128', '69', '19', '51', '3', '65', '4.17', '9', '8', '0',
'7.7', '1.1', '3.1', '3.9'], ['24', '1919', 'BOS-A', '123.3', '147', '65',
'14', '59', '3', '47', '4.74', '7', '6', '1', '10.7', '1.0', '4.3', '3.4'],
['25', '1920', 'NY_-A', '3.3', '3', '4', '0', '2', '0', '0', '10.80', '0',
'1', '0', '8.1', '.0', '5.4', '.0'], ['26', '1921', 'NY_-A', '7.7', '10',
'9', '2', '9', '0', '3', '10.57', '0', '1', '0', '11.7', '2.3', '10.6',
'3.5'], ['35', '1930', 'NY_-A', '8.7', '11', '3', '0', '2', '0', '4',
'3.12', '1', '0', '0', '11.4', '.0', '2.1', '4.2'], ['38', '1933', 'NY_-A',
'8.7', '15', '6', '0', '3', '0', '1', '6.23', '0', '1', '0', '15.6', '.0',
'3.1', '1.0']]
- startH3: ['h3', ['class', 'cardsect'], False]
- section: Translated Pitching Statistics
- statsNames: ['AGE', 'YEAR', 'TEAM', 'IP', 'H', 'ER', 'HR', 'BB', 'HBP',
'SO', 'ERA', 'W', 'L', 'SV', 'H/9', 'HR/9', 'BB/9', 'SO/9']
- careerStats: ['1063.3', '947', '447', '114', '405', '34', '648', '3.78',
'73', '46', '6', '8.0', '1.0', '3.4', '5.5']
- class: cardsect
- empty: False
[('IP', '1063.3'),
 ('H', '947'),
 ('ER', '447'),
 ('HR', '114'),
 ('BB', '405'),
 ('HBP', '34'),
 ('SO', '648'),
 ('ERA', '3.78'),
 ('W', '73'),
 ('L', '46'),
 ('SV', '6'),
 ('H/9', '8.0'),
 ('HR/9', '1.0'),
 ('BB/9', '3.4'),
 ('SO/9', '5.5')]

[('YEAR', '1919'),
 ('TEAM', 'BOS-A'),
 ('IP', '123.3'),
 ('H', '147'),
 ('ER', '65'),
 ('HR', '14'),
 ('BB', '59'),
 ('HBP', '3'),
 ('SO', '47'),
 ('ERA', '4.74'),
 ('W', '7'),
 ('L', '6'),
 ('SV', '1'),
 ('H/9', '10.7'),
 ('HR/9', '1.0'),
 ('BB/9', '4.3'),
 ('SO/9', '3.4')]

19, 1914, BOS-A, 20.0, 19, 15, 5, 6, 0, 4, 6.75, 1, 1, 0, 8.6, 2.2, 2.7, 1.8
20, 1915, BOS-A, 191.3, 163, 87, 24, 74, 6, 134, 4.09, 13, 9, 0, 7.7, 1.1,
3.5, 6.3
21, 1916, BOS-A, 274.0, 212, 82, 21, 101, 9, 212, 2.69, 22, 8, 1, 7.0, .7,
3.3, 7.0
22, 1917, BOS-A, 277.3, 239, 107, 29, 98, 13, 178, 3.47, 20, 11, 2, 7.8, .9,
3.2, 5.8
23, 1918, BOS-A, 149.0, 128, 69, 19, 51, 3, 65, 4.17, 9, 8, 0, 7.7, 1.1,
3.1, 3.9
24, 1919, BOS-A, 123.3, 147, 65, 14, 59, 3, 47, 4.74, 7, 6, 1, 10.7, 1.0,
4.3, 3.4
25, 1920, NY_-A, 3.3, 3, 4, 0, 2, 0, 0, 10.80, 0, 1, 0, 8.1, .0, 5.4, .0
26, 1921, NY_-A, 7.7, 10, 9, 2, 9, 0, 3, 10.57, 0, 1, 0, 11.7, 2.3, 10.6,
3.5
35, 1930, NY_-A, 8.7, 11, 3, 0, 2, 0, 4, 3.12, 1, 0, 0, 11.4, .0, 2.1, 4.2
38, 1933, NY_-A, 8.7, 15, 6, 0, 3, 0, 1, 6.23, 0, 1, 0, 15.6, .0, 3.1, 1.0
  ,     ,      , 1063.3, 947, 447, 114, 405, 34, 648, 3.78, 73, 46, 6, 8.0,
1.0, 3.4, 5.5






From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 31 23:36:01 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 01 Aug 2006 03:36:01 -0000
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
	<1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>
	<1154392791.954980.78190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154393509.059503.231590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<oMyzg.2573$W93.2147@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <12ctj11hgs26n29@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-08-01, Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> wrote:

>> Perhaps if Philippe could divulge the part number that's in
>> the bottom right corner of the manual that he has, and/or any
>> part number that might be mentioned in the first few pages of
>> that manual, enlightenment may ensue ....
>
> That was cute ... over and out !

Or perhaps it may not.

Methinks it was all just a rather good troll.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Where's the Coke
                                  at               machine? Tell me a joke!!
                               visi.com            


From JohnRoth1 at jhrothjr.com  Sat Jul  1 11:23:23 2006
From: JohnRoth1 at jhrothjr.com (John Roth)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 08:23:23 -0700
Subject: Replace Whole Object Through Object Method
In-Reply-To: <1151337453.804750.293180@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151337453.804750.293180@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151767402.817638.8840@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


digitalorganics at gmail.com wrote:
> How can an object replace itself using its own method? See the
> following code

[code deleted]

At the risk of creating totally incomprehensible and
unmaintainable code, you need two things:

First, you can change the class of any new style
object by assigning to the __class__ attribute.

Second, you can create a new style class
on the fly with the three operand type(a, b, c) method.
See the builtin methods in the doc.

It's quite straightforward if you know what you're
doing. What's hard is to create a conceptual model
that won't be an instant winner in an obfuscated code
contest.

John Roth

>



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 21 17:27:19 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 22:27:19 +0100
Subject: An optparse question
In-Reply-To: <1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1153511333.976308.277180@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513039.171155.48980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9rgs9$avs$1@sea.gmane.org>

T wrote:
> fuzzylollipop wrote:
> 
>>you can make the usage line anything you want.
>>
>>...
>>usage = 'This is a line before the usage line\nusage %prog [options]
>>input_file'
>>parser = OptionsParser(usage=usage)
>>parser.print_help()
>>...
>>
> 
> 
> No, that affects the string printed only *after* the "usage = " string.
>  What I would like to do is insert some string *before* the "usage = "
> string, which is right after the command I type at the command prompt.
> So I would like to make it look like this:
> 
> % myprog.py -h
> ************ THIS IS NEWLY INSERTED STRING ************
> usage: myprog.py [options] input_file
> 
> 
> options:
>   -h, --help             show this help message and exit
>   -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
>   -o FILE               Output file
> 
Do a Google search for "monkey patching". You probably want to 
monkey-patch the class's usage method.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 11:06:49 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 17:06:49 +0200
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153356729.921652.274880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf9c0a$0$13534$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

danielx wrote:
(snip)

> Python's lambda really can't be as powerful as Lisp's because Python
> does not have expressions that do case analysis (this is not lambda's
> fault, of course ;). The reason is that you really want to put each
> case on its own set of lines. This enhances readability at the expense
> of terseness. Since Python's statements are terminated by a newline, it
> would be rather awkward to have a kind of expression where good style
> calls for it to be spread out accross multiple lines.
> 
> You can try to simulate these kinds expressions using into a list or
> dictionary, but this becomes rather messy. I think the only way to get
> this done properly is to use eval. For example:
> 
> def recursiveFunction(args):
>   ...  # do stuff...
>   choices = { True:"0", False:"recurisveFunction(newArgs)" }
>   return eval( choices[predicate] )

Why do you want to use eval here ?

> The reason that you need eval is that you want to prevent any cases
> from being executed until you decide which one you want.

What about:

def recursiveFunction(args):
    ... # do stuff...
    ... # that defines 'newArgs' and 'predicate' of course ...
    return (recursiveFunction, lambda x: 0)[predicate](newArgs)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From dieter at handshake.de  Sat Jul 15 13:35:24 2006
From: dieter at handshake.de (Dieter Maurer)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 19:35:24 +0200
Subject: Detecting socket connection failure
References: <1152546131.084660.55170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <x7r70m7ov7.fsf@handshake.de>

schwehr at gmail.com writes on 10 Jul 2006 08:42:11 -0700:
> I've tried to RTFM this and am having no luck.    First off, I am using
> Mac OSX 10.4.7 with python 2.4.2 from fink.  I am trying to connect to
> a server that should be rejecting connections and I was surprised when
> it did not throw an exception or do something otherwise equally nasty.
> It just connects and never returns any data.  First, the proof that
> something is there and rejecting the connection (or is it that this
> thing actually accepts the connection and then drops it?)...
> 
> telnet localhost 31414
> Trying 127.0.0.1...
> Connected to localhost.
> Escape character is '^]'.
> Connection closed by foreign host.

What you see here is that the connection was opened successfully
(the connect succeeded) and then closed again.

> ...
> In [1]: import socket, select
> 
> In [2]: remote = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> 
> In [3]: remote.connect(('localhost',31414))
> 
> In [4]: remote.recv(200)
> Out[4]: ''

The means, that you see the same in Python:
"recv" returning an empty string indicates that the connection
was closed.

> 
> In [5]: r,w,e=select.select([remote],[remote],[remote],1)
> 
> In [6]: print r,w,e
> [<socket._socketobject object at 0x7e48d0>] [<socket._socketobject
> object at 0x7e48d0>] []

I have seen something similar recently:

  I can write ("send" to be precise) to a socket closed by
  the foreign partner without error
  (but of course, the written data does not arrive at the remote side).
  Only the second "send" raises an exception.

  I expect this is a TCP bug.


--
Dieter


From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 20 11:33:37 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:33:37 -0700
Subject: Python linker
References: <1153219116.841400.263140@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<oXz*IwZlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
	<1153302668.248056.118140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hirltp.k05a7z18fcxljN%aleax@mac.com>

Ben Sizer <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote:

> Sion Arrowsmith wrote:
> > Er, what? How are you generating your standalone executables? What
> > size is "acceptable"? python24.dll is only 1.8M -- surely on any
> > non-embedded platform these days 1.8M isn't worth bothering about.
> > And since you mention wx (all of another 4.8M) I'd guess we're
> > talking about desktop applications. Who's going to notice if your
> > executable is a couple of M slimmer?
> 
> I've considered making a few lightweight GUI apps in the past but you
> just can't do it with wxPython. When you have similar products done in
> Visual C++ weighing in at kilobytes rather than megabytes, it's hard to
> convince people that it's worth downloading your product. Say I wanted

What framework (if any) is your Visual C++ code using?  If it's using
wxWidgets (the framework underlying wxPython) I very much doubt that it
can be a few kilobytes -- unless the wxWidgets DLL is already installed
on the target machines so that it doesn't need to be packaged together
with the application code.


> to develop a simple Notepad clone with 1 or 2 extra features: the MS
> executable is 68Kb, yet to simulate it in wxPython would be over 5MB;
> nobody would want it. I suppose you can use the msvcrt library directly
> and cut out wx from the dependencies, but sadly the Python overhead is
> still a slight deterrent.
> 
> Not that I see an easy solution to this, of course.

The easy solution is to compare apples with apples: if, in your
application space, it is crucial to use only DLLs that are already
installed on the target machines, you can do that from Python (with
ctypes, for example) just as you can from C.  Of course, coding to
(e.g.) the Win32 API directly is not to everybody's tastes, but it's
just about as bad in any language.

Of course, if you believe that the runtime libraries for a given
language (Visual Basic N for some specific value of N, Visual C++ M for
some specific value of M, ...) are going to be already installed on the
target machine, then the hypothetical constraint says that you must use
that specific language and version.  For example, nobody will ever
program applications in VB6, because at some point in time the runtime
libraries for VB5 were widespread and those for VB6 were not, so a
program prepared for VB5 could be distributed as a much-smaller package.

What generally happens in the real world is rather different:
applications get programmed in whatever language and release/version is
handy, and the runtimes are separately offered for download and install
to those users who have not yet installed any previous application using
the same language and release/version.  For example, msvcr80.dll is
indispensable to use programs written with Microsoft Visual Studio 2005,
and you'll find thousands of sites on the web offering it for separate
download and installation; mfc80u.dll, similarly (albeit only at
hundreds of sites;-); and so on, and so forth.

The situation is quite similar for other languages, Python included, and
other frameworks, wxWidgets (and wxPython on top it it) included.


Alex


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 11:55:37 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:55:37 -0700
Subject: Client Server Connection Program
Message-ID: <1152028537.213508.32330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have the following code for a cline and server which I got from a
small tutorial on the web.

#!/ usr/bin/env python
# tms.py (SERVER)

import socket
import sys

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
host = ''
port = int(sys.argv[1])

s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'client is at', addr

data = conn.recv(1000000)
data = data * 1000

z = raw_input()
conn.send(data)
conn.close()

AND

#/ usr/bin/env python
# filename: tmc.py (CLIENT)

import socket
import sys

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

host = int(sys.argv[1])
port = int(sys.argv[2])

s.connect((host,port))
s.send(sys.argv[3])
i = 0
while True:
    data = s.recv(1000000)
    i+=1
    if (i<5):
        print data
    if not data:
        break
    print 'received', len(data), 'bytes'
s.close()


Server is installed on machine 192.168.1.4 and Client is 192.168.1.2


When I start server and the server is listening I start the clinet.

I started Client using ........

python tmc.py 192.168.1.4 2000 abcxyz

where 2000 is the port number  and abcxyz is the string I pass to
server, I get the following error...

ValueError: invalid literal for int(): 192.168.1.4

How can I fix this ? I am trying to achieve the most basic level of
networking between a client and a server.

Every help is appreciated.



From DustanGroups at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 08:00:51 2006
From: DustanGroups at gmail.com (Dustan)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 05:00:51 -0700
Subject: Grail not downloading
In-Reply-To: <ea4np2$8j6$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
References: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea4np2$8j6$1@ss408.t-com.hr>
Message-ID: <1153828851.528680.70930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

SuperHik wrote:
> Dustan wrote:
> > Does anybody know anything about Grail?  I've been  unable to get at
> > it, and I've tried on both Windows and Macintosh machines.
> >
> > http://grail.sourceforge.net/
> >
>
> http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/grail/grail-0.6.tgz?download

Thanks. I'll try that as soon as I get on a Mac.



From mark at nospam.org  Thu Jul 27 19:16:57 2006
From: mark at nospam.org (mark)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 09:16:57 +1000
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:54:48 -0700, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
> wonder, why use threads vs processes.

The debate should not be about "threads vs processes", it should be
about "threads vs events". Dr. John Ousterhout (creator of Tcl,
Professor of Comp Sci at UC Berkeley, etc), started a famous debate
about this 10 years ago with the following simple presentation.

http://home.pacbell.net/ouster/threads.pdf

That sentiment has largely been ignored and thread usage dominates but,
if you have been programming for as long as I have, and have used both
thread based architectures AND event/reactor/callback based
architectures, then that simple presentation above should ring very
true. Problem is, young people merely equate newer == better.

On large systems and over time, thread based architectures often tend
towards chaos. I have seen a few thread based systems where the
programmers become so frustrated with subtle timing issues etc, and they
eventually overlay so many mutexes etc, that the implementation becomes
single threaded in practice anyhow(!), and very inefficient.

BTW, I am fairly new to python but I have seen that the python Twisted
framework is a good example of the event/reactor design alternative to
threads. See

http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/async.html .

Douglas Schmidt is a famous designer and author (ACE, Corba Tao, etc)
who has written much about reactor design patterns, see
"Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Vol 2", Wiley 2000, amongst
many other references of his.



From tdelaney at avaya.com  Thu Jul 20 19:20:33 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 09:20:33 +1000
Subject: Bug? Certainly a new *behavior* from subprocess in 2.5 on Win32
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5FF1E842@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

Larry Hastings wrote:

> Under Python 2.5, both beta 1 and beta 2, it dumps the results to the
> command shell, but *also* prints this:
> 
> Exception exceptions.AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no
> attribute 'append'" in <bound method Popen.__del__ of
> <subprocess.Popen object at 0x00C04EB0>> ignored

Could you raise this as a bug on Sourceforge?

Cheers,

Tim Delaney


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul  6 06:58:35 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 12:58:35 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

meridian wrote:
> I thought I had 'got' globals but this one seems strange.
> I want my example function 'doIt' to use and optionally modify a module
> variable 'gname', so I declare 'global gname' in the function, but when
> modified it doesn't stay modified.
> 
> gname = 'Sue'
> def doIt(name = gname):

This is a FAQ, cf:
http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-default-values-shared-between-objects

Briefly : default args are eval'd only once at load/import time.


> Any ideas how I can make the 'Lisa' assignment permanent forever in 2nd
> doIt?   Thanks

def doIt(name=None):
  global gname
  if name is None:
    name = gname
  else:
    gname = name

> (Note. Contrived example substitutes for a web-type app, where, if the
> page is called without arguments then it displays the global defaults.
> If the page is called with form arguments then it should be able to
> change the global defaults)

Modifying globals from within a function is usually a very bad idea.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Sat Jul 29 05:25:00 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 11:25:00 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154137412.157812.311670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8682.1154125949.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154137412.157812.311670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607291125.01109.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

On Saturday 29 July 2006 03:43, Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> Aptitude, are you still using that? Just use Synaptic on Ubuntu. The
> problem as I wrote in my post before is that for some IDEs you don't
> just download an executable but because they are written for Linux
> first, on  Windows you have to search and install a lot of helper
> libraries that often takes quite a bit of time.
>
> And why do you want to spend half an hour searching for stuff when you
> can do just spend 1 minute in a nice graphical installer or use apt-get
> install on the command line to  install it.
>
> I am using Ubuntu primarily because it has the .deb system which I
> found to be much better mentained and which deals with dependecies a
> lot better.
>
> Nick V.

Synaptic is using aptitude as back-end (this is serious).
I also find deb system being the best. Managed with aptitude, not apt.
Windows is definitely worth the effort.

Best Regards,
Rob


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Wed Jul  5 03:30:59 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 19:30:59 +1200
Subject: slow non-blocking reads
References: <8180ef690606290927u7be4663dpe99ab59844245e6d@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.7720.1151928822.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-7B33E8.19305905072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.7720.1151928822.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 "Mark Dufour" <mark.dufour at gmail.com> wrote:

>interestingly, leaving out the fcntl stuff makes it work much faster.

No surprises there...


From blue99 at interia.pl  Mon Jul 31 05:33:50 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 02:33:50 -0700
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154338430.087307.138950@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


> This is my function:
> selecteddeptcodes = context.REQUEST.DEPTCODE
> currentstatus = context.REQUEST.STATUS
>
> if currentstatus == 'pending':
>  for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
>    context.changetolive(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
> if currentstatus == 'old':
>  for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes:
>    context.changetopending(DEPTCODE=dptcd)
> return context.pub_dept_form(context, context.REQUEST, message='Updated
> Status')
>
> The argument in question is selecteddeptcodes.

You can use isinstance or function like that:

>>> def list_from_string(s):
...     try:
...             s + ''
...             return [s]
...     except:
...             return s

and then:

>>> def f(selecteddeptcodes):
...     if selecteddeptcodes is None: return
...     selecteddeptcodes = list_from_string(selecteddeptcodes)
...     for dptcd in selecteddeptcodes: print dptcd
...
>>> f(['aaa', 'bbb'])
aaa
bbb
>>> f(['aaa'])
aaa
>>> f('aaa')
aaa
>>> f(None)
>>> 


Regards,
Rob



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Thu Jul 27 11:24:12 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 15:24:12 GMT
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D809C431DEduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154011793.239223.168840@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154013046.425705.128980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980DA6D46595Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Simon Forman wrote:

> If you need help understanding it please ask questions.  I, for one,
> would be happy to comment it for you to explain how it works.  It's so
> nice and elegant that I've already cut-and-pasted it into my own
> "notebook" of cool useful python "patterns" to use in the future.
> 
> Reread it slowly, think about what it's doing, if questions arise write
> them down and ask them.  Duncan's code is beautiful.  It's well worth
> your time to understand it.

If you convert what I wrote into an example which actually runs then do 
repost it. It might also be easier to understand since I'm sure I'll have 
made some mistakes or omitted some critical bits (such as the import 
lines).


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 24 17:38:20 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:38:20 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <ea3cjj$lg1$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>	<44C532BB.4070004@mvista.com>
	<ea3cjj$lg1$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <44C53DCC.4030703@mvista.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
>
>>
>>     
> I take this to mean you don't want to do the necessary research? ;-)
>   
Well, i've been looking at this on and off for quite some time now, I 
almost feel like I've seen it all in regards to the "thread killer" 
scenario.  It could be that i'm not finding or understanding the answers 
I'm getting from google.  But after the last email I sat here with my 
python book, the python cook book, the python module reference, and 
google for a few minutes before responding.  I swear... i'm not THAT 
lazy.  Just curious and uninformed!  Questions of event driven python 
generally lead me to twisted.  I will admit that I haven't read much 
about that yet.

>> There is no system that is completely interruptible, there will always 
>> be a state in which it is not safe to interrupt, but many systems work 
>> around this just fine with cautious programming.  Has anyone considered 
>> an event driven approach to sending control messages to threads?
>>
>>     
> The big problem (as you'll see when you ...) is providing facilities 
> that are platform-independent.
>
>   
Ah, I could see that.  I think before I can make any suggestions on this 
front I need to start reading python source code.

Gracias,

Carl




-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From dadapapa at googlemail.com  Wed Jul 19 10:53:44 2006
From: dadapapa at googlemail.com (Harold Fellermann)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 07:53:44 -0700
Subject: ScientificPython - LeastSquareFit diverges
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8311.1153259067.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8311.1153259067.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153320823.944641.260330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for your advices, Terry and Konrad,

using the linear fit as initial condition for the pawerlow fit works
pretty well for my data.
(I already had the two calculations but performed them vice versa ...
:-) Anyway, I had
the impression that the leastSquaresFit in Scientific Python is an
implementation of
the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm as it is presented in the Numerical
Recipes. Accoring
to reviews, this algorithm is not famous for its stability
(e.g. http://www.stanford.edu/class/cme302/wnnr/nr.html). Better
implementations
are out there (e.g. http://www.ics.forth.gr/~lourakis/levmar/). Are
there any plans to
improve the SciPy algorithm? Would it be a welcome contribution to
SciPy to work
this part out?

- harold -



From 3dbernard at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 15:10:07 2006
From: 3dbernard at gmail.com (Bernard Lebel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:10:07 -0400
Subject: Problem with sub-classing
In-Reply-To: <e9glir$c47$00$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <mailman.8261.1153159670.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9glir$c47$00$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <61d0e2b40607171210y56626070x284ce5c66f983fdc@mail.gmail.com>

Okay, that make sense.

Now the question is: regarding the re-binding behavior, is this
actually problematic? By that I mean that is it good coding practice
to avoid this issue altogether as much as possible, or is it okay to
live with it if you use the __init__ argument trick you have shown?


Thanks
Bernard



On 7/17/06, Peter Otten <__peter__ at web.de> wrote:
> Bernard Lebel wrote:
>
> > Hello,
> >
> > I have this problem when subclassing classes where I get this error:
> >
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >
> > File "<Script Block >", line 344, in BBExportElementGranules_Execute
> >     from bb_pipeline import bb_exportelementgranules
> >
> > File
> >
> "\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_exportelementgranules.py",
> > line 101, in ?
> >     oWriter = bbExportGranules()
> >
> > File
> >
> "\\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\Data\Scripts\bb_pipeline\bb_granules\bb_granuleexport\bb_granuleexport_element.py",
> > line 73, in __init__
> >     bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
> >
> > TypeError: unbound method __init__() must be called with bbExportMeta
> > instance as first argument (got bbExportGranules instance instead)
> >  - [line 343 in
> >
> \\Linuxserver\ANIMATION\XSI\WORKGROUP_ANIMATION\plugins\bb_pipeline\bb_pipeline_py.py]
> >
> >
> > In normal English:
> >
> > I have class bbExportGranules
> > bbExportGranules is a sub-class of 6 other classes
> > In the __init__() of bbExportGranules class, I call the __init__() of
> > 5 of these super-classes.
> >
> >
> > The init of bbExportGranules:
> >
> > class bbExportGranules( bbExportMeta, bbExportClusters,
> > bbExportMaterials, bbExportKinematics, bbExportModels, bbExportMetaToc
> > ):
> >
> > def __init__( self ):
> >
> > bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
> > bbExportClusters.__init__( self )
> > bbExportMaterials.__init__( self )
> > bbExportKinematics.__init__( self )
> > bbExportModels.__init__( self )
> >
> >
> > And the bbExportMeta class (the error is raised when bbExportGranules
> > is subclassing that one):
> >
> > class bbExportMeta:
> >
> > def __init__( self ):
> >
> > self.iPreviousAssetVersion = gec.iNOPREVIOUSASSETVERSION
> > self.iCurrentAssetVersion = gec.iMINCURRENTASSETVERSION
> > self.sPreviousAssetProject = xsi.getdefaultproject()
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Any suggestion? I really, really don't see what I'm doing wrong here,
> > especially that it actually used to work!
>
> Change bbExportGranules to
>
> class bbExportGranules( bbExportMeta, bbExportClusters,
> bbExportMaterials, bbExportKinematics, bbExportModels, bbExportMetaToc
> ):
>
> def __init__(self,  bbExportMeta=bbExportMeta): # the only change
>
> bbExportMeta.__init__( self )
> bbExportClusters.__init__( self )
> bbExportMaterials.__init__( self )
> bbExportKinematics.__init__( self )
> bbExportModels.__init__( self )
>
> If it then starts to work again you are probably rebinding bbExportMeta
> later in your script, e. g:
>
> >>> class A:
> ...     def method(self): pass
> ...
> >>> class B(A):
> ...     def method(self):
> ...             A.method(self)
> ...
> >>> b = B()
> >>> b.method() # no error
> >>> class A: # rebinding A
> ...     def method(self): pass
> ...
> >>> b.method() # oops
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>   File "<stdin>", line 3, in method
> TypeError: unbound method method() must be called with A instance as first
> argument (got B instance instead)
>
> One way to make that happen is to import the same file twice, once as part
> of a package and once directly. Solution: never set a path into a
> package...
>
> Peter
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From lists at videonetwork.org  Fri Jul 28 10:55:13 2006
From: lists at videonetwork.org (Ben Edwards (lists))
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 15:55:13 +0100
Subject: Unicode question
Message-ID: <1154098513.8407.29.camel@localhost.localdomain>

I am using python 2.4 on Ubuntu dapper, I am working through Dive into
Python.

There are a couple of inconsictencies.

Firstly sys.setdefaultencoding('iso?8859?1') does not work, I have to do
sys.setdefaultencoding = 'iso?8859?1'

secondly the following does not give a 'UnicodeError: ASCII encoding
error:', and I would expect ti to.  In fact it prints out the n with ~
above it fine:

sys.setdefaultencoding = 'ascii'
s = u'La Pe\xf1a'
print s

Any insight?
Ben




From spe.stani.be at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:58:06 2006
From: spe.stani.be at gmail.com (SPE - Stani's Python Editor)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:58:06 -0700
Subject: import question on wx ?
In-Reply-To: <Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1154014411.758125.289350@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Z75yg.2589$No6.50700@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154019486.219954.116740@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

John Salerno wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > I have installed wx and everything looks fine. I have written a small
> > app that uses wx.
> >
> > When I run my program from the console like
> > ubuntu $ python PROGRAM_NAME.py
> >
> > it gives error
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "Project.py", line 6, in ?
> >     import wx
> > ImportError: No module named wx
> >
> >
> > But if I run the program from SPE (Stani's Python Editor) it just runs
> > fine.
>
> It could be that the Python version you are using to launch the app from
> the console is the preinstalled version on your system and therefore
> wxPython wasn't installed into that version. Do you have multiple
> versions of Python installed? Probably SPE is using the other version
> which *does* have wxPython in it.
To see which versions SPE uses, go to Help>About and the versions are
mentioned under "Program info". Compare that to the version which
appears if you just type "python" in the command prompt. I've posted a
"howto" on the ubuntuforums how to install the latest wxpython and SPE
on Ubuntu:
http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=218001&highlight=wxpython

Stani



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Tue Jul  4 05:31:15 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (Rony Steelandt)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 11:31:15 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <44aa3481$0$1023$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>


"Sybren Stuvel" <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> a ?crit dans le 
message de news: slrneakce1.7km.sybrenUSE at schuimige.stuvel.eu...
> Rony Steelandt enlightened us with:
>> I wonder if somebody had a Sudoko solver written in Python ?
>
> Check out http://www.stuvel.eu/sodoku - it is a Sudoku game with the
> ability to solve & create new puzzles.
>
> Sybren
> -- 
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                             Frank Zappa

yes thanks Sybren, I just found yours.
looks good and I have wx installed

@to others,
sorry for the question, you where right, google had the answer


thanks

rony




From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 00:36:58 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 21:36:58 -0700
Subject: how to stop python...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151901418.819225.150040@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything similar. how can a
> python app be stopped?
>
> the docs refer to a sys.stop.. but i can't find anything else... am i
> missing something...
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce

What you want is sys.exit()
See: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-sys.html



From kadeko at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:22:09 2006
From: kadeko at gmail.com (looping)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:22:09 -0700
Subject: Dispatch with multiple inheritance
In-Reply-To: <1153290359.386410.125370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <Michael.J.Fromberger-30774D.14533618072006@localhost>
	<1153290359.386410.125370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153304529.427816.273710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


looping wrote:
> Michael J. Fromberger wrote:
> >
> > Is there a better (i.e., more elegant) way to handle the case marked
> > (**) above?
> >
>
> You have to call super in each method __init__, if you don't, the call
> chain break before the end:
>
> class A (object):
>     def __init__(self):
>         super(A, self).__init__()
>         print "cons A"
>
> class B (object):
>     def __init__(self):
>         super(B, self).__init__()
>         print "cons B"
>
> class C (A):
>     def __init__(self):
>         super(C, self).__init__()
>         print "cons C"
>
> class D (B):
>     def __init__(self):
>         super(D, self).__init__()
>         print "cons D"
>
> class E (C, D):
>     def __init__(self):
>         super(E, self).__init__()  # calls C constructor
>         print "cons E"

After a second tought, it's probably better to call __init__ method
explicitly in class E:

class A (object):
    def __init__(self):
        print "cons A"

class B (object):
    def __init__(self):
        print "cons B"

class C (A):
    def __init__(self):
        super(C, self).__init__()
        print "cons C"

class D (B):
    def __init__(self):
        super(D, self).__init__()
        print "cons D"

class E (C, D):
    def __init__(self):
        D.__init__(self)
        C.__init__(self)
        print "cons E"

this way you have to choose which __init__ from class D or class C is
calling, and which is calling first.
Any Python Guru to give is opinion ?



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 12 07:15:33 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 13:15:33 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Lousy Attribute Name:
> 	self.tmp
> 
> Accessors:
> 	set_temporary_buffer
> 	get_temporary_buffer
> 
> The attribute name I chose, "tmp" sucks.

Well, it's surely not as descriptive as 'temporary_buffer'

> I have used that name in
> dozens of places spanning over 27000 LOC. 

Too bad for you.

> There's a chance that other
> develops might misinterpret exactly what "tmp" does. Plus I don't want
> emails from other developers querying me about what "tmp" is/does.
> "tmp" is obvious to me, but not necessarily to others.

So why did you name it that way at first ?

> Now compare that
> to the accessors. 

But 'tmp' actually *is* an accessor.

> Not only do they improve readability

Err... do you find:

obj.set_temporary_buffer(val)
val = obj.get_temporary_buffer()

really more readable than:

obj.temporary_buffer = val
val = obj.temporary_buffer


> at the expense
> of more code,

Indeed. In both the class and client code.

> they actually allow me to change the lousily named
> attribute "tmp" to "temporary_buffer" without grepping, seding,
> searching, replacing and praying.

You still fail to get the point. You actually choose a crappy name for a
*public* property. It's *exactly* as if, in Java, you had named your
getter/setter 'get_tmp' and 'set_tmp'.

> Sure, if you are dealing with less
> than a 1000LOC you can get away with using "tmp" or renaming it easily.
> But if you are dealing with a much larger code base and more
> developers, issues like this rapidly become a nuisance.

Indeed. But it's *your* responsability to choose good names for the API.

> Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
or 'tmp'.

> But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.

s/developpers/you/

> This
> stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> usually part of the API, 

Once again, in Python, there is *no* such thing as 'data attributes'.
*All* attributes are *objects* - some of them callable.

> as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
> blah.

Don't confuse encapsulation with data-hiding.

> I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
> philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
> state their intended purpose.

That's true for each and every name in a program.

> I don't hold data attributes to such
> standards 

Too bad for you.

> and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
> other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when
> attributes are not intended to be APIs,

Then mark them as being implementation (ie : prefix them with a single
underscore).

> but eventually become one.
> After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
> methods.

Nope. You have the class API, and the class implementation. Both made of
both callable and non-callable attributes.

Mystilleef, I do share your pain (really - been here, done that,
etc...), and I understand that grasping Python requires some mental
adjustments when coming from Java and friends (been here, done that,
etc...). But you seriously can't blame the language for your own mistakes.

If you intented 'tmp' to be part of the API, then you're responsible for
the bad naming. If you didn't, then you're responsible for breaking the
encapsulation - FWIW, following the convention (single leading
underscore) could have make it clearer to you. In both cases, you
happily used a bad name in 27 KLOC - so you really had a lot of time and
occasions to notice something wrong with this.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From roberts.noah at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:06:09 2006
From: roberts.noah at gmail.com (Noah Roberts)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:06:09 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154019969.786788.78960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:

> I am no C++ expert but i guess there might be some in the Python and
> C++ newsgroups.
>

Provide compilable code that exibits your problem.  The technique is
sound; you must be screwing up somehow.


#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
class counted
{
  static int count;

public:
  counted() { ++ count; }
  counted(const counted<T> &) { ++ count; }
  virtual ~counted() { -- count; }
  static int getCount() { return count; }
};

template <typename T>
int counted<T>::count = 0;

class C1 : public counted<C1>
{
public:
  C1() : counted() {}
};

class C2 : public counted<C2>
{
public:
  C2() : counted() {}
};

int main(void)
{
  C1 c11;
  C1 c12;
  C2 c2;

  cout << C1::getCount() << endl;
  cout << C2::getCount() << endl;

  int c;
  cin >> c;

  return 0;
}


output is 2 and 1 as expected.  Removing the constructors in the
derivatives doesn't change that fact.



From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 09:43:19 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 06:43:19 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.14.09.25.56.177358@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1152884599.514541.304870@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:

> In the Java snippet from your initial post the `chararray` argument was an
> *array* of `Byte` arrays.  A string is just an one dimensional "byte
> array".  Maybe it helps if you put `chararray` into a list!?

Yup, thanks, that was one that I did try with no improvement:
fileobj = open('testfile.txt', mode='r')
chararray = fileobj.read()
fileobj.close()

soap.addAttachmentsToIssue(auth,'TST-4','scriptattach.txt',[chararray])

fails with:
SOAPpy.Types.faultType: <Fault Server.userException: No such operation
'addAttachmentsToIssue': <SOAPpy.Types.structType detail at
-1216379924>: {'hostname': '<removed>'}>

which is an uglier and less informative trace unfortunately.  Thanks,
though.



From jo at durchholz.org  Fri Jul 14 18:00:31 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 00:00:31 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
	<1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e994ev$lj6$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> You can have aliasing without pointers; e.g. arrays are fully sufficient.
>> If i = j, then a [i] and a [j] are aliases of the same object.
> 
> I am having a hard time with this very broad definition of aliasing.
> Would we also say that a[1+1] and a[2] are aliases? It seems
> to me, above, that we have only a, and with only one variable
> there can be no aliasing.

a[1] is a variable, too. You can assign values to it.

Inside function foo when called as foo(a[1]), it may even be referenced 
with yet another name and updated in isolation; foo may not even know 
it's an array element. (This is sort-of true in C, and definitely true 
in languages that don't have pointer arithmetic. If you pass a[1] to a 
call-by-reference parameter in Pascal, the callee has no way to access 
the parameter as if it were an array element.)

> A further question:
> 
> given a 32 bit integer variable x, and offsets i and j (equal as in
> the above example) would you say that
> 
>    x &= (1 << i)
> and
>    x &= (1 << j)
> 
> are aliased expressions for setting a particular bit in x?

Yes.

> I am not being facetious; I am trying to understand the limits
> of your definition for aliasing.

Understood and appreciated.

>> (After I observed that, I found it no longer a surprise that array
>> optimizations are what Fortran compiler teams sink most time into. The
>> aliasing problems are *exactly* the same as those with pointers in C -
>> though in practice, the Fortranistas have the advantage that the
>> compiler will usually know that a [i] and b [j] cannot be aliases of
>> each other, so while they have the same problems, the solutions give the
>> Fortranistas more leverage.)
> 
> I don't understand this paragraph. On the one hand, it seems you
> are saying that C and Fortran are identically burdened with the
> troubles caused by aliasing, and then a moment later it seems
> you are saying the situation is distinctly better with Fortran.

That's exactly the situation.
Aliasing is present in both language, but in Fortran, the guarantee that 
two names aren't aliased are easier to come by.
Even more non-aliasing guarantees exist if the language has a more 
expressive type system. In most cases, if you know that two expressions 
have different types, you can infer that they cannot be aliases.

Of course, the life of compiler writers if of less importance to us; I 
added them only because the reports of Fortran compilers having aliasing 
problems due to array indexes made me aware that pointers aren't the 
only source of aliasing. That was quite a surprise to me then.

> Now with this, it appears you are agreeing that SQL has an advantage
> vis-a-vis aliasing compared to OO languages. Yes?

Sure.
I think that making an aliasing bug in SQL is just as easy as in any 
pointer-ridden language, but transactions and constraints (plus the 
considerably smaller typical size of SQL code) make it far easier to 
diagnose any such bugs.

> If so, we are agreeing on the part I care about, and the specifics of
> just what we call aliasing are not so important to me.

I'm not sure whether I'm getting the same mileage out of this, but the 
relevance of a problem is obviously a function on what one is doing on a 
day-to-day basis, so I can readily agree with that :-)

Regards,
Jo


From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 13 00:50:18 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:50:18 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hidtys.1uwjmjo1dha634N%aleax@mac.com>

Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
   ...
> I'm not sure about which languages you are talking (pretty much all that
> allow public methods also allow public attributes), but in general I think

Smalltalk is a very well known object-oriented language that behaves
otherwise, just as one example.


Alex


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 21:58:39 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 18:58:39 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <1152837924_7338@news-east.n>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152582869.586707.277060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152837924_7338@news-east.n>
Message-ID: <1152842319.662737.149340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Edmond Dantes wrote:
> placid wrote:
>
> >
> > alimoe wrote:
> >> > Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?
> >>
> >> whats the difference?
> >
> >
> > Genetic Programming:
> > is an automated methodology inspired by biological evolution to find
> > computer programs that best perform a user-defined task.
> >
> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Programming
> >
> > Genetic Algorithms: search technique used in computer science to find
> > approximate solutions to optimization and search problems.
> >
> > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_algorithms
>
> I would tend to think that Lisp is more suited for Genetic Programming than
> Python is. However, it is possible to do. Heck, I even had the crazy idea
> of doing Genetic Programming in C++ once, however ugly that would've
> been!!!!!

My university (RMIT) has a framework for doing Genetic Programming in
C++ and it was really ugly at all.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul  4 09:48:46 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 15:48:46 +0200
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aa71bf$0$11005$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
<ot>please stop top-posting, it's getting very annoying</ot>

> ya know, I've searched for these "new classes" at least five times.

Then go and buy yourself a pair of glasses. It's one of the entrie in
the "documentation" menu of python.org.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From klaus at seistrup.dk  Fri Jul  7 13:50:23 2006
From: klaus at seistrup.dk (Klaus Alexander Seistrup)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 17:50:23 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: How can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152293997.461211.251340@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8m6sv$710$1@minji.szn.dk>

mensanator at aol.com wrote:

> 		if histogram.has_key(s):
> 			histogram[s] += 1
> 		else:
> 			histogram[s] = 1

I wonder if

	histogram[s] = histogram.get(s, 0) + 1

would be more efficient...

Cheers,

-- 
Klaus Alexander Seistrup
Copenhagen, Denmark
http://ipsum.dk/


From nospam at invalid.com  Fri Jul  7 06:31:26 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 03:31:26 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <rbWdnY8e6_awpTPZnZ2dnUVZ_vadnZ2d@comcast.com>

I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.

> You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
> if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
> performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
>
> Jean-Paul 




From kusanagi1977 at aim.com  Wed Jul 19 02:52:55 2006
From: kusanagi1977 at aim.com (Kusanagi)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 01:52:55 -0500
Subject: Python : Event-Driven Paradigm
References: <0J2M00A7UBXCCMM6@vms044.mailsrvcs.net>
Message-ID: <002501c6aaff$f6fd84f0$0201a8c0@sirsystem>

Were you looking for more specific features?

Parallel Processing. 

Grant, 
    
        It looks like I have a lot more studying to do, all of the information that I have seems to be screwed up. I will look at event
loops in Python to see if that answers my question. I was just looking at the event-driven programming page on wikipedia and it mentioned that TCL had event driven programming built in, go figure and it did not mention python at all. I have made a lot of assumptions, and you know the old saying that assumptions are the mother of all fu**ups. Well I am going to get back to it, interest thing just occurred though. I have a program that actually runs faster with the more user-defined functions called than with less, I am trying to track down the reason why. I am ecstatic! I am getting into parallel processing because of a graphics project that I am researching and I have to stay with Python, because I don't want to spend a year recoding what others have already completed and tweaked to max efficiency. What a vicious circle I am caught up in. 

As always thanks for the response E-mail. I have not even checked out the Google groups yet, but I will very soon. 

                - Steven. 
  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Grant Olson 
  To: 'Kusanagi' 
  Sent: Tuesday, July 18, 2006 4:34 PM
  Subject: RE: Python : Event-Driven Paradigm


  This is weird, but your post didn't show up on Google Groups; looks like it did on python list.  I was going to let you know that you can just post to python list, and if I have anything worthwhile to say I'll put it up there, but I always check through google groups.

   

  Anyway, I don't really have much worthwhile to say on this question, but I think the general response on python-list would be that it isn't too hard to write a basic event loop with stock python; were you looking for more specific features?

   

  -Grant

   


------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  From: Kusanagi [mailto:kusanagi1977 at aim.com] 
  Sent: Tuesday, July 18, 2006 5:03 AM
  To: Python Mailing List; Grant Olson; Bob Ippolito
  Subject: Python : Event-Driven Paradigm

   

  Hi All, 

   

      I have been looking through wikipedia at the Event-Driven Page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event-driven_programming

  and I noticed that it mentions that TCL has event driven programming built in. I also looked over the Python 3000 proposals and I did not notice any mention of future versions of python that are going to be changed to include this awesome feature. 

   

      I currently use the Twisted framework in various ways and I was just curious to know if the event-driven paradigm is going to be implemented without the use of 3rd party frameworks. i.e. Twisted. in the future. 

   

      If this question has already been asked and answered then please accept my apology. 

   

   

      - Steven. 

   

   
-------------- next part --------------
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From timr at probo.com  Sat Jul 22 17:34:11 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:34:11 GMT
Subject: subprocess module
References: <1153403943.736538.197440@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <fd65c29e9embpj9ssib07so0mvcp63jin9@4ax.com>

"placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> wrote:

>Hi all,
>
>If someone could give me an example of creating a subprocess (on
>Windows) using the subprocess module and Popen class and connecting to
>its stdout/stdin file handles. I googled for a bit but the only example
>i found was here ;

"Use the source, Luke."  The best examples of the use of subprocess are
contained in the introductory comments in the module itself.
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 07:09:01 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:09:01 -0700
Subject: class instance scope
Message-ID: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I have a class defined in a file called foo.py

In bar.py I've imported foo.py
In bar.py's main function, I instantiate the class as follows:

log = foo.log(x, y, z)

Now in main I'm able to use log.view(), log.error() et cetera.

But when I call the same method from some functions which are in
bar.py, it fails giving me the following error:

NameError: global name 'log' is not defined

1) I tried lookng into the docs but couldn't find anything on instance
scope.
2) How is such situation tackled ? Will I have to instantiate in every
function ?

Ritesh



From thibault at physics.cornell.edu  Wed Jul 26 14:08:19 2006
From: thibault at physics.cornell.edu (Pierre Thibault)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:08:19 -0400
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<ea86nh$kfo$03$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.26.18.08.19.147740@physics.cornell.edu>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:54:39 +0200, Peter Otten wrote:

> Pierre Thibault wrote:
> 
>> Hello!
>> 
>> I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
>> because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
>> iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
>> I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
>> was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
>> STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
>> 
>> template <class H>
>> class MyClass
>> {
>> public:
>> 
>> MyClass(H& o1, H& o2) : object1(o1), object2(o2) {}
>> 
>> void compute();
>> 
>> private:
>> H& object1;
>> H& object2;
>> 
>> };
>> 
>> template <class H>
>> void MyClass::compute()
>> {
>> typedef typename H::iterator I;
>> 
>> I o1_begin = object1.begin();
>> I o2_begin = object2.begin();
>>         I o1_end = object1.end();
>> 
>> for(I io1 = o1_begin, io2 = o2_begin; io1 != o1_end; ++io1, ++io2)
>>  {
>> // Do something with *io1 and *io2, for instance:
>> // *io1 += *io2;
>> }
>> }
>> 
>> This is all nice: any object having a forward iterator works in there.
>> 
>> Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
>> would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
>> read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
>> 
>> io1 = iter(object1)
>> io2 = iter(object2)
>> 
>> try:
>>   while 1:
>>     io1.next() += io2.next()
>> except StopIteration:
>>   pass
>> 
>> That won't work:
>> SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
>> 
>> Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?
> 
> You need a temporary variable (out in the example below):
> 
>>>> accus = [[] for i in range(3)]
>>>> ins = ("abc" for i in range(3))
>>>> outs = iter(accus)
>>>> while 1:
> ...     out = outs.next()
> ...     out += ins.next()
> ...
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
> StopIteration
> 
> In idiomatic Python that becomes
> 
>>>> accus = [[] for i in range(3)]
>>>> ins = ("abc" for i in range(3))
>>>> outs = iter(accus)
>>>> from itertools import izip
>>>> for out, in_ in izip(outs, ins):
> ...     out += in_
> ...
>>>> accus
> [['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b', 'c'], ['a', 'b', 'c']]
> 
> 
> Peter

Hum, this example seems like a special case not really appropriate for my
needs. Let me make my problem a little more precise. The objects I'll want
to iterate through will always contain some floats. Very often, I guess
they will be numpy.ndarray instances, but they can be something else as
well. For instance, I will have to deal with arrays having internal
symmetries (crystallographic datasets). The most efficient thing to do
with those is save only the unique values and keep track of the symmetry
operations needed to extract other values.

A 1d examples: I have a class which represents a unit cell
which has the additional mirror symmetry in the middle of the cell. Say
C is an instance of this class representing data on a 50-long array. Only
25 datum will be stored in C, and the class takes care of giving the value
of C[0] if C[49] is asked, C[1] for C[48], and so on. Since crystals are
periodic, the translational symmetry can also be managed (C[-1] == C[49]
== C[0], C[-2] == C[48] == C[1]...). In any case, the user of this object
need not know how the data is stored: for him, C is just a funny
array-like object defined from -infinity to +infinity on a 1-D lattice.

Now, I want to do simple math operations on the data in C. Doing a loop
from 0 to 49 would loop twice through the actual data. In this
context, an iterator is perfect since it can take care internally of going
through the data only once, so it would be great to access _AND MODIFY_
data over which I iterate.

I now realize I don't know how to do that with numpy.ndarray either. It
looks like the only way I can modify the content of an array is by using
the [] notation (that is, in random access). For instance, the
following will not change the state of a:

import numpy
a = numpy.array([[1.,2.,3.],[4.,5.,6.],[7.,8.,9.]])

for c in a.flat
    c += 2.

Of course, I know that a += .2 would be alright, but this is not general
enough for more complicated classes.

So I guess my problem is worst than I thought.

Thanks anyway for your help!

Pierre




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 04:32:11 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 10:32:11 +0200
Subject: Tkinter and dialogs
In-Reply-To: <44ac4a4c$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
References: <44ac4a4c$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <e8ihqa$157$1@sea.gmane.org>

dwelch91 wrote:

 > I get no windows, not even the root Tk one.

no time to dig deeper into this right now, but the culprit is probably a 
combination of this line

          self.transient(parent)

and the after_idle approach to create the Dialog (Toplevel) window.  the 
transient call tells Tkinter to make the new dialogue window dependent 
on the parent (which is the root Tk window in this case), but that 
window hasn't been created yet when you get to transient, so Tk ends up 
waiting for something that obviously never happens...

as a workaround, you can either remove the transient call, or insert an 
explicit root.update() before the root.after_idle() call.

> root = None

> global root
> root = Tk()

unrelated to your question: "global" is used in a local scope (a 
function or method) to indicate that a variable that you assign to is a 
global variable.  for the full story, see

     http://pyref.infogami.com/naming-and-binding

</F>



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Sun Jul 30 03:26:09 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 09:26:09 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com><mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org><3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com><mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org><7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com><mailman.8655.1154092222.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44cb3802$0$15793$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <004f01c6b3a9$6e4505e0$03000080@hendrik>

"Damjan" <gdamjan at gmail.com> wrote:


| > | A common recovery mechanism in embedded systems is a watchdog timer,
| > | which is a hardware device that must be poked by the software every
| > | so often (e.g. by writing to some register).  If too long an interval
| > | goes by without a poke, the WDT hard-resets the cpu.  Normally the
| > | software would poke the WDT from its normal periodic timing routine.
| > | A loop like you describe would stop the timing routine from running,
| > | eventually resulting in a reset.
| >
| > *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that I
| > have not seen on PC's yet...
|
| The intel 810 chipset (and all after that) has a builtin watchdog timer -
| unfortunetally on some motherboards it's disabled (I guess in the BIOS).
|
| How do I know that?
| Once I got Linux installed on a new machine.... and although the install
| went without a problem, after the first boot the machine would reboot on
| exactly 2 minutes.
| After a bit of poking around I found that hotplug detected the WDT support
| and loaded the driver for it (i8xx_tco), and it seems the WDT chip was set
| to start ticking right away after the driver poked it.

Yikes! "some poking around" - with two minutes to do it in - must have scarred
you for life!

- Hendrik




From schmitt at num.uni-sb.de  Fri Jul 14 13:08:02 2006
From: schmitt at num.uni-sb.de (Uwe Schmitt)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 19:08:02 +0200
Subject: printing raw postscript data on windows
Message-ID: <1152896884$mail2nntp@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>


Hi,

I am trying to print raw postscript data on windows.
win32print should do the work like this:

   h=win32print.OpenPrinter(name)
   win32print.StartDocPrinter(h, 1, ("", "", "RAW"))
   win32print.WritePrinter(h, file("p.ps").read())
   win32print.EndDocPrinter(h)
   win32print.ClosePrinter(h)

This works for some printers, but not for all. The
problem is, that no error messages or exceptions
occur. 

Is there any other way to print raw data ? I am using
wx, but wx does not seem to provide this functionality.

Greetings, Uwe




From stefan at mayr-stefan.de  Tue Jul  4 07:54:28 2006
From: stefan at mayr-stefan.de (stefan at mayr-stefan.de)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 04:54:28 -0700
Subject: Howto get the argument defaults of a function using an AST-object?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7768.1152012567.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152012135.104067.180560@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7768.1152012567.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152014068.807148.281980@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh schrieb:
> ....
> > def foo(x, y=True)
> > def foo(x=True, y)
>
> the latter is a syntax error.
> ...
>
> the defaults array contains the defaults for the len(defaults) last arguments.

And again the own stupidity: I didn't check all my testcases for syntax
errors.

Thanks a lot,

    Stefan



From spam at erinye.com  Tue Jul 18 05:11:11 2006
From: spam at erinye.com (Daniel Fischer)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 11:11:11 +0200
Subject: Google Earth contact? (OT, sort of...)
References: <mailman.8280.1153203594.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.18.09.11.11.583417@df.erinye.com>

Bell, Kevin!

> Does anyone know a contact for anyone that works for Google Earth?  I
> wanted to shoot 'em an email about a possible enhancement, but they're
> smart enough to not leave contact info ANYWHERE on their websites.

They do have a form for sales inquiry, though. 

Of course, when I sent them a request on behalf of the company I work for,
I ever only received an automated reply, so don't expect too much.


Daniel


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Fri Jul  7 06:43:30 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:43:30 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44ae3ad3$0$1338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-06, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
> 
> 
>>>AP> Aren't we now talking about implementation details? Sure the compilor
>>>AP> can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
>>>AP> so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
>>>AP> decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
>>>AP> the scopes higher up.
>>
>>Yes, as I (and others) have already said several times: an assignment to a
>>variable inside a function body (but not an assignment to an attribute or
>>part of an object) without a global declaration makes that variable a local
>>variable. That is not an implementation detail; it is part of the language definition.
> 
> 
> You seem to think I didn't understand this. 

And he's right, cf below.

(snip)

> Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
> was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
> depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
> more complicated.

You're obviously clueless. Which would not be a problem if you did not
refuse to first aknowledge the fact then take appropriate actions.

> Sure people may prefer to speak about (re)binding
> vs mutating variables, but just because I didn't use the prefered terms,

If you refuse to understand that there are pretty good reasons to use
the appropriate semantic, that's your problem, but then no one can help
you.

> starting to doubt my understanding of the language, seems a bit
> premature IMO.

I do not 'doubt', I'm 111% confident.

> I'm sure there are areas where my understanding of
> the language is shaky, metaclasses being one of them, but understanding
> how names are searched doesn't seem to be one of them.

It is, obviously.

And you're definitively a crank.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From metaperl at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 09:16:21 2006
From: metaperl at gmail.com (metaperl)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 06:16:21 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1154345450.373339.74070@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154351781.839601.250070@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Andy Dingley wrote:

>
> Python is one of the best languages I've found for
> platform-independence - significantly better than Perl.

The reason I'm going with vmware is because I'm afraid that I will need
to compile a C portiion of a Python module and that will not be a
pretty picture under Windows... true or false?



From geli at tasmail.com  Wed Jul  5 22:50:06 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:50:06 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
In-Reply-To: <1152152240.611775.129880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152152240.611775.129880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152154206.733757.79950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:

> gel wrote:
>
> <snip>
>
> > class testclass:
> >     import wmi
> >     import time
> >     global d_software
> >     global l_notepad
> >     global d_licence_numbers
> >     d_licence_numbers = {"notepad.exe":1, "Adobe":1}
> >     l_notepad =[]
> >     d_software = {"notepad.exe":[[],[]], "Adobe":[[],[]]}
> >
>
>
> Wow!  For a second there I thought you could make a "global" class
> attribute in a way I'd never seen before...
>
> But it's turns out you can't.
>
> >>> k = 0
> >>> class foo:
> 	global k
> 	def wow(self, n):
> 		self.k += n
>
>
> >>> foo.k
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<pyshell#31>", line 1, in -toplevel-
>     foo.k
> AttributeError: class foo has no attribute 'k'
> >>> f = foo()
> >>> f.k
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<pyshell#32>", line 1, in -toplevel-
>     f.k
> AttributeError: foo instance has no attribute 'k'
> >>> f.wow(23)
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<pyshell#33>", line 1, in -toplevel-
>     f.wow(23)
>   File "<pyshell#29>", line 4, in wow
>     self.k += n
> AttributeError: foo instance has no attribute 'k'
> >>>
>
>
> BTW,  that's a weird place to put import statements.
>
> Peace,
> ~Simon

Yeah I am still getting my head around things... not exactly sure what
you where saying about the globals, but this works


global k
k = 5
class foo:

        def wow(self, n):
                global k
                k += n
                return k


f=foo()
f.wow(55)



From Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 08:46:17 2006
From: Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com (Raphael.Benedet at gmail.com)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 05:46:17 -0700
Subject: Understanding Unicode & encodings
Message-ID: <1153658777.297329.278520@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

For my application, I would like to execute an SQL query like this:
self.dbCursor.execute("INSERT INTO track (name, nbr, idartist, idalbum,
path) VALUES ('%s', %s, %s, %s, '%s')" % (track, nbr, idartist,
idalbum, path))
where the different variables are returned by the libtagedit python
bindings as Unicode. Every time I execute this, I get an exception like
this:

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xa1 in position
64: ordinal not in range(128)

I tried to encode the different variables in many different encodings
(latin1), but I always get an exception. Where does this ascii codec
error comes from? How can I simply build this query string?

Thanks in advance.
Best Regards,
Raphael



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 10 23:25:21 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:25:21 +1000
Subject: how to match u'\uff00' - u'\uff0f' in re module?
In-Reply-To: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b31a21@news.eftel.com>

On 11/07/2006 12:32 PM, yichao.zhang wrote:
> I'm trying to match the characters from u'\uff00' to u'\uff0f'.
> the code below and get a TypeError.
> p = re.compile(u'\uff00'-u'\uff0f')

That is not a valid regex. It is an attempt to subtract one unicode char 
from another, but this is (correctly) not supported, as the error 
message says. re.compile expects a string (8-bit or Unicode).

If you wanted to match ASCII characters from 'A' to 'Z', you wouldn't 
put re.compile('A'-'Z'), would you? Well I hope not, I hope you would 
use re.compile('[A-Z]') -- does that give you a clue?

> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'unicode' and 'unicode'
> 
> 
> so re module does NOT support this operation

Incorrect conclusion. The argument that you attempted to supply is not a 
valid expression and thus not a valid argument for *any* function. It 
was intercepted before it got to re.compile. re.compile is innocent.

> however, is there any alternative way to solve my problem?
> 
> Any comments/suggestions much appreciated!

1. Read the fantastic manual.
2. Learn to understand error messages.
3. Assume the most plausible cause (you stuffed up, not the people who 
worked on the re module).

HTH,
John


From michele.simionato at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 00:25:18 2006
From: michele.simionato at gmail.com (Michele Simionato)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:25:18 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153740859.044966.288470@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9etp.n8u.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8537.1153851281.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44C69BFD.5030607@kneuro.net>
Message-ID: <1153887918.119477.161100@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Joe Knapka ha scritto:
> Classes are effectively open in Python, too, at least
> where methods are concerned, since one can do
> klass.__dict__["myMethod"]=myMethod.

Yes, but builtin classes in Python are closed and this is the relevant
point.


                  Michele Simionato



From davehowey at f2s.com  Wed Jul 26 12:21:10 2006
From: davehowey at f2s.com (davehowey at f2s.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:21:10 -0700
Subject: extender method
Message-ID: <1153930870.165160.148490@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

'Learning Python' by Lutz and Ascher (excellent book by the way)
explains that a subclass can call its superclass constructor as
follows:

class Super:
   def method(self):
   # do stuff

class Extender(Super):
   def method(self):
   Super.method(self)   # call the method in super
   # do more stuff - additional stuff here



I'm trying to use this for a superclass called 'component' in the
constructor. I have different types of component (let's say for
arguments sake resistor, capacitor etc). When I instantiate a new
resistor, say, I want the constructor to call the constructor within
the component superclass, and then add some resistor-specific stuff.

Now, this is fine using the above code. Where I'm struggling is with
argument passing. The following, for example, doesn't seem to work:

class Super:
   def __init__(self, **kargs):
   self.data = kargs

class Extender(Super):
   def __init__(self, **kargs):
   Super.__init__(self, kargs)   # call the constructor method in Super
   # do additional extender-specific stuff here

What am I doing wrong? I get:
TypeError: __init__() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)
WARNING: Failure executing file: <main.py>

Dave



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 04:56:53 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:56:53 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1153987110.395806.87550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987110.395806.87550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153990613.730584.4610@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> Ray wrote:
>
> > The argument against this is that since development with Python is so
> > rapid, you're supposed to always equip your code with extensive unit
> > tests. I like Python but I've never really bought that argument--I
> > guess I've been doing Java too long :)
> >
>
> In Java, if you don't always equip your code with extensive unit tests,
> what sort of testing do you do?

In Java of course we do unit testing as well. It's just that things
like what the OP was asking about has already been caught by the
compiler at this time.

> When do you pick up typo errors that the compiler may not detect, like
> blahblah*12.365 instead of blahblah*12/365 ?

Yeah, I know what you mean. This is not what the OP was referring to,
though.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Tue Jul  4 13:01:03 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 19:01:03 +0200
Subject: python - regex handling
References: <mailman.7782.1152030987.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.17.01.03.810250@gmx.net>

In <mailman.7782.1152030987.27775.python-list at python.org>, bruce wrote:

> does python provide regex handling similar to perl. can't find anything in
> the docs i've seen to indicate it does...

The `re` module handles Perl compatible regexes.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From mclaugb at nospm.yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 13:19:56 2006
From: mclaugb at nospm.yahoo.com (mclaugb)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 18:19:56 +0100
Subject: activestate vs enpython
Message-ID: <e98jnv$cvh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

does anyone know if the activestate distribution has all of the numpy, 
numarray, matplotlib, scipy, and scientific python?  their website does not 
say what it includes.




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 17:43:10 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 23:43:10 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e93qdc$vqn$1@sea.gmane.org>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:

> I never said there will be no collisions. For clarity, can you quote
> the exact phrase where I mentioned that?

the text I quoted is only true if you can guarantee that there will be 
no collisions.

</F>



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 06:58:32 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 03:58:32 -0700
Subject: looks like in PIL,
	resize() will give high quality thumbnails than thumbnail()
In-Reply-To: <1151751320.006926.43320@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151751320.006926.43320@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151751512.647100.80330@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Summercooln... at gmail.com wrote:
> In PIL, since thumbnail() first makes a draft copy of the image, and
> then resize it, so thumbnail() can run a lot faster than resize()
> because draft() seems a lot faster when resizing from very big images
> to small images...  (such as the original image is 3000 x 2000, and it
> can make a draft really quickly to 375 x 250, and then resize to, say
> 200 x 133 as a thumbnail)

as a matter of fact, i tried using thumbnail() to resize photos of 3456
x 2304 to 800 x 533 and it is a lot faster than using resize()



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Mon Jul 10 17:36:15 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:36:15 -0500
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44B2C84F.1050408@tim.thechases.com>

> 1. How can i disable some of the modules without deleting. e.g I wish
> to disable "os" module.

If you're prepared for the massive breakage that will ensue, you can

	chmod go-rwx /usr/lib/python2.3/os.*

(assuming *nix as you later detail).

> 2. How can i force user code to access only his particular folder, I
> dont want to create uses in unix, e.g

Well, you can create a chroot jail for each user that contains a 
clone of your /usr/{lib/python2.3/,bin/,usr/bin/} directories. 
You'd have to include any other executables that the user would 
need (important stuff like ls, cp, mv, mkdir, rmdir, 
cvs/ci/co/rcs/svn, etc)  This would ensure that each user doesn't 
access anything that you haven't explicitly copied in to their 
jail.  Another alternative might just be to copy the python 
libraries to some place in the user's homedir (whatever their 
original library path was), revoke execute non-user execute privs 
from the python executable ("chmod go-x `which python`), and then 
change python to be a script that runs something like "chroot 
$HOME/ python $@".  Allow per-user access to this script via sudo.

Just a couple ideas you might try.

-tkc





From rpdooling at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 20:48:56 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 17:48:56 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152027526.491469.224710@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152060536.562894.57870@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I suspect you will have to process those formats separately. But the
good news, at least for doc files, is that there is a script in the
Python Cookbook 2Ed that does what you want for MS Word docs and
another script that does it for Open Office docs.

The scripts are 2.26 and 2.27 pages 101-102.

I think you can probably find them at the ActiveState repository also.

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/279003

In the book, the title of the script is "Extracting Text from Microsoft
Word Documents"

It uses PyWin32 extension and COM to perform the conversion.

rd



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 21:49:39 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:49:39 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
Message-ID: <1154051379.088895.266910@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

mark wrote:
> The debate should not be about "threads vs processes", it should be
> about "threads vs events".

We are so lucky as to have both debates.

> Dr. John Ousterhout (creator of Tcl,
> Professor of Comp Sci at UC Berkeley, etc), started a famous debate
> about this 10 years ago with the following simple presentation.
>
> http://home.pacbell.net/ouster/threads.pdf

The Ousterhout school finds multiple lines of execution
unmanageable, while the Tannenbaum school finds asynchronous I/O
unmanageable.

What's so hard about single-line-of-control (SLOC) event-driven
programming? You can't call anything that might block. You have to
initiate the operation, store all the state you'll need in order
to pick up where you left off, then return all the way back to the
event dispatcher.

> That sentiment has largely been ignored and thread usage dominates but,
> if you have been programming for as long as I have, and have used both
> thread based architectures AND event/reactor/callback based
> architectures, then that simple presentation above should ring very
> true. Problem is, young people merely equate newer == better.

Newer? They're both old as the trees. That can't be why the whiz
kids like them. Threads and process rule because of their success.

> On large systems and over time, thread based architectures often tend
> towards chaos.

While large SLOC event-driven systems surely tend to chaos. Why?
Because they *must* be structured around where blocking operations
can happen, and that is not the structure anyone would choose for
clarity, maintainability and general chaos avoidance.

Even the simplest of modular structures, the procedure, gets
broken. Whether you can encapsulate a sequence of operations in a
procedure depends upon whether it might need to do an operation
that could block.

Going farther, consider writing a class supporting overriding of
some method. Easy; we Pythoneers do it all the time; that's what
O.O. inheritance is all about. Now what if the subclass's version
of the method needs to look up external data, and thus might
block? How does a method override arrange for the call chain to
return all the way back to the event loop, and to and pick up
again with the same call chain when the I/O comes in?

> I have seen a few thread based systems where the
> programmers become so frustrated with subtle timing issues etc, and they
> eventually overlay so many mutexes etc, that the implementation becomes
> single threaded in practice anyhow(!), and very inefficient.

While we simply do not see systems as complex as modern DBMS's
written in the SLOC event-driven style.

> BTW, I am fairly new to python but I have seen that the python Twisted
> framework is a good example of the event/reactor design alternative to
> threads. See
>
> http://twistedmatrix.com/projects/core/documentation/howto/async.html .

And consequently, to use Twisted you rewrite all your code as
those 'deferred' things.


-- 
--Bryan



From yxing at stanford.edu  Tue Jul 25 02:05:46 2006
From: yxing at stanford.edu (Yi Xing)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 23:05:46 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
Message-ID: <0d7619ae267b6b90c9cbb6445867a15e@stanford.edu>

Hi,

I need to read specific lines of huge text files. Each time, I know 
exactly which line(s) I want to read. readlines() or readline() in a 
loop is just too slow. Since different lines have different size, I 
cannot use seek(). So I am thinking of building an index for the file 
for fast access. Can anybody give me some tips on how to do this in 
Python? Thanks.

Yi 



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Sat Jul 22 09:14:41 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 08:14:41 -0500
Subject: Converting argv to variable
In-Reply-To: <1153573721.313812.150510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153573721.313812.150510@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C224C1.2030000@tim.thechases.com>

 > newDirectory = str(sys.argv[1:])
[cut]
 > Now, in a perfect universe I would get an output something
 > like the following (if I run the script with the argument
 > 'python':
 >
 > /Volumes/Home/myuser/python
 >
 > However, Python still hangs on to all the fluff and prints
 > out something else:
 >
 > /Volumes/Home/myuser/['python']

Your "newDirectory = ..." line is asking for a slice of a
list, which returns a list.  Python then dutifully converts
that list to a string representation and tacks that onto
your string/path.

What you want is sys.argv[1] (the first argument) not
sys.argv[1:] (a list of all but the first argv--namely, all
the arguments as [0] is the name of your python script)

-tkc







From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Sun Jul 30 11:30:46 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:30:46 +0200
Subject: Html character entity conversion
In-Reply-To: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154266972.154519.175040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44CCD0A6.8040703@freenet.de>

pak.andrei at gmail.com wrote:
> Here is my script:
> 
> from mechanize import *
> from BeautifulSoup import *
> import StringIO
> b = Browser()
> f = b.open("http://www.translate.ru/text.asp?lang=ru")
> b.select_form(nr=0)
> b["source"] = "hello python"
> html = b.submit().get_data()
> soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
> print  soup.find("span", id = "r_text").string
> 
> OUTPUT:
> &#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090;
> &#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;
> ----------
> In russian it looks like:
> "?????? ?????"
> 
> How can I translate this using standard Python libraries??
> 
> --
> Pak Andrei, http://paxoblog.blogspot.com, icq://97449800
> 
Translate to what and with what purpose?

Assuming your intention is to get a Python Unicode string, what about:

strHTML = '&#1087;&#1088;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1090; 
&#1087;&#1080;&#1090;&#1086;&#1085;'
strUnicodeHexCode = strHTML.replace('&#','\u').replace(';','')
strUnicode = eval("u'%s'"%strUnicodeHexCode)

?

I am sure, there is a more elegant and direct solution, but just wanted 
to provide here some quick response.

Claudio Grondi


From fay.brendan at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:29:17 2006
From: fay.brendan at gmail.com (Brendan Fay)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:29:17 -0700
Subject: what's wrong here? (search script)
In-Reply-To: <1152206879.397372.106100@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152206879.397372.106100@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152217757.809404.194040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I figured it out.  Is there any way to delete your own posts?

Brendan Fay wrote:
> Dear Someone:
>
>      I have written a script that accesses the googleAPI through
> pygoogle and saves each of the ten documents as a .txt file by using a
> specific function for each respective file type (.doc, .pdf, .html) to
> convert it to such.  Everything works fine, except that I am trying to
> make it search and return another result in the event that a file type
> other than .doc, .pdf, .html, or .txt comes up.  Python is new to me
> and I'm not sure why my method doesn't work.  I'd really appreciate any
> advice; here is the relevant code:
>
> def searchhelper(words, start=0, max=10):
> 	data = google.doGoogleSearch(words)
> 	objlist = data.results
> 	urllist = map((lambda x: x.URL), objlist)
> 	return urllist
>
>
> def searchhelper2(initwords, urls, counter):
> 	for url in urls:
> 		if findinlink(url, 'pdf'): # all these functions are defined
> elsewhere,
> 			convertpdf(url)  # fbut they definitely are working properly
> 		elif findinlink(url, 'htm'):
> 			converthtml(url)
> 		elif findinlink(url, 'txt'):
> 			urllib.urlretrieve(url, parse(x))
> 		elif findinlink(url, 'doc'):
> 			convertdoc(url)
> 		elif not findinlink(url, '.'):
> 			converthtml(url)
> 		else:
> 			urllist = urls[counter + 1:] + searchhelper(initwords, 11 + counter,
> 1) # (I'm
> 			searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, counter + 1)# assuming this is
> where I have      #
>                                   erred; however, I'm not sure)
>
>
> def search(initwords):
> 	urllist = searchhelper(initwords)
> 	searchhelper2(initwords, urllist, 0)
> 
> Thanks,
> Brendan



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 15:32:01 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 12:32:01 -0700
Subject: string/list comparison
In-Reply-To: <44AD61C6.50704@tim.thechases.com>
Message-ID: <0ed401c6a132$dba8d730$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

thanks tim...

 the strip should have been 'sstr.strip()'<<<<<<<<<

thanks


-----Original Message-----
From: Tim Chase [mailto:python.list at tim.thechases.com]
Sent: Thursday, July 06, 2006 12:17 PM
To: bedouglas at earthlink.net
Cc: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: string/list comparison


>   sstr = sesslist[0]   <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< these should be the same
>   trstr = trlist[3]    <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< "Summer A"
> 
>   sstr.strip(sstr)
>   trstr.strip(trstr)
> 
>   print "slen = ",len(sstr)
>   print "trlen = ",len(trstr)

Have you tried printing the repr(sstr) and repr(trstr) to see 
what Python thinks they are?

Without having these values posted to the list, it's near 
impossible to be of more assistance.

As soon as you do print them out, you should be able to visdiff 
them and see where matters have gone awry.

-tkc





From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 10:49:43 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 00:49:43 +1000
Subject: converting file formats to txt
References: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.04.06.56.18.583035@gmx.net>
	<mailman.7749.1151997436.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152019932.452721.13910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.14.49.42.647815@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 06:32:13 -0700, Gaurav Agarwal wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I wanted a script that can convert any file format (RTF/DOC/HTML/PDF/PS
> etc) to text format.

RTF, HTML and PS are already text format.

DOC is a secret, closed proprietary format. It will be a lot of work
reverse-engineering it. Perhaps you should consider using existing tools
that already do it -- see, for example, the word processors Abiword and
OpenOffice. They are open-source, so you can read and learn from their
code. Alternatively, you could try some of the suggestions here:

http://www.linux.com/article.pl?sid=06/02/22/201247

Or you could just run through the .doc file, filtering out binary
characters, and display just the text characters. That's a quick-and-dirty
strategy that might help.

PDF is (I believe) a compressed, binary format of PS. Perhaps you should
look at the program pdf2ps -- maybe it will help.

If you explain your needs in a little more detail, perhaps people can give
you answers which are a little more helpful.



-- 
Steven.



From benjamin.franksen at bessy.de  Sat Jul 22 11:50:25 2006
From: benjamin.franksen at bessy.de (Benjamin Franksen)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 17:50:25 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
	<MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>
	<PmQsg.23044$Z67.11504@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e9thg1$1gkg$1@ulysses.news.tiscali.de>

Darren New wrote:
> Chris Smith wrote:
>> Specialized
>> language already exist that reliably (as in, all the time) move array
>> bounds checking to compile time;
> 
> It sounds like this means the programmer has to code up what it means to
> index off an array, yes? Otherwise, I can't imagine how it would work.
> 
> x := read_integer_from_stdin();
> write_to_stdout(myarray[x]);
> 
> What does the programmer have to do to implement this semantic in the
> sort of language you're talking about? Surely something somewhere along
> the line has to  "fail" (for some meaning of failure) at run-time, yes?

You should really take a look at Epigram. One of its main features is that
it makes it possible not only to statically /check/ invariants, but also
to /establish/ them.

In your example, of course the program has to check the integer at runtime.
However, in a dependent type system, the type of the value returned from
the check-function can very well indicate whether it passed the test (i.e.
being a valid index for myarray) or not.

Ben


From blank at stare.com  Fri Jul 28 20:04:50 2006
From: blank at stare.com (blank)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 00:04:50 GMT
Subject: MySQLdb and dictcursor
References: <Xns980AE0E7644BCborrisgrangecom@140.99.99.130>
	<duu9c2pppiqv45pg9a8moh02733njcb7ch@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <CCxyg.168163$Rg2.14817@fe07.news.easynews.com>

Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote in 
news:duu9c2pppiqv45pg9a8moh02733njcb7ch at 4ax.com:

>      dictCursor
>           RETURNS the results as a dictionary; it doesn't affect how
> parameters are passed in.

thats how I was using it


> 
>      Normally results are a (list or tuple) where you have to know the
> order of the fields specified in the query:
> 
>      cr.execute("select a, c, b from table")
>      dt = cr.fetchone()
> 
> dt is a (list/tuple) with (a_value, c_value, b_value)
> 
>      With a dictCursor you get
> 
>      dcr.execute("select a, c, b from table")
>      ddt = dcr.fetchone()
> 
> ddt is a dictionary of {"a" : a_value, "b" : b_value, "c" : c_value}
> 
> 
>      MySQLdb nominally uses just the %s placeholder style, but I think 
it
> will also function with %(name)s format...
> 
>      cr.execute(
>           "insert into table (c, a, b) values (%(c)s, %(a)s, %(b)s",
>           ddt)

sounds a lot simpler, ill give it a go later. thanks




From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Sun Jul  9 19:29:09 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 09:29:09 +1000
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.09.23.29.08.974074@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 12:19:13 -0500, Gregory Guthrie wrote:

> I am comparing Python to a few other scripting languages, and used a simple 
> anagrams program as a sample.
> 
> I was surprised ast a few python features that did not work as I would 
> expect/wish; which caused less compact/expressive program styles that I 
> wanted - reverting to a FORTRAN like series of assignments.
> 
> For example,
>    - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says len(w).

Length is an obvious property of any one-dimensional non-scalar, not just
strings. As such, it makes sense to have a length function that takes an
argument. As a design decision, it could go either way, but early
Python wasn't fully object-oriented. If Guido was designing Python
from scratch today, who knows whether he'd still make len a function?

>   - Why doesn't sort() return a value?

Because if you have a 100 MB list of objects which you want to sort, why
go to the significant expense of making a sorted copy only to throw the
original away?

In general, Python never copies data unless you explicitly tell it too. If
you want to keep the original, unsorted list around, you need to make a
copy of it explicitly.


>     This would allow things like:
>         key = '',join( list(word.lower().strip()).sort() )
>     instead:
>         key = ...
>         key.sort()
>         key = ...

One liners are over-rated.



>    - Another feature I assumed but it failed, is a nice default for 
> dictionaries, and more += like operations;

What default should this dictionary have?

{'key1' = 'alpha', 'key2' = 1, 'key3' = [4, 7, 3]}

Should it be '', 0, [], None or something else? Be prepared to justify
why your choice is suitable not just for *this* dictionary, but for *all*
dictionaries.


> I am curious why these "obvious" conveniences are not present.  :-)
> Thansk for any context or insight.


Perhaps the best way to understand the Python philosophy is to call up an
interpreter and execute "import this" at the prompt.


-- 
Steven.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 15:36:21 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:36:21 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152646581.880909.100930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Hrmms, well, here's an interesting situation.  So say we wanna catch
> most exceptions but we don't necessarily know what they are going to
> be.  For example, I have a framework that executes modules (python
> functions), the framework wraps each function execution in a try/except
> block in order to compensate for what *might* happen.  Upon coding the
> framework I really have no idea what types of problems these modules
> might have but I want to catch these errors so that I can clean up and
> exit gracefully, not only that but I want to dump the exception to log
> files so that we can attempt to fix it.  So, I have the option of
> catching all standard exceptions and not list the ones I know I don't
> want to catch.  But what about user defined exceptions?  Do I then have
> to enforce policies on the system stating what types of exceptions can
> be raised?
>
> Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"?
>
>
>
> --
>
> Carl J. Van Arsdall
> cvanarsdall at mvista.com
> Build and Release
> MontaVista Software


try:
    # Do some stuff
except Exception, err:
    if err not in (DontCatchMe1, DontCatchMe2):
        # Handle err

HTH,
~Simon



From exarkun at divmod.com  Tue Jul 25 16:50:06 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 16:50:06 -0400
Subject: Python stack trace on blocked running script.
In-Reply-To: <44C67D02.4070900@sun.com>
Message-ID: <20060725205006.29014.265581097.divmod.quotient.54210@ohm>

On Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:20:18 -0700, Rich Burridge <rich.burridge at sun.com> wrote:
>
>Hi all,
>
>If this is a frequently asked question, then just slap me silly and point me
>in the right direction.
>
>We are currently experiencing a hanging problem with Orca [1], a
>screen reader/magnifier written in Python. We know how to get a
>stack trace of the current thread in a Python problem, but the problem
>is that the script is currently blocked on a Bonobo [2] call, that is
>preventing us from doing this.
>
>What we are looking for is a way to get a complete stack
>trace of each running thread at this point. Sort of the Python equivalent
>of Control-\ in Java. Is there any way we can do this?
>
>Or any other suggestions on how to hone in and solve this problem?

You may be interested in this recent python-dev thread:

  http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.devel/82129

Hope this helps,

Jean-Paul


From http  Fri Jul 28 09:44:13 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:44:13 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <fangc2hg3d6rmcusjqqpk8ct8v3m8eqbd8@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8615.1154004533.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<3sphc25or7ir5keeithpvb1k3vog39botu@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8644.1154070822.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xwt9y8916.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<mailman.8655.1154092222.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <7xvephg7yq.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> writes:
> *grin* - Yes of course - if the WDT was enabled - its something that
> I have not seen on PC's yet...

They are available for PC's, as plug-in cards, at least for the ISA
bus in the old days, and almost certainly for the PCI bus today.


From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Mon Jul 31 15:49:48 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:49:48 GMT
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <w9tzg.567168$za7.13416564@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

Michael Yanowitz schreef:
>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - 
> a local variable in a function that retains its value.
> 
>  For example, suppose I have:
> 
> def set_bit (bit_index, bit_value):
>    static bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>    bits [bit_index] = bit_value
> 
>    print "\tBit Array:"
>    int i
>    while (i < len(bits):
>       print bits[i],
>    print '\n'
> 
>  
>    I realize this can be implemented by making bits global, but can
> this be done by making it private only internal to set_bit()?  I don't
> want bits to be reinitialized each time. It must retain the set values
> for the next time it is called.

You could do it by defining static_bits as a keyword parameter with a 
default value:

 >>> def set_bit(bit_index, bit_value, static_bits=[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]):
	static_bits[bit_index] = bit_value
	return static_bits

 >>> set_bit(2, 1)
[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 >>> set_bit(3, 1)
[0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 >>> set_bit(2, 0)
[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

It might be a better idea to use a class for this though:

 >>> class Bits(object):
	def __init__(self):
		self.bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
	def set(self, index, value):
		self.bits[index] = value
		return self.bits

	
 >>> bits = Bits()
 >>> bits.set(2, 1)
[0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 >>> bits.set(3, 1)
[0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 >>> bits.set(2, 0)
[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

When using a class, you can have different lists of bits independently 
of each other in a program. And you can define other operations on the 
bits: you could for example create methods to set or clear all bits at 
once. With your approach, set_bit is the only function that has access 
to the bits so you can't easily create other operations.

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 04:49:01 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:49:01 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <e8l75r$pfr$1@sea.gmane.org>

Piet van Oostrum wrote:

> There is no big difference I think. Only Python doesn't have syntax for the
> former. Older versions of Python didn't even have nested scopes.

arbitrarily nested scopes, at least.  the old local/global/builtin 
approach (the LGB rule) is of course a kind of nesting; the new thing is 
support for "enclosing scopes" in Python 2.1/2.2 (the LEGB rule).  for 
some background, see:

     http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0227/

the section "Rebinding names in enclosing scopes" discusses the 2.X-
specific thinking; this may be revised in 3.0 (see current python-dev 
discussions).

</F>



From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Wed Jul 19 13:31:27 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 19:31:27 +0200
Subject: Snapshot+Clipboard
In-Reply-To: <44be65fa$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44be65fa$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44BE6C6F.1040204@freenet.de>

Yves Lange wrote:
> Hello,
> i'm searching a method to take a snapshot and save it in a jpg, bmp or 
> gif file. I tried with win32api and win32con but it save the snapshot to 
> the clipboard, so i tried to redirect this in a file but i have some 
> problems while getting the IMAGE stocked in the clipboard and save it to 
> a file. Can somebody help me ?
> 
> Questions:
> -How can i read the snapshot in the clipboard ?
> -How can i take a snapshot in a different way (less difficult) ?
> 
> Thks.

Use PIL which on Windows supports taking snapshots of the screen.
<code>
import ImageGrab
GrabbedImage = ImageGrab.grab() # store screenshot as "RGB" Image
GrabbedImage.save("TheScreenshot.jpg") # PIL evaluates extension
</code>
For more details see:
   http://effbot.org/imagingbook/imagegrab.htm
(works on Windows only)

Claudio Grondi


From george at oxygenxml.com  Thu Jul 13 04:15:48 2006
From: george at oxygenxml.com (George Bina)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 01:15:48 -0700
Subject: Problem with "&" charater in xml.
In-Reply-To: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152769937.699100.223620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152778548.786998.238940@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

A SAX parser can notify a text node by calling any number of times the
characters method so you need to accumulate all the information you
receive on the characters method and output the text when you get a
notification different than characters.

Best Regards,
George
---------------------------------------------------------------------
George Cristian Bina
<oXygen/> XML Editor, Schema Editor and XSLT Editor/Debugger
http://www.oxygenxml.com

Kirt wrote:
> i have walked a directory and have written the foll xml document.
> one of the folder had "&" character so i replaced it by "&amp;"
> #------------------test1.xml
> <Directory>
>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye
> w&amp;y </dirname>
>   <file>
>   <name>def.txt</name>
>   <time>200607130417</time>
>   </file>
> </Directory>
>  <Directory>
>   <dirname>C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii
> wx</dirname>
>   <file>
>   <name>abc.txt</name>
>   <time>200607130415</time>
>   </file>
> </Directory
>
> now in my python code i want to parse this doc and print the directory
> name.
> ###----------handler------------filename---handler.py
> from xml.sax.handler import ContentHandler
> class oldHandler(ContentHandler):
>                def __init__(self):
>   			self.dn = 0
>                 def startElement(self, name, attrs):
> 			if name=='dirname':
> 				self.dn=1
>
> 		def characters(self,str):
> 			if self.dn:
>                                print str
>
>                 def endElement(self, name):
> 			if name == 'dirname':
>                          	self.dn=0
>
>
> #---------------------------------------------------------------------
> #main code--- fname----art.py
> import sys
> from xml.sax 	import 	make_parser
> from handlers import	oldHandler
>
> ch = oldHandler()
> saxparser = make_parser()
>
> saxparser.setContentHandler(ch)
> saxparser.parse(sys.argv[1])
> #-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> i run the code as:  $python art.py test1.xml
>
> i am getting output as:
>
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w
> &
> y
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
>
> where as i need an output which should look like this.
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\bye w&y
>
> C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator\Desktop\1\hii wx
> 
> Can someone tell me the solution for this.



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 07:40:57 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 12:40:57 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <p3ioe5rmednw$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<e9naj0$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<p3ioe5rmednw$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <e9nq4m$td3$1@sea.gmane.org>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-20 04:15:33, Steve Holden wrote:
> 
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>[...]
>>
>>>I don't know it's your code not mine.
>>>
>>>class Robust(object):
>>>
>>>	def __init__(self):
>>>		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
>>>		# corrupt the whole event system.
>>>		self.__is_active = True
>>>
>>>	def get_is_active(self):
>>>		return self.__is_active
>>>
>>>	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
>>>editable")
>>>
>>
>>Let's ignore changes of state for the moment. The mystical difference 
>>that makes read access via
>>
>>   some_robust.buffer_is_active()
>>
>>acceptable and
>>
>>   some_robust.__is_active
>>
>>somehow dangerous (ignoring the fact that name_mangling will take place) 
>>is what?
>>
>>
>>>	def monitor_events(self):
>>>		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
>>>		# Add code to change __is_active here.
>>>		return
>>>
>>
>>I'm sure nobody would argue that if close synchronization between 
>>multiple attributes is required then write accessors are a bad idea. But 
>>using them unnecessarily just makes your code heavier, slower and less 
>>easy to maintain.
> 
> 
> I'm not sure, but there's one thing that has a potential to be the real
> issue: what's the common way to create a property that is read-write for
> the implementation and "read-only" for the interface? It seems to me that
> this is what mystilleef is trying to do.
> 
> I know that Python doesn't really provide access control. But so far I've
> learned that a leading underscore says "I'm implementation, don't touch me
> unless you know what you're doing". So I imagine that I browse through code
> and look for leading underscores for non-local object attributes, to spot
> troublespots. So I imagine that using such attributes as "read-only"
> interface elements may not be a good idea, because then you not only have
> to spot them in outside code, you always also have to check whether that's
> a read or a write access (to know whether it's something potentially
> dangerous or not). I also don't know how you could use the computed
> attribute methods to do different things for access from the outside and
> from the inside (of the object).
> 
> So... _is_active is considered implementation. Don't mess with me, it says.
> But the users of the class need access to it: read access. Do you just say
> "read access isn't changing anything, so just use _is_active"? The
> disadvantage is that the outside code is sprinkled with accesses to
> attributes with leading underscores, which I assume looks kind of scary. Or
> do you rename _is_active to is_active, indicating that access to it is
> indeed allowed? Then you would have to do something in the attribute
> accessors to control the write access -- because that still isn't a good
> idea. But I need want to be able to write to it from inside the class...
> but how, if the attribute accessor is preventing that? Is there a local
> override for that? I'm sure there is... but is it a common technique?
> 
> I may have not used the correct terminology for everything, but I think
> it's possible to parse that :)
> 
> And maybe that helps putting this to rest and make everybody happy :)
> 
The logical way would seem to be to provide a read property is_active() 
only. The implementation can access the _is_active instance variable 
that the property exposes, writing it as necessary. If the accessor 
gives direct access to the variable there's no need to use it inside the 
object implementation. Or have I misunderstood your requirements?

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From jzgoda at o2.usun.pl  Tue Jul 18 16:16:03 2006
From: jzgoda at o2.usun.pl (Jarek Zgoda)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:16:03 +0200
Subject: No need to close file?
In-Reply-To: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jfmq$8k7$1@nemesis.news.tpi.pl>

T napisa?(a):

> Do I need to close the file in this case?  Why or why not?
> 
> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>   print line

No, if you only read from the file.

But anyway, closing file object is considered good practice in many
documents I found, no matter what you do with it.

-- 
Jarek Zgoda
http://jpa.berlios.de/


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 08:27:01 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:27:01 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <1153340925.338387.124350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153281415.473436.125220@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be5d1b$0$21606$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153340925.338387.124350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf7696$0$30121$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

malkarouri at gmail.com wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>malkarouri at gmail.com wrote:
> 
> [...]
> 
>>>Sorry, but I kinda agree with Boris here.
>>
>>On what ?
> 
> 
> On the argument that you are (implicitly?) disagreeing with him 

it's getting messy - too much level of indirection !-)

> on,
> obviously. That the OP problem is not definitely the default values
> question. 

Ok, I do agree that it's only *one* part of the problem - the other
(implied) being "what other possible solutions".

> As you say:
> 
> 
>>>>If the OP has other reasons to want to use an accumulator based solution
>>>>- which we don't know - then the possibility to use a default value is
>>>>important.
> 
> 
> My emphasis is on "we don't know".

At least we do agree on something !-)

> 
>>>Not that I am anybody here,
>>>really.
>>
>>Err... Are you you at least ?-)
>>
> 
> 
> I am. 

Great.

> Thanks for your concern:)

!-)

> 
(snip)
>>>I don't think there is actually a FAQ
>>>saying you must use the accumulator solution.
>>
>>Did I say so ? The FAQ I mention is about default values evaluation, and
>>it's the problem the OP was facing. Please re-read my post more carefully.
>>
> 
> 
> Actually, I have read your post right first time. And I do know you
> didn't say that (a FAQ for accumulators). I raised it just in case.
> What I don't agree with is that it is not the problem the OP was
> facing. The discussion was: is the real problem the default values
> problem, which he already got a solution for. Or was the real problem
> the list returning recursion problem, for which he (or subsequent
> google searchers, who are more likely to come to this thread after
> searching for "Recursive function returning a list") may benefit from a
> generator approach.

agreed.

(snip)

> Thanks for the function, though I regard it as kind of trivial for the
> level of discussion that we are having now. The problem solved by the
> accumulator is _not_ the building of a list recursively. It is doing so
> efficiently. Which is definitely not done by creating multiple
> temporary lists just to add them. I am sure you know the theory. More
> of relevance is that the generator based solution has also the same
> efficiency, so they are both better than the trivial solution.
> You have a point though. Your function is a solution. Just I don't
> regard it as the preferred solution for the problem as I see it. 

Nor do I.

>YMMV.

It doesn't

> To recap, the OP (and subsequent google searchers, if they pass by) has
> now the preferred solution according to you.

Please not that I didn't meant to present it as "the prefered solution".


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From madpython at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:31:13 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (victor)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:31:13 +0400
Subject: PDF with nonLatin-1 characters
Message-ID: <e937ib$f8p$1@sea.gmane.org>

I want to generate a report and the PDF fits perfectly. Though there is 
an issue of using different encoding in the doc. I tried PyPS with no 
success. I need a lib that can make PDFs with an arbitrary set of fonts 
(possibly embed them into the document). What would you suggest?



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 07:32:34 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 04:32:34 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b62149$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b60928$0$32347$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152781532.901920.263950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b62149$0$14338$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152790354.646776.148800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>mystilleef wrote:
> >>(snip)
> >>
> >>>Python doesn't have any philosophy with regards to naming identifiers.
> >>
> >>Yes it does.
> >
> >
> > No it doesn't.
> >
> >
> >>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
> >>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
> >>>
> >>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one.
> >>
> >>Then you provide a public API on top of the private one.
> >>
> >>class MyClass(object):
> >>  def __init__(self, ...):
> >>     self._attr = XXX
> >>
> >>  # seems like we really have enough use
> >>  # cases to justify exposing _imp_attr
> >>  @apply
> >>  def attr():
> >>    def fget(self):
> >>      return self._attr
> >>    def fset(self):
> >>      self._attr = attr
> >>    return property(**locals())
> >>
> >>
> >>  def _method(self, ...):
> >>    # code here
> >>
> >>  # seems like we really have enough use
> >>  # cases to justify exposing _imp_method
> >>  method = _impmethod
> >>
> >>Note that none of this actually breaks encapsulation.
> >
> >
> > Ha! Just as bad as getters and setter.
>
> What point are you trying to make here ? Of course a computed attribute
> is just syntactic sugar for getters and setters - what else could it be?
>
> The difference is that you don't need to write explicit getters/setters
> beforehand, nor to use a "behaviour" semantic.
>
> >
> >>>How
> >>>does that solve my naming issues.
> >>
> >>How could this solve *your* naming issue ? This is totally unrelated.
> >>You choose a bad name for a *public* symbol.
> >
> >
> > My point exactly! It doesn't solve my problem!
>
> What do you hope ? Something that cures cancer ? Please enlighten us and
> explain how explicit getters/setters would have solved the problem of
> badly named getters/setters ?
>
I did already. If I had used Java, Eiffel, Smalltalk or C++, I would
have easily changed tmp to temporary_buffer without having search and
replace or grep 27000 lines of code. The point of accessors in those
languages is encapsulation. Which means I can change any detail of
implementation, yes including names of attributes, without breaking
code.



From claird at lairds.us  Mon Jul 17 10:23:35 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:23:35 +0000
Subject: Commercial Programming
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>
	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
	<mailman.8233.1153056310.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <74jso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <mailman.8233.1153056310.27775.python-list at python.org>,
Ben Finney  <bignose+hates-spam at benfinney.id.au> wrote:
>"Boomshiki" <RayLang at gmail.com> writes:
>
>> I am aware that someone can recreate what we have done, but for them
>> to cut, paste, sell is kind of a rip off.
>
>Unless you factor that into your business model, and create compelling
>value that doesn't depend on the secrecy of something you place under
>the customer's control.
			.
			.
			.
Yes; source code in isolation is almost hilariously low in value,
in general.  While I'm quite scrupulous about preservation of
trade secrets, I can attest that programmers are wont to inflate
the ... unique merit of source.


From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 12:07:52 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:07:52 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c791ef$0$31774$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <v0qfc2vloh7t$.16n58bnw33612.dlg@40tude.net>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 18:01:50 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>>>I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
>>>Python...
>> 
>> E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly.
> 
> Ok, this is one of the few restrictions - builtin types. Yeah. Have
> something more convincing ?

Nope. Python has similiar dynamic. Or.. maybe real closures.

> Care to write an external DSL in Ruby ?

?

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 31 13:51:47 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:51:47 GMT
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpl1e.cqh.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8712.1154288014.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnecsgpj.h0l.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-30, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-30 12:45:50, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
>>> [...] we'd have to use a common definition of "variable". This is a term
>>> so widely used that I'm not sure there is a useful single definition of
>>> it; do you know one?
>> 
>> A name in a scope to which is attached some value/object. Now whether
>> this attachment is in the form of storage or binding is IMO not
>> that important.
>
> IMO this is not a useful definition of "variable", as it also includes what
> some languages would call a "constant". This definition even includes
> preprocessor macros. Once you try to come up with a definition that does
> not include these, it probably gets trickier.

Sure it is usefull. It may be not 100% formally correct, but often
things that are not 100% formally correct can be better in bringing
an idea accross.

>>> [ ... ]
>> 
>> That depends on what you call the identity. If I had to translate this
>> into C++ it would be something like:
>> 
>>   int *a, *b;
>> 
>>   a = MakeInt(3);
>>   b = a;
>>   b = MakeInt(4);
>
> Yup. But in C/C++ speak, it's more common to call a and b "pointers" rather
> than "variables".

Well in a case like:

  int a, b;

You may call a and b "ints" rather than variables, that doesn't stop
them from being variables.

> Of course they are also sometimes called "pointer
> variables", but not usually "variables". It's of course not technically
> wrong to call the variables, but it's probably rare. And for a reason. 

Well I don't know about who you talk with, but when I was still using
C and other like languages on a daily basis me and my collegues had
no problem using the word variable, just because the type of the
variable happened to a pointer. AFAIK, the C language reference
doesn't make an exception for calling something a variable, based
on the type (pointer or not) of the variable.

> [ ... ]

> Whether Python variables are in fact "variables" probably depends mostly on
> your definition of "variable", and that's IMO a tough one -- a definition
> of "variable" that includes all those language elements that various
> languages call "variables", and nothing else (that's the tough part).
> Whether that definition exists, and whether it includes Python "variables",
> remains to be seen :)

Since Python variables seem to behave essentially the same way as
Lisp and Smalltalk variables and as far as I know "variable" is
the accepted term in those languages for what we are talking about,
I don't see how you can have a definition that includes those
languages but will not include python.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 12:39:06 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 09:39:06 -0700
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>
	<1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152203946.108651.279800@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

madpython wrote:

> ...
> 	self.b=Tkinter.Button(root,txt="Button",command=self.doSmth).pack()
> 	self.l=Tkinter.Label(root,txt="default").pack()
> def doSmth(self):
> 	var=globals()["m"].__dict__["progLogic"].func("some
> input")
> 	self.l.config(txt=var)
> 	self.l.update_idletasks()
> ...


pack() method returns None, *not* the packed widget.

>>> import Tkinter
>>> b = Tkinter.Button()
>>> n = b.pack()
>>> n
>>> print n
None



From jjl at pobox.com  Fri Jul 28 14:13:13 2006
From: jjl at pobox.com (John J. Lee)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 19:13:13 +0100
Subject: Urllib.encode() - How does it Treat a List?
References: <312cfe2b0607271606r1ff483a3i751bbc3d31c23f57@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <uwt9xr41y.fsf@pobox.com>

"Gregory Pi?ero" <gregpinero at gmail.com> writes:

> Hi Wise Python Folk,
> 
> Here's my code:
> >>> p={'type':'bar','title':'Gregs Chart 1','values':[1,2,3],'labels':[1,2,3]}
> >>> urllib.urlencode(p)
> 'values=%5B1%2C+2%2C+3%5D&labels=%5B1%2C+2%2C+3%5D&type=bar&title=Gregs+Chart+1'
> 
> Now I just can't figure out what it's giving me for say values?  What
> is that stuff?  What I want is to create a url and pass it a list of
> values, ie so that in the script accepting these parameters I can do:

Try a list of 2-tuples instead of a dict.  Works since Python 2.0 or 2.1, I think.


John



From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 17 16:18:57 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 22:18:57 +0200
Subject: Problem with sub-classing
References: <mailman.8261.1153159670.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9glir$c47$00$1@news.t-online.com>
	<mailman.8262.1153163416.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9grb2$a2u$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Bernard Lebel wrote:

> Okay, that make sense.
> 
> Now the question is: regarding the re-binding behavior, is this
> actually problematic? By that I mean that is it good coding practice
> to avoid this issue altogether as much as possible, or is it okay to
> live with it if you use the __init__ argument trick you have shown?

I suggested the "argument trick" for diagnosis only. 

One /good/ coding practice is to choose descriptive names for (toplevel)
objects. Another is to avoid

from module import *

style imports which tend to be the most common source of name clashes.


Peter





From dnew at san.rr.com  Mon Jul 10 12:28:31 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:28:31 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
>         // Inside this block, a has type int{17..21} and b has type
>         // int{18..22}

No what happens if right here you code
   b := 16;

Does that again change the type of "b"? Or is that an illegal 
instruction, because "b" has the "local type" of (18..22)?

>         signContract(a); // error, because a might be 17
>         signContract(b); // no error, because even though the declared
>                          // type of b is int{14..22}, it has a local
>                          // type of int{18..22}.


If the former (i.e., if reassigning to "b" changes the "static type" of 
b, then the term you're looking for is not type, but "typestate".

In other words, this is the same sort of test that disallows using an 
unassigned variable in a value-returning expression.  When
   { int a; int b; b := a; }
returns a compile-time error because "a" is uninitialized at the 
assignment, that's not the "type" of a, but the typestate. Just FYI.

> Incidentally, I'm not saying that such a feature would be a good idea.  

It actually works quite well if the language takes advantage of it 
consistantly and allows you to designate your expected typestates and such.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 21:19:28 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 18:19:28 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
Message-ID: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used

        for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
            for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
                  #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY

But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds

I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds

I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are unsuccessfull in
compiling my files.



From beiwang2003 at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 12:30:50 2006
From: beiwang2003 at gmail.com (bei)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 09:30:50 -0700
Subject: help: output arrays into file as column
In-Reply-To: <44c9238d$0$18852$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154024292.159495.201230@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154026334.705131.90360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44c9238d$0$18852$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154104250.018999.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Perfect! It works. Thanks Bruno.
Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> bei a ?crit :
> <ot> Please don't top-post</ot>
>
> > Hi,Simon,
> >
> > Thanks for your reply.It's very helpful :)
> > But I am sorry for my given example.Actually, my data in the arrays are
> > all float point datas.And I use integer in the example.The code is like
> > this.
> > ("x,v,...,h" are floating point number arrays)
>
> Arrays or lists ?
>
> > pos=str(x)
>
> Why on earth are you doing this ?
>
> > vel=str(v)
> > ene=str(u)
> > den=str(rho)
> > pre=str(P)
> > hms=str(h)
> > datas=zip(pos,vel,ene,den,pre,hms)
>
> datas = zip(v, u, rho, P, h)
>
> > filename="data.dat"
> > file=open(filename,"w")
>
> This shadows the builtin 'file' type. Using another name may be a good idea.
>
> > for datum in datas:
> >   print >>file, ' '.join(datum)
>    print >> file, ' '.join(map(str, datum))
>
> > file.close()
>
>
>
>
> >
> > However, the result seperate each point in floating number , but not
> > regard them as a whole. It's like this :
> >
> >
> > [ [ [ [ [ [
> > - 0 1 1 1 0
> > 0 . . . . .
> > . 0 4 0 0 0
> > 5 , 9 , , 0
> > 9   9     3
>
> (snip)
>
> One of the nice things with Python is the interactive shell. Let's use it:
> Python 2.4.1 (#1, Jul 23 2005, 00:37:37)
> [GCC 3.3.4 20040623 (Gentoo Linux 3.3.4-r1, ssp-3.3.2-2, pie-8.7.6)] on
> linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>  >>> a = map(float, range(0,3))
>  >>> a
> [0.0, 1.0, 2.0]
>  >>> b = map(float, range(12, 15))
>  >>> c = map(float, range(7, 10))
>  >>> a, b, c
> ([0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [12.0, 13.0, 14.0], [7.0, 8.0, 9.0])
>  >>> str(a)
> '[0.0, 1.0, 2.0]'
>  >>> list(str(a))
> ['[', '0', '.', '0', ',', ' ', '1', '.', '0', ',', ' ', '2', '.', '0', ']']
>  >>> zip(str(a), str(b), str(c))
> [('[', '[', '['), ('0', '1', '7'), ('.', '2', '.'), ('0', '.', '0'),
> (',', '0', ','), (' ', ',', ' '), ('1', ' ', '8'), ('.', '1', '.'),
> ('0', '3', '0'), (',', '.', ','), (' ', '0', ' '), ('2', ',', '9'),
> ('.', ' ', '.'), ('0', '1', '0'), (']', '4', ']')]
>  >>> zip(a, b, c)
> [(0.0, 12.0, 7.0), (1.0, 13.0, 8.0), (2.0, 14.0, 9.0)]
>  >>>
> 
> HTH



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 19 23:04:49 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 20:04:49 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b35e0f$0$31664$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b273b8$0$14337$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<FeHsg.35559$zy5.710848@twister1.libero.it>
	<44b35e0f$0$31664$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153364689.777380.297250@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> ZeD wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >
> >>>I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> >>>attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> >>>had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> >>>an unreliable and tedious search and replace
> >>
> >>find and grep are usually mostly reliable for this kind of tasks.
> >
> >
> > you mean sed :)
>
> No, I meant find and grep.
>
> > sed 's/oldName/newName/g' oldFile > newFile
> >
> Yeah, fine - as long as your pretty sure the same name is not used in
> other contexts in any of the source files...
>
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"

I think that was the original point about find/replace: it can be
really hard to automate a name change, because changes might occur that
you didn't intend; whereas, doing things by hand lacks consistency.

My solution is to use emacs' query-replace (which you can invoke with
M-%). It will find quicly and accurately, but I ultimately hold the key
to whether something gets replaced or not.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 17:16:17 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 23:16:17 +0200
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>
	<1153338740.544977.90000@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.21.16.17.417451@gmx.net>

In <1153338740.544977.90000 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, alfa1234 wrote:

> Hi Diez !!
> Thanks for the reply.. Tried a little well dokumented program:
> 
> # file: construct.ini
> retries = 10
> 
> # file: construct.py
> import cfgparse
>
> c = cfgparse.ConfigParser()
> c.add_option('retries', type='int')
> c.add_file('construct.ini')
> opts = c.parse()
> print 'Number of retries:',opts.retries
> 
> Got the following Error when trying to run code:
> [wsadmin] Traceback (innermost last):
> [wsadmin]   File "<string>", line 1, in ?
> [wsadmin] ImportError: no module named cfgparse

Well, the message is quite descriptive.  There is no module named
`cfgparse`.  Diez suggestet the `ConfigParser` modul.  You notice the
difference?

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 24 06:41:55 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:41:55 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
Message-ID: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I just moved to another company that's mainly a Java/.NET shop. I was
happy to find out that there's a movement from the grassroot to try to
convince the boss to use a dynamic language for our development!

Two of the senior developers, however, are already rooting for Ruby on
Rails--although they haven't tried RoR themselves. When I suggested
Django, they went like, "what's that?".

I said, "It's like the Python counterpart of RoR".

"Nah, we're not interested in Python."

I think they are already predisposed to RoR simply because of RoR's
visibility (i.e.: at my workplace everybody knows RoR but nobody knows
about Django unless they've used Python as well). So far the arguments
I can think of:

1. The investment of learning Python will be a good investment because
it transfer to platforms that we've already supported, i.e.: JVM and
.NET CLR (using Jython and IronPython). Ruby's availability on this
platform is not as mature--JRuby is still at 0.9 and I don't think
IronRuby is coming out anytime soon :)

2. Python is a much more mature language than Ruby--it's been around
since ages ago and as such has a lot more tools, articles, and other
resources than Ruby. It is also the language being used by
high-visibility company like Google, with the creator of the language
himself working there.

3. Python emphasizes readability instead of cleverness/conciseness.

4. What else? I haven't tried RoR so I can't argue meaningfully on
whether using Django will put us at an advantage.

Can you help me with my argument? Meanwhile I think I'll give RoR a try
as well.

Thank you,
Ray



From thn at mail.utexas.edu  Tue Jul 11 09:53:44 2006
From: thn at mail.utexas.edu (Thomas Nelson)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:53:44 -0700
Subject: Best command for running shell command
In-Reply-To: <roy-3F8064.08141111072006@reader2.panix.com>
References: <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530@News.Individual.DE>
	<roy-3F8064.08141111072006@reader2.panix.com>
Message-ID: <1152626024.205298.87630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Yes, I highly recommend the subprocess module.  subprocess.call() can
do almost anything you want to do, and the options are all pretty
intuitive  Whenever I need to write quick scripts for myself, it's what
I use.

THN


Roy Smith wrote:
> In article <0001HW.C0D95C2600E03045F0284530 at News.Individual.DE>,
>  Donald Duck <bluejump at mac.com> wrote:
>
> > I'm a little bit confused about what is the best way to run a shell command,
> > if I want to run a command like
> >
> > 			xxxxxx -a -b > yyyyyy
> >
> > where I'm not interested in the output, I only want to make sure that the
> > command was executed OK. How should I invoke this (in a Unix/linux
> > environment)?
>
> The most straight-forward way would be:
>
> import os
> status = os.system ("xxxxxx -a -b > yyyyyy")
> if status == 0:
>    print "it worked"
> else:
>    print "it failed"
> 
> You might also want to look at the new (in 2.4) subprocess module.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 21:11:06 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 18:11:06 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154127727.699168.152460@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154120956.021115.33960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154127727.699168.152460@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154135466.397622.17170@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Daniel Mark wrote:
> Dear John:
>
> > Have a look in each of those folders (including the root!!) and see
> > what you find there. [If I were forced to bet, I'd put my money on
> > cygwin].
>
> You are a genius!!!

No, it was just a matter of noticing that the dog didn't bark :-)

>
> My machine was intalled python in cygwin:)
>
> I didn't expect that I could get so much helps from this forum.
> My heartfelt thanks go out to John and all friends here:)

You're welcome.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 05:08:19 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 11:08:19 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bdf684$0$12447$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Sanjay wrote:
> Hi Alex,
> 
> Thanks for the input.
> 
> Being new to Python, and after having selected Python in comparison to
> ruby (Turbogears vs Rails) , is jerks me a bit. In my openion it should
> be an obvious and easy to implement feature and must be, if not already
> have been, planned in future releases of Python.
> 
> Would love to listen to others.

I've never had a use case for this kind of feature in the past seven years.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Mon Jul 17 00:35:02 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 06:35:02 +0200
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
In-Reply-To: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bb1376$0$10528$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Avi Kak wrote:
> Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
> code to be embedded inside a regular expression?
> 
> For example, in Perl the following two statements
> 
> $regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
> mello\n"})/;
> "jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;
> 
> will produce the output
> 
>   saw hello
>   saw mello
> 
> Is it possible to do the same in Python with any modules that come
> with the standard distribution, or with any other modules?

Just in case you were referring to security concerns: Sufficiently complex REs
can take ages to compile and run and eat tons of memory, so there are always
issues involved here.

Stefan


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul  3 20:47:23 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 17:47:23 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <mailman.7739.1151969047.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151974043.741824.195520@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the parsing
> i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find functions to
> remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars.
>
> i'm assuming python has something like
>
> valid_str = strip(invalid_str)
>
> where 'strip' removes/strips out the invalid chars...
>
> any ideas/thoughts/pointers...
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce

You might be able to use the translate() and maketrans() string
methods.  See
http://groups.google.ca/group/comp.lang.python/tree/browse_frm/thread/261516dd06ee32e6/9a02a21c95bd0ec9
second-to-last post for an example.



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Mon Jul 31 13:28:49 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 17:28:49 GMT
Subject: trouble understanding super()
References: <7vpzg.2606$No6.51376@news.tufts.edu>
	<1154363450.479986.16980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<80rzg.2608$No6.51410@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <Xns9811BC0206FF6duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

John Salerno wrote:

> But after super(D, self).met() is called, doesn't that then call both 
> super(B, self).met() and super(C, self).met()? If so, how does that 
> avoid calling A.met twice? Or is that not what's happening?

If you have an instance of a B then super(B,self).met() will call A.met(), 
but if self is actually an instance of a D, then super(B,self).met() 
actually calls C.met().

That is why super needs both the class and the instance: so it can jump 
sideways across the inheritance diamond instead of always passing calls to 
the base of the current class.


From valpassing at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:52:52 2006
From: valpassing at gmail.com (valpa)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:52:52 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151868051.206324.259810@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151868051.206324.259810@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151920372.312117.118890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thanks,

But I need to to do complicated job in the xterm consoles for servers.
So I need
to open many xterm consoles and I just want to save my time from
telneting...usr/pwd...

Network Ninja wrote:
> valpa wrote:
> > I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> > telnet on to them and configure them.
> > It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> > each server.
> >
> > Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> > consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> > could start to type command in these xterms.
>
>
> I often have to add users/delete local user accounts on routers and
> switches. Each account is a local account, and I got tired of it. My
> very first python program was created to use the telnetlib, and either
> add, delete, or show a list of user accounts. It was very effective,
> because it would change the same accounts on each router and switch.
> Saved me a bunch of time, and got me hooked on python. If you are not
> concerned about security, the telnetlib in python will help you.
> Otherwise, use ssh, as it is more secure. You can even impliment
> public/private keys for password-less log on. If you want some help
> with the code for the telnetlib, let me know.



From jo at durchholz.org  Sun Jul 16 15:59:39 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 21:59:39 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> 
> Good point. Perhaps I should have said "relational algebra +
> variables with assignment." It is interesting to consider
> assignment vs. the more restricted update operators: insert,
> update, delete.

Actually I see it the other way round: assignment is strictly less 
powerful than DML since it doesn't allow creating or destroying 
variables, while UPDATE does cover assignment to fields.
(However, it's usually new+assignment+delete vs. INSERT+UPDATE+DELETE, 
at which point there is not much of a difference.)

>>>>> Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
>>>>> general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
>>>> No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an
>>>> alias, it would have to be a reference to something.
>>>>
>>>> However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly
>>>> important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is
>>>> essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is
>>>> vacuously true.
 >>>
>>> To me, the SQL with the where clause is like i+2, not like a[2].
>> I'd say WHERE is like [i+2]: neither is valid on its own, it's the
>> "selector" part of a reference into a table.
> 
> Is it possible you're being distracted by the syntax?

I think that's very, very unlikely ;-)

 > WHERE is a
> binary operation taking a relation and a filter function. I don't
> think of filters as being like array indexing; do they appear
> analogous to you?

Yes.

Filters are just like array indexing: both select a subset of variables 
from a collection. In SQL, you select a subset of a table, in a 
programming language, you select a subset of an array.

(The SQL selection mechanism is far more flexible in the kinds of 
filtering you can apply, while array indexing allows filtering just by 
ordinal position. However, the relevant point is that both select things 
that can be updated.)

>> I admit that identity cannot be reliably established in SQL. The
>> identity of a record isn't available (unless via OID extensions).
>> However, it is there and it can have effect.
> 
> Yes, I think I see what you mean now. This is in part a consequence
> of the restricted update operators.

I don't think so. You can update SQL records any way you want.
The unavailability of a record identity is due to the fact that, well, 
it's unavailable in standard SQL.

Regards,
Jo


From aleax at mac.com  Thu Jul 13 00:34:05 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:34:05 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hidt2p.1ylrr2mu6beeN%aleax@mac.com>

John Henry <john106henry at hotmail.com> wrote:

> Hi list,
> 
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
> 
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test

test = sum(bool(x) for x in logflags)==len(logflags)

is yet another possibility (without the effectiveness of
shortcircuiting, just like the quoted approach).  Some might prefer

test = not sum(not x for x in logflags)

but that's starting to border on the obscure;-).

If by "logicals" you mean "bool" instances (True and False) only, then

test = sum(logflags) == len(logflags)

is simpler and fast than, but equivalent to, my first suggestion.


Alex


From junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 14:02:01 2006
From: junkytownMAKNI at gmail.com (SuperHik)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 20:02:01 +0200
Subject: poplib Q
Message-ID: <e8jj6q$bhg$1@ss408.t-com.hr>

Hi!

I want to connect to gmail but...
It requires SSL so I worte:

 >>> import poplib
 >>> server = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com',995)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
   File "C:\Python24\lib\poplib.py", line 359, in __init__
     self.sslobj = socket.ssl(self.sock, self.keyfile, self.certfile)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ssl'
 >>>

what's with that?!
I found an old post to this group, and it connected the same way, only 
it worked.
(I use PythonWin 2.4.3 on WinXP)

tia!


From gelists at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 18:52:40 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 19:52:40 -0300
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <ev283jeu8rqh.muw86q5drppq.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-15 18:52:10, Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Elmo M?ntynen enlightened us with:
>> Only locally. I want to be able to read/write to a single file from
>> multiple possibly parallel processes. Would 'touch lock' (or
>> something like that) work reliably (this just occured to me)?
> 
> I use a lock directory for that, os.mkdir('/var/lock/somedir').
> If you use a file, you need two steps:
>     1) Check whether the lock-file exists
>     2) Create the lock-file

cvsnt for example used to use lock files. Now it uses a lock server: a
server app that just sits there and allows different processes to acquire,
check for and release locks on files. More implementation work, probably,
but more efficient.

Gerhard



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:23:33 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:23:33 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944721.328612.315080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153944857.186332.141270@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153945413.498270.40370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

faulkner wrote:
> er,
> ...|\[[^\]]*\]|...
> ^_^

That's why it is nice to use re.VERBOSE:

def splitup(s):
    return re.findall('''
        \( [^\)]* \)  |
        \[ [^\]]* \]  |
        \S+
        ''', s, re.VERBOSE)

Much less error prone this way

-- 
- Justin



From deusfaber at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 16:51:08 2006
From: deusfaber at gmail.com (dfaber)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:51:08 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1153169468.541947.194920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

So, how would I access /dev/input/ devices?
Can I just 'cat' them or read in those files?


Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> skip at pobox.com schrieb:
> >     Diez> You could use the /dev/input/event* devices.
> >
> > On the only Linux system I have available (Mojam's CentOS-based web server),
> > /dev/input/* are readable only by root.  That doesn't seem like it would be
> > very useful to tools like watch unless they were to run suid to root
> > (creating other problems).
>
> You don't need to give it root access. A simple rule for the udev that
> looks like this:
>
> KERNEL=="event[0-9]*",		NAME="input/%k", MODE="0444"
>
>
> will make the devices world readable. While I haven't thought about any
> security implications that might have (and am not especially
> knowledgeable in such things to be honest), I'm convinced it is way less
> likely to introduce any exploitable holes than suid root would.
> 
> Diez



From rocky at panix.com  Fri Jul 21 03:46:41 2006
From: rocky at panix.com (R. Bernstein)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 03:46:41 -0400
Subject: How to use pdb?
References: <1153457167.622255.275330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <wihzmf39z8e.fsf@panix3.panix.com>

tron.thomas at verizon.net writes:

> I am trying to figure out how to use the pdb module to debug Python
> programs, and I'm having difficulties.  I am pretty familiar with GDB
> which seems to be similar, 

If you are pretty familiar with gdb, try
http://bashdb.sourceforge.net/pydb. It is a great deal more similar. ;-)


> however I cannot even get the Python
> debugger to break into a program so I can step through it.  I wrote a
> simple program and below is an example of the steps I tried, as well as
> the results I got:
> 
> >>> import pdb
> >>> import MyProgram
> >>> pdb.run('MyProgram.mainFunction')
> > <string>(1)?()
> (Pdb) b MyProgram.MyClass.method
> Breakpoint 1 at MyProgram.py:8
> (Pdb) cont
> >>>
> 
> The program should have printed a message to the screen when execution
> was continued, and it should have hit the breakpoint during that
> execution.  Instead the debugger exitted to the main prompt.
> 
> What is the reason the dubugger behaves like this?

I think you misunderstand what pdb.run is supposed to do. It's not at
all like gdb's "run" command. In fact pdb doesn't even have a
debugger *command* called "run", although it does have top-level
function called "run".

pdb.run is evaluating MyProgram.mainfunction the same as if you were
to type it at Python's  >>> prompt. 

Except it will call the debugger control WHEN IT ENCOUNTERS THE FIRST
STATEMENT. I think if you were issu MyProgram.mainFunction at the
python prompt you'd get back something like: <function mainFunction at
0xb7f5c304>.

It wouldn't *call* the routine. To call it, you'd type something like
Myprogram.mainFunction()

But before you try to issue pdb.run('Myprogram.mainFunction()'), read
on. The way to use pdb.run is to insert it somewhere in your program
like MyProgram and have the debugger kick in, not something you issue
from a Python prompt.

> What is the correct way to accomplish what I am trying to do?
> 
> I have tried this process on Python 2.3.5 and 2.4.3 with the same
> results on each version.

Perhaps what you are looking for is:
  python /usr/lib/python2.4/pdb.py Myprogram.py

(Subtitute the correct path name for pdb.py.)

If you have pydb installed it adds a symbolic link to pydb.py. So here
you should be able to issue:

pydb Myprogram.py





From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Mon Jul 10 10:58:05 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 07:58:05 -0700
Subject: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.4.64.0607092317590.8452@localhost>
Message-ID: <070b01c6a431$405653f0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi john...

this is in regards to the web/parsing/factory/beautifulsoup....

to reiterate, i have python 2.4, mechanize, browser, beatifulsoup installed.
i have the latest mech from svn.

i'm getting the same err as reported by john t. the code/err follows.. (i
can resend the test html if you need)


any thoughts/pointers/etc would be helpful...

thanks

-bruce



test code
#! /usr/bin/env python


#test python script
import re
import libxml2dom
import urllib
import urllib2
import sys, string
#import numarray
import httplib
from  mechanize import Browser, RobustFactory
import mechanize
import BeautifulSoup

########################
#
# Parsing App Information
########################




# datafile
tfile = open("stanford.dat", 'wr+')

cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
br = Browser()


if __name__ == "__main__":
# main app


#----------------------------
# start trying to get the stanford pages
  cj = mechanize.CookieJar()
  br = Browser(factory=RobustFactory())

  fh = open('axess.dat')
  s = fh.read()
  fh.close()


  br.open("file:///home/test/axess.dat")
  .
  .
  .
  .



err/output
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./axess.py", line 45, in ?
    br.open("file:///home/test/axess.dat")
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 130, in
open
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 170, in
_mech_open
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_mechanize.py", line 213, in
set_response
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 577, in
set_response
  File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/mechanize/_html.py", line 316, in
__init__
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1326, in
__init__
    BeautifulStoneSoup.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 973, in
__init__
    self._feed()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 987, in
_feed
    smartQuotesTo=self.smartQuotesTo)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1580, in
__init__
    u = self._convertFrom(proposedEncoding)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1614, in
_convertFrom
    proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1731, in
find_codec
    return self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset)) \
  File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/BeautifulSoup.py", line 1740, in
_codec
    codecs.lookup(charset)
TypeError: lookup() argument 1 must be string, not bool




is this where i've seen references to integrating Beautifulsoup in the wb
browsing app?

-bruce


-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of John J Lee
Sent: Monday, July 10, 2006 2:29 AM
To: wwwsearch-general at lists.sourceforge.net
Cc: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: [wwwsearch-general] ClientForm request re ParseErrors


On Sun, 9 Jul 2006, bruce wrote:
[...]
> sgmllib.SGMLParseError: expected name token at '<! Others/0/WIN; Too'
>
>
> partial html
> -----------------------------------
> </table>
> <br />
> <FORM NAME='main' METHOD=POST
>
Action="/servlets/iclientservlet/a2k_prd/?ICType=Panel&Menu=SA_LEARNER_SERVI
> CES&Market=GBL&PanelGroupName=CLASS_SEARCH"  autocomplete=off>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICType VALUE=Panel>
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICElementNum VALUE="0">
> <INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=ICStateNum VALUE="1">
[...]

You don't include the HTML mentioned in the exception message ('<!
Others/0/WIN; Too') in the part of the HTML that you quote, but that
snippet is enough to see what's wrong, and lets you find exactly where in
the HTML the problem lies.  Comments in HTML start with '<!--' and end
with '-->'.  The comment sgmllib is complaining about is missing the '--'.

You can work around bad HTML using the .set_data() method on response
objects and the .set_response() method on Browser.  Call the latter before
you call any other methods that would require parsing the HTML.

r = br.response()
r.set_data(clean_html(br.get_data()))
br.set_response(r)


You must write clean_html yourself (though you may use an external tool to
do so, of course).

Alternatively, use a more robust parser, e.g.

br = mechanize.Browser(factory=mechanize.RobustFactory())


(you may also integrate another parser of your choice with mechanize, with
more effort)


John
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From hanumizzle at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 18:38:38 2006
From: hanumizzle at gmail.com (hanumizzle at gmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 15:38:38 -0700
Subject: Type signature
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8423.1153605052.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153607918.359316.128370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Yacao Wang wrote:
> Hi, I'm a newbie to Python. I've recently read some books about this
> language and none of them have answered my question.
> As a dynamically-typed language Python doesn't need any form of type
> signature which makes the syntax very clean and concise.

OK...

> However, type
> signatures are not only a kind of information provided for the compiler

Statically-typed code tends (generally) to be faster than
dynamically-typed code, obviously. Often, it doesn't really matter,
though. (This is an old argument.)

Lush is an interesting Lisp-like language that supports admixture of
dynamic and static typing, and uses type signatures to support it. It
can produce high performance machine code because of this.

> Python relies too much on run-time type-checking, that is,
> whenever you give the wrong type, you just end up with an exception, which
> is logically correct, but not that useful as type signatures.

As said before, polymorphism plays an important role. In addition to
looking up 'duck typing' (c.f. Programming Ruby), it might also be
useful to look for Damian Conway's observations on 'interface
polymorphism' (standard practice in Perl, Python, Ruby, etc.) vs.
'inheritance polymorphism' (what you get with C++ and IIRC Java).



From danielmarkhot at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 19:02:07 2006
From: danielmarkhot at gmail.com (Daniel Mark)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 16:02:07 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecjicn.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<20gkc2999g0edaeka9ceu8q9fku68khbcn@4ax.com>
	<1154112111.816803.288430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154120956.021115.33960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154127727.699168.152460@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Dear John:

> Have a look in each of those folders (including the root!!) and see
> what you find there. [If I were forced to bet, I'd put my money on
> cygwin].

You are a genius!!!

My machine was intalled python in cygwin:)

I didn't expect that I could get so much helps from this forum.
My heartfelt thanks go out to John and all friends here:)

-Daniel



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 04:00:21 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:00:21 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> 
>>Steve Jobless enlightened us with:
>>
>>>The first case can be just a typo, like:
>>>
>>>  x.valeu = 5
>>>
>>>I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message
>>>would be unreadable :).
>>
>>Then learn to read what you type, as you type it. Typing without
>>errors can be trained.
> 
> 
> I'd rather let a machine to do that. Wasn't computer created for tasks
> like this? (No, not really. But...)

There's obviously a trade-off between 'security' and flexibility. As I
said, I do make lots of typo too, but OTOH the edit/test cycle in Python
is usually so short that such errors are not a problem for me - they're
caught almost immediatly.

> 
>>>The second case can be like:
>>>
>>>  x.next = y
>>>  y.next = None
>>>
>>>to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
>>>overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
>>
>>You shouldn't simply pick a name and assign something to it without
>>checking the current use of that name. It's pretty much true for
>>everything in life.
> 
> 
> Well, the choice of "next" was not a good example. Sure, no one with
> decent Python knowledge would do that.
> But what about adding a method to the class? Am I supposed to ask "Is
> anyone using name xxx?"

assert 'xxx' not in dir(SomeClassOrObject)

> The class may be used by  developers I don't
> even know and some of them may be on the other side of the planet...

How could this be a problem ? What's added/changed at runtime in a given
app doesn't impact the source code.

> 
>>>If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
>>>someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
>>>horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work
>>>with.
>>
>>Long live a versioning system. With that, you can find the person
>>writing the horrible code, and slap them on the back of the head.
>>People, like all animals, can be trained into doing the right thing.
> 
> 
> I'd like to. But often those people are long gone for one reason or
> another. Sometimes, it happens to be my boss...

If your boss is a bad programmer and doesn't know it, then you're in for
trouble whatever the language.

> 
> Maybe I should ask the question in a different way:
> 
> What are the benefits from this? There must be something really good
> (and hopefully safe) you can do with it only from the outside. I don't
> have much problem over-riding functions from the inside of the class.
> But from the outside, I fail to see why anyone needs to add attributes
> or over-ride functions.

Just one example : suppose you're working with a framework. Suppose
you'd need to customize some objects (including classes - Python classes
are objects too) of the framework, but the framework has no hook for
this and you definitively don't wan't to bother patching the code and
maintaining your own branch.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From richie at entrian.com  Thu Jul  6 10:36:38 2006
From: richie at entrian.com (Richie Hindle)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 15:36:38 +0100
Subject: getting current UNIX uid
In-Reply-To: <1152195937.236858.183080@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152195937.236858.183080@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <at7qa2hcvrnte2eh71lmlveq6g8jgs7dt9@4ax.com>


[Johhny]
> I am trying to get the user that is running the scripts uid, I have had
> a look at the pwd module and it does not appear to offer that
> functionality. Is there any way within python to get that information ?

It's in the 'os' module:

>>> import os
>>> os.getuid()
553

-- 
Richie Hindle
richie at entrian.com


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:33:51 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:33:51 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152542266.144143.49680@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hf7vlF1quikaU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1152549231.870058.321340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

> >> What's wrong about arrays of chars?
> >
> > Arrays of chars are dangerous. If you insist, use Python lists of
> > Python "chars" (strings of length 1).
>
> Why are they more dangerous than a self-written mutable string?

I didn't say that. I meant that arrays in the C++ sense are dangerous.


> > If you really want a mutable string type, there's nothing in python
> > that keeps you from writting one yourself. You just have to be more
> > careful than you would be in C++, because your MutableString type would
> > always be passed by reference to functions, and so you'd have to be
> > very careful to copy it unless you want weird, unfindable bugs to crop
> > up in your program.
>
> I don't buy that. You are right about the dangers - but I fail to see where
> C++ gives you any protection from these pitfalls. And what disqualifies an
> array of characters in python that exists and has  all the methods I can
> think of for a  mutable string.

C++ offers pass by value options. That makes it so you never need to
worry about messing up data that doesn't belong to you unless you
explicitly pass by reference. Python doesn't do this for you. Thus, a
mutable string class in Python requires a great deal more care since
you need to make copies of every string in every function in order to
prevent changes in one object's string from affecting another.



From olsongt at verizon.net  Tue Jul 25 14:54:28 2006
From: olsongt at verizon.net (olsongt at verizon.net)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 11:54:28 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8495.1153774276.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>
	<mailman.8495.1153774276.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153853668.371619.291470@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
> > On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:22:49 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
> >
> >> Steve Holden wrote:
> >>
> >>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> >>> [... rant ...]
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
> >>>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
> >>>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
> >>>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
> >>>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
> >>>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
> >>>> way around this scenario?
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>> Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research
> >>> the history of this design decision in the language you should discover
> >>> there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >> Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven
> >> communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a
> >> message, stops everything, and processes the message.
> >>
> >>
> >
> > And what happens if the thread was halfway through a malloc call and
> > the data structures used to manage the state of the heap are in an
> > inconsistent state when the interrupt occurs?
> >
> > This has been discussed many many times in the context of many many
> > languages and threading libraries.  If you're really interested, do
> > the investigation Steve suggested.  You'll find plenty of material.
> >
>
> I've been digging around with Queue.Queue and have yet to come across
> any solution to this problem.  Queue.Queue just offers a pretty package
> for passing around data, it doesn't solve the "polling" problem.  I
> wonder why malloc()'s can't be done in an atomic state (along with other
> operations that should be atomic, maybe that's a question for OS guys, I
> dunno).  Using Queue.Queue still puts me in a horribly inflexible
> "polling" scenario.  Yea, I understand many of the reasons why we don't
> have "threadicide", and why it was even removed from java.  What I don't
> understand is why we can't come up with something a bit better.  Why
> couldn't a thread relinquish control when its safe to do so?  While the
> interpreter is busy doing malloc()s a thread receives a control message,
> the thread waits until it knows its no longer in an atomic state and
> gives control to the message handler when it can.  Its about setting up
> a large system that is controllable without the painstaking process of
> putting message polling loops all over the place.  Main threads in a
> python program can setup a signal handler, accept signals, and that
> signal can happily go ahead and kill a python interpreter.  Why can't
> this concept be taken farther and introduced into threading?
>
> There is no system that is completely interruptible, there will always
> be a state in which it is not safe to interrupt, but many systems work
> around this just fine with cautious programming.  Has anyone considered
> an event driven approach to sending control messages to threads?
>
> -c
>


Have you looked at stackless yet?

You can do all kinds of crazy stuff like infinitely suspending a
tasklet (stackless' version of threads) and effectively killing it,
sending messages via channels that can be externally monitored, send
arbitrary exceptions that are immediately raised in other tasklets,
writing your own pre-emptive schedules, saving a tasklet on disk for
later examination, etc, etc.



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Tue Jul 18 15:28:06 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:28:06 -0400
Subject: ScientificPython - LeastSquareFit diverges
References: <1153231141.343981.153630@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jco6$v9o$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Harold Fellermann" <dadapapa at googlemail.com> wrote in message 
news:1153231141.343981.153630 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> I am trying to fit a powerlaw to a small dataset using
> Scientific.Functions.LeastSquares fit.

This is a bit off-topic here, and normally better for the scipy list, but I 
have some experience with nonlinear least squares.

> Unfortunately, the algorithm seems to diverge and throws an
> OverflowException.

Assuming the program is okay, this means that either the function 
mismatches the data or the initial values are too far off to converge.

> Here is how I try it:
>>>> from Scientific.Functions.LeastSquares import leastSquaresFit
>>>>
>>>> data = [
> ...     (2.5, 589.0, 0.10000000000000001),
> ...     (7.5, 442.0, 0.10000000000000001),
> ...     (12.5, 96.0, 0.10000000000000001),

I presume that tuples are x, y, some_error_indicator.  But the last does 
not matter here.

>>>> def powerlaw((a,b),x) :
> ...     return a*x**b

Did you try plotting logx versus log y to see if you get approximately a 
straight line?  If so, the intercept and slope are estimates of loga and b.
> ...
>>>> params,chisq = leastSquaresFit(powerlaw,(10,-3),data)

I presume (10,-3) is the starting (a,b).  But, for instance 10*7.5**-3 = 
.02, which has no relation to 442, whereas, for instance, 1000*7.5-.75 = 
221, which is in the ballpark, at least.  So (a,b)=(1000, -.75) might have 
a chance.

Terry Jan Reedy





From grante at visi.com  Wed Jul 12 10:08:58 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 14:08:58 -0000
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
	<1152687126.405231.75990@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12ba0jq1u7l59af@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-12, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:
> Grant Edwards wrote:
>> On 2006-07-11, Qiangning Hong <hongqn at gmail.com> wrote:
>> > However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I
>> > found it produces different values in my two computers!  In a
>> > pentium4, hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') ->
>> > 12416037344.  Does hash function depend on machine's word
>> > length?
>>
>> Apparently. :)
>>
>> The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
>> portion of the returned hash?
>>
>> >>> hex(12416037344)
>> '0x2E40DB1E0L'
>> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffffffffffff)
>> '0xFFFFFFFFE40DB1E0L'
>>
>> >>> hex(12416037344 & 0xffffffff)
>> '0xE40DB1E0L'
>> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffff)
>> '0xE40DB1E0L'
>
> Is this relationship (same low 32 bits) guaranteed?

No, I don't believe so.

> Will it change in the future version?

It may.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Is this an out-take
                                  at               from the "BRADY BUNCH"?
                               visi.com            


From matt.good at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 18:22:01 2006
From: matt.good at gmail.com (Matt Good)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 15:22:01 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7686.1151767435.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151741360.158460.92480@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7686.1151767435.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151792521.042357.268890@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> that's exactly what i'm trying to accomplish... i've used tidy, but it seems
> to still generate warnings...
>
>  initFile -> tidy ->cleanFile -> perl app (using xpath/livxml)
>
> the xpath/linxml functions in the perl app complain regarding the file. my
> thought is that tidy isn't cleaning enough, or that the perl xpath/libxml
> functions are too strict!

Clean HTML is not valid XML.  If you want to process the output with an
XML library you'll need to tell Tidy to output XHTML.  Then it should
be valid for XML processing.

Of course BeautifulSoup is also a very nice library if you need to
extract some information, but don't necessarilly require XML processing
to do it.

-- Matt Good



From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 15:40:07 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 16:40:07 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1iv3jj43f7ovc$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-23 14:53:33, danielx wrote:

> I can't figure out why Josiah's breakLine function won't work either. I
> know Josiah has had his problem resolved, but I'd still like to know
> why his func won't work. I'd like to redirect this discussion in that
> direction, if I may.

I think what happens is this (and this may not be expressed in the proper
terms for Python): It is possible to read variables from the outer function
in the inner function. But when trying to write to them, this causes that
same name to be re-defined in the inner function's scope, making it a
different variable. Now, in the OP's code, that caused that new variable
(with scope of the inner function) to be accessed before anything was
assigned to it. 

One obvious way is to not write to the variables from the outer scope, but
rather return a value from the inner function and assign it in the outer
function. But it seems there should be a way to be able to write in the
inner function to variables that are defined in the outer function.


>> First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists
>> in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.
> 
> Coming from lisp, that doesn't make very much sense, and I'm not sure
> that's true. If you move the def for addTok bellow the lines that
> initialize the locals of breakLines, you still get the same problem.

The problem there is only secondarily a scope problem. At first it is
reading a variable (the inner function scope variable tok) before anything
has been assigned to it. Of course, the real problem is the secondary one:
that this variable tok is a variable of scope addTok and not of scope
breakLine.

>> Second point: a nested function cannot rebind names from the enclosing
>> namespace. Note that in Python, rebinding a name and modifying the
>> object bound to a name are very distinct operations.
> 
> I'm not sure that's the problem, because when I ran the debugger, the
> problem is with the line that says if len(tok), not the one bellow it
> which says tok = "". Regardless, my above issue seems to be overriding
> this one.

Yes, but it is the line "tok = ''" that seems to cause tok to be now a
variable of the inner function's scope (rather than the variable tok of
breakLine). 


> After some experimentation, I am completely baffeled as to why
> breakLine won't work. Here is an example of one of the things I did,
> which I believe exactly mimics what breakLine does:
> 
>>>> def outer():
> ... 	def inner():
> ... 		if outerLocal:
> ... 			return "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> ... 		else:
> ... 			return "Come again?"
> ... 	outerLocal = "hello world"
> ... 	return inner()
> ...
>>>> outer()
> "I hear you, 'hello world'."
> 
> As I said, I believe the line which sets tok should break (quietly),
> but not the line which tests tok. My experiment seems to confirm
> this...

The line that sets tok causes tok to be a different tok from the outer tok
-- in the whole scope of the assignment.

Gerhard



From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 20:34:51 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:34:51 -0300
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com> <44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 19:08:44, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

> Also, threading's condition and event constructs are used a lot 
> (i talk about it somewhere in that thing I wrote).  They are easy to use 
> and nice and ready for me, with a server wouldn't I have to have things 
> poll/wait for messages?

How would a thread receive a message, unless it polls some kind of queue or
waits for a message from a queue or at a semaphore? You can't just "push" a
message into a thread; the thread has to "pick it up", one way or another. 

Gerhard



From fumanchu at amor.org  Wed Jul  5 11:58:38 2006
From: fumanchu at amor.org (fumanchu)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 08:58:38 -0700
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
In-Reply-To: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152115118.517322.99460@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

eduardo.padoan at gmail.com wrote:
> I have some ideas about a ORM design,
> but have no time to start its development.

So why tell us? What are your ideas? What does your design do that the
others don't?


Robert Brewer
System Architect
Amor Ministries
fumanchu at amor.org



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 04:33:27 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:33:27 +1000
Subject: how to stop python...
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44a8d655$1@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 2:27 PM, bruce wrote:
> hi...
> 
> perl has the concept of "die".
> does python have anything similar. how can a
> python app be stopped?
> 
> the docs refer to a sys.stop.. but i can't find anything else... am i
> missing something...
> 

Inter alia, sys.exit() and a functional Shift key.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 10 17:42:31 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 07:42:31 +1000
Subject: How properly manage memory of this PyObject* array?? (C extension)
In-Reply-To: <1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152422999.088392.233180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7939.1152435149.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152556743.643779.91850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b2c9c6@news.eftel.com>

On 11/07/2006 4:39 AM, seberino at spawar.navy.mil wrote:
>>> Q2: Must I do free(my_array); at end of function??
>> unless some other part of your program holds on to it
> 
> F.
> 
> Thanks!  If I understand you correctly then I never have
> to do free(my_array); because all the elements
> of my_array are still being used and appended to other
> structures elsewhere right?

*WRONG* -- reread /F's response:
"""
unless some other part of your program holds on to it, of course you 
have to release it.  it's a bit surprising that you have to ask this, 
really -- any C tutorial should explain how malloc/free works.
"""

> 
> As long as each element of my_array is managed
> properly and freed properly there is  NEVER any
> reason to worry about fact that free(my_array)
> will never get run right?

*WRONG* -- the reason to worry is that the memory occupied by the 
my_array itself is never handed back. If you don't free it, repeated 
calls to your function will cause your app to run out of memory.

It's quite simple, really: You malloc it, you free it. I share the 
effbot's surprise: If you (or the taxpayers!) paid money for a 
course/book/tutorial that didn't include that advice, a claim for a 
refund is definitely indicated.

HTH,
John


From eval.apply at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 14:00:24 2006
From: eval.apply at gmail.com (Joe Marshall)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:00:24 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e950oa$a11al$2@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
	<1152803102.013470.164540@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152814522.080290.267010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152820770.519295.323890@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152828428.281715.299050@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152833316.272422.257250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e97qrh$cou$1@online.de>
	<1152891920.228515.188180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153159224.849151.88170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Marshall wrote:
>
> I am having a hard time with this very broad definition of aliasing.

How about this definition:  Consider three variables, i, j, and k, and
a functional equivalence predicate (EQUIVALENT(i, j) returns true if
for every pure function F, F(i) = F(j)).  Now suppose i and j are
EQUIVALENT at some point, then a side effecting function G is invoked
on k, after which i and j are no longer equivalent.  Then there is
aliasing.

This is still a little awkward, but there are three main points:
  1.  Aliasing occurs between variables (named objects).
  2.  It is tied to the notion of equivalence.
  3.  You can detect it when a procedure that has no access to a value
can nonetheless modify the value.

In a call-by-value language, you cannot alias values directly, but if
the values are aggregate data structures (like in Java), you may be
able to modify a shared subcomponent.



From http  Mon Jul 31 02:36:44 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 23:36:44 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7xk65uth4z.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> > Why are you avoiding naming the chip and its compiler?
> 
> I must disagree on that one: There are many threads on this site where
> people just have fun talking algorithm. I'm not an algo. expert and I know
> there are many here.

This is just like the very common situation here and on sci.crypt,
where a person has a programming or algorithm question and gets asked
what the application is, and when they answer, it turns out that what
they need is not anything like what they thought they needed.

> on one device, the processor in an 8-bit arm and the X-compiler is made by
> epson 
> 
> on the other device, the processor is unknown to me and the environment is a
> subset of java made for smartcards called javacard.

???? You mean ARM?? There is no such thing as an 8-bit ARM; they are
32-bit cpu's that (in some models) support a 16-bit instruction
format.

Javacard is an interpreter that runs in many 8-bit processors.  The
interpreter supports 32-bit arithmetic.


From uche.ogbuji at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 22:28:30 2006
From: uche.ogbuji at gmail.com (uche.ogbuji at gmail.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 19:28:30 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7686.1151767435.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151741360.158460.92480@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7686.1151767435.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151893710.582607.26570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi paddy...
>
> that's exactly what i'm trying to accomplish... i've used tidy, but it seems
> to still generate warnings...
>
>  initFile -> tidy ->cleanFile -> perl app (using xpath/livxml)
>
> the xpath/linxml functions in the perl app complain regarding the file. my
> thought is that tidy isn't cleaning enough, or that the perl xpath/libxml
> functions are too strict!
>
> which is why i decided to see if anyone on the python side has
> experienced/solved this problem..

FWIW here's my usual approach:

http://copia.ogbuji.net/blog/2005-07-22/Beyond_HTM

Personally, I avoid Tidy.  I've too often seen it crash or hang on
really bad HTML.  TagSoup seems to be built like a tank.  I've also
never seen BeautifulSoup choke, but I don't use it as much as TagSoup.

--
Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 00:40:36 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 21:40:36 -0700
Subject: Add a method to the int class
In-Reply-To: <1152505455.432235.275880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152505455.432235.275880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152506435.981832.6910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


barberomarcelo at gmail.com wrote:
> How can I add a method to the int class?

sub class it

>>> class MyInt(int):
>>>    def times(self,multiple):
>>>         return self * multiple
>>>
>>>  a = 2
>>>  print a
        2
>>>  a = MyInt(2)
>>>  print a
>>>  2
>>>  print a.times(2)
        4


--Cheers



From guthrie at mum.edu  Mon Jul 10 00:58:07 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 23:58:07 -0500
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu>

Good point, thanks.

But if (as I proposed..!) the user interface is better if presented as a 
method. one could porovide convenience methods which would then 
interface to these underlying library functions; yes?

So the main datatype classes could support such a method style, and just 
layer on top of the library.

Anyway, I get your point, thanks.

Greg

Steven Bethard wrote:

> guthrie wrote:
> 
>> Steven Bethard wrote:
>>
>>> Why would ``x.len()`` be any more convenient than ``len(x)``? Your 
>>> preference here seems pretty arbitrary.
>>
>> -- Perhaps;
>> but having all standard operations as a method seems more regular (to 
>> me), and allows a simple chained operation format of a series of 
>> method calls, instead of alternating prefix function calls, and 
>> post-fix method invocations; e.g.
>>       x.lower().strip().toList().sort().join()
>> seems cleaner and simpler than the usage below, where the pre/post 
>> alternation is visually more complex.
>> I think the mix of OO like methods, and global functions, is not ideal.
> 
> 
> The advantage of a functional form over a method shows up when you write 
> a function that works on a variety of different types. Below are 
> implementations of "list()", "sorted()" and "join()" that work on any 
> iterable and only need to be defined once::
> 
>     def list(iterable):
>         result = []
>         for item in iterable:
>             result.append(item)
>         return result
> 
>     def sorted(iterable):
>         result = list(iterable)
>         result.sort()
>         return result
> 
>     def join(iterable):
>         # this is more efficient in C, where the string's buffer can be
>         # pre-allocated before iterating through the loop.
>         result = ''
>         for item in iterable:
>             result += item
>         return result
> 
> Now, by providing these as functions, I only have to write them once, 
> and they work on *any* iterable, including some container object that 
> you invent tomorrow.
> 
> If everything were methods, when you invented your container object 
> tomorrow, you'd have to reimplement these methods on your class. (Or 
> we'd have to introduce a Container class to provide them, and everyone 
> would have to inherit from that if they wanted to define a container.)
> 
> 
> STeVe


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
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From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:03:22 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:03:22 -0700
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154019801.999805.150000@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
[snip]
> for item in list_items:
>     download_from_web(item)
>
> This way, one items is downloaded at a time.
>
> I'm planning to implement threads in my application so that multiple
> items can be downloaded concurrently. I want the thread option to be
> user-defined.
[snip]

See my post about the iterthreader module I wrote...
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/2ef29fae28cf44c1/

for url, result in Threader(download_from_web, list_items):
    print url, result
    #...

-- 
- Justin



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 04:22:38 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 10:22:38 +0200
Subject: Sudoko solver
References: <44aa2271$0$1033$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
Message-ID: <e8d8g4$8pm$1@sea.gmane.org>

Rony Steelandt wrote:

> I wonder if somebody had a Sudoko solver written in Python ?

http://www.google.com/search?q=python+soduko returns some 15000 hits,
including this little gem:

    http://norvig.com/sudoku.html

</F> 





From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 12 03:49:59 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:49:59 +0100
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
In-Reply-To: <44B3EE60.7020004@mvista.com>
References: <44B3EE60.7020004@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <e929j6$g9u$1@sea.gmane.org>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> I'm not sure the proper way to phrase the question, but let me try.
> 
> Basically, I'm working with a script where someone wrote:
> 
> kr = string.strip(os.popen('make kernelrelease').read())
> 
> 
> And then searches kr to match a regular expression.
> 
> This seems to have been working, however lately when this line executes 
> I get a number of messages to stderr after several minutes of execution:
> 
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
> cat: write error: Broken pipe
> 
> 
> I know the output from this make has been growing (make applies some 
> patches and the patch list is growing).  Does os.popen() have some kind 
> of read buffer limit that i'm hitting which is causing things to break?
> 
> 
> 
> 
While I can't tell you where the error is, I *can* tell you that the 
message is caused when some proces that's writing to a pipe sees the 
pipeline's reader close the pipe while the writer is still sending data.

If you are seeing alot of error messages you shoudl really redirect the 
standard error to a file to avoid them cluttering up your console.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 17 13:44:48 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 18:44:48 +0100
Subject: pyKML: where to get it?
In-Reply-To: <2387F0EED10A4545A840B231BBAAC7226084C4@slcimail1.slcgov.com>
References: <2387F0EED10A4545A840B231BBAAC7226084C4@slcimail1.slcgov.com>
Message-ID: <e9giah$39t$3@sea.gmane.org>

Bell, Kevin wrote:
> When trying to download pyKML at sourceForge, it says "No File Packages
> Defined" ;(
> 
> Does anyone know where I can get pyKML?
> 
You'll probably need to read the instructions on accessing the 
Subversion repository, and download it from there. If they haven't made 
a release yet, that'll be the only place the code lives ...

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From manlio_perilloNO at SPAMlibero.it  Tue Jul 11 14:03:45 2006
From: manlio_perilloNO at SPAMlibero.it (Manlio Perillo)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 18:03:45 GMT
Subject: Making HTTP requests using Twisted
In-Reply-To: <kARsg.36418$_J1.444853@twister2.libero.it>
References: <1152608197.957561.143510@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<kARsg.36418$_J1.444853@twister2.libero.it>
Message-ID: <5KRsg.36439$_J1.445146@twister2.libero.it>

Manlio Perillo ha scritto:
> [...]

> Here is a quick example, ABSOLUTELY NOT TESTED:
> 
> class DownloadQueue(object):
>     SIZE = 50
> 
>     def init(self):
>         self.requests = [] # queued requests
>         self.deferreds = [] # waiting requests
> 
>     def addRequest(self, url, timeout):
>         if len(self.deferreds) >= sels.SIZE:
>             # wait for completion of all previous requests
>             DeferredList(self.deferreds
>                          ).addCallback(self._callback)
>             self.deferreds = []

The deferreds list should be cleared in the _callback method, not here.
Please note that probably there are other bugs.


Regards  Manlio Perillo


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From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sat Jul 15 02:54:38 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 18:54:38 +1200
Subject: printing raw postscript data on windows
References: <1152896884$mail2nntp@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>
Message-ID: <ldo-D79FBD.18543815072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1152896884$mail2nntp at hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>,
 Uwe Schmitt <schmitt at num.uni-sb.de> wrote:

>I am trying to print raw postscript data on windows.
>win32print should do the work like this:
>
>   h=win32print.OpenPrinter(name)
>   win32print.StartDocPrinter(h, 1, ("", "", "RAW"))
>   win32print.WritePrinter(h, file("p.ps").read())
>   win32print.EndDocPrinter(h)
>   win32print.ClosePrinter(h)
>
>This works for some printers, but not for all.

One possibility is that the printer itself is doing some kind of 
auto-emulation-sensing. My experience is that this kind of thing never 
works reliably when PostScript is involved.

1) Can you check the printer settings, to ensure its "personality" (or 
whatever it's called) is set to "PostScript" and not "auto"?
2) Failing that, what if you make sure the first line of your PostScript 
is always a comment beginning with "%!" or "%!PS-"?


From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Thu Jul 20 15:05:34 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 12:05:34 -0700
Subject: ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
	Permission denied
Message-ID: <1153422334.346817.9840@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am using RedHat Linux 4. and I developed an oracle 10g based
application by using cx_Oracle (cx_Oracle-4.1-10g-py23-1.i386.rpm) and
Python 2.3.4.

When I run the application through direct console connection, It works
perfect.

But, when I schedule a crontab job to run the application, It logs this
error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/nsm1/NSM1/NSM1.py", line 5, in ?
    import cx_Oracle
ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file:
Permission denied


How can I fix the problem?

Any help would be appreciated,
Max

BTW:

I have the following settings in my /etc/profile file:

#-------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/oracle/product
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0/db_1
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
#-------------------------------------------



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 29 12:39:01 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 09:39:01 -0700
Subject: Client/Server Question
In-Reply-To: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154116446.226996.226410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154191141.209741.202460@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> My server.py looks like this
>
> ---------------------------------------------CODE----------------------------------
> #!/usr/bin/env python
> import socket
> import sys
> import os
>
> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> host = ''
> port = 2000
>
> s.bind((host,port))
> s.listen(1)
> conn, addr = s.accept()
> print 'client is at', addr
>
> while True:
> 	data = conn.recv(1000000)
> 	if (data == 'MaxSim'):
> 		print 'MaxiSim'
> 		os.system('notepad')
> 	elif (data == 'Driving Sim'):
> 		print 'Driving Sim'
> 		os.system('explorer')
> 	elif (data == 'SHUTDOWN'):
> 		print 'Shutting down...'
> 		os.system('shutdown -s')
> 		conn.close()
> 		break
> -------------------------------------------CODE
> END-------------------------------------
>
> I am running this above program on a windows machine. My client is a
> Linux box. What I want to achieve is that server.py should follows
> instructions till I send a 'SHUTDOWN' command upon which it should shut
> down.
>
> When I run this program and suppose send 'MaxSim' to it, it launches
> notepad.exe fine, but then after that it doesn't accept subsequent
> command.

As others noted, that's because os.system() blocks.
You have more bugs than that.

The recv() might return "MaxiSimDriving Sim". It could return
"MaxiS" on one call, and "im" on the next. If the remote side
closes the connection, recv() will keep returning the empty
string, and your program will be stuck in an infinite loop.

Did you understand Faulkner's suggustion? Anyone who connects to
TCP port 2000 can invoke "shutdown -s" (which I assume shuts down
your host).


-- 
--Bryan



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:59:30 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 14:59:30 -0300
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <fm919l477369.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 14:03:30, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com wrote:

> To read from the chip, one must issue the "read page" command (33h),
> followed by the two-byte address of the requested page (pages are 32
> bytes long). After receiving this, the DS1615 will send the data in a
> burst of (up to) 32 bytes. 

I'm not sure what you mean when you say it will send "up to" 32 bytes. If
you mean that it sends bytes until all existing values have been sent --
did you make sure you have any values in the buffer?

(Just asking the obvious... :)

Gerhard



From v_antonio at hotmail.com  Sat Jul 29 09:59:02 2006
From: v_antonio at hotmail.com (Antonio Valentino)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 13:59:02 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ed9043e6da87a8703eaca575c3d7542a.126308@mygate.mailgate.org>

"placid" <Bulkan at gmail.com> wrote in message
news:1154064385.494993.159510 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com

> Hi all,
> 
> I have been looking into non-blocking read (readline) operations on
> PIPES on windows XP and there seems to be no way of doing this. Ive
> read that you could use a Thread to read from the pipe, but if you
> still use readline() wouldnt the Thread block too?

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/440554

> What i need to do is, create a process using subprocess.Popen, where
> the subprocess outputs information on one line (but the info
> continuesly changes and its always on the same line) and read this
> information without blocking, so i can retrieve other data from the
> line i read in then put this in a GUI interface.
> 
> 
> readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use
> read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected
> functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its
> not constant so i cant use this too.
> 
> Any ideas of solving this problem?
> 
> 
> Cheers

I realized something very similar to what you described in 

http://sourceforge.net/projects/bestgui

- the subprocess2.py module realizes the non blocking I/O
- the outputparser.py module processes the output from the controlled
process and updates the progress-bar, the status-bar and the log
messages in the GUI. Incomplete lines are stored in a buffer and
processed at the next read.

ciao

-- 
Antonio Valentino



-- 
Posted via Mailgate.ORG Server - http://www.Mailgate.ORG


From rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de  Thu Jul  6 05:30:00 2006
From: rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de (Rolf Wester)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 11:30:00 +0200
Subject: Is there a Python __LINE__ ?
Message-ID: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>

Hi,

is there a Python aquivalent to the C __LINE__?

Thank you in advance

Regards

Rolf


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sun Jul 16 09:40:11 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 15:40:11 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.16.13.40.10.287426@gmx.net>

In <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list at python.org>, Daniel Nogradi
wrote:

> More precisely I have a module m with some content:
> 
> # m.py
> class A:
>     pass
> class x( A ):
>     pass
> class y( A ):
>     pass
> # all kinds of other objects follow
> # end of m.py
> 
> and then in another module I have currently:
> 
> # n.py
> import m
> x = m.x( )
> y = m.y( )
> # end of n.py
> 
> and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
> instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
> classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
> are subclasses of A.
> 
> Any ideas?

Just go through the objects in the module, test if they are classes,
subclasses of `A` and not `A` itself:

from inspect import isclass
import test

instances = dict()
for name in dir(test):
    obj = getattr(test, name)
    if isclass(obj) and issubclass(obj, test.A) and obj is not test.A:
        instances[name] = obj()



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  2 18:29:14 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 15:29:14 -0700
Subject: PyPy and constraints
In-Reply-To: <1151862180.775233.270610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151836641.760950.46510@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151862180.775233.270610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151879354.420683.18460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Ziga Seilnacht wrote:
> Paddy wrote:
> > I followed the recent anouncement of version 0.9 of PyPi and found out
> > that there was work included on adding constraint satisfaction solvers
> > to PyPy:
> >   http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/howto-logicobjspace-0.9.html
> >
> > I was wondering if this was a possibiity for "mainstream" python, and
> > wether the the algorithms used could handle the kind of use mentioned
> > here:
> >
> > http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/d297170cfbf1bb34/d4773320e3417d9c?q=constraints+paddy3118&rnum=3#d4773320e3417d9c
> >
> > Thanks, Paddy.
>
> See: http://www.logilab.org/projects/constraint
>
> Hope this helps,
> Ziga

Thanks Ziga,
i had already had a look at that package and its very good.
But, I guess what is different about what is used in the Verification
of electronic designs is the notion of randomized variables.
if you declared a randomized variable R1 and said it was constrained
such that
 0<=R1 <256
Then you could generate values of R1 which would have successive
PSEUDO-RANDOM values between 0 and 255 inclusive.
If you introduced randomized variable R2, with the constraints:
  R2 >=0
  R1*R2 <512

Then you could generate R1,R2 pairs that satisfy the relations and
appear pseudo-random.

Some Electronic Design Automation constraint solvers might generate all
solutions before epeating. but this is not necessary.

The idea is that you electronic designs have a huge state space to test
and so cannot be exaustively tested. If you write a deterministic test
then you are directly loading your test with bias about how you think
the design works or should be tested. With constrained random
generation you work the other way by trying to constrain test segments
to create valid tests but due to the randomness involved, the tests
generated may exercise the design in valid ways that a deterministic
test writer would not have thought of.
The method does work in practice. I'd just like to know if my favourite
language might be changing to have this capability.

- Pad.



From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 03:29:10 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 00:29:10 -0700
Subject: compressed file ended before the logical end-of-stream was detected
Message-ID: <1152084550.707264.48560@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

The program downloads the files from the internet and compresses them
to a single zip archive using compress_the_file().

Upon running syncer() which calls the decompress_the_file(), the first
iteration succeeds. But upon second iteration, I get an IOError
exception with the message:
"compressed file ended before the logical end-of-stream was detected"

Any ideas why this happens ? I don't think it has anything to do with
bad packets from the internet.


Here's the code.

There are two functions:

1) compress_the_file() - This function takes files as an argument to it
and put all of them into a zip archive

def compress_the_file(zip_file_name, files_to_compress, sSourceDir):
    '''Condenses all the files into one single file for easy
transfer'''

    try:
        import zipfile
    except ImportError:
        sys.stderr.write("Aieeee! module not found.\n")

    try:
        os.chdir(sSourceDir)
    except:
        #TODO: Handle this exception
        pass

    try:
        filename = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, "a")
    except IOError:
        #INFO By design zipfile throws an IOError exception when you
open
        # in "append" mode and the file is not present.
        filename = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, "w")
    except:
        #TODO Handle the exception
        sys.stderr.write("\nAieee! Some error exception in creating zip
file %s\n" % (zip_file_name))
        sys.exit(1)

    filename.write(files_to_compress, files_to_compress,
zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
    filename.close()

My actual program iterates over a loop and sends files to this funtion
as it downloads from the internet.

2) decompress_the_file() - This function takes archive file as an
argument and decompresses them.

The above function decompress_the_file() is called by function syncer()

syncer(): This function tells decompress_the_file() what type file it
is and at which path to decompress.

def syncer(install_file_path, target_path, type=None):
    '''Syncer does the work of syncing the downloaded files.
    It syncs "install_file_path" which could be a valid file path
    or a zip archive to "target_path'''

    if type == 1:
        try:
            import zipfile
        except ImportError:
            sys.stderr.write("Aieeee! Module zipfile not found.\n")
            sys.exit(1)

        file = zipfile.ZipFile(install_file_path, "r")
        for filename in file.namelist():
            try:
                import file_magic
            except ImportError:
                sys.stderr.write("Aieeee! Module file_magic not
found.\n")
                sys.exit(1)
            data = open(filename, "wb")
            data.write(file.read(filename))
            data.close()
            #data = file.read(filename)
            if file_magic.file(filename) == "application/x-bzip2":
                decompress_the_file(os.path.abspath(filename),
target_path, filename, 1)
            elif file_magic.file(filename) == "PGP armored data":
                try:
                    shutil.copy(filename, target_path)
                    sys.stdout.write("%s file synced.\n" % (filename))
                except shutil.Error:
                    sys.stderr.write("%s is already present.\n" %
(filename))



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 05:22:38 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 02:22:38 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> On 18/07/2006 12:41 PM, Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> > it seems that range() can be really slow:

[...]

> Some things to try:
> 1a. Read what the manual has to say about the range() function ... what
> does it produce?

Indeed. Still, the addition of a __contains__ method to range (and
xrange) would permit acceptable performance for the code given. Perhaps
this is a convenience worth considering for future Python releases.

Paul



From fcorreia at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:43:06 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:43:06 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
References: <1151506510.391856.207460@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7569.1151507724.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151514404.954008.282280@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
Message-ID: <1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Martin v. L?wis wrote:
> Filipe wrote:
> > ---- output -------------------------------------------
> > u'Fran\xd8a'
> > Fran?a
> > --------------------------------------------------------
> >
> > What do you think? Might it be Pymssql doing something wrong?
>
> I think the data in your database is already wrong. Are you
> sure the value in question is really "Fran?a" in the database?
>

yes, I'm pretty sure. There's an application that was built to run on
top of this database and it correctly reads as writes data to the DB. I
also used SqlServer's Query Analyzer to select the data and it
displayed fine.

I've done some more tests and I think I'm very close to finding what
the problem is. The tests I had done before were executed from the
windows command line. I tried printing the following (row[1] is a value
I selected from the database) in two distinct environments, from within
an IDE (Pyscripter)  and from the command line:

import sys
import locale
print getattr(sys.stdout,'encoding',None)
print locale.getdefaultlocale()[1]
print sys.getdefaultencoding()
term = "Fran\x87a"
print repr(term)
term = row[1]
print repr(term)

output I got in Pyscripter's interpreter window:
None
cp1252
ascii
'Fran\x87a'
'Fran\x87a'

output I got in the command line:
cp1252
cp1252
ascii
'Fran\x87a'
'Fran\xd8a'

I'd expect "print" to behave differently according with the console's
encoding, but does this mean this happens with repr() too?
in which way?

thanks,
Filipe



From rgelfand2 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul  4 17:56:17 2006
From: rgelfand2 at hotmail.com (Roman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 14:56:17 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <qeala21ufgvaphik39ame0j39ftvjjbdda@4ax.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<qeala21ufgvaphik39ame0j39ftvjjbdda@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152050177.349810.222110@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

below is the data I am trying to read

"000004"	"AS0042123BO"	"AS 0042.123 ROYAL ELONG SEAT
BO"	"001610"	"A/S Fixtures"	0	$99.00	3.70	""	"0042123"	11/20/2003
"000024"	"AS0042001BK"	"AS 0042.001 ROYAL EL*DISC BY
MFG*BK"	"001610"	"A/S
Fixtures"	0	$99.00	8.00	"723085611663"	"0042001"	11/20/2003
"000104"	"CH130TTWH"	"CH 130TT   EL PLAS SEAT C/F W/C
WH"	"207067"	"Church Seats"	12	$25.00	6.75	"073088079961"	"130TT
000"	12/28/1995
"000112"	"CH130TTBO"	"CH 130TT   EL PLAS SEAT C/F W/C
BO"	"207067"	"Church Seats"	23	$29.00	7.50	"073088079954"	"130TT
006"	02/23/1998
"000124"	"CH130TTSS"	"CH 130TT   EL PLAS SEAT C/F W/C
SS"	"207067"	"Church Seats"	14	$29.00	6.75	"073088079985"	"130TT 162"
"000176"	"XPT562"	"PP T562"	"201681"	"Price
Pfister"	0	$233.50	0.00	""	""	01/22/1998
"000180"	"XPT564"	"PP T564"	"201681"	"Price
Pfister"	0	$0.00	0.00	""	""	07/19/1996
"000224"	"MO5270"	"MO 5270*DBM*MON BIDET FCT L/HDL
CP"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	8.00	"026508050286"	"005270"
"000236"	"MO5270P"	"MO 5270P*DBM*BIDET FCT LVR/HDL
PB"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	8.00	"026508050309"	"05270P"
"000240"	"MO5275"	"MO 5275 *DBM* BIDET FCT L/HDLS
CP"	"204938"	"Moen"	1	$0.00	8.00	""	""	11/20/2003
"000244"	"MO5275P"	"MO 5275P*DBM* MON BIDET FCT
PB"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	8.00	"026508050347"	"05275P"	01/04/1996
"000248"	"MO5201"	"MO 5201 *DBM* TRAD BIDET LVR FCT
CP"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	6.70	"026508050354"	"5201"	01/04/1996
"000260"	"MO5201P"	"MO 5201P TRAD BIDET FCT
LVR/H*DBM*B"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	7.00	"026508050378"	"5201P"	01/04/1996
"000264"	"MO5201W"	"MO 5201W**DBM**IDET FCT LVR/HDL
WH"	"204938"	"Moen"	0	$0.00	6.70	"026508050385"	"05201W"	01/04/1996
"066916"	"FB1418AB"	"FB D2418AB  18 TOWEL BAR
AB"	"220502"	"Liberty
Hardware"	0	$18.70	1.15	"079171141898"	"D2418AB"	04/14/1998
"066920"	"FBD2424AB"	"FB D2424AB  24 TOWEL BAR
AB"	"220502"	"Liberty
Hardware"	39	$20.50	1.32	"079171242427"	"D2424AB"
"066956"	"P7341FLC"	"PP 734-1FLC*DBM* SNK FCT 1H L/SP
CP"	"201681"	"Price
Pfister"	0	$147.65	7.00	"038877420218"	"7341FLC"	04/14/1998
"066960"	"P7341FLW"	"PP 734-1FLW FILT SNK FCT 1H L/SP
WH"	"201681"	"Price
Pfister"	0	$157.99	7.00	"038877420225"	"7341FLW"	04/14/1998

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 4 Jul 2006 07:01:55 -0700, "Roman" <rgelfand2 at hotmail.com> declaimed
> the following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> > the following snipet:
> >
> 	It would help if you gave a sample of the input data (three lines
> worth, say) AND an example of what the final output should be from those
> three lines.
>
> >     for col in line:
> >        p[:0].append(str(col))
>
> 	As has been pointed out, as soon as you used the [:0], you created a
> local/temporary EMPTY slice of the original P, and you are appending one
> column's value to this temporary, which is then thrown away.
> import csv
>
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		PROGRAM
> p = []
>
> fin = open("firearms.csv", "r")
> reader = csv.reader(fin, dialect="excel", quotechar='"', delimiter=",")
>
> for line in [reader.next() for i in range(7)]:
>     p.append(line)
>
> fin.close()
> print p
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		OUTPUT
> [['Category', 'Model', 'Caliber', 'Serial #', 'Description',
> 'Accessories'], ['Air', 'Daisy 717 Pistol', '.177 pellet', '', '', ''],
> ['Air', 'Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle', '.177 pellet', 'n/a',
> 'Micrometer Peep, "Globe" front (missing alternate inserts', 'Shooting
> sling'], ['Air', 'RWS Diana Model 54 "Air King" Rifle', '.22 pellet',
> '4022395', 'Hunting grade - >900fps', '2-7x BSA AOL scope'], ['Air',
> 'Gamo/NRA', '0.177', '', 'Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on
> barrel, stock', '4x (BSA?) AOL scope, NRA badge'], ['Air',
> 'Walther/Crossman CP99 Pistol', '.177 pellet', '', 'CO2, repeater
> (currently magazine jams trigger/safety)', ''], ['Percussion', '? New
> Orleans Ace boot-pistol', '.36 lead', '', '', '']]
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		INPUT (just first seven lines)
> Category,Model,Caliber,Serial #,Description,Accessories
> Air,Daisy 717 Pistol,.177 pellet,,,
> Air,Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle,.177 pellet,n/a,"Micrometer Peep,
> ""Globe"" front (missing alternate inserts",Shooting sling
> Air,"RWS Diana Model 54 ""Air King"" Rifle",.22 pellet,4022395,Hunting
> grade - >900fps,2-7x BSA AOL scope
> Air,Gamo/NRA,0.177,,"Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on barrel,
> stock","4x (BSA?) AOL scope, NRA badge"
> Air,Walther/Crossman CP99 Pistol,.177 pellet,,"CO2, repeater (currently
> magazine jams trigger/safety)",
> Percussion,? New Orleans Ace boot-pistol,.36 lead,,,
>
>
>
> 	But your explanations are unclear... Maybe you wanted the first
> sublist to be all the first column, etc.
>
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		PROGRAM
> import csv
>
> p = None
>
> fin = open("firearms.csv", "r")
> reader = csv.reader(fin, dialect="excel", quotechar='"', delimiter=",")
>
> for line in [reader.next() for i in range(7)]:
>     if not p:
>         p = [[] for j in range(len(line))]
>     for c in range(len(line)):
>         p[c].append(line[c])
>
> fin.close()
> print p
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-		OUTPUT (same input)
> [['Category', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Air', 'Percussion'],
> ['Model', 'Daisy 717 Pistol', 'Daisy/NRA PowerLine 953 Rifle', 'RWS
> Diana Model 54 "Air King" Rifle', 'Gamo/NRA', 'Walther/Crossman CP99
> Pistol', '? New Orleans Ace boot-pistol'], ['Caliber', '.177 pellet',
> '.177 pellet', '.22 pellet', '0.177', '.177 pellet', '.36 lead'],
> ['Serial #', '', 'n/a', '4022395', '', '', ''], ['Description', '',
> 'Micrometer Peep, "Globe" front (missing alternate inserts', 'Hunting
> grade - >900fps', 'Hunting grade - ~1000fps; NRA markings on barrel,
> stock', 'CO2, repeater (currently magazine jams trigger/safety)', ''],
> ['Accessories', '', 'Shooting sling', '2-7x BSA AOL scope', '4x (BSA?)
> AOL scope, NRA badge', '', '']]
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/



From rpdooling at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 12:45:35 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 09:45:35 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7731.1151943001.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <45e0ec7b0607030541r72730360u805041634101878e@mail.gmail.com>
	<20060703131021.29014.2075759424.divmod.quotient.20715@ohm>
	<mailman.7731.1151943001.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151945135.432275.285990@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I guess you looked here without finding what you want?

http://www.python.org/doc/topics/database/

What's the big deal with "out of the box"? People have different tastes
in dbs and ways to access them, why not just pick the one you want and
download it?

You didn't say if you are on Linux or Windows. The ODBC module comes
with PythonWin. Others have good luck with mxODBC, which works right
out of the box after you download and install it.

Searching the group will tell you all you need to know on this topic,
as it comes up twice a week.

rd



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 06:21:28 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:21:28 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44cdd9a9$0$5486$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-29, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
>> On 2006-07-29 13:47:37, Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>> I think the important thing to remember is that the assignment in Python
>>> is a alias maker and not a copy maker. In languages like C, Fortran,
>>> pascal, the assignment makes a copy from what is on the righthand and
>>> stores that in the variable on the lefthand. In languages like Lisp,
>>> Smalltalk and Python, the assignment essentially makes the lefthand
>>> an alias for the righthand.
>> Yes, I think I got it now :) 
>>
>> It seems that, in essence, Bruno is right in that Python doesn't really
>> have variables. Everything that seems variable doesn't really change; what
>> changes is that an element of what seems to change gets rebound.
> 
> Aren't you looking too much at implementation details now?
> 
> The difference between an alias assignment and a storage assigment
> is for instance totaly irrelevant for immutable objects/values like numbers.

# Python
a = 42
b = a
del a

# C
int *a, *b;
a = malloc(sizeof *a);
*a = 42;
b = a;
free(a);


I wouldn't say it's "totally" irrelevant.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Jean_Francois.Moulin at ph.tum.de  Sun Jul 23 11:02:31 2006
From: Jean_Francois.Moulin at ph.tum.de (Jean_Francois Moulin)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 17:02:31 +0200
Subject: building lists of dictionaries
Message-ID: <isapiwc.9c0a0506.768d.44c38f87.65691.3e@mailin.ph.tum.de>

Hi all,

I tried this piece of code (FWIW, it was taken as is from a help section of mpfit, a mathematical routine for least square fitting):

parinfo = [{'value':0., 'fixed':0, 'limited':[0,0], 'limits':[0.,0.]}]*6
parinfo[0]['fixed'] = 1
parinfo[4]['limited'][0] = 1
parinfo[4]['limits'][0]  = 50.

The first line builds a list of six dictionaries with initialised keys.
I expected that the last three lines would only affect the corresponding keys of the corresponding dictionnary and that I would end up with a fully initialised list where only the 'fixed' key of the first dict would be 1, and the first values of limited and limits for dict number 4 would be 1 and 50. respectively....

This is not so!
I end up with all dictionaries being identical and having their 'fixed' key set to 1, and limited[0]==1 and limits[0]==50.

I do not understand this behaviour...

Thanks for helping a newbie.

JF


From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 16:14:16 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:14:16 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7822.1152129563.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7821.1152127154.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152127653.676307.192170@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7822.1152129563.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152130456.263298.195610@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

OK, I posted my previous message before I saw your reply on how to
handle the server side.  On the client side, should I use
httplib.HTTPConnection.request() to upload the data or can I do this
through xmlrpc.ServerProxy objects?

Jeremy



From conor.robinson at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 14:36:55 2006
From: conor.robinson at gmail.com (py_genetic)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:36:55 -0700
Subject: pytables - best practices / mem leaks
Message-ID: <1153161415.539324.34560@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I have an H5 file with one group (off the root) and two large main
tables and I'm attempting to aggragate my data into 50+ new groups (off
the root) with two tables per sub group.

sys info:
PyTables version:  1.3.2
HDF5 version:      1.6.5
numarray version:  1.5.0
Zlib version:      1.2.3
BZIP2 version:     1.0.3 (15-Feb-2005)
Python version:    2.4.2 (#1, Jul 13 2006, 20:16:08)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5250)]
Platform:          darwin-Power Macintosh (v10.4.7)
Byte-ordering:     big

Ran all pytables tests included with package and recieved an OK.


Using the following code I get one of three errors:

1. Illegal Instruction

2. Malloc(): trying to call free() twice

3. Bus Error

I believe all three stem from the same issue, involving a malloc()
memory problem in the pytable c libraries.  I also believe this may be
due to how I'm attempting to write my sorting script.

The script executes fine and all goes well until I'm sorting about
group 20 to 30 and I throw one of the three above errors depending on
how/when I'm flush() close() the file.  When I open the file after the
error using h5ls all tables are in perfact order up to the crash and if
I continue from the point every thing runs fine until python throws the
same error again after another 10 sorts or so.  The somewhat random
crashing is what leads me to believe I have a memory leak or my method
of doing this is incorrect.

Is there a better way to aggragate data using pytables/python? Is there
a better way to be doing this?  This seems strait forward enough.

Thanks,
Conor

#function to agg state data from main neg/pos tables into neg/pos state
tables

import string
import tables


def aggstate(state, h5file):

	print state

	class PosRecords(tables.IsDescription):
		sic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
		numsic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
		empsiz = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		salvol = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		popcod = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		state = tables.StringCol(2, '?', 1, None, 0)
		zip = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 1)

	class NegRecords(tables.IsDescription):
		sic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
		numsic = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 0)
		empsiz = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		salvol = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		popcod = tables.StringCol(1, '?', 1, None, 0)
		state = tables.StringCol(2, '?', 1, None, 0)
		zip = tables.IntCol(0, 1, 4, 0, None, 1)



	group1 = h5file.createGroup("/", state+"_raw_records", state+" raw
records")

	table1 = h5file.createTable(group1, "pos_records", PosRecords, state+"
raw pos record table")
	table2 = h5file.createTable(group1, "neg_records", NegRecords, state+"
raw neg record table")

	table = h5file.root.raw_records.pos_records
	point = table1.row
	for x in table.iterrows():
		if x['state'] == state:
				point['sic'] = x['sic']
				point['numsic'] = x['numsic']
				point['empsiz'] = x['empsiz']
				point['salvol'] = x['salvol']
				point['popcod'] = x['popcod']
				point['state'] = x['state']
				point['zip'] = x['zip']

				point.append()

	h5file.flush()

	table = h5file.root.raw_records.neg_records
	point = table2.row
	for x in table.iterrows():
		if x['state'] == state:
				point['sic'] = x['sic']
				point['numsic'] = x['numsic']
				point['empsiz'] = x['empsiz']
				point['salvol'] = x['salvol']
				point['popcod'] = x['popcod']
				point['state'] = x['state']
				point['zip'] = x['zip']

				point.append()


	h5file.flush()



states =
['AL','AK','AZ','AR','CA','CO','CT','DC','DE','FL','GA','HI','ID','IL','IN','IA','KS','KY','LA','ME','MD','MA','MI','MN','MS','MO','MT','NE','NV','NH','NJ','NM','NY','NC','ND','OH','OK','OR','PA','RI','SC','SD','TN','TX','UT','VT','VA','WA','WV','WI','WY']

h5file = tables.openFile("200309_data.h5", mode = 'a')

for i in xrange(len(states)):
	aggstate(states[i], h5file)

h5file.close()



From jonasmg at softhome.net  Mon Jul 24 06:21:14 2006
From: jonasmg at softhome.net (GinTon)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 03:21:14 -0700
Subject: BeautifulSoup to get string inner 'p' and 'a' tags
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.24.10.16.57.662317@gmx.net>
References: <1153734198.020895.269760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.24.10.16.57.662317@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153736474.599716.17700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In [53]: print tree.first('p').contents[0]
> FOO
> 
Thanks! I was going to crazy with this.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 00:40:19 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:40:19 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153888265.074837.241670@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153888819.664342.27060@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> Finally, you can say:
>
> for i in xrange(1,10):
>     s = "XXX1%04i" % i
>     if s not in list1 and s not in list2:
>         print s
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon

D'oh!  Forgot to break.

for i in xrange(1,10):
    s = "XXX1%04i" % i
    if s not in list1 and s not in list2:
        print s
        break

Peace,
~Simon



From hipertracker at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:48:42 2006
From: hipertracker at gmail.com (Jaroslaw Zabiello)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:48:42 +0100
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:25:48 +0200, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> I have difficulty imagining how a language could be more dynamic than
> Python...

E.g. try to extends or redefine builtin Python classes on fly. Ruby is so
flexible that it can be used to create Domain-specific Programming
Languages.

-- 
Jaros?aw Zabie??o
http://blog.zabiello.com


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 08:44:11 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 05:44:11 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <1153917851.675608.105180@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I would suggest trying to pick up Ruby. Knowing both Python and Ruby
has helped me in that I can choose whichever tool is the best fit.
There are certain cases where I have to abandon Ruby for a certain
project because the library isn't mature enough or cross platform
enough for my requirements. So coding in Python is my option. Then
again there are other things where I am able to choose Ruby as the best
fit because of other concerns. The languages are different, but not
_that_ different. If you can get past the initial Perlishness (is that
a word?) of Ruby you will find that going from one language to the
other isn't that huge of a jump.

Damjan wrote:
> >> "Nah, we're not interested in Python."
>
> This is a hard attitude, but I have the same feeling about Ruby, I like
> Python and just don't see a reason to invest any time in Ruby (Rails or
> not).. and from that little I've seen from it.. I didn't like it.
> OTOH Ruby surelly is not that bad either.
> 
> -- 
> damjan



From pupeno at pupeno.com  Wed Jul 19 09:06:52 2006
From: pupeno at pupeno.com (Pupeno)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:06:52 +0000
Subject: Using super()
References: <44be229e$0$10524$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8335.1153312839.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44be2e67$0$26265$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Laszlo Nagy wrote:

> Pupeno ?rta:
>> Hello,
>> I have a class called MyConfig, it is based on Python's
>> ConfigParser.ConfigParser.
>> It implements add_section(self, section), which is also implemented on
>> ConfigParser.ConfigParser, which I want to call.
>> So, reducing the problem to the bare minimum, the class (with a useless
>> add_section that shows the problem):
>>   
> The problem is that ConfigParser.ConfigParser is an old style class. It
> is in the standard library, so I have no clue why. For old style
> classes, you should directly call the ancestor class method.
> For new style classes it works just fine:
> 
> 
> class ConfigParser(object):
>     def add_section(self, section):
>         print section, "in ",self.__class__.__name__
> 
> class MyConfig(ConfigParser):
>     def add_section(self, section):
>         super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)
> 
> m = MyConfig()
> m.add_section("blah")

I see, thank you.

class MyConfig(ConfigParser, object):
    def add_section(self, section)
         super(MyConfig, self).add_section(section)

seems to work and as expected. Is there anything wrong with it ?
-- 
Pupeno <pupeno at pupeno.com> (http://pupeno.com)


From hongyuan1306 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 10:37:15 2006
From: hongyuan1306 at gmail.com (Yuan HOng)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:37:15 +0800
Subject: rounding of a decimal object
Message-ID: <91320d220607180737s3e15a2e7qcae2e0bf4c35bfb8@mail.gmail.com>

How can I round a decimal object to desired decimal position? It seems
you have to use some unintuitive expression like:

Decimal('7.325').quantize(Decimal('.01'))

why not simply use Decimal('7.325').round(2) or just round(Decimal('7.325'), 2)?

-- 
Hong Yuan

?????????
???????????
http://www.homemaster.cn

From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 03:14:09 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:14:09 +0100
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>
	<44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>
	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9km49$aoo$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Boris Borcic a ?crit :
> 
>>Hello Bruno,
>>
>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
[...]
>>>Or how to *not* address the real problem...
>>>
>>>Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
>>>to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
>>>
>>
>>Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.
> 
> 
> It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ), and easy 
> to solve. The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to the FAQ 

So, why didn't you?

> (or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose a 
> workaround.
> 
Or did I miss something?

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 11:30:54 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:30:54 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153198570.592653.203310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.18.07.27.25.208881@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <12bpvlee2ajsi00@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch <bj_666 at gmx.net> wrote:
> In <1153198570.592653.203310 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, tac-tics
> wrote:
>
>> Grant Edwards wrote:
>>> for pete's sake use the comparison operator like god intended.
>>>
>>>     if 0 <= i <= 10000:
>> 
>> I'm assuming you used Python's compound comparison as opposed to the
>> C-style of and'ing two comparisons together to emphasize the fact it is
>> god's chosen way of doing this ;-)
>
> Pete doesn't like to be called god in public.  ;-)

Interesting point.  Does the phrase "for pete's sake as god
intended" equate pete with god?  

It's possible that pete is not god and yet god's intentions are
in pete's best interest, so something could be "for pete's
sake" and "as god intended" without pete being god.

That said, "for pete's sake" is probably a just an cleaned up
version of "for god's sake", so I probably did call pete god.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  This PORCUPINE knows
                                  at               his ZIPCODE... And he has
                               visi.com            "VISA"!!


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:41:15 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:41:15 +0200
Subject: RedHat: Easiest way to upgrade from Python 2.3 to 2.4
In-Reply-To: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e960jo$jd3$1@sea.gmane.org>

gmax2006 wrote:

> My RedHat Linux installation already has Python 2.3 on it.
> What is the easiest way to upgrade it to 2.4?

grab the source tarball from python.org, built it according to 
instructions (./configure; make), and install using:

     # make altinstall

DO NOT do a full install; you'll most likely break RedHat stuff if you 
do that.

to access the resulting binary, use "python2.4" instead of "python".

</F>



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 00:10:05 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 23:10:05 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154301911.467149.179590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<Vxbzg.1580$W93.1160@dukeread05>
	<1154307530.667971.185280@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Rqfzg.1776$W93.1682@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:

> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> John Machin wrote:
>>
>> >
>> > Philippe Martin wrote:
>> >> Philippe Martin wrote:
>> >>
>> >> > Hi,
>> >> >
>> >> > I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
>> >> >
>> >> > I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> >> > embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> >> > python library.
>> >> >
>> >> > l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
>> >> > l2 = func (l1)
>> >> > # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
>> >> >
>> >> >
>> >> > Regards,
>> >> >
>> >> > Philippe
>> >>
>> >> Thanks to all,
>> >>
>> >> I decided to attack the problem another way and change the code in
>> >> device
>> >> #2 so it can now take the output from device #1.
>> >>
>> >> As device #2 only needs to compare, add, and subtract the stuff .. it
>> >> makes my life much simpler.
>> >>
>> >
>> > I'm confused.
>> > 1. Was the original device #1 or #2?
>> > 2. How many bits does the non-original device's C compiler support?
>> > 3. If the original device is device #1, please explain where *it*
>> > obtained an 8-digit decimal number expressed as 1 digit per byte (or
>> > int) ...
>>
>>
>> Well I don't want to bore you guys more than needed ;-) but:
>>
>> Device #1 has an 8 bit processor - uses a C cross-compiler that does not
>> know anything above a 16 bit integer. I use this device to get
>> information from users "1234...".
>>
>> Device #2 has an 8 bit processor - uses a subset of Java ... that does
>> not know anything above a 16 bit integer.
>>
>>
>> The information gathered in device number #1 must then be sent to device
>> #2 (after being encrypted .... ) to be compared, subtracted or added.
>>
>> The code I already have in device #2 makes the assumption that the
>> information received is an array of bytes of length N which represents an
>> actual value. ex: 0x67DF5 ==> [0x6, 0x7, 0xD, 0xF, 0x5] ... so it can
>> compare/add/subtract values ... and do its job.
>>
>> As a python fan, I figured (back to my initial not very clear request),
>> that I could prototype the above without making any major assumption as
>> to the capabilities of the interpreter.
>>
>>
>> I still believe that to be true.
>>
> 
> Try this:
> C:\junk>type bcd.py
> def reconstitute_int(alist):
>     reghi, reglo = 0, 0
>     for digit in alist:
>         assert 0 <= digit <= 9
>         reghi, reglo = mul32by10(reghi, reglo)
>         reghi, reglo = add32(reghi, reglo, 0, digit)
>     return reghi, reglo
> 
> def uadd16(a, b):
>     return (a + b) & 0xFFFF
> 
> def shr32by4(hi, lo):
>     newhi = (hi >> 4) & 0xFFFF
>     newlo = ((lo >> 4) | ((hi & 0xF) << 12)) & 0xFFFF
> 
>     return newhi, newlo
> 
> def add32(hia, loa, hib, lob):
>     lox = uadd16(loa, lob)
>     hix = uadd16(hia, hib)
>     inx = ((lox & 0x8000) >> 13) + ((lob & 0x8000) >> 14) + ((loa &
> 0x8000) >> 1
> 5)
>     carry = [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1][inx]
>     # The above is admittedly ugly but sheesh I haven't even had my
>     # second cup of coffee yet today :-)
>     # Anybody who's good at solving equations in Boolean algebra,
>     # pls beautify this!!
>     if carry:
>         hix = uadd16(hix, 1)
>     expected = (hia+hib)*65536 + loa + lob
>     actual = hix*65536 + lox
>     if actual != expected:
>         print (hia, loa), (hib, lob), (hix, lox), actual, expected,
> inx, carry
>     return hix, lox
> 
> def mul32by10(hi, lo):
>     tmphi, tmplo = add32(hi, lo, hi, lo) # 2 times
>     tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, tmphi, tmplo) # 4 times
>     tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, hi, lo) # 5 times
>     tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, tmphi, tmplo) # 10 times
>     return tmphi, tmplo
> 
> def make_hex32(aninthi, anintlo):
>     result = []
>     while aninthi or anintlo:
>         result.append(anintlo & 0xF)
>         aninthi, anintlo = shr32by4(aninthi, anintlo)
>     return result
> 
> def reverse_list(alist):
>     n = len(alist)
>     for i in xrange(n >> 1):
>         reg1 = alist[n - 1 - i]
>         reg2 = alist[i]
>         alist[i] = reg1
>         alist[n - 1 - i] = reg2
> 
> 
> C:\junk>python
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>> import bcd
>>>> num = bcd.reconstitute_int([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>>> num
> (188, 24910)
>>>> num[0]*65536 + num[1]
> 12345678
>>>> result = bcd.make_hex32(*num)
>>>> result
> [14, 4, 1, 6, 12, 11]
>>>> bcd.reverse_list(result)
>>>> result
> [11, 12, 6, 1, 4, 14]
>>>> ['0x%x' % digit for digit in result]
> ['0xb', '0xc', '0x6', '0x1', '0x4', '0xe']
>>>> ^Z


Thanks John,

I will give it a good look.

Regards,

Philippe



From cliff at develix.com  Mon Jul 31 16:43:55 2006
From: cliff at develix.com (Cliff Wells)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 13:43:55 -0700
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <1154378222.20290.41.camel@devilbox>
References: <001101c6b4d6$82db9ef0$0d7d12ac@kearfott.com>
	<1154376137.20290.32.camel@devilbox>
	<1154378222.20290.41.camel@devilbox>
Message-ID: <1154378635.20290.45.camel@devilbox>

On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 13:37 -0700, Cliff Wells wrote:
> On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 13:02 -0700, Cliff Wells wrote:
> 
> 
> > @attrs ( bits = [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ] )
> 
> Also, IMO, it's a bit more readable to write:
> 
> bits = [ 0 for i in range ( 16 ) ]

Or even:

bits = [ 0 ] * 16

Just be careful to only use that style when the contents of the array
are non-mutable.  The list comp does the right thing in that case (at
risk of going on a tangent):

Right:
>>> bits = [ { } for i in range ( 16 ) ]
>>> bits
[{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}]
>>> bits [ 0 ][ 'a' ] = 1
>>> bits
[{'a': 1}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}]

Wrong:
>>> bits = [ {} ] * 16
>>> bits [ 0 ][ 'a' ] = 1
>>> bits
[{'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1},
{'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1}, {'a': 1},
{'a': 1}, {'a': 1}]
>>>


Regards,
Cliff



From sjobless at rotten.apple.commie  Wed Jul 26 00:54:03 2006
From: sjobless at rotten.apple.commie (Steve Jobless)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 04:54:03 GMT
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I just started learning Python. I went through most of the tutorial at
> python.org. But I noticed something weird. I'm not talking about the
> __private hack.
> 
> Let's say the class is defined as:
> 
>   class MyClass:
>     def __init__(self):
>       pass
>     def func(self):
>       return 123
> 
> But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
> 
>   x = MyClass()
>   x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
> 
> or even:
> 
>   x.func = 789
> 
> After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.
> 
> Are these bugs or features? If they are features, don't they create
> problems as the project gets larger?
> 
> TIA,
> 
> SJ

Thanks, everyone. I'm hearing that "they are features, but don't use them."

It's not that I'm going to do things like them intentionally.

The first case can be just a typo, like:

  x.valeu = 5

I make typos all the time. Without a spell checker, this message would
be unreadable :).

The second case can be like:

  x.next = y
  y.next = None

to create a linked list by piggybacking "next" to the class. It will
overwrite the iterater for the class if defined.
    If I was working on a large project with many engineers, I'd assume
someone will do things like this sooner or later. I've seen many
horrendous code in my life and I have no control over who I work with.

SJ


From jeff.pitman at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 12:15:01 2006
From: jeff.pitman at gmail.com (jeff.pitman at gmail.com)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:15:01 -0700
Subject: Running multiple versions of Python on the same host..
References: <1152431028.896016.236310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152548101.582539.243160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Cowmix wrote:
> For my day job I am forced to run RHEL3 (and Centos3 on my desktop). I
> want to be able to use a few applications that require Python 2.4.X but
> RHEL3 ships with Python 2.2.3. I have tried to install and upgrade
> Python 2.4.X many ways like using PyVault and doing a source based
> install but each way has been fraught with problems from weird
> dependency issues to screwing up 'yum'.

Did you use the bootstrap RPM?

http://www.python.org/pyvault/centos-3-i386/pyvault-release-bootstrap-3-3.el3.pyv.noarch.rpm

If you want to try again, you can ping the pyvault-users mailing list
for specific answers to error messages you are seeing during
installation.

> What is the best way to run multiple version of Python on the same
> system?
> 
> thanks!



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 21:43:35 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 18:43:35 -0700
Subject: testing array of logicals
In-Reply-To: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152728083.461486.56500@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152841415.165550.14590@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Henry wrote:
> Hi list,
>
> Is there a more elagant way of doing this?
>
> # logflags is an array of logicals
> test=True
> for x in logflags:
>    test = test and x
> print test
>
> --
> Thanks,

So many ways....  *drool*
How about:

False not in logflags


(Anybody gonna run all these through timeit?  ;P )



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 13 16:31:27 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 13:31:27 -0700
Subject: help in xml and python
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8110.1152789118.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152822687.778380.85100@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
>
> not very long ago, "Kepioo" wrote:

[...]

> which looks rather similar to your post, don't you think?

Are you calling "homework assignment", Fredrik? ;-)

Paul



From m.yanowitz at kearfott.com  Mon Jul 10 08:57:07 2006
From: m.yanowitz at kearfott.com (Michael Yanowitz)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 08:57:07 -0400
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
In-Reply-To: <ldo-D130BB.19103610072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <HGEOKIAPAMCIFPPBDALKOEOICAAA.m.yanowitz@kearfott.com>

  The one thing I observed (just an observation) is that:
a) on 32-bit machines:
    sizeof(int)  = 32
    sizeof(long) = 32
b) on 64-bit machines:
    sizeof(int)  = 32
    sizeof(long) = 64

    This in C and Python.

Thanks in advance:
Michael Yanowitz

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+m.yanowitz=kearfott.com at python.org]On Behalf
Of Lawrence D'Oliveiro
Sent: Monday, July 10, 2006 3:11 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux


In article <44aea052$1 at usenet01.boi.hp.com>,
 dwelch91 <donald.welch at hp.com> wrote:

>I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.

The standard C way would be to check sizeof(void *).
-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Thu Jul  6 10:48:47 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:48:47 GMT
Subject: setting variables from a tuple NEWB
References: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <jp9rg.17164$Uc3.15592@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"manstey" <manstey at csu.edu.au> wrote in message
news:1152184794.016220.234220 at q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com...
> Hi,
>
> If I have a tuple like this:
>
> tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))
>
> is it possible to write code using tupGlob that is equivalent to:
> VOWELS = 'aeiou'
> CONS = ''bcdfgh'
>
> Thanks,
> Matthew
>

Try this.
-- Paul

>>> tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))
>>> for nam,val in tupGlob: locals()[nam]=val
...
>>> VOWELS
'aeiou'
>>> CONS
'bcdfgh'
>>>




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul  5 14:30:36 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 20:30:36 +0200
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8h0gc$j6o$1@sea.gmane.org>

jbrewer wrote:

> I'm currently implementing an XML-RPC service in Python where binary
> data is sent to the server via URLs.  However, some clients that need
> to access the server may not have access to a web server, and I need to
> find a solution.  I came up with the idea of embedding a simple HTTP
> server in the XML-RPC clients so that files can be sent in the
> following way:
> 
> 1.  Start an HTTP server on the client using e.g SImpleHTTPServer on a
> user allowed port
> 2.  Call XML-RPC server with the URL to the file on the client to
> upload
> 3.  Get XML-RPC server response, then shut down HTTP server on client
> 
> Does this sound reasonable?

why not just use an ordinary HTTP POST request ?

</F>



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 27 11:35:50 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 08:35:50 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++ ?
Message-ID: <1154014550.127142.226610@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I have the need to write the equivalent of Python class methods in C++.
Chuck Allison proposes the following
(http://www.artima.com/cppsource/simple.html):
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// A base class that provides counting
template<class T> class Counted {
  static int count;
public:
  Counted() { ++count; }
  Counted(const Counted<T>&) { ++count; }
  ~Counted() { --count; }
  static int getCount() { return count; }
};

template<class T> int Counted<T>::count = 0;

// Curious class definitions
class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};

It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,
not of the derived class.
class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};

int main() {
  CountedClass a;
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 1
  CountedClass b;
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 2
  CountedClass3 c;
  cout << CountedClass3::getCount() << endl;   // 3 and should be 1
  cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 3 and should be 2
}

I am no C++ expert but i guess there might be some in the Python and
C++ newsgroups.

Alain



From msapiro at value.net  Wed Jul  5 00:30:29 2006
From: msapiro at value.net (Mark Sapiro)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 21:30:29 -0700
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc8222
In-Reply-To: <34837.72.177.126.107.1152048804.squirrel@mail.his.com>
Message-ID: <PC1740200607042130290290cec234bf@msapiro>

Brad Knowles wrote:

>Ethan said:
>
>> I plan on using [2] to generate mbox thread indexes for rapid navigation
>> of lists. Any suggestions for more robust variants would be welcome;
>> feedback on how to handle threading for message-id-less messages would
>> also be welcome.
>
>All messages should have message-ids -- this is one of the most basic
>requirements of the Internet e-mail related RFCs.  If nothing else, the
>local MTA on the Mailman server should have provided a message-id.

I interpreted Ethan's concern to be messages that lack References: and
In-Reply-To: rather than a Message-ID: per se. Also, generating a
Message-ID: at archiving time does no good (at least in the absence of
an archive interface to allow replying to an archive post) because
it's too late to get that id into References: and/or In-Reply-To: of
email replies.

Also there is a related issue if A posts, B replies, A replies off list
to B, and B replies on list. If threading relies solely on References:
or In-Reply-To:, and either A's or B's MUA generates only In-Reply-To,
this thread is broken at the 'missing' post. I don't have any really
good suggestions for alternative threading algorithms however. I think
there was something on this not too long ago on mailman-users or maybe
mailman-developers - I looked and found what I think I remember. The
relevant post is at
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/mailman-developers/2005-January/017660.html>
and points to a description of an algorithm at
<http://www.jwz.org/doc/threading.html>.

-- 
Mark Sapiro <msapiro at value.net>       The highway is for gamblers,
San Francisco Bay Area, California    better use your sense - B. Dylan



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 08:12:27 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:12:27 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b0f165$0$22047$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Luis M. Gonz?lez a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>def doIt(name=None):
>>  global gname
>>  if name is None:
>>    name = gname
>>  else:
>>    gname = name
>>
> 
> 
> Sorry for this very basic question, but I don't understand why I should
> add the global into the function body before using it.

You have to do it if you intend to rebind the name in the function's 
body (else this would create the name in the local namespace).

> This function works even if I don't add the global.
> Just to try this out, I wrote this variant:
> 
> gname = 'Luis'
> 
> def doIt2(name=None):
> 	if name is None:
> 		name = gname
> 	return name


Please read more carefully the OP's code:
"""
gname = 'Sue'
def doIt(name = gname):
     global gname
     gname = name
     print 'doIt name', name, 'gname', gname
"""

As you can see, it rebinds gname.

> print doIt2()  --> returns Luis.
> 
> So, what's the point of writing the function this way instead?
> 
> def doIt2(name=None):
>         global gname
> 	if name is None:
> 		name = gname
> 	return name

In this case, you don't need the global statement (but keeping it makes 
clear you're using a global name, which is not a bad thing in itself...)

Now if it's about LOCs count, here's a shorter equivalent:
doIt3 = lambda name : (name, gname)[name is None]


From nogradi at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 07:41:31 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 13:41:31 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607160441r491424d5u6e6b96cf7cd0d7c9@mail.gmail.com>

What is the simplest way to instantiate all classes that are
subclasses of a given class in a module?

More precisely I have a module m with some content:

# m.py
class A:
    pass
class x( A ):
    pass
class y( A ):
    pass
# all kinds of other objects follow
# end of m.py

and then in another module I have currently:

# n.py
import m
x = m.x( )
y = m.y( )
# end of n.py

and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
are subclasses of A.

Any ideas?


From yichao.zhang at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 22:32:24 2006
From: yichao.zhang at gmail.com (yichao.zhang)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 19:32:24 -0700
Subject: how to match u'\uff00' - u'\uff0f' in re module?
Message-ID: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to match the characters from u'\uff00' to u'\uff0f'.
the code below and get a TypeError.
p = re.compile(u'\uff00'-u'\uff0f')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'unicode' and 'unicode'


so re module does NOT support this operation
however, is there any alternative way to solve my problem?

Any comments/suggestions much appreciated!



From theller at python.net  Thu Jul 13 11:05:25 2006
From: theller at python.net (Thomas Heller)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:05:25 +0200
Subject: How to convert arbitrary objects directly to base64 without
	initial string conversion?
In-Reply-To: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152801660.197252.144070@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95nfn$dor$1@sea.gmane.org>

Russell Warren schrieb:
> I've got a case where I want to convert binary blocks of data (various
> ctypes objects) to base64 strings.
> 
> The conversion calls in the base64 module expect strings as input, so
> right now I'm converting the binary blocks to strings first, then
> converting the resulting string to base64.  This seems highly
> inefficient and I'd like to just go straight from binary to a base64
> string.
[...]
> Is there a canned/pre-existing way to convert a block of memory to a
> base64 string more efficiently?  I'd like to avoid writing my own
> base64 conversion routine if possible.  Anyone have any good ideas?
> Even a mroe efficient/less clunky way of conevrting an arbitrary object
> to a string would be appreciated.

Many functions that operate on strings also accept buffer objects as parameters,
this seems also be the case for the base64.encodestring function.  ctypes objects
support the buffer interface.

So, base64.b64encode(buffer(ctypes_instance)) should work efficiently.

Thomas



From iddw at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 12 22:00:37 2006
From: iddw at hotmail.com (Dave Hansen)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 21:00:37 -0500
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
References: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <fq9bb2h85gofrndp517r5gqjljseu8ken9@4ax.com>

On 12 Jul 2006 18:09:42 -0700 in comp.lang.python, "Wesley Henwood"
<wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com> wrote:

>To capture output from python scripts run from a C++ app I've added the
>following code at the beggening of the C++ app:
>
>PyRun_SimpleString("import grabber");
>PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");
>PyRun_SimpleString("class a:\n\tdef
>write(self,s):\n\t\tograbber.grab(s)\n");
>PyRun_SimpleString("import sys\nsys.stderr=a()\nsys.stdout=a()");
>
>Its hard to read that way, here's what it expands to:
>import grabber
>import sys
>class a:
>    def write(self, s)
>        grabber.grab(s)

Actually, that last line will more like
>        ograbber.grab(s)

At least, if what you posted above is accurate...

It's not the question you asked, but if you want to make that easier
to read, you can do something like

   PyRun_SimpleString("import grabber");
   PyRun_SimpleString("import sys");

   PyRun_SimpleString("class a:\n"
                      "   def write(self,s):\n"
                      "      grabber.grab(s)\n");

   PyRun_SimpleString("import sys\n"
                      "sys.stderr=a()\n"
                      "sys.stdout=a()\n");


C++, like Python, will concatenate strings seperated only by
whitespace.

Regards,
                                        -=Dave

-- 
Change is inevitable, progress is not.


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Tue Jul 25 03:40:48 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 00:40:48 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
In-Reply-To: <xI2dnXZ0gYtUIljZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153809894.854676.213100@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<xI2dnXZ0gYtUIljZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <1153813248.642152.153120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Erik Max Francis wrote:
> alex23 wrote:
>
> > The standard library module 'libcache' does exactly what you're
> > considering implementing.
>
> I believe the module you're referring to is `linecache`.
>

and whatever its name is, it's not a goer: it reads the whole of each
file into memory. It was designed for stack traces. See docs. See
source code. See discussion when somebody with a name within a typo or
0 of the OP's asked an almost identical question very recently.

Here's a thought:

sqlite3 database, one table (line_number, file_offset, line_length),
make line_number the primary key, Bob's yer uncle.

Oh yeah, that battery's not included yet -- you'll need to download the
pysqlite2 module, and mutter strange oaths:
import sys
PY_VERSION = sys.version_info[:2]
if PY_VERSION >= (2, 5):
    import sqlite3
else:
    from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite3

It would be a very good idea for the OP to give us a clue as to
(min/max/average) number of (bytes per line, lines per file, bytes per
file) *and* the desired response time on what hardware & OS ... *and*
how long if takes to do this:
    for line in file_handle:
        pass

Alternatively, if you have the disk space, you could have just two
columns in the DB table: (line_number, line).

Cheers,
John



From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:36:59 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:36:59 -0700
Subject: Numeric help!
In-Reply-To: <1151690918.618969.223020@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151510615.139278.167520@j72g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151540468.434688.242530@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151573125.651727.322660@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151591837.540485.80860@j72g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151660774.576559.298730@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151690918.618969.223020@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151919419.396799.296020@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Carl Banks wrote:
> Sheldon wrote:
> > average(compress(ravel(equal(wk,z)),ravel(sattmp)),axis=None)
> > This is much more compact and elegant. Thanks for pointing this out.
> > I don't know why average() returned a divide by zero error and to avoid
> > this I inserted this if statement.   Now it works much better !
>
> Probably you had a case where the array length was zero, but it
> wouldn't happen in the present case unless your input arrays are zero
> by zero.
> 
> 
> Carl Banks

Thanks for you help kind Sir!

/Sheldon



From rrs at researchut.com  Fri Jul 28 13:10:43 2006
From: rrs at researchut.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 22:40:43 +0530
Subject: Thread Question
References: <1153998422.670828.148360@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eadgei$k5s$2@sea.gmane.org>

And people, Is there any documentation on Python Threads or Threads in general.
It'd be of great help to really understand.

Ritesh

Ritesh Raj Sarraf on Thursday 27 Jul 2006 16:37 wrote:

> Is this the correct way of threading applications ?
> This is the first time I'd be doing threading. So was looking for
> comments and suggestions.

-- 
Ritesh Raj Sarraf
RESEARCHUT - http://www.researchut.com
"Necessity is the mother of invention."
"Stealing logic from one person is plagiarism, stealing from many is research."
"The great are those who achieve the impossible, the petty are those who
cannot - rrs"



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 08:55:21 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 22:55:21 +1000
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
In-Reply-To: <1151928061.302117.96750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151920542.876526.88200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a8fc54@news.eftel.com>
	<1151928061.302117.96750@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a913b8@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 10:01 PM, Jon Clements wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> (snip)
>> You have already been told: you don't need "self.<what>", you just write
>> "self" ... self *is* a reference to the instance of the mystr class that
>> is being operated on by the substr method.
>>
> (snip)
> 
> I get that; let me clarify why I asked again.
> 
> As far as I'm aware, the actual representation of a string needn't be
> the same as its 'physical' value. ie, a string could always appear in
> uppercase ('ABCD'), while stored as 'aBcd'. If I need to guarantee that
> substr always returned from the physical representation and not the
> external appearance, how would I do this? Or, would self, always return
> internal representation, (if so, how would I get external appearance?).
> 
> Or I could be talking complete _beep_ - in which case I apologise.
> 
> Jon.
> 
The external appearance of an object is produced by repr and str 
methods. These transform the internal value into a human-readable (and 
Python-compilable, in the case of repr) format. When you are 
subclassing, these methods would normally be inherited.

Let's transpose your question into the realm of floats. A float is 
usually a 64-bit gizmoid with about 53 bits of mantissa, a sign bit, and 
the rest is for the exponent. The external representations are character 
strings like '3.3333333333333333e-021'. You want to subclass float so 
that you can add handy methods like squared(). You would like it to be 
as simple as:

def squared(self):
     return self * self

There are two possibilities:
(a) It just works; e.g. print myfloat(1.1).squared() produces 1.21
(b) It doesn't work, you get some mysterious exception like

     TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int

which you decode as meaning that it doesn't like you trying to multiply 
two character strings together, and you have to code the return 
expression as self.__internal__ * self.__internal__ or something like that.

1. Which of these possibilities do you think is more 
useful/elegant/plausible?
2. [Stop me if you've heard this one before] When you try it out, what 
happens?
3. Have you ever seen any indication in the manuals, tutorials, books, 
code published online, etc etc as to which possibility has been implemented?

HTH,
John


From orsenthil at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 15:50:42 2006
From: orsenthil at gmail.com (Phoe6)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:50:42 -0700
Subject: Comment on this script. Possible error in communication with list
	arg between functions
In-Reply-To: <1153767716.842090.22740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153765394.026197.89560@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153767716.842090.22740@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153770642.284697.90890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Juho Schultz wrote:
> I think return values should be used for communication between
> functions. Maybe something like this could work for you (not tested).
>
> def checkForRpm(rpmname):
>     # <cut start of function>
>     # Strings with 0 lenght are False
>     if output:
>         print output
>     else:
>         print rpmname + ' is not installed'
>     return output
>
> def checkPreReqs():
>     missingRpms = []
>     for requiredRpm in listOfRpms:
>         if not checkForRpm(requiredRpm):
>             missingRpms.append(requiredRpm)
>     # you could also do this by a list comprehension
>     missingRpms = [reqRpm for reqRpm in listOfRpms if not
> checkForRpm(reqRpm)]
>     # or you could use the builtin function filter() - see
> filter.__doc__ for that

Thanks Juho. I got the logic to workout the problem and I was able to
solve it. There was bit alteration of my code was required. Its working
now. Thanks.
---
def checkForRpm(rpmname):
        ''' Check for the presence of the RPM. '''
        cin,cout,cerr = os.popen3('rpm -q ' + rpmname)
        rpmStatus = cout.read()
        print rpmStatus,
        return rpmStatus



def preReqCheckRpms():
        ''' Check for the required RPMS '''
        listOfRpms =
['firefox','senthil','binutils','gcc','cpp','glibc-devel','glibc-headers','glibc-kernheaders','compat-db','compat-gcc','compat-gcc-c++','compat-libstdc++','compat-libstdc++-devel','gnome-libs','openmotif21','setarch']
        missingRpms = []
        for requiredRpm in listOfRpms:
                if checkForRpm(requiredRpm).find('is not installed') >
0:
                        missingRpms.append(requiredRpm)
        if missingRpms:
                print 'The following RPMS are not installed:'
                for eachMissingRpm in missingRpms:
                        print eachMissingRpm
                print 'Please install them for the installation to
continue.'
                sys.exit(-1)


             
---



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 27 10:43:04 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:43:04 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
In-Reply-To: <1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154011384.274967.126020@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Fuzzyman wrote:
> Fuzzyman wrote:
> > Fuzzyman wrote:
> > > Hello all,
> > >
> > > I'm trying to extract the code object from a function, and exec it
> > > without explicitly passing parameters.
> > >
> > > The code object 'knows' it expects to receive paramaters. It's
> > > 'arg_count' attribute is readonly.
> > >
> > > How can I set the arg_count to 0, or pass parameters to the code object
> > > when I exec it ?
> > >
> >
> > Ok, so now I'm getting somewhere, without really knowing what I'm
> > doing. Using the CodeType I can create a new code object with identical
> > attributes, except an 'argcount' of 0.
> >
> > It doesn't quite work, so I probably need to set some of the attributes
> > *differently*.
> >
> > The code I use is :
> >
> > >>> def f(x):
> >  ...     print x
> >  ...
> > >>> c = f.func_code
> > >>> CodeType = type(c)
> > >>> a = CodeType(0, c.co_nlocals, c.co_stacksize, c.co_flags, c.co_code,
> >  ...     c.co_consts, c.co_names, c.co_varnames, c.co_filename,
> > c.co_name,
> >  ...     c.co_firstlineno, c.co_lnotab, c.co_freevars, c.co_cellvars)
> > >>> a
> > <code object f at 01C707A0, file "<input>", line 1>
> > >>> exec a
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "<input>", line 1, in ?
> >   File "<input>", line 2, in f
> > UnboundLocalError: local variable 'x' referenced before assignment
> >
> > (the first argument, 0, becomes the 'arg_count' attribute)
> >
> > So the code object is still creating a local scope, and knows that x is
> > a local variable. ('co_nlocals' and 'co_varnames' ?).
> >
> > I'd like to construct the code object so that it takes the parameters
> > from the enclosing scope (the context I pass into exec I guess),
> > without clobbering any local variables that may be defined in the code
> > object.
> >
> > Anyone got any clues ?
> >
>
> *Damn* I've extracted the code object and told it that it has no
> arguments. Executing the code object results in the function object !
>
> The code object is obviously the code object for the function
> definition. *sigh*
>
> I was hoping I could get to the code object for the *body* of the
> function. Looks like that won't be possible without dis-assembling the
> bytecode or other tricks even more hackish than what I've already done.
>
> For the record, the code  I was using was :
>
> x = 3
> def f(x):
>     print x
>
> CodeType = type(f.func_code)
>
> def convert_function(f):
>     code = f.func_code
>     nlocals = max(code.co_nlocals - code.co_argcount, 0)
>     newCode = CodeType(0, nlocals, code.co_stacksize, code.co_flags,
>                        code.co_code, code.co_consts, code.co_names,
>                        code.co_varnames, code.co_filename,
> code.co_name,
>                        code.co_firstlineno, code.co_lnotab,
> code.co_freevars,
>                        code.co_cellvars)
>     return newCode
>
> print convert_function(f)
> exec convert_function(f)
>
> Fuzzyman
> http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

Out of curiosity, why are you doing this?

Peace,
~Simon



From mwyatt at wi.rr.com  Tue Jul 25 23:24:33 2006
From: mwyatt at wi.rr.com (Mike Wyatt)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 22:24:33 -0500
Subject: Package organization
Message-ID: <44C6E071.8040809@wi.rr.com>

You read me like a book :)  I just moved from C# a few months ago, and I 
played with C++ for a while before that.

Seriously though, for some of my more complicated subsystems (graphics, 
for example), putting all the classes in one module seems excessive.  
Right now that subsystem has around 10 classes, and may end up with 
about twice that.  I could find a logical split between a few modules, 
but that would defeat the purpose of reducing the level of nesting.  
Having all my code in a single module would make it hard to find the 
code I want to edit quickly.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject:
Re: Package organization
From:
Matt Good <matt.good at gmail.com>
Date:
Sat, 15 Jul 2006 15:57:22 -0700

To:
python-list at python.org


One class per module?  Sounds like you've been programming in Java (or
C#) for too long  :) 

But skipping the package structure for a moment you can simplify your
use of the Timer class by changing your imports:

from engine.timer.timer import Timer
t = Timer()

OR

from engine.timer import timer
t = timer.Timer()

Ok, back to package structure.  In Python putting 1 class per module
basically means you're adding an extra level of nesting beyond the
equivalent structure in languages like Java and C# that require you to
create a new file per-class.

In Java defining "engine/timer/Timer.java" you'd get an
"engine.timer.Timer" class.
As you saw in Python defining Timer in "engine/timer/timer.py" the
class is now "engine.timer.timer.Timer".

Dropping that extra level by combining the classes in engine.timer into
a single module will simplify things.

-- Matt Good



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From rnd at onego.ru  Fri Jul 28 06:54:06 2006
From: rnd at onego.ru (Roman Susi)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 13:54:06 +0300
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
Message-ID: <44C9ECCE.4020807@onego.ru>

Hi!

it is interesting that I found this syntax error:

>>> a = {}
>>> str('sdfd', **a,)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    str('sdfd', **a,)
                   ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax


I just wonder is it intentional or by-product (bug or feature)?
(The behaviour makes sense, of course... I tend to leave commas when I
expect a list to be added to (i.e. almost always ;-)))


Regards,
Roman


From jonasmg at softhome.net  Thu Jul 20 04:27:37 2006
From: jonasmg at softhome.net (GinTon)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:27:37 -0700
Subject: CSV with comments
In-Reply-To: <e9ldhe$mba$1@news.sap-ag.de>
References: <1153236891.400973.123150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237728.991190.115390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9j0ot$96i$1@news.sap-ag.de>
	<e4m*iY4lr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
	<e9ldhe$mba$1@news.sap-ag.de>
Message-ID: <1153384057.322034.93460@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

and which method is the best, Daniel's generator or the subclass?



From mirnazim at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 13:51:12 2006
From: mirnazim at gmail.com (Mir Nazim)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 10:51:12 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <7x1wsbi9x9.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1wsbi9x9.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153763472.859286.113550@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Paul Rubin wrote:
> > 1060! / (1060 - 96)!
>

> More than you want to think about:
>
>     import math
>
>     def logf(n):
>         """return base-10 logarithm of (n factorial)"""
>         f = 0.0
>         for x in xrange(1,n+1):
>             f += math.log(x, 10)
>         return f
>
>     print logf(1060) - logf(1060 - 96)
>
> Of course there are other ways you can calculate it, e.g.

My problem is not to calculate this number, but generate this much
number of permutations in a  fastest possible ways.

by the way,  logf(1060) - logf(1060 - 96) = 288.502297251. Do you mean
there are only 289 possible permutation if 1060 elements taken 96 at a
time. Wow it is cool.

Please correct me if I got something wrong



From chris at kateandchris.net  Mon Jul 31 12:12:52 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:12:52 -0400
Subject: Mouse LED Control in Python
In-Reply-To: <1154291200.448540.224660@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154291200.448540.224660@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060731161252.GA18594@kateandchris.net>

There is not enough information in that post to be able to reimpliment what he
did in any language.  You will have to try and get in touch with the author.

-Chris  
On Sun, Jul 30, 2006 at 01:26:40PM -0700, semagraw at gmail.com wrote:
> I found this link that describes the byte arrays to control the
> IM/Email Leds on my Logitech MX610 mouse:
> 
> http://www.kdedevelopers.org/node/2029
> 
> The link to the tarball is dead so I can't look at that.  Is there
> anyway to do what the link says in Python? If you follow the link
> above, it talks about 'sending the byte array to 0x10 (16)'.  I'm not
> sure if that is possible in python.  Can anyone help or point me in the
> right direction?  I'd also be willing to have this be done in another
> language and just call different programs from a python program when I
> need something specific done (IM light on, for example).
> 
> 
> 
> Text from the link if you can't be bothered to follow it:
> 
> "I've figured out the IM led now. As before, you send 6 bytes to report
> ID 0x10
> (16), followed by the "confirm" message.
> 
> The magic values are:
> unsigned char confirm[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
> unsigned char email_off[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00 };
> unsigned char email_on[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00 };
> unsigned char email_pulse[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00 };
> unsigned char email_flash[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00 };
> unsigned char email_instanton[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00
> };
> unsigned char email_instantoff[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x01, 0x00,
> 0x00 };
> 
> unsigned char im_off[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00 };
> unsigned char im_on[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00 };
> unsigned char im_pulse[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00 };
> unsigned char im_flash[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00 };
> unsigned char im_instantoff[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
> };
> unsigned char im_instanton[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00
> };"
> 
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Jeff
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 14:31:40 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:31:40 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>
References: <d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1153161100.650922.110630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > We seem to have slipped back from the hypothetical relation language
> > with only assignement back to SQL.
>
> [...]
> I don't see how such a language (limited to assignment of entire
> relations) is particularly helpful to consider.

I find it useful to consider various language features together and
individually, to see how these features interact. If nothing else,
it furthers my understanding of how languages work.


> If the relations are to
> be considered opaque, then there's clearly no aliasing going on.

Not certain I understand, but I think I agree.


> However, such a language doesn't seem to solve any actual problems.  It
> appears to be nothing other than a toy language, with a fixed finite set
> of variables having only value semantics, no scope, etc.

No, such a language is entirely useful, since relational assignment
is *more* expressive than insert/update/delete. (How did you get "no
scope"
by the way? And fixed variables? All I said was to change ins/upd/del
to
assignment.)

Also note one could fairly easily write a macro for ins/upd/del if one
had assignement. (See below.)

Now, there are some significant issues with trying to produce a
performant implementation in a distributed environment with strictness.
In fact I will go so far as to say it's impossible. However on a single
machine I don't see any reason to think it would perform any worse,
(although I haven't thought about it deeply.)


> I assume that
> relational databases will have the equivalent of SQL's update statement;
> and if that's not the case, then I would need someone to explain how to
> accomplish the same goals in the new relational language; i.e. it would
> need some way of expressing transformations of relations, not just
> complete replacement of them with new relations that are assumed to
> appear out of thin air.

Consider:

i := i + 1;

Note that the new value of i didn't just appear out of thin air; it was
in fact based on the previous value of i.

Given:
variable T : relation of r;
update_fn : r -> r   // takes one record and returns new, updated
record
filter_fn : r -> boolean  // indicator function

insert(T, new_rows) => { T := T union new_rows; }

update(T, update_fn, filter_fn) => {
  transaction {
    let Tmp = filter(T, filter_fn);  // select only those rows to
update
    T := T minus Tmp;
    T := T union update_fn(Tmp);
  }
}

delete(T,filter_fn) => { T := T minus filter(T, filter_fn); }

So we can define insert, update and delete in terms of relational
assignment, relational subtraction, and relational union. Type
checking details omitted.


Marshall



From jorge.vargas at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 19:55:28 2006
From: jorge.vargas at gmail.com (Jorge Vargas)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:55:28 -0400
Subject: how to solve TypeError: list objects are unhashable?
Message-ID: <32822fe60607281655h5df03bb7lfdb7d076b32d1581@mail.gmail.com>

Hello list

I'm not a newbie on python but I'm not an expert either and just found out
that code like this gives the above exception.

        self.db={}
        self.db["foo"]=[1,2]
        self.db["bar"]=[2,3]

I now undestand why this is giving me a problem and I think i'm using the
wrong approach

first of all I'm trying to test some code which will have diferent backends
so I'm doing a quick in memory structure that will let me know that the
algoritms are ok.

my data has the following constrains.

I have keywords (foo,bar,etc) and then values (1,2,3,etc.) now each keyword
is unique and each value may or maynot be unique, although it should be
unique but we won't enforce that.

now one keywords may return 0 to n values which are all the values matching
that certain keyword. something similar to a tagging system. We will never
access the data based on values and each Source object has a method with the
signature get(keyword) where keyword is a string. ohh and the values are all
strings too.

does anyone has a good idea on how to implement this (for the test).

thanks.
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From nephish at xit.net  Sun Jul 16 19:55:43 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 16:55:43 -0700
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
In-Reply-To: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153094143.447481.141850@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

are not most (or all) of these copywrite protected ?
thats why i have not pulled some of them myself,
you can get most of them used from amazon for
about $10


bigskipster at gmail.com wrote:
> http://cooldogebooks.blogspot.com/2006/05/python-ebooks.html
>
> Here is a cool site were you can preview python ebooks.
>
> Here are just a few listed....
>
> Advanced_Python_programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:23 194K
> EP2003CppExtensions.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:25 2.0M
> GUI Programming with Python.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:36 16M
> Game_Programming_with_Python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:26 67K
> How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002.pdf
> 20-Oct-2004 14:37 863K
> How_to_think_like_a_computer_scientist.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:36 720K
> New Riders - Jython for Java Programmers.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:38 713K
> OReilly - Core Python Programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:43 7.8M
> OReilly - Learning Python.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:44 967K
> OReilly - Programming Python 2nd Ed.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:48 6.4M
> OReilly - Python & XML.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:49 2.0M
> OReilly - Python Cookbook.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:49 1.0M
> OReilly - Python Developer's Handbook.rar 20-Oct-2004 14:50 1.6M
> OReilly - Python In A Nutshell eBook-LiB.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:51 1.1M
> OReilly - Python Programming on Win32.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:52 2.1M
> OReilly - Python Standard Library.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:52 356K
> Python???rar 20-Oct-2004 16:09 64M
> Python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:59 391K
> Python 2.1 Bible.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:58 6.3M
> Python Essential Reference, Second Edition.rar 20-Oct-2004 14:58 536K
> Python Pocket Reference.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:59 175K
> PythonWindowsTutorial.doc 20-Oct-2004 16:10 1.9M
> Python_Programming_with_the_JavaT_Class_Libraries_-_Addison_Wesley_-_2002.chm
> 20-Oct-2004 15:00 1.8M CD-ROM
> Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours.rar 20-Oct-2004 15:52 2.4M
> Thinking in python.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:21 178K
> an-introduction-to-tkinter.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:23 733K
> diveintopython-pdf-4.3.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:24 519K
> iconcrib.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:37 152K
> icongraphics.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:37 138K
> mailgate/ 26-Oct-2004 02:27 -
> modpython.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:38 164K
> pil-handbook.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:53 486K
> pil.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:53 232K
> portal.tar.gz 20-Oct-2004 14:53 45K tar xvfz filename
> pygtk2tutorial.tar.gz 20-Oct-2004 14:54 1.6M tar xvfz filename
> pygtk2tutorial.tgz 20-Oct-2004 14:54 775K tar xvfz filename
> pyref_cn.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:55 314K
> pyscponly.py 20-Oct-2004 14:55 815
> pyshell.txt 20-Oct-2004 14:55 1.1K
> python_wdsl.pdf 20-Oct-2004 15:00 134K
> python network programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:59 309K ??
> tkinter.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:21 315K
> tkinter.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:22 415K
> tutorial python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:22 268K
> Advanced_Python_programming [miex.org].pdf
> An Introduction to Tkinter.chm
> Dive into Python [miex.org].pdf
> GUI_Programming_with_Python_-_QT_Edition [miex.org].chm
> Game Scripting in Python [miex.org].doc
> How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002
> [miex.org].pdf
> How_to_think_like_a_computer_scientist [miex.org].pdf
> Instant_Hacking_With_Python [miex.org].zip
> New Riders - Jython for Java Programmers [miex.org].chm
> New Riders - Python Essential Reference, 2Nd Ed - 2001 [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Core Python Programming [miex.org].pdf
> OReilly - Learning Python ed2 [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Programming Python ed2 [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Python & XML [miex.org].pdf
> OReilly - Python In A Nutshell [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Python Pocket Reference,2001 ed2 [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Python Programming on Win32 [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Python Standard Library [miex.org].chm
> Preiss,_B.R._-_Data_Structures_and_Algorithms_in_Python_(2004)
> [miex.org].chm
> Premier.Press,.Python.Programming.for.the.Absolute.Beginner.(2003).LiB.ShareConnector
> [miex.org].chm
> Prentice Hall - Core Python Programming (Fixed).chm
> Python network programming.pdf
> Python[1].Cookbook.2nd.chm
> Python_2.1_bible_(idg_2001)_[pdf] [miex.org].zip
> Python_Developer's_Handbook_(2000) [miex.org].chm
> Race_Evolution_Behavior.pdf
> Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours.rar
> SciTE editor for Python
> Scientific Computing in Python [miex.org].pdf
> Text_Processing_in_Python_(Addison_Wesley-2003) [miex.org].chm
> Thinking in Python [miex.org].chm
> VIM editor for Python
> mec.Python Programming with the Java Class Libraries.2002
> [miex.org].chm
> modpython [miex.org].pdf
> numpy_tutorial [miex.org].pdf
> python-doc-2.4.chm
> skip4Python [miex.org].chm
> OReilly - Learning Python 17-Dec-2005 04:49
> OReilly - Programming Python 2nd Ed 17-Dec-2005 04:50
> Oreilly.Learning.Python.2nd.Edition.eBook-LiB 17-Dec-2005 04:53
> Oreilly.Python.In.A.Nutshell.eBook-LiB 17-Dec-2005 04:58
> Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours 17-Dec-2005 05:43
> Thinking in python 17-Dec-2005 05:43
> dive in to python 17-Dec-2005 04:46
> instant-hacking.php 17-Dec-2005 04:47
> Advanced_Python_programming.pdf  28-Apr-2004 16:36  194K
> Bourne Shell, shell.pdf 01-Sep-2004 09:14  185K
> How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002.pdf
> 28-Apr-2004 16:36  863K
> Mastering_Regular_Expressions.pdf  25-Apr-2003 18:33  5.8M
> OReilly - ProgrammingPython2ndEd.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  6.4M
> OReilly - Python Standard Library.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  356K
> OReilly.Learning.the.bash.Shell.2nd.Edition.chm  24-Feb-2005 10:14
> 636K
> Oreilly.Learning.Python.2nd.Edition.eBook-LiB.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37
> 1.2M
> Oreilly.Python.In.A.Nutshell.eBook-LiB.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  1.1M
> Sed and Awk Pocket Reference - 2nd Edition.chm  25-Sep-2003 14:21   91K
>
> UnixHistory.pdf  01-Jun-2005 10:35  513K
> diveintopython-pdf-5.4.zip 17-Jun-2004 10:23  764K
> diveintopython.zip  15-Aug-2005 09:20  195K
> linux - Advanced Bash Shell Scripting Gude.pdf  02-Aug-2004 00:00  4.6M
>
> python_note.pdf  17-Jun-2004 10:18  1.9M
> regx.pdf 24-Sep-2003 12:30   53K
> thinking in python.chm   28-Apr-2004 16:37  178K
> vim_user_manual_603.0.pdf  15-Aug-2005 17:08  2.2M



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul 12 16:30:54 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 13:30:54 -0700
Subject: Generating all ordered substrings of a string
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8014.1152609629.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152736254.381270.128470@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


girish at it.usyd.edu.au wrote:
> Hi,
>  I want to generate all non-empty substrings of a string of length >=2.
> Also,
> each substring is to be paired with 'string - substring' part and vice
> versa.
>  Thus, ['abc'] gives me [['a', 'bc'], ['bc', 'a'], ['ab', 'c'], ['c',
> 'ab'], ['b', 'ac'], ['ac', 'b']] etc.
>  Similarly, 'abcd' should give me [['a', 'bcd'], ['bcd', 'a'], ['abc',
> 'd'], ['d', 'abc'], ['b', 'acd'], ['acd', 'b'],['c', 'abd'], ['abd', 'c'],
> ['ab', 'cd'], ['cd', 'ab'], ['bc', 'ad'], ['ad', 'bc'], ['ac',
> 'bd'],['bd','ac']]
>

from a previous post
(http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/fa40c76544b1c515/cef5b578bb00e61b?lnk=st&q=&rnum=23#cef5b578bb00e61b)

def nkRange(n,k):
    m = n - k + 1
    indexer = range(0, k)
    vector = range(1, k+1)
    last = range(m, n+1)
    yield vector
    while vector != last:
        high_value = -1
        high_index = -1
        for i in indexer:
            val = vector[i]
            if val > high_value and val < m + i:
                high_value = val
                high_index = i
        for j in range(k - high_index):
            vector[j+high_index] = high_value + j + 1
        yield vector

def kSubsets(s, k):
    for vector in nkRange(len(s),k):
        yield ''.join( s[i-1] for i in vector )

print list( kSubsets('abcd',2) )

['ab', 'ac', 'ad', 'bc', 'bd', 'cd']



From jo at durchholz.org  Thu Jul 13 06:48:15 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:48:15 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
Message-ID: <e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>

Darren New schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Actually, in a functional programming language (FPL), you write just 
>> the postconditions and let the compiler generate the code for you.
> 
> Certainly. And my point is that the postcondition describing "all valid 
> chess boards reachable from this one" is pretty much going to be as big 
> as an implementation for generating it, yes?

Yes. It's a classical case where the postcondition and the code that 
fulfils it are essentially the same.

 > The postcondition will
> still have to contain all the rules of chess in it, for example. At best 
> you've replaced loops with some sort of universal quanitifier with a 
> "such that" phrase.

Correct.

OTOH, isn't that the grail that many people have been searching for: 
programming by simply declaring the results that they want to see?

> Anyway, I expect you could prove you can't do this in the general case. 
> Otherwise, you could just write a postcondition that asserts the output 
> of your function is machine code that when run generates the same 
> outputs as the input string would. I.e., you'd have a compiler that can 
> write other compilers, generated automatically from a description of the 
> semantics of the input stream and the semantics of the machine the code 
> is to run on. I'm pretty sure we're not there yet, and I'm pretty sure 
> you start running into the limits of computability if you do that.

No, FPLs are actually just that: compilable postconditions.
Computability issues aren't more or less a factor than with other kinds 
of compilers: they do limit what you can do, but these limits are loose 
enough that you can do really useful stuff within them (in particular, 
express all algorithms).

Regards,
Jo


From wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 08:20:19 2006
From: wesleyhenwood at hotmail.com (Wesley Henwood)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 05:20:19 -0700
Subject: stderr, stdout, and errno 24
In-Reply-To: <12bbofei9iiffa7@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1152752982.418243.236590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12bbofei9iiffa7@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1152793219.333586.59410@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I've checked and double checked my code and I am closing all files
explicitly after opening them.  The only possibliy I can think of is
Python opening files each time I run a script, or each time imput to
stderr or stdout is redirected.

Here's a link that is perhaps related to my
problem:<http://pyfaq.infogami.com/why-doesn-t-closing-sys-stdout-stdin-stderr-really-close-it>

Here is a thread in this group, see post by
alisonken1:<http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/75e65baa1a51b3a6/512bba0739924917?q=too+many+open+files&rnum=20#512bba0739924917>



From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 20:06:52 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:06:52 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
Message-ID: <1153958812.543245.173540@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Jaroslaw Zabiello wrote:
> >> Ruby
> >> has nice security system (private, protected, public scopes for methods and
> >> attributes,
> >
> > This is not "security", this is data-hiding.
>
> No. Data hiding are in Python. Ruby uses security similiar to Java. If the
> class has method marked as private it cannot be used in children classes.

Why are you calling this "security"? The enforcement of "private" is
not "security" in Java by a long shot. Trust me I know, been doing Java
since near its inception. By your definition of "security" C++ has
"security" too. But no, Java (real) security is very different from C++
and Ruby enforcement of private. It's a much bigger subject in its own
right.



From tyler.schlosser at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 11:30:08 2006
From: tyler.schlosser at gmail.com (tyler.schlosser at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 08:30:08 -0700
Subject: Launching multiple instances of a program with
	win32com.client.Dispatch?
In-Reply-To: <1152243179_9697@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1152238469.455365.239520@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152243179_9697@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <1152286208.519739.312740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi Roger,

Thanks for the response, but DispatchEx seems to do the exact same
thing as Dispatch in my case; there is still only one processID and one
instance of my program (I forgot to mention that I also need two unique
processID's to keep track of them).

I have also tried:

###

AB1 =
pythoncom.CoCreateInstance("Broker.Application",None,pythoncom.CLSCTX_SERVER,pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)

AB2 =
pythoncom.CoCreateInstance("Broker.Application",None,pythoncom.CLSCTX_SERVER,pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)

win32com.client.Dispatch(AB1)
win32com.client.Dispatch(AB2)

###

That also seems to do the exact same thing.

Any other ideas of things I might try?

Roger Upole wrote:
> win32com.client.DispatchEx should create a new instance.
>
>        Roger
>
> <tyler.schlosser at gmail.com> wrote in message news:1152238469.455365.239520 at s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> > Hi there, I am trying to launch a program called AmiBroker using the
> > command:
> >
> > AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> >
> > However, I have a dual-core CPU and would like to launch two instances
> > of AmiBroker. I know it is possible to run two instances simultaneously
> > since it is easy to do manually by double-clicking the AmiBroker.exe
> > file twice. However, when I write two lines of code like this:
> >
> > AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> > AB2 = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> >
> > and proceed to address these objects, they interfere with each other
> > since both AB and AB2 are "grabbing" the same instance of AmiBroker. If
> > I try to run two separate Python scripts, each one containing a
> > "win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")" comand, the same
> > problem happens (where even though the objects are named differently,
> > they do not each launch an instance of the program; the first one
> > launches it and the second one just "grabs" it).
> >
> > Does anyone know how to force two separate program launches rather than
> > having both Dispatch commands access the same object? I would be
> > incredibly thankful to anyone who could offer some help with this.
> >
> > Thank you very much,
> >
> > Tyler
> >



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul  7 19:38:17 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 01:38:17 +0200
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <e8m72r$el4$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e8m72r$el4$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <44aeef2e$0$13030$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Peter Otten a ?crit :
(snip)

> I don't think your code is ugly. Anyway, here are two more alternatives:
> 
> 
>>>>types = [0] * 3
>>>>dispatch = [0, 0, 2, 0, 1]
>>>>for value in [1, 1, 0, 4]: 
> ...     types[dispatch[value]] += 1
> ...
> 
>>>>types
> 
> [3, 1, 0]

I wonder why I'm still pretending to be a programmer

> 
> 
>>>>inflated = [0] * 5
>>>>groups = [[0, 1, 3], [4], [2]]
>>>>for value in [1, 1, 0, 4]: 
> ...     inflated[value] += 1
> ... 
>>>>[sum(inflated[i] for i in group) for group in groups]
> 
> [3, 1, 0]
> 

me-change-job-me-go-selling-pizzas :(



From yuxi at ece.gatech.edu  Tue Jul 18 17:44:50 2006
From: yuxi at ece.gatech.edu (Yu-Xi Lim)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:44:50 -0400
Subject: Defining functions in an implementation file
In-Reply-To: <1153250521.486978.256850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153250521.486978.256850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9jkoj$801$1@news-int.gatech.edu>

westymatt wrote:
> I am fairly new to python and I want to put alot of my functions in
> another python file and import or from it into my script so I can call
> the functions.  How is this done?
> 

What you are describing are modules. The Python Tutorial has some
information on this

http://docs.python.org/tut/node8.html


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 20 05:57:30 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 02:57:30 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed. Removing a Folder Problem
Message-ID: <20060720095730.81359.qmail@web53109.mail.yahoo.com>

When I push a button to trigger the code:

def runCCCC(self, event):
        cmd_out = self.A_com()
        if App.runF != "":
            os.mkdir('C:\copiedFiles')                
      
            for item in App.runF:
                App.beCopied = str(item)
                shutil.copy(App.beCopied,          
'C:\copiedFiles')
            cmd = 'cccc C:\copiedFiles\*.*' + cmd_out
            os.system(cmd)
            shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles')
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse and Insert A File")        


I encountered this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python24\lib\lib-tk\Tkinter.py", line 1345,
in __call__
    return self.func(*args)
  File "C:\Python24\TkScripts\RCFolder.py", line 61,
in runCCCC
    shutil.rmtree('C:\copiedFiles',
ignore_errors=False)# OLMADI!!!
  File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 168, in
rmtree
    onerror(os.remove, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "C:\Python24\lib\shutil.py", line 166, in
rmtree
    os.remove(fullname)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied:
'C:\\copiedFiles\\Analog.c'

1. What I want to do is to get the list of files I
inserted to a Listbox,
2. Creating a folder,(C:\copiedFiles)
3. Copying all of these files to this folder with the
same names,
4. Running CCCC for all of the files in this folder,
5. Than removing this folder.

Can anyone enlighten me on this Error I have got and
how to solve it?

Regards


__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From vasudevram at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 11:51:30 2006
From: vasudevram at gmail.com (vasudevram)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 08:51:30 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151851661.925526.94520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151851661.925526.94520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151855490.454983.101640@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Just FYI - pexpect is a Python app that works like Expect - which is by
Don Libes and written in TCL. Expect comes with most Linux
distributions and is available for most UNIX / Linux versions from its
web site http://expect.nist.gov/

The expect man page is enough to get started for simple needs, such as
yours appears to be. You might want to play around with the original
Expect a bit and then try out pexpect  - or you could just use Expect
itself for your needs.

HTH
Vasudev
---
Vasudev Ram
Independent software consultant
http://www.geocities.com/vasudevram
PDF conversion toolkit:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/xtopdf
---


faulkner wrote:
> try pexpect.
> http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
>
> valpa wrote:
> > I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> > telnet on to them and configure them.
> > It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> > each server.
> >
> > Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> > consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> > could start to type command in these xterms.
> > 
> > Any suggestion appreciate. Much thanks.



From paul at fxtech.com  Wed Jul  5 16:35:34 2006
From: paul at fxtech.com (Paul Miller)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 15:35:34 -0500
Subject: Numeric import_array() problem - OS X 10.4
In-Reply-To: <DeQqg.36438$Kl3.16196@fe19.usenetserver.com>
References: <DeQqg.36438$Kl3.16196@fe19.usenetserver.com>
Message-ID: <toVqg.22018$uK4.7705@fe16.usenetserver.com>

Paul Miller wrote:
> I had some code that used to work that now doesn't. It's an embedded 
> Python interpreter that uses numpy internally. The code calls 
> "import_array()", which now fails (and generates a "ImportError: No 
> module named _numpy" error).

Nevermind - "user error". A recent OS X update changed the paths Python 
looks in for site libraries.

I love it when Apple silently decides to break stuff. I can spend hours 
trying to track it all down instead of getting work done - but it's fun 
because I'm using a shiny Mac!



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul 24 11:47:20 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 15:47:20 GMT
Subject: How can I optimise this? [intended in good humour]
References: <mailman.8442.1153730133.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153733237.943779.58670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <cY5xg.14237$YO6.5836@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"John Machin" <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote in message
news:1153733237.943779.58670 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> Markus wrote:
> > You know you're guilty of early/over optimisation, when it's almost two
> > in the morning and the file open in front of you reads as follows.
> >
<snip>
> >
> > from timeit import Timer
> >
> > if __name__=='__main__':
> >      t = Timer('len(argv)==1','from sys import argv')
> >      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
> >      t = Timer('argv[0]==argv[-1]','from sys import argv')
> >      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
> >
> > [-snip-]

You're worried about the performance of len(sys.argv)?! Is your command line
processing *really* your program bottleneck?  If so, I'd say making a better
len is the least of your problems.

Hard to imagine you'll do better than len, especially for lists as short as
command line args.  If you are *really* doing lots of len'ning, copy len to
a local to cut down on lookup costs:

C:\Documents and Settings\Paul>python -mtimeit -s"a=['abc','abc']" "len(a)"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.218 usec per loop

C:\Documents and Settings\Paul>python -mtimeit -s"a=['abc','abc'];len_=len"
"len_(a)"
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.172 usec per loop

But honestly, do some profiling before adding these maintenance-hindering
and readability-impairing "optimizations."

-- Paul




From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 07:45:27 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 04:45:27 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8538.1153851890.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8443.1153739026.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153739511.927237.255020@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<ea2ais$jud$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8538.1153851890.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153914327.251942.234730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John J. Lee wrote:
> I get that overall impression of Django too (as being more tightly
> coupled to itself, hence less flexible, when compared with TurboGears
> in particular).  I haven't done much with it yet, though (and
> presumably the 'magic-removal' branch landing did some good).
>
> What do you make of the rest of Django (aside from the DB stuff)?
>
> It's a shame TurboGears doesn't yet have a solid "out of the box" CRUD
> admin interface as Django.

And it's a shame that: Python doesn't have The Anointed Web Framework.
Things may have been different if there can be only one, who knows.

The lack of support for Oracle and SQL Server by Django is also a
killer that'll prevent Django from being picked up by a LOT of
companies (sadly, including mine :( ).

> 
> 
> John



From claird at lairds.us  Sun Jul 23 11:39:22 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 15:39:22 +0000
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<1153614703.211074.38830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <aqhcp3-den.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153614703.211074.38830 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 <hanumizzle at gmail.com> wrote:
>
>W. D. Allen wrote:
>> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
>> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
>> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>>
>> I have two questions:
>>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and
>>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?
>
>I am a fairly experienced programmer and I have been reading Dive Into
>Python. If you have prior experience, you may find it very
>satisfactory. (But see a recent thread I started which points out a few
>small mistakes...nothing too bad over all.) If you have less
>programming experience, you may wish to look at Byte of Python. The
>great thing about Python is that there is a ton of online material to
>peruse...
>

As fond as I am of Python (enough so to have been recognized for my
advocacy by the community), and as often as I've lauded Python for
its "easy entry", I feel compelled to observe that it *is* possible
to program in Basic under Linux; perhaps such an approach would
particularly suit you.  Have you considered, for example, <URL:
http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Programming/Languages/BASIC/ >?


From claudio.grondi at freenet.de  Mon Jul 10 06:59:35 2006
From: claudio.grondi at freenet.de (Claudio Grondi)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 12:59:35 +0200
Subject: WANTED: logging of all file operations on Windows
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <e8ql0r$mgu$1@newsreader2.netcologne.de>
	<mailman.7942.1152463507.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44B23317.4080800@freenet.de>

Tim Golden wrote:
> Claudio Grondi wrote:
> 
>> I am aware, that it is maybe the wrong group to ask this question, but 
>> as I would like to know the history of past file operations from 
>> within a Python script I see a chance, that someone in this group was 
>> into it already and is so kind to share here his experience.
>>
>> I can't believe, that using NTFS file system in Microsoft Windows 2000 
>> or XP it is not possible to track file events as:
>>
>> - updating/modifying of an existing file/directory   
>> - deleting an existing file/directory
>> - creating a new file/directory
>> - _moving_ an existing file/directory (should _NOT_ be covered by the 
>> event duo of  deleting an existing and creating a new file/directory)
>>
>> Any hints towards enlightenment?
>>
>> Claudio Grondi
> 
> 
> On the offchance that you haven't seen it, you might
> look at this:
> 
> http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges 
> 
> 
> but since it doesn't fulfil your criterion of *not*
> representing renames by a delete and an add, it may
> well not be suitable. Apart from that, I think it does
> what you want.
> 
> TJG
Here a small update to the code at
http://timgolden.me.uk/python/win32_how_do_i/watch_directory_for_changes.html#use_readdirectorychanges
:

ACTIONS = {
   1 : "Created",
   2 : "Deleted",
   3 : "Updated",
   4 : "Renamed from something"
   5 : "Renamed to something",
}

The correction above is according to entries:
#define FILE_ACTION_ADDED                 0x00000001
#define FILE_ACTION_REMOVED               0x00000002
#define FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED              0x00000003
#define FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME      0x00000004
#define FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME      0x00000005
   in ..\PlatformSDK\Include\WinNT.h

Claudio Grondi


From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Thu Jul 27 23:30:01 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 22:30:01 -0500
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <001901c6b150$533cee80$0900a8c0@awa1>
References: <001901c6b150$533cee80$0900a8c0@awa1>
Message-ID: <44C984B9.80306@tim.thechases.com>

 >> Hunh!  I thought pyparsing was included with Debian.
 >> (http://packages.debian.org/stable/source/pyparsing)

Yes, it's available.  Laziness is the main factor
here...however, it's simply an "apt-get install pyparsing"
away.

 >> And is downloading a package really such a hardship?
 >> What, are you on dialup?

As a matter of fact, at home, yes.  As the saying goes, the
cobbler's family has no shoes (and the geek's family has no
broadband :)  For $6.50/month, when most of what I do is
email, downloading comics, and a little web-surfing for geek
news, it does the job.  Local broadband runs 3-5 times that
price around here for shoddy, intermittant service.

 >> complications just fell away, and a much simpler approach
 >> emerged - giving rise to an unavoidable "Why didn't you
 >> just say so in the first place?" experience.

Heh, if they could have concisely expressed what they
wanted, they would likely have been sufficiently competant
to write the regexp/parser in the first place.  :)

 >> It is difficult to come up with an re to compare with
 >> pyparsing's makeHTMLTags("A"), which handles:

The biggest difficulty with REs that I've found is that it's
next to impossible to work with balanced items (such as
parens or brackets) nested to an arbitrary depth.  Pyparsing
makes this almost a trivial no-brainer.

 >> - case insensitive tag matching ("A" or "a" not so big a
 >> deal, but some tags have more than one letter)
 >> - any attributes, in any order
 >> - attribute values in single quotes, double quotes, or no
 >> quotes
 >> - attribute values are returned as named fields,
 >> converting attrib names to lower case
 >> - optional embedded '/' signifying a combined opening and
 >> closing tag, that is "<AA foo='bar'/>" is the same as
 >> "<AA foo='bar'></AA>" (more common in XML than HTML,
 >> really)
 >> - whitespace just about anywhere
 >>
 >> Hey, if you could make up an re factory function to do
 >> all that for any given tagname, you could post that to
 >> the Python Cookbook and be a real hero!

I think the biggest difficulty is pathological cases such as
bad older HTML where something like

     <a title="This is > that">

where the unescaped entity (which in xhtml/xml should be <a
title="This is &gt; that">) causes grief.  However, if
you've got a sample-set of problematic text to try and
parse, I'd gladly take a whack at creating a regexp to parse
it:

import re
examples = [
     'x1 < a href = blah src="foo" bar=\'baz\'> x2 </a> x3',
     'stuff1 <xhtml:img src="blah.gif"/> stuff2',
     """stuff1 <xhtml:img
                src="blah.gif"
                /> stuff2""",
     ]
r = re.compile(r"""
     <
     \s*
     # the tag name
     ([a-zA-Z_][-a-zA-Z0-9._]*
         # with optional namespace stuff
         (?: :[a-zA-Z_][-a-zA-Z0-9._]*)?)
     \s*
     (
         (?:
             # the attribute
             (?:[a-zA-Z_][-a-zA-Z0-9._]*
                 # with optional namespace stuff
                 (?: :[a-zA-Z_][-a-zA-Z0-9._]*)?)
             \s*
             =
             \s*
             (?:   # the attribute value
                     "[^"]*"|
                     '[^']*'|
                     [-.a-zA-Z0-9_/]+)
         \s*?
         )*
     )
     \s*
     /?
     \s*
     >
""", re.VERBOSE)

for test in examples:
     print repr(r.findall(test))


I'm sure there are characters that W3C defines as allowable
for tag names and the like that are skipped over here, but
the regexp should be fairly well commented here.

However, if you find some test cases that choke it, send 'em
my way and I'd be glad to massage the above to incorporate
them

 > And thanks for responding, I really do appreciate
 > discussing his stuff - I get better ideas of what I'm
 > doing, and on occasion why I'm doing it.

As they say, the better you understand it, the better you
can defend your decisions to use it.  When all you have is a
hammer (regexps or pyparsing alone), all the world looks
like a nail.  I wasn't convinced about pyparsing for a
while, when regexps were readily available and so default to
me (being a vim/sed user, they're part of everyday life).
Until I came across several classes of problem for which
regexps grew big and unweildy quite quickly, but that a
lex/yacc/parsing sort of solution solved elegantly--and more
importantly, in an understandible fashion.

 >>>> > Ah, it's exactly what I want!  I thought the left and
 >>>> > right sides of "|" are equal, but it is not true.
 >>
 >>>
 >>> In theory, they *should* be equal. I was baffled by the
 >>> nonparity of the situation.  You *should" be able to
 >>> swap the two sides of the "|" and have it treated the
 >>> same.  Yet, when I tried it with the above regexp,
 >>> putting the \S first, it seemed to choke and give
 >>> different results.  I'd love to know why.
 >>>
 >
 > Does the re do left-to-right matching?  If so, then the \S
 > will eat the opening parens/brackets, and never get into
 > the other alternative patterns.  \S is the most
 > "matchable" pattern, so if it comes ahead of the other
 > alternatives, then it will always be the one matched.  My
 > guess is that if you put \S first, you will only get the
 > contiguous character groups, regardless of ()'s and []'s.
 > The expression might as well just be \S+.

My understanding was that, with REs, it should try for the
longest match, even it if means backtracking to previously
possible patterns.  It's how it seems to work in Vim's
regexps.  Same with sed's.  I'm not sure why Python's REs
don't behave the same way. :(

 >>-tkc
 >
 > -- Paul   I put *two* dashes in front of my sig. :)

And a space!  A regular John Handcock of extravagance there.
:)  Laziness has me using a single dash with no space, and
using "tkc" rather than "tim" as there are already far too
many Tim's on the list.

-tkc





From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 31 10:57:08 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 16:57:08 +0200
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154055955.062530.158590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1154055104.777646.89270@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154055955.062530.158590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <eal5o3$ef3$1@sea.gmane.org>

Chaos wrote:

> I have tried PIL. Not only that, but the Image.eval function had no
> success either. I did some tests and I found out that Image.eval only
> called the function a certain number of times either 250, or 255.
> Unless I can find a working example for this function, its impossible
> to use.

you might have better success by asking questions about the problem 
you're trying to solve, rather than about some artifact of your first 
attempt to solve it...

the following PIL snippet locates the darkest pixel in an image in about 
0.5 milliseconds for a 200x200 RGB image, on my machine:

     im = im.convert("L") # convert to grayscale
     lo, hi = im.getextrema() # find darkest pixel value
     lo = im.point(lambda x: x == lo) # highlight darkest pixel value
     x, y, _, _ = lo.getbbox() # locate uppermost/leftmost dark pixel

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 12:27:43 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 18:27:43 +0200
Subject: Recursive function returning a list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8320.1153293287.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <e9gdpa$lhb$01$1@news.t-online.com>	<44bcd1d3$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>	<44bce562$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<44bcfe2d$1_7@news.bluewin.ch>	<44bd6a25$0$29983$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8320.1153293287.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44be5d80$0$21606$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steve Holden wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>> Boris Borcic a ?crit :
>>
>>> Hello Bruno,
>>>
>>> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> [...]
> 
>>>> Or how to *not* address the real problem...
>>>>
>>>> Boris, using a generator may be a pretty good idea, but *not* as a way
>>>> to solve a problem that happens to be a FAQ !-)
>>>
>>> Sorry, but I don't understand your reasoning.
>>
>>
>> It's quite simple. The OP's problem is well-known (it's a FAQ), and
>> easy to solve. The righ answer to it is obviously to give a link to
>> the FAQ 
>  
> So, why didn't you?
>
>> (or take time to re-explain it for the zillionth time), not to propose
>> a workaround.
>>
> Or did I miss something?

The fact that someone already did so ?


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Fri Jul 28 04:48:15 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 08:48:15 GMT
Subject: a print bug?
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980D5E504E731duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<1154060566.565622.130780@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980E63BB5D32Cduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

 wrote:

> 
> Duncan Booth wrote:
>> But you wouldn't complain about this would you?
>>
>> >>> print "%10.4f" % 1.23445
>>     1.2345
>> >>> print "%10.3f" % 1.23445
>>      1.234
>>
>> A value which is slightly than 1.2345 prints to 4 decimal places as
>> 1.2345 and to 3 decimal places as 1.234.
>>
>> That's all that happens with your value as well: 1.2345 is not
>> exactly representable as a floating point number, and the nearest
>> representable number is less than 1.2345.
> 
> This is the expected behavior though... even school when they first
> teach "rounding off", they will tell you 1.23445 rounding off to 3
> decimal places is not 1.235.... and i don't see anything weird about
> the two lines above.
> 
At least where I went to school they taught that the correct rounding was 
to the even digit, so 1.2335 and 1.2345 would both round to 1.234. 

However, that is irrelevant. The number in question here is 
1.2344999999999999 and however you were taught to round numbers that ought 
to round to 1.234 for 3 decimals, and 1.2345 for 4.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Sat Jul 15 03:47:15 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 09:47:15 +0200
Subject: math symbols not displaying
References: <yKudnR_gYLeH3CXZnZ2dnUVZ_qadnZ2d@insightbb.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.15.07.47.15.526590@gmx.net>

In <yKudnR_gYLeH3CXZnZ2dnUVZ_qadnZ2d at insightbb.com>, Andrew Dabrowski
wrote:

> I'm working on a simple Python program, with Tkinter, and I need to 
> display the math symbols for set union and intersection, in unicode 
> \N{N-ARY UNION} and \N{N-ARY INTERSECTION}. Everything was displaying 
> correctly (when I ran the program) until I changed my OS distribution 
> from SuSE to Ubuntu. Now those two symbols are not being displayed. I'm 
> not getting any error messages, there are simply blank spaces where the 
> symbols should be. Any ideas what the problem could be? I'm using Gnome 
> under Ubuntu 6.06.

The glyphs have to be present in the font that is used.  Fonts that should
contain almost all mathematical characters are in the `latex-xft-fonts`
package.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From darkbard at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 04:30:11 2006
From: darkbard at gmail.com (Gabriele *darkbard* Farina)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:30:11 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
In-Reply-To: <1153359381.357280.319190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153359381.357280.319190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153384211.050866.161810@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


faulkner wrote:
> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/496746
> When you think of modifying the interpreter, think of the compiler
> module.

This seems a good solutions. Does it works correctly and safely ?



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 05:13:55 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 02:13:55 -0700
Subject: Python CGI Scripting Documentation
In-Reply-To: <1151830721.864811.27530@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151830721.864811.27530@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151831635.067835.224150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Vlad Dogaru wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I would like to learn web scripting with Python (sure, everyone uses
> PHP, but I don't like the syntax and Python is more general-purpose
> and... well, I guess you people know the advantages better than me).
> Where can I get a thorough introduction to both CGI and using Python
> for CGI? That includes installing my own web server (at home, for
> testing) and starting from scratch (by that I mean I have near null
> experience with CGI).
>
> I have tried looking through the source code of MoinMoin, but it's just
> too advanced for me -- I simply don't know where to start. Right now,
> I'll take any and all suggestions. However, please suggest books or
> articles that are up-to-date on Python programming; I'd hate to see
> that I'm studying obsolete texts or the like.

Chapter 12 of Programming Python 2nd Edition by Mark Lutz



From larry.bates at websafe.com  Thu Jul 20 17:03:01 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 16:03:01 -0500
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153326984.931538.35740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44be5a3a$0$31776$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153326984.931538.35740@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44BFEF85.2050507@websafe.com>

I don't know if you saw my earlier post but something like
this has worked for me.

What about something like:

supply = supply()
compressor = compressor(supply)
combuster1= combuster(compressor)
combuster2= combuster(compressor)
compressor.append(combuster1)
compressor.append(combuster2)

or perhaps

compressor.extend([combuster1, combuster2])


turbine = turbine(combuster)
combuster.append(turbine)


If you implement .append and .extend methods
on your classes they will allow you to append single
downstream objects or extend with a list of them.
Just keep a list self.downstream and append/extend
it.  IMHO it makes what is going on intuitively obvious.

-Larry Bates

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> Bruno,
> 
> Thanks. An issue is that I need to be able to link multiple objects to
> a single object etc.
> Say for example using the previous wording, I might have compressor -
> multiple combustors - turbine
> 
> this complicates things slightly.
> 
> my current thought is to do a two stage initialisation
> 
> 1. create the objects
> compressor = compressor()
> combuster1 = combuster()
> combuster2 = combuster()
> 
> etc
> 
> 2. link them
> compressor.link(downstream = [combuster1, combuster2])
> combuster1.link(upstream = compressor)
> etc.
> 
> hmmmm I need to give it some more though, particularly how I solve all
> the linked objects (which is the point)
> 
> Dave
> 


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 16 04:54:50 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 18:54:50 +1000
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8222.1153034192.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152997939.907811.286360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8222.1153034192.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b9fedb@news.eftel.com>

On 16/07/2006 5:16 PM, Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Bill Pursell wrote:
> 
>> Some might argue that this is not really doing
>> it in Python.  In fact, I would argue that!  But if
>> you're at a command prompt and you want to
>> see line 7358, it's much easier to type
>> % sed -n 7358p

aarrbejaysus #1: You *don't* type the '%', you *do* need to specify an 
input file somehow.

>> than it is to write the python one-liner.
> 
> 'sed' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
> operable program or batch file.

aarrbejaysus #2: Download the installer from

     http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/sed.htm



From DustanGroups at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 17:37:31 2006
From: DustanGroups at gmail.com (Dustan)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 14:37:31 -0700
Subject: Grail not downloading
Message-ID: <1153690651.207921.168840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Does anybody know anything about Grail?  I've been  unable to get at
it, and I've tried on both Windows and Macintosh machines.

http://grail.sourceforge.net/



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:17:27 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:17:27 -0700
Subject: Functions and code objects
In-Reply-To: <Xns980DA280AB80Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
References: <1154003164.308402.88730@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154004538.919033.239190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154010797.498899.300090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DA280AB80Bduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
Message-ID: <1154017047.785587.196770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Duncan Booth wrote:
> Fuzzyman wrote:
[snip..]
>
> Does this do what you wanted? Instead of messing about with the code object
> just work out which values from the namespace the function actually
> expects.
>
> >>> def callfromnamespace(fn, namespace):
>     names = fn.func_code.co_varnames[:fn.func_code.co_argcount]
>     fn(**dict((name, namespace[name])
>         for name in names if name in namespace))
>
>
> >>> def f(x, y=99):
>     z = 2
>     print x, y, z
>
>
> >>> x = 42
> >>> callfromnamespace(f, globals())
> 42 99 2
> >>> y = 37
> >>> callfromnamespace(f, globals())
> 42 37 2
> >>> def testme():
>     x = 3
>     callfromnamespace(f, vars())
>     y = 9
>     callfromnamespace(f, vars())
>
>
> >>> testme()
> 3 99 2
> 3 9 2

Hmmm... it may do, thanks. :-)

I'll play around, and this may become a blog entry.

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 20:10:23 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 17:10:23 -0700
Subject: removing duplicates, or, converting Set() to string
In-Reply-To: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153956906.151893.251890@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153959023.928429.108120@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


maphew at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I have some lists for which I need to remove duplicates. I found the
> sets.Sets() module which does exactly this, but how do I get the set
> back out again?
>
> # existing input: A,B,B,C,D
> # desired result: A,B,C,D
>
> import sets
> dupes = ['A','B','B','C','D']
> clean = sets.Set(dupes)
>
> out = open('clean-list.txt','w')
> out.write(clean)
> out.close
>
> ---
> out.write(clean) fails with "TypeError: argument 1 must be string or
> read-only character buffer, not Set" and out.write( str(clean) )
> creates "Set(['A', 'C', 'B', 'D'])" instead of just A,B,C,D.
>
> thanks in advance for your time,
>
> -matt

Do ','.join(clean) to make a single string with commas between the
items in the set.  (If the items aren't all strings, you'll need to
convert them to strings first.)

Peace,
~Simon



From rganesan at myrealbox.com  Tue Jul 11 04:33:30 2006
From: rganesan at myrealbox.com (Ganesan Rajagopal)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 14:03:30 +0530
Subject: How to terminate a main script?
References: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>
Message-ID: <xkvhirm4wnfp.fsf@grajagop-lnx.cisco.com>

>>>>> Helmut Jarausch <jarausch at igpm.rwth-aachen.de> writes:

> Using sys.exit(0) produces an error message which looks dangerous to an
> uninitiated user.

What message? Your program should exit silently when you call sys.exit(0). 

Ganesan

-- 
Ganesan Rajagopal



From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Fri Jul 28 02:20:42 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 23:20:42 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154067642.859754.217340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

cygwin
http://www.cygwin.com/
try a few IDEs out to see which fits you best. IDLE ships with python,
and isn't significantly objectively worse than any other python IDE,
afaik.
GUI designers aren't necessary because there's usually so little
boilerplate code in any python toolkit, but, again, whatever works best
for you.
[wait, will you be running a GUI on a webhost?]
if you haven't selected a web framework, may i steer you towards
cherrypy? it stays out of your way more than any other web framework
i've tried. and i'm using it now to build a databased web-app for my
college.
http://www.cherrypy.org/


Vincent Delporte wrote:
> Hello
>
> I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
>
> What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> 
> Thank you.



From qrczak at knm.org.pl  Tue Jul 11 04:57:54 2006
From: qrczak at knm.org.pl (Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:57:54 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>

Chris Smith <cdsmith at twu.net> writes:

>> No what happens if right here you code
>>    b := 16;
>> 
>> Does that again change the type of "b"? Or is that an illegal 
>> instruction, because "b" has the "local type" of (18..22)?
>
> It arranges that the expression "b" after that line (barring further 
> changes) has type int{16..16}, which would make the later call to 
> signContract illegal.

The assignment might be performed in a function called there, so it's
not visible locally.

Propagating constraints from conditionals is not applicable to mutable
variables, at least not easily.

I think that constant bounds are not very useful at all. Most ranges
are not known statically, e.g. a variable can span the size of an
array.

-- 
   __("<         Marcin Kowalczyk
   \__/       qrczak at knm.org.pl
    ^^     http://qrnik.knm.org.pl/~qrczak/


From joncle at googlemail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:11:26 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:11:26 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154016686.383460.172770@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> // Curious class definitions
> class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
> class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};
>
> It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
> If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,
>
> not of the derived class.
> class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};
>

Hint: where's the template parameter gone as per the previous two
statements...

Jon.



From nephish at xit.net  Sun Jul 16 19:20:24 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 16:20:24 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153092024.448292.282640@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-16, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>
> > serverhost = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx'
> > serverport = 9520
> > aeris_sockobj = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
> > aeris_sockobj.connect((serverhost,serverport))
> >
> > while 1:
> >     do this or that with socket,
> >     send and receive info.
> >     yadda yadda yadda
> >
> > works well, but sometimes the server drops the connection. so,
> > what i need is something that will let me know if the
> > connection is still ok, if not will reconnect.
>
> If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
> socket will return an empty string "", and a send() on the
> socket will raise an exception.
>
> > what i thought, since it only lets you connect on a certain
> > port one at a time, that i could use a try-except to connect
> > every time, if it could not connect (because it already is)
> > then i would just continue on. But if it is not connected, it
> > would reconnect. that is what brings me here. Seems like it
> > would work, but is there a better way?
>
> I don't see why the normal send() and recv() semantics aren't
> sufficient.
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm an East Side
>                                   at               TYPE...
>                                visi.com



like this ?
databack = aeris_sockobj.recv(2048)
 if databack:
            view_msg = 'caught request acknowlage %s bytes \n' %
len(databack)
else:
            view_msg = 'fail to recieve data from aeris server\n'

then put the reconnect in the else: block ?

thanks


thanks



From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 22:50:02 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:50:02 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Chaos wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > Chaos wrote:
> > > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> > >
> > >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> > >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> > >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> >
> > OT: you don't need the 0 in the range call. Taking it out doesn't make
> > it run faster, though.
> >
> > >
> > > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> > >
> > > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
> > >
   > > > I have tried using SWIG, and pypy but they all are
unsuccessfull in
> > > compiling my files.
> >
> > Unsuccessful because .... what?
> > [I wasn't aware that swig was intended to compile Python scripts]
> >
> > Sticking with Python:
> > With the "for thisX" try
> > (1) using xrange instead of range.
> > (2)     widthRange = range(thisWidth)
> >          for thisY in range(thisHeight):
> >              for thisX in widthrange:
> > and in general, hoist loop-invariants outside the loop.
> >
> > Have you considered Pyrex?
> >
> > It all depends on what "#Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY" is doing.
> > Perhaps there is a library (PIL, pygame, ...) that does what you are
> > trying to do.
> > Perhaps if you show us what you are doing, we can give you better
> > advice.
> >
> > HTH,
> > John
>
> Nope still same speed. I also tried pyrex but I couldnt understand how
> to build pyx files. I didnt see how to set up the files using C. I
> wasnt sure if you were supposed use the example or build your own.
>
> With pypy I got a strange error trying to open py files. It said the
> first character of evey py file was unknown.
>
> I may try SWIG again becuase I fail to rememeber why I stopped using it.

With SWIG when I tried to execute ld -shared example.o example_wrap.o
-o _example.so  line in CMD I got example_wrap.o:example.o
:<.text+0x####>: undifned refrence to object

--Nick

Thank you but it didnt work, but I think I am getting somewhere because
I used your method and got 400 ms, I think that is something because I
used 2 loops

He is the code #Actions here

myCol = (0.3 * image.GetRed(thisX, thisY)) + (0.59 *
image.GetGreen(thisX, thisY)) + (0.11 * image.GetBlue(thisX, thisY))
if myCol < darkestCol:
   darkestCol = myCol
   possX = thisX
   possY = thisY



From gene.tani at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 21:36:09 2006
From: gene.tani at gmail.com (gene tani)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 18:36:09 -0700
Subject: python guru in the Bay Area
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7698.1151799686.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7698.1151799686.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151804169.167876.231380@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> is there someone in the Bay Area who knows python, that I can talk to ... I
> have the shell of a real basic app, and I'd like someone who can walk me
> through how to set it up.
>
> i'm talking about passing arrays, setting up global data, etc... basically,
> if i can create a shell for what i'm trying to create, i should be ok..
>
> lunch of course, would be on me!!
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce
>
> ps. yeah.. i know i could eventually figure most of this by
> searching/experimenting/etc... using google.. but i'd rather move as fast as
> possible.

I think the tutor list is good for this
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 18:08:33 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 15:08:33 -0700
Subject: httplib, threading, wx app freezing after 4 hours
References: <lt2dnY8eyaz511_ZnZ2dnUVZ_oWdnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1153606113.577285.171400@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Mark,

httplib will block waiting for a server connection. I am not sure if
that is your problem but you could try a quick and dirty workaround of
recording a timestamp of the last data transfer and then have a timer
in a separate thread and if too much time passed, restart the retrieval
thread and issue a warning.  Also check the memory on your machine in
case some buffer fills the memory up and the machine gets stuck.
To understand what's really happening try to debug the program. Try
Winpdb debugger you can find it here:
http://www.digitalpeers.com/pythondebugger/
Nick Vatamaniuc

Mark rainess wrote:
> The program displays images from a motion jpeg webcam.
> (Motion jpeg is a bastardization of multi-part mime.)
> <http://wp.netscape.com/assist/net_sites/pushpull.html>
>
> It runs perfectly for about 4 hours, then freezes.
> I'm stuck. How do I debug this?
>
> (Using: Python 2.4.3, wxPython 2.6.3.2, Windows 2000 and XP)
>
> There are no tracebacks, the gui continues to run,
> isAlive() and activeCount() indicate that the thread is OK,
> "print I'm alive" stops. CPU % usage is 0
>
> I figure it is hanging in r.readline() or f.read()
>
> Can anyone suggest techniques to help me learn what is going on.
>
> I'm using httplib.HTTP instead of httplib.HTTPConnection because
> I don't find that HTTPConnection has readline().
>
>
> Mark Rainess
>
>
> =========================================================
> class mjpeg_get(threading.Thread):
>      def run(self):
>          while 1:
>              while 1:
>                  # print I'm connecting
>                  h = httplib.HTTP(self.url)
>                  h.putrequest('GET','VIDEO.CGI')
>                  h.putheader('Accept','text/html')
>                  h.endheaders()
>                  if errcode == 200:
>                      f = h.getfile()
>                      break
>                  # cleanup and try again
>
>              s = cStringIO()
>              while 1:
>                  # print I'm alive
>                  try:
>                      # do f.readline() to get headers
>                      # get count from 'Content-length:'
>                      s.reset()
>                      s.write(f.read(count))
>                      s.truncate()
>                      wx.CallAfter(self.window.onUpdateImg, s)
>                      continue
>                  except:
>                      # print error
>                      # cleanup and try again
>                      break
>
> class Frame(wx.Frame):
>      def OnIdle(self, event):
>          # for debugging display result of
>          # Thread.isAlive()
>          # threading.activeCount()
>          if self.gotImage is True:
>              # do display self.sImage
>              self.gotImage = False
>      def onUpdateImg(self, parm):
>          if self.gotImage is False:
>              self.sImage.reset()
>              self.sImage.write(parm.getvalue())
>              self.sImage.truncate()
>              self.sImage.reset()
>              self.gotImage = True
> =========================================================



From rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de  Thu Jul  6 08:02:47 2006
From: rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de (Rolf Wester)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 14:02:47 +0200
Subject: Is there a Python __LINE__ ?
In-Reply-To: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>
References: <44acd828$1@news.fhg.de>
Message-ID: <44acfbf8@news.fhg.de>

Thank you very much for your help.

Regards

Rolf


From rainbow.cougar at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 09:45:34 2006
From: rainbow.cougar at gmail.com (rainbow.cougar at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 06:45:34 -0700
Subject: Newbie
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8134.1152810149.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<mailman.8134.1152810149.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152884734.588884.327310@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


St?phane ROCHOY wrote:
> Gueorgui Vaskes wrote:
> > Could anyone feel me in what do you mostly use python for?
> >
> >
> >
> > ___________________________________________________________
> > The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email address from your Internet provider. http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html
>
> An IMAP backup agent using AES encryption.

So far:
integrated circuit emulation
database interfaces
cellular automata
control systems for loosly coupled multiprocessing
generic shell scripting
torturing XEN
mapping software
system security

Curtis



From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Sun Jul  2 10:54:23 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 07:54:23 -0700
Subject: python guru in the Bay Area
References: <mailman.7698.1151799686.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e88mmv$sqg$1@panix3.panix.com>

In article <mailman.7698.1151799686.27775.python-list at python.org>,
bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:
>
>is there someone in the Bay Area who knows python, that I can talk to ... I
>have the shell of a real basic app, and I'd like someone who can walk me
>through how to set it up.

While I agree with all the other advice you've been given, if you really
want to try finding someone local:

http://baypiggies.net/
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"I saw `cout' being shifted "Hello world" times to the left and stopped
right there."  --Steve Gonedes


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 04:21:06 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 01:21:06 -0700
Subject: finding items that occur before or after an item in lists
Message-ID: <1152001266.740890.209820@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I've got a function that I'd like to improve.

It takes a list of lists and a "target" element, and it returns the set
of the items in the lists that appear either before or after the target
item.  (Actually, it's a generator, and I use the set class outside of
it to collect the unique items, but you get the idea. ;-) )

data = [
    ['this', 'string', 'is', 'nice'],
    ['this', 'string', 'sucks'],
    ['string', 'not', 'good'],
    ['what', 'a', 'string']
    ]

def f(target, ListOfLists):
    for N in ListOfLists:
        try:
            i = N.index(target)
        except ValueError:
            continue

        # item before target
        if i: yield N[i - 1]

        # item after target
        try:
            yield N[i + 1]
        except IndexError:
            pass

print set(n for n in f('string', data))

# Prints set(['this', 'not', 'is', 'sucks', 'a'])


Now, this works and normally I'd be happy with this and not try to
improve it unless I found that it was a bottleneck.  However, in this
case I know that when a try..except statement fails (i.e. executes the
except part of the statement) it's "slow", *and* I know that the real
list of lists will have many lists in it in which the target item does
not appear.

That means that the first try..except statement will be executing it's
except clause more than half the time, and probably *much* more than
half the time.

This little problem strikes me as one of those fun puzzles that are a
joy to solve in python, so rather than keep it to myself I thought I'd
post it here on c.l.p and see what folks could come up with.

I'm not so much looking for simple improvements like

def f(target, ListOfLists):
    for N in ListOfLists:
        if target not in N:
            continue
        i = N.index(target)
        # etc...

but rather cool, elegant, efficient, "pythonic" different ways to do
it.

I love these kinds of puzzles but I know the combined "might" of
comp.lang.python can come up with stuff I would never dream of, so, um,
here you go.

About the input data:
1) there are many lists, several hundred or thousand, perhaps even tens
of thousand
2) most of them will have less than 5 items, and almost all of them
less than 20, I don't know the maximum length but it will be less than
50 or so
3) The target occurs at most once in each list.  (*no* item is
duplicated within a single list, all elements of a list are unique to
that list but may recur in other lists)
4) *most* of the lists will not contain the target
5) The data are not static, but they do change less often than this
function will be called.  I don't know yet, but I'd say that this
function will be called maybe 10 times more often than the list of
lists will be modified.
6) Changes to the data will all be either adding or removing lists, the
lists themselves won't be modified.
7) The form of the data can be other than a list of lists, i.e. a set
of tuples, a list of tuples, a tuple of lists (although that would
require creating a new tuple when the data are modified, see 6)
whatever.
8) Building auxiliary data structures is fine (like a dict mapping
targets to lists they appear in, or to the sets that the function
returns ("memoizing")) but while speed is the main concern, memory
usage shouldn't be flagrant.  Changing the data should be fast, so
rebuilding the auxiliary data structures shouldn't be expensive


Let's see, I guess that's about it.  Thanks in advance.


Peace,
~Simon


--
"The history of mankind for the last four centuries is rather like that
of an imprisoned sleeper, stirring clumsily and uneasily while the
prison that restrains and shelters him catches fire, not waking but
incorporating the crackling and warmth of the fire with ancient and
incongruous dreams, than like that of a man consciously awake to danger
and opportunity."  --H. P. Wells, "A  Short History of the World"



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul  7 08:02:41 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 12:02:41 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44aceac2$0$22055$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneaqpd4.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7890.1152261832.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneasjb1.ioc.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-07, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Antoon "I'm no nincompoop, but I play one on the internet" Pardon wrote:
>
>> I don't see the contradiction. That Namespaces and names lookup are
>> fundamentel parts of the Python language, doesn't mean that 
>> the right behaviour can't be implemented in multiple ways and
>> doesn't contradict that a specific explanation depend on a specific
>> implementation instead of just on language definition.
>
> the behaviour *is* defined in the language definition, and has nothing 
> to do with a specific implementation.

As far as I can see I didn't write anything that contradicts this.
It is possible that at some point my choice of wording was bad
and that I gave the impression that i somehow wanted to contradict
this. If that happened my appologies.

> have you even read the language
> reference ?  do you even know that it exists ?

You mean this, I suppose:

http://docs.python.org/ref/naming.html

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 19:53:19 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 16:53:19 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <5tvzg.2557$W93.2381@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<5tvzg.2557$W93.2381@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154389999.452334.57030@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> Sorry forgot a few answers/comments:
>
> John Machin wrote:
> >**** SHOULD BE >=
> >currently add([6, 6], [4, 4] -> [10, 10]
>
> True, thanks
>
> > *** try - 10 instead of % 10
> > If the first operand is > 19, you have a bug!
> > This might save a few CPU cycles on your smartcard
>
> can it ? >

can WHAT do WHAT?

> each array value will be [0..9]

if so, you can use - 10 instead of %10
if not, then whatever produced your input has a bug

>
> >>**** SHOULD CHECK FOR CARRY AT END
> >>currently add([9], [8]) -> [7]
> >>should return [1, 7] or handle overflow somehow
>
> True, this actually should become an error from the card to the calling
> device. That would be a pretty large number though.
>
>
> >>**** MINUS ZERO?
> I just do not want to leave it at one(1) if it is.

The question is "what do you think you are achieving by having a  MINUS
sign in front of the zero instead of plain old ordinary zero?"



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul  5 12:14:29 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 18:14:29 +0200
Subject: EnhancedObject: Yet Another Python ORM (an RFC)
In-Reply-To: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152113120.248414.326690@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44abe566$0$7517$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

eduardo.padoan at gmail.com wrote:
> I have some ideas about a ORM design, but have no time to start its
> development.
> I used SQLObject, Django's Model, and looked at SQLAlchemy and Dejavu,
> an readed some thread in the last year or so.

Wouldn't it be better to try and make the relationel model directly
available into Python (which SQLAlchemy somewhat try to do AFAICT)
instead on insisting on 'domain-object'<->RDBMS tuple mapping ?

my 2 cents...

(snip)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 13:19:02 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 17:19:02 GMT
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
References: <mailman.7690.1151773248.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <a8ypg.171$9a3.91@trnddc07>

I want to access the mailbox move methods and thread unto 4 moves at once.
Currently I am access one move at a time via com but I would like to go a
little deeper and start researching threading and the code that is behind
the com. My use involves hundreds if not thousands of mailboxes over a short
period of time(weeks or maybe a month or so).  I could replicate threading I
guess by launching  multiply scripts on different modes but the logistics to
this approach is error pronded for a user prospective.
"Jean-Paul Calderone" <exarkun at divmod.com> wrote in message
news:mailman.7690.1151773248.27775.python-list at python.org...
> On Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:36:02 GMT, LittlePython <littlepython at lost.com>
wrote:
> >I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
> >example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
> >authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great as I
am
> >a "baby python" who is very green with threading..
>
> Threaded programming is extremely difficult.  Most good newbie
introductions
> to it consist of warnings not to use it.
>
> Do you have a particular application in mind?  Perhaps someone can suggest
> a more specific, simpler solution.
>
> Jean-Paul




From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 00:45:47 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 21:45:47 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153197947.429513.104940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
>
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
>
> OR
>
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()

I'm going to go against general opinion and suggest using "len(lst)>0",
though this is not a good example of why I think that.

In practice, I'd say the former is less generic.  No, that's not a
typo.

If you were to write a function that expects a list (and actually uses
the list interface, indexing and such, rather than merely passing it
off to another function), the function would almost certainly fail if
you were to pass in an integer or some other non-sequence type.
However, functions expecting a list have a decent chance of working if
you were to pass in a numpy array.

But if you were to write "if lst" instead of "if len(lst)>0", then
you've just ensured your function will fail for numpy arrays.  But you
get no benefit in genericity, because non-sequence types almost
certainly wouldn't work anyways.

Therefore, the only time I'd recommend using "if lst" is if all you're
doing is passing it to other functions.


Carl Banks



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sun Jul 23 04:17:08 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 08:17:08 GMT
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153488148.539121.93000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnec6c43.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-21, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> Regardless of whether myslice inherits from object or not, there's no
> persuading the interpreter that it is a genuine slice, and remember
> that we can't subclass slice (for some reason unknown). So, it would
> appear that the interpreter really wants instances from some specific
> set of types (presumably discoverable by looking at list_subscript in
> listobject.c) rather than some objects conforming to some interface or
> protocol, and perhaps it is implemented this way for performance
> reasons.
>
> In any case, in the core of Python some types/classes are more equal
> than others, and for whatever reason the duck typing breaks down - a
> case of "malbik endar" [1] that you just have to be aware of, I
> suppose.

Is there any chance this will iever change?

Is there any chance the start:stop:step notation will ever
be considered an atom?

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From salautom at hotmail.com  Fri Jul 14 23:34:41 2006
From: salautom at hotmail.com (salautom)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 05:34:41 +0200
Subject: Make Lots of Money Quick, Easy & LEGAL with Paypal
Message-ID: <OiZtg.68520$cS2.56608@aphrodite>


Make Lots of Money Quick, Easy & LEGAL with Paypal  
 
AS SEEN ON OPRAH!!  
 
PAYPAL VERIFIES THAT THIS $6 INVESTMENT SCHEME IS 100% LEGAL AND IS A BIG HIT THIS YEAR SEE  
 
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TAKES LOTS OF YOUR HARD EARNED MONEY; THIS IS A NO RISK INVESTMENT THAT WILL MAKE YOU  
 
THOUSANDS OF DOLLAR VERY EASILY AND QUICKLY. 
 
>From PayPal: 
 
"Dear Member, it has come to our attention that there 
is a PayPal scheme floating around at the moment you 
may have heard or seen the $6 scheme. You may have 
even taken part in it well we have been asked a lot of  
questions about this scheme the answer is yes it does  
work and yes it is safe to use providing you follow the  
rules it is legal and has made a big hit on the internet  
this year. If you would like to take part in this scheme  
or would like a bit more information then please see the  
attached file that was kindly donated to us. Thank you for 
using PayPal!" 
 
Get rid of student loans, get out of debt, make money to go traveling!!  
 
Making Money - This Really Works Keep in mind that everything stated below is 100% legal as stated by the U.S. Post Office (1-800-725-2161).  
A little while back, I was browsing through newsgroups, just like you are now, and came across an article similar to this that said you could make thousands of pounds within weeks with only an initial investment of $6.00! : Anyway it said that you have to send $1.00 to each of the following names on the list, stated at the end of this article using Paypal. You don't have to be preferred or verified to transfer and receive money, so you lose no money through transfers. Now honestly, what is six pounds, especially out of a Paypal account. In exchange you will make thousands in the first few months. You then place your own name and email address in the bottom of the list at #6, and post the article in at least 200 newsgroups. (There are thousands of newsgroups)  
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I know that you have seen this on Oprah or even received numerous messages about this simple program and have probably just deleted them, I know I have!  
But for some unknown reason this time I decided to give it a try.  
 
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By the end of the second week I had made a total of over $1,000.00! In the third week I had over $15,060.00 and it's still growing.  
This is now my fourth week and I have made a total of just over $26,000.00 and it's still coming in rapidly. It's certainly worth $6.00 and 6 minutes to send it out. This program WORKS, all you have to do is try it, and waste some pocket change. You could find six dollar lying around the house. There is absolutely nothing you could lose. Just follow the 3 basic steps below to make thousands in just a few days, weeks, or months, it all depends on how many posts of this letter you put in message boards or send as emails.  
 
Here's how it works: When you post 200 messages all over the internet, it is estimated that at least 15 people will respond and send you a $1.00. ($15.00) Those 15 will Post 200 Posts each and 225 people send you $1.00 ($225.00) Those 225 people Post 200 Posts each and 3,375 people send you $1.00 ($3,375.00) Those 3,375 post 200 posts each and 759,375 people send you $1.00 ($759,375.00) At this point your name drops off the list, but so far you have received $813,615.00. Note: I'm not saying this is going to make everyone 800 grand, but lets say even 1 person out of 200 tries this program, you are still going to make 50,000 pounds anywhere from 1 month to 6 months max!!!!!  
You can also copy this letter and email it to some of your friends and associates, it's a guarantee that some of them will be interested and give it a go, the more that do the more you make.  
 
INSTRUCTIONS 1. Immediately send $1.00 to each of the six people on the list using Paypal, and in the comment (Subject) section type "Please add me to your list". Below are the emails that you transfer the money into:  
 
Paypal accounts to send 1 dollar to :  
 
1) love-1987-blond at hotmail.com
2) apple-intel-fan at hotmail.com
3) richardschoofs at mac.com
4) moomansion at moomansion.karoo.co.uk
5) aazzaad1 at yahoo.co.uk
6) salautom at hotmail.com

2.After sending the money to the first 6 people on the list, you can remove the name next to the #1 on the list and move the rest of the names up one position (#2 becomes #1, #3 becomes #2, etc?) Then place your name in the #6 position. Then save it.  
 
3. When you have completed the instructions, take this letter and then go to (Google, Yahoo,...)  
and type in (Making Money Message board, Money Message Board, Money Forum, Free money Forum, or anything along those lines that are forums) and start posting your copy of this message at least 200 times, to as many unique message boards as you can, or more. The more times you post this at a unique board, the more money you will make.  
You can email your message to as many people you can but remember, the more you post and email the more money you make!  
Keep a copy of this letter so you can use it a second time. Post it out again in six months, but Post it with  
the addresses you receive with each pound. It will work better the second time. Estimates are at 20,000 to 50,000 new users, every day, with thousands of those joining the actual Internet. Remember, play FAIRLY and HONESTLY and this will work.  
If you don't have a paypal account you can copy the link below and follow the instructions. It's totally secure, costs you nothing to set-up and is a very useful way of transferring and more importantly receiving money. You will be amazed every time you check your account to see how much money has been paid into it, and this money goes straight in without any deductions. To sign up for Paypal follow this link, just make sure that you use the same email address for your paypall account that you put in this list, that's how your payments are made. https://www.paypal.com/uk/mrb/pal=B3WZU7GC4UWKU  
 
4. This program remains successful because of the honesty and integrity of the participants. Please continue its success by carefully adhering to the instructions. In this business your product is not solid and tangible,  
it?s a service. You are in the business of developing Mailing Lists. Many large corporations are happy to pay big bucks for quality lists. However, the money made from the mailing lists is secondary to the income which is made from people like you and me asking to be included in that list.  
 
5. This is perfectly legal! If you have any doubts, refer to #####le 18 Sec.  
1302 & 1241 of the Postal Lottery laws. Keep a copy of these steps for yourself and, whenever you need money, you can use it again and again.  
This is the biggest growing internet money making scheme on the net, you will see that as you post your letter to the message boards, but that just  
proves how successful it really is.  
 
6. Good luck, don't forget to follow the instructions correctly and spend the money wisely!!

Aza



From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  9 12:33:57 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sun, 9 Jul 2006 09:33:57 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02> <1152455761.317770@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1hi7blz.kzl65rthsx7lN%aleax@mac.com>

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS <alien at ath.forthnet.gr> wrote:

> I thank everybody for your replies.
> I think I'll get Hertland's book since it's newer than O'reillys.
> I don't want to become a programmer. Neither Python is part of my studies.
> I've finished with my studies. I want to become a Unix/Linux admin and
> knowledge of either Python or Perl is an asset.

Knowledge of _both_ languages is even better for this specific task:
many existing sysadm scripts are in Perl, and you may well be working
side by side with other, more senior admis who are dyed-in-the-wool Perl
hackers (since Perl is so very popular with that crowd).

> Do you think that this book is the right one for me?

Actually, particularly if you have any interest at all in possibly
working in a mixed-platforms environment (including some Macs and/or
Windows boxes as well as Linux), you might be better served by
<http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/perlsysadm/> -- at least if you accept
my suggestion to get SOME familiarity with Perl as well as with Python.

Yes, Perl IS harder to learn, BUT -- if you've already decided to learn
both languages, starting with the harder one need not be a bad idea (the
Romans' legions, back when they were the best soldiers in the world,
trained with armor and weapons *heavier* than the ones they actually
used in the field -- being used to heavier stuff gave them more agility
and stamina when it most mattered, in battle and on long marches!-).


Alex


From sekhon.hari at googlemail.com  Sun Jul 23 13:14:18 2006
From: sekhon.hari at googlemail.com (Hari Sekhon)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 17:14:18 +0000
Subject: cherrypy tracing back all the time
In-Reply-To: <d77b42b30607230959g7dd7668coe8c85718fabf0e16@mail.gmail.com>
References: <d77b42b30607230959g7dd7668coe8c85718fabf0e16@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <d77b42b30607231014x23531c1er331ecb862407730e@mail.gmail.com>

On 23/07/06, Hari Sekhon <sekhon.hari at googlemail.com> wrote:
>
> I've got a very simple script with cherrypy but for some reason the
> cherrypy server is constantly tracing back but it stays up, kind of, the
> performance etc though shows that something is wrong.
>
> import cherrypy
> import threading
>
> def someFunc():
>     while 1:
>         print "working"
>
> threading._start_new_thread( someFunc , () )
>
> class someClass():
>     def index(self):
>         test="this is a test"
>         return test
>     index.exposed=True
>
> cherrypy.root=someClass()
> cherrypy.config.update( file="cherrypyconfig.txt" )
> cherrypy.server.start()
>
>
> The tracebacks I get are:
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 242, in run
>     request.parse_request()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgiserver.py", line
> 134, in parse_request
>     method,path,version = request_line.strip().split(" ", 2)
> ValueError: need more than 1 value to unpack
> 2006/07/23 17:58:46  INFO Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpwsgi.py", line 110,
> in wsgiApp
>     environ['wsgi.url_scheme'],
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cpserver.py", line 227,
> in request
>     requestLine, headers, rfile, scheme)
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cphttptools.py", line
> 181, in __init__
>     self.parseFirstLine()
>   File "/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/cherrypy/_cphttptools.py", line
> 223, in parseFirstLine
>     request.method, path, request.protocol = request.requestLine.split()
> ValueError: too many values to unpack
>
>
> I don't understand, all I've asked the stupid cherrypy thing to do is to
> print one line...
>


Ok, when the somefunc() that is executed by threading runs, it doesn't cause
the tracing back I showed above, it occurs only when I use one of the other
two functions I have in it's place in the script via threading. The thing
is, those other two functions both use try excepts inside to make sure there
are no exceptions generated beyond the internal function, and neither of
those functions can touch anything to do with the class used as the index of
the cherrypy document root.

What is going on?
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From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 13 11:33:12 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 15:33:12 GMT
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8126.1152801520.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu><mailman.8122.1152799515.27775.python-list@python.org>	<gDstg.2471$No6.49969@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8126.1152801520.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <YIttg.2473$No6.50094@news.tufts.edu>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> windows doesn't care about the #! line, so you'd have to run the
> scripts as e.g.
> 
>     e:\py24\python.exe myscript.py
> 
>> Is this what exemaker takes care of?
> 
> exemaker simply maps
> 
>     foobar.exe
> 
> to
> 
>     python.exe foobar.py
> 
> and uses the #! line plus a bunch of heuristics to locate the various parts
> of the Python install.
> 
> you can of course use BAT-files as well (but exemaker EXE's look like
> real applications if you look at them in the task manager).
> 
>> Is it possible to *not* use exemaker, but still run scripts from the stick
> 
> sure (using the explicit "python.exe scriptfile" form).
> 
> </F> 
> 
> 
> 
Thanks a lot for the help! I'll look into this.


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 13:33:30 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 19:33:30 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e93bp7$b3f$1@sea.gmane.org>

Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:

> If you don't really want to store the keys, just use
> dic[hash(key)]=value, this way the dictionary will have the same shape
> and distribution of keys as dic[key]=value because
> hash('abc')=hash(hash('abc'))  but the long string of actual keys are
> not referenced by the dictionary.

how come you're so sure that there will never be any collisions ?

</F>



From http  Mon Jul  3 05:38:45 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:38:45 GMT
Subject: how to stop python...
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44a8d655$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1151916822.639226.130570@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xr713uixl.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com" <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> writes:
> Wow, so many people with the same solution... where's the creativity
> folks?
> 
> Whenever sys.exit() doesn't work for me, I find that a good solid thump
> on the side of the computer case with a large mallet tends to do the
> job.  And there's always threatening the computer with a degaussing gun!

http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&atid=105470&aid=502236&group_id=5470


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Mon Jul  3 05:03:15 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:03:15 -0700
Subject: PyPy and constraints
In-Reply-To: <1151879354.420683.18460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151836641.760950.46510@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1151862180.775233.270610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151879354.420683.18460@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151917395.246480.256620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:
> Ziga Seilnacht wrote:
> > Paddy wrote:
> > > I followed the recent anouncement of version 0.9 of PyPi and found out
> > > that there was work included on adding constraint satisfaction solvers
> > > to PyPy:
> > >   http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/howto-logicobjspace-0.9.html
> > >
> > > I was wondering if this was a possibiity for "mainstream" python, and
> > > wether the the algorithms used could handle the kind of use mentioned
> > > here:
> > >
> > > http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/d297170cfbf1bb34/d4773320e3417d9c?q=constraints+paddy3118&rnum=3#d4773320e3417d9c
> > >
> > > Thanks, Paddy.

- P.S. Constrained random techniques are also used for testing
software, e.g: http://www.yendor.com/testing/



From n8pease at yahoo.com  Wed Jul  5 17:49:06 2006
From: n8pease at yahoo.com (nate)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 14:49:06 -0700
Subject: SWIG, C++, and Mac OS X
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7817.1152115014.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7817.1152115014.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152136146.858375.315430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

why are you modifying your setup.py file? can't you just run:
swig -c++ -python exampleFile.i
?

have you seen http://www.swig.org/tutorial.html , does it describe
something like what you'd like to do?

n



From duncan.booth at invalid.invalid  Tue Jul 18 11:21:50 2006
From: duncan.booth at invalid.invalid (Duncan Booth)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 15:21:50 GMT
Subject: unicode html
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns98045B3316F93duncanbooth@127.0.0.1>
	<slrnebpu4f.5q3.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <Xns9804A673C7D9Cduncanbooth@127.0.0.1>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Duncan Booth enlightened us with:
>> Don't bother using named entities. If you encode your unicode as
>> ascii  replacing all non-ascii characters with the xml entity
>> reference then your pages will display fine whatever encoding is
>> specified in the HTTP headers.
> 
> Which means OP can't use Unicode/UTF-8 entity references, since that's
> not specified in the HTTP header.
> 
That doesn't matter, character references are not affected by the network 
encoding.

>From http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/charset.html#h-5.3.1

> 5.3.1 Numeric character references
> 
> Numeric character references specify the code position of a character
> in the document character set. 

The character references use the *document character set*, which is 
independant of the character encoding used for network transmission. This 
is defined for HTML as ISO10646, and (section 5.1) "The character set 
defined in [ISO10646] is character-by-character equivalent to Unicode 
([UNICODE])".


From bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:01:46 2006
From: bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:01:46 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153915047.084164.175160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153947043.127098.249720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153956281.992203.160980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153988062.003228.171660@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153991252.126476.153040@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154019706.246662.172610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
> thebjorn wrote:
[...]
> > You give a good argument that the concept of a month is fuzzy
>
> Sorry,  I can't imagine where you got "fuzzy" from. Perhaps you mean
> some other word. The concept is capable of being expressed precisely.

and the second to last date in January plus a month is..?

> > > Sorry, I don't understand. Why are you speechless? What would I want to
> > > use the calendar module for? Apart from the leap() function and the
> > > table of days in a month, the calendar module doesn't have any of the
> > > functionality that one would expect in a general-purpose date class.
> >
> > Well, I thought replacing a 4 line function with 31 lines, 13 of which
> > duplicated functionality in the standard library was overkill.
>
> I think you missed the point that the lines I quoted were straight out
> of a self-contained library that existed (in C as well as Python) way
> before the datetime module was a gleam in Fred & the timbot's eyes.

I'm guessing you missed that I was looking for a method in the stdlib
to do this, and failing that an idiomatic solution...

> Even if I had noticed a leap year function in the calendar module, I
> would probably not have used it. The Python version of the module was
> just a stopgap while I fiddled with getting a C extension going. The C
> leap year function doesn't have any of that modulo stuff in it.

I'm sure it doesn't. You might want to look at the assembly your C
compiler produces for a modulo-power-of-2 operation...

> > I came up with this yesterday which seems sufficient?
> >
> >     def yeardiff(a, b):
> >       y = a.year - b.year
> >       if (a.month, a.day) < (b.month, b.day): # tuple comparison
> >           y -= 1
> >       return y
>
> At least it doesn't blow up when b is leapyear-02-29. It just gives the
> wrong answer when a is nonleapyear-02-28. E.g. it gives 0 years
> difference  from 1992-02-29 to 1993-02-28 instead of 1.

I believe you're mistaken (but feel free to correct me), my grandmother
is born on Feb 29 and a quick call to my dad verified that they
celebrated it the day after the 28th (unless Mar 1 was a Monday ;-).
http://timeanddate.com/date/duration.html also seem to agree with my
current understanding, just as a datapoint if nothing else.

-- bjorn



From joncle at googlemail.com  Fri Jul  7 13:57:18 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 10:57:18 -0700
Subject: IRC questions!!
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7907.1152294632.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7907.1152294632.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152295038.062468.190180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


bruce wrote:
> hi...
>
> i'm trying to figure out what i have to do to setup mIRC to get the #python
> channel on IRC!!
>
> any pointers. the mIRC docs didn't get me very far.
>
> is there an irc.freenode.net that i need to connect to? how do i do it?
>
> thanks..
>
> -bruce

Assuming you're familiar with the basics of IRC.

In mIRC, File->Select Server->Add, enter "Freenode" as description,
enter "irc.freenode.net" as server. Leave the port as 6667, then change
it later if server supports other ports.

Click connect to server.

Cheers,

Jon.



From rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de  Wed Jul 12 05:21:59 2006
From: rossberg at ps.uni-sb.de (Andreas Rossberg)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:21:59 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <KSSsg.307978$8W1.277237@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
References: <MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>
	<C1Psg.56632$181.30396@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<tog7b2te7ck12cv35l4b3dm2visfrtevgp@4ax.com>
	<KSSsg.307978$8W1.277237@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <e92evn$a11al$1@hades.rz.uni-saarland.de>

David Hopwood wrote:
> George Neuner wrote:
>>
>>All of this presupposes that you have a high level of confidence in
>>the compiler.  I've been in software development for going in 20 years
>>now and worked 10 years on high performance, high availability
>>systems.  In all that time I have yet to meet a compiler ... or
>>significant program of any kind ... that is without bugs, noticeable
>>or not.
> 
> [...]
> 
> One of the main reasons for this, IMHO, is that many compilers place too
> much emphasis on low-level optimizations of dubious merit. For C and
> Java, I've taken to compiling all non-performance-critical code without
> optimizations, and that has significantly reduced the number of compiler
> bugs that I see. It has very little effect on overall execution performance
> (and compile times are quicker).
> 
> I don't think that over-complex type systems are the cause of more than a
> small part of the compiler bug problem. In my estimation, the frequency of
> bugs in different compilers *for the same language* can vary by an order of
> magnitude.

Also, the use of typed intermediate languages within the compiler might 
actually help drastically cutting down on the more severe problem of 
code transformation bugs, notwithstanding the relative complexity of 
suitable internal type systems.

   - Andreas


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Wed Jul  5 16:37:13 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 22:37:13 +0200
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.05.17.50.04.198377@gmx.net>
	<1152129699.767746.73490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ac21cd$0$30422$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

madpython a ?crit :
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
>>In <1152117913.457095.306480 at p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>, madpython
>>wrote:
>>
>>
>>No it's not the normal way.  Why don't you give `c` as argument to the
>>`interClassCall()`?
>>
>>class B(object):
>>    def interClassCall(self, c):
>>        print c.a.a()
>>
>>class C(object):
>>    def __init__(self):
>>        self.a=A()
>>        self.b=B()
>>    def c(self):
>>        self.b.interClassCall(self)
>>
>>Much less magic involved this way.
> 
> As far as I remember what you suggest would be perfect solution for
> Java. 

And for any other language, be it OO, functional or strictly procedural.

> In other words it's a matter of getting a reference to "a"
> (the instance of class A) and your variant just one of the others
> possible. Maybe I came up with not very good example, so maybe I try to
> explain it verbally.
> As I already have written I play with Tkinter and make an application
> that does some stuff. It uses dynamic GUI building depending on data it
> process. Also one of the requriments is to separate the program logic
> from GUI.

Separating program logic from presentation is not excuse to write bad code.

> Here is a short illustration:
> 
> ...
> 	self.b=Tkinter.Button(root,txt="Button",command=self.doSmth).pack()
> 	self.l=Tkinter.Label(root,txt="default").pack()
> def doSmth(self):
> 	var=globals()["m"].__dict__["progLogic"].func("some
> input")

Yuck++



> 	self.l.config(txt=var)
> 	self.l.update_idletasks()
> ...
> I guess it's all correct

It's an horror.

> or at least it close to what I work on. What
> do you think?

I think that it's an horror.

> If I may I'd say it again that GUI is built according by
> the data that's passed by the "thinking" part of the program

It's not "passed".

> so I
> don't necessary know what it is

What is polymorphism for ?

> (can only guess)

You don't have anything to guess. Just to learn what "design" means.

> and that's why passing
> references as an argument doesn't seem possible.

Then you have a problem with your design. FWIW, decoupling presentation 
from program logic is nothing new - it has been solved *many* years ago. 
Google for MVC.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 27 16:44:54 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 20:44:54 GMT
Subject: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
Message-ID: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>

My code is below. The main focus would be on the OnStart method. I want 
to make sure that a positive integer is entered in the input box. At 
first I tried an if/else clause, then switched to try/except. Neither is 
perfect yet, but I was wondering which I should try for in the first 
place. I figure I need to check for an emptry string, non-numeric 
strings (maybe these are the same check), 0 and negative numbers (which 
might also fall into the category of 'anything but a number' because of 
the negative sign).

Thanks.

-------------------------------

import wx


class MyTimer(wx.Frame):

     def __init__(self):
         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY, 'Timer',
                           style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ 
wx.RESIZE_BORDER ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX)
         panel = wx.Panel(self)

         mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
         inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

         self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
         self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Enter a time.')
         prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time to wait:')
         self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, size=(20, 20))
         self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
         self.reset = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Reset')
         self.reset.Disable()
         self.timer = wx.Timer(self)

         mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL ^ 
wx.BOTTOM,
                       border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 
border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM, 
border=10)
         inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.LEFT | 
wx.RIGHT,
                        border=5)
         inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(self.reset, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)

         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnStart, self.input)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnReset, self.reset)

         panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
         mainSizer.Fit(self)

     def OnStart(self, event):
         try:
             self.time = int(self.input.GetValue())
             self.minutes_passed = 1
             self.minutes_remaining = self.time - 1
             self.start.Disable()
             self.input.Disable()
             self.reset.Enable()
             self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) remaining.' % self.time)
             self.timer.Start(1000)
         except ValueError:
             wx.MessageBox('Enter a valid time.', 'Invalid time entered',
                           wx.OK | wx.ICON_ERROR)
             self.input.Clear()

     def OnReset(self, event):
         if self.timer.IsRunning():
             self.timer.Stop()
         self.input.Clear()
         self.input.Enable()
         self.start.Enable()
         self.reset.Disable()
         self.status.SetLabel('Enter a new time.')
         self.progress.SetValue(0)
         self.minutes_passed = 1

     def OnTimer(self, event):
         if self.minutes_remaining != 0:
             self.progress.SetValue(self.minutes_passed * (100.0 / 
self.time))
             self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) remaining.' % 
self.minutes_remaining)
             self.minutes_passed += 1
             self.minutes_remaining -= 1
         else:
             self.timer.Stop()
             self.progress.SetValue(self.minutes_passed * (100.0 / 
self.time))
             self.status.SetLabel('%s minute(s) have elapsed.' % self.time)
             wx.Sound.Play(wx.Sound(r'C:\Windows\Media\notify.wav'))


class MyApp(wx.App):

     def OnInit(self):
         frame = MyTimer()
         self.SetTopWindow(frame)
         frame.Show()
         return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = MyApp(False)
     app.MainLoop()


From dpickles at pacbell.net  Tue Jul 18 21:13:40 2006
From: dpickles at pacbell.net (dylpkls91)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 18:13:40 -0700
Subject: XMLRPC Solution Code
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153169166.278862.293130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8283.1153204383.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153206890.708030.210920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153271620.741444.13810@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Frank Millman wrote:
> I use something called 'srvany' -
>    http://support.microsoft.com/kb/q137890/

I am familiar with srvany. Seems like it is a whole bunch easier than
the PyWin32 stuff.

I'll write a wrapper script that can be used like this:
createservice.py -myservicename -myservicepath
or like this:
import createservice
createservice.install_if_needed("myservicename", "myservicepath")


I'll have my XMLRPC programcall createservice.py's install_if_needed
method.
There you have it: a foolproof, automatic, no-hassle service. Thanks
Frank!



From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Mon Jul 10 21:25:15 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 01:25:15 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> At the same time, though, maybe I do want 
> the compiler to infer that tax cannot be negative (or maybe it can; I'm 
> not an accountant; I know my tax has never been negative), [...]

Tax can be negative, e.g. when a business is claiming back VAT (sales tax)
on its purchases, but the things it is selling have lower-rated or zero
VAT (or it is making a loss).

> Note that even without encapsulation, the kind of typing information 
> we're looking at can be very non-trivial in an imperative language.  For 
> example, I may need to express a method signature that is kind of like 
> this:
> 
> 1. The first parameter is an int, which is either between 4 and 8, or 
> between 11 and 17.
> 
> 2. The second parameter is a pointer to an object, whose 'foo' field is 
> an int between 0 and 5, and whose 'bar' field is a pointer to another 
> object with three fields 'a', 'b', and 'c', each of which has the full 
> range of an unconstrained IEEE double precision floating point number.
> 
> 3. After the method returns, it will be known that if this object 
> previously had its 'baz' field in the range m .. n, it is now in the 
> range (m - 5) .. (n + 1).
> 
> 4. After the method returns, it will be known that the object reached by 
> following the 'bar' field of the second parameter will be modified so 
> that the first two of its floating point numbers are guaranteed to be of 
> the opposite sign as they were before, and that if they were infinity, 
> they are now finite.
> 
> 5. After the method returns, the object referred to by the global 
> variable 'zab' has 0 as the value of its 'c' field.
> 
> Just expressing all of that in a method signature looks interesting 
> enough.  If we start adding abstraction to the type constraints on 
> objects to support encapsulation (as I think you'd have to do), then 
> things get even more interesting.

1 and 2 are easy enough. 3 to 5 are best expressed as assertions rather
than types.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From donn at u.washington.edu  Wed Jul 19 16:45:22 2006
From: donn at u.washington.edu (Donn Cave)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:45:22 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <donn-B03ED8.13452219072006@gnus01.u.washington.edu>

In article <e9ksvr$g8u$1 at news.albasani.net>,
 Georg Brandl <g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net> wrote:
> Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:

> > One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
> > type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary values
> > can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit comparison
> > if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.
> 
> You can do that, but it's not considered Pythonic. And it might be 
> ineffective.
> 
> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
> this?

I don't know whether she would welcome this or not, but here
I provide an archive link to a classic post by Laura Creighton
on this matter:

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/2de5e1c8384c0360

It's lengthy but very readable, and for me it has that quality of
exposition where you feel at first reading as though you had
already known all that -- even if you really hadn't.

But I don't know where she is today, or the Python she was
writing about.

   Donn Cave, donn at u.washington.edu


From darkbard at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 19:46:13 2006
From: darkbard at gmail.com (Gabriele *darkbard* Farina)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 16:46:13 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
In-Reply-To: <7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153352773.212473.22590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Using a separate interpreter could be a solution, but restarting any
time the interpreter give me too much overhead and the application will
work as slow as a CGI app even if it runs using FastCGI.

Can't I put the interpreter to the starting state any time it finishes
a script execution without restarting it ?

The first attempt to reach my goal was to override the __import__
function to limit it working on modules that can be used and on custom
import directories that can be accessed. Then I executed the scripts
using exec. There is any security problem related to this solution ?

The other problem is about limiting accessible resources ...

Gabriele



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Mon Jul  3 12:50:04 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 11:50:04 -0500
Subject: conecting with a MsAcces DB by dao
In-Reply-To: <44a94149$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
References: <1151650208.783778.186690@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1151655436.083906.143380@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1151663549.731904.259030@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1151665145.582514.262970@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1151671163.810358.215630@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1151675158.630796.151270@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<1151911722.223316.111110@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44a94149$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <44A94ABC.1020907@tim.thechases.com>

>> , Access can retrieves a not empty recordset but my python code
>> retrieves a empty recordset.
> 
> Which is exactly what it _should_ return on that query, unless you have
> records with "e*" in column field1.
> 
> The proper SQL clause is:
> 
>      ... WHERE field1 LIKE 'e*' ...


which would also return an empty recordset unless the OP has 
records with "e*" in column field1...

the proper SQL clause would be

	... WHERE field1 LIKE 'e%' ...

(in SQL, the "%" and "_" are used as wildcards, not asterisk and 
question-mark respectively as they are in most shell expansions)

:)

-tkc





From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Tue Jul  4 06:14:18 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 05:14:18 -0500
Subject: style question
In-Reply-To: <449FA3EF.7010508@gmail.com>
References: <449FA3EF.7010508@gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44AA3F7A.5000102@anansispaceworks.com>

Hari Sekhon wrote:
 > Is it better to do:
>  message = """This is line1. This is line2 This is line3\n"""
>
>  or
>
>  message = "This is line1.\n message = message + "This is line2\n"
>  message = message + "This is line3\n"
>
>  Since the first method does not follow python's clean and easy
>  looking indentation structure but the second just looks crude and
>  ugly anyway.
>
>  If I indent the first version so the text is lined up to match code
>  indentation then this comes out in the input and isn't aligned there.

There's this approach, too:

from textwrap import dedent

message = dedent(
                      """
                      This is line1.
                      This is line2
                      This is line3
                      """)

The dedent function strips out leading whitespace shared
by all lines in the string.

Cheers,
Terry

-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul  6 21:34:45 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 18:34:45 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152226068.636740.241630@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152182086.823499.272220@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152226068.636740.241630@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152236084.932637.55040@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


gel wrote:

> placid wrote:
>
> > gel wrote:
> > > placid wrote:
> > >
> > > > gel wrote:
> > > > > gel wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > > Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> > > > > > this to python?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > strComputer = "."
> > > > > > Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
> > > > > >     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> > > > > > "\root\cimv2")
> > > > > > Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
> > > > > >     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
> > > > > >         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> > > > > > i = 0
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Do While i = 0
> > > > > >     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
> > > > > >     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> > > > > > Loop
> > > > >
> > > > > A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
> > > > > from vbs wmi to python wmi?
> > > >
> > > > Dont know about converting vbs to python but using Tim Golden's wmi
> > > > module to trap the event of a new process starting is easy.
> > > >
> > > > wmi module can be found at http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html
> > > >
> > > > >>>  import wmi
> > > > >>>  c = wmi.WMI()
> > > > >>>  watcher = c.watch_for (
> > > > >>>       notification_type="Creation"
> > > > >>>       wmi_class="Win32_Process"
> > > > >>>       delay_secs=2,
> > > > >>>       Name='calc.exe'
> > > > >>>  )
> > > > >>>  calc_created = watcher ()
> > > > >>>  print calc_created
> > > >
> > > > and if you want to trap closing down of processes then change
> > > > notification_type to "Deletion"
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > -Cheers
> > >
> > > Great, thanks for that, where did you find details on using it.  I am
> > > already using it for another part, but could not find information on
> > > watching processes start and stop.
> >
> > >>>  c=wmi.WMI()
> > >>>  help(c)
> >
> > ive been using the wmi module for 1.5 months and i had some help from
> > the author of the module (Tim Golden).
>
> Do you have any docs that might help me?


What would be the best way to watch for multiple pieces of software at
the same time, eg. watching for the start up of calc.exe notepad.exe.
Or even how could I query what the value of the attribute Name is equal
to in the object calc_created from the example above?



From gert365 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 14:52:21 2006
From: gert365 at yahoo.com (gert365 at yahoo.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 11:52:21 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
Message-ID: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


I'm working on a scirpt to be used on a windows machine and I need to
automate a user's input on the command prompt.  For example I'm using
os.system('mycommand') to excute the commands I want.  However some of
these command will prompt for a confirmation of yes or no from user.
Is there anything in python that will allow my script to automate these
input
Another example is let  say if i type "format c:\" on the command
prompt it will warn me and ask me to type 'y' to continue.  I can use
the os.system to automate the "format c:\" but is there a way to
automate the 'y' input part.  I try searching for help on the Interent
but cant seem find any info on how to do this with Python.  Can someone
give me some confirmation if what I want to do is possible or not.
Thanks in advance for any help.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 12 12:00:50 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:00:50 +0200
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4hkdkgFb8lU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8079.1152717653.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4hkkl9F15h8U2@uni-berlin.de>

> rlcompleter is overrated, and only works on Unix/Linux/etc.
> 
> IDLE's interpreter has an auto-completion extension, which is bundled in
> Python2.5.

I don't use idle, and don't want to. So for me rlcomlpeter2 is a good thing.
And under windows, it at least works under cygwin.

Diez



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Wed Jul 19 16:05:59 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 06:05:59 +1000
Subject: Weird MemoryError issue
In-Reply-To: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153324701.599726.167760@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be90a7@news.eftel.com>

On 20/07/2006 1:58 AM, jedi200581 at yahoo.co.uk wrote:
> Hi,
> 
>   I'm new at python as I just started to learn it, but I found out
> something weird. I have wrote a little program to compute Mersenne
> number:
> 
> # Snipet on
> def is_prime n:

Syntax error. Should be:
    def is_prime n:

>   for i in range(2, n):
>     if (n % i) == 0:
>       return 0
>   else:
>       return 1
> 
> for a in range(2, 10000000):
>   if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))

Syntax error (missing :)

>     print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
> # Snipet off
> 
> This program raise MemoryError. But this one:
> 
> # Snipet on
> def is_prime n:
>   for i in range(2, n):
>     if (n % i) == 0:
>       return 0
>   return 1 # the change is here
> 
> for a in range(2, 10000000):
>   if (is_prime(a) and is_prime(2**a-1))
>     print 2**a-1, " is a prime number"
> # Snipet off
> 
> Does not! Why ??

Neither of the above compiles without error. You may regard this as a 
novel suggestion (it's not), but try pasting the actual code that you ran.

When corrected, the versions are functionally equivalent. They give the 
  same result: on my box, they fell over trying to do 
is_prime(536870911), in particular trying to do range(536870911). If 
successful, that would produce a list of approx 0.5G elements. On a 
32-bit box, that's about 2GB of pointers to objects. Each object has a 
reference count, a pointer to its type, and its value -- another 6GB. 
Total about 8GB. Use xrange() to avoid the memory grab.

HTH,
John


From david.bear at asu.edu  Mon Jul 31 20:06:04 2006
From: david.bear at asu.edu (David Bear)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:06:04 -0700
Subject: PIL issues
Message-ID: <3477267.Q72r8hj7zL@teancum>

I am trying to use PIL and when building it, PIL fails to find my jpeg
library. I am using a python 2.4.3 that I build myself on Suse linux 9.3. I
do have the following jpeg libraries:

rpm -qa | grep jpeg
jpeg-6b-738
libjpeg-32bit-9.3-7
libjpeg-6.2.0-738


yet, when building PIL I get:

python setup.py build_ext -i
running build_ext
--------------------------------------------------------------------
PIL 1.1.5 BUILD SUMMARY
--------------------------------------------------------------------
version       1.1.5
platform      linux2 2.4.2 (#4, Jul 27 2006, 14:34:30)
              [GCC 3.3.5 20050117 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)]
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*** TKINTER support not available
*** JPEG support not available
--- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support ok
*** FREETYPE2 support not available
--------------------------------------------------------------------
To add a missing option, make sure you have the required
library, and set the corresponding ROOT variable in the
setup.py script.

I don't know what ROOT variable the message is referring too. Any advice
would be appreciated.

-- 
David Bear
-- let me buy your intellectual property, I want to own your thoughts --


From harry.g.george at boeing.com  Tue Jul 25 01:36:56 2006
From: harry.g.george at boeing.com (Harry George)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 05:36:56 GMT
Subject: json implementation
References: <mailman.8455.1153750472.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <xqxirlmnt3b.fsf@cola3.ca.boeing.com>

"jon cashman" <joncashman_1967 at hotmail.com> writes:

> Hi everyone,
> 
> Is there a doc comparing different json implementation (example:
> python-json, simplejson)? Does anyone have a strong recommendation
> to make? Any problem/issue for a particular implementation?
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> - jon
> 
> _________________________________________________________________
> Is your PC infected? Get a FREE online computer virus scan from
> McAfee?
> Security. http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963
> 

I don't know personally, but TurboGears uses json-py.
https://sourceforge.net/projects/json-py/
  
-- 
Harry George
PLM Engineering Architecture


From madpython at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 04:32:09 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 01:32:09 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6b411$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1151829129.546482.314730@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Alex and Scott for your lead. It would've taken me forever
trying to figure it out by myself :)

I am affraid I didn't specify initially one thing and that led to a
confusion: there is no need to pick an instance from the weakref
dictionary, just return None if there are already 5 instances. But on
the other hand if a hardref to an object was deleted, it's place can be
taken by another one.
Here's what i mean (and where the problem is):
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
#build a list of 5 elements
instList=[]
for i in range(7):
	ainst=A()
	if ainst:
		instList.append(ainst)

for i in range(5):
	instList.remove(instList[0]) #here the hardref is deleted
	ainst=A()
	while not ainst:
		#make shure that ainst is not NoneType
		gc.collect()
		time.sleep(1)	#wait 1 sec for gc() to clean the memory
		ainst=A()	#try again
	instList.append(ainst) #new object added
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
the priblem is that ~3 out of 10 times the test part run into infinite
loop because of unsatisfied condition (while not ainst:) - memory
cannot be freed therefore new instance of A isn't permitted.


#!/usr/bin/env python
import weakref,random
import types,gc
import time
class Limited5(object):
    __weakrefdict=weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
    def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        if len(cls.__weakrefdict)<5:
            instance=super(Limited5,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
            cls.__weakrefdict[id(instance)]=instance
            return instance
#        return random.choice(cls.__weakrefdict.values())
        return None #no need to pick an instance
class A(Limited5):
    counter=0
    def __init__(self):
        self.instCounter=self.counter
        A.counter+=1
    def getId(self):
        return id(self)

if __name__=="__main__":
    instList=[]
    # populate the initial list of objects
    #make shure that there are only 5 elements
    for item in range(7):
        ainst=A()
        if hasattr(ainst,"getId"):
	    print ainst.getId()," -- ",ainst.instCounter
            instList.append(ainst)
    print "---------------------------------------------"

    #delete and recreate an arbitrary element in the instList
    for i in range(len(instList)):
        instList.remove(instList[random.choice(range(len(instList)))])
        ainst=A()
        while not ainst:        #here is an unstable part
            ainst=A()           #sometimes the loop becomes infinite
            print gc.collect()  #decpite the explicit call for gc() to
start
            time.sleep(1)
            print "*",
        instList.append(ainst)
        for item in instList:
            print item.getId()," -- ",item.instCounter
            #print "-------> ",item
        print "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 07:27:39 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:27:39 +0100
Subject: class instance scope
In-Reply-To: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea2ar8$lnj$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I have a class defined in a file called foo.py
> 
> In bar.py I've imported foo.py
> In bar.py's main function, I instantiate the class as follows:
> 
> log = foo.log(x, y, z)
> 
> Now in main I'm able to use log.view(), log.error() et cetera.
> 
Correct. Because, having instantiated the class and retained a reference 
to the instance, the methods of the instance are available relative to 
the name containing the reference.

> But when I call the same method from some functions which are in
> bar.py, it fails giving me the following error:
> 
> NameError: global name 'log' is not defined
> 
Well, that's preumbaly because your

   log = foo.log(x, y, z)

statement was inside a function, and so the name "foo" was created in 
that function's local namespace rather than in the module's global 
namespace.

> 1) I tried lookng into the docs but couldn't find anything on instance
> scope.
> 2) How is such situation tackled ? Will I have to instantiate in every
> function ?
> 
The best thing to do would be to pass the instance in as an argument to 
the functions that need to manipulate it.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 14:51:17 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 11:51:17 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<ldo-6B5EE3.23182303072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1hhw8ch.ah91wq1vg38nsN%aleax@mac.com> <44a95087$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1hhwd3i.yy1hnq117h4y1N%aleax@mac.com>

Kirk McDonald <kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com> wrote:
   ...
> > def func(callback):
> >      for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
> >          callback(i)
   ...
> Threads are probably a weak point of mine. I have little experience with
> them, and so I am inclined to paranoia while using them. What 

Paranoia is the correct state of mind to start from when threads are
involved.

> implications does this have for "func"? In my case, it is a function in
> an extension module. Does it have to be thread safe? If it isn't, what
> limitations does this impose on the use of this wrapper?

The 'func' you gave as an example IS threadsafe (if callback is): it
does not access any global object that might be used by other threads at
the same time.  If the real func *DOES* access (or, even worse, modify)
global objects -- or more generally objects that might be modified by
other threads -- then you must try to make things safe again by adding
locks (with a strong risk of deadlocking, of course).

This problem is basically (to a large extent) tied to your very specs:
you want the whole callstack up to the point where 'func' calls
'callback' to be essentially ``frozen'' while somehow the 'callback'
(the only point in which you allow intervention in the code, since you
forbid alterations of 'func'!) magically hands over the item to a yield
statement which provides the item to calling-code.  Now calling code can
do anything it wants (to globals or any other objects that, for all
you've told us, 'func' might be accessing or altering too) -- and this
must not damage func's behavior.

If there are no other threads in your process, beyond the main one (on
which the generator-wrapper is called) and the specialized one which the
generator-wrapper created (to run func in), then the issues are pretty
much the same as if the generator-wrapper was able to avoid using
threads -- it's just slightly less deterministic where control may shift
between the two threads, but I believe (without being able to prove it)
that this is unlikely to matter... the key issue remains ensuring that
the *caller* of the wrapper, and func itself, don't tread on each
other's toes, regarding all that's "suspended" on the stack while the
caller does whatever it wants with the just-yielded item.

If there ARE other threads in your process, and func is not threadsafe
with respect to them, then of course you should not be calling it
(wrapped or not) without precautions in terms of locking &c -- the
wrapper doesn't matter.

> All that aside, I read the previous threads but it took until just now
> to understand how this works. :-) I'll probably have a go at 
> implementing this in D, as that will be more convenient for the library...

OK, sounds good.  D looks interesting (I found Walter Bright's short
presentation of it at Google quite engaging), and I might like to give
it a try if it was as handy to interface to Python as C++ (or Java or C#
or Objective C) already are.


Alex


From mart.franklin at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:59:30 2006
From: mart.franklin at gmail.com (mart.franklin at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:59:30 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
In-Reply-To: <1152024130.318945.278290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024130.318945.278290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152025170.514287.224360@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


Rune Strand wrote:
> itertools.izip is usually faster than zip. You can try that.


Thanks very much

timing for itertools.izip

for av, bv, cv, dv in itertools.izip(a, b, c, d):
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)


on a 4 million element aray:

slice:
8.06299996376

built in zip:
36.5169999599

myzip:
12.0320000648

izip:
5.76499986649


so fastest overall



From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 16:04:43 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 13:04:43 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
Message-ID: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I've got some strings to split.  They are main words, but some words
are inside a pair of brackets and should be considered as one unit.  I
prefer to use re.split, but haven't written a working one after hours
of work.

Example:

"a (b c) d [e f g] h i"
should be splitted to
["a", "(b c)", "d", "[e f g]", "h", "i"]

As speed is a factor to consider, it's best if there is a single line
regular expression can handle this.  I tried this but failed:
re.split(r"(?![\(\[].*?)\s+(?!.*?[\)\]])", s).  It work for "(a b) c"
but not work "a (b c)" :(

Any hint?



From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 07:41:38 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 04:41:38 -0700
Subject: class instance scope
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8446.1153740618.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153739341.142384.231320@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8446.1153740618.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153741298.470424.321430@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> Ritesh Raj Sarraf wrote:
> > But when I call the same method from some functions which are in
> > bar.py, it fails giving me the following error:
> >
> > NameError: global name 'log' is not defined
> >
> Well, that's preumbaly because your
>
>    log = foo.log(x, y, z)
>
> statement was inside a function, and so the name "foo" was created in
> that function's local namespace rather than in the module's global
> namespace.
>

So if I do the instantiation before calling main(), will it work.
Something like:

if __name__ == "__main__":
    log = foo.log(x, y, z)
    main()

In this case, will log be global ?
But still I get the same error.

> > 1) I tried lookng into the docs but couldn't find anything on instance
> > scope.
> > 2) How is such situation tackled ? Will I have to instantiate in every
> > function ?
> >
> The best thing to do would be to pass the instance in as an argument to
> the functions that need to manipulate it.
>

But then how do os, sys, and other modules which are imported, become
accessible to all the functions ?

I'm a newbie, so please bear with me.

Ritesh



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul 11 10:33:45 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 00:33:45 +1000
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 11 Jul 2006 06:21:39 -0700, iapain wrote:

>> unless you're willing to build a restricted runtime that runs on top of the core inter-
>> preter, you should assume that anyone writing a Python script that's executed by
>> your program has access to everything that your Python process has access to...
> 
> I think using replacements I can ban atleast OS module and about files,

How are you planning on banning the module? Are you thinking about using
source code scanning to detect risky code?

What about modules which export os? It's one thing to "ban" os, but
did you remember to ban glob.os? How about site.os? And netrc.os? And and
and and...

What about this line of code?

my_innocent_object = __import__(''.join([chr(110+x) for x in [1, 5]]))


Creating a restricted execution environment is *hard*. As far as I know,
even Microsoft has never attempted it. And for all of Sun's resources and
talent, security holes are sometimes found even in Java.



-- 
Steven



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Tue Jul 18 10:50:41 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:50:41 +0200
Subject: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python
References: <1153083933.093523.296180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153123750.467344.262690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <010301c6aa79$8ae3fdc0$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

Hi, see below ...

----- Original Message -----
From: "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Monday, July 17, 2006 10:09 AM
Subject: Re: embedding executable code in a regular expression in Python


> Avi Kak wrote:
> > Folks,
> >
> > Does regular expression processing in Python allow for executable
> > code to be embedded inside a regular expression?
> >
> > For example, in Perl the following two statements
> >
> > $regex = qr/hello(?{print "saw hello\n"})mello(?{print "saw
> > mello\n"})/;
> > "jellohellomello"  =~  /$regex/;
> >
> > will produce the output
> >
> >   saw hello
> >   saw mello
> >
>
> Not nearly so terse, but perhaps easier to follow, here is a pyparsing
> version.  Pyparsing parse actions are intended to do just what you ask.
>  Parse actions may be defined to take no arguments, just one argument
> (which will be passed the list of matching token strings), 2 arguments
> (the match location and the matching tokens), or 3 arguments (the
> original source string, the match location, and the tokens).  Parse
> actions are very good for transforming input text into modified output
> form, such as the "background-color" to "backgroundColor" transform -
> the BoaConstructor team used pyparsing to implement a version upgrade
> that transformed user source to a new version of wx (involving a
> variety of suh changes).
>
> Here is your jello/mello program, with two variations of parse actions.
>
> -- Paul
>
> from pyparsing import *
>
> instr = "jellorelohellomellofellowbellowmello"
> searchTerm = oneOf( ["jello","mello"] )
>
> # simple parse action, just echoes matched text
> def echoMatchedText(tokens):
>     print "saw", tokens[0]
>
> searchTerm.setParseAction( echoMatchedText )
> searchTerm.searchString(instr)
>
> # modified parse action, prints location too
> def echoMatchedText(loc,tokens):
>     print "saw", tokens[0], "at locn", loc
>
> searchTerm.setParseAction( echoMatchedText )
> searchTerm.searchString(instr)
>
> Prints out:
> saw jello
> saw mello
> saw mello
> saw jello at locn 0
> saw mello at locn 14
> saw mello at locn 31
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

One fine example of a pyparse solution!

On my part I had a second thought on the SE solution I proposed. It was
needlessly complicated. Let me try again:

>>> sentence = 'On each occurrence of the word "square" in this text the
variable n will be squared. When it says "double" it will be doubled. At the
end print n % 11.'
>>> def square_n (): global n; n *= n
>>> def double_n (): global n; n += n
>>> def n_mod_11 (): global n; return n % 11
>>> se_definitions = """<EAT>
...  "square=print 'Calling square_n () - ',; square_n (); print 'n is now
%d' % n \n"   # A piece of code for 'square'
 ... "double=print 'Calling double_n () - ',; double_n (); print 'n is now
%d' % n \n"   # Another piece of code for 'double'
 ... ".=\nprint 'n %% 11 is: %d' % n_mod_11 ()\n"   # Another piece of code
for the final dot
... """
>>> from SE import *
>>> Stream_Editor = SE (definitions)
>>> n = 9; exec (Stream_Editor (sentence))
Calling square_n () -  n is now 81
Calling square_n () -  n is now 6561
n % 11 is: 5
Calling double_n () -  n is now 13122
Calling double_n () -  n is now 26244
n % 11 is: 9
n % 11 is: 9

Suppose we now realize that the quoted words "square" and "double" should
not trigger the respective function and neither should the ending dot of
each sentence, except the last one. We fix the defintions in seconds, adding
the exceptions as deletions. The order is immaterial. Targets may be regular
expressions. (The last one is.)

se_definitions = """<EAT>     # Deletes everything except the defined
substitutions
...  "square=print 'Calling square_n () - ',; square_n (); print 'n is now
%d' % n \n"   # A piece of code for 'square'
... "double=print 'Calling double_n () - ',; double_n (); print 'n is now
%d' % n \n"   # Another piece of code for 'double'
... ".=\nprint 'n %% 11 is: %d' % n_mod_11 ()\n"   # Another piece of code
for the final dot
... \""square"=" \""double"="  # Deletes the quoted words
... "~\.\s~="  # Deletes dots followed by white space.
... """
>>> n = 9; exec (SE (se_definitions)(sentence))
Calling square_n () -  n is now 81
Calling double_n () -  n is now 162
n % 11 is: 8

Note 1: SE is no match for pyparse on many accounts. Conversely SE has its
own strengths in the realm of its specialty, in particular ease and speed of
use, versatility and modularity.
      Most any problem can be solved in a variety of different ways. Finding
good approaches is one of the appeals of programming.

Note 2: The SE solution rests entirely on Python's 'exec' functionality and
so here we have another testimony to Python's excellence.

Note 3: I shall include the example in the manual. I hadn't thought of it.
My thanks to the OP for the inspiration. Perhaps he might want to explain
his purpose. I don't quite see the solution's problem.

Frederic




From roy at panix.com  Sat Jul  8 16:34:42 2006
From: roy at panix.com (Roy Smith)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 16:34:42 -0400
Subject: How to check if the connectivity is via Ethernet or dial-up
References: <1152390149.961365.282720@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <roy-05114E.16344108072006@reader2.panix.com>

In article <1152390149.961365.282720 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 "jb" <jsbraich at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi all:
> 
> I was just wondering if there is a way to check (using python
> scripting) whether the computer's connectivity is via Dial-up or
> LAN/Ethernet adaptor? Is there a way in python to check the status of
> all available Ethernet adaptors?  If not is there a way to achieve this
> by  just checking some network parameters using System module?.

The best I could suggest is get the pysnmp module, and that to poke around 
in the interface table (assuming your box is running an SNMP agent).


From antroy at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 12:39:38 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:39:38 -0700
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>


> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> # line injected by a malicious user
> "__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')"
> [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]

I'm curious, if you disabled import, could you make eval safe?

For example:

>>> eval("__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')")
if I were bad I could do worse
0
>>> eval("__import__('os').system('echo if I were bad I could do worse')", {'__import__': lambda x:None})
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<string>", line 0, in ?
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'system'

So, it seems to be possible to disable access to imports, but is this
enough? Are there other ways to access modules, or do damage via
built-in commands?

It seems that there must be a way to use eval safely, as there are
plenty of apps that embed python as a scripting language - and what's
the point of an eval function if impossible to use safely, and you have
to write your own Python parser!!



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Wed Jul 12 03:17:09 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 19:17:09 +1200
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ldo-C27781.10403012072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<mailman.8047.1152659908.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <ldo-6E1083.19170912072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <mailman.8047.1152659908.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:

>Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>> In article <mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list at python.org>,
>>  "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>>
>>   
>>> Well, running the make on the command line seems to work just fine, no 
>>> errors at all.
>>>     
>>
>> What about running it as
>>
>>     make kernelrelease | cat
>>
>> This way the output goes to a pipe, which is what happens when it's 
>> called from your script. Do you see those "broken pipe" messages after a 
>> few minutes in this case?
>>   
>Alright, so I tried that line in the interpreter and got the same 
>problem.

No, I wanted you to try it from a bash command prompt, to try to 
simulate the environment when the make command on its own is invoked via 
popen.


From jgodoy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 21:54:57 2006
From: jgodoy at gmail.com (Jorge Godoy)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:54:57 -0300
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bd817f$0$17267$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153273211.925635.8980@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <878xmqs6j2.fsf@gmail.com>

"Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> writes:

> Well, I certainly can agree with that, except for the last point. :)  I
> certainly wouldn't want to keep that unfortunate behavior around just I
> have something to use as an argument using len to test emptiness.

On the other hand, having this behavior makes it so simple to deal with some
algorithms because on doesn't need to know if the given object does or does
not support len()...  

Having to test if something is of certain type then choosing what kind of test
to apply is not something I'd like to have to do all the time.

-- 
Jorge Godoy      <jgodoy at gmail.com>


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 07:27:01 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:27:01 +0200
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
In-Reply-To: <1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152714626.792285.146820@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716358.078840.92840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b52045$0$31795$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152784703.098369.214560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b62e06$0$11781$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

simon.hibbs at gmail.com wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
> 
>>Do you mean the code effectively doing these operations is in the gui ?
>>If yes, it would be better to factor it out IMHO. 
> 
> The GUI has to be able to acces the data object, otherwise how does the
> user affect any changes to the application data? If I modify a value in
> a text box and hit Apply, that change must be propagated to the data
> model somehow. 

Yes, obviously. But that's not what I said. My advice is to seperate the
GUI code (view) from the code operating on data (controler), so
operations are independant from the GUI code itself. Of course the view
needs to call back on the controler(s), and the controler(s) need to
have a refence to the model.

> Similarly, the GUI must access the data to display it.

Yes, obviously. But here again, it may be better to just have the GUI
call back on the controler(s) to get needed data.

> Actualy this has nothing to do with code modules. The problem is is you
> have one object that contains your data, and your app consists of
> several objects that need to interact with it, how do these other
> objects access it? 
>
> I'm fairly new to OOP and Python so I don't know
> it's scoping rules very well.
> 
> Simple example:
> 
> One way would be to use the database as the point of contact for all
> the object. Every object that wants to read or write to the database
> instantiates an object to interact with the database and performs
> whatever actions it needs.

If by "any object", you mean "any GUI widget", then this his how
languages like VB and Delphi (and other "DB->GUI pipeline" tools) work,
and it's an approach that is known to have some drawbacks.

> That way each top-level objecyt will contain
> it's own instanced database IO object. Their only point of contact with
> each other is the database itself. This could lead to synchronisation
> problems though.
> 
> Another way would be to create one instance of the database IO object
> and then pass it as a parameter to the other application objects when
> they are created. The point of contact between the application objects
> would be the single database IO object, with the  database behind it.
> This seems to me to be the superior approach.

I don't know enough of your "database IO object" and "other application
objects" is a too vague definition, so I can't really comment on this,
but it seems like we are in the same situation as above.

> Are there any other architectural options that anyone could suggest?

Separating operations on data (model/controler) from GUI code (view).
The controler(s) have a reference on the model. The views have a
reference on the controler(s), and call on the controller to get data to
display or act on data.

My 2 cents
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From riteshsarraf at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 05:37:38 2006
From: riteshsarraf at gmail.com (Ritesh Raj Sarraf)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 02:37:38 -0700
Subject: python logging module problem
Message-ID: <1152783458.475726.182150@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

import os, sys, logging

logger = logging.getLogger("my_app")

conerr = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stderr)
conerr.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
conerr_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(levelname)s %(message)s')
conerr.setFormatter(conerr_formatter)

console = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
console_formatter = logging.Formatter('%(message)s')
console.setFormatter(console_formatter)

logger.addHandler(conerr)
logger.addHandler(console)

logger.info("Ritesh Raj Sarraf.\n")
logger.warning("Ricky Raj Sarraf.\n")

Hi,

When I execute the above code, logger.info()'s messages don't get
displayed. And logger.warning()'s messages get displayed twice.

C:\Eclipse\Workspace\Python Fun>python log.py
WARNING Ricky Raj Sarraf.

Ricky Raj Sarraf.


Is there something I am doing wrong ?
I basically want to use Python's logging module for my entire program.
I want is something like logger.message() which would contain normal
program messages which shouldbe passed to stdout.

I also want to implement a logger.verbose() handler which would execute
when we enable verbose mode.

Am I doing it the correct way ? Or am I using the wrong tool ? Should
logging be used for it ?

TIA,
Ritesh



From mpeters42 at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 17:55:01 2006
From: mpeters42 at gmail.com (Mark Peters)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 14:55:01 -0700
Subject: Built-in Exceptions - How to Find Out Possible Errno's
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7827.1152136076.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7826.1152134753.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152135868.279168.10460@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7827.1152136076.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152136501.168775.63950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> Thanks Mark, that does help, but what is this errno module?  I mean,
> does it apply to OSError or to IOError or both?
 My guess is that the IOError will return the underlying operating
system error, but that's just a guess (and no time to dig for the
answer right now)

Mark



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul 28 18:57:25 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:57:25 -0700
Subject: mx.DateTime to datetime.datetime
In-Reply-To: <1154124759.504520.63310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154124759.504520.63310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154127445.183447.126530@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


mp wrote:
> Is there a constructor for an mx.DateTime object which takes a
> datetime.datetime object? It seems like a pretty common thing to do but
> I didn't see such a constructor in the mx.DateTime docs.
>

1. It's very strange that you got the impression from the mx docs that
the author was anything but thorough i.e. that he might implement
something and not document it.

2. When you went to the python interactive prompt, imported the module
and did a dir(), what did you see?

3. Have you contemplated writing a bridging function?



From aleax at mac.com  Sat Jul  8 12:08:37 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 09:08:37 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
	<mailman.7924.1152352255.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.08.11.12.45.402634@gmx.net>
	<1152373251.931674.239500@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hi5fvs.1w4k2tu1nodrltN%aleax@mac.com>

Istvan Albert <istvan.albert at gmail.com> wrote:

> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
> > It's not in Jython nor IronPython and maybe not forever in
> > CPython.
> 
> Whether or not a feature is present in Jython or IronPython does not
> seem relevant, after all these languages emulate Python, one could

Not at all, but rather: these _implementations_ are implementations of
the language Python; no "emulation" is involved at all.

> argue that it only means that this emulation is incomplete.  Same for
> changes way out in the future that may or may not materialize. 

What Python semantics' are is supposedly defined by the (normative)
Language Reference.  "One could argue" anything one wishes, of course,
but the existence of freedom of speech does not necessarily make such
arguments sensible nor at all useful.


Alex


From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 12:47:24 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 09:47:24 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8030.1152632179.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e90eu5$7pd$03$1@news.t-online.com>
	<mailman.8030.1152632179.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152636444.749139.262010@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Sybren wrote:
> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
> be thrown.

Yes - you are right of course - this was just a minimal example of
course to illustrate the sort of thing I'm using function attriutes
for.

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> Peter Otten wrote:
> > assertion = getattr(callable, "is_assertion", False)

I like this way of doing it, as it is possible I may have a function
that could feasibly be either an assertion or otherwise depending on
context.

> agreed (but note that the OP used a decorator to set the attribute, so you could
> consider it an implementation detail...)

The main reason for using a decorator was to avoid problems like the
following whilst providing an easy way of adding the attribute:

>>> def assn_or_other(data):
...     return False
...
>>> # I want x to be treated as normal.
... x = assn_or_other
>>>
>>> # I want y to be an assertion
... y = assn_or_other
>>> y.is_assertion = True
>>> x.is_assertion
True



From usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com  Sun Jul 16 00:24:26 2006
From: usenet.20.evilspam at spamgourmet.com (Chris Spencer)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 04:24:26 GMT
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <1152992566.154098.140990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
	<1152992440.747421.321920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152992566.154098.140990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <_bjug.933$D7.637@trndny03>

vbgunz wrote:
> vbgunz wrote:
>>> Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, but
>>> not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not support
>>> history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's own? Is
>>> there any way to get command history working with InteractiveConsole on
>>> Linux?
>> The only time I see [A[B on Linux in a console is when I am not logged
>> in. Check to see if you're logged in and then try again. AFAIK, Linux
>> does support console history. I hope this helps :)
> 
> Sorry, I missed "code.InteractiveConsole" *but* maybe being logged in
> has something to do with it?

Heh, how could I run Python if I weren't logged in :P


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 16:34:28 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 13:34:28 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <44b1520a$0$24277$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b1520a$0$24277$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152477268.334901.285920@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Paddy a ?crit :
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> >>Frank Millman a ?crit :
> >>
> >>>Paddy wrote:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>Hi,
> >>>>I am trying to work out why I get UnboundLocalError when accessing an
> >>>>int from a function where the int is at the global scope, without
> >>>>explicitly declaring it as global but not when accessing a list in
> >>>>similar circumstances.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>There has just been a long thread about this. I think I understand it
> >>>now. Here is my explanation.
> >>>
> >>>Ignoring nested scopes for this exercise, references to objects (i.e.
> >>>variable names) can exist in the local namespace or the global
> >>>namespace. Python looks in the local namespace first, and if not found
> >>>looks in the global namespace.
> >>>
> >>>Any name assigned to within the function is automatically deemed to
> >>>exist in the local namespace, unless overridden with the global
> >>>statement.
> >>
> >>And this even of the local bindings sequentially comes after another
> >>access to the name, ie:
> >>
> >>g = 0
> >>
> >>def fun():
> >>   x = g # UnboundLocalError here
> >>   g += 1
> >>   return x
> >>
> >>
> >>>With the statement 'm = m + 1', as m is assigned to on the LHS, it is
> >>>deemed to be local, but as m does not yet have a value on the RHS, you
> >>>get Unbound Local Error.
> >>
> >>Right
> >>
> >>
> >>>With the statement 'n[0] = n[0] + 1', n is not being assigned to,
> >>
> >>Right
> >>
> >>
> >>> as it
> >>>is mutable.
> >>
> >>n is effectively mutable, but this is totally irrelevant. In your
> >>snippet, n is not 'assigned to', it's "mutated" (ie a state-modifying
> >>method is called). The snippet:
> >>
> >>n[0] = n[0] + 1
> >>
> >>is syntactic sugar for
> >>
> >>n.__setitem__(0, n.__getitem__(0) + 1)
> >>
> >>IOW, it's just method calls on n.
> >
> >
> > So,
> > An assignment statement may assign an object to a name,
>
> An assignment statement binds an object to a name.
>
> > in which case
> > the name is 'tagged' as being local,
>
> Unless that names has been declared as global or lives in another
> namespace (ie is an element of a mutable collection or an attribute of
> another object).
>
> > An assignment statement may mutate a mutable object already bound to a
> > name, in which case the assignment will not 'tag' the name as  being
> > local.
>
> consider this code:
>
> class Foo(object):
>    def __init__(self, baaz):
>      self.baaz = baaz
>
> def bar(foo, bak):
>    foo.baaz = bak
>
> Which name is getting rebound here ? foo, or foo.baaz ?
>
> > I guess Bruno, you mean irrelevant as in 'although only mutable objects
> > can have their state modified; if n has a mutable value but the
> > assignment statement changed the object referred to by n, then the name
> > would be tagged as local'?
>
> Unless the name has been declared as global, yes.

Thanks Bruno, that clears it up for me (I had purposefully left out the
global statement from my example, but should have included it in the
explanation).



From richard.kerry at siemens.com  Mon Jul 10 10:59:41 2006
From: richard.kerry at siemens.com (Kerry, Richard)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 15:59:41 +0100
Subject: Full splitting of a file's pathname
In-Reply-To: <1152543133.421501.205300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4B283A856F4BB049AC1A147765E65B639A4B43@GBMDDMH202AMSX.gb001.siemens.net>


Unless it's the sort of operating system that uses something like :

Sys$disk:[foo.bar.moo.lar]myfile.txt


(VaxVMS, from quite a few years ago)
And if I recall, the parsing function provided would also separate the
extension from the main part of the file's name.


Unhelpfully,
Richard.

 

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+richard.kerry=siemens.com at python.org] On
Behalf Of BartlebyScrivener
Sent: 10 July 2006 15:52
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Full splitting of a file's pathname

I don't know if it's "standard," but why not just:

dir = './foo/bar/moo/lar/myfile.txt'
dir.split('/')

['.', 'foo', 'bar', 'moo', 'lar', 'myfile.txt']

rd

-- 
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 12:33:39 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 18:33:39 +0200
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <1152806372.588869.306030@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66218$0$5505$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152806372.588869.306030@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b675e5$0$21600$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Sanjay wrote:
> Hi Bruno,
> 
> Thanks a lot for the reply. In order to post here, I wrote a very
> simple program now, and it seems working! I can diagnose the original
> problem now.

Fine.

> There might be some other problem.

This, we can't tell, since you didn't post the code !-)

> Pardon me if I am too novice but I could not make out the meaning of
> this phrase from your reply:
> 
> "(at the module's to level)"

Pardon me if I am too bad typist to avoid a typo on such a simple word
as 'top' !-)

And, <OT> please, don't top-post</OT>

(snip)
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Bulkan at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 03:55:34 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 00:55:34 -0700
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>
	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <1152345334.420244.287360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Alex Martelli wrote:
> Istvan Albert <istvan.albert at gmail.com> wrote:
>
> > St?phane Ninin wrote:
> >
> > > Is a lock required in such a case ?
> >
> > I believe that assignment is atomic and would not need a lock.
>
> Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
> structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
> (or even 'get'-access).


Oh yeah you are correct, i forgot about possible rehashing after
assignment operation, so to that means you do need to use a lock to
restrict only one thread at time from accessing the dictionary. Again i
recommend using a Queue to do this. If you need help with usage of
Queue object first see
http://www.google.com/notebook/public/14017391689116447001/BDUsxIgoQkcSO3bQh
or contact me

-Cheers



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 23 22:08:42 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 19:08:42 -0700
Subject: Re-evaluating a string?
In-Reply-To: <1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153695492.856418.238240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153700372.407953.226990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153701891.711750.103570@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153706922.626074.218870@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

bugnthecode wrote:
> Thanks Tim, and John for your quick responses!
>
> Tim, I tested your function and it works!
> Though I don't completely
> understand how. Could you possibly explain this?
>
> John, I test your "MEDUIM_WAY"and it works as well.

Now try the struct module approach.

Are you 100% certain that the servo position can't be negative? What
would you do if it could be negative?

> How is it that
> putting the string together this way translates into a hex value to be
> transmitted to the serial port?

Like I tried to tell you before, there is no such thing as transmitting
a hex value. You are transmitting 8-bit bytes, one bit at a time. The
number 6 might be transmitted as 00000110 or 01100000 (the latter, IIRC
-- it's been a while). The number 6 can be represented in a computer
program as 6 or 0x6. As your write() function expects a string, you
need to represent it in your program as a string e.g. '\x06' or chr(6)
or "%c" % 6.

Read about chr() in the  manual:
http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html

Read about string formatting in the manual:
http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html

> When I manually tried to put a string
> together I couldn't get this to happen. I was trying:
>
> controlString = '!SC' + '\\' + ch.__str__() + '\\' + rate.__str__()
> ...etc

Ugh. FWIW, use str(foo) instead of foo.__str__()

>
> also I noticed you added another line to the code which appears to
> split the low and high bytes for me? If so thanks! Could you also offer
> an explanation on how this works. I tried a google search and couldn't
> get a decent explanation.

I presume you mean
    vhi, vlo = divmod(value, 256)
What did you search for?
If you are on Windows:
    do(click on Start, hover on All Programs, hover on Python 2.4,
click on Python Manuals, type in divmod, press Enter key twice)
else:
    deduce that divmod can only be a built-in function (I didn't
declare it, did I?)
    read web docs on built-in functions
(http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html)

> I implemented this a little differently as
> you can see in my Position class. Could you possibly offer any info on
> the benefits/drawbacks of the different methods?

No great difference. Better than both is to use the struct module.

>
> Thanks again to both of you for your quick responses and help.
>
> Will
>
> import serial
> import types
>
> class Position:

It is extreme overkill, IMHO, to use a class for this trivium.


>     def __init__(self, num):
>         """Takes the position as an int, and splits the low and high
> bytes
>
>         into instance members."""
>         self.lowByte = num & 0x00FF
>         self.highByte = (num & 0xFF00) >> 8

If you are sure that 0 <= num <= 0xFFFF, then you don't need the 0xFF00
mask. If you are unsure, then don't just silently transmit what may
well be rubbish; check, or use an assertion:
    assert 0 <= num <= 0xFFFF

>
>     def __str__(self):
>         """Mainly for debugging purposes. Allows meaningful output when
> printed"""

FFS. Use the repr() built-in, like I suggested.

>         return 'Low: ' + self.lowByte.__str__() + '\nHigh: ' +
> self.highByte.__str__()
>
> def makeString(a):
>     """Takes in  a list, and intelligentlly smashes everything
> together.
>
>     Outputs everything as a hex string.

No it doesn't.

>     Posted by: Tim Chase on comp.lang.python"""
>     return ''.join([type(x) != types.IntType and
>     str(x) or chr(x) for x in a])
>
> def getVer(localpsc):
>     """Gets the version from the PSC. Mainly just to verify a
> connection"""
>
>     localpsc.write('!SCVER?\r')
>     localpsc.read(8) #Discard the echo!
>     s = localpsc.read(3)
>     print s
>
> def moveServo(localpsc, ch, rate, position):
>     """Takes in a serial object, the desired channel, the ramp rate,
> and
>     the desired position of ther servo. Moves the servo to the desired
> postion."""
>
>     #localpsc.write('!SC', ch, rate, position.low, position.high, '\r')
>     #controlString = makeString(['!SC', ch, rate, position.lowByte,
> position.highByte, '\r'])
>     #localpsc.write(controlString)
>     #localpsc.flushInput() #discard the echo!
>
>     """Following line from John Machin"""
>     controlString = "!SC%c%c%c%c\r" % (ch, rate, position.lowByte,
> position.highByte)
>     localpsc.write(controlString)
>
> psc = serial.Serial(1, 2400)
>
> mypos = Position(2500)
>
> moveServo(psc, 0, 5, mypos)
> psc.close()

import struct
DEBUG = True

def moveServo(localpsc, ch, rate, position):
    """Takes in a serial object, the desired channel, the ramp rate,
and
        the desired position of the servo. Moves the servo to the
desired
        position."""
    assert 0 <= ch <= 255 # or tighter bounds from manuf's spec
    assert 0 <= rate <= 255
    assert 0 <= position <= 65535 # aka 0xFFFF
    cmd = "!SC" + struct.pack("<BBH", ch, rate, position) + "\r"
    if DEBUG:
        print "moveServo:", repr(cmd)
    localpsc.write(cmd)

It's that simple. If you are ever going to do more than this one
script, it will pay to investigate the struct module. Python has
"batteries included". You don't need to find a lead mine and look up
"sal ammoniac" in your grandparents' encyclopedia :-)

Cheers,
John



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul  5 22:17:20 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:17:20 -0700
Subject: use var to form name of object
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152152240.611775.129880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

gel wrote:

<snip>

> class testclass:
>     import wmi
>     import time
>     global d_software
>     global l_notepad
>     global d_licence_numbers
>     d_licence_numbers = {"notepad.exe":1, "Adobe":1}
>     l_notepad =[]
>     d_software = {"notepad.exe":[[],[]], "Adobe":[[],[]]}
>


Wow!  For a second there I thought you could make a "global" class
attribute in a way I'd never seen before...

But it's turns out you can't.

>>> k = 0
>>> class foo:
	global k
	def wow(self, n):
		self.k += n


>>> foo.k

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#31>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    foo.k
AttributeError: class foo has no attribute 'k'
>>> f = foo()
>>> f.k

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#32>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    f.k
AttributeError: foo instance has no attribute 'k'
>>> f.wow(23)

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#33>", line 1, in -toplevel-
    f.wow(23)
  File "<pyshell#29>", line 4, in wow
    self.k += n
AttributeError: foo instance has no attribute 'k'
>>>


BTW,  that's a weird place to put import statements.

Peace,
~Simon



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 14 06:17:42 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 10:17:42 GMT
Subject: stdout/stderr for only one thread in a multithreaded python app
References: <1152811278.074974.30940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneberq6.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-13, notanotheridiot <johannes.wollard at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi-
>
> I'm trying to exec some arbitrary code in one thread of an application
> and read anything it prints to stdout or stderr in another thread. My
> question is how?
>
> I've tried changing sys.stdout, but that changes stdout for the whole
> application, not just that one thread, which means that any status
> updates that I DO want printed to stdout don't get printed.
>
> I've also tried running the code in a seperate process in a new python
> interpreter using popen* but I can't read data from stdout until the
> program has finished.

What do you mean by this?

Do you mean that the data that is passed between the two processes
is so little it is all buffered until the second process finishes,
at which time the first process receives it all?

It so and this is a problem then maybe the pty module can help you.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Fri Jul 21 06:39:57 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 22:39:57 +1200
Subject: Semantics of propagated exceptions
References: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <e9qask$i31$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175 at ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>,
Thomas Lotze wrote:

> Suppose you have a function f which, as part of its protocol, raises some
> standard exception E under certain, well-defined circumstances. Suppose
> further that f calls other functions which may also raise E. How to best
> distinguish whether an exception E raised by f has the meaning defined by
> the protocol or just comes from details of the implementation?

You can't. All the information necessary to identify the exception must be
in the exception object itself. If you want to distinguish between
exceptions raised by F and those raised by other functions called by F,
then they must be different exceptions.


From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 16:12:56 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:12:56 -0300
Subject: Using Python for my web site
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-31 15:00:15, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> In fact, the real question IMHO is: what would MySQL advantage over
> PostgreSQL be ?-) 

A few years ago I did some research, and the result was that while
PostgreSQL was claimed to have more features and a better design, the
reports of database corruption seemed to have been more frequent than with
MySQL. The usual reason given was that MySQL was more mature.

I assume you don't agree... :)

Gerhard



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 04:20:12 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:20:12 +0200
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e92bbs$ma8$1@sea.gmane.org>

Qiangning Hong wrote:

> /.../ add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key

at this point, you should have slapped yourself on the forehead, and gone
back to the drawing board.

</F> 





From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 12:30:45 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:30:45 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <e8e3ps$5aa$2@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <080c01c69f87$34ab4a00$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

yep!!!!!

dang phat fingers!!! thanks

everything's working as it should... 6 hours to track down this little
issue!!!

arrrgghhh..



-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Fredrik Lundh
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 9:09 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string


bruce wrote:

> i've done the s.replace('\xa0','') with no luck.

let me guess: you wrote

     s.replace("\xa0", "")

instead of

     s = s.replace("\xa0", "")

?

</F>

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:49:07 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 15:49:07 -0500
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
In-Reply-To: <1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <ea0nbo$339$1@sea.gmane.org>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-23 17:12:20, MyInfoStation at gmail.com wrote:
> 
>> I am a newbie to Python and would like to genereate some numbers
>> according to geometric distribution. However, the Python Random package
>> seems do not have implemented functionality. I am wondering is there
>> exist any other libraries that can do this job? 
> 
> The usual way is to generate standard random numbers (linear distribution)
> and then apply whatever transformation you need to generate the desired
> distribution.

That only works if there is such a transformation.

The geometric distribution and many others have been implemented in numpy:

   http://www.scipy.org/NumPy

In [1]: from numpy import random

In [2]: random.geometric(0.5, size=100)
Out[2]:
array([1, 5, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
        2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1,
        4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 6, 1, 1, 3, 2,
        1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 7, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1,
        4, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1])

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From deets at nospam.web.de  Mon Jul 10 10:27:03 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 16:27:03 +0200
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <4hf6dlF1rj3deU1@uni-berlin.de>

> Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.
> I understand why strings need to be immutable in order to work with dicts,
> but is there any reason why (hypothetical) mutable strings should be
> avoided in situations where they aren't needed as dictionary keys? Python
> has mutable lists and immutable tuples, mutable sets and immutable frozen
> sets, but no mutable string type.

What's wrong about arrays of chars?

Diez


From jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net  Fri Jul 14 05:14:04 2006
From: jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net (Jeremy Sanders)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 10:14:04 +0100
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8139.1152812835.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e97n8s$cnh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
 
> if you got some other result, you didn't just import the same thing
> twice...

I think you may be incorrect, or I have misinterpreted you.

Try this:

** In test.py ********************
import sys

import foo.bar

print foo.bar.myvar
foo.bar.myvar = 42
print foo.bar.myvar

sys.path.insert(0, 'foo')
import bar

print bar.myvar

** In foo/__init__.py ************
# this is blank

** In foo/bar.py *****************
myvar = 10


If you run test.py, then you get the output
10
42
10

When I would have expected 10, 42, 42. The bar module gets imported twice,
once as foo.bar and secondly as bar. The value of 42 in myvar does not get
retained, as there are two copies of the module imported.

-- 
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/


From http  Mon Jul 24 09:49:50 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:49:50 -0700
Subject: [Newbie] List from a generator function
References: <e9va4g$q9h$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<pan.2006.07.23.08.15.28.492319@gmx.net>
	<e9vd3g$s2i$1@hefestos.uned.es>
	<7xd5bwd6hn.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<Qpt*HYsmr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>
Message-ID: <7x8xmjglj5.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Sion Arrowsmith <siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk> writes:
> Why the use of starmap() rather than
> imap(random.choice, repeat(possible_notes))
> ?

Hmm, not sure what I was thinking.  I remember "imap... no that won't
work... ok, starmap".  It was late.  It's late now.


From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Sat Jul 22 15:32:38 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:32:38 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf446a$0$693$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153429821.386216.317160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8403.1153503802.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153596758.673005.234110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-20 18:10:21, danielx wrote:
>
> >>> When supporting documents aren't sufficient to learn an api (I'm sure
> >>> this never happens, so just humor me), you can always turn to
> >>> interactive Python.
> >>
> >> ...and source code...
> >
> > *shudders* What happened to all the goodness of abstraction?
>
> Abstraction as you seem to use it requires complete docs of the interface.
> Which is what you said you don't have... So the original abstractor broke
> the abstraction when publishing insufficient docs, not the one who looks
> into the sources to find out what actually happens.

Absolutely. I didn't mean the user was breaking abstraction (let's not
blame the victim). I was saying that we should really have more
sympathy for him.

> 
> (This independently of the merits of abstraction.)
> 
> Gerhard



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 23:14:50 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 20:14:50 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
Message-ID: <08c701c69fe1$2e429010$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

basic question..

how do i define a multi dimensional array

 a[10][10]

is there a kind of a = array(10,10)

thanks

-bruce



From iapain at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 03:20:07 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 00:20:07 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8057.1152687007.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<3m19b25n7u0luopmbc9fvdeoj3d1os75ug@4ax.com>
	<1152685021.872293.215260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8057.1152687007.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152688807.087056.96520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> You'll need to make your own AccessControl/ZopeGuards.py-like module, and
> probably subclass the RestrictionMutator  to enable/disable certain
> functionnality (interdiction of names beginning by '_' for example is hard
> coded).

Your reply is pretty hopeful, I saw that one, its the only fractional
part. I'm agree with others that I need to setup a safe runtime
enviornment rather than detecting harmful code.

> This should be possible by providing a wrapper function for file and open (see
> the Guards.py module).

Thats a nice idea, I guess it should work. I should try it really
quick! Thanks!

Best!
iapain



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 10 05:00:18 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:00:18 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <R-udnW5zD_heRCzZnZ2dnUVZ_qudnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<R-udnW5zD_heRCzZnZ2dnUVZ_qudnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <44b21724$0$5377$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steven Bethard wrote:
> Terry Reedy wrote:
> 
>> "Gregory Guthrie" <guthrie at mum.edu> wrote in message
>> news:1152465029_31209 at sp6iad.superfeed.net...
>>
>>>   - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says
>>> len(w).
>>
>>
>> Consider
>>
>>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
>>
>> [3, 3, 2, 1]
>>
>> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).
> 

map(lambda obj: obj.__len__(), ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))

> For all the doubters out there, here's an example you can't really
> rewrite with a list comprehension::
> 
>     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'])
>     ['aaa', 'bb', 'c']
>     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=len)
>     ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']

Nope, but it still doesn't require len() being a function

> If len() were a method of string objects, you could try using the
> unbound method and writing this as::
> 
>     >>> sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=str.len)
>     ['c', 'bb', 'aaa']
> 
> But then your code would break on lists that weren't strings.

sorted(['aaa', 'bb', 'c'], key=lambda obj: obj.__len__())

Note that in both cases, my lambda is mostly a reimplementation of len()
- and as far as I'm concerned, len() is quite ok...

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net  Mon Jul 31 05:20:23 2006
From: Dennis.Benzinger at gmx.net (Dennis Benzinger)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 11:20:23 +0200
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cdcb5c$1@news.uni-ulm.de>

Jonathan Bowlas wrote:
> Hi Listers,
> 
> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
> is possible in python?
> 
> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
> passed as a list. Therefore if my function is required to perform an action
> based on each argument passed in the list the function works correctly but
> if it is passed as a string nothing happens.

You need the isinstance() function. For example you can use
isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, list) to test if your variable is a list. 
If you want to test the other way round use 
isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, str) if your variable is a string, 
isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, unicode) if it's a unicode string or 
isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, basestring) to test if it's a string or 
unicode string. Read more about this function and the types to test for 
in http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html.

If you already have the code for a list argument I'd check if it's not a 
list and then turn it into a list:


if not isintance(selecteddeptcodes, list):
     selecteddeptcodes = [selecteddeptcodes]



Bye,
Dennis


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 10:24:41 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:24:41 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <e90cbc$jts$1@sea.gmane.org>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Ant enlightened us with:
>>     try:
>>         assertion = callable.is_assertion
>>     except:
>>         pass
>
> Try to make a habit out of catching only the exceptions you know will
> be thrown. Catching everything generally is a bad idea. In this case,
> my bet is that catching AttributeError is enough.

and

    assertion = hasattr(callable, "is_assertion")

is even nicer (and can be done as part of the if-statement after the call, in-
stead of in a separate try/except before the call)

</F> 





From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 25 16:10:37 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 20:10:37 GMT
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1hirkzf.1lbuyz216qx44oN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1153409123.632798.170270@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1h92.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153665893.504163.87600@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecculs.q9d.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-23, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>> Except that if you write your own class from scratch, you can't use
>> it as a slice.
>
> Correct, but we were actually discussing subclassing built-in classes
> for use as a replacement for range/xrange. :-)

I think a slice could be very usefull for that.

To me it feel very natural that a slice would be iterable and
could be used in a form like:

  for i in slice(10,20):

or if the slice notation would be usable

  for i in (10:20):

And why not make a slice indexable too?


Whether slices really are the tool to use here or not
I don know for sure. But the problem is, that you
can't easily experiment with this idea because slices
are not subclassable.

> It may be "hard work" writing all those methods in a totally new
> range/xrange class, but passing objects of that class around should
> prove satisfactory for the use of most programs.

But the parameters you will have to give such a class are the same
you have to pass to a slice. IMO that means that you should at least
consider giving slices this functionality. At least it should be
easy to convert from one to the other and back.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 14:00:15 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:00:15 +0200
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

northband wrote:
> Thanks for the info.  Reason why we are interested in PSP is because we
> think our developers would be able to quickly adapt to the migration,
> they are familiar with php and asp.

Yes, I guessed it had do to with something like this. OTOH, the
ServerPage model can quickly lead to a disgusting and barely
maintainable mess of application logic and presentation, while the MVC
approach helps designing and writing much more cleaner code (IMHE). As a
matter of fact, lots of PHP apps turns into some more or less well
backed reimplementation of the MVC model.

> I agree on the windows webserver, we are looking into using FreeBSD
> instead.
> 
> What would postgre's advantage over MySQL be?

PostgreSQL is a mature, rock-solid, full-blown RDBMS. While not as
laughable as it used to be until very recently, MySQL is still barely a
DBMS at all - and our experiences with it is that it breaks down way too
easily and is a king-size PITA to maintain and upgrade. In fact, the
real question IMHO is: what would MySQL advantage over PostgreSQL be ?-)

> I will look into Django.

I can't tell if it'll meets your needs, but I really thinks it's worth
giving it a try.



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Thu Jul 20 16:16:03 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 22:16:03 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <4i9n1oF2oliaU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<4i9n1oF2oliaU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <44bfe2e5$0$25238$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Diez B. Roggisch a ?crit :
>> You mean:
>>
>> class Pythonic(object):
>>     def __init__(self):
>>       self._is_active = True
>>
>>     @apply
>>     def is_active():
>>       def fget(self): return self._is_active
>>       def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
>>       return property(**locals())
> 
> 
> Neat! 

http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary

> That slipped my attention over all this noisy and pointless 
> discussion...

indeed.


From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 13:34:30 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 10:34:30 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
Message-ID: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm currently implementing an XML-RPC service in Python where binary
data is sent to the server via URLs.  However, some clients that need
to access the server may not have access to a web server, and I need to
find a solution.  I came up with the idea of embedding a simple HTTP
server in the XML-RPC clients so that files can be sent in the
following way:

1.  Start an HTTP server on the client using e.g SImpleHTTPServer on a
user allowed port
2.  Call XML-RPC server with the URL to the file on the client to
upload
3.  Get XML-RPC server response, then shut down HTTP server on client

Does this sound reasonable?  I know that XML-RPC can send binary data,
but I presume that the URL method would be faster because the XML
parser could skip reading the binary file (is it base64 encoded as a
string like in SOAP?).

Anyway, I'm unsure of how to implement this in Python.  In particular,
how do I shut down a web server once I've started it with
server_forever()?  Should I run the server in a separate thread or run
it asynchronously?  Since I'm only uploading one file I don't really
need to handle multiple clients; I just need to be able to shut the
server down once remote call has finished.

Any help would be appreciated since I'm new to network programming.

Jeremy



From bussieremaillist at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 21:17:17 2006
From: bussieremaillist at gmail.com (bussiere maillist)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 03:17:17 +0200
Subject: making pseudo random number with spam ad convert text to binary
Message-ID: <8a8f62c80607281817x579598can40a82a40bf71a60@mail.gmail.com>

here is a little project to make a more or less good pseudo random generator
by using spam :
http://euryale.googlecode.com/

it's almost quite finished but i've got a last problem i didn't manage to
convert text to binary :
hazard = binascii.a2b_qp(attachment) + binascii.a2b_qp(body) +
binascii.a2b_qp(addr) + binascii.a2b_qp(sujet)
            print  binascii.b2a_qp(hazard)
it still print me ascii characters

regards
Bussiere
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From webraviteja at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 09:04:01 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 06:04:01 -0700
Subject: I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text
	file, and then the backup agent restarted.
In-Reply-To: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151750046.245198.61860@d56g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151759041.237922.292710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>


gavino wrote:
> This seems easy but I have been asking tcl and python IRC chat all day
> and no one gave an answer.
> I have 100 servers which need a new backup server added to a text file,
>  and then the backup agent restarted.
> If I have a list of the servers, all with same root password, and the
> connection is ssh.
> How do I connect to the server, cat the line to the config file, stop
> adn start the agent, and then do same to next server in list and
> iterate through the 100 servers.
> What script would allow this?

Try pxssh from pexpect. Look at the sample in the page.
http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/pxssh.html
It will allow you to automate ssh interactions.



From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 18:56:48 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 19:56:48 -0300
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153514279.392848.143930@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<tbt7p3-5d7.ln1@lairds.us>
	<1153521592.881260.102150@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <102ypl4o5mzjk$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-21 19:39:52, gert365 at yahoo.com wrote:

> Cameron Laird wrote:
>> I suspect there are easier approaches--but probably won't have time
>> before Monday to explain.  For now, I counsel the original poster
>> not to be discouraged.
> 
> Although I have not find the solution I need yet, thanks to the
> suggestions so far I'm actually a bit more optimistic than before that
> there might actually be a way to do what I want.

Until Cameron explains... maybe you can work out something with pipes (on
the program's stdin, stdout and stderr). Not sure how that would look like
in Python, though, and it almost for sure won't work with all command line
programs. (There are different ways how a program can read user input.)

Gerhard



From fcorreia at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 13:29:21 2006
From: fcorreia at gmail.com (Filipe)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 10:29:21 -0700
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <bbeqa2960m89nc1c6fheflfammkick4r1l@4ax.com>
References: <mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>
	<1152098061.373859.159710@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>
	<44AC0AD3.3040802@v.loewis.de>
	<1152200552.730834.187740@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<bbeqa2960m89nc1c6fheflfammkick4r1l@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152206961.838399.113410@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> 	The setting most likely has to be made on the machine running the
> server -- and M$ SQL Server doesn't exist on Linux either <G>
>
> 	If the conversion was being done by some client library on Windows,
> then again, since that library probably doesn't exist on Linux, the
> conversion probably is not done.

yes, it's something done on the client side. And I think DB-Library
does exist on Linux because Pymssql depends on it and Pymssql is
cross-platform:

"pymssql 0.7.4 has been tested on FreeBSD 6.0, NetBSD 2.1, 3.0, Linux
with kernel 2.6, and Windows XP. It should also run on other platforms."



From vedanta.barooah at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 01:45:45 2006
From: vedanta.barooah at gmail.com (Vedanta Barooah)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:15:45 +0530
Subject: Python WSDL Generation Tools
Message-ID: <c52b4e4c0607102245s222bde1cr5bf519b681a82b01@mail.gmail.com>

Hello All,

I am using *Zolera SOAP Infrastructure (ZSI) to create SOAP services and I
know to bind it with a WSDL proxy. Are there any wsdl generation tools
avaible in python?

Thanks for any links and pointers....

Regards,
Vedanta
*
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From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 10:25:35 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:25:35 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Carl Banks wrote:
> > Iterables, lists, arrays, and whatever else have overlapping uses, but
> > bool(obj) behaves differently for different types,
>
> bool(obj) will mainly look for __len__(), then for __nonzero__(), then
> return True. You can only call len(obj) on objects implementing
> __len__(), so relying on (implicit) 'bool(obj)' is clearly more generic
> than 'len(obj) > 0'.  Also, since bool(obj) will try to call
> obj.__len__(), explicitely calling len(obj) doesn't make any difference.

I'm well aware of Python's semantics, and it's irrelvant to my
argument.  What low level operations it does do not concern me.  I'm
concerned about what equats to "truth".  For generators and such, it's
"always".  For lists, it's "empty".  For numpy arrays, there is no
truth value.

For the purpose of writing generic functions, this is inconsistent.
And, IMO, it's possible that the language would have been designed
differently (by not letting them have any truth value) if they'd been
around in the beginning.


> And if you want your own sequence types to be well-behaved sequence
> types, just take time to implement the needed protocol(s), including
> __len__().

You know very well that not all iterables can know their length ahead
of time.


> For short: either your function expects an iterable or it expects a
> sequence. If it expects an iterable, treat it as an iterable wether it
> happens to be a sequence or not.

1. This is fine in a perfect world where all code clearly conforms to
expectation.  Problem is, a lot doesn't.  I think it's quite easy to
accidentally check something intended as an iterable for emptiness.
And, as I've explained in other posts, this can lead to subtle bugs.
Whereas if you check for emptiness using len, it throws an exception
right away, no bugs.  It's safer to use len.  (Safest of all is not to
check for emptiness at all.)

2. This logic doesn't work for numpy arrays.  In a lot of cases, a
function expecting a list works perfectly fine if you pass it a numpy
arrray.  But, if you were to write such a function with "if lst"
instead of "if len(lst)>0", it's guaranteed to fail.  The function is
more generic with the len test.


> > it's possible that these types wouldn't even have a boolean
> > value and any tests for emptiness would have to be explicit.
>
> Yes ? How ? Calling len() on them ?-)
> (hint: reread how len() and bool() works wrt/ __len__())

Yes.  If the language had been designed such that a list had no
nb_nonzero slot, you'd have to check for emptiness with len.  Perhaps
you're missing some of the nuances of English verb tenses (don't feel
too bad, it's hard).  I'm not arguing "what is", I'm arguing what
"could have been if circumstances were different".  If the language
were designed differently, then the rules would be different.


Carl Banks



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 13:40:26 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 10:40:26 -0700
Subject: {} for set notation
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152893133.357692.310670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152895170.006099.113850@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152898826.700528.133530@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

tic-tacs,

But how often does one use a list or a tuple when a set is actually
more meaningful? -- Probably more than expected, because traditionally
comming from C and in the older Python versions there were no sets.

 A prime example are the keys of the dictionary. They are a _set_ not a
list. If a list is returned by the keys() method, one might assume that
somehow there is a special order to the keys.

 Or, for example, the other day I looked at some of my old code at some
point I was gathering values for removal and I was using a list then I
was doing "if deleteme is not in removelist:
removelist.append(deleteme)". And I remember doing that more than one
time. Looking back I would have used sets a lot more often especially
if they had a quick easy notation like {1,2,3}.

Another example is typical constant-like parameters. Again coming from
Java and C we have been using FLAG1=1, FLAG2=1<<1, FLAG3=1<<2 then
setting FLAG=FLAG1|FLAG2. This uses the bit arithmetics along with the
bitwise 'or' operator. It is fine for C but in Python it looks odd.
What we really want to say is that FLAG={FLAG1, FLAG2, FLAG3}. A new
user would be puzzled by FLAG2=1<<1 or how come FLAG2=2 and FLAG3=4?.

In general a set is a fundamental datatype. It was fundamental enough
to include in Python as a builtin. Even though there was already the
dictionary the list and the tuple. For completeness I think a set
deserves its own notation. Once it has it, you'd be surprised how many
people would more likely to use than if they had to type set([...]).


Regards,
Nick Vatamaniuc

tac-tics wrote:
> Nick Vatamaniuc wrote:
> > I really like the set notation idea. Now that sets are first class
> > "citizens" along with dicts, lists and tuples I think they should be
> > used when it makes sense to use them
>
> In actual usage, though, how often is it strictly required one uses a
> set over a list? It is similar to how queue and stack are not in the
> default namespace. Unless you really need to ensure no one is allowed
> to make random access changes to your data, a list with push and pop is
> really all you need. I beleive the same applies in regards to sets.



From rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm  Thu Jul  6 08:00:58 2006
From: rschroev_nospam_ml at fastmail.fm (Roel Schroeven)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 12:00:58 GMT
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <_X6rg.521947$Tp.12816502@phobos.telenet-ops.be>

manstey schreef:
> Hi,
> 
> I have a text file called a.txt:
> 
> # comments
> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 5), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> [('recId', 7 ), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> I read it using this:
> 
> filAnsMorph = codecs.open('a.txt', 'r', 'utf-8') # Initialise input
> file
> dicAnsMorph = {}
> for line in filAnsMorph:
>     if line[0] != '#': # Get rid of comment lines
>         x = eval(line)
>         dicAnsMorph[x[0][1]] = x[1][1] # recid is key, parse dict is
> value
> 
> But it crashes every time on x = eval(line). Why is this? If I change
> a.txt to:
> 
> # comments
> [('recId', 3), ('parse', {'pos': u'np', 'gen': u'm'})]
> 
> it works fine. Why doesn't it work with multiple lines? it's driving me
> crazy!

It looks like it's because of the trailing newline. When you read a file 
like that, the newline at the end of each line is still in line. You can 
strip it e.g. with rstrip, like so:

     x = eval(line.rstrip('\n'))

-- 
If I have been able to see further, it was only because I stood
on the shoulders of giants.  -- Isaac Newton

Roel Schroeven


From iddw at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:40:56 2006
From: iddw at hotmail.com (Dave Hansen)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:40:56 -0500
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152622732.659333.261090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8020.1152623408.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<mailman.8035.1152635987.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7x64i4xdnp.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1638b2tv3ttv80fd41f1hf3kqq4vo2g966@4ax.com>

On 11 Jul 2006 10:19:22 -0700 in comp.lang.python, Paul Rubin
<http://phr.cx at NOSPAM.invalid> wrote:

>"K.S.Sreeram" <sreeram at tachyontech.net> writes:
>> Java is not the only restricted execution environment around.
>> Javascript, as implemented by most browsers, is an excellent lightweight
>> restricted execution environment, and there are many browsers which have
>> good implementations.
>
>And we hear about browser security bugs all the time, for which the
>workaround is "shut off javascript".

And Java...

Regards,

                                        -=Dave

-- 
Change is inevitable, progress is not.


From st at tobiah.org  Fri Jul 14 17:06:02 2006
From: st at tobiah.org (tobiah)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:06:02 -0700
Subject: WSDL and SOAP?
Message-ID: <44B8073A.50304@tobiah.org>

I need to link an event registration site to
a housing site.  From what I can gather, I
make a call to some url that ends in WSDL, and
get some XML back from the housing site.  Now I'm 
supposed to make this into an object and call it 
here and there through SOAP?  Is that how it works?  

Is this the best place to start?:

	http://pywebsvcs.sourceforge.net/


Thanks,

Toby


From mail at microcorp.co.za  Thu Jul 27 02:10:32 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 08:10:32 +0200
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org><1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44C7D18F.1010909@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <01d301c6b144$d3d85360$03000080@hendrik>

"Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:

8<----------------------------------------------------------------


| point).  Its not only important that the threads die, but that they die
| with grace.  There's lots of cleanup work that has to be done when
| things exit or things end up in an indeterminable state.
|
| So, I feel like I have a couple options,
|
|  1) try moving everything to a process oriented configuration - we think
| this would be bad, from a resource standpoint as well as it would make
| things more difficult to move to a fully distributed system later, when
| I get my army of code monkeys.
|
| 2) Suck it up and go straight for the distributed system now - managers
| don't like this, but maybe its easier than I think its going to be, I dunno
|
| 3) See if we can find some other way of getting the threads to terminate.
|
| 4) Kill it and clean it up by hand or helper scripts - we don't want to
| do this either, its one of the major things we're trying to get away from.

8<-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

This may be a stupid suggestion - If I understand what you are doing, its
essentially running a bunch of compilers with different options on various
machines around the place - so there is a fifth option - namely to do nothing -
let them finish and just throw the output away - i.e. just automate the
cleanup...

- Hendrik




From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 17:53:01 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 23:53:01 +0200
Subject: xml aggregator
In-Reply-To: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152437986.444957.115730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8ui7r$7s0$1@sea.gmane.org>

kepioo wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I am trying to write an xml aggregator, but so far, i've been failing
> miserably.
> 
> what i want to do :
> 
> i have entries, in a list format :[[key1,value],[key2,value],[
> key3,value]], value]
> 
> example :
> [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"]
>  [["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"]
>  [["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"]
>  [["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],'"my fifth value"]
> 
>   the tree i want in the end would be :

assuming that the actual order of the subelements doesn't matter, you 
could simply sort the array, and use groupby to group related tags:

import elementtree.ElementTree as ET
import itertools, operator

data = [
     ([["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my first value"),
     ([["route","23"],["equip","jr1"],["time","3pm"]],"my second value"),
     ([["route","23"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my third value"),
     ([["route","24"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fourth value"),
     ([["route","25"],["equip","jr2"],["time","3pm"]],"my fifth value")
     ]


def group(data, index):
     return itertools.groupby(sorted(data), lambda x: x[0][index])

root = ET.Element("result")

for key, items in group(data, 0):
     route = ET.SubElement(root, key[0], id=key[1])
     for key, items in group(items, 1):
	equip = ET.SubElement(route, key[0], id=key[1])
	for key, items in group(items, 2):
	    time = ET.SubElement(equip, key[0], id=key[1])
	    for data in items:
		ET.SubElement(time, "data").text = data[1]

ET.dump(root)

if you want prettyprinted output, use this function

     http://effbot.org/zone/element-lib.htm#prettyprint

on the resulting tree.

</F>



From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Mon Jul 17 08:55:16 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 14:55:16 +0200
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tct3ieo6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

On Mon, 17 Jul 2006 12:58:08 +0200, Claus Tondering  
<claus.tondering at gmail.com> wrote:

> My Tkinter application has to receive events from a TCP connection. I
> have chosen to do this in the following manner:
>
> The TCP communication takes place in a separate thread. When I receive
> data, I generate an event in the Python application thus:
>
>     app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>")

This is where the problem is: if you do just a event_generate without  
specifying the 'when' option, the binding is fired immediately in the  
current thread. To be sure that an event is created and that the thread  
switch actually happens, do:

app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>", when='tail')

and things should work fine.

HTH
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Thu Jul  6 05:44:11 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 11:44:11 +0200
Subject: use var to form name of object
References: <1152073541.960783.141300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152074996.392011.149480@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44ab8739$0$19902$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152148939.232042.25790@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152152240.611775.129880@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152154206.733757.79950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.09.44.11.13152@gmx.net>

In <1152154206.733757.79950 at a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>, gel wrote:

> Yeah I am still getting my head around things... not exactly sure what
> you where saying about the globals, but this works
> 
> 
> global k
> k = 5
> class foo:
> 
>         def wow(self, n):
>                 global k
>                 k += n
>                 return k
> 
> 
> f=foo()
> f.wow(55)

The first ``global`` does nothing.  ``global`` at module level makes no
sense.  And the snippet could be easily written without assigning to
global names from within a function/method:

k = 5
class Foo:
    def wow(self, n):
        return k + n

f = Foo()
k = f.wow(55)

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From bjourne at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 09:56:22 2006
From: bjourne at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?BJ=F6rn_Lindqvist?=)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 15:56:22 +0200
Subject: Can anyone please analyse this program for me (write a pseudocode
	for it).
In-Reply-To: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151932836.876237.217600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <740c3aec0607030656n7b8a842dn88cef4957ca17874@mail.gmail.com>

> void
> usage(const char *proggie)
> {
>         errx(EXIT_FAILURE, "Usage: %s <ip address>", proggie);
> }
>
> int
> main(int argc, char **argv)
> {
>         struct in_addr addr;
>
>         if (argc != 2 || !inet_aton(argv[1], &addr)) {
>                 usage(argv[0]);
>         }
>
>         (void)printf("%s\n", inet_ntoa(addr));
>         return 0;
> }

1. Take an internet host address in dotted decimal form, if it is
valid convert it to an internal representation.
1b. If it isn't, or no address was supplied print usage information and exit.
2. Convert the internal representation back to dotted decimal form and print it.

-- 
mvh Bj?rn


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 23:43:00 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 22:43:00 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<7xbqr6lp9e.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<m7azg.1566$W93.336@dukeread05>
	<danqc25mbtmlrrjb0ojq5vijp2lt80suds@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <t1fzg.1772$W93.447@dukeread05>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> On Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:07:57 -0500, Philippe Martin
> <pmartin at snakecard.com> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
>> Paul Rubin wrote:
>> 
>> > 
>> > If you prefer, You can do it all in one line:
>> > 
>> >    vlist = [int(d, 16) for d in ('%X' % int(''.join(map(str, l1))))]
>> 
>> Thanks Paul,
>> 
>> I'm just using Python to prototype, so I cannot use any of these great
>> features of the language.
>>
> 
> You asked for "algorithm"... The above can be translated to C fairly
> easily without changing the algorithm... The array handling requires
> some thought, but...
> 
> Or did you want a literal "recipe"
> 
> for each integer in list I1:
> convert to string representation
> join the resultant strings into one string
> convert result to binary integer
> "print" the integer to string using Hex format code
> for each hex-digit in the string representation:
> convert to binary representation
> 
> But then, that description was given to you... <G>
> 
> That /is/ the algorithm... Implementation is a detail for the
> student <G>
> --
> Wulfraed      Dennis Lee Bieber               KD6MOG
> wlfraed at ix.netcom.com         wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> (Bestiaria Support Staff:             web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/


Thank you very much 




From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 17:10:11 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 21:10:11 -0000
Subject: No need to close file?
References: <1153252214.457508.269880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<AL2dnfqndI6Z2SDZnZ2dnUVZ_qSdnZ2d@telcove.net>
	<1153256652.118174.238080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bqjhjj3se4e14@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, T <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote:

>>> for line in file('foo', 'r'):
>>>   print line

>> Good programming practice says that if you open it - you close it.
>>
>> And stay out of trouble ;-)

> How do I close the file in the above case?

Aye, there's the rub.

You can't close an anonymous file, so you have to give it a name.

   f = file('foo', 'r')
   for line in f:
      print line
   f.close()

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  The PILLSBURY
                                  at               DOUGHBOY is CRYING for
                               visi.com            an END to BURT REYNOLDS
                                                   movies!!


From nick at craig-wood.com  Wed Jul 26 04:30:07 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 03:30:07 -0500
Subject: Tkinter and exceptions
References: <slrnecd3ne.isc.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<ea725r$6i0$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <slrnece8oo.s2k.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

Peter Otten <__peter__ at web.de> wrote:
>  Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
> > How do you catch general exceptions in a Tkinter program.
>  Overriding report_callback_exception() seems to work:

Thank you.  That is exactly what I needed to know!

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From dieter.vanderelst at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 09:26:55 2006
From: dieter.vanderelst at gmail.com (Dieter Vanderelst)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:26:55 +0200
Subject: Letting a Python application phone home
Message-ID: <fd0b46f40607140626o3e044a8ax928357d606c76ee3@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,

I'm working on an educational Python application that collects data about a
large group of people (Of course, with the full consent of the students).

The application should run on the PC of the participant and send the
collected data back home to the server.

Furthermore, it is also necessary that the transfer of the data happens
during the running of the application, because I don't want  the
participants to be able to run the program without sending me the data. In
fact, as soon as the Internet connection is switched of or is lost, the
program should stop running.

So far my wishes. Now the question:
Is it possible to program this in a secure fashion, both for me and the
students. The data should preferably not be visible to every one and it
should not be possible to look into the code for passwords etc.

Especially the part about the sending of the data worries me a bit.

With Kind Regards,
Dieter
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From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Mon Jul 10 07:21:57 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 21:21:57 +1000
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 21:31:00 -0700, placid wrote:

> 
> greenflame wrote:
>> I want to make a function that does the following. I will call it
>> thefunc for short.
>>
>> >>> s = "Char"
>> >>> thefunc(s)
>> >>> s
>> '||Char>>'
>>
>> I tried the following
>>
>> def thefunc(s):
>>     s = "||" + s + ">>"
>>
>> The problem is that if I look at the string after I apply the function
>> to it, it is not modified. I realized that I am having issues with the
>> scope of the variables. The string in the function, s, is local to the
>> function and thus I am not changing the string that was inputed, but a
>> copy. I cannot seem to figure out how to get what I want done. Thank
>> you for your time.
> 
> quick hack
> 
> def thefunc(s):
>     return s = "||" + s + ">>"
> 
>>>> s = "hello"
>>>> s = thefunc(s)
>>>> print s
>        ||hello>>

That's not a quick hack. That's the right way to solve the problem.

Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.
I understand why strings need to be immutable in order to work with dicts,
but is there any reason why (hypothetical) mutable strings should be
avoided in situations where they aren't needed as dictionary keys? Python
has mutable lists and immutable tuples, mutable sets and immutable frozen
sets, but no mutable string type.


-- 
Steven.



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 09:42:39 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:42:39 -0500
Subject: Possible error in 'dive into Python' book, help!
In-Reply-To: <1154092760.8407.15.camel@localhost.localdomain>
References: <1154092760.8407.15.camel@localhost.localdomain>
Message-ID: <44CA144F.3070802@tim.thechases.com>

> <!DOCTYPE grammar
>   PUBLIC '-//diveintopython.org//DTD Kant Generator Pro v1.0//EN'
>   'kgp.dtd'>

I tried to reproduce your problem with the sample file you gave, 
but it gasped, wheezed and died with a traceback about entities. 
  Likely for not also having this kgp.dtd file (and any other 
external files it references in turn).

Care to post that file too? (of copyright allows...)

-tkc





From ray_usenet at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 09:51:43 2006
From: ray_usenet at yahoo.com (Ray)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 06:51:43 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154094703.829779.201720@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Ben Sizer wrote:
> Roman Susi wrote:
> > Ben Sizer wrote:
> > > The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;)
> >
> > Is it a bad thing?
>
> I don't know. I suppose that depends on how you define 'bad'! For me,
> it is often inconvenient, because I'd prefer to use Python but
> generally find that I have to choose something else if I want to do the
> best possible for any particular project.

Exactly. It's bad because Python is the language you'd love to use at
work but can't :) Don't tell me to look for a job in a Python shop,
there's none. OTOH, there IS at least one RoR shop that I know of and
they're doing pretty well!

> In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, and web development
> support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI
> doesn't suffice, that is. In the original poster's case, it's seemingly
> because specific database support seems to be lacking. Improving the
> libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity of
> Python's potential applications rather than diminish it.

Yep, (support in Django, specifically, not Python).

> 
> -- 
> Ben Sizer



From matthewlittle2006 at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 18:15:39 2006
From: matthewlittle2006 at gmail.com (Matthew Little)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:15:39 -0500
Subject: ftplib errors/exceptions
Message-ID: <fb735eb10607301515t55da530axf387bf17bf4c42f9@mail.gmail.com>

I'm new to Python and I am writing a simple FTP client.  I am having trouble
handling errors like connection refused, invalid username or password, and
the like.  I can use a try exception block like this

try:
  ftp=FTP('some_server')
  ftp.login()
  # more lines
except:
  print "An error has occured.\n"

This works fine to supress the errors, but I would like to be able to narrow
the errors down so that I can print 'invalid username or password' or
'connection refused' rather than simply 'An error has occured'.  How would I
go about narrowing down which errors occur?

Thanks in advance
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From marshall.spight at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 17:00:53 2006
From: marshall.spight at gmail.com (Marshall)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 14:00:53 -0700
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f259200b8db1bc09896a0@news.altopia.net>
References: <1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>
	<1153161100.650922.110630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f259200b8db1bc09896a0@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <1153170053.499642.14840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > If the relations are to
> > > be considered opaque, then there's clearly no aliasing going on.
> >
> > Not certain I understand, but I think I agree.
>
> My condition, though, was that relations be opaque.  Since you will be
> violating that condition further on down, I just felt that it's useful
> to point that out here.
>
> > No, such a language is entirely useful, since relational assignment
> > is *more* expressive than insert/update/delete.
>
> Assignment is more powerful *as* assignment.  However, it is less
> powerful when the task at hand is deriving new relations from old ones.

At the implementation level, it makes some things harder, however
as a logical model, it is more powerful. While this is very much a real
world issue, it is worth noting that it is a performance issue *merely*
and not a semantic issue.


> Assignment provides absolutely no tools for doing that.  I thought you
> were trying to remove those tools from the language entirely in order to
> remove the corresponding aliasing problems.  I guess I was wrong, since
> you make it clear below that you intend to keep at least basic set
> operations on relations in your hypothetical language.
>
> > Consider:
> >
> > i := i + 1;
> >
> > Note that the new value of i didn't just appear out of thin air; it was
> > in fact based on the previous value of i.
>
> Right.  That's exactly the kind of thing I thought you were trying to
> avoid.

I was under the impression tat Joachim, for example, did not
consider "i+1" as an alias for i.


> > So we can define insert, update and delete in terms of relational
> > assignment, relational subtraction, and relational union. Type
> > checking details omitted.
>
> Then the problem is in the step where you assign the new relation to the
> old relational variable.  You need to check that the new relation
> conforms to the invariants that are expressed on that relational
> variable.  If you model this as assignment of relations (or relation
> values... I'm unclear on the terminology at this point) then naively
> this requires scanning through an entire set of relations in the
> constraint, to verify that the invariant holds.  You've may have avoided
> "aliasing" in any conventional sense of the word by stretching the word
> itself beyond breaking... but you've only done it by proactively
> accepting its negative consequences.
>
> It remains non-trivial to scan through a 2 GB database table to verify
> that some attribute of every tuple matches some attribute of another
> table, even if you call the entire thing one relational variable.  The
> implementation, of course, isn't at all going to make a copy of the
> entire (possibly several GB) relation and rewrite it all every time it
> makes a change, and it isn't going to give up and rescan all possible
> invariants every time every change is made.  In other words, you've
> risen to a layer of abstraction where the aliasing problem does not
> exist.  The implementation is still going to deal with the aliasing
> problem, which will resurface once you pass over to the other side of
> the abstraction boundary.

Yes, these *performance* issues make assignment prohibitive for
real-world use, at least if we are talking about data management
in the large. This is not the same thing as saying the resulting
language is a toy language, though; its semantics are quite
interesting and possibly a better choice for *defining* the semantics
of the imperative operations than directly modelling the imperative
operations. (Or maybe not.) In any event, it's worth thinking about,
even if performance considerations make it not worth implementing.


Marshall



From chris at kateandchris.net  Fri Jul 14 14:13:13 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 14:13:13 -0400
Subject: Python WSDL Generation Tools
In-Reply-To: <c52b4e4c0607102245s222bde1cr5bf519b681a82b01@mail.gmail.com>
References: <c52b4e4c0607102245s222bde1cr5bf519b681a82b01@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <20060714181313.GB2945@kateandchris.net>

You will probably have more result on the pywebsvcs-talk mailing list.  
http://pywebsvcs.sf.net/

That said, ZSI will generate code from wsdl.  I am not sure what it is you
are asking for, but this is probably what you actually want.

-Chris
On Tue, Jul 11, 2006 at 11:15:45AM +0530, Vedanta Barooah wrote:
>    Hello All,
> 
>    I am using Zolera SOAP Infrastructure (ZSI) to create SOAP services and I
>    know to bind it with a WSDL proxy. Are there any wsdl generation tools
>    avaible in python?
> 
>    Thanks for any links and pointers....
>    Regards,
>    Vedanta

> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From skip at pobox.com  Fri Jul  7 12:09:20 2006
From: skip at pobox.com (skip at pobox.com)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 11:09:20 -0500
Subject: Python SOAP and XML-RPC performance extremely low?
In-Reply-To: <ZIidnWw9_NfVSzDZnZ2dnUVZ_tidnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <jtCdnZ09rYKvoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rKdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<mailman.7868.1152205602.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ZIidnWw9_NfVSzDZnZ2dnUVZ_tidnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <17582.34608.624122.788465@montanaro.dyndns.org>


    Jack> No, I'm not using any accelerator. The code is extremely simple
    Jack> (from toofpy):
    ...

To use sgmlop, just download and install it.  Your code doesn't need to
change.  The xmlrpclib module detects its presence and uses it
automatically.

As someone else noted though, a five-second delay for such a small example
doesn't seem to be an XML-RPC problem.  A simple round-trip to my XML-RPC
server running on the localhost takes about 5 *milli*seconds.  That's with
sgmlop installed, but even without it, I can't imagine it taking more than
50-100 ms.

Skip


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 07:44:47 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 21:44:47 +1000
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
In-Reply-To: <ldo-C7750A.23140103072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>
	<ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a8d2ad$1@news.eftel.com>
	<ldo-C7750A.23140103072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44a9032d$1@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 9:14 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <44a8d2ad$1 at news.eftel.com>,
>  John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
> 
>> On 3/07/2006 4:45 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>
>>> I thought Windows (the NT line) was 
>>> POSIX-compliant.
>> What on earth gave you that idea?
> 
> <http://fuckinggoogleit.com/?query=windows+nt+posix>

Thank you for your elegant and witty response.

The POSIX sub-system of Windows NT 4+ is POSIX-compliant to some degree. 
This is not the same as saying that the whole of Windows is 
POSIX-compliant. It means that people who write applications using that 
subsytem can achieve the same result as if the app was being run on a *x 
platform. This is as wonderful and as useless as tits on a bull. So what 
do you do if you redirect stdout to a file and a user complains that 
Notepad won't grok it? Teach him/her to use vi[m]?


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Fri Jul  7 08:07:20 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 22:07:20 +1000
Subject: setting variables from a tuple NEWB
References: <1152184794.016220.234220@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.07.12.07.20.264139@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 04:20:01 -0700, manstey wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> If I have a tuple like this:
> 
> tupGlob = (('VOWELS','aeiou'),('CONS','bcdfgh'))
> 
> is it possible to write code using tupGlob that is equivalent to:
> VOWELS = 'aeiou'
> CONS = ''bcdfgh'

Why don't you just do that?

VOWELS = 'aeiou'
CONS = 'bcdfgh'

What benefit do you gain by stuffing your variables into tuples?



-- 
Steven.



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul  4 12:04:21 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 09:04:21 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.04.15.44.44.391832@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <07de01c69f83$83ce10d0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

steven...

when you have the >>>u'hello ? world'<< in your interpreter/output, is the
'u' indicating that what you're displaying is unicode?

i pretty much tried what you have in the replace.. and i got the same error
regarding the unicodedecode error...




-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
Of Steven D'Aprano
Sent: Tuesday, July 04, 2006 8:45 AM
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: RE: ascii character - removing chars from string


On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 08:09:53 -0700, bruce wrote:

> simon...
>
> the issue that i'm seeing is not a result of simply using the
> 'string.replace' function. it appears that there's something else going on
> in the text....
>
> although i can see the nbsp in the file, the file is manipulated by a
number
> of other functions prior to me writing the information out to a file.
> somewhere the 'nbsp' is changed, so there's something else going on...
>
> however, the error i get indicates that the char 'u\xa0' is what's causing
> the issue..

As you have written it, that's not a character, it is a string of length
two. Did you perhaps mean the Unicode character u'\xa0'?

>>> len('u\xa0')
2
>>> len(u'\xa0')
1


> as far as i can determine, the string.replace can't/doesn't
> handle non-ascii chars. i'm still looking for a way to search/replace
> non-ascii chars...

Seems to work for me:

>>> c = u'\xa0'
>>> s = "hello " + c + " world"
>>> s
u'hello \xa0 world'
>>> s.replace(c, "?")
u'hello ? world'



--
Steven.

--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Sat Jul 22 15:04:08 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 12:04:08 -0700
Subject: How to test if object is sequence, or iterable?
In-Reply-To: <44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153587482.812348.320630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c26ec2$0$21607$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153595048.053300.109050@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Tim N. van der Leeuw a ?crit :
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'd like to know if there's a way to check if an object is a sequence,
> > or an iterable. Something like issequence() or isiterable().
> >
> > Does something like that exist? (Something which, in case of iterable,
> > doesn't consume the first element of the iterable)
>
> isiterable = lambda obj: isinstance(obj, basestring) \
>                           or getattr(obj, '__iter__', False)
>
>
> Should cover most cases.

Yes, that seems to cover all cases I can think of, indeed. Funny
though, that string objects do not have an '__iter__' method, but are
still iterable... But it will make most of my use-cases easier: Often I
want to iterate over something, if it's an iterable, except when it's a
string.


Thanks,

--Tim



From marc.wyburn at googlemail.com  Tue Jul 11 10:43:55 2006
From: marc.wyburn at googlemail.com (marc.wyburn at googlemail.com)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 07:43:55 -0700
Subject: CPU or MB Serial number
In-Reply-To: <1152619140.468721.124580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152619140.468721.124580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152629035.898337.159670@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bayazee wrote:
> Hi,
> How can I get CPU Serial number , or motherboard serial number with
> python . I need an idetification of a computer ....
> ThanX
>
> ---------------------------------------------------
> iranian python community --> www.python.ir

If you are on a windows box with WMI (2000 or above) you can use
Python, win32com extentions to get it.  The WMI stuff is easily
accessible with Tim Goldens wrapper
http://tgolden.sc.sabren.com/python/wmi.html

>>> import wmi
>>> c = wmi.WMI()
>>> for s in c.Win32_Processor():
... 	print s
...

instance of Win32_Processor
{
	AddressWidth = 32;
	Architecture = 0;
	Availability = 3;
	Caption = "x86 Family 15 Model 2 Stepping 4";
	CpuStatus = 1;
	CreationClassName = "Win32_Processor";
	CurrentClockSpeed = 1794;
	CurrentVoltage = 15;
	DataWidth = 32;
	Description = "x86 Family 15 Model 2 Stepping 4";
	DeviceID = "CPU0";
	ExtClock = 100;
	Family = 2;
	L2CacheSize = 0;
	Level = 15;
	LoadPercentage = 7;
	Manufacturer = "GenuineIntel";
	MaxClockSpeed = 1794;
	Name = "              Intel(R) Pentium(R) 4 CPU 1.80GHz";
	PowerManagementSupported = FALSE;
	ProcessorId = "3FEBFBFF00000F24";
	ProcessorType = 3;
	Revision = 516;
	Role = "CPU";
	SocketDesignation = "Microprocessor";
	Status = "OK";
	StatusInfo = 3;
	Stepping = "4";
	SystemCreationClassName = "Win32_ComputerSystem";
	SystemName = "LON42";
	UpgradeMethod = 4;
	Version = "Model 2, Stepping 4";
};



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 11 14:30:56 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:30:56 -0700
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
Message-ID: <44B3EE60.7020004@mvista.com>

I'm not sure the proper way to phrase the question, but let me try.

Basically, I'm working with a script where someone wrote:

kr = string.strip(os.popen('make kernelrelease').read())


And then searches kr to match a regular expression.

This seems to have been working, however lately when this line executes 
I get a number of messages to stderr after several minutes of execution:

cat: write error: Broken pipe
cat: write error: Broken pipe
cat: write error: Broken pipe


I know the output from this make has been growing (make applies some 
patches and the patch list is growing).  Does os.popen() have some kind 
of read buffer limit that i'm hitting which is causing things to break?




-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From daministrator at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 04:35:09 2006
From: daministrator at gmail.com (Markus)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:35:09 +0200
Subject: How can I optimise this? [intended in good humour]
Message-ID: <44C4863D.5060908@sandman.za.net>

You know you're guilty of early/over optimisation, when it's almost two
in the morning and the file open in front of you reads as follows.

  The code you are about to read is real...
  Some of the variable names have been changed
  to protect the families of those involved.

[-snip-]

from timeit import Timer

if __name__=='__main__':
     t = Timer('len(argv)==1','from sys import argv')
     print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
     t = Timer('argv[0]==argv[-1]','from sys import argv')
     print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)

[-snip-]

For anyone is in danger of making the same mistakes I've made...
the results were:

   0.219154 usec/pass
   0.297468 usec/pass


If anyone doesn't understand...
  Timer is a "Class for timing execution speed of small code snippets."
  The quoted description of Timer and the original code I derived the
  above snippet from, can be found in the Python documentation.

Finally, for anyone who is wondering...
  I will seek help as soon as I have some free time.

;)

Markus





From pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com  Sat Jul 22 19:22:56 2006
From: pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com (pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 16:22:56 -0700
Subject: Compiler for external modules for python
Message-ID: <1153610576.338005.326300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello:
I have interesting external modules that I want to incorporate to
python 2.4.3 and python 2.5b2 also. Some of them requires C/C++
compiler. I work with Win XP Sp2 and have installed VC2005 express (I
do not know if the compiler is the one with optimizing
characterisitics), when trying to install some module using "distutils"
program, it asks for C/C++ VC7 that is part of VS2003, it seems
distutils is not configured for VC8 that is part of VC2005.
Under this circumstances I tried to find the VC7 compiler from
microsoft sites, however it deflect to the new version of VS2005, so I
"lost the cord and the goat" .
I do not know what to do. Does anybody has some guidelines about this
matter?
Thanks!!!



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Thu Jul 27 10:46:40 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 07:46:40 -0700
Subject: MySql
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
	<1153997300.286168.186800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153999602.669156.89690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154007899.715720.30440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154011600.771412.270210@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> Paul Boddie wrote:
> > the MySQL-centric culture of ignoring/ridiculing stuff they don't support
> > (and then eventually supporting it, in this case) is probably most to
> > blame if we have to point the finger.

[...]

> I think you should support people rather than pay them out despite
> thier Ignorance.

For the record, I was mostly referring to MySQL AB in my finger
pointing above - there's a long history of them encouraging fashionably
non-standard thinking, ostensibly because of some radical insight into
why everyone else is supposedly doing the wrong thing, but in reality
due to some shortcomings in their product which they're not willing to
admit (at least until they've put them right).

Anyway, I think most of us are happy to help people out who are
suddenly discovering new depths to technologies they thought they
already knew.

Paul



From dan.winsor at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 05:08:16 2006
From: dan.winsor at gmail.com (Dan Winsor)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 02:08:16 -0700
Subject: Byte array question
In-Reply-To: <44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152813072.911488.260240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebd3a6.jq4.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152817088.549439.201960@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebddhd.k7e.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1152837709.996268.111320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b6f547$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152868096.021110.146900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


John Machin wrote:
> On 14/07/2006 10:41 AM, Dan Winsor wrote:
> > Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> >> Dan Winsor enlightened us with:
> >>> This one "works" in that it runs, but the server on the other end gets
> >>> garbage unrelated to the test file.
> >> Are you sure it is garbage? Have you tried changing byte order?
> >
> > Ah, that I hadn't.  Any pointers to doing that?
> >
>
> You found array.array.byteswap() in the manual and rejected it because ...?

...you suggested it?  :)



From psnim2000 at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 09:33:41 2006
From: psnim2000 at gmail.com (Chaos)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 06:33:41 -0700
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
In-Reply-To: <1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154128287.125918.98660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154180021.797794.267620@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


nikie wrote:
> Chaos wrote:
>
> > As my first attempt to loop through every pixel of an image, I used
> >
> >         for thisY in range(0, thisHeight):
> >             for thisX in range(0, thisWidth):
> >                   #Actions here for Pixel thisX, thisY
> >
> > But it takes 450-1000 milliseconds
> >
> > I want speeds less than 10 milliseconds
>
> Milliseconds don't mean much unless we knew how big your images are and
> what hardware you're using.
>
> Have you considered using NumPy? Assuming you can get the image into a
> numpy array efficiently, the actual algorithm boils down to something
> like this:
>
>     grey = r*0.3 + g*0.59 + b*0.11
>     index = grey.argmin()
>     x,y = index%step, index/step
>     v = grey[x,y]
>
> where r,g,b and grey are numpy.ndarray objects; The arithmetic
> operators and the argmin-function are implemented in C, so you can
> expect decent performance. (the 4 lines above take about 80 ms for a
> 1000x1000 image on my PC)
>
> If that's not enough, you might want to use some specially optimized C
> library for this purpose. (I'd suggest Intel's IPP, but there are
> others).

Can you give me an example of geting an image into a numpy array?



From ioweutoiwuetoiuw at yahoo.co.jp  Wed Jul  5 06:39:25 2006
From: ioweutoiwuetoiuw at yahoo.co.jp (Namenick)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 03:39:25 -0700
Subject: Python traverse
Message-ID: <1152095965.764578.111090@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello, I am completely new to Python, would u please tell me something
about Python compiler traversing techniques ? or please direct me to
some document if available on the net for reference ?

Thanks



From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Wed Jul 26 19:11:48 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 16:11:48 -0700
Subject: Using iterators to write in the structure being iterated through?
In-Reply-To: <1153954523.497284.262790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.26.15.39.34.944769@physics.cornell.edu>
	<1153954523.497284.262790@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153955508.780581.20550@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Paddy wrote:
> Pierre Thibault wrote:
> > Hello!
> >
> > I am currently trying to port a C++ code to python, and I think I am stuck
> > because of the very different behavior of STL iterators vs python
> > iterators. What I need to do is a simple arithmetic operations on objects
> > I don't know. In C++, the method doing that was a template, and all that
> > was required is that the template class has an iterator conforming to the
> > STL forward iterator definition. Then, the class would look like:
> >
> <SNIP>
> > Then I discovered python and wanted to use all its goodies. I thought it
> > would be easy to do the same thing but I can't: the iterator mechanism is
> > read-only, right? So it does no make sense to write:
> >
> > io1 = iter(object1)
> > io2 = iter(object2)
> >
> > try:
> >   while 1:
> >     io1.next() += io2.next()
> > except StopIteration:
> >   pass
> >
> > That won't work:
> > SyntaxError: can't assign to function call
> >
> > Here is my question: how could I do that and retain enough generallity?
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > Pierre
>
> Pierre,
> You should be able to write
>   io1.next().param += io2.next().param
> If iter(object1) and iter(object2) both return classes or instances
> with the appropriate parameter.
> Here is what I was thinking of:
>
>
> class ParamHolder(object):
>     def __init__(self, n):
>         self.param = n
>
> class C1(object):
>     def __init__(self,m):
>         self.value = [ParamHolder(n) for n in range(m)]
>     def __getitem__(self, p):
>         return self.value[p]
>
> obj1 = C1(5)
> obj2 = C1(5)
>
> io1 = iter(obj1)
> io2 = iter(obj2)
>
> print "obj1 pre loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
>
> try:
>     while 1:
>         io1.next().param += io2.next().param
> except StopIteration:
>     pass
>
> print "obj1 post loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
>
> - Paddy.

I don't like the try/except code and would write something like the
following:

>>> obj1 = C1(5)
>>> obj2 = C1(5)
>>> from itertools import izip
>>> for x,y in izip(obj1, obj2):
... 	x.param += y.param
...
>>> print "obj1 post for loop",[r.param for r in obj1.value]
obj1 post for loop [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]
>>> 

- Paddy.



From blue99 at interia.pl  Fri Jul 28 08:18:22 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (Rob Wolfe)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:18:22 -0700
Subject: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
In-Reply-To: <1154084480.028200.166580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154074993.138404.145380@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154078228.110385.236630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154084480.028200.166580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154089102.600792.129020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


ralphdepping at googlemail.com wrote:
> Thanks for the suggestion Rob.  All I can find are 2 copies of
> winsock.dll:
> c:/WINNT/system32/winsock.dll
> c:/WINNT/system32/dllcache/winsock.dll
> They're both the same version 3.10.0.13
>
> I assume it's ok to have a copy in the dllcach directory and that's not
> a source of the problem?
>
> Does python require a specific version of winsock.dll?  The OS is
> windows 2000 5.00.2195 Service Pack 4.

No, python doesn't require specific version of winsock.dll.

On my XP I have:

winsock.dll  - 3.10.0.103
ws2_32.dll   - 5.1.2600.2180
wsock32.dll - 5.1.2600.2180

and everything works fine.

No other idea, but I'm almost sure that problem
is on the OS side not on python side.

Regards,
Rob



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 27 13:30:41 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 10:30:41 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnech1lm.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <1154021441.858382.301760@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
>
> Here is test prog...
>

<snip>

Here's a more real-life like program done in both single threaded mode
and multi-threaded mode.  You'll need PythonCard to try this.  Just to
make the point, you will notice that the core code is identical between
the two (method on_menuFileStart_exe).  The only difference is in the
setup code.  I wanted to dismiss the myth that multi-threaded programs
are inherently *evil*, or that it's diffcult to code, or that it's
unsafe.....(what ever dirty water people wish to throw at it).

Don't ask me to try this in process!

To have fun, first run it in single threaded mode (change the main
program to invoke the MyBackground class, instead of the
MyBackgroundThreaded class):

Change:

	app = model.Application(MyBackgroundThreaded)

to:

	app = model.Application(MyBackground)

Start the process by selecting File->Start, and then try to stop the
program by clicking File->Stop.  Note the performance of the program.

Now, run it in multi-threaded mode.  Click File->Start several times
(up to 4) and then try to stop the program by clicking File->Stop.

If you want to show off, add several more StaticText items in the
resource file, add them to the textAreas list in MyBackgroundThreaded
class and let it rip!

BTW: This ap also demonstrates the weakness in Python thread - the
threads don't get preempted equally (not even close).

:-)

Two files follows (test.py and test.rsrc.py):

#!/usr/bin/python

"""
__version__ = "$Revision: 1.1 $"
__date__ = "$Date: 2004/10/24 19:21:46 $"
"""

import wx
import threading
import thread
import time

from PythonCard import model

class MyBackground(model.Background):

	def on_initialize(self, event):
		# if you have any initialization
		# including sizer setup, do it here
		self.running(False)
		self.textAreas=(self.components.TextArea1,)
		return

	def on_menuFileStart_select(self, event):
		on_menuFileStart_exe(self.textAreas[0])
		return

	def on_menuFileStart_exe(self, textArea):
		textArea.visible=True
		self.running(True)
		for i in range(10000000):
			textArea.text = "Got up to %d" % i
			##            print i
			for j in range(i):
				k = 0
				time.sleep(0)
				if not self.running(): break
			try:
				wx.SafeYield(self)
			except:
				pass
			if not self.running(): break
		textArea.text = "Finished at %d" % i
		return

	def on_menuFileStop_select(self, event):
		self.running(False)

	def on_Stop_mouseClick(self, event):
		self.on_menuFileStop_select(event)
		return

	def running(self, flag=None):
		if flag!=None:
			self.runningFlag=flag
		return self.runningFlag


class MyBackgroundThreaded(MyBackground):

	def on_initialize(self, event):
		# if you have any initialization
		# including sizer setup, do it here
		self.myLock=thread.allocate_lock()
		self.myThreadCount = 0
		self.running(False)
		self.textAreas=[self.components.TextArea1, self.components.TextArea2,
self.components.TextArea3, self.components.TextArea4]
		return

	def on_menuFileStart_select(self, event):
		res=MyBackgroundWorker(self).start()

	def on_menuFileStop_select(self, event):
		self.running(False)
		self.menuBar.setEnabled("menuFileStart", True)

	def on_Stop_mouseClick(self, event):
		self.on_menuFileStop_select(event)

	def running(self, flag=None):
		self.myLock.acquire()
		if flag!=None:
			self.runningFlag=flag
		flag=self.runningFlag
		self.myLock.release()
		return flag

class MyBackgroundWorker(threading.Thread):
	def __init__(self, parent):
		threading.Thread.__init__(self)
		self.parent=parent
		self.parent.myLock.acquire()
		threadCount=self.parent.myThreadCount
		self.parent.myLock.release()
		self.textArea=self.parent.textAreas[threadCount]

	def run(self):
		self.parent.myLock.acquire()
		self.parent.myThreadCount += 1
		if self.parent.myThreadCount==len(self.parent.textAreas):
			self.parent.menuBar.setEnabled("menuFileStart", False)
		self.parent.myLock.release()

		self.parent.on_menuFileStart_exe(self.textArea)

		self.parent.myLock.acquire()
		self.parent.myThreadCount -= 1
		if self.parent.myThreadCount==0:
			self.parent.menuBar.setEnabled("menuFileStart", True)
		self.parent.myLock.release()

		return

if __name__ == '__main__':
	app = model.Application(MyBackgroundThreaded)
	app.MainLoop()



Here's the associated resource file:

{'application':{'type':'Application',
          'name':'Template',
    'backgrounds': [
    {'type':'Background',
          'name':'bgTemplate',
          'title':'Standard Template with File->Exit menu',
          'size':(400, 300),
          'style':['resizeable'],

        'menubar': {'type':'MenuBar',
         'menus': [
             {'type':'Menu',
             'name':'menuFile',
             'label':'&File',
             'items': [
                  {'type':'MenuItem',
                   'name':'menuFileStart',
                   'label':u'&Start',
                  },
                  {'type':'MenuItem',
                   'name':'menuFileStop',
                   'label':u'Sto&p',
                  },
                  {'type':'MenuItem',
                   'name':'menuFile--',
                   'label':u'--',
                  },
                  {'type':'MenuItem',
                   'name':'menuFileExit',
                   'label':'E&xit',
                   'command':'exit',
                  },
              ]
             },
         ]
     },
         'components': [

{'type':'StaticText',
    'name':'TextArea1',
    'position':(10, 100),
    'text':u'This is a test',
    'visible':False,
    },

{'type':'StaticText',
    'name':'TextArea2',
    'position':(160, 100),
    'text':u'This is a test',
    'visible':False,
    },

{'type':'StaticText',
    'name':'TextArea3',
    'position':(10, 150),
    'text':u'This is a test',
    'visible':False,
    },

{'type':'StaticText',
    'name':'TextArea4',
    'position':(160, 150),
    'text':u'This is a test',
    'visible':False,
    },

] # end components
} # end background
] # end backgrounds
} }



From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Tue Jul 25 15:36:40 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:36:40 +0200
Subject: cStringIO.StringIO has no write method?
In-Reply-To: <ea5rno$9ru$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <44C66D88.8030601@designaproduct.biz> <ea5rno$9ru$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <44C672C8.5040304@designaproduct.biz>


>>     
> Nope. StringI is an input-only object, StringO is an output object. You 
> got a StringI because you gave a string argument to the creator.
>
>
>  >>> f1 = cStringIO.StringIO()
>  >>> f1
> <cStringIO.StringO object at 0x186c9c00>
>  >>> dir(f1)
> ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', 
> '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', 
> '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush', 
> 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset', 
> 'seek', 'softspace', 'tell', 'truncate', 'write', 'writelines']
>  >>> f2 = cStringIO.StringIO("This is the fixed content of the StringIO")
>  >>> f2
> <cStringIO.StringI object at 0x18661440>
>  >>> dir(f2)
> ['__class__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', 
> '__init__', '__iter__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', 
> '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__str__', 'close', 'closed', 'flush', 
> 'getvalue', 'isatty', 'next', 'read', 'readline', 'readlines', 'reset', 
> 'seek', 'tell', 'truncate']
>  >>>
>   
Is it possible to have a direct access in-memory file that can be 
written and read too?

   Laszlo



From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 13:53:18 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:53:18 -0500
Subject: using names before they're defined
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153323649.171612.74510@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns9805C03F8BFCrtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

Iain King wrote in news:1153323649.171612.74510
@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com in comp.lang.python:

> 
> daveho... at f2s.com wrote:

>>          [...]  I need to reference (link) each object to the objects
>> upstream and downstream of it, i.e.
>>
>> supply = supply()
>> compressor = compressor(downstream=combustor, upstream=supply)
>> combuster = combuster(downstream=turbine, upstream=compressor)
>> etc.
>>
>> the problem with this is that I reference 'combustor' before is it
>> created. [...]

> 
> At the top of your code you could put:
> 
> supply = None
> compressor = None
> combuster = None
> turbine = None

That doesn't help.

The variable names will be rebound when assigned to the result of
the contructor calls, but only after the previous binding (None) has 
been passed to some other objects constructor.

IOW the second line of the OP's code would effectively be:

compressor = Compressor(downstream=None, upstream=supply)

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 21:41:38 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 18:41:38 -0700
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152409298.297640.115220@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Try "Learning Python" which is part of the O'Reilly series of books
they publish on computer programming. It's a good start. Most public
library systems have copies you can check out, and most larger
bookstores have it. Otherwise there's always Amazon.Com. Welcome to
Python and enjoy!

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:
> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.
> I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> Any recommendations?
> Ioannis



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Wed Jul 12 05:46:30 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:46:30 +0200
Subject: array of array of float
References: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><e8rp8e$eql$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
	<e8rp9t$eql$2@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <e92gdn$6f2$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Sch?le Daniel" wrote:

> > a = [[] for in range(200)]
>
> correction :)
>
> a = [[] for i in range(200)]

the "*500" part still seems to be missing...

</F> 





From Rich.Burridge at Sun.COM  Tue Jul 25 16:20:18 2006
From: Rich.Burridge at Sun.COM (Rich Burridge)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:20:18 -0700
Subject: Python stack trace on blocked running script.
Message-ID: <44C67D02.4070900@sun.com>


Hi all,

If this is a frequently asked question, then just slap me silly and point me
in the right direction.

We are currently experiencing a hanging problem with Orca [1], a
screen reader/magnifier written in Python. We know how to get a
stack trace of the current thread in a Python problem, but the problem
is that the script is currently blocked on a Bonobo [2] call, that is
preventing us from doing this.

What we are looking for is a way to get a complete stack
trace of each running thread at this point. Sort of the Python equivalent
of Control-\ in Java. Is there any way we can do this?

Or any other suggestions on how to hone in and solve this problem?

Thanks.

[1] http://live.gnome.org/Orca/
[2] http://developer.gnome.org/arch/component/bonobo.html


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul  3 04:17:51 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:17:51 +1000
Subject: sys.stdin and two CTRL-Ds
In-Reply-To: <ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.7692.1151780549.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44A6DD6E.5000502@lexicon.net>
	<ldo-D735F8.17482702072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<44a76bb1@news.eftel.com>
	<ldo-D32938.18451903072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44a8d2ad$1@news.eftel.com>

On 3/07/2006 4:45 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <44a76bb1 at news.eftel.com>,
>  John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
> 
>> On 2/07/2006 3:48 PM, Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
>>> In article <44A6DD6E.5000502 at lexicon.net>,
>>>  John Machin <sjmachin at lexicon.net> wrote:
>>>
>>>> -u unbuffers sys.stdout 
>>>> and sys.stderr (and makes them binary, which wouldn't be a good idea on 
>>>> a Windows box).
>>> Why not?
>> If binary, '\n' would appear as LF alone rather than CR LF.
> 
> Why should that matter?

Because the contents of the output would be different. Haven't you ever 
wondered why (or read the manuals that explain why) Python, C , etc file 
I/O libraries have a text mode and a binary mode?

> I thought Windows (the NT line) was 
> POSIX-compliant.

What on earth gave you that idea?



From khoa.coffee at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 15:54:54 2006
From: khoa.coffee at gmail.com (Khoa Nguyen)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:54:54 -0400
Subject: Process files in order
Message-ID: <3d00e6dc0607271254u5f4ea31dya5dd6d3a12c2d0b5@mail.gmail.com>

Hi,

I have a requirement to process all files in a directory in
chronological order. The os.listdir() function, however, lists the
files in random order. Is there a similar function in Python that
allows me to specify the listing order (like ls -t for example)?

Thanks,
Khoa


From arvind.mulay at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 06:52:58 2006
From: arvind.mulay at gmail.com (arvind)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 03:52:58 -0700
Subject: Tkinter function variable passing
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7716.1151909467.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1151906785.918626.204870@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7716.1151909467.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151923978.749598.117750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi
thanx for replynig.
but functios are independent
and the button is inside one of the functions.
will u please reshape ur code and send it to me?
thank u.
Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> arvind wrote:
>
> > How to pass the variables defined inside the function to the another
> > function on click event of the button in Tkinter?
>
>      def the_function(master):
>
>          variable = ...
>
>          def callback():
>              print variable
> 
>          b = Button(master, command=callback)
> 
> </F>



From Peter.Bienstman at ugent.be  Mon Jul 24 10:34:07 2006
From: Peter.Bienstman at ugent.be (Peter Bienstman)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:34:07 +0200
Subject: mingw extension modules hang
Message-ID: <200607241634.07740.Peter.Bienstman@ugent.be>

Hi,

I'm having some problems with scripts using Python extension modules compiled 
using mingw.

* Some of them work fine if I run them from a command prompt. However, if I 
double click on them, or run them from within IDLE, they seem to hang.
* Other scripts always seem to hang, even if I start them from the command 
prompt.

If I try running the extension module through gdb and I manage to interrupt 
it, it seems to be hanging in 
_C__loewis_release_python_PCBuild_libpython24_a_iname()

Could this have anything to do with the mixing of MSVCRT and MSVCR71, or do 
issues related to that have a different signature?

It's a fairly complex extension module, requiring Boost.Python and Blitz, 
using scons for the building of the dll, rather than distutils.

Needless to say, they run fine under Linux.

Peter
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From robin at reportlab.com  Mon Jul  3 12:40:20 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 17:40:20 +0100
Subject: Embedded python problem
Message-ID: <44A94874.1040400@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

We have a client using a fully embedded python in a large DTP app. It used to be 
Mac OS 9/X only, but the MAC 9 support has gone away and we now have support for 
the PC with the embedding being used in C# via external DLL aliasing/marshalling 
etc etc.

The embedding DLL has effectively a single entry point called _run_string; this 
takes an LPStr string and with minor wrapping (to collect sys.stderr) is passed 
to an exec statement doing

exec code in __main__.__dict__

The client is having problems with a pair of executions looking effectively like

String 0
class C:
   .....
def F(a):
   ... C()....
import pprint
pprint.pprint(globals(),open('/tmp/dump0.txt','w'))


String 1
import pprint
pprint.pprint(globals(),open('/tmp/dump1.txt','w'))
F('namesonly')


The import pprint stuff is used to attempt to resolve the problem of F having 
vanished in the second environment.

 From the outputs dump0.txt/dump1.txt I can see that both C and F are defined at 
the end of 0, but at the beginning of 1 C still exists (and appears to have the 
same address), but F is nowhere to be seen. I'm guessing that someone is 
cleaning up somewhere, but could this be some .Net threading issue?

When I run this with a simple C# test harness it does exactly as expected and F 
exists.

I have suggested wrapping the function as a class instance with a __del__ method 
  having a stack dump to see if the function is deleted deliberately somehow, 
but that won't work if in fact the second environment is in fact not the same as 
the other. Is there some way to work out if I'm in the same interpreter if in 
fact we're joining the DLL in two places perhaps?
-- 
Robin Becker



From ljcell at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 11:29:51 2006
From: ljcell at gmail.com (LJ)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 08:29:51 -0700
Subject: gmail/poplib: quickly detecting new mail
Message-ID: <1151767791.512857.307160@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I'm trying to monitor my gmail account to know when I have obtained a
new email.  It seems that once I have logged in, I should be able to
call the stat() function repeatedly to see how many messages are in my
inbox.  The problem is that this number does not seem to update until I
have logged out, and logged back in.  In other words, I run the code
below, send myself an email, and observe that the count does not
change.  If I kill the program and restart (hence logging back in),
then the total count is now updated.  The other function calls seem to
work the same way (eg "list" just shows the same list, even when I know
new mail has arrived).

Questions:
1. is this a standard behavior of pop protocol? (to give me the same
results for any API call on a single login?)
2. OR is this a peculiarity of gmail
3. is there a more efficient and correct way to see know when I have
received a new mail?  Currently my "working" method is to log out and
log back in.  With this method, I can get about 17 refreshes per minute
but anything faster and Gmail blocks me for a few minutes. (yes it is
important to my application that I have very frequent refreshes).

(see code sample below)

Thanks,
LJ

---

import poplib
import time
from email.Parser import Parser

parser = Parser()
server = poplib.POP3_SSL("pop.gmail.com", 995)
print server.user("XXX-MY_EMAIL")
print server.pass_("XXX-MY_PW")
server.set_debuglevel(0)

def getMsgCount():
  # check message count by stat() and list() functions
  numMsgs = server.stat()[0]
  print "Num msg by stat():", numMsgs
  print "Num msg by list():", len(server.list()[1])
  print "Most recent:", numMsgs, getSubj(numMsgs)
  return

def getSubj(which):
  # return subject of message with id 'which'
  msg = "\n".join(server.top(which, 1)[1])
  email = parser.parsestr(msg)
  return email.get("Subject")

while True:
  print "--"
  getMsgCount()
  time.sleep(2)



From brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk  Tue Jul 18 09:04:14 2006
From: brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk (Brian Elmegaard)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:04:14 +0200
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk> <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
	<1153224677.268625.130970@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <uwtabjc8h.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>

"Nick Vatamaniuc" <vatamane at gmail.com> writes:

> if l[-1].setdefault(a+c, x+e)<x+e:
>     l[-1][a+c]=x+e

Thanks for the answer. I will try it.

-- 
Brian (remove the sport for mail)
http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk


From lunixinclar at orange.fr  Tue Jul 25 21:53:04 2006
From: lunixinclar at orange.fr (Rob Sinclar)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 03:53:04 +0200
Subject: HELP!!! How do I send an ACK packet in UDP?????
In-Reply-To: <1153867693.727100.253850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153794205.715935.50710@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<GRgxg.1262$Cn6.921@tornado.texas.rr.com>
	<1153867693.727100.253850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607260353.04935.lunixinclar@orange.fr>

On Wednesday 26 July 2006 00:48, myersoft at gmail.com wrote:
> how do I send an ack packet????????

UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. Ther'es no ack like in TCP.
Define your own protocol ie when machine1 sends the string "ACK",
machine2 has the acknowledge it wanted.

Regards,
Rob


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 08:30:46 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 22:30:46 +1000
Subject: Detupleize a tuple for argument list
References: <9ok66sntuw.fsf@gonzo.vircinity>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.12.30.44.598595@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Wed, 05 Jul 2006 14:01:27 +0200, Marco Wahl wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I want to give a tuple to a function where the function
> expects the respective tuple-size number of arguments.
> 
> The following session illustrates what I want to do and
> the respective failure.
> 
>  Python 2.4.1 (#7, Aug  3 2005, 14:55:58) 
>  [GCC 3.3.1 (SuSE Linux)] on linux2
>  Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>  >>> def foo(a, b): print a, b
>  ... 
>  >>> t = (1, 2)
>  >>> def foo(a, b): print 'a == %s, b == %s' % (str(a), str(b))
>  ... 
>  >>> foo(1, 2)
>  a == 1, b == 2
>  >>> foo(t)
>  Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
>  TypeError: foo() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)

Easy:  foo(*t)

-- 
Steve.



From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 21:19:39 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 18:19:39 -0700
Subject: a print bug?
In-Reply-To: <slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153921017.765069.68890@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnecesf8.7ns.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153963179.645250.213030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> It has nothing to do with the print command, and everything with
> floating point precision. See http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html


how about the discrepancy between

>>> print 1.2345

1.2345

>>> print "%10.3f" % 1.2345    # seems like a bug

     1.234

the first one, print knows enough to recognize and print it as 1.2345.
however, in the second line, when it is round off, it doesn't know it
is 1.2345 any more.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 13 05:20:37 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 11:20:37 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
	<1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b61066$0$11777$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
>>In <1152778446.236509.151730 at 35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>, mystilleef
>>wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Maric Michaud wrote:
(snip)

>>>>But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or
>>>>method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.
>>>
>>>Right, and what if I want to change a private API to a public one. How
>>>does that solve my naming issues.
>>
>>Then you have to change all references to that private attribute.  What's
>>the problem here?  As it was private I would expect to find all the
>>references "nearby" in the same module or class.
> 
> Right, but tmp isn't private.

Right, but that's your choice. Would you complain about "almost any
other language" if you had to hunt a badly named public method thru 27KLOC ?

(snip)

>>Python is not almost all other languages and in Python code you usually
>>won't find those trivial getters and setters because we have properties if
>>the access might become a bit more complex in the future.
>> 
> Ha! I bet you haven't read too many Python codes.
> 
I have read tens of thousands LOC of Python in the seven past years.
Computed attributes came in with 2.2x IIRC, so there's a lot of 'legacy'
code that uses getters and setters. Porting this code to a
computed-attribute style would break all client code. Having the two
schemes coexisting would make for bloated APIs and
too-many-ways-to-do-it. So we live with this until Py3K. And none of
these considerations contradicts the point that there's no more use for
javaish getters/setters in Python, nor that javaish getters/setters are
not pythonic.



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Tue Jul 11 16:14:53 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 22:14:53 +0200
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <1152645085.978812.149480@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152645085.978812.149480@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e910ru$rsu$3@news.albasani.net>

Ant wrote:
>> Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"?
> 
>>>> try:
> ...   raise AttributeError
> ... except Exception, ex:
> ...   if isinstance(ex, AttributeError):
> ...     print "Won't catch it!"
> ...     raise ex
> ...
> 
> Won't catch it!
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "<stdin>", line 7, in ?
> AttributeError
> 
> Or that sort of thing.

To just reraise an exception, use a bare "raise".

Georg


From just at xs4all.nl  Tue Jul 25 08:57:18 2006
From: just at xs4all.nl (Just)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 14:57:18 +0200
Subject: Stack trace in C
References: <mailman.8519.1153831141.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <just-9A3305.14571825072006@news1.news.xs4all.nl>

In article <mailman.8519.1153831141.27775.python-list at python.org>,
 Jean-Paul Calderone <exarkun at divmod.com> wrote:

> On Tue, 25 Jul 2006 14:20:41 +0200, Andre Poenitz <andre at svn2.wasy.de> wrote:
> >
> >
> >Bear with me - I am new to Python. (And redirect me to a more suitable
> >newsgroup in case this one is not appropriate.)
> >
> >I am trying to embed Python into a C++ application and want to get back
> >a backtrace in case of errors in the python code.
> 
> I think you'd have more luck with the traceback module, which has such
> methods as format_exception and print_tb.

>From C, PyErr_Print() is often handy (if only for debugging).

Just


From kay.schluehr at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 02:54:33 2006
From: kay.schluehr at gmx.net (Kay Schluehr)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 23:54:33 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153292073.005941.117520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Sanjay wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.
>
> Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
> business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
> ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:
>
> GeneratedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>   .
>   .
>   .
>
> End Class
>
> HandcraftedPerson.rb
> Class Person
>  .
>  .
>  .
> End Class
>
> The intrepretor adds the code in both to compose the class Person.
>
> What is the equivalent in Python? Inheriting is a way, but is not
> working in all scenerios.
>
> Thanks
> Sanjay

Python has no notion of a partial class because it is a pure compile
time construct. You might merge different class definitions by means of
a meta class that puts everything together but whether or not certain
methods in the merged class are available depends on which modules are
imported. This might give rise to a "virtual" or runtime module. It is
not a module that refers to a physical file on the disc but is a pure
runtime construct. When creating this module all physical modules that
define class fragments might be put together by means of the metaclass
mechanism.  I indeed used this construction to unify different access
points before I reimplemented it using partial classes in C# which are
very fine IMO.



From nick at craig-wood.com  Thu Jul 27 03:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 02:30:03 -0500
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<1153582976.746036.312330@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnecgpbq.is5.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com <bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com> wrote:
>  Hans wrote:
> > Is there a way that the program that created and started a thread also stops
> > it.
> > (My usage is a time-out).
> >
> > E.g.
> >
> > thread = threading.Thread(target=Loop.testLoop)
> > thread.start()     # This thread is expected to finish within a second
> > thread.join(2)    # Or time.sleep(2) ?
> 
>  No, Python has no threadicide method

Actually it does in the C API, but it isn't exported to python.
ctypes can fix that though.

> and its absence is not an oversight. Threads often have important
> business left to do, such as releasing locks on shared data; killing
> them at arbitrary times tends to leave the system in an inconsistent
> state.

Here is a demo of how to kill threads in python in a cross platform
way.  It requires ctypes.  Not sure I'd use the code in production but
it does work...

"""
How to kill a thread demo
"""

import threading
import time
import ctypes

class ThreadKilledError(Exception): pass
_PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc = ctypes.pythonapi.PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc
_c_ThreadKilledError = ctypes.py_object(ThreadKilledError)

def _do_stuff(t):
    """Busyish wait for t seconds.  Just sleeping delays the exeptions in the example"""
    start = time.time()
    while time.time() - start < t:
        time.sleep(0.01)

class KillableThread(threading.Thread):
    """
    Show how to kill a thread
    """
    def __init__(self, name="thread", *args, **kwargs):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.name = name
        print "Starting %s" % self.name
    def kill(self):
        """Kill this thread"""
        print "Killing %s" % self.name
        _PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc(self.id, _c_ThreadKilledError)
    def run(self):
        self.id = threading._get_ident()
        while 1:
            print "Thread %s running" % self.name
            _do_stuff(1.0)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    thread1 = KillableThread(name="thread1")
    thread1.start()
    _do_stuff(0.5)
    thread2 = KillableThread(name="thread2")
    thread2.start()
    _do_stuff(2.0)
    thread1.kill()
    thread1.join()
    _do_stuff(2.0)
    thread2.kill()
    thread2.join()
    print "Done"

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From frank at chagford.com  Wed Jul 19 09:13:24 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:13:24 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <1153311132.971933.291490@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153307981.505273.323240@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153310124.801099.290290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153311132.971933.291490@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153314804.353088.225320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


David Hughes wrote:
>
> AIUI, wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS is not a Command Event i.e. it doesn't
> propagate up the hierarchy of widgets until it gets handled, so it has
> to be bound explicitly to the control itself, as above.
>

Right.

This is one of the sources of confusion with events - which ones
'propagate up the hierarchy' and which ones do not.

This is a quote from the wxWidgets documentation -

"Typically events that deal with a window as a window (size, motion,
paint, mouse, keyboard, etc.) are sent only to the window. Events that
have a higher level of meaning and/or are generated by the window
itself, (button click, menu select, tree expand, etc.) are command
events and are sent up to the parent to see if it is interested in the
event."

Simon's first attempt would have been correct if EVT_KILL_FOCUS was
treated as a Command Event. Unfortunately, it is not, and therefore it
was not passed up to 'self' for handling.

Frank



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Thu Jul 27 15:42:56 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 12:42:56 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <44C91740.2090507@mvista.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
>   
>> Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but
>> issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be
>> addressed.
>>     
>
> Actually I don't understand the need for SSH.  This is traffic over a
> LAN, right?  Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted?  That's unusual; SSH
> is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the
> local network is usually trusted.  Hopefully it's not wireless.
>   
The reason for ssh is legacy.  I think the person who originally set 
things up (it was an 8 node farm at the time) just used ssh to execute 
commands on the remote machine.  It was a quick and dirty approach I 
believe, but at the time, it wasn't worth investing in anything better.  
Just setup some keys for each node and use ssh (as opposed to rexec or 
something else, I doubt they put much thought into it).  Its not a need 
as much as I was working with what was handed, and as in many projects, 
it becomes difficult to change everything at once.  So the goal was to 
change what we had to and abstract the ssh calls away so that we could 
do something better later.

-c

-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From thorsten at thorstenkampe.de  Thu Jul 13 12:08:20 2006
From: thorsten at thorstenkampe.de (Thorsten Kampe)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:08:20 +0100
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <vw0bzlrsr3d3.1atteae9l9bfl$.dlg@40tude.net>

* John Salerno (2006-07-13 14:54 +0000)
> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as 
> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation 
> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable 
> file to install it. But is it possible to do it some other way, such as 
> how you might build it yourself on Linux (although I don't know how to 
> do that yet) and then just write and run scripts normally straight from 
> your memory stick?

I use Python in connection with Cygwin from USB stick for more than a
year. Simply install cygwin on the stick (or copy it from a local
installation). Then use the following script to set the registry
entries before you first run any cygwin program. Now you have Python
in every Internet Cafe in the world ;-)...

,--- * mkcygwin.bat
| @ echo off
| set MOUNT=\cygwin\bin\mount -xfub
| 
| title [cygwin] importing settings
| 
| REM umount -c, umount -A
| reg delete "hklm\software\cygnus solutions" /f > nul 2>&1
| reg delete "hkcu\software\cygnus solutions" /f > nul 2>&1
| 
| %MOUNT% --change-cygdrive-prefix /cygdrive
| %MOUNT% %~d0\cygwin     /
| %MOUNT% %~d0\cygwin/bin /usr/bin
| %MOUNT% %~d0\cygwin/lib /usr/lib
| %MOUNT% %TEMP%          /tmp
`---


From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 18 10:38:09 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:38:09 +0000
Subject: Dr. Dobb's Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jul 17)
References: <e9g8gp$nlc$1@lairds.us>
Message-ID: <hb8vo3-dhd.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <e9g8gp$nlc$1 at lairds.us>,
Cameron Laird <python-url at phaseit.net> wrote:
			.
			.
			.
>    John Machin illustrates the rudiments of embedding:
>	http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/3189b10b83a6d64a/
			.
			.
			.
Oops; that should have been

  http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/a9fb3bed00a26678/

My apologies to those I've led astray.


From faulkner612 at comcast.net  Sun Jul  2 10:46:54 2006
From: faulkner612 at comcast.net (faulkner)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 07:46:54 -0700
Subject: Can I do it using python?? about xterm and telnet
In-Reply-To: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151814697.201988.17140@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151851614.069275.277950@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

try pexpect.
http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/

valpa wrote:
> I'm a net admin for about 20 unix servers, and I need to frequently
> telnet on to them and configure them.
> It is a tiring job to open a xterm and telnet, username, password to
> each server.
>
> Can I  do it automatically by python? After that, there have 20 xterm
> consoles opened and telneted to their corresponding servers. Then I
> could start to type command in these xterms.
> 
> Any suggestion appreciate. Much thanks.



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 14:50:06 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 13:50:06 -0500
Subject: scipy
In-Reply-To: <44b53993$0$854$edfadb0f@dread12.news.tele.dk>
References: <44b53993$0$854$edfadb0f@dread12.news.tele.dk>
Message-ID: <e93g8n$rhv$1@sea.gmane.org>

Aage Andersen wrote:
> I am exploring the modules scipy and linalg using python under Win XP and 
> IDLE.
> 
> Defining m=matrix( .. ) and trying to compute the inverse of m:
> 
>>>> inverse(m)
> 
> I get an array:
> 
>>>> array( .. )
> 
> This is unfortunate. I would rather have a matrix returned as the rules for 
> manipulating matrices and arrays differ.

Please ask these questions on scipy-user.

   http://www.scipy.org/Mailing_Lists

Recent SVN revisions of numpy.linalg should treat matrix objects sensibly. The 
scipy.linalg functions still need similar treatment. Patches are welcome.

>>>> matrix( .. ) + n
> 
> does not give the same as
> 
>>>> array( .. ) + n.
> 
> Trying to compute the determinant of a matrix m
> 
>>>> det(m)
> 
> my computer resets IDLE and I get an error messages.

You can enter a bug ticket in our Trac after registering. We will need to know 
what version of scipy and numpy you are using and the exact error messages that 
you are seeing.

   http://projects.scipy.org/scipy/scipy

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 07:33:19 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:33:19 +0200
Subject: rare error with python at execution
References: <001401c6a0e9$c749bb40$55dd31c0$@net>
Message-ID: <e8isdv$45i$1@sea.gmane.org>

Luis Morales wrote:

> But now I get this error everytime I run a script and I have no idea. It can
> be a simple print 'hello' that it wont work
>
> This is the error I get
>
> 'import site' failed; use -v for traceback
>
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>
>  File "D:\Archivos de programa\ActiveState Komodo
> 3.5\lib\support\dbgp\bin\pydbgp.py", line 61, in ?
>
>    if os.environ.has_key("PYDBGP_PATH"):
>
> AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'environ'

have you perhaps added a file named "os.py" to your project ?

</F> 





From mensanator at aol.com  Mon Jul 24 15:18:46 2006
From: mensanator at aol.com (mensanator at aol.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 12:18:46 -0700
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <1153763472.859286.113550@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1wsbi9x9.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153763472.859286.113550@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153768726.140064.247730@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Mir Nazim wrote:
> Paul Rubin wrote:
> > > 1060! / (1060 - 96)!
> >
>
> > More than you want to think about:
> >
> >     import math
> >
> >     def logf(n):
> >         """return base-10 logarithm of (n factorial)"""
> >         f = 0.0
> >         for x in xrange(1,n+1):
> >             f += math.log(x, 10)
> >         return f
> >
> >     print logf(1060) - logf(1060 - 96)
> >
> > Of course there are other ways you can calculate it, e.g.
>
> My problem is not to calculate this number, but generate this much
> number of permutations in a  fastest possible ways.
>
> by the way,  logf(1060) - logf(1060 - 96) = 288.502297251. Do you mean
> there are only 289 possible permutation if 1060 elements taken 96 at a
> time. Wow it is cool.
>
> Please correct me if I got something wrong

Not 289, but 10**288.502297251.

That would make generating them all slightly intractable.



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 24 14:08:21 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:08:21 GMT
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8473.1153761216.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>	<1153673888.814425.87910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<YI6xg.2560$No6.50883@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8473.1153761216.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <p08xg.2561$No6.50765@news.tufts.edu>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:

> While I don't doubt that there are many applications that are well-suited
> for web apps and that there are a number of good reasons for making some
> apps web-based, why do you think web programming is /not/ GUI programming? 

Personally I enjoy GUI programming, so I'm not really one of the people 
that recommend a web app instead. I was just throwing that out there as 
a possibility. After all, it does seem easier to use a few HTML buttons 
and textboxes in a table than to have to learn even the basics of 
something like wxPython or Tkinter. But wxPython is fun anyway, so I 
recommend it.


From CronoCloud at mchsi.com  Wed Jul 12 04:35:46 2006
From: CronoCloud at mchsi.com (Ron Rogers Jr.)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:35:46 GMT
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060712033307.35e0b4c9@midgar>

On 9 Jul 2006 16:42:27 -0700
mamadu at islamabad.net wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but
> would rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am
> therefore looking for a good IDE to learn Python. 
> 
> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?


Python comes with IDLE.  It should be in /usr/local/bin

If not try:

python2.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.4/idlelib/idle.py

I like idle as a beginner because it's easy for me to test out
my simple little learning scripts while in it. (though I figure
there's probably a way to do that from within vim or emacs)

As some suggested, as a beginner you don't need much of a super
powered IDE.  If I wasn't using IDLE, I'd be using vim or gvim.


CronoCloud (Ron Rogers Jr.)




From gelists at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 16:36:22 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 17:36:22 -0300
Subject: How to generate geometric random numbers?
References: <1153685540.261883.297140@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1ssz3giva7kt7$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-23 17:12:20, MyInfoStation at gmail.com wrote:

> I am a newbie to Python and would like to genereate some numbers
> according to geometric distribution. However, the Python Random package
> seems do not have implemented functionality. I am wondering is there
> exist any other libraries that can do this job? 

The usual way is to generate standard random numbers (linear distribution)
and then apply whatever transformation you need to generate the desired
distribution.

Gerhard



From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 04:58:25 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 01:58:25 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8642.1154064538.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154077105.746752.153440@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Roman Susi wrote:
> Ben Sizer wrote:
> > The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;)
>
> Is it a bad thing?

I don't know. I suppose that depends on how you define 'bad'! For me,
it is often inconvenient, because I'd prefer to use Python but
generally find that I have to choose something else if I want to do the
best possible for any particular project.

In my case, multimedia and game support is patchy, and web development
support is still oriented towards the Java/enterprise user - if CGI
doesn't suffice, that is. In the original poster's case, it's seemingly
because specific database support seems to be lacking. Improving the
libraries in these areas would hopefully increase the diversity of
Python's potential applications rather than diminish it.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From durumdara at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 08:11:55 2006
From: durumdara at gmail.com (Durumdara)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 14:11:55 +0200
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
In-Reply-To: <9e384ef60607310057u50e238c9kec458c3ce2669ca6@mail.gmail.com>
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<8mgkc25ire1geis0uorthgaa5dkqj5v5q4@4ax.com>
	<9e384ef60607310057u50e238c9kec458c3ce2669ca6@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <9e384ef60607310511s46c14c53xf329987ceed8f743@mail.gmail.com>

Hi !

A new version with binary data handling. 103 seconds with 1000 data
exchange.

import os, sys, time, binascii, cPickle

bpath,bname=os.path.split(sys.argv[0])

def Log(Msg,IsMaster,First=False):
    fn=sys.argv[0]+'.'+['c','m'][int(IsMaster)]+'.log'
    mode='aw'[int(First)]
    f=open(fn,mode)
    f.write('\n%s:\n'%time.time())
    f.write('%s\n'%Msg)
    f.flush()
    f.close()

def ReadTextPacket(SourceStream):
    packet=SourceStream.read(6)
    psize=int(packet)
    packet=SourceStream.read(psize)
    return packet

def WriteTextPacket(DestStream,Packet):
    Packet=str(Packet)
    DestStream.write('%06d'%len(Packet))
    DestStream.write(Packet)
    DestStream.flush()

import base64

def PackObj(Obj):
    pckpacket=cPickle.dumps(Obj)
    enstr=base64.encodestring(pckpacket)
    return enstr

def UnpackObj(Packet):
    pckpacket=base64.decodestring(Packet)
    obj=cPickle.loads(pckpacket)
    return obj

#s=PackObj([1,None,'A']*10)
#print s
#print UnpackObj(s)
#sys.exit()

def ReadBinPacket(SourceStream):
    txtpacket=ReadTextPacket(SourceStream)
    obj=UnpackObj(txtpacket)
    return obj

def WriteBinPacket(DestStream,Obj):
    txtpacket=PackObj(Obj)
    WriteTextPacket(DestStream,txtpacket)


if 'C' in sys.argv:
    Log('Client started',0,1)
    try:
        while 1:
            #Log('Waiting for packet',0,0)
            data=ReadBinPacket(sys.stdin)
            #Log('Packet received',0,0)
            #Log('The packet is: %s'%([data]),0,0)
            #Log('Print the result',0,0)
            WriteBinPacket(sys.stdout,"Master wrote: %s"%([data]))
            if str(data).strip()=='quit':
                Log('Quit packet received',0,0)
                break
    except Exception,E:
        Log(str(E),0,0)
    Log('Client finished',0,0)
else:
    Log('Master started',1,1)
    try:
        Log('Start subprocess',1,0)
        import time
        st=time.time()
        child_stdin,child_stdout=os.popen2(r'c:\python24\python.exe %s
C'%(bname))
        for i in range(1000):
            #Log('Send packet',1,0)
            WriteBinPacket(child_stdin,['Alma'*100,i])
            #Log('Waiting for packet',1,0)
            s=ReadBinPacket(child_stdout)
            #Log('Packet is: %s'%([s]),1,0)
            #Log('Print packet',1,0)
            #print "Client's answer",[s]
            import time
            time.sleep(0.1)
        #Log('Send packet',1,0)
        WriteBinPacket(child_stdin,'quit')
        #Log('Waiting for packet',1,0)
        s=ReadBinPacket(child_stdout)
        #Log('Packet is: %s'%([s]),1,0)
        #Log('Print packet',1,0)
        #print "Client's answer",[s]
        Log('Master finished',1,0)
    except Exception,E:
        Log(str(E),1,0)
    print time.time()-st

dd
-------------- next part --------------
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From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:28:05 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:28:05 -0700
Subject: Full splitting of a file's pathname
Message-ID: <1152541685.379726.255880@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I know about os.path.split(), but Is there any standard function for
"fully" splitting a file's pathname? A function that is the opposite of
the os.path.join() function? For example:

>>> ret = myster_function(./foo/bar/moo/lar/myfile.txt)
>>> print ret
['.', 'foo', 'bar', 'moo', 'lar', 'myfile.txt']

In the meanwhile, I'll do this by hand. I'm just curious if there is a
standard way to do this.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Tue Jul  4 08:36:02 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 14:36:02 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>

Tim N. van der Leeuw wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> The following might be documented somewhere, but it hit me unexpectedly
> and I couldn't exactly find this in the manual either.
> 
> Problem is, that I cannot use augmented assignment operators in a
> nested scope, on variables from the outer scope:

<snip/>

> Is this an implementation artifact, bug, or should it really just
> follow logically from the language definition?

>From the docs:

"""
An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as x = x + 1
to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the augmented
version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the actual
operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than creating a new
object and assigning that to the target, the old object is modified
instead. 
"""

The first part is the important one. If you expand

x += 1

to 

x = x + 1

it becomes clear under the python scoping rules that x is being treated as a
local to the inner scope.

There has been a discussion about this recently on  python-dev[1] and this
NG - google for it.



Regards,

Diez


[1] http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065902.html


From dedded at verizon.net  Mon Jul 31 21:25:40 2006
From: dedded at verizon.net (Dan)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 21:25:40 -0400
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
Message-ID: <44CEAD94.4010103@verizon.net>

Andy Dingley wrote:
[snip]
 > Python is one of the best languages I've found for
 > platform-independence - significantly better than Perl.
[big snip]

This statement was given in the context of Windows and Linux, and I've 
precious little experience doing anything on Windows. So I won't 
challenge it in the least, and in fact do not doubt it.

But taken out of that context, I'll challenge it.  I was first exposed 
to Python about five or six years ago--my boss asked me to consider it. 
What I found was that the current version of Python was V2.2, but newest 
version (that I could find) that ran on VMS was V1.4.  I decided to 
stick with Perl, which provides excellent support for VMS.

Now that I no longer need to worry about VMS, I prefer Python. Quite a bit.

/Dan


From rurpy at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 16:42:49 2006
From: rurpy at yahoo.com (rurpy at yahoo.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:42:49 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

PTY wrote:
> Which is better?
>
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
>
> OR
>
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()

A dozen posts, but nobody has posted the right
answer yet, so I will :-)

It doesn't matter -- use whichever you prefer (*)
This is an angels on the head of a pin issue.

(*) -- If your code is part of an existing body of
code that uses one or the other style consistently,
then you should do the same.



From costello.bob at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 13:01:39 2006
From: costello.bob at gmail.com (costello.bob at gmail.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 10:01:39 -0700
Subject: Problem Solved
In-Reply-To: <1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151378614.481850.271340@c74g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152788230.063351.62570@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152826937.596361.298330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152834376.609414.169340@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153069299.414577.26150@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


dylpkls91 wrote:
> Thank you all for your responses.
>
> I have managed to figure out a solution using XML RPC which fits my
> needs perfectly.

Mind posting it for us lesser beings? ;)



From vatamane at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 17:10:05 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 14:10:05 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Dave,

Sometimes generating classes from .ini or XML files is not the best
way. You are just translating one language into another and are making
bigger headaches for your self. It is certainly cool and bragable to
say that "my classes get generated on the fly from XML" but  Python is
terse and reasonable enough to just write it in Python. In other words
instead of saying <turbine> <power>2MW</power></turbine> just write
some Python code that instantiates a turbine  with a 2MW power based on
your class. Then you can evaluate Python code in Python and you even
got your on-the-fly generation.
As a general rule, I would say to think 3 times before touching XML in
Python unless you are absolutely forced to. Config .ini files can be
more acceptable but Python is still best. Why write
;;My turbine class
[turbine]
power=2MW
speed=800rpm
...
when you can just say:
#my turbine class
t=Turbine( power="2MW", \
               speed="800rpm", \
               ...
First case is a little shorter but then you have to use a parser for it
while in the second case you just execute the file, and besides, you
can edit it with any Python editor.

Hope this helps,
Nick V.


davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> Hi
>
> > Also, I gave the example using Python code as 'config' format, but any
> > structured enough text format could do, ie JSON, XML, or even ini-like:
> >
> > # schema.ini
> > objects = turbine1, frobnicator2
> >
> > [turbine1]
> > class=Turbine
> > upstream=frobnicator2
> > downstream=
> >
>
> yes, I like the idea of using .ini type file format or XML, very much.
> There are parser available which will automatically building python
> objects from this, won't they (like configparser)? I'll have to get
> reading over the weekend...
>
> > >>def get_class_by_name(name):
> > >>  return globals()[name]
> > >
> >
> > Q&D way to retrieve the class object (Python's classes are themselves
> > objects) known by it's name (as a string).
>
> ok, so it actually returns the class object itself.
> One thing that confuses me is that objects have a name (self.name) but
> object instances also have a name (e.g. myspecialturbine = turbine(...)
> ---- how do I discover the name 'myspecialturbine' ?). And object
> instances have a class name too ('turbine'). Aaargh, too many names!
> what if just want to know what the name of the instance is (in this
> case 'myspecialturbine'?)
>
> Right. I'll have a go at pulling all this together over the weekend
> hopefully. Hurrah! Thanks for all the help, to everyone.
> Dave



From ryanshewcraft at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:35:55 2006
From: ryanshewcraft at gmail.com (ryanshewcraft at gmail.com)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:35:55 -0700
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <44c61aba$0$5512$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832596.886842.218820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c61aba$0$5512$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153834555.914273.310450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>



> FWIW, always try to reduce code to the minimal runnable snippet
> exhibiting the problem, so others have a chance to help you. As a
> side-effect, one very often finds the problem while doing so !-)

Sorry I can't post to much of the code.  Some of what I'm using is
grabbing infromation off of our internal database, and for compliance
reasons I can't print enough code so that it would actually run.
Thanks for you help anyways, I'll try and figure out what I can.  If
necessary I'll retool the whole thing



From jeff_barish at earthlink.net  Mon Jul  3 11:38:57 2006
From: jeff_barish at earthlink.net (Jeffrey Barish)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 09:38:57 -0600
Subject: Controlling Windows Media Player from Python
Message-ID: <e8bdmh$bft$1@sea.gmane.org>

Is there a way to interact with Windows Media Player from Python?  I would
like to be able to do things like tell WMP to play a given sound file or to
ask WMP for metadata about a sound file.
-- 
Jeffrey Barish



From frank at frankritchie.com  Mon Jul 17 16:11:53 2006
From: frank at frankritchie.com (spec)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:11:53 -0700
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
Message-ID: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all, I know nothing about Python. What I need to do is to get a
Python script to execute a local shell script. I do not need any
output. What would be th eeasiest way to accomplish this?

Thanks!



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 16 10:09:55 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 07:09:55 -0700
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153058995.513149.244080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Daniel Nogradi wrote:
> What is the simplest way to instantiate all classes that are
> subclasses of a given class in a module?
>
> More precisely I have a module m with some content:
>
> # m.py
> class A:
>     pass
> class x( A ):
>     pass
> class y( A ):
>     pass
> # all kinds of other objects follow
> # end of m.py
>
> and then in another module I have currently:
>
> # n.py
> import m
> x = m.x( )
> y = m.y( )
> # end of n.py
>
> and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
> instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
> classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
> are subclasses of A.
>
> Any ideas?

It's pretty easy


import m
from inspect import getmembers, isclass, getmro

t = '%s = m.%s()'

for name, class_ in getmembers(m, isclass):
    if class_ is m.A:
        continue
    if m.A in getmro(class_):
        exec t % (name, name)


Peace,
~Simon



From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Thu Jul 13 14:15:17 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 11:15:17 -0700
Subject: RedHat: Easiest way to upgrade from Python 2.3 to 2.4
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8138.1152812527.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152811775.146745.116260@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8138.1152812527.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152814517.262402.29510@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> DO NOT do a full install; you'll most likely break RedHat stuff if you
> do that.

I was expecting an rpm to do the update. This is a sensitive production
box. I think I should just continue with Python 2.3.

Regards,



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Thu Jul 27 11:54:07 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:54:07 GMT
Subject: function to convert degree (hour), minute,
	seconds string to integer
References: <1153967597.980549.6940@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <zk5yg.19632$Cn6.5900@tornado.texas.rr.com>

<google0 at lazytwinacres.net> wrote in message
news:1153967597.980549.6940 at h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> I know this is a trivial function, and I've now spent more time
> searching for a surely-already-reinvented wheel than it would take to
> reinvent it again, but just in case... is there a published,
> open-source, function out there that takes a string in the form of
> "hh:mm:ss" (where hh is 00-23, mm is 00-59, and ss is 00-59) and
> converts it to an integer (ss + 60 * (mm + 60 * hh))?  I'd like
> something that throws an exception if hh, mm, or ss is out of range, or
> perhaps does something "reasonable" (like convert "01:99" to 159).
> Thanks,
>     --dang

In a froth of functionalism, here is my submission.

-- Paul


tests = """\
00:00:00
01:01:01
23:59:59
24:00:00
H1:00:00
12:34:56.789""".split("\n")

def time2secs(t,decimal=False):
    if decimal:
        tflds = map(float,t.split(":"))
    else:
        tflds = map(int,t.split(".")[0].split(":"))
    nomorethan = lambda (a,maxa) : 0 <= a < maxa
    if sum(map(nomorethan, zip(tflds,(24,60,60)))) == len(tflds):
        return reduce(lambda a,b: a*60+b, tflds)
    else:
        raise ValueError("invalid time field value in '%s'" % str(t))

for tt in tests:
    try:
        print time2secs(tt)
        print time2secs(tt,True)
    except Exception,e:
        print "%s: %s" % (e.__class__.__name__, e)




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From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:56:50 -0700
Subject: CANADA VISA CANADA STUDENT VISA CANADA VISA Jobs With VISA
	Sponsorship, CANADA VISA  immigration, CANADA VISA Sponsorship,
	CANADA VISA
Message-ID: <1151935010.859002.20060@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

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From fredrik at pythonware.com  Sat Jul  8 06:17:28 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 12:17:28 +0200
Subject: Parsing HTML--looking for info/comparison of HTMLParser vs. 
	htmllib modules.
In-Reply-To: <e8nlq2$dus$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <44AEA402.8020007@sbcglobal.net> <e8nlq2$dus$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8o0nm$7ga$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

> the only difference between the libs (*) is that HTMLParser is a bit 
> stricter

*) "the libs" referring to htmllib and HTMLParser, not htmllib and sgmllib.

</F>



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 15:31:10 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 12:31:10 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> > Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> >
> > I don't get what threading and Twisted would to do for
> > you. The problem you actually have is that you sometimes
> > need terminate these other process running other programs.
> > Use spawn, fork/exec* or maybe one of the popens.
> >
> I have a strong need for shared memory space in a large distributed
> environment.

Distributed shared memory is a tough trick; only a few systems simulate
it.

>  How does spawn, fork/exec allow me to meet that need?

I have no idea why you think threads or fork/exec will give you
distributed
shared memory.

> I'll look into it, but I was under the impression having shared memory
> in this situation would be pretty hairy.  For example, I could fork of a
> 50 child processes, but then I would have to setup some kind of
> communication mechanism between them where the server builds up a queue
> of requests from child processes and then services them in a FIFO
> fashion, does that sound about right?

That much is easy. What it has to with what you say you require
remains a mystery.


> > Threads have little to do with what you say you need.
> >
> > [...]
> >
> >> I feel like this is something we've established multiple times.  Yes, we
> >> want the thread to kill itself.  Alright, now that we agree on that,
> >> what is the best way to do that.
> >>
> >
> > Wrong. In your examples, you want to kill other processes. You
> > can't run external programs such as ssh as Python threads. Ending
> > a Python thread has essentially nothing to do with it.
> >
> There's more going on than ssh here.  Since I want to run multiple
> processes to multiple devices at one time and still have mass shared
> memory I need to use threads.

No, you would need to use something that implements shared
memory across multiple devices. Threads are multiple lines of
execution in the same address space.

>  There's a mass distributed system that
> needs to be controlled, that's the problem I'm trying to solve.  You can
> think of each ssh as a lengthy IO process that each gets its own
> device.  I use the threads to allow me to do IO to multiple devices at
> once, ssh just happens to be the IO. The combination of threads and ssh
> allowed us to have a *primitive* distributed system (and it works too,
> so I *can* run external programs in python threads).

No, you showed launching it from a Python thread using os.system().
It's not running in the thread; it's running in a separate process.

> I didn't say is
> was the best or the correct solution, but it works and its what I was
> handed when I was thrown into this project.  I'm hoping in fifteen years
> or when I get an army of monkeys to fix it, it will change.  I'm not
> worried about killing processes, that's easy, I could kill all the sshs
> or whatever else I want without batting an eye.

After launching it with os.sytem()? Can you show the code?


-- 
--Bryan



From jes at nl.demon.net  Mon Jul 10 16:25:58 2006
From: jes at nl.demon.net (Jim Segrave)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:25:58 -0000
Subject: re question
References: <e8tn4k$1vo$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>
Message-ID: <12b5dum701q7fdb@corp.supernews.com>

In article <e8tn4k$1vo$1 at news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>,
Sch?le Daniel  <uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de> wrote:
>Hello,
>
>consider the following code
>
> >>> re.search("[a-z](?i)[a-z]","AA")
><_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x40177e20>
>
>this gives a match
>if we provide an extra group for the first character it still works
>
> >>> re.search("([a-z])(?i)[a-z]","AA").group(1)
>'A'
> >>>
>
>it doesn't matter where (?i) is placed, right?
>the re engine would glance at once on the entire pattern string
>analize it (complain if pattern doesn't make sense, eg invalid)
>and it would be the same as if the option was given expicitely
>as re.IGNORECASE.
>
>Is there a way to switch-off the option resp.
>switch-on the option in the middle of the pattern?

The docs say:

(?iLmsux)
    (One or more letters from the set "i", "L", "m", "s", "u", "x".)
    The group matches the empty string; the letters set the
    corresponding flags (re.I, re.L, re.M, re.S, re.U, re.X) for the
                                                             ^^^^^^^  
    entire regular expression. This is useful if you wish to include
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

    the flags as part of the regular expression, instead of passing a
    flag argument to the compile() function.


Some regex packages, but not Python's, support (?-<flag>) and this
allows turning the flag off and on for parts of the regex.



-- 
Jim Segrave           (jes at jes-2.demon.nl)



From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 17 15:48:35 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 19:48:35 -0000
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153164960.252709.46920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bnqcjq3j5mu1d@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>> If the server _application_ crashes or exits, then the OS will
>> close the socket and recv() will return "".  If somebody powers
>> down the server without warning, or if the server OS crashes,
>> or if the Ethernet cable between the Internet and the server is
>> cut, then the socket will not be closed, and recv() will wait
>> forever[1].
>
> Ok, yes all of the above is what i mean. Actually I am not too
> concerned about a server os crash, or the cable being cut. But I have
> had them close the connection on me, after which i just reconnect
> (whenever i discover that its happened)
>
>>[1] Unless you've enabled the TCP Keepalive feature, in which
>>    case the socket will timeout in a couple hours and recv()
>>    will return "".
>
> if this is something that must be enabled, or is not enabled by
> default, then it is not enabled.

On all OSes with which I'm familiar it's disabled by default.
You use a socket object's setsockopt method to enable it:

s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_TCP,socket.SO_KEEPALIVE,True)

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Wow! Look!! A stray
                                  at               meatball!! Let's interview
                               visi.com            it!


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 07:58:20 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 04:58:20 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec9bbp.lmc.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1kfre1jz9qmo4$.11mk99olj3zfm$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c77b6c$0$14327$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1gplk685cld7c.kbdh6drne8zq.dlg@40tude.net>
	<1153926981.028296.15100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<blcrfkasqnk9.1quyo6mr21h8z.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c7965d$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<p5l988umod8b$.111cv4nmc2qkf.dlg@40tude.net>
	<44c87a3f$0$673$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1154001500.165069.67270@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> Please define "security". I fail to see how language-inforced access
> restriction (and mandatory declarative static typing etc) relates to
> 'security'. As far as I'm concerned, security is about protecting a
> system from piracy, not about inflicting useless pain to programmers.

I must agree here. When I am coding I appreciate ease of referencing
things above and beyond a language tying my hands behind my back
supposedly in the name of security. If I am savvy enough and know what
I am doing I can create classes, methods, etc. that implement an
effective security model in terms of encapsulation and hiding. But
there are times that I am creating something that I don't want boxed in
by the language enforcing all of this for me. It's like when people
dismiss PHP as a supposedly insecure language. It's more a problem of
too many newly initiated PHP developers not using techniques they
should be to create secure applications.



From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Sun Jul 30 12:48:46 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 09:48:46 -0700
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
In-Reply-To: <NM3zg.1529$W93.507@dukeread05>
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05> <NM3zg.1529$W93.507@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154278126.311901.31260@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> Philippe Martin wrote:
> > You need to have you server in a separate thread.
> PS:
>
> http://wiki.wxpython.org/index.cgi/LongRunningTasks


And here's an important bit from the wxWindows doc:

  For communication between secondary threads and the main thread,
  you may use wxEvtHandler::AddPendingEvent or its short version
  wxPostEvent. These functions have thread safe implementation
  [...]
  <http://www.wxwindows.org/manuals/2.6.3/wx_wxthreadoverview.html>

Calling various wxWindows functions from threads other than the
one that runs the GUI, can cause a crash. Use only those that the
authoritative documentation states to be thread-safe, such as
wxPostEvent. The Wiki page that Pilippe cited says that
wxCallAfter uses wxPostEvent internally, so it should also be
thread-safe. I still wouldn't use it; internals are subject to
change.


-- 
--Bryan



From tim.peters at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 03:06:19 2006
From: tim.peters at gmail.com (Tim Peters)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 03:06:19 -0400
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
In-Reply-To: <1152687126.405231.75990@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
	<1152687126.405231.75990@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1f7befae0607120006k60afa7e2lec09e4a76bdd9a54@mail.gmail.com>

[Grant Edwards]
>> ...
>> The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
>> portion of the returned hash?
>>
>> >>> hex(12416037344)
>> '0x2E40DB1E0L'
>> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffffffffffff)
>> '0xFFFFFFFFE40DB1E0L'
>>
>> >>> hex(12416037344 & 0xffffffff)
>> '0xE40DB1E0L'
>> >>> hex(-468864544 & 0xffffffff)
>> '0xE40DB1E0L'

[Qiangning Hong]
> Is this relationship (same low 32 bits) guaranteed?

No.  Nothing about hashes is guaranteed, except that when x and y are
of a hashable type, and x == y, then hash(x) == hash(y) too.

> Will it change in the future version?

That's possible, but not planned.  Note that the guts of string
hashing in CPython today is implemented via

	while (--len >= 0)
		x = (1000003*x) ^ *p++;

where x is C type "long", and the C language doesn't even define what
that does (behavior when signed multiplication overflows isn't defined
in C).


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Sat Jul  1 12:43:53 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 09:43:53 -0700
Subject: beautifulsoup .vs tidy
References: <mailman.7681.1151726789.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151731404.400513.277050@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151772233.103785.3240@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Ravi Teja wrote:
>
> 1.) XPath is not a good idea at all with "malformed" HTML or perhaps
> web pages in general.

import libxml2dom
import urllib
f = urllib.urlopen("http://wiki.python.org/moin/")
s = f.read()
f.close()
# s contains HTML not XML text
d = libxml2dom.parseString(s, html=1)
# get the community-related links
for label in d.xpath("//li[.//a/text() = 'Community']//li//a/text()"):
    print label.nodeValue

Of course, lxml should be able to do this kind of thing as well. I'd be
interested to know why this "is not a good idea", though.

Paul



From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 15:06:04 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 12:06:04 -0700
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
In-Reply-To: <e8oq06$5cs$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
References: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152377895.957276.65550@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e8oq06$5cs$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
Message-ID: <1152385563.985755.90880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi Spooky,

Try looking at the wx.HtmlWindow demo - it is cross platform and is
pretty capable.

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell

http://www.latedecember.com/sites/personal/davy/



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul  4 03:36:28 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:36:28 GMT
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151785661.339253.166350@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneak6js.uat.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-01, cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com <conrad.ammon at gmail.com> wrote:
> There's a few good reasons.
> 1 - golden handcuffs.  Breaking old code is bad 90% of the time
> 2 - creating a set MAY be slower.
>
> Python's sets seem to imply to that they will always be a hash map.  in
> this case, some creative hash map "mapping" could allow one to create a
> set without calculating hash codes (make the set hashmap have the same
> dimentions and rules as the dictionary one).
> If there was intent to allow Python implementations to use trees for
> the set, then a list is far faster to create (O(n) time instead of
> O(nlogn)).
>
> 3 - using a set is sometimes slower (just as using a list is sometimes
> slower)
> I can't speak for your code, but this is the most common use of keys in
> my coding:

> # d is some dictionary
> keys = d.keys()
> keys.sort()
> for k in keys:
>   #blah

Wouldn't you be better of with a tree instead of dictionary? Maybe
there are other reasons to prefer a dict, but have a look at:

  http://www.pardon-sleeuwaegen.be/antoon/avltree.html

Suppose t is a tree implementing the same mapping a your dictionary
d above, the code would be:

  # t is some tree
  for k in t:
    #blah

And the keys will be treated in order.


If you try it, let me know what you think of it.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul  3 12:14:31 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:14:31 +0200
Subject: Program analysis (pseudocode if possible)
In-Reply-To: <v2bqg.10727$Bh.6089@tornado.texas.rr.com>
References: <1151936528.902682.49310@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a93c41$0$22783$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<v2bqg.10727$Bh.6089@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <44a94267$0$10291$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Paul McGuire wrote:
> "Bruno Desthuilliers" <onurb at xiludom.gro> wrote in message
> news:44a93c41$0$22783$626a54ce at news.free.fr...
> <snip>
> 
>><pseudocode>
>>
>>BEGIN PROGRAM
>>  read_this('http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html')
>>  do_your_homework()
> 
>       if (cant_figure_it_out)
        BEGIN
>            post_specific_question_on_relevant_newsgroup("comp.lang.c")
            answer =
post_specific_question_on_relevant_newsgroup("comp.lang.c")
            assert answer == DO_YOUR_HOMEWORK
        END IF
>>END PROGRAM
>>
>>-- 
>>bruno desthuilliers
>>python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
>>p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"
> 
> 
> 


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From anoopsanthosh at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 02:26:07 2006
From: anoopsanthosh at gmail.com (Anoop)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 23:26:07 -0700
Subject: Depricated String Functions in Python
Message-ID: <1153376767.053608.177060@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi All

Can any one help me out with the various depricated string functions
that is followed in Python.

For example how will be string.lower depricated.

As far as string.lower('PYTHON') is concerned it is depricated as
'PYTHON'.lower(). Both of them would return an output : >>> python

Thanks for your inputs

Regards

Anoop



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:39:46 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:39:46 -0700
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
In-Reply-To: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151919586.503255.307680@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

My experiance is mostly with old-style classes, but here goes.

first off, the <what> question is actually easier than you think.
After all, self is an instance of a string, so   self[3:4] would grab
the slice of characters between 3 and 4 =)

as for __init__, what I have found is that if you do not include an
__init__ function, the parent class's __init__ gets inherited, just
like any other function, so you dont need one.  If you have multiple
inheritance, however, you must include an __init__ which calls the
__init__ on every parent, otherwise only the first parent's gets
called.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sun Jul  9 08:13:38 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:13:38 +0200
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b0f1aa$0$22047$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Luis M. Gonz?lez a ?crit :
(snip)

> OK, so I should include the global only if I plan to modify it.
> Otherwise, I don't need to include it. Am I right?

s/modify/rebind/




From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 22:34:13 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 19:34:13 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153362853.105842.165800@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Grant Edwards wrote:
> If the server has closed the connection, then a recv() on the
> socket will return an empty string "",

after returning all the data the remote side had sent, of course.

> and a send() on the
> socket will raise an exception.

Send() might, and in many cases should, raise an exception
after the remote side has closed the connection, but the behavior
is unreliable.


-- 
--Bryan



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Mon Jul 10 05:29:39 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 21:29:39 +1200
Subject: Running multiple versions of Python on the same host..
References: <1152431028.896016.236310@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ldo-17A938.21293910072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In article <1152431028.896016.236310 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
 "Cowmix" <mmarch at gmail.com> wrote:

>What is the best way to run multiple version of Python on the same
>system?

You could use chroot. Ask if you want more details.


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul  5 20:55:54 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 17:55:54 -0700
Subject: CLPython
Message-ID: <1152147354.526174.232510@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Just found:
http://trac.common-lisp.net/clpython/

Bye,
bearophile



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul 28 09:01:21 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:01:21 -0500
Subject: Suppressing banner on interactive startup?
In-Reply-To: <8c7f10c60607280553l5861b1daw44de2e57e8fb84a9@mail.gmail.com>
References: <44C92165.7060806@tim.thechases.com>
	<8c7f10c60607280553l5861b1daw44de2e57e8fb84a9@mail.gmail.com>
Message-ID: <44CA0AA1.8070607@tim.thechases.com>

> Change sys.ps1 and sys.ps2: <http://tinyurl.com/lgqth>.

Thanks!  I knew I had seen a solution to this involving something 
like ps1 and ps2, but the things I kept finding referred to the 
bash/sh PS1 and PS2 prompt level variables.  All it took was 
learning that they *really were* ps1 and ps2...just namespaced 
off into the sys module.

Works like a charm.

-tim




From rzantow at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 09:29:16 2006
From: rzantow at gmail.com (Rick Zantow)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 09:29:16 -0400
Subject: write()
References: <1153981114.837884.232610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980D6083D770rzed@208.49.80.253>

"manuhack" <manuhack at gmail.com> wrote in news:1153981114.837884.232610
@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com:

> I copied the lines
> 
> f=open('/tmp/workfile', 'w')
> print f
> f.close()
> 
> from Python 2.4 Documentation 7.2.  But it said IOerror No such file or
> directory" '/tmp/workfile'
> 
> Is it something about the os?  I'm using Python 2.4 under WinXP.
> Thanks.  Without / I can open it.
> 

The problem is probably that you don't have a '/tmp' directory. WinXP 
doesn't create a directory structure to match a file path specification. If 
you first create the '/tmp' directory (which is a directory off the root of 
your hard drive on WinXP, so that if your current directory is on a D: 
drive it would be D:\tmp), then your code would work.

-- 
rzed


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 07:16:24 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:16:24 +0200
Subject: Global "except" condition
References: <1152572125.908057.111880@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e901a8$b3j$1@sea.gmane.org>

Ernesto wrote:

> Within the scope of one Python file (say myFile.py), I'd like to print
> a message on ANY exception that occurs in THAT file, dependent on a
> condition.

    condition = True

    def handle_any_exception(function):
        def trampoline(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                return function(*args, **kwargs)
            except:
                if not condition:
                    raise
                print "exception caught in", function.__name__
                return "n/a" # default return value
        return trampoline

    @handle_any_exception
    def myfunc(x):
        return 1 / x

    @handle_any_exception
    def myotherfunc(filename):
        return open(filename)

    class MyClass:
        @handle_any_exception
        def mymethod(self):
            raise ValueError("oops")

    myfunc(1)
    myfunc(0)
    myotherfunc("hello.txt")
    MyClass().mymethod()

</F> 





From john106henry at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 14:17:10 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 11:17:10 -0700
Subject: Cyclic class definations
In-Reply-To: <1153245079.426949.321780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153245079.426949.321780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153246630.539503.69350@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I think I got the answer by playing around a bit.   It appears you
*don't* need to forward declare things.  For example, the following
code works:

class a:
  def run(self):
    new_a=a_sub()
    new_a.print_it()

class a_sub(a):
  def print_it(self):
    print "Hi"

b=a().run()

Regards,


John Henry wrote:
> Hi list,
>
> I am trying to understand better Python packaging.  This might be a
> messed up class hierachy but how would I break this cyclic relatioship?
>
> In file A:
>
> from B import B_Class
>
> Class_A_Main():
>    def ....
>    def SomeMethod(self):
>       res=B_Class(self)
>
> Class_A_SubClass(Class_A_Main):
>    def ...
>
>
> In file B:
>
> Class B_Class():
>    def __init__(self,parent):
>       ...
>    def SomeMethod(self):
>       res=C_Class(self)
>
>
> In file C:
>
> from file A import Class_A_SubClass
>
> Class C_Class(Class_A_SubClass):
>    def __init__(self, parent):
>       ...
>
>
> As you can see, the cyclic relationship exists because C_Class is a
> sub-class of SubClass which is in turn a sub-class of Class_A_Main and
> in one of the methods of Class_A, it has a need to create a C_Class
> object.
>
> I tried to merge the files A and C (by placing C_Class behind A_Class)
> and have the method in A_Class create C_Class directly but that doesn't
> work because Python says C_Class is not defined when it's processing
> the A_Class method.   May be somebody can tell me how to "forward
> declare" a class?
> 
> Regards,



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 03:15:47 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 00:15:47 -0700
Subject: non-blocking PIPE read on Windows
References: <1154064385.494993.159510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154070947.180324.19240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

placid wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have been looking into non-blocking read (readline) operations on
> PIPES on windows XP and there seems to be no way of doing this. Ive
> read that you could use a Thread to read from the pipe, but if you
> still use readline() wouldnt the Thread block too?

Yes it will, but that's ok.  In this case that's what it's for.  While
the thread waits for the readline(), the rest of your program continues
to carry on.

>
> What i need to do is, create a process using subprocess.Popen, where
> the subprocess outputs information on one line (but the info
> continuesly changes and its always on the same line) and read this
> information without blocking, so i can retrieve other data from the
> line i read in then put this in a GUI interface.
>
>
> readline() blocks until the newline character is read, but when i use
> read(X) where X is a number of bytes then it doesnt block(expected
> functionality) but i dont know how many bytes the line will be and its
> not constant so i cant use this too.
> 
> Any ideas of solving this problem?
> 
> 
> Cheers



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 13:46:49 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:46:49 +0200
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
In-Reply-To: <e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8131.1152804656.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9609m$p01$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <e960u7$l20$1@sea.gmane.org>

Jeremy Sanders wrote:

>> "import" doesn't create new objects, so that's not very likely.  can you
>> post some code so we don't have to guess what you've tried and not ?
> 
> It does if you mess around with sys.path between doing two imports of the
> same thing (at least I found out the hard way on Python 2.4). I'm not sure
> this is considered a bug or a "don't do that then" problem.

it's not a problem at all, because "doing two imports of the same thing" 
will fetch the second thing from the module cache, no matter what you do 
to the path.

$ more module.py
# simulate creating a new object
print "CREATE NEW OBJECT"

$ python
 >>> import sys
 >>> import module
CREATE NEW OBJECT
 >>> sys.path.insert(0, "foobar")
 >>> import module
 >>> sys.path = None
 >>> import module

if you got some other result, you didn't just import the same thing twice...

</F>



From bucodi at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 13 10:47:14 2006
From: bucodi at yahoo.fr (rony steelandt)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:47:14 +0200
Subject: Newbie
References: <mailman.8112.1152791548.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.13.14.47.13.234175@yahoo.fr>

Le Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:45:44 +0100, Gueorgui Vaskes a ?crit?:

> Could anyone feel me in what do you mostly use python for?
> 
> 
> 		
> ___________________________________________________________ 
> The all-new Yahoo! Mail goes wherever you go - free your email 
address from your Internet provider.
http://uk.docs.yahoo.com/nowyoucan.html

Full db client-server applications. Python is our main developpement tool
here.
See www.bucodi.com

Rony


From cablepuff at hotmail.com  Sat Jul  1 12:28:16 2006
From: cablepuff at hotmail.com (chun ping wang)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 09:28:16 -0700
Subject: cheetah. 
Message-ID: <BAY106-F14161F4BB177117AD0EF5AA3720@phx.gbl>

I am having trouble using cheetah and getting it to work the way i want 
(mvc)

I have the following file.

index.py : # imports BibleController and setting.


BibleController.py that includes the Bible.py model to database (those 
works). At the end of it i have.
print Template ( file = "BibleView.Tmpl", searchList = templateValue )

BibleView.tmpl.

I generated something call BibleView.py using cheetah template. But when i 
run BibleView.py i get this error.

File "BibleView.py", line 97, in respond
   __v = VFFSL(SL,"ver",True)
ameMapper.NotFound: cannot find 'ver'

Whats wrong?

_________________________________________________________________
On the road to retirement? Check out MSN Life Events for advice on how to 
get there! http://lifeevents.msn.com/category.aspx?cid=Retirement



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 19 10:25:04 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:25:04 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <44be40c1$0$21612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

John Salerno wrote:
> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> 
>> Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't solve
>> the problem with inheritance or a meta class?
> 
> 
> From my experience with C#, the only real use for partial classes is
> when you want to separate your GUI code from the rest of your logic.

What the ... is GUI code doing in a domain object ???



-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From joncle at googlemail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:38:35 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:38:35 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154017548.903913.250510@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154016686.383460.172770@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154017548.903913.250510@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154018315.339177.3260@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


alainpo... at yahoo.fr wrote:
> You miss the point; i want to derive a class and inherit all properties
> without worrying about those implementation details. The Python code is
> much cleaner in that respect. My post is about whether it is possible
> to get such a clean interface in C++

I was simply pointing out that your statement declaring that it didn't
work, wasn't accurate, because the code you'd used was incorrect.

Jon



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 16:47:34 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 15:47:34 -0500
Subject: how to make python socket server work with the app.MainLoop() in
	wxpython?
References: <1154269116.890584.215040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<kK3zg.1528$W93.382@dukeread05>
	<12cpindg0jc61bf@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <_X8zg.1554$W93.265@dukeread05>

Grant Edwards wrote:

> On 2006-07-30, Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> wrote:
> 
>> If you get rid of app.MaiLoop(), you basically get rid of all GUI events.
>> You need to have you server in a separate thread.
> 
> Isn't there any way to use wxWidgets socket callbacks in wxPython?
> 
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  I'm wearing
> PAMPERS!!
>                                   at
>                                visi.com

If I understand correctly, I guess you can send an event to the main thread
to tell it there was data received.

Regards,

Philippe



From nospam at invalid.com  Sat Jul  8 02:16:04 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 23:16:04 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org><R46366732.588.24265.1@mx-extra>
	<mailman.7894.1152275292.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <5OOdnXTrMMVJ0DLZnZ2dnUVZ_tOdnZ2d@comcast.com>

Thanks Tim and Gerard for recommending karrigell.

I just checked it out. It is indeed a nice package. However, I didn't find 
it
easier to learn or use than CherryPy though. I read through CherryPy 
tutorials
and have got a good idea how to use it. I also read Karrigell docs. The way
Karrigell uses subpath behind CGI file name is a little strange to me. 
Nonetheless,
Karrigell looks very nice to me but I may start with CherryPy.

What's missing (according to my requirement/wishlist) is, as a web server, 
the
build-in web server does not handle CGI or FastCGI apps, making python
the only way to write apps...



"Tim Williams" <listserver at tdw.net> wrote in message 
news:mailman.7894.1152275292.27775.python-list at python.org...
> On 07/07/06, Jack <nospam at invalid.com> wrote:
>> I just did some testing between CherryPy's web server and lighttpd.
>> My test was very simple and I used ab.exe for this purpose.
>> CherryPy web server can serve about 140 simple request / second, while
>> lighttpd can handle around 400 concurrent requests.
>>
>> > You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
>> > if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
>> > performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful 
>> > recommendation.
>> >
>
> Karrigell has an async server, in standalone mode it won't be as fast
> as lighttpd but its simpler to use and code in than cherrypy.
> However, it can also work behind lighttpd,  so you might get a good
> mix of server speed and fast development time.
>
> http://www.karrigell.com
>
> HTH :) 




From grante at visi.com  Tue Jul 18 13:56:47 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:56:47 -0000
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bpvsaa2vm84a0@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153244041.018502.222380@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <12bq86v72d26ubf@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-18, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:

>> It's unclear what you're referring to as "the range".
>
> The notion of something describing a range of values which can be
> expanded to a list or, of relevance here, whose boundaries can be
> tested efficiently.
>
>> Perhaps you're thinking of a slice?  Somethign like
>>
>>   if  (0:10000).contains(x):

I didn't mean to imply that would actually work, but I thought
maybe that's what you were proposing.

> Did you mean...?
>
> (0:10000) # SyntaxError
> slice(0, 10000).contains(x) # AttributeError
> 3 in slice(0, 10000) # TypeError
>
> Something like this might suffice if slice could have a __contains__
> method or if people thought of slices as natural things to test
> against.

A slice seems to me to be the obvious way to represent a finite
length algebraic sequence of integers.  However, obvioiusness
is in the eye of the beholder since as you point out below to
the OP, a range() was the obvious way to it.

> Perhaps we could ask the original questioner why they chose to
> use range in such a way - it might indicate a background in
> languages which encourage the construction of ranges and their
> use in comparisons - although being told to RTFM may have
> scared them off.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Did I say I was a
                                  at               sardine? Or a bus???
                               visi.com            


From diffuser78 at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 16:37:28 2006
From: diffuser78 at gmail.com (diffuser78 at gmail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 13:37:28 -0700
Subject: wxPython and Linux dependencies
In-Reply-To: <jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1152215951.056685.50410@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216496.958379.125460@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152216808.787544.130220@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<jmerg.2398$No6.49491@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1152218247.957084.262150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

How can we find that it is not using the right version of Python ?

John Salerno wrote:
> diffuser78 at gmail.com wrote:
> > Error message "cannot find wx"
> >
> > infact I have wxpython in /usr/lib/
> >
> > I installed it using the rpms given on the wxPython website. Do I need
> > to set some path or something.
>
> Could it be that it is trying to use another, pre-installed version of
> Python -- one which doesn't have wxPython installed with it?



From dnew at san.rr.com  Wed Jul 12 16:16:55 2006
From: dnew at san.rr.com (Darren New)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:16:55 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
Message-ID: <XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>

Joachim Durchholz wrote:
> Actually, in a functional programming language (FPL), you write just the 
> postconditions and let the compiler generate the code for you.

Certainly. And my point is that the postcondition describing "all valid 
chess boards reachable from this one" is pretty much going to be as big 
as an implementation for generating it, yes? The postcondition will 
still have to contain all the rules of chess in it, for example. At best 
you've replaced loops with some sort of universal quanitifier with a 
"such that" phrase.

Anyway, I expect you could prove you can't do this in the general case. 
Otherwise, you could just write a postcondition that asserts the output 
of your function is machine code that when run generates the same 
outputs as the input string would. I.e., you'd have a compiler that can 
write other compilers, generated automatically from a description of the 
semantics of the input stream and the semantics of the machine the code 
is to run on. I'm pretty sure we're not there yet, and I'm pretty sure 
you start running into the limits of computability if you do that.

-- 
   Darren New / San Diego, CA, USA (PST)
     This octopus isn't tasty. Too many
     tentacles, not enough chops.


From srijit at yahoo.com  Sun Jul  9 02:22:58 2006
From: srijit at yahoo.com (Srijit Kumar Bhadra)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 23:22:58 -0700
Subject: Python *Eggs* on Win32
References: <1152420908.372912.110850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152426178.001927.188300@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I got the answers myself. Thanks to http://tinyurl.com/ld2c9. With just
basic installation of Python on Win32 (i.e.
http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.4.3/python-2.4.3.msi) it is possible
to install .egg files (Python Eggs).

1) download http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
2) run ez_setup.py
3) download
http://cheeseshop.python.org/packages/2.4/l/lxml/lxml-1.1alpha-py2.4-static-win32.egg
4) In dos command line go to the same directory where
lxml-1.1alpha-py2.4-static-win32.egg has been downloaded
5) From dos command line type
d:\python24\scripts\easy_install lxml-1.1alpha.win32-static-py2.4.exe

That's all. But Note:
a) for running ez_setup.py (which is a bootstrap module) unrestricted
Internet connection is necessary.

http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall?action=highlight&value=EasyInstall
has all the answers.

I am still not sure:
a) Whether it is always sufficient to have only MinGW GCC installation
on my Win XP machine and not MS Visual Studio.

Best Regards,
Srijit

Srijit Kumar Bhadra wrote:
> I have browsed the following links
> 1) http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/EasyInstall
> 2) When Python *Eggs* better than Python *distutils*?? What's Eggs?
> (http://tinyurl.com/m8dyd)
>
> But I am still not clear what to do with an .egg file. For example, if
> I have a basic Python installation
> (http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.4.3/python-2.4.3.msi) what should I
> do with a typical .egg file (e.g.
> http://cheeseshop.python.org/packages/2.4/l/lxml/lxml-1.1alpha-py2.4-static-win32.egg)?
>
> I have only MinGW GCC compiler on my Win XP machine. Is it mandatory to
> have Internet connection during installation of .egg files?
> 
> Best Regards,
> Srijit



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 09:56:40 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 15:56:40 +0200
Subject: How do I pass a list to a __init__ value/definition?
In-Reply-To: <1153834555.914273.310450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153831615.862051.98850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832208.259621.212220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153832596.886842.218820@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44c61aba$0$5512$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153834555.914273.310450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c62319$0$704$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

ryanshewcraft at gmail.com wrote:
> 
>>FWIW, always try to reduce code to the minimal runnable snippet
>>exhibiting the problem, so others have a chance to help you. As a
>>side-effect, one very often finds the problem while doing so !-)
> 
> 
> Sorry I can't post to much of the code.  Some of what I'm using is
> grabbing infromation off of our internal database, and for compliance
> reasons I can't print enough code so that it would actually run.

"Reducing to the minimal runnable snippet exhibiting the problem"
actually implies not depending on any DB or whatever. Nothing prevents
you from replacing these parts with mock objects returning dummy data.
And this is exactly why this process very often reveals the problem...

> Thanks for you help anyways, I'll try and figure out what I can.  If
> necessary I'll retool the whole thing
> 


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From mrmakent at cox.net  Fri Jul 21 16:06:56 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:06:56 -0700
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
In-Reply-To: <1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153511685.290448.250120@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153512416.681346.316090@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


draghuram at gmail.com wrote:
> You may want to look at pexpect:
>
> http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
>
> But I am not sure about its support on windows.

To the best of my recent investigation, and an email exchange with the
author of pexpect, it is NOT supported under Windows.



From dbandler at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:14:05 2006
From: dbandler at gmail.com (dbandler at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:14:05 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152709490.397433.183990@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152720845.504488.294560@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Thanks so much for your help on this.  The server that I'm connecting
to is the culprit.  They only allow five connections at a time.

I assumed that it was a code issue.  I think that we're conditioned to
expect that the problem is on the software side of things.

-Derek


olsongt at verizon.net wrote:
> dbandler at gmail.com wrote:
> > I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
> > box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
> > possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
> > look like:
> >
> >    File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
> >     self.connect(host)
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
> >     self.welcome = self.getresp()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
> >     resp = self.getmultiline()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
> >     line = self.getline()
> >   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
> >     if not line: raise EOFError
> > EOFError
> >
> > Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?
> >
> > Thanks.
> >
> > Derek
>
> It might be XP SP2's worm protection as well:
> 
> http://www.speedguide.net/read_articles.php?id=1497



From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Fri Jul  7 03:38:35 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 09:38:35 +0200
Subject: Need "Billy the Kid" modul for windows
References: <e8iht6$311$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>
	<1152251684.151349.259080@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8l2u6$2sf$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

Hey,

> Have you seen these alternative wrappers around libpcap? Could they
> help you out?
> * pylibpcap: http://pylibpcap.sourceforge.net/
> * Pcapy: http://oss.coresecurity.com/projects/pcapy.html
>
> There's also libdnet, which has Python bindings:
> * libdnet: http://libdnet.sourceforge.net/
>
> Hope this helps.

I Know the wrappers, but I think for packet creation like RAW-Packet the 
wrappers are not useful :( ?!? There is only the dpkt modul for windows 
and scapy and Billy the Kid for unix. Scray is too big for me :) an so I 
want to use the blk-modul. It is very easy to use, small and has great 
functions.

Is there a posibility to compile the package for windows??

Thanks for your help,

Spooky



From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 18 03:28:46 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 09:28:46 +0200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9hv1i$1qr$00$1@news.t-online.com>
	<1153204793.019414.134020@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9i2it$po4$02$1@news.t-online.com>

Carl Banks wrote:

> 
> Peter Otten wrote:
>> Carl Banks wrote:
>>
>> >     def process_values(lst):
>> >         if not lst:
>> >             return
>> >         do_expensive_initialization_step()
>> >         for item in lst:
>> >             do_something_with(item)
>> >         do_expensive_finalization_step()
>>
>> > What if you called the function like this:
>> >
>> >     process_values(x.strip() for x in values_lst)
>> >
>> > Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
>> > finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).  Maybe some
>> > subtle bugs introduced.  If we're lucky, the finalization step will
>> > throw an exception.
>>
>> The good news is that the above has a 99 percent chance that it just
>> works with iterators/generators -- even though the writer may not have
>> been aware of them/they didn't exist when the code was written...
> 
> There's a litmus test I like to use when justifying something with
> percentages: I imagine that I'm presenting it to my boss, and ask
> myself if I still expect to have a job the next day. :-)

That 99 percent chance is not meant to exempt you from actually verifying
that it works. Docstrings can do wonders here

def process_values(lst):
   "Foos all bars in a list"

vs

def process_values(lst):
   "Foos all bars in an iterable"
 
If in doubt, pass a list (-comprehension) as there are other ways of quiet
failure (the function may loop twice over its argument).

> Yes, I agree with you, it most cases I expect merely unnecessary work.
> (Which is not the best news; the best news would be an exception right
> away.)  That's why I think this is only a "pretty good" reason to use
> "if len(lst)>0", not a slam dunk.

If process_values() were /aware/ of iterators it would probably be written

def process_values(items):
    first_pass = True
    for item in items:
        if first_pass:
           do_expensive_initialization_step()
           first_pass = False 
        do_something_with(item)
    if not first_pass:
        do_expensive_finalization_step()

or just with an additional

items = list(items)

as its first statement.

Peter




From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 02:58:42 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 23:58:42 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <1152772313.183491.257250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152772313.183491.257250@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152773922.392002.17170@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Clay,
Search Google for it. Here is one good explanation with code examples
by Michael Fotsch:
http://www.geocities.com/foetsch/python/new_style_classes.htm
Nick V.


placid wrote:
> Clay_Culver at yahoo.com wrote:
> > I need to find out if an object is a class.  Using new style classes
> > this is very easy:
> >
> > class Test(object): pass
> >
> > obj = Test
> >    or
> > obj = Test()
> >
> > if type(obj) == type:
> >     # this is a class object..
> > else:
> >     # this not a class object
> >
> > But this fails for old style classes.  For example:
> >
> > class OldStyleObject: pass
> >
>
> Why is there old and new classes? What are the differences?
> 
> --Cheers



From bob at ubuntu-desktop.com  Fri Jul 28 14:03:00 2006
From: bob at ubuntu-desktop.com (bob)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:03:00 +0100
Subject: python and dbus - beginner seeking some help
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.18.02.57.770161@ubuntu-desktop.com>

Hello,

First of all, does anyone know whether dbus will allow be to do 3 things:

1.  query whether or not there is a dvd drive.
2.  query whether or not there is a blank disc in it.
3.  query what it's capacity is.

If I'm barking up the wrong tree, what should I be considering instead ?

If I am thinking along the right lines, then I'd be grateful for any links
to any guides or tutorials relating to dbus. I have tried looking and
found nothing uesful yet, and I will continue to do so, but I was hoping
someone could help.

Thanks for reading :-)


From certo at comeno.it  Wed Jul 19 18:20:02 2006
From: certo at comeno.it (imho)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 22:20:02 GMT
Subject: How to recognise "generator functions" ?
In-Reply-To: <e9majr$vh7$1@news.albasani.net>
References: <1Zxvg.46761$_J1.564830@twister2.libero.it>
	<e9majr$vh7$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <meyvg.46673$zy5.937118@twister1.libero.it>

Georg Brandl ha scritto:

>>>> f.func_code.co_flags
> 67
>>>> g.func_code.co_flags
> 99
> 
> => 32 (CO_GENERATOR in compiler.consts) is the flag that indicates a
> generator code object.
> 
> Georg

What a fast reply!
Thank You very much! :-)


From faisjobs at yahoo.co.in  Mon Jul  3 09:25:04 2006
From: faisjobs at yahoo.co.in (faisjobs)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 06:25:04 -0700
Subject: UK USA CANADA AUSTRALIA Jobs With VISA Sponsorship, UK VISA, USA VISA,
	CANADA VISA, AUSTRALIA VISA , immigration, VISA Sponsorship, UK VISA
Message-ID: <1151933104.177374.184800@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

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http://loans2u.50webs.com/



From edeveaud at pasteur.fr  Thu Jul  6 10:34:12 2006
From: edeveaud at pasteur.fr (Eric Deveaud)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:34:12 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: getting current UNIX uid
References: <1152195937.236858.183080@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneaq7k1.5aj.edeveaud@localhost.localdomain>

Johhny wrote:
>  Hello,
> 
>  I am trying to get the user that is running the scripts uid, I have had
>  a look at the pwd module and it does not appear to offer that
>  functionality. Is there any way within python to get that information ?

eg:
username = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[4]

	Eric



From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 12 14:20:34 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 20:20:34 +0200
Subject: PDF with nonLatin-1 characters
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8085.1152722262.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8085.1152722262.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b53d73$0$26258$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

victor wrote:
> I want to generate a report and the PDF fits perfectly. Though there is
> an issue of using different encoding in the doc. I tried PyPS with no
> success. I need a lib that can make PDFs with an arbitrary set of fonts
> (possibly embed them into the document). What would you suggest?

I'd suggest generating LaTeX code and using PDFlatex. It's pretty hard to get
better results from any other tool.

Stefan


From semagraw at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 16:26:40 2006
From: semagraw at gmail.com (semagraw at gmail.com)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 13:26:40 -0700
Subject: Mouse LED Control in Python
Message-ID: <1154291200.448540.224660@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I found this link that describes the byte arrays to control the
IM/Email Leds on my Logitech MX610 mouse:

http://www.kdedevelopers.org/node/2029

The link to the tarball is dead so I can't look at that.  Is there
anyway to do what the link says in Python? If you follow the link
above, it talks about 'sending the byte array to 0x10 (16)'.  I'm not
sure if that is possible in python.  Can anyone help or point me in the
right direction?  I'd also be willing to have this be done in another
language and just call different programs from a python program when I
need something specific done (IM light on, for example).



Text from the link if you can't be bothered to follow it:

"I've figured out the IM led now. As before, you send 6 bytes to report
ID 0x10
(16), followed by the "confirm" message.

The magic values are:
unsigned char confirm[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
unsigned char email_off[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00 };
unsigned char email_on[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x05, 0x00, 0x00 };
unsigned char email_pulse[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00 };
unsigned char email_flash[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00 };
unsigned char email_instanton[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00
};
unsigned char email_instantoff[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x01, 0x00,
0x00 };

unsigned char im_off[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x06, 0x00 };
unsigned char im_on[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00 };
unsigned char im_pulse[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00 };
unsigned char im_flash[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00 };
unsigned char im_instantoff[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00
};
unsigned char im_instanton[6] = { 0x01, 0x80, 0x52, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00
};"


Thanks,

Jeff



From stefan at mayr-stefan.de  Tue Jul  4 07:22:15 2006
From: stefan at mayr-stefan.de (stefan at mayr-stefan.de)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 04:22:15 -0700
Subject: Howto get the argument defaults of a function using an AST-object?
Message-ID: <1152012135.104067.180560@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

for a school project I'm trying to analyze some python modules. I just
struggeld over a little detail I cannot solve:

shortened example of walking trough an AST with my own visitor:

class MyVisitor:
    def visitFunction(self, t):
        # Here I do not know know how to associate the default values
in t.defaults
        # with the arguments in t.argnames
        params = '???' # howto join the right args with their
default???
        print "def %s(%s)" % (t.name, params)

fname = 'test.py'
ast = compiler.parseFile(fname)
compiler.walk(ast, MyVisitor())

I can only get a list with the arguments or the defaults. The following
examples would return the same:

def foo(x, y=True)
def foo(x=True, y)

Anyone an idea?

Thanks,

    Stefan



From fortepianissimo at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 13:36:47 2006
From: fortepianissimo at gmail.com (fortepianissimo)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 10:36:47 -0700
Subject: Using python code from Java?
Message-ID: <1153417007.558606.294530@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Is there a solution to enable Java programmers to call functions
written in Python? Any wrapper generator that wraps Python code into
some Java-callable form?

I briefly looked at Jython, but if I understand it right, it didn't
support full power of Python 2.3.x (which I need).

Any suggestion is welcome!



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 17:34:35 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:34:35 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153254509.770479.39000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
	<1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8305.1153244060.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153254509.770479.39000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153258475.162916.313050@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> To me, and perhaps others, "T =
> set(xrange(0, 10000, 23))" and "n in T"  are somewhat easier to read
> and write than "not n % 23 and 0 <= n < 10000", YMMV.

Eh? How is the first easier to read than the second?? You have a nested
function call in the first!

Regardless, testing if a member is part of a ranged set is always going
to be slower. It's the nature of what you're doing. Building a set and
then searching it takes much longer than a single modulus and
subtraction (which is all an integer comparison is).



From brianmce at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:38:19 2006
From: brianmce at gmail.com (brianmce at gmail.com)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:38:19 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153305499.809534.315020@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Sanjay wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.
>
> Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
> business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
> ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:

I would do this by inheritance if really needed - what isn't working?
That said, you can get this behaviour fairly easy with a metaclass:

class PartialMeta(type):
    registry = {}
    def __new__(cls,name,bases,dct):
        if name in PartialMeta.registry:
            cls2=PartialMeta.registry[name]
            for k,v in dct.items():
                setattr(cls2, k, v)
        else:
            cls2 = type.__new__(cls,name,bases,dct)
            PartialMeta.registry[name] = cls2
        return cls2

class PartialClass(object):
    __metaclass__=PartialMeta

use:
#generatedperson.py
class Person(PartialClass):
    def foo(self): print "foo"

#gandcraftedperson.py
import generatedperson
class Person(PartialClass):
    def bar(self): print "bar"

and you should get similar behaviour.

Caveats:
  I've used just the name to determine the class involved to be the
same as your Ruby example.  However, this means that any class in any
namespace with the name Person and inheriting from PartialClass will be
interpreted as the same - this might not be desirable if some other
library code has a different Person object doing the same thing.  Its
easy to change to checking for some property instead - eg. have your
handcrafted class have the line "__extends__=generatedperson.Person" ,
and check for it in the metaclass instead of looking in a name
registry.

  Also, if two or more classes define the same name, the last one
evaluated will overwrite the previous one.



From dreedmac at columbus.rr.com  Fri Jul 21 17:58:53 2006
From: dreedmac at columbus.rr.com (David Reed)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 17:58:53 -0400
Subject: OT Re: getaddrinfo not found on SCO OpenServer 5.0.5
In-Reply-To: <1153513216.593138.154410@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153513216.593138.154410@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <5F5677F7-B6EE-40E8-8A7F-B98FF1E5B318@columbus.rr.com>


On Jul 21, 2006, at 4:20 PM, Steve M wrote:

> In case you haven't heard Microsoft is suing SCO for stealing his
> Internet concepts and letters and numbers, so you should probably just
> ditch OpenServer and get Debian like all the smart people have done.
>
> I guess the quality of SCO software has declined over the last  
> forty or
> fifty years and they had to have David Boies compile libsocket and  
> that
> is probably why this broken symbol problem is happenig.
>
> I'm sorry if you cannot switch from the SCO platform, in which case
> this message may not be very helpful. Have a nice day!

This is way off-topic, but it's SCO that is suing IBM and IBM  
countersuing SCO. It appears that Microsoft was helping bankroll  
SCO's lawsuit. If you want to see how it's going, look at a graph of   
the SCOX (the ticker symbol) stock price since 2003 (paying close  
attention to the more recent price as the judge has started ruling on  
discovery issues). It was in 2003 when they started claiming everyone  
using Linux owed them money and they sued IBM for billions of  
dollars. Also see groklaw.net if you really want to know more about  
it. In the interest of full disclosure, I made money shorting SCOX  
stock from mid 2003 to mid 2004 (borrowed and sold at $11, bought  
back at $5).

Dave



From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 11:39:33 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 08:39:33 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <e9lii4$osc$01$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153317958.271921.306370@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318278.065067.8520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153318863.215301.52120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e9lii4$osc$01$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153323573.284183.6540@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

okay,

so only when I have inside __init__.py

__all__ = ["core"]

this works

?> from tom import *
?> help(core)

but (in a brand new interpretor)

?> import tom
?> help(tom.core)

AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'core'

got it. But ...

?> import numpy
?> help(numpy.core)

this will work, even if core is a subpackage of numpy. and i don't have
to explicitly import numpy.core.

I must be missing something ... :-/



From iapain at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:16:37 2006
From: iapain at gmail.com (iapain)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:16:37 -0700
Subject: Restricted Access
In-Reply-To: <e90r0n$lj0$1@news.albasani.net>
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us> <e90r0n$lj0$1@news.albasani.net>
Message-ID: <1152648997.331758.77320@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> Brett Cannon is currently trying to come up with a comprehensive spec
> and implementation of a sandboxed Python interpreter, for use in
> Mozilla as a JavaScript replacement. (look in the python-dev archives
> for more)

I'm not sure he is working or not, latest i read was he purposed new
restricted enviornment for python.

Best!



From jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk  Fri Jul  7 14:31:53 2006
From: jon+usenet at unequivocal.co.uk (Jon Ribbens)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 18:31:53 GMT
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneata4p.3cc.jon+usenet@snowy.squish.net>

In article <1152289113.007295.23320 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, Thomas Nelson wrote:
> This is exactly what I want to do: every time I encounter this kind of
> value in my code, increment the appropriate type by one.  Then I'd like
> to go back and find out how many of each type there were.  This way
> I've written seems simple enough and effective, but it's very ugly and
> I don't think it's the intended use of lists.  Does anyone know a
> cleaner way to have the same funtionality?

How about this:

map = {}
def increment(value):
  map[value] = map.get(value, 0) + 1

?


From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 24 14:48:48 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 18:48:48 -0000
Subject: pyserial to read from DS1615 temperature recorder chip
References: <1153760610.050264.318500@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8481.1153764013.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12ca5ggeupsk9b2@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-24, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-24 14:03:30, alexandre_irrthum at yahoo.com wrote:
>
>> To read from the chip, one must issue the "read page" command (33h),
>> followed by the two-byte address of the requested page (pages are 32
>> bytes long). After receiving this, the DS1615 will send the data in a
>> burst of (up to) 32 bytes. 
>
> I'm not sure what you mean when you say it will send "up to" 32 bytes.

Registers are in 32-byte pages.  If you request register N, the
device sends register N followed by the remainder of the
32-byte page that contains address N.  If you request the first
register on a page, you'll get 32 bytes back.  If you request
the last register on a page, you'll get one 1 back.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  If I pull this SWITCH
                                  at               I'll be RITA HAYWORTH!! Or
                               visi.com            a SCIENTOLOGIST!


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 18 20:55:43 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 02:55:43 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca710$0$27036$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4kd$or5$2@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd65b7$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153265252.445710.194090@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bd817f$0$17267$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Carl Banks a ?crit :
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>There are less risk of a typo with "if a:" than with "if len(a) > 0".
> 
> 
> So, it's more important to protect against typos than subtle bugs?
> 

People making smart points are really annoying... !-)

wrt/ to the "subtle bug" point, MHO is that a better solution could be 
to have iterators/generators implement __nonzero__ the same way numpy 
arrays do. It may not be a very strong argument, but I actually like the 
fact that empty sequences eval to false just like numeric zeros and None...


From grante at visi.com  Mon Jul 24 13:39:54 2006
From: grante at visi.com (Grant Edwards)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:39:54 -0000
Subject: prob with struct and byte order
References: <1153758630.327014.326990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8472.1153760810.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <12ca1fa928qjs6e@corp.supernews.com>

On 2006-07-24, Steve Holden <steve at holdenweb.com> wrote:
> nephish at xit.net wrote:
>> hello there, all.
>> 
>> i have a difficult app that connects to a server to get information for
>> our database here.
>> this server is our access point to some equipment in the field that we
>> monitor.
>> 
>> the messages come in over a socket connection. And according to their
>> (very limited) documentation, are set up in a particular order. like
>> this
>> 
>> STX [length indicator] [message type] [message body] ENX
>> 
>> length indicator = length of the message body in 4 bytes
>> message type = the code for what type of message is being sent
>>    for example 200 = login
>> message body = the actual command to send to the server
>> 
>> STX and ENX are the values assigned to start and stop a message.
>> they are literally 'STX' and 'ENX'

> I believe you, but this is clearly a perversion of the
> single-character "start of transmission" and "end of
> transmission" that are part of the ASCII alphabet. So the
> protocol designer may have been inexperienced, and the
> documentation may be confused ...

I had the same reaction: surely he means the frame is delmited
at the beginning by the ASCII STX character (0x02) and the end
by the ETX character (0x03).  

If somebody is indeed sending the three character string "STX"
to mark the beginning of a frame and "ENX" to mark the end,
then they're seriously confused (and can't spell).

>> when i capture a message i can print it to the screen and the 'STX' at
>> the beginning and the 'ENX' at the end are discernable, but the rest of
>> the message looks like this..
>> 
>> \x00\x00\x00,\x00\x00\x00\e17758\x00\x00   and so on and so forth...
>> with some commas and other symbols in there. (the e before the 17758
>> has a little hat on it)

So the unit number is an ASCII string.  Firstly, I'd recommend
printing the message in hex:

print ' '.join(["%02.2x" % ord(b) for b in message])

That should make it easier to figure how which byte indexes
contain the info you're looking for.

>> If i print it out to a text file, i get this...
>> STXNULNULNULea17758NULLNULL etc..

I'm a but baffled how the string shown above would get printed
like that.

> The "\x00" is the Python repr() of a single-byte string containing a 
> null byte (i.e. a byte whose decimal value is zero).
>
>> now the 17758 is significant because it is the actual unit number of
>> the machine we want to monitor. I just dont know how to extract the
>> real values out of this message.

What is meant by "real values"?

>> anyone have an idea where to start? i have experimented with
>> struct, but do not know enough about it. Does anyone know a
>> good tutorial about learning byte codes and such.

What are "byte codes"?

>> The docs on pythons website explain the module well, but i
>> still do not know what to do with it.

You've got to figure out the format and location within the
message of the objects you care about.  Once you know that, you
use struct to pull out the appropriate bytes and convert them
into Python objects.

If you know (or suspect) there are IEEE 754 32-bit floating
point values in the message, then start converting all of the
possible 4-byte chunks into Python floats (using both endian
conventions) until you see numbers you recognize.

Same for 64-bit floats and interger values of various sizes.

-- 
Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  HUMAN REPLICAS are
                                  at               inserted into VATS of
                               visi.com            NUTRITIONAL YEAST...


From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 06:55:20 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 1 Jul 2006 03:55:20 -0700
Subject: looks like in PIL,
	resize() will give high quality thumbnails than thumbnail()
Message-ID: <1151751320.006926.43320@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

In PIL, since thumbnail() first makes a draft copy of the image, and
then resize it, so thumbnail() can run a lot faster than resize()
because draft() seems a lot faster when resizing from very big images
to small images...  (such as the original image is 3000 x 2000, and it
can make a draft really quickly to 375 x 250, and then resize to, say
200 x 133 as a thumbnail)

However, the double resizing probably will make a thumbnail with a
lower quality than if it is directly resizing from the original... as
each resizing involves some approximation.

however, i tried directly using resize() and it is a lot slower.

But looks like if quality is of concern and time is not an issue, then
we can use the resize() to create thumbnails instead.



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:24:33 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:24:33 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c279c5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Justin Azoff a ?crit :
> Simon Forman wrote:
> 
>>That third option seems to work fine.
> 
> 
> Well it does, but there are still many things wrong with it
> 
>     if len(tok) > 0:
> should be written as
>     if(tok):
> 

actually, the parenthesis are useless.


From LittlePython at lost.com  Sat Jul  1 12:36:02 2006
From: LittlePython at lost.com (LittlePython)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 16:36:02 GMT
Subject: Threading HowTo's in Windows platforms
Message-ID: <Svxpg.192$iW2.179@trnddc03>

I am looking for some good beginner how-to links and maybe some simple
example scripts that perform threading on windows platforms. Hopefully
authors who don't mind doing "a little spoon feeding" would be great as I am
a "baby python" who is very green with threading..

Thx




From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 17 04:46:36 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:46:36 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f247767eefec77e989690@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
	<Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f2076205513cf2a989797@news.altopia.net>
	<d1Ctg.313440$8W1.311974@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f247767eefec77e989690@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <e9fj2i$2mq$1@online.de>

Chris Smith schrieb:
> David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
>> Chris Smith wrote:
>>> If checked by execution, yes.  In which case, I am trying to get my head 
>>> around how it's any more true to say that functional languages are 
>>> compilable postconditions than to say the same of imperative languages.
 >>
>> A postcondition must, by definition [*], be a (pure) assertion about the
>> values that relevant variables will take after the execution of a subprogram.
> 
> Okay, my objection was misplaced, then, as I misunderstood the original 
> statement.  I had understood it to mean that programs written in pure 
> functional languages carry no additional information except for their 
> postconditions.

Oh, but that's indeed correct for pure functional languages. (Well, they 
*might* carry additional information anyway, but it's not a requirement 
to make it a programming language.)

The answer that I have for your original objection may be partial, but 
here goes anyway:

Postconditions cannot easily capture all side effects.
E.g. assume there's a file-open routine but no way to test whether a 
given file handle was ever opened (callers are supposed to test the 
return code from the open() call).
In an imperative language, that's a perfectly valid (though possibly not 
very good) library design.
Now the postcondition would have to say something like "from now on, 
read() and write() are valid on the filehandle that I returned". I know 
of no assertion language that can express such temporal relationships, 
and even if there is (I'm pretty sure there is), I'm rather sceptical 
that programmers would be able to write correct assertions, or correctly 
interpret them - temporal logic offers several traps for the unwary. 
(The informal postcondition above certainly isn't complete, since it 
doesn't cover close(); I shunned the effort to get a wording that would 
correctly cover sequences like open()-close()-open(), or 
open()-close()-close()-open().)

Regards,
Jo


From rupole at hotmail.com  Fri Jul 21 19:11:11 2006
From: rupole at hotmail.com (Roger Upole)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 19:11:11 -0400
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153523035_80703@sp6iad.superfeed.net>

If you have the Pywin32 extensions installed, you can use the
win32console module to send keystrokes directly to a command
prompt via WriteConsoleInput.

        Roger

<gert365 at yahoo.com> wrote in message news:1153507940.993009.235310 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
>
> I'm working on a scirpt to be used on a windows machine and I need to
> automate a user's input on the command prompt.  For example I'm using
> os.system('mycommand') to excute the commands I want.  However some of
> these command will prompt for a confirmation of yes or no from user.
> Is there anything in python that will allow my script to automate these
> input
> Another example is let  say if i type "format c:\" on the command
> prompt it will warn me and ask me to type 'y' to continue.  I can use
> the os.system to automate the "format c:\" but is there a way to
> automate the 'y' input part.  I try searching for help on the Interent
> but cant seem find any info on how to do this with Python.  Can someone
> give me some confirmation if what I want to do is possible or not.
> Thanks in advance for any help.
> 




From aleax at mac.com  Sun Jul  9 00:33:26 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 21:33:26 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02> <7xodvzv2gt.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1152419363.638809.247720@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hi6eg6.163wvz913n3tw3N%aleax@mac.com>

Jake Emerson <jake.emerson at onerain.com> wrote:

> There have been lots of recommendations for the O'Reilly book, which is
> a good one. However, I would recommend "Beginning Python" by Magnus Lie
> Hetland. All I knew before starting Python was Mathematica, and this
> book was very helpful. It may seem to start out slow, but I've found
> that I'm going back to those first chapters occasionally to review and
> practice the syntax. It, and this group, have carried me through some
> pretty tough problems (for me anyway). It's been worth it. Good luck.

Hetland's books are excellent, particularly if you like to learn by
example -- I believe the current one "Practical Python" is meant to
supersede the earlier "Beginning Python" (but I'm not sure).


Alex


From robin at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 10:47:46 2006
From: robin at reportlab.com (Robin Becker)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 15:47:46 +0100
Subject: Python-2.5beta1 crash
Message-ID: <44B26892.9090508@chamonix.reportlab.co.uk>

I'm testing ReportLab against Python-2.5beta1 and am getting some kind of 
problem as below

=======================================================
C:\Python24\reportlab\test>\python25\python runAll.py
.C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not importing
directory 'C:\python25\reportlab\tools\utils': missing __init__.py
   module = __import__(mName)
C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not importing d
irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\tools\pythonpoint\demos': missing __init__.py
   module = __import__(mName)
C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not importing d
irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\docs': missing __init__.py
   module = __import__(mName)
C:\Python24\reportlab\test\test_docstrings.py:54: ImportWarning: Not importing d
irectory 'C:\python25\reportlab\demos': missing __init__.py
   module = __import__(mName)
....Fatal Python error: non-string found in code slot

This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way.
Please contact the application's support team for more information.
=======================================================

First off there may be a bunch of other C extensions involved including PIL, but 
I built them all against this beta. What should I do to refine the error? Do I 
start with trying to establish which of the tests is guilty or build from source 
in debug mode and attempt to find the problem from below.
-- 
Robin Becker



From barrynyc at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 06:52:56 2006
From: barrynyc at gmail.com (Barry)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 06:52:56 -0400
Subject: Regular Expression problem
In-Reply-To: <1152857525.449336.321940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152830246.042691.37310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152857525.449336.321940@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <759fdc8f0607160352l295b9969x3f74abad1ef69862@mail.gmail.com>

On 13 Jul 2006 23:12:05 -0700, Paul McGuire <ptmcg at austin.rr.com> wrote:
>
> Pyparsing is also good for recognizing basic HTML tags and their
> attributes, regardless of the order of the attributes.
>
> -- Paul
>
> testText = """sldkjflsa;faj
>
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
>
> here it would be 'mystylesheet.css'. I used the following regex to get
> this value(I dont know if it
>
> I thought I was doing fine until I got stuck by this tag >>
>
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same
>
> tag but with 'href=' part
>
> tags are like these? >>
>
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
> -OR-
> <link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">
>
> """
> from pyparsing import makeHTMLTags,line
>
> linkTag = makeHTMLTags("link")[0]
> for toks,s,e in linkTag.scanString(testText):
>     print toks.href
>     print line(s,testText)
>     print
>
> Prints out:
>
> mystylesheet.css
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
>
> mystylesheet.css
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">  : same
>
>
> mystylesheet.css
> <link rel="stylesheet" href="mystylesheet.css" type="text/css">
>
> mystylesheet.css
> <link href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
>
> mystylesheet.css
> <link type="text/css" href="mystylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">


Less is more:

pat = re.compile(r'href="([^"]+)')
pat.search(your_link)
-------------- next part --------------
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From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 11:30:13 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:30:13 +0200
Subject: How to have application-wide global objects
References: <1152800331.763191.195710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e95ou0$mct$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Sanjay" wrote:

> Trying hard, I am not even being able to figure out how to create an
> object in one module and refer the same in another one. "import"
> created a new object, as I tried.

"import" doesn't create new objects, so that's not very likely.  can you post
some code so we don't have to guess what you've tried and not ?

</F> 





From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 10:20:45 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:20:45 +0200
Subject: Retrieve ext. variables in python program
References: <1153295958.835590.27990@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i6tbrF2eh9jU2@uni-berlin.de>

alfa1234 wrote:

> Trying to convert TCL code to python.
> 
> Have a property file from where I read some VAR's. Looks like this:
> EARPROJECT = sgs-procDist
> APPNAME = SGSProcedure
> 
> 
> In my TCL code I confirm the existence of the VAR = f.ex EARPROJECT by
> using code:
> 
> if { ([info exists APPNAME] && [info exists STAGEDIR] && [info exists
> EARPROJECT] && [info exists EARDESTINATION]) } {
> 
> 
> Does anyone know and equalent way to confirm a Variable from the same
> property file using PYTHON code ???

You can read it with the module ConfigParser

Diez


From gelists at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 18:49:01 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 19:49:01 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <v2w3p4p5264a.bqrd7u6k4e6l$.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-15 12:04:20, mystilleef wrote:

> State - behavior is not something I made up, so it isn't subjective. It
> is a common term used in OO literature. In fact, the only reason I used
> it is because I thought is was common knowledge. 

Of course. But your association of state with attributes and behavior with
methods is arbitrary to a specific implementation. Of course you probably
will have always something like attributes to store state, but you may
trigger behavior just as well through state changes as you may trigger it
through method calls or other means. (Remember, this is about the public
API, not about implementation details.)

Gerhard



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 02:24:13 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:24:13 +0200
Subject: mirroring object attributes using xml-rpc
In-Reply-To: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8iaad$a2g$1@sea.gmane.org>

sashang at gmail.com wrote:

> Then the client code can get the value of i like this:
> c = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("address")
> c.geti()
> 
> but why can't I get the value of i like this?
> 
> c.i

you can't.  the XML-RPC protocol only supports method calls, not 
attribute accesses.

 > How can I implement such behaviour?

you could use reflection to automatically wrap attributes on the server 
side; e.g.

     class foo:
	x = 10
	# generic getter
	def __getattr__(self, key):
	    if not key.startswith("get_"):
		raise AttributeError
	    value = getattr(self, key[4:])
	    return lambda: value

     f = foo()
     print f.x
     print f.get_x()

</F>



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 04:45:47 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 10:45:47 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc9fbd$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

tac-tics wrote:
>>Or even just:
>>
>>lst = []
>>
>>;-)
> 
> 
> Indeed.
> 
> I'd say the second one. 

And you'd be plain wrong.

> Empty lists are not false.

In a bolean context, empty containers (lists, tuples, dicts, sets etc),
empty strings, integer 0, float 0.0 and None are all false. This is part
of the language specs.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Sun Jul 30 22:19:23 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 19:19:23 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154312363.185563.23340@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Windows XP is fine. I am learning Python on Windows first with an eye
toward moving to Linux.

If you like, get the ActivePython distribution, which comes with the
Win32 extensions.

If you start liking Python, consider adding the IPython shell. There
are commandline tweaks you can do to make the XP commandline bearable,
in fact, I found them on this forum, so perhaps search on XP
commandline.

Good luck,

rd



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Thu Jul 27 18:05:27 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 08:05:27 +1000
Subject: how best to check a value? (if/else or try/except?)
In-Reply-To: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
References: <aB9yg.2592$No6.51158@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1154037927.5003.19.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Thu, 2006-07-27 at 20:44 +0000, John Salerno wrote:
> My code is below. The main focus would be on the OnStart method. I want 
> to make sure that a positive integer is entered in the input box. At 
> first I tried an if/else clause, then switched to try/except. Neither is 
> perfect yet, but I was wondering which I should try for in the first 
> place. I figure I need to check for an emptry string, non-numeric 
> strings (maybe these are the same check), 0 and negative numbers (which 
> might also fall into the category of 'anything but a number' because of 
> the negative sign).
> 

Have a look at using a wx.Validator in your wx.TextCtrl.


Syntax for wx.TextCtrl:

wx.TextCtrl(parent, id, value="", pos=wx.DefaultPosition,
size=wx.DefaultSize, style=0, validator=wx.DefaultValidator,
name=wx.TextCtrlNameStr)

This will enable you to automagically check the TextCtrl if it's empty,
has wrong data type, does not meet a prescribed condition (eg: no
negative numbers) and do something if it does not pass validation (eg:
colour the background of the TextCtrl red, initiate a system beep, etc).

Regards,

John



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 03:58:30 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 00:58:30 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<1153979776.269992.31070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153987110.395806.87550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Ray wrote:

> The argument against this is that since development with Python is so
> rapid, you're supposed to always equip your code with extensive unit
> tests. I like Python but I've never really bought that argument--I
> guess I've been doing Java too long :)
>

In Java, if you don't always equip your code with extensive unit tests,
what sort of testing do you do?

When do you pick up typo errors that the compiler may not detect, like
blahblah*12.365 instead of blahblah*12/365 ?



From mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com  Mon Jul 24 10:01:02 2006
From: mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com (mattjohnthomson at googlemail.com)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 07:01:02 -0700
Subject: _mssql on Python 2.5 Beta 2
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8453.1153749290.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153748064.876893.262590@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8453.1153749290.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153749662.564489.132420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Steve Holden wrote:
> You aren't using the same library you used with 2.4, by any chance?
> Compiled extensions are specific to a particular major version of
> Python, so (for example) 2.3 extension modules won't run under 2.4.
> Though normally, IIRC, that would give you problems on import, so this
> may be no help at all (in which case, sorry!)

Steve,
I recompiled the library for the 2.5 version.  If it makes a
difference, I used the altinstall option for python, so it's installed
as python2.5.

Thanks,
Matt



From tomwingmak at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 01:32:40 2006
From: tomwingmak at yahoo.com (tommak)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 22:32:40 -0700
Subject: "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence,
	Artificial Mind - Part One - Basic Architecture and Cognitive
	Structure"
Message-ID: <1151991160.471030.90310@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

It's a dream of human beings to build machines that can think and
behave like human beings.   The most important part of of such a
machine is an artificial mind that can emulate the cognitive processing
of human mind.

This book, "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Mind -
Part One - Basic Architecture and Cognitive Structure" introduces a
basic artificial mind architecture and computational model for
cognitive processing.  Based on the architecture and the computational
model, one can develop his own model of artificial mind according to
his own specific requirements.
Visit this page to download a free evaluation copy of the book:

http://www.geocities.com/tomwingmak/



From blue99 at interia.pl  Thu Jul 27 06:19:17 2006
From: blue99 at interia.pl (blue99 at interia.pl)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 03:19:17 -0700
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8607.1153994354.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153995557.224258.180860@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Jon Bowlas wrote:

> Here's my script:
>
> results = context.module_retriever().tuples() # call to ZSQLMethod
> converted = []
> for result in results:
>    result = list(result) # make a list from the tuple
>    for i in range(len(result)):
>     # for each element in the listified tuple, make decode to a
>     # unicode from the latin-1 string

try this:
       if result[i] is None: continue

>     result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')
>    converted.append(tuple(result)) # tuplify again
> return converted

regards,
Rob



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 26 16:15:34 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:15:34 -0500
Subject: why is this not working? (nested scope question)
In-Reply-To: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944019.553423.254660@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C7CD66.9050105@tim.thechases.com>

biner.sebastien at ouranos.ca wrote:
> I have a problem understanding the scope of variable in nested
> function. I think I got it nailed to the following example copied from
> Learning Python 2nd edition page 205. Here is the code.
> 
> def f1() :
>     x=88
>     f2()
> def f2() :
>     print 'x=',x
> f1()
> 
> that returns an error saying that "NameError: global name 'x' is not
> defined". I expected f2 to "see" the value of x defined in f1 since it
> is nested at runtime. My reading of the book comforted me in this.
> 
> What am I missing? Shouldn't the E of the LEGB rule take care of that.

There's a subtle difference between what you have:

 >>> def f1() :
...     x=88
...     f2()
 >>> def f2() :
...     print 'x=',x
 >>> f1()
[traceback]

and

 >>> def f1():
...     x = 88
...     def f2():
...             print 'x =',x
...     f2()
...
 >>> f1()
x = 88

The E in LEGB, as far as I understand it, involves to functions 
whose *definitions* are nested within another function...not 
those functions *called* within another function.  Craziness 
ensues with the next example:

 >>> def f1():
...     x = 99
...     def f2():
...             print 'x =',x
...     x = 77
...     f2()
...
 >>> f1()
x = 77


It makes sense...you just have to understand what it's doing. :)

-tkc





From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Fri Jul  7 10:04:05 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 00:04:05 +1000
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.07.14.04.05.27383@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 04:45:35 -0700, manstey wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I often use:
> 
> a='yy'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if a in tup:
>    <...>
> 
> but I can't find an equivalent code for:
> 
> a='xfsdfyysd asd x'
> tup=('x','yy','asd')
> if tup in a:
>    < ...>

Of course you can't. Strings don't contain tuples, since they are utterly
different kinds of objects.

> I can only do:
> 
> if 'x' in a or 'yy' in a or 'asd' in a:
>    <...>
> 
> but then I can't make the if clause dependent on changing value of tup.

Sure you can.

a = 'xfsdfyysd asd x'
tup = ('x','yy','asd')
for item in tup:
    if item not in a:
        print "Item missing"
        break
else:
    print "All items found."

It's a little verbose, but you can stick it into a function definition and
use it as a one-liner.

Or, use a list comprehension:

a = 'xfsdfyysd asd x'
tup = ('x','yy','asd')
if [item for item in tup if item in a]:
    print "Some items found."
else:
    print "No items found."

Or, you can use filter:

a = 'xfsdfyysd asd x'
tup = ('x','yy','asd')
if filter(lambda item, a=a: item in a, tup):
    print "Some items found."
else:
    print "No items found."


However, keep in mind that "in" has a subtly different effect in strings
and tuples. 

"x" in ("x", "y") is true, but "x" in ("xy", "yy") is not, as you would
expect. However, the situation for strings isn't quite the same:
"x" in "x y" is true, but so is "x" in "xx yy".

One way around that is to convert your string a into a list:

a = 'xfsdfyysd asd x'
a = a.split()  # split on any whitespace

and now your tests will behave as you expected.



-- 
Steven.



From panard at backzone.net  Mon Jul 24 09:26:58 2006
From: panard at backzone.net (Panard)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 15:26:58 +0200
Subject: threading+ftp+import => block
Message-ID: <44c4ca96$0$11791$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Hi,
I'm experiencing a strange problem while trying to manage a ftp connection
into a separate thread.

I'm on linux, python 2.4.3

Here is a test :
------ ftp_thread.py ------
import ftplib
import threading
import datetime

class test( threading.Thread ) :
        ftp_conn = ftplib.FTP("localhost","user","pass")
        def run( self ) :
                print self.ftp_conn.pwd()
                self.ftp_conn.dir("/")
                print datetime.date.today()
def t() :
        t = test()
        t.start()
        t.join()
t()
-------

If I do :
$ python ftp_thread.py
/
drwxrwsr-x   2 panard   ftp          4096 Jul 24 12:48 archives
2006-07-24
==> Works perfectly

But :
$ python
>>> import ftp_thread
/
<program block>

For a strange reason, I've tried to add theses lines before the 't()' call :

ftp_conn = ftplib.FTP("localhost","user","pass")
ftp_conn.dir("/")

And then, when calling t(), self.ftp_conn.dir("/") shows the list ! (I guess
a problem of globals()/import .. ?)
But... the program now blocks just before displaying today date...

I guess I'm doing something really wrong with threads.. but I don't know
what...

Any hints?

Thanks

Panard


From yves.lange at bluewin.ch  Wed Jul 19 13:03:40 2006
From: yves.lange at bluewin.ch (Yves Lange)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 19:03:40 +0200
Subject: Snapshot+Clipboard
Message-ID: <44be65fa$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>

Hello,
i'm searching a method to take a snapshot and save it in a jpg, bmp or 
gif file. I tried with win32api and win32con but it save the snapshot to 
the clipboard, so i tried to redirect this in a file but i have some 
problems while getting the IMAGE stocked in the clipboard and save it to 
a file. Can somebody help me ?

Questions:
-How can i read the snapshot in the clipboard ?
-How can i take a snapshot in a different way (less difficult) ?

Thks.


From j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk  Thu Jul 27 05:43:25 2006
From: j.bowlas at ucl.ac.uk (Jon Bowlas)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 10:43:25 +0100
Subject: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found
Message-ID: <00b401c6b161$1b90db20$40e53cc1@wu5>

Hi listers,

I wrote this script in Zope some time ago and it worked for a while, but now 
I'm getting the following error:
TypeError: coercing to Unicode: need string or buffer, NoneType found

Here's my script:

results = context.module_retriever().tuples() # call to ZSQLMethod
converted = []
for result in results:
   result = list(result) # make a list from the tuple
   for i in range(len(result)):
    # for each element in the listified tuple, make decode to a
    # unicode from the latin-1 string
    result[i] = unicode(result[i], 'latin-1')
   converted.append(tuple(result)) # tuplify again
return converted

Where module_retriever is a simple Z SQL method that returns a module title 
and a module code.
So results = context.module_retriever().tuples() returns:
[('Developmental Neurobiology', 'ANAT2008'), ('Neuroanatomy', 
'ANAT2009'),('etc...', 'etc..'),..]So I was hoping someone might be able to 
identify what I've done wrong here. It is a little mistifying as to why it's 
suddenly stopped working though.CheersJon





From max at alcyone.com  Wed Jul  5 00:14:17 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 21:14:17 -0700
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7791.1152069107.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7791.1152069107.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4eudnQbULK8EoTbZnZ2dnUVZ_uWdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

bruce wrote:

> basic question..
> 
> how do i define a multi dimensional array
> 
>  a[10][10]
> 
> is there a kind of a = array(10,10)

It's just a list of lists.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Have you ever loved somebody / Who didn't know
    -- Zhane


From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 10:19:23 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (simon.hibbs at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 07:19:23 -0700
Subject: Data access from multiple code modules
Message-ID: <1152713962.652617.41840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Lets say that I have an application consisting of 3 files. A main.py
file, gui.py and a data.py which handles persistent data storage.
Suppose data.py defines a class 'MyDB' which reads in data from a
database, and main.py creates an instance of this object. How does code
in gui.py access this object? Here's simplified pseudocode:

MAIN.PY
import gui, data
DataObject = data.MyDB(blah)

How do I write code in gui.py that can access DataObject? Is this
entirely the wrong way to approach this sort of problem?

Actualy the problem is more complex because the GUI consists of a main
GUI form, and panels defined as seperate objects in seperate files.
Various panels will contain controlls for manipulating data in the
DataObject, or wherever data storage end up.


Best regards,

Simon Hibbs
(who strugles to get his head round this OOP stuff sometimes).



From skpatel20 at hotmail.com  Wed Jul 19 02:10:50 2006
From: skpatel20 at hotmail.com (Sanjay)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 23:10:50 -0700
Subject: Partial classes
Message-ID: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

Not being able to figure out how are partial classes coded in Python.

Example: Suppose I have a code generator which generates part of a
business class, where as the custome part is to be written by me. In
ruby (or C#), I divide the code into two source files. Like this:

GeneratedPerson.rb
Class Person
  .
  .
  .

End Class

HandcraftedPerson.rb
Class Person
 .
 .
 .
End Class

The intrepretor adds the code in both to compose the class Person.

What is the equivalent in Python? Inheriting is a way, but is not
working in all scenerios.

Thanks
Sanjay



From frank at chagford.com  Wed Jul 26 01:28:40 2006
From: frank at chagford.com (Frank Millman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 22:28:40 -0700
Subject: 2 timers, doesnt work?
In-Reply-To: <1153842726.327272.71850@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153842726.327272.71850@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153891720.414935.270780@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Kiran wrote:
> I am creating 2 timers inside a GUI, but it seems that only the one
> declared last (the second timer), gets triggered, but the first one
> doesnt.
>

You really should check the archives before posting. Exactly the same
question was asked less than a week ago.

The original question was answered by Nikie. I have quoted the reply
verbatim -

----------------------------------------------------------------
The problem is not that the first timer is stopped, the problem is
that both timers happen to call the same method in the end.

Think of the "Bind" method as an assignment: it assigns a handler
function to an event source. If you call it twice for the same event
source, the second call will overwrite the first event handler. That's
what happens in your code.


The easiest way to change this is by using different ids for the
timers:


    def startTimer1(self):
        self.t1 = wx.Timer(self, id=1)
        self.t1.Start(2000)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnUpTime, id=1)


    def startTimer2(self):
        self.t2 = wx.Timer(self, id=2)
        self.t2.Start(1000)
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTime, id=2)


This way, the timers launch two different events, which are bound to
two different methods.
----------------------------------------------------------------

I would suggest one minor change. Create a variable for the id using
wx.NewId(), and pass the variable as an argument in both places,
instead of hard-coding the id. That way you are guaranteed to get a
unique id. In a large project it can be difficult to keep track of
which id's have been used if they are all hard-coded.

Frank Millman



From steve at holdenweb.com  Wed Jul 19 03:16:34 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 08:16:34 +0100
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <1153238701.886118.114990@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153238701.886118.114990@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9km8q$aoo$2@sea.gmane.org>

tac-tics wrote:
> nephish at xit.net wrote:
> 
>>Hey there,
>>i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
>>get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
>>could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
>>I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
>>books.
> 
> 
> Lambda is just as powerful as a function, but totally useless =-P
> 
> Lambda used to be handy before the introduction of list comprehensions.
> Now, though, there primary use is obfuscating your code.
> 
I do wish you could hold yourself back and stop muddying the waters. 
Lambdas and list comprehensions have little or nothing to do with each 
other. Unless you know something I don't ...

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Fri Jul 21 06:41:47 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 12:41:47 +0200
Subject: what's wrong with this if statement?
References: <8R9wg.2546$No6.50784@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <%5awg.32108$nK.11092@dukeread05>

John Salerno wrote:

> Here's the full code, but you can probably safely ignore most of it,
> especially the wxPython stuff:
> 
> -----------------------------------
> 
> import wx
> 
> 
> class MyFrame(wx.Frame):
> 
>      def __init__(self):
>          wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent=None, id=wx.ID_ANY)
>          panel = wx.Panel(self)
> 
>          mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
>          inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
> 
>          self.count = 0
>          self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
>          self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'test')
>          prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time:')
>          self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, size=(20, 20))
>          self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
>          self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
> 
>          mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP,
> border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL,
> border=10)
>          mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALL, border=10)
>          inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
> 
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
>          self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)
> 
>          panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
> 
>      def OnStart(self, event):
>          self.time = self.input.GetValue()
>          self.timer.Start(1000)
> 
>      def OnTimer(self, event):
>          self.count += 1
>          if self.count < self.time:
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.count)
>              self.status.SetLabel(str(self.count))
> 
> 
> class MyApp(wx.App):
> 
>      def OnInit(self):
>          frame = MyFrame()
>          self.SetTopWindow(frame)
>          frame.Show()
>          return True
> 
> 
> if __name__ == '__main__':
>      app = MyApp(redirect=False)
>      app.MainLoop()
> 
> ------------------------------------
> 
> The code in question is mainly this:
> 
> def OnTimer(self, event):
>          self.count += 1
>          if self.count < self.time:
>              self.progress.SetValue(self.count)
>              self.status.SetLabel(str(self.count))
> 
> When I run the program, the progress bar and the status label continue
> to increase even after self.count has (presumably) become larger than
> self.time. Why is this? All I do is enter in '10' as the value to test
> it, and it keeps counting even beyond 10.



Check the type of self.time: unicode - you need to convert it to int
first ... plus your timer will need to be shutdown when you're done.

Regards,

Philippe




From khemkaamit at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 02:44:42 2006
From: khemkaamit at gmail.com (Amit Khemka)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:14:42 +0530
Subject: import a user created python file as module
In-Reply-To: <1154326026.973682.305080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154326026.973682.305080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1360b7230607302344u11ecf43fl9d2d3abd8ea93b56@mail.gmail.com>

On 30 Jul 2006 23:07:07 -0700, Phoe6 <orsenthil at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
>      I have the following directory structure in my project.
> Base:
>          file1.py
>          file2.py
>          Directory1:
>                        file1-dir1.py
>
> I am able to import file1 into file2.py
> What I need to do is, import file1 in the file file1-dir1.py.
> I did not create the entire dir structure as package. Adding
> __init__.py file in both Base: as well as Directory1: is not helpful. I
> am unable to import file1 in the file1-dir1.py. It is not able to find
> the path of the file1.py.
>
> How and what should I do to import file1.py into file1-dir1.py ? Please
> give me some references to the tutorial topic which I can study as
> well.

 Modify the path where python searches for modules, for example in
file1-dir1.py add:

 import sys
 sys.path.append("/path/to/Base")
 import file1


cheers,
amit.
-- 
----
Amit Khemka -- onyomo.com
Home Page: www.cse.iitd.ernet.in/~csd00377
Endless the world's turn, endless the sun's Spinning, Endless the quest;
I turn again, back to my own beginning, And here, find rest.


From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Tue Jul 11 19:18:23 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 16:18:23 -0700
Subject: Is there a limit to os.popen()?
In-Reply-To: <ldo-C27781.10403012072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <mailman.8041.1152642684.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152646501.703166.69090@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<ldo-C27781.10403012072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <44B431BF.2060002@mvista.com>

Lawrence D'Oliveiro wrote:
> In article <mailman.8046.1152654954.27775.python-list at python.org>,
>  "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>
>   
>> Well, running the make on the command line seems to work just fine, no 
>> errors at all.
>>     
>
> What about running it as
>
>     make kernelrelease | cat
>
> This way the output goes to a pipe, which is what happens when it's 
> called from your script. Do you see those "broken pipe" messages after a 
> few minutes in this case?
>   
Alright, so I tried that line in the interpreter and got the same 
problem.  So let me quickly state what I know, and what I'm starting to 
infer.

Anyhow, running make on the command line gives me no problems.  There 
are cats all over the makefile, I checked, but I don't seem to have any 
problems on the command line.  Now, when attempting to run this make in 
python things seem to go alright, except I get tons of errors dumped to 
the screen, its very confusing.  I don't know too much about pipes 
though or how exactly to go about debugging this.  Could it be something 
like, make's output is piped correctly but pipes used by cat within the 
makefile get screwed up inside python somehow?

-c




-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 23:02:16 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 20:02:16 -0700
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8411.1153530539.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153535797.455442.266640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153537336.305790.311650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> That third option seems to work fine.

Well it does, but there are still many things wrong with it

    if len(tok) > 0:
should be written as
    if(tok):

    tok = ''
    tok = toc + c
should be written as
    tok = []
    tok.append(c)
and later
    ''.join(toc)

anyway, the entire thing should be replaced with something like this:
import re
def breakLine(s):
    splitters = '?()&|:~,'
    chars = '^ \t\n\r\f\v%s' % splitters
    regex = '''(
        (?:[%s])
        |
        (?:[%s]+))''' % (splitters, chars)
    return re.findall(regex, s,re.VERBOSE)

That should be able to be simplified even more if one were to use the
character lists built into the regex standard.

-- 
- Justin



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 00:42:00 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 23:42:00 -0500
Subject: numarray
In-Reply-To: <08da01c69fea$a2b56b80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <08da01c69fea$a2b56b80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <e8fful$evi$1@sea.gmane.org>

bruce wrote:
> hi...
> 
> i'm trying to find numarray.. i found the numpy on sourceforge and
> downloaded/installed..
> 
> i did a
> python>> import numarray
> 
> and got an error...

Never just say "I got an error." It tells us nothing. Copy-and-paste the exact 
error message. I presume, however, that you installed numpy, not numarray. They 
are not the same thing.

> the docs that i've seen point to the sourceforge area.. but i only see
> numpy.. which appears to incorporate numarray..

No, it replaces numarray.

http://www.scipy.org/NumPy

> my goal is to somehow define multi-dimensional arrays of strengs...

 >>> from numpy import *
 >>> a = array([['some', 'strings'],['in an', 'array']], dtype=object)
 >>> a
array([[some, strings],
        [in an, array]], dtype=object)

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From 31337one at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:42:38 2006
From: 31337one at gmail.com (31337one at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:42:38 -0700
Subject: Simulate input to another program
Message-ID: <1154025758.484753.180200@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello everyone,

I am using a python script as a way to test another program that I have
written in C++. The program cannot be altered. It needs to stay the way
it is.

I need to simulate a few keystrokes to the application while it is
running. The application uses number keys and y and n to navigate a
basic menu.

Is there a way within python to simulate the keystrokes to this other
program.

Both the application and the python script are running in a terminal.

Thanks for all your help,

-E



From steve at holdenweb.com  Fri Jul 21 06:48:10 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:48:10 +0100
Subject: Semantics of propagated exceptions
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>
References: <pan.2006.07.21.09.57.12.847175@ID-174572.user.uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <e9qbdq$k1u$1@sea.gmane.org>

Thomas Lotze wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I wonder how to solve the following problem the most pythonic way:
> 
> Suppose you have a function f which, as part of its protocol, raises some
> standard exception E under certain, well-defined circumstances. Suppose
> further that f calls other functions which may also raise E. How to best
> distinguish whether an exception E raised by f has the meaning defined by
> the protocol or just comes from details of the implementation?
> 
> As an example, let's inherit from dict and replace __getitem__. It is
> supposed to raise a KeyError if an item is not found in the mapping. But
> what if it does some magic to use default values:
> 
> def __getitem__(self, key):
> 	if key in self:
> 		return self[key]
> 	defaults = foobar["default"]
> 	return defaults[key]
> 
> If "default" is not in foobar, a KeyError is raised by that lookup and
> propagates to the calling code. However, the problem is not "key can't be
> found" but "I'm too stupid to find out whether key can be found". In a web
> context where key identifies the resource requested, this might make the
> difference between a 404 "Not found" and a 500 "Internal server error"
> response.
> 
The obvious response is to make the implementation less stupid by 
replacing the last statement with

     try:
         return defaults[key]
     except KeyError:
         raise KeyError("No default for key value %s" % key)

> Several solutions come to mind, neither of which I'm satisfied with:
> 
> - f might catch E exceptions from the implementation and raise some other
> error in their stead, maybe with an appropriate message or treating the
> traceback in some helpful way. This destroys the original exception.
> 
My "solution", of course, takes this approach. The error can readily be 
recognised as different from the standard KeyError message. The original 
exception is worthless in this context as your new type is clearly 
supposed to provide a default for any absent key value. The handling 
code should thus treat the key's absence as some sort of implementation 
error.

> - f might catch and re-raise E exceptions, setting some flag on them that
> identifies them as protocol exceptions or not. This requires calling code
> to know about the flag.
> 
This doesn't seem particularly helpful in your case. Since the purpose 
of the flag is to distinguish the actual exception thrown by your type 
from the exception thrown during method execution it would seem more 
direct to use a different exception altogether.


> - Calling code might guess whether the exception comes from some inner
> working of f from how deep in the calling stack the exception originated.
> Obviously, this will not be easy or not even work at all if f calls
> related functions which might also raise E with the protocol semantics.
> This requires calling code to do some magic but keeps f from having to
> catch and raise exceptions all over the place.
> 
The problem with this approach is that the more complex your 
implementations become, the more complex the client (calling) code has 
to be. It will probably also require serious changes to the calling code 
as implementation details change, which doesn't give very good isolation.

> Some gut feeling tells me the first option is preferrable, but I'ld like
> to read your opinions and maybe other alternatives.
> 

Just my two cents worth.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From maric at aristote.info  Thu Jul 13 07:13:27 2006
From: maric at aristote.info (Maric Michaud)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:13:27 +0200
Subject: help in xml and python
In-Reply-To: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152787835.993427.108880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607131313.30436.maric@aristote.info>

Le jeudi 13 juillet 2006 12:50, Kirt a ?crit?:
> ? ?<directory>
> ? ? <dirname>/home/moq/buc/2</dirname>
> ? ? <file>
> ? ? ?<name>mod2.py</name>
> ? ? ?<time>200607131001</time>
> ? ? </file>
> ? ?</directory>

In [109]: xmldir = """   <directory>
   .....:     <dirname>%(dir)s</dirname>
   .....:     <file>
   .....:      <name>%(file)s</name>
   .....:      <time>%(time)s</time>
   .....:     </file>
   .....:    </directory>"""


In [116]: xmloutput = '\n'.join(('<modified>',) + tuple(xmldir % {'dir': 
path.rsplit('/', 1)[0], 'file':path.split('/')[-1], 'time':time} for path, 
time in modifiedfiles) + ('</modified>',)) #turning this into a readable not 
one-liner code is left as an exercise :)

In [117]: print xmloutput
<modified>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/2</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>mod2.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/1</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>mod2.py</name>
     <time>200607131000</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc/1</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>mod3.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
   <directory>
    <dirname>/home/moq/buc</dirname>
    <file>
     <name>1+mod1.py</name>
     <time>200607131001</time>
    </file>
   </directory>
</modified>


-- 
_____________

Maric Michaud
_____________

Aristote - www.aristote.info
3 place des tapis
69004 Lyon
Tel: +33 426 880 097


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Sat Jul 15 16:30:48 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Sat, 15 Jul 2006 22:30:48 +0200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <m2vepyvcef.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Yi Xing <yxing at stanford.edu> (YX) wrote:

>YX> Hi All,
>YX> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #). Each
>YX> line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast way of
>YX> doing this in Python? Thanks.

Not fast. You have to read all preceding lines.
If you have to do this many times while the file does not change, you could
build an index into the file.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From hancock at anansispaceworks.com  Mon Jul  3 22:59:38 2006
From: hancock at anansispaceworks.com (Terry Hancock)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 21:59:38 -0500
Subject: Out of the box database support
In-Reply-To: <1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44A9D99A.50705@anansispaceworks.com>

BartlebyScrivener wrote:
> > Thanks for the info. No thanks for the smarmy "pony" comment.
>
>  Do you really want "smarmy" here? I don't think it works. Don't you
>  mean "flip" or "smart-alecky" or "facetious"?

Hmm. I think the word we're looking for here is "snarky". ;-)

Although, I confess to ignorance on what a "snark" is or whether
it is particularly known for brief self-consciously clever sarcastic
responses.

I sympathize with the shared-hosting problem, that's a major pain.
I would say 'go find a virtual private hosting service', but my
batting average is not so good with actual companies on that. I had
one that was pretty decent, but then went out of business and now
I'm with one that has rather poor-to-mediocre support and has been
extraordinarily slow ("VPSLand", BTW).  I don't suppose anyone has
better options? I was looking for somebody that would let me run
Debian on a VPS.

Cheers,
Terry

-- 
Terry Hancock (hancock at AnansiSpaceworks.com)
Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Sat Jul 29 16:43:59 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 22:43:59 +0200
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
	<44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <001101c6b34f$b8b07c40$0201a8c0@mcuf7>


----- Original Message -----
From: "Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 5:11 PM
Subject: Re: Newbie..Needs Help


> Thanks Nick for the reply
> Of course my first post was a general posting to see if someone would be
> able to help
> here is the website which holds the data I require
> http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo
>
> The fields required are as follows
>  NSW Tab
> #      Win      Place
>  2    $4.60   $2.40
>  5                $2.70
>  1                $1.30
>  Quin    $23.00
>  Tri  $120.70
> Field names are
> Date   ( not important )
> Track................= Bendigo
> RaceNo............on web page
> Res1st...............2
> Res2nd..............5
> Res3rd..............1
> Div1..................$4.60
> DivPlc...............$2.40
> Div2..................$2.70
> Div3..................$1.30
> DivQuin.............$23.00
> DivTrif...............$120.70
> As you can see there are a total of 6 meetings involved and I would need to
> put in this parameter ( =bdgo) or (=gosf) these are the meeting tracks
>
> Hope this more enlightening
> Regards
> graham
>

Graham,

Only a few days ago I gave someone a push who had a very similar problem. I handed him code ready to run. I am doing it again for
you.
      The site you use is much harder to interpret than the other one was and so I took the opportunity to experimentally stretch
the envelope of a new brain child of mine: a stream editor called SE. It is new and so I also take the opportunity to demo it.
      One correspondent in the previous exchange was Paul McGuire, the author of 'pyparse'. He made a good case for using 'pyparse'
in situations like yours. Unlike a stream editor, a parser reads structure in addition to data and can relate the data to its
context.
      Anlayzing the tables I noticed that they are poorly structured: The first column contains both data and ids. Some records are
shorter than others, so column ids have to be guessed and hard coded. Missing data sometimes is a dash, sometimes nothing. The
inconsistencies seem to be consistent, though, down the eight tables of the page. So they can be formalized with some confidence
that they are systematic. If Paul could spend some time on this, I'd be much interested to see how he would handle the relative
disorder.
      Another thought: The time one invests in developing a program should not exceed the time it can save overall (not talking
about recreational programming). Web pages justify an extra measure of caution, because they may change any time and when they do
they impose an unscheduled priority every time the reader stops working and requires a revision.

So, here is your program. I write it so you can copy the whole thing to a file. Next copy SE from the Cheese Shop. Unzip it and put
both SE.PY and SEL.PY where your Python progams are. Then 'execfile' the code in an IDLE window, call 'display_horse_race_data
('Bendigo', '27/07/2006') and see what happens. You'll have to wait ten seconds or so.

Regards

Frederic

######################################################################################

TRACKS = { 'New Zealand' : '',
           'Bendigo'     : 'bdgo',
           'Gosford'     : 'gosf',
           'Northam'     : 'nthm',
           'Port Augusta': 'pta',
           'Townsville'  : 'town',
         }


# This function does it all once all functions are loaded. If nothing shows, the
# page has not data.

def display_horse_race_data (track, date, clip_summary = 100):

   """
      tracks: e.g. 'Bendigo' or 'bdgo'
      date: e.g. '27/07/2006'
      clip_summary: each table has a long summary header.
        the argument says hjow much of it to show.
   """

   if track [0].isupper ():
      if TRACKS.has_key (track):
         track = TRACKS [track]
      else:
         print 'No such track %s' % track
         return
   open ()
   header, records = get_horse_race_data (track, date)
   show_records (header, records, clip_summary)



######################################################################################


import SE, urllib

_is_open = 0

def open ():

   global _is_open

   if not _is_open:   # Skip repeat calls

      global Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, CSV_Maker

      # Making the following Editors is a step-by-step process, adding one element at a time and
      # looking at what it does and what should be done next.
      # Get pertinent data segments
      header            = ' "~(?i)Today\'s Results - .+?<div style="padding-top:5px;">~==*END*OF*HEADER*" '
      race_summary      = ' "~(?i)Race [1-9].*?</font><br>~==" '
      data_segment      = ' "~(?i)<table border=0 width=100% cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>(.|\n)*?</table>~==*END*OF*SEGMENT*" '
      Data_Filter = SE.SE (' <EAT> ' + header + race_summary + data_segment)

      # Some data items are empty. Fill them with a dash.
      mark_null_data = ' "~(?i)>\s*&nbsp;\s*</td>~=>-" '
      Null_Data_Marker = SE.SE (mark_null_data + ' "&nbsp;= " ')

      # Dump the tags
      eat_tags     = ' "~<(.|\n)*?>~=" '
      eat_comments = ' "~<!--(.|\n)*?-->~=" '
      Tag_Stripper = SE.SE (eat_tags + eat_comments + ' (13)= ')

      # Visual inspection is easier without all those tabs and empty lines
      Space_Deflator = SE.SE ('"~\n[\t ]+~=(10)" "~[\t ]+\n=(10)" | "~\n+~=(10)"')

      # Translating line breaks to tabs will make a tab-delimited CSV
      CSV_Maker = SE.SE ( '(10)=(9)' )

      _is_open = 1   # Block repeat calls



def close ():

   """Call close () if you want to free up memory"""

   global Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, CSV_Maker
   del Data_Filter, Null_Data_Marker, Tag_Stripper, Space_Deflator, CSV_Maker
   urllib.urlcleanup ()
   del urllib
   del SE



def get_horse_race_data (track, date):

   """tracks: 'bndg' or (the other one)
      date: e.g. '27/07/2006'
      The website shows partial data or none at all, probably depending on
      race schedules. The relevance of the date in the url is unclear.
   """

   def make_url (track, date):
      return 'http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=%s&meetings=%s' % (date, track)

   page = urllib.urlopen (make_url (track, date))
   p = page.read ()
   page.close ()
   # When developing the program, don't get the file from the internet on
   # each call. Download it and read it from the hard disk.

   raw_data = Data_Filter (p)
   raw_data_marked = Null_Data_Marker (raw_data)
   raw_data_no_tags = Tag_Stripper (raw_data_marked)
   raw_data_compact = Space_Deflator (raw_data_no_tags)
   data = CSV_Maker (raw_data_compact)
   header, tables = data.split ('*END*OF*HEADER*', 1)
   records = tables.split ('*END*OF*SEGMENT*')
   return header, records [:-1]



def show_record (record, clip_summary = 100):

   """clip_summary: None will display it all"""

   # The records all have 55 fields.
   # These are the relevant indexes:
   SUMMARY                   =  0
   FIRST                     =  8
   FIRST_NSWTAB_WIN          =  9
   FIRST_NSWTAB_PLACE        = 10
   FIRST_TABCORP_WIN         = 11
   FIRST_TABCORP_PLACE       = 12
   FIRST_UNITAB_WIN          = 13
   FIRST_UNITAB_PLACE        = 14
   SECOND                    = 15
   SECOND_NSWTAB_PLACE       = 17
   SECOND_TABCORP_PLACE      = 19
   SECOND_UNITAB_PLACE       = 21
   THIRD                     = 22
   THIRD_NSWTAB_PLACE        = 23
   THIRD_TABCORP_PLACE       = 24
   THIRD_UNITAB_PLACE        = 25
   QUIN_NSWTAB_PLACE         = 28
   QUIN_TABCORP_PLACE        = 30
   QUIN_UNITAB_PLACE         = 32
   EXACTA_NSWTAB_PLACE       = 35
   EXACTA_TABCORP_PLACE      = 37
   EXACTA_UNITAB_PLACE       = 39
   TRI_NSWTAB_PLACE          = 41
   TRI_TABCORP_PLACE         = 42
   TRI_UNITAB_PLACE          = 43
   DDOUBLE_NSWTAB_PLACE      = 46
   DDOUBLE_TABCORP_PLACE     = 48
   DDOUBLE_UNITAB_PLACE      = 50
   SUB_SCR_NSW               = 52
   SUB_SCR_TABCORP           = 53
   SUB_SCR_UNITAB            = 54

   if clip_summary == None:
      print record [SUMMARY]
   else:
      print record [SUMMARY] [:clip_summary] + '...'
      print

   # Your specification:
   # Date   ( not important )          -> In url and summary of first record
   # Track................= Bendigo    -> In url and summary of first record
   # RaceNo............on web page     -> In summary (index of record + 1?)
   # Res1st...............2
   # Res2nd..............5
   # Res3rd..............1
   # Div1..................$4.60
   # DivPlc...............$2.40
   # Div2..................$2.70
   # Div3..................$1.30
   # DivQuin.............$23.00
   # DivTrif...............$120.70

   print 'Res1st  > %s' % record [FIRST]
   print 'Res2nd  > %s' % record [SECOND]
   print 'Res3rd  > %s' % record [THIRD]
   print 'Div1    > %s' % record [FIRST_NSWTAB_WIN]
   print 'DivPlc  > %s' % record [FIRST_NSWTAB_PLACE]
   print 'Div2    > %s' % record [SECOND_NSWTAB_PLACE]
   print 'Div3    > %s' % record [THIRD_NSWTAB_PLACE]
   print 'DivQuin > %s' % record [QUIN_NSWTAB_PLACE]
   print 'DivTrif > %s' % record [TRI_NSWTAB_PLACE]

   # Add others as you like from the list of index names above



def show_records (header, records, clip_summary = 100):

   print '\n%s\n' % header
   for record in records:
      show_record (record.split ('\t'), clip_summary)
      print '\n'


##########################################################################
#
# show_records (records, 74) displays:
#
# Today's Results - 27/07/2006 BENDIGO
#
# Race 1 results:Carlsruhe Roadhouse Mdn Plate $11,000 2yo Maiden 1400m Appr...
#
# Res1st  > 2
# Res2nd  > 5
# Res3rd  > 1
# Div1    > $4.60
# DivPlc  > $2.40
# Div2    > $2.70
# Div3    > $1.30
# DivQuin > $23.00
# DivTrif > $120.70
#
#
# Race 2 results:Gerard K. House P/L Mdn Plate $11,000 3yo Maiden 1400m Appr...
#
# Res1st  > 6
# Res2nd  > 7
# Res3rd  > 5
# Div1    > $3.50
# DivPlc  > $1.60
# Div2    > $2.60
# Div3    > $1.40
# DivQuin > $18.60
# DivTrif > $75.80
#
#
# Race 3 results:Richard Cambridge Printers Mdn $11,000 3yo Maiden 1400m Appr...
#
# Res1st  > 11
# Res2nd  > 12
# Res3rd  > 1
# Div1 ...
#
# ... etc
#





From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 12 18:27:57 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 00:27:57 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152722652.752015.201580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4hkmraF1u47U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152722652.752015.201580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hlbbeF5an8U1@uni-berlin.de>


Please don't top post. I had to fix that below.

>>> Any other thoughts or considerations are appreciated.
>> You could try and create a md5 sum of your strings and use that as key. It
>> _should_ be good enough, but I'm no crypto expert so take that with a grain
>> of salt.

 > It should be enough but it might be a little slower than hash(string).

hash alone won't be sufficient, as it is guaranteed to have to much 
collisions. The OP already figured that out, btw.

Diez


From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 10:47:18 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:47:18 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1j1rg4v6grxue$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-27 09:42:16, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

>> Are you saying Python variables don't hold references to "actual" Python
>> objects? 
> 
> Exactly.
> 
>> That idea has been working well for me so far.
> 
> It can only take you so far. Now it's time you know the truth: there are
> *no* 'variables' in Python (hence the term 'binding').
> 
> What you really have is (somewhat simplified, of course) a dict with
> names as keys and objects references (think of 'smart' pointers) as
> values. So the name doesn't 'hold' anything - it's really nothing more
> than a name. And the object doesn't know nothing about which names it's
> bound to.

I see that, and this thread and your and others explanations have been
helpful in seeing deeper. 

But can't this be expressed -- maybe -- as the variable name "holding" the
reference that is associated to it through the dict? Aside the explicit
mentioning of the dict (which I agree is in itself a value, especially
since that dict exists and can be accessed as dict), the image seems to
provide the same analogy.

Gerhard



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 06:34:56 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 12:34:56 +0200
Subject: When is Django going to...
In-Reply-To: <1153823032.615318.8610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153823032.615318.8610@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c5f3d1$0$6512$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Ray wrote:
> support Oracle and MS SQL Server? I just realized that's gonna be a big
> blow for my case against RoR because we use both databases almost
> exclusively, we don't use any of Django supported database actually.
> 
> I did a search and found that there was an Oracle support
> committed--but is it going to make it into any release any time soon?
> 

You'd probably get better answers on Django's mailing-list ?

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From martin at v.loewis.de  Tue Jul  4 14:12:02 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 20:12:02 +0200
Subject: handling unicode data
In-Reply-To: <1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151506510.391856.207460@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7569.1151507724.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151514404.954008.282280@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7578.1151515008.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151516742.596423.157450@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.06.28.20.46.03.804763@gmx.net>
	<1151684068.319765.42270@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<44a5b4f0$0$29917$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1152024185.353047.263030@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AAAF72.6050002@v.loewis.de>

Filipe wrote:
> term = row[1]
> print repr(term)
> 
> output I got in Pyscripter's interpreter window:
> 'Fran\x87a'
> 
> output I got in the command line:
> 'Fran\xd8a'
> 
> I'd expect "print" to behave differently according with the console's
> encoding, but does this mean this happens with repr() too?

repr always generates ASCII bytes. They are not effected by the
console's encoding. If you get different output, it really means
that the values are different (check ord(row[1][4]) to be sure)

What is the precise sequence of statements that you used to
set the "row" variable?

Regards,
Martin


From tim.leslie at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 23:57:56 2006
From: tim.leslie at gmail.com (Tim Leslie)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 13:57:56 +1000
Subject: Making a time series analysis package in python - advice or
	assistance sought
In-Reply-To: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
References: <e8kk4u$8b6$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>
Message-ID: <d32b45350607062057h2df3fb3cx7cf0cde314495122@mail.gmail.com>

Hi Ray,

As a first step you might want to look at numpy/scipy/matplotlib

numpy (numpy.scipy.org) provides the underlying data structures (array
and matrices among other things) you require. This will handle all
your vector stuff, reading/writing to and from files, "loop macros",
etc.

scipy (www.scipy.org) provides a set of scientific programming
libraries, including stats, fft and many other things. Have a look
around and see if it already does what you want.

matplotlib (http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/) takes care of all your
plotting needs, and plays nice with numpy and scipy.

HTH

Tim

On 7/7/06, Ray Tomes <ray at tomes.remove.biz> wrote:
> Hi Folks
>
> I am an old codger who has much experience with computers
> in the distant past before all this object oriented stuff.
> Also I have loads of software in such languages as FORTRAN
> and BASIC, QBASIC etc that is very useful except that it
> really doesn't like to run on modern operating systems and
> has hopeless graphics resolution and lack of ease of use in
> some ways.
>
> My desire is to get all the facilities available in my
> old programs working in a modern platform with flexible
> and high-res graphics and easy to use. Ideally I might
> find some good coders that are interested in the subject
> who would assist me, alternatively some help in getting
> started because there is so much info and so many resources
> and libraries etc that I don't know where to start.
>
> My package will have the following capabilities:
> 1. Able to read time series data in a variety of formats.
> 2. Able to create, manipulate and save time series files.
> 3. Able to do vector arithmetic on time series, including
> dozens of functions.
> 4. Loop and macro facilities to simplify repetitive stuff.
> 5. Flexible high-resolution graphic presentation.
> 6. Built in functions to include:
> FFT / fourier analysis, MESA / maximum entropy spectral analysis,
> multiple regression, canonical correlation etc etc etc.
> I have code for all these mostly in FORTRAN, some QBASIC.
>
> The applications of the package include:
> 1. Analysis of time series data from many branches of science.
> 2. Economic / business models including forecasting.
> 3. Markets, stocks, commodities forecasting.
> 4. Interdisciplinary causal analysis.
> 5. Many more
>
> If you are seriously interested in this, then please contact
> me by email at ray(at)tomes(dot)biz which is the email from
> which this message was sent without the ".remove" part (anti-
> spam measure).
>
> Ray Tomes
> http://ray.tomes.biz/
> http://www.cyclesresearchinstitute.org/
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>


From sjmaster at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 16:20:16 2006
From: sjmaster at gmail.com (Steve M)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 13:20:16 -0700
Subject: getaddrinfo not found on SCO OpenServer 5.0.5
In-Reply-To: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153487463.253416.30980@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153513216.593138.154410@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

In case you haven't heard Microsoft is suing SCO for stealing his
Internet concepts and letters and numbers, so you should probably just
ditch OpenServer and get Debian like all the smart people have done.

I guess the quality of SCO software has declined over the last forty or
fifty years and they had to have David Boies compile libsocket and that
is probably why this broken symbol problem is happenig.

I'm sorry if you cannot switch from the SCO platform, in which case
this message may not be very helpful. Have a nice day!



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Wed Jul 26 10:31:21 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 16:31:21 +0200
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

John Machin wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>thebjorn wrote:
>>
>>>For the purpose of finding someone's age I was looking for a way to
>>>find how the difference in years between two dates, so I could do
>>>something like:
>>>
>>>  age = (date.today() - born).year
>>>
>>>but that didn't work (the timedelta class doesn't have a year
>>>accessor).
>>>
>>>I looked in the docs and the cookbook, but I couldn't find anything, so
>>>I came up with:
>>>
>>>  def age(born):
>>>      now = date.today()
>>>      birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
>>>      return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)
>>>
>>>i.e. calculate the "raw" years first and subtract one if he hasn't had
>>>his birthday yet this year... It works, but I'd rather use a standard
>>>and generic approach if it exists...?
>>
>>You may want to have a look at mxDatetime, which has a RelativeDateTime
>>type that seems to do what you want:
>>http://www.egenix.com/files/python/mxDateTime.html
>>
> 
> 
> Which pieces of the following seem to be working to you?

John, it seems you failed to notice the use of "may" and "seems" in my
post. IIRC, both are supposed to strongly suggest a lack of certitude.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul 31 19:58:48 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 23:58:48 GMT
Subject: Decorator for use with cgilib
References: <%Lwzg.35491$Cn6.19340@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <YOwzg.35494$Cn6.12722@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote in message
news:%Lwzg.35491$Cn6.19340 at tornado.texas.rr.com...
> (if anyone still uses cgilib, in the presence of Django, TG, et al.)...
>
> I tried out a simple CGI Python script this week, and was a bit annoyed at
> the repetitive <HTML>,<HEAD>,<BODY>, etc. opening and closing tags for
each
> request handler method.  So I wrote a decorator to handle this junk.  It's
> posted on the Python wiki at
>
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-f0d46c66e0a2653daae3f451d32405a283d6759b.
>
> -- Paul
>
>
Duh, that is to say, "for use with the cgi module."  There is no cgilib.

-- Paul




From timothy at open-networks.net  Fri Jul 28 19:02:04 2006
From: timothy at open-networks.net (Timothy Smith)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 09:02:04 +1000
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
Message-ID: <44CA976C.40303@open-networks.net>

hello people.

i've been trying to send an 8 byte string to my parallel port under 
freebsd. the purpose is it to control a relay board.
the board simply responds to the output byte coming from the port. eg. 
00000001 will set pin 1 high and flick the relay open.
todate i've attempted this with merely open() on /dev/ppi0 and numpy for 
the byte array, but i just can't seem to get it working.
i know the parallel port works and i know the relay board works (tested 
it with it's own windows ultility) so it's just my crappy programming 
keeping me from success.


From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Wed Jul  5 08:32:19 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 22:32:19 +1000
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1hhylxu.6935f71wr58weN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.12.32.19.73755@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

On Tue, 04 Jul 2006 16:41:38 -0700, Alex Martelli wrote:

> As others already suggested, automating such decoration is pretty easy;
> you can do it with either a custom metaclass or a simple post-processing
> of your class in a loop.  Untested details below, but the general idea
> would be something like:

That's great, thanks. You've given me an angle of attack to take and see
where it leads.


-- 
Steven.



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 18 03:33:07 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 07:33:07 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2bqrov3ks.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrnebp3lj.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-17, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>
>>AP> On 2006-07-14, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>
>>>> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
>>>> say.
>
>>AP> If it is so clear, why don't you explain it? 
>
> I have done that in another thread.

Before I respond I would like you to be more specific
about where you gave that explanation. The subject
of the thread would be fine or a message-id perhaps.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From mrmakent at cox.net  Tue Jul  4 10:17:23 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:17:23 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152022643.097230.233260@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Roman wrote:
> I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> the following snipet:
>
> When I run I get no result
>
> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     for col in line:
>        p[:0].append(str(col))
>     cnt = cnt + 1
>
> print p

I'm having trouble deciding what you *intend* this program to do.  It
looks like you want to take the first 7 lines of the input file, and
append all the data elements in those lines into one long list.  If
that's what you want to do, then you are almost there, although you
could have written it better.  If that's NOT what you want to do...
well, there are tutorials.

The problem with this code is in the line 'p[:0].append(str(col)).
Given a list p, p[:0] will give you the part of p *prior* to element 0.
 Since there is never anything in a list prior to element 0, you will
always get an empty list back.

I assume this is not what you intended.  But just *what* do you intend?
 I sure can't say.



From walterbyrd at iname.com  Mon Jul 24 09:21:02 2006
From: walterbyrd at iname.com (walterbyrd)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 06:21:02 -0700
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.24.05.52.06.396361@gmx.net>
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.24.05.52.06.396361@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1153747262.261438.239650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks to all who replied.

As I mentioned, I am new to python. I will have to look some of this
stuff, but that is fine. I am trying to learn.

I am sorry I forgot to mention, the platform is windows-xp. I am doing
this for a client who has a small warehouse operation. Personally, I
usually use debian at home.

If it matters, the origianl file is coming from a portable scanner.
After it's uploaded to the PC, the file needs to be hand processed,
then loaded into an remote site with a mysql backend.

When new items are recieved, they are scanned into a portable device,
then transferred to a file on a PC. The python app will then process
that file to provide item counts so that the shipment can be easily
compared to the packing list (there has been a lot of trouble with
shipments not matching). Once the list is checked, the items will have
to placed into bins - this is why I need the file to be loaded into
excel. The corresponding bin numbers will have to entered into that
spreadsheet, then saved to a cvs, then the cvs will be processed into
the online database.



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 11:53:30 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 08:53:30 -0700
Subject: PIL - Transparency Nightmares
In-Reply-To: <1152545217.095160.254910@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152545217.095160.254910@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152546810.279070.119620@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I RTFM harder, and found that paste with an image mask (using the
watermark as the mask) does the trick.



From guthrie at mum.edu  Fri Jul 21 14:08:05 2006
From: guthrie at mum.edu (guthrie)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 13:08:05 -0500
Subject: Language Design: list_for scope?
In-Reply-To: <44C108B2.90905@websafe.com>
References: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<44C108B2.90905@websafe.com>
Message-ID: <1153504727_78675@sp6iad.superfeed.net>



Larry Bates wrote:

> First things first:
> 
> Don't name a variable "dict" because if you do it shadows
> the built in dict function (same goes for list, str, ...).
> This WILL bite you later, so start now by not naming
> variables by any built in names.
-- Thanks, got it!
> 
> Now to your question:
> 
> for x in <something>: requires <something> be an iterable
> (e.g. list, tuple, iterable class instance, etc) so there
> is something that it can loop over one object at at time.
> 
> 
>>for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
> 
> 
> needs to be written (if I'm understanding what you are
> doing) as:
> 
> for x in [x for x in d if d[x]=="thing"]:
-- Ywes, I understand the syntax, but think it is repetitive and cumbersome.

Just note the "for x in x for x in ..."
   no new semantics of the desired iteration set given, all redundant 
syntax.

I still wonder why one cannot qualify a for list iteration object with 
an list_if

Greg


>>For example;
>>Instead of;
>>     for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
>>in this:
>>     for x in dict and dict[x]=="thing":
>>x is undefined.
>>
>>And why doesn't this work:
>>    for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing":
>>
>>Any insights/hints on why it is broken?
>>
>>Thanks,
>>Gregory
>>----------------------------------------
>>http://docs.python.org/ref/grammar.txt:
>>list_for ::=
>>             "for" expression_list "in" testlist
>>              [list_iter]
>>testlist ::=
>>             test ( "," test )* [ "," ]
>>list_iter ::=
>>             list_for | list_if
>>list_if ::=
>>             "if" test [list_iter]
>>
>>
>>----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet
>>News==----
>>http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+
>>Newsgroups
>>----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet News==----
http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+ Newsgroups
----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul  4 12:08:32 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 18:08:32 +0200
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
In-Reply-To: <07dd01c69f83$15f04d80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <pan.2006.07.04.15.44.44.391832@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<07dd01c69f83$15f04d80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <e8e3ps$5aa$2@sea.gmane.org>

bruce wrote:

> i've done the s.replace('\xa0','') with no luck.

let me guess: you wrote

     s.replace("\xa0", "")

instead of

     s = s.replace("\xa0", "")

?

</F>



From yichao.zhang at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 00:23:09 2006
From: yichao.zhang at gmail.com (yichao.zhang)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 21:23:09 -0700
Subject: how to match u'\uff00' - u'\uff0f' in re module?
In-Reply-To: <44b31a21@news.eftel.com>
References: <1152585144.886515.235100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44b31a21@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1152591788.962437.299400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

MacDonald
Thanks!

John
Now I know how silly a question that is !
However I'll be not so silly thanks to your help !
I'll follow your suggestions! That's very nice.



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 19:25:47 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 16:25:47 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bd64ed$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf890$0$23096$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<e9j4e1$or5$1@lnews.rz.hu-berlin.de>
	<44bd64ed$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153265147.672147.321580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> "Irrelevant" may not be the best expression of my thought here - it's
> just that Carl's assertion is kind of a tautology and doesn't add
> anything to the discussion. If Python had been designed as statically
> typed (with declarative typing), the rules would be different. Yeah,
> great. And now ?

I was answering someone who said you should use "if lst" because PEP 8
says to.  I proposed that the PEP might be outdated here, and gave
reasons why I think it would be different if it were written today.  (I
also, regrettably, implied the language might have been designed
differently.)  This all might be irrelevant to you, but it's relevant
to the original question of whether that clause of PEP 8 is outdated.
I think it is.

BTW, I'm still waiting for anyone to come up with a real benefit of the
"if lst" test.  I have yet to see a good reason than non-answer
cop-outs "it's Pythonic", "it's stood the test of time", and "it's in
PEP 8".  "It's standard idiom" is about the best I've seen, and that's
pretty weak.  "Saving a few keystrokes" is, as always, not a good
reason.


Carl Banks



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 20:46:05 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 17:46:05 -0700
Subject: MySql
In-Reply-To: <1154007899.715720.30440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4irj3dF56enmU1@news.dfncis.de>
	<1153997300.286168.186800@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153999602.669156.89690@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154007899.715720.30440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154047565.074043.293430@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:

>
> Thanks for the thumping, will try harder next time.
> _________________________________________________
>
>  Thanks for commit comment i think that whats i need.
> _________________________________________________
>
> I think you should support people rather than pay them out despite
> thier Ignorance.

There are (at least) 3 possible responses to people who have not read
the docs and/or who say their code "doesn't work" without providing
any/enough details:

(1) No response: Ignore them, and hope evolution works -- that ain't
support
(2) Spoon-feed them -- that's support of the "life-support machine"
type
(3) Attempt to tell them how to lift their game ...



From danielwong at berkeley.edu  Wed Jul 19 21:54:33 2006
From: danielwong at berkeley.edu (danielx)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 18:54:33 -0700
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <44bc8e58$0$3676$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc8e58$0$3676$4d3efbfe@news.sover.net>
Message-ID: <1153360473.837312.32600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Leif K-Brooks wrote:
> danielx wrote:
> > This is still a little bit of magic, which gets me thinking again about
> > the stuff I self-censored. Since the dot syntax does something special
> > and unexpected in my case, why not use some more dot-magic to implement
> > privates? Privates don't have to be entirely absent from Klass.__dict__
> > (which would make Python not introspective); they can just be invisible
> > when using the dot-syntax.
>
> You can do this now, kind of:
>
>  >>> class Foo(object):
> ...  x = property()
> ...  def doStuffWithX(self):
> ...   self.__dict__['x'] = 123
> ...   print self.__dict__['x']
> ...
>  >>> bar = Foo()
>  >>> bar.doStuffWithX()
> 123
>  >>> bar.x
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> AttributeError: unreadable attribute
>
> If you're proposing that self.x and bar.x should give different results,
> then that's quite a bit more magic than property() and methods use. They

Yes, I had not considered that very carefully...

> both use the descriptor API; for more information on that, read
> <http://python.org/download/releases/2.2.3/descrintro/>.

Let me finish reading that before I get back to your point.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 04:42:36 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 10:42:36 +0200
Subject: Partial classes
In-Reply-To: <44bf1983$0$26259$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153319960.706566.17650@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf1983$0$26259$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <44bf41fd$0$18293$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Stefan Behnel wrote:
> Kay Schluehr wrote:
> 
>>What about letting your teammates editing certain data-structures in
>>different files ( physical modules ) but using them in a uniform way
>>and enable a single access point. If you have partial classes there is
>>no reason why your team has to share a large file where they have to
>>edit a single class but break the class into different parts and edit
>>the parts separately. No one has to care for including any module
>>because the CLR fits all partial classes together at compile time.
> 
> 
> I can't believe I always used version control systems for that use case if
> it's that easily solved with partial classes.

Collaborative work is only one of the needs solved by VCS.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 14:13:56 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:13:56 -0700
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

horizon5 wrote:
> Hi,
>
> my collegues and I recently held a coding style review.
> All of the code we produced is used in house on a commerical project.
> One of the minor issues I raised was the common idiom of specifing:
>
> <pre>
> if len(x) > 0:
>     do_something()
> </pre>
> Instead of using the language-defined bahviour, as stated by PEP8:
>
> <pre>
>     - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>       sequences are false.
>
>       Yes: if not seq:
>            if seq:
>
>       No: if len(seq)
>           if not len(seq)
> </pre>
>
> Without wishing to start a flame war, what are other's opinions on
> this, is using "len" safer? If so why?
>
> Arguments that have been presented for using <code>len(x) > 0</code> to
> test emptiness of a container include:
>   - It's safer
>   - Not relying on weird behaviour of the language
>   - Explicit is better than implicit (as stated by 'this' module, Zen
> of Python)
>
> My own feeling is that I am willing to work with the behaviours defined
> by Python, and treat the use of len in these cases as excessive
> duplication (this is however, quite a minor point i agree).
>
> Note that I have much more experience with the language (6-7 years),
> whilst the majority of my collegues have about 1-2 years experience.

I've been programming in python for years and I've always used this
form

if not seq:
if seq:

rather than the other and never had any problems.

Anyone presenting arguments in favor of the len() form is IMHO, not
"getting it".  AFAIK, python is not "smart" enough to optimize away the
(totally unnecessary) call to len(), so the programmer should do it for
herself.

The "pythonic" form is safe, not weird, and just as explicit.

There's no more point to using the len() form than there is to saying
"seq[len(seq)-1]" rather than just "seq[-1]"  to get the last item of a
sequence.

My $0.02

Peace,
~Simon



From cjw at sympatico.ca  Mon Jul 24 06:58:20 2006
From: cjw at sympatico.ca (Colin J. Williams)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 06:58:20 -0400
Subject: Converting a web to pdf or =?UTF-8?B?Li7igI0=?=
In-Reply-To: <1153313239.209198.104070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153313239.209198.104070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea33aq$h85$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bayazee wrote:
> Hi ,
> I have a web site and i want to write a perogram with python that my
> users can convert custom web page of site to pdf (or other type :jpeg,
> doc,odt,or...) and download it . i dont want only convert text . it is
> be very good to i can don it for both text and images ... similar to
> web page ... can i do it with  ReportLab ??
> 
> -----------------------------------------------
> Iranian Python Community --> www.python.ir
> 
You might consider using OpenOffice and talking to it through PyUno.

Colin W.



From luismgz at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 19:41:36 2006
From: luismgz at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?Luis_M._Gonz=E1lez?=)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 16:41:36 -0700
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
In-Reply-To: <1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


nate wrote:
> try this:
>
> gname = 'nate'
> def test():
>    gname = 'amy'
>    print gname
>
> test()
> print gname
>
> outputs:
> 'amy'
> 'nate'
>
> whereas this:
> gname = 'nate'
> def test():
>    global gname
>    gname = 'amy'
>    print gname
>
> test()
> print gname
>
> outputs:
> 'amy'
> 'amy'

OK, so I should include the global only if I plan to modify it.
Otherwise, I don't need to include it. Am I right?



From jfunk at funktronics.ca  Fri Jul 21 10:47:43 2006
From: jfunk at funktronics.ca (James Oakley)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 11:47:43 -0300
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153490233.770813.63220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8396.1153489588.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153490233.770813.63220@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607211147.43275.jfunk@funktronics.ca>

On Friday 21 July 2006 10:57 am, abcd wrote:
> yea i saw that....guess I was trusting that my regex was accurate :)
> ...b/c i was getting a Matcher when I shouldnt have, but i found that
> it must be the regex.

http://kodos.sourceforge.net/

Makes regex generation and debugging much easier.

-- 
James Oakley
jfunk at funktronics.ca


From __peter__ at web.de  Tue Jul 18 02:28:19 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:28:19 +0200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9hv1i$1qr$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Carl Banks wrote:

> ????def?process_values(lst):
> ????????if?not?lst:
> ????????????return
> ????????do_expensive_initialization_step()
> ????????for?item?in?lst:
> ????????????do_something_with(item)
> ????????do_expensive_finalization_step()

> What if you called the function like this:
> 
> ????process_values(x.strip()?for?x?in?values_lst)
> 
> Oops, now we've just gone through an expensive initialization and
> finalization for nothing (since values_lst was empty).??Maybe?some
> subtle bugs introduced.??If?we're?lucky,?the?finalization?step?will
> throw an exception.

The good news is that the above has a 99 percent chance that it just works
with iterators/generators -- even though the writer may not have been aware
of them/they didn't exist when the code was written...

Peter


From grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au  Fri Jul 28 11:11:41 2006
From: grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au (Graham Feeley)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 01:11:41 +1000
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>

Thanks Nick for the reply
Of course my first post was a general posting to see if someone would be 
able to help
here is the website which holds the data I require
http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo

The fields required are as follows
 NSW Tab
#      Win      Place
 2    $4.60   $2.40
 5                $2.70
 1                $1.30
 Quin    $23.00
 Tri  $120.70
Field names are
Date   ( not important )
Track................= Bendigo
RaceNo............on web page
Res1st...............2
Res2nd..............5
Res3rd..............1
Div1..................$4.60
DivPlc...............$2.40
Div2..................$2.70
Div3..................$1.30
DivQuin.............$23.00
DivTrif...............$120.70
As you can see there are a total of 6 meetings involved and I would need to 
put in this parameter ( =bdgo) or (=gosf) these are the meeting tracks

Hope this more enlightening
Regards
graham

"Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au> wrote in message 
news:44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87 at news.optusnet.com.au...
> Hi this is a plea for some help.
> I am enjoying a script that was written for me and its purpose is to 
> collect data from a web site and puts it into a access database table.
> It works fine, however it is a sports info table but now I need to collect 
> the results of those races.
>
> I simply can't keep up putting the results in manually.
> I dont care if it is a access table or a text file ( whichever is easiest)
> there are only 12 fields to extract
> The person who wrote the script is not available as he is engrossed in 
> another project which is talking all his time.
> I hope someone has a little time on his hands willing to help me
> Regards
> Graham
>
>
> 




From sschwarzer at sschwarzer.net  Sat Jul  1 05:42:43 2006
From: sschwarzer at sschwarzer.net (Stefan Schwarzer)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 11:42:43 +0200
Subject: Replace Whole Object Through Object Method
In-Reply-To: <44a0ec9c$0$20889$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1151337453.804750.293180@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44a041a6$0$17612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1151354259.082966.25820@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7478.1151370084.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44a0ec9c$0$20889$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44A64393.8000306@sschwarzer.net>

Hi Bruno :)

On 2006-06-27 10:30, Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> FWIW, a good part of the canonical design patterns are mostly workaround
> the lack of flexibility in languages like C++ and Java.

May be, but that doesn't exclude that some patterns are also
useful in Python. :-)

> The Strategy
> pattern's simplest Python implementation is to dynamically replace a
> method on a per-object basis. The State pattern's simplest
> implementation in Python is to dynamically change the class of an object.

It may be the "simplest" but it might not be the most "natural"
in terms of the problem domain.

At the Informationsdienst Wissenschaft ( http://idw-online.de )
we had a similar design problem. There, a person can have many
roles, like subscriber, journalist, public info officer etc. We
found it most natural to implement this with the actor/role
pattern, as I V described it.

> Of course, one of the canonical solutions to the OP's problem is to use
> composition/delegation. But doing it the canonical way would imply
> creating instances of the role objects and passing them the instance as
> param so they can access it's attributes. It works, but it creates a
> cyclic dependancy between the object and it's roles, so you would have
> to use weakrefs.

You don't have to, unless both classes have a __del__ method and
the garbage collector thus can't decide which to collect/delete
first.

> Dynamically creating new classes with the appropriate
> bases and assigning them to the object's __class__ attribute is another
> way to achieve the same result, and it's perfectly legal.

It might be "legal" but it also may be confusing. I would use the
design that makes the software easiest to maintain in the long
run. (If you don't know what the long run is, consider the
"medium run" and refactor later. :) )

> Now I do agree that it can become tricky to manage correctly wrt/ mro
> rules !-)

See? ;-) Software shouldn't be tricky (or only as tricky as
necessary). I value clarity over cleverness.

Stefan


From aaa.Lurker at gmail.com  Sun Jul 23 19:08:04 2006
From: aaa.Lurker at gmail.com (Lurker)
Date: 23 Jul 2006 16:08:04 -0700
Subject: url encode latin-1 characters
Message-ID: <1153696084.457373.274220@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I want send latin-1 string to web server by url parameter

urllib.quote return just symbol code with preceeding percent for every
non-ascii character:
#>ustr = '?'
#>urllib.quote(ustr)
'%9A'

but this seems to be wrong because server response contains my
parameter and it differ from original (for example '?' became '[')



From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 17 16:01:15 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:01:15 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12bnqcjq3j5mu1d@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153164960.252709.46920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnqcjq3j5mu1d@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153166475.113733.59010@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

ok, yeah, thats in my book.
thanks, and no, it isn't enabled.
thanks again for everything
-sk


Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
> >> If the server _application_ crashes or exits, then the OS will
> >> close the socket and recv() will return "".  If somebody powers
> >> down the server without warning, or if the server OS crashes,
> >> or if the Ethernet cable between the Internet and the server is
> >> cut, then the socket will not be closed, and recv() will wait
> >> forever[1].
> >
> > Ok, yes all of the above is what i mean. Actually I am not too
> > concerned about a server os crash, or the cable being cut. But I have
> > had them close the connection on me, after which i just reconnect
> > (whenever i discover that its happened)
> >
> >>[1] Unless you've enabled the TCP Keepalive feature, in which
> >>    case the socket will timeout in a couple hours and recv()
> >>    will return "".
> >
> > if this is something that must be enabled, or is not enabled by
> > default, then it is not enabled.
>
> On all OSes with which I'm familiar it's disabled by default.
> You use a socket object's setsockopt method to enable it:
>
> s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_TCP,socket.SO_KEEPALIVE,True)
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Wow! Look!! A stray
>                                   at               meatball!! Let's interview
>                                visi.com            it!



From mystilleef at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 08:51:02 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 05:51:02 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
attribute and move on. Well, I'm glad python has properties. It's a
feature that should be advertised more, especially for large scale
python development.

Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
>
> > Hello,
> >
> > What is the Pythonic way of implementing getters and setters. I've
> > heard
> > people say the use of accessors is not Pythonic. But why? And what is
> > the alternative? I refrain from using them because they smell
> > "Javaish."
> > But now my code base is expanding and I'm beginning to appreciate the
> > wisdom behind them. I welcome example code and illustrations.
>
> Which wisdom do you mean? The wisdom that a language that has no property
> mechanism and thus can't intercept setting and getting of instance members
> needs a bulky convention called JAVA Beans, so that _all_ uses of
> properties are tunneled through some code, even if only a few percent of
> these actually need that?
>
> Or the wisdom that strangling developers by putting access modifiers with
> approx. a dozen different rules in place is an annoyance to adult
> developers to say the least?
>
> These are the reasons they are not pythonic. We can intercept property
> access (see the property descriptor, http://pyref.infogami.com/property),
> and we trust in developers being able to judge form themselves if messing
> with internals of code is a good idea or not.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Diez



From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 00:18:05 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 21:18:05 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
Message-ID: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>

Let's say I have a function that takes a callback function as a 
parameter, and uses it to describe an iteration:

def func(callback):
     for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
         callback(i)

For the sake of argument, assume the iteration is something more 
interesting than this which relies on the callback mechanism. The 
function is an existing interface, and I cannot change it.

I want to somehow, in some way, provide an iteration interface to this 
function. Thoughts?

-Kirk McDonald


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 14:33:49 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 11:33:49 -0700
Subject: Non-ASCII languages
In-Reply-To: <slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
References: <mailman.7439.1151312885.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151314163.701348.195370@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<1151314474.696043.201250@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7441.1151315270.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnea8e2e.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
	<mailman.7630.1151615994.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneachsh.2t1.grahn+nntp@frailea.sa.invalid>
Message-ID: <44a6bacf$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Jorgen Grahn wrote:
> On Thu, 29 Jun 2006 23:19:34 +0200, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
>> Jorgen Grahn wrote:
> ...
>>> (I like well-typeset code in print though....
> Possibly true, and definitely for Knuth.  But WYSIWYG was unknown at the
> time; these people all programmed using fixed-width fonts, on teletypes or
> character-mapped terminals. Hell, even full-screen editors were new and
> controversial until the late 1970s!
Sorry, I'm old enough to have a few problems with this.  WYSIWIG was
indeed well known at the time, and disparaged as WYSIAYG around where I
worked (What You See Is All You Get).  We had full screen editors, with
proportional fonts; SAIL (Stanford AI Lab) had the first laser printer
to play with (people wrote incredibly ugly documents with tons of fonts
in them because it was the first they could spec it).  All of this was
in the mid seventies or earlier.

--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Sun Jul 30 20:58:50 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 17:58:50 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154301911.467149.179590@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<Vxbzg.1580$W93.1160@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154307530.667971.185280@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> >
> > Philippe Martin wrote:
> >> Philippe Martin wrote:
> >>
> >> > Hi,
> >> >
> >> > I'm looking for an algo that would convert a list such as:
> >> >
> >> > I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
> >> > embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
> >> > python library.
> >> >
> >> > l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> >> > l2 = func (l1)
> >> > # l2 = [0x1, 0x2, 0xD, 0x6, 0x8, 0x7] #represents 0x12D687
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > Regards,
> >> >
> >> > Philippe
> >>
> >> Thanks to all,
> >>
> >> I decided to attack the problem another way and change the code in device
> >> #2 so it can now take the output from device #1.
> >>
> >> As device #2 only needs to compare, add, and subtract the stuff .. it
> >> makes my life much simpler.
> >>
> >
> > I'm confused.
> > 1. Was the original device #1 or #2?
> > 2. How many bits does the non-original device's C compiler support?
> > 3. If the original device is device #1, please explain where *it*
> > obtained an 8-digit decimal number expressed as 1 digit per byte (or
> > int) ...
>
>
> Well I don't want to bore you guys more than needed ;-) but:
>
> Device #1 has an 8 bit processor - uses a C cross-compiler that does not
> know anything above a 16 bit integer. I use this device to get information
> from users "1234...".
>
> Device #2 has an 8 bit processor - uses a subset of Java ... that does not
> know anything above a 16 bit integer.
>
>
> The information gathered in device number #1 must then be sent to device #2
> (after being encrypted .... ) to be compared, subtracted or added.
>
> The code I already have in device #2 makes the assumption that the
> information received is an array of bytes of length N which represents an
> actual value. ex: 0x67DF5 ==> [0x6, 0x7, 0xD, 0xF, 0x5] ... so it can
> compare/add/subtract values ... and do its job.
>
> As a python fan, I figured (back to my initial not very clear request), that
> I could prototype the above without making any major assumption as to the
> capabilities of the interpreter.
>
>
> I still believe that to be true.
>

Try this:
C:\junk>type bcd.py
def reconstitute_int(alist):
    reghi, reglo = 0, 0
    for digit in alist:
        assert 0 <= digit <= 9
        reghi, reglo = mul32by10(reghi, reglo)
        reghi, reglo = add32(reghi, reglo, 0, digit)
    return reghi, reglo

def uadd16(a, b):
    return (a + b) & 0xFFFF

def shr32by4(hi, lo):
    newhi = (hi >> 4) & 0xFFFF
    newlo = ((lo >> 4) | ((hi & 0xF) << 12)) & 0xFFFF

    return newhi, newlo

def add32(hia, loa, hib, lob):
    lox = uadd16(loa, lob)
    hix = uadd16(hia, hib)
    inx = ((lox & 0x8000) >> 13) + ((lob & 0x8000) >> 14) + ((loa &
0x8000) >> 1
5)
    carry = [0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1][inx]
    # The above is admittedly ugly but sheesh I haven't even had my
    # second cup of coffee yet today :-)
    # Anybody who's good at solving equations in Boolean algebra,
    # pls beautify this!!
    if carry:
        hix = uadd16(hix, 1)
    expected = (hia+hib)*65536 + loa + lob
    actual = hix*65536 + lox
    if actual != expected:
        print (hia, loa), (hib, lob), (hix, lox), actual, expected,
inx, carry
    return hix, lox

def mul32by10(hi, lo):
    tmphi, tmplo = add32(hi, lo, hi, lo) # 2 times
    tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, tmphi, tmplo) # 4 times
    tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, hi, lo) # 5 times
    tmphi, tmplo = add32(tmphi, tmplo, tmphi, tmplo) # 10 times
    return tmphi, tmplo

def make_hex32(aninthi, anintlo):
    result = []
    while aninthi or anintlo:
        result.append(anintlo & 0xF)
        aninthi, anintlo = shr32by4(aninthi, anintlo)
    return result

def reverse_list(alist):
    n = len(alist)
    for i in xrange(n >> 1):
        reg1 = alist[n - 1 - i]
        reg2 = alist[i]
        alist[i] = reg1
        alist[n - 1 - i] = reg2


C:\junk>python
Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import bcd
>>> num = bcd.reconstitute_int([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
>>> num
(188, 24910)
>>> num[0]*65536 + num[1]
12345678
>>> result = bcd.make_hex32(*num)
>>> result
[14, 4, 1, 6, 12, 11]
>>> bcd.reverse_list(result)
>>> result
[11, 12, 6, 1, 4, 14]
>>> ['0x%x' % digit for digit in result]
['0xb', '0xc', '0x6', '0x1', '0x4', '0xe']
>>> ^Z



From circa4780 at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 11 16:09:39 2006
From: circa4780 at hotmail.com (Circa)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 13:09:39 -0700
Subject: Validating Python - need doctype HTML strict
In-Reply-To: <1152528263.100531.299890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152486933.692370.29190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1152528263.100531.299890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152648579.868839.254300@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Ben,

As you can see it's my first try at Python...or any programming for
that matter.

I solved the problem of validation by adding three """ quotes after the
print command and before the body, as follows:

Thanks for clearing that up!

-----------------------

import time

#print HTTP/HTML header stuff
print """Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n\n

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">

<head>

<title>Current Time</title>

</head> <body>
"""

print

#print HTML body using Python-HTML hybrid script
print "<h1>Current Time</h1>"

print "<p>Right now, it is "

print "<strong>", time.asctime(), "</strong></p>"

print """<p>
    <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img
        src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml10"
        alt="Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict" height="31" width="88" /></a>
  </p>
"""

print "</body></html>"
Ben Sizer wrote:
> PapaRandy wrote:
>
> > When I add the doctype, and other necessities to the .py page
> >
> > (i.e., <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
> >         "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
> > <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"" xml:lang="en" lang="en">)
> >
> > I get an invalid script error.
>
> Bear in mind, that this isn't 'a webpage', it's a computer program that
> creates a webpage. So you're not 'adding a doctype', you're 'adding
> some code to output a doctype', and similarly it's not Python you're
> validating, it's the output it creates that you validate. These are
> important distinctions.
>
> Anyway, what is the exact line of code you use to 'add the doctype'?
> And what is this 'invalid script error'? It's hard to debug your code
> when we have to guess what it is! However, because I'm in a good mood,
> I'll have a go.
>
> You probably need to escape the double quotes in the doctype because
> they unintentionally correspond with the double quotes in your print
> statement. The print statement uses double quotes to delimit the
> output, and the doctype uses them to delimit the type. Unfortunately
> the print statement probably interprets the start of the doctype's type
> field as the end of the print statement. Add a backslash before each
> double quote within your doctype and see how that goes. Alternatively
> you could possibly use single quotes in it instead.
> 
> -- 
> Ben Sizer



From stuart at bmsi.com  Mon Jul 24 23:51:51 2006
From: stuart at bmsi.com (Stuart D. Gathman)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 23:51:51 -0400
Subject: Help beautify ugly heuristic code
References: <pan.2004.12.08.21.09.42.975224.8209@bmsi.com>	<1102549155.906653.144870@z14g2000cwz.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2004.12.09.00.11.23.622832.9548@bmsi.com>	<1102553572.972636.252330@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<pan.2004.12.09.01.27.18.436445.9548@bmsi.com>	<1102579296.430683.186630@f14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2004.12.10.15.33.00.250312@bmsi.com>

On Thu, 09 Dec 2004 00:01:36 -0800, Lonnie Princehouse wrote:
 
> I believe you can still do this with only compiling a regex once and
> then performing a few substitutions on the hostname.

That is a interesting idea.  Convert ip matches to fixed patterns, and
*then* match the regex.  I think I would convert hex matches to the same
pattern as decimal (and roman numeral).  How would you handle zero fill?

1.2.3.4	001002003004foo.isp.com

An idea I had last night is to precompile 254 regexes - one for each of
the possible last ip bytes.  However, your idea is cleaner - except, how
would it handle ip bytes that are the same: 1.2.2.2

Mitja has proposed a scoring system reminiscent of SpamAssassin.

This gives me a few things to try.

-- 
	      Stuart D. Gathman <stuart at bmsi.com>
Business Management Systems Inc.  Phone: 703 591-0911 Fax: 703 591-6154
"Confutatis maledictis, flamis acribus addictis" - background song for
a Microsoft sponsored "Where do you want to go from here?" commercial.



From roy at panix.com  Wed Jul 26 09:35:39 2006
From: roy at panix.com (Roy Smith)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:35:39 -0400
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <roy-5F2CB3.09353926072006@reader2.panix.com>

"thebjorn" <bp.datakortet.no at gmail.com> wrote:

>   def age(born):
>       now = date.today()
>       birthday = date(now.year, born.month, born.day)
>       return now.year - born.year - (birthday > now and 1 or 0)

I don't get that last line.  There's two things in particular that are 
puzzling me.

1) What does "birthday > now" mean?  It sounds like you haven't been born 
yet.

2) I find the "and 1 or 0" part very confusing.  I can't remember all the 
minor rules about operator precedence, but I'm sure this works out to some 
clever hack involving boolean short-circuit evaluation to get around the 
lack of a ternary operator in python.  If I need to pull out the reference 
manual to decipher what an expression means, it's too complicated.  Try 
something like:

if birthday > now:
   return now.year - born.year - 1
else:
   return now.year - born.year

It takes up a little more space, but it's bog easy to understand without 
scratching your head or diving into the manual to refresh your memory of 
obscure language details.


From darkbard at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 04:25:27 2006
From: darkbard at gmail.com (Gabriele *darkbard* Farina)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 01:25:27 -0700
Subject: restricted environment
In-Reply-To: <7xu05dayj8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1153350361.200346.193090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xslkxmavx.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153352773.212473.22590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<7xu05dayj8.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153383927.545409.136070@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Gabriele *darkbard* Farina" <darkbard at gmail.com> writes:
> > Using a separate interpreter could be a solution, but restarting any
> > time the interpreter give me too much overhead and the application will
> > work as slow as a CGI app even if it runs using FastCGI.
>
> How many users are you talking about?  Can you have a separate FastCGI
> server for each one, running continuously?

I could be the last solution, but I'd like to understand if a can use
only one FastCGI server to handle all the scripts that need to run.
This is just to speed up a bit the system, making it possible to share
resources among applications.



From shane.external at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 10:15:06 2006
From: shane.external at gmail.com (shane.external at gmail.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 07:15:06 -0700
Subject: Py2exe & (Py)QT4
Message-ID: <1153404906.179426.69690@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I'm having trouble using Py2exe with a PyQT-based python project. Or
possibly I'm having a problem with PyQT and Py2exe makes it apparent.
Whichever it is, I run into trouble with importing QtCore and QtGui.
The error reported is:

 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "xmlEdit.py", line 3, in ?
   File "PyQt4\QtCore.pyc", line 12, in ?
   File "PyQt4\QtCore.pyc", line 10, in __load
 ImportError: DLL load failed: Invalid access to memory location.

Line 10 is the import of QtCore.pyd, which is  included in the dist
folder. Curiously, this is the same error I get when I input "from
PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui" into IDLE, so I'm not even sure it's a
Py2exe issue. I'm not quite sure what the error means, only that it
isn't that the file is not found (a Module Not Found error occurs if I
remove QtCore.pyd).

It run just fine from the command line. Can anyone shed some light on
this? QT version is 4.1.3. Python is 2.4.3 and PyQT is 4.0.1.



From vbgunz at gmail.com  Sat Jul 15 15:42:46 2006
From: vbgunz at gmail.com (vbgunz)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 12:42:46 -0700
Subject: InteractiveConsole History on Linux
In-Reply-To: <1152992440.747421.321920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <YK_tg.29$ZX6.20@trndny04>
	<1152992440.747421.321920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152992566.154098.140990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


vbgunz wrote:
> > Why does code.InteractiveConsole support command history on Windows, but
> > not in a Gnome terminal (all I get is ^[[A^[[B)? Or does it not support
> > history at all, and the Windows console is implementing it's own? Is
> > there any way to get command history working with InteractiveConsole on
> > Linux?
>
> The only time I see [A[B on Linux in a console is when I am not logged
> in. Check to see if you're logged in and then try again. AFAIK, Linux
> does support console history. I hope this helps :)

Sorry, I missed "code.InteractiveConsole" *but* maybe being logged in
has something to do with it?



From gg at fauskes.net  Fri Jul 28 07:00:58 2006
From: gg at fauskes.net (Kjell Magne Fauske)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 04:00:58 -0700
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1154084458.271741.315040@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Django(http://www.djangoproject.com/) is a nice Python based framework
for writing web applications. It comes bundled with a simple web server
that is usefull for local developing. A desciption on how to install
Django on windows can be found at
http://effbot.org/zone/django.htm#installing


- Kjell Magne


Vincent Delporte wrote:
> Hello
>
> I'm thinking of using Python to build the prototype for a business web
> appplication. The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate
> deployment will be on a shared Unix web host.
>
> What would you recommend I get, besides the Python engine itself? Good
> IDE (Kodomo?) ? Some kind of GUI designer? Add-on's? Other tools?
> 
> Thank you.



From exarkun at divmod.com  Mon Jul 10 08:36:23 2006
From: exarkun at divmod.com (Jean-Paul Calderone)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 08:36:23 -0400
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
Message-ID: <20060710123623.29014.2086708202.divmod.quotient.30155@ohm>

On Mon, 10 Jul 2006 11:29:37 +0000, sreekant <skodela at lithium.com> wrote:
>Hi folks
>
>What am I doing wrong in the following? I just want to run fluidsynth in
>the background.
>#########################################
>class MyThread(threading.Thread):
>     def __init__(self, cmd, callback):
>         self.__cmd = cmd
>         self.__callback = callback
>         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
>
>     def run(self):
>         os.system(self.__cmd)
>         self.__callback('abcd')
>         return
>
>
>cmd=midiplay+' '+fmidi
>xc=MyThread(cmd,addlog)
>xc.start()
>

You don't need threads to run another process "in the background".  For example, here's how you would do it with Twisted:

from twisted.internet import gtk2reactor
gtk2reactor.install()

from twisted.internet import reactor

def main():
    reactor.spawnProcess(
        None,
        '/usr/bin/fluidsynth',
        ['fluidsynth', '-ni', '/home/mysndfont.sf2', 'mymidi.mid'])
    reactor.run()

Your Gtk app won't block and you won't have to worry about the 
threading/forking/signal interaction that is messing you up now.

Jean-Paul


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 06:51:56 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 03:51:56 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed !!! Browsing and Selecting More Than One File(Problem
	Solved)
Message-ID: <20060710105156.81296.qmail@web53112.mail.yahoo.com>

Special Thanks to Diez B. Roggisch and Eric Brunel.

Last week on Friday I solved the problems I
encountered thanks to your helpful indications. 

I think I covered all the ambiguity in my code. Here's
the code:

# executing CCCC with Python

from Tkinter import *
from tkFileDialog import *
import tkMessageBox
import os

# Creating App Class
class App:
    
    b_file = ""

    # Function to browse files, the files selected
will be the items of 
a tuple
    # This tuple is assigned to the instance of App
class
    # browseFile Function is triggered by a label in
Menu
    def browseFile(self):
        App.b_file
        App.b_file = askopenfilename(filetypes = [("C
Source Code", 
"*.c"), ("C Header Files", "*.h"), ("All Files",
"*.*")], multiple=1)
           
    # Function to Run CCCC Code Analyzer
    def runCCCC(self, event):

        # Controls if a file is browsed and selected
        # If a selection is done the code continues
from here
        if App.b_file != "":
            cmd_tup = ""            
            for i in range(len(App.b_file)):    
                cmd_tup += App.b_file[i]+' '    # The
type of the a 
tuple's items are all strings, here parameter for CCCC
are arranged
            cmd = 'cccc ' + cmd_tup            
#according to the 
#command prompt syntax, command is created    
            return os.system(cmd)               
# command is executed
        else:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window Text",
"Please Firstly Browse 
and Select A File")        
# if no file is selected a warning pop-ups
            
            
         
    def __init__(self, master):

        frame = Frame(master)
        frame.pack(fill="both")   
        
        self.menubar = Menu(master)
        self.menubar.add_command(label="Browse File", 
command=self.browseFile)
        master.config(menu=self.menubar)
        
        self.ccccRun = Button(frame, text="Run CCCC",
fg="red")
        self.ccccRun.bind("<Button-1>", self.runCCCC)
        self.ccccRun.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=20)

        self.close = Button(frame, text="QUIT",
fg="red", command=frame.quit)
        self.close.pack(side=LEFT, padx=10, pady=20)
        
     
root = Tk()
app=App(root)
root.mainloop()


__________________________________________________
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Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From sjdevnull at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 18:05:48 2006
From: sjdevnull at yahoo.com (sjdevnull at yahoo.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 15:05:48 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.27.23.16.56.585088@nospam.org>
Message-ID: <1154124348.634298.134720@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

mark wrote:
> On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:54:48 -0700, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> > Alright, based a on discussion on this mailing list, I've started to
> > wonder, why use threads vs processes.
>
> The debate should not be about "threads vs processes", it should be
> about "threads vs events".

Events serve a seperate problem space.

Use event-driven state machine models for efficient multiplexing and
fast network I/O (e.g. writing an efficient static HTTP server)

Use multi-execution models for efficient multiprocessing.  No matter
how scalable your event-driven app is it's not going to take advantage
of multi-CPU systems, or modern multi-core processors.

Event-driven state machines can be harder to program and maintain than
multi-process solutions, but they are usually easier than
multi-threaded solutions.

On-topic: If your problem is one where event-driven state machines are
a good solution, Python generators can be a _huge_ help.



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 14:59:25 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:59:25 -0700
Subject: running an app as user "foo"
References: <mailman.8742.1154366288.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154372365.453961.230940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> hi.
>
> within python, what's the best way to automatically spawn an app as a given
> user/group.
>
> i'm testing an app, and i'm going to need to assign the app to a given
> user/group, as well as assign it certain access rights/modes (rwx) i then
> want to copy the test app to a given dir, and then spawn a process to run
> the app..
>
> thanks

Look in the os module docs at the set*id() functions
http://docs.python.org/lib/os-procinfo.html

Then when you spawn the app using subprocess.Popen() you can pass a
function as the preexec_fn argument that changes the user and group ids
of the child "just before the child is executed"
http://docs.python.org/lib/node235.html



From russandheather at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:21:46 2006
From: russandheather at gmail.com (Russell Warren)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:21:46 -0700
Subject: Intermittent "permission denied" errors when using os.rename and a
	recently deleted path??
Message-ID: <1153948906.784395.298890@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I've been having a hard time tracking down a very intermittent problem
where I get a "permission denied" error when trying to rename a file to
something that has just been deleted (on win32).

The code snippet that gets repeatedly called is here:

  ...
  if os.path.exists(oldPath):
    os.remove(oldPath)
  os.rename(newPath, oldPath)
  ...

And I get the permission denied exception on the os.rename line.
Somehow the rename target is still locked?  I don't get it.

I found a post that seemed to refer to precisely this problem:
http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_frm/thread/496625ca3b0c3874/e5c19db11d8b6d4e?lnk=gst&q=os.remove+delay&rnum=1#e5c19db11d8b6d4e

However - this post describes a case where there are multiple threads
making use of other os calls.  I am running a single threaded
application and still getting this problem.  ie: the suggested fix does
not work for me.

I'm trying to see if implementing a "trap the exception and try again,
but not too many times" hack fix will do the trick, but I'm not a big
fan of this "solution", and at this point I'm not entirely certain it
will work because confirming that it *did* work is tough (it is very
difficult to repeatably create the problem).

Does anyone know of a real solution to this problem, or know what
exactly is happening so that I can work out a proper solution?

Thanks,
Russ



From steve at ferg.org  Wed Jul 12 08:38:04 2006
From: steve at ferg.org (Steve)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 05:38:04 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152707884.120186.240400@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I recommend "The Quick Python Book" by Harms and McDonald.  Its
strength is its brevity and *readability* -- you can actually just sit
down and read it and enjoy it.  It doesn't cover the newest features of
Python or the most advanced, but that is not necessary in a beginner's
book.

Once you're up to speed on Python, as a sysadmin you'll probably find
"Python Network Programming" useful.  It is not a beginner's book, but
it is addressed to the kind of issues that you'll probably want to be
using Python for.



From jemejones at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:23:51 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 08:23:51 -0700
Subject: Editing File
In-Reply-To: <1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152709712.270062.87780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152715228.526745.72840@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152716404.400678.297280@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152717831.125337.53640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


D wrote:
> Thanks, guys.  So overall, would it just be easier (and not too rigged)
> if any changes were made by just editing the text file?  I want to do

<snip>

> akameswaran at gmail.com wrote:

<snip>

> > Might be overkill - but pickle the  data memeber that contains the
> > information.  If you use text instead of binary pickling it should
> > still be editable by hand.  for a single line of text it may be a bit
> > much - but it's still probably quicker than opening a file, parsing
> > etc.

Look at pickle, but I'd recommend against it if you're anticipating
needing to edit the file by hand.  It's just a little on the ugly side.
 Glance at Yaml (I think it's the pyyaml project in the cheeseshop) as
well.  Here's the code needed to "parse" in a .yaml file:

config = yaml.load(open(self.config_file, "r"))

Here's the code needed to serialize it back in a pretty format:

yaml.dump(config, config_file_obj, default_flow_style=False)

And here's a piece of a .yaml file itself:

feeds:
  http://leo.am/podcasts/floss:
    name: FLOSS Weekly
    mode: dl
  http://revision3.com/diggnation/feed/high.mp3.xml:
    name: Revision3 - Diggnation w/Kevin Rose & Alex Albrecht
    mode: dl
  http://geekmuse.net/podcast/:
    name: Geek Muse
    mode: dl

http://www.itconversations.com/rss/category-rss.php?k=achange2005&e=1:
    name: Accelerating Change 2005
    mode: dl

Nice and clean.

- Jeremy M. Jones



From taleinat at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 05:02:43 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 02:02:43 -0700
Subject: IDLE built-in help in Linux vs Windows
In-Reply-To: <7xwtad4u7k.fsf_-_@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <7xwtad4u7k.fsf_-_@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153126962.970595.262740@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> In Windows if you click the Help dropdown, IDLE launches a help window
> as it should.  The help contents are included in the installation.
>
> In Linux, clicking Help launches a web browser, which is a perfectly
> good UI for viewing help.  However, instead of loading a static HTML
> file from the disk like the Windows version does, it visits the doc
> directory on python.org over the internet.
>
> Is there any reason for that?  It's noticably slower even over
> broadband, painful over dialup, and unusable if you're not connected
> to the net at all.

>From a brief look at the code...

On any platform, IDLE will open http://www.python.org/doc/current if it
can't find Python's help files locally.

IDLE searches for these local help files in several places, different
places per platform.

On linux, it first checks for the /var/www/html/python/ directory. If
that exists index.html is read from there, otherwise it tries
/usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.4.3/Doc/index.html (replace 2.4.3 with
your Python version). If neither exists, it will open the help fiel
from it's web location.

So I guess your installation simply didn't put the help files in either
of these places... If you find the docs on your computer, you could
either copy them to one of these locations, or edit
Lib\idlelib\EditorWindow.py to open it from wherever you find them.


According to the code, IDLE will ignore what seems to be the standard
location of these docs: os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'Doc', 'index.html')
I'm not too big on where Python's doc files are located on
installations on different platforms. Could somebody who knows explain?



From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 16:18:23 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:18:23 -0300
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
References: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com><e95834$o76$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8127.1152801715.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e95neq$j82$1@blackmamba.itd.rl.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <krpceku4el1v$.jcqqx5eepnlr.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-13 12:04:58, Richard Brodie wrote:

>>  s = "?"
>>  print s

>> Is there a standard way to do this?
> 
> Use Unicode strings, with an explicit encoding.  Say no to ISO-8859-1 centrism.
> See: http://www.amk.ca/python/howto/unicode particularly the
> "Unicode Literals in Python Source Code" section.

So ...

  # coding: utf-8
  s = u'?'
  print s

(Of course stored with an editor that writes the file in utf-8 encoding.)

Is this the proper way?

Will print take care of encoding translation according to the encoding used
in the target console?

Thanks,
Gerhard



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 15:23:36 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 12:23:36 -0700
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
In-Reply-To: <slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153164216.482933.188130@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Elmo M?ntynen enlightened us with:
> > Only locally. I want to be able to read/write to a single file from
> > multiple possibly parallel processes. Would 'touch lock' (or
> > something like that) work reliably (this just occured to me)?
>
> I use a lock directory for that, os.mkdir('/var/lock/somedir').
> If you use a file, you need two steps:
>     1) Check whether the lock-file exists
>     2) Create the lock-file
>
> This is not atomic. With a directory, creating it will fail if it
> already exists. This means you can atomically check for the lock, and
> if it doesn't exist already, you've immediately created it too.

`Pathutils <http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/pathutils.html>`_ has a
simple interface to a system like this.

Apparently not all platforms guarantee that attempts to create a
directory will fail if the directory already exists - so pathutils does
*slightly* more, but it's the same idea.

All the best,

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml


>
> Sybren
> --
> The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
> capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
> safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
>                                              Frank Zappa



From kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 13:36:44 2006
From: kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com (Kirk McDonald)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 10:36:44 -0700
Subject: Turning a callback function into a generator
In-Reply-To: <1hhw8ch.ah91wq1vg38nsN%aleax@mac.com>
References: <44a89559@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<ldo-6B5EE3.23182303072006@lust.ihug.co.nz>
	<1hhw8ch.ah91wq1vg38nsN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44a95087$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand> wrote:
> 
> 
>>In article <44a89559 at nntp0.pdx.net>,
>> Kirk McDonald <kirklin.mcdonald at gmail.com> wrote:
>>
>>
>>>I want to somehow, in some way, provide an iteration interface to this
>>>function. Thoughts?
>>
>>Run it in a separate thread/process?
> 
> 
> Sounds best to me.  Specifically, given (e.g.) something like the OP's
> 
> def func(callback):
>      for i in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
>          callback(i)
> 
> we might have a wrapper such as:
> 
> import thread
> import Queue
> 
> def wrap_cb_into_gen(func):
>     q = Queue.Queue(1)           # maximum size of 1
>     def callback(item):
>         q.put(item)
>     all_done_sentinel = object()
>     def thread_skeleton():
>         func(callback)
>         q.put(all_done_sentinel)
>     thread.start_new_thread(thread_skeleton, ())
>     while True:
>         item = q.get()
>         if item is all_done_sentinel: break
>         yield item
> 
> 
> Of course, there are lighter-weight options than a length-1 Queue for
> the purpose of synchronizing these two threads, but I always tend to
> prefer Queue (for its simplicity, generality, solidity) to other
> synchronization structures and architectures, unless there is some very
> strong reason to do otherwise in a specific case.  Also, I normally use
> module threading rather than the lower-level module thread -- here,
> clearly, either one will do just fine.
> 
> 
> Alex

Threads are probably a weak point of mine. I have little experience with 
them, and so I am inclined to paranoia while using them. What 
implications does this have for "func"? In my case, it is a function in 
an extension module. Does it have to be thread safe? If it isn't, what 
limitations does this impose on the use of this wrapper?

All that aside, I read the previous threads but it took until just now 
to understand how this works. :-) I'll probably have a go at 
implementing this in D, as that will be more convenient for the library...

-Kirk McDonald


From blazebresko at yahoo.com  Sat Jul 29 17:27:32 2006
From: blazebresko at yahoo.com (Blaze Bresko)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 14:27:32 -0700
Subject: Pygame Help
Message-ID: <1154208452.432901.180230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am trying to make a game using either livewires or pygame. The game
is tetris. Right now I have gotten the program to a point where
everything works (as in user input, score, lines, etc), except I can't
get more than one block to work. Right now I have the user playing a
game where a single block falls at a time instead of one of the seven
different patterns. I was curious how you would program the seperate
images to fall together and not break apart, because pygame and
livewires uses images as collision detection, so therefore you can't
make most of the shapes a single image because they will have
transparent spaces as part of the image, which will make floating
shapes and such.

--Thanks
--Andrew



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Sat Jul  1 19:45:45 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 17:45:45 -0600
Subject: python-dev Summary for 2006-05-16 through 2006-05-31
Message-ID: <d11dcfba0607011645j2c55ab57m9c5599faee6afc91@mail.gmail.com>

python-dev Summary for 2006-05-16 through 2006-05-31
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

.. contents::

[The HTML version of this Summary is available at
http://www.python.org/dev/summary/2006-05-16_2006-05-31]



=============
Announcements
=============

----------------------------
QOTF: Quote of the Fortnight
----------------------------

Martin v. L?wis on what kind of questions are appropriate for python-dev:

    ... [python-dev] is the list where you say "I want to help", not
so much "I need your help".

Contributing thread:

- `Segmentation fault of Python if build on Solaris 9 or 10 with Sun
Studio 11 <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065493.html>`__

-------------------
Python 2.5 schedule
-------------------

Python 2.5 is moving steadily towards its next release.  See `PEP
356`_ for more details and the full schedule.  You may start to see a
few warnings at import time if you've named non-package directories
with the same names as your modules/packages.  Python-dev suggests
renaming these directories -- though the warnings won't give you any
real trouble in Python 2.5, there's a chance that a future version of
Python will drop the need for __init__.py.

.. _PEP 356: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0356/

Contributing thread:

- `2.5 schedule
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065058.html>`__
- `warnings about missing __init__.py in toplevel directories
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065270.html>`__

------------------------------
Restructured library reference
------------------------------

Thanks to work by A.M. Kuchling and Michael Spencer, the organization
of the `development Library Reference documentation`_ structure is
much improved over the `old one`_.  Thanks for your hard work guys!

.. _development Library Reference documentation:
http://docs.python.org/dev/lib/lib.html
.. _old one: http://docs.python.org/lib/lib.html

Contributing thread:

- `[Python-3000] stdlib reorganization
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065441.html>`__

-----------------------------
Need for Speed Sprint results
-----------------------------

The results of the `Need for Speed Sprint`_ are all posted on the
wiki.  In particular, you should check a number of `successes`_ they
had in speeding up various parts of Python including function calls,
string and Unicode operations, and string<->integer conversions.

.. _Need for Speed Sprint: http://wiki.python.org/moin/NeedForSpeed/
.. _successes: http://wiki.python.org/moin/NeedForSpeed/Successes

Contributing threads:

- `[Python-checkins] r46043 - peps/trunk/pep-0356.txt
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065061.html>`__
- `Need for Speed Sprint status
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065279.html>`__

-------------------------
Python old-timer memories
-------------------------

Guido's been collecting `memories of old-timers`_ who have been using
Python for 10 years or more.  Be sure to check 'em out and add your
own!

.. _memories of old-timers:
http://www.artima.com/weblogs/viewpost.jsp?thread=161207

Contributing thread:

- `Looking for Memories of Python Old-Timers
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065121.html>`__


=========
Summaries
=========

-----------------------------
Struct module inconsistencies
-----------------------------

Changes to the struct module to do proper range checking resulted in a
few bugs showing up where the stdlib depended on the old, undocumented
behavior.  As a compromise, Bob Ippolito added code to do the proper
range checking and issue DeprecationWarnings, and then made sure that
the all struct results were calculated with appropriate bit masking.
The warnings are expected to become errors in Python 2.6 or 2.7.

Bob also updated the struct module to return ints instead of longs
whenever possible, even for the format codes that had previously
guaranteed longs (I, L, q and Q).

Contributing threads:

- `Returning int instead of long from struct when possible for
performance <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065199.html>`__
- `test_gzip/test_tarfile failure om AMD64
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065311.html>`__
- `Converting crc32 functions to use unsigned
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065430.html>`__
- `test_struct failure on 64 bit platforms
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065463.html>`__

---------------------------------
Using epoll for the select module
---------------------------------

Ross Cohen implemented a `drop-in replacement for select.poll`_ using
Linux's epoll (a more efficient io notifcation system than poll).  The
select interface is already much closer to the the epoll API than the
poll API, and people liked the idea of using epoll silently when
available. Ross promised to look into merging his code with the
current select module (though it wasn't clear whether or not he would
do this using ctypes isntead of an extension module as some people had
suggested).

.. _drop-in replacement for select.poll: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pyepoll

Contributing thread:

- `epoll implementation
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065277.html>`__

-----------------------
Negatives and sequences
-----------------------

Fredrik Lundh pointed out that using a negative sign and multiplying
by -1 do not always produce the same behavior, e.g.::

    >>> -1 * (1, 2, 3)
    ()
    >>> -(1, 2, 3)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    TypeError: bad operand type for unary -

Though no one seemed particularly concerned about the discrepancy, the
thread did spend some time discussing the behavior of sequences
multiplied by negatives.  A number of folks were pushing for this to
become an error until Uncle Timmy showed some use-cases like::

    # right-justify to 80 columns, padding with spaces
    s = " " * (80 - len(s)) + s

The rest of the thread turned into a (mostly humorous) competition for
the best way to incomprehensibly alter sequence multiplication
semantics.

Contributing thread:

- `A Horrible Inconsistency
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065176.html>`__

---------------------
Removing METH_OLDARGS
---------------------

Georg Brandl asked about removing METH_OLDARGS which has been
deprecated since 2.2.  Unfortunately, there are still a bunch of uses
of it in Modules, and it's still the default if no flag is specified.
Georg promised to work on removing the ones in Python core, and there
was some discussion of trying to mark the API as deprecated.  Issuing
a DeprecationWarning seemeed too heavy-handed, so Georg looked into
generating C compile time warnings by marking PyArg_Parse as
Py_DEPRECATED.

Contributing thread:

- `Remove METH_OLDARGS?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065306.html>`__

-------------------------------------
Propogating exceptions in dict lookup
-------------------------------------

Armin Rigo offered up `a patch to stop dict lookup from hiding
exceptions`_ in user-defined __eq__ methods.  The PyDict_GetItem() API
gives no way of propogating such an exception, so previously the
exceptions were just swallowed.  Armin moved the exception-swallowing
part out of lookdict() and into PyDict_GetItem() so that even though
PyDict_GetItem() will still swallow the exceptions, all other ways of
invoking dict lookup (e.g. ``value = d[key]`` in Python code) will now
propogate the exception properly.  Scott Dial brought up an odd corner
case where the old behavior would cause insertion of a value into the
dict because the exception was assumed to indicate a new key, but
people didn't seem to worried about breaking this behavior.

.. _a patch to stop dict lookup from hiding exceptions:
http://bugs.python.org/1497053

Contributing thread:

- `Let's stop eating exceptions in dict lookup
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065346.html>`__

------------------------------
String/unicode inconsistencies
------------------------------

After the Need for Speed Sprint unified some of the string and unicode
code, some tests started failing where string and unicode objects had
different behavior, e.g. ``'abc'.find('', 100)`` used to return -1 but
started returning 100.  There was some discussion about what was the
right behavior here and Fredrik Lundh promised to implement whatever
was decided.

Contributing thread:

- `replace on empty strings
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065153.html>`__
- `Let's stop eating exceptions in dict lookup
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065346.html>`__

-----------------------------------
Allowing inline "if" with for-loops
-----------------------------------

Heiko Wundram presented a brief PEP suggesting that if-statements in
the first line of a for-loop could be optionally inlined, so for
example instead of::

    for node in tree:
        if node.haschildren():
            <do something with node>

you could write::

    for node in tree if node.haschildren():
        <do something with node>

Most people seemed to feel that saving a colon character and a few
indents was not a huge gain.  Some also worried that this change would
encourage code that was harder to read, particularly if the for-clause
or if-clause got long.  Guido rejected it, and Heiko promised to
submit it as a full PEP so that the rejection would be properly
recorded.

Contributing thread:

- `PEP-xxx: Unification of for statement and list-comp syntax
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065088.html>`__

----------------------------------------------
Splitting strings with embedded quoted strings
----------------------------------------------

Dave Cinege proposed augmenting str.split to allow a non-split
delimiter to be specified so that splits would not happen within
particular substrings, e.g.::

    >>> 'Here is "a phrase that should not get split"'.split(None,-1,'"')
    ['Here', 'is', 'a phrase that should not get split']

Most people were opposed to complicating the API of str.split, but
even as a separate method, people didn't seem to think that the need
was that great, particularly since the most common needs for such
functionality were already covered by ``shlex.split()`` and the csv
module.

Contributing thread:

- `New string method - splitquoted
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065037.html>`__

----------------------------------------
Deadlocks with fork() and multithreading
----------------------------------------

Rotem Yaari ran into some deadlocks using the subprocess module in a
multithreaded environment.  If a thread other than the thread calling
fork is holding the import lock, then since posix only replicates the
calling thread, the new child process ends up with an import lock that
is locked by a no longer existing thread.  Ronald Oussoren offered up
a repeatable test case, and a number of strategies for solving the
problem were discussed, including releasing the import lock during a
fork and throwing away the old import lock after a fork.

Contributing threads:

- `pthreads, fork, import, and execvp
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/064983.html>`__
- `pthreads, fork, import, and execvp
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065023.html>`__

----------------
string.partition
----------------

Fredrik Lundh asked about the status of string.partition, and there
was a brief discussion about whether or not to return real string
objects or lazy objects that would only make a copy if the original
string disappeared.  Guido opted for the simpler approach using real
string objects, and Fredrik implemented it.

Contributing threads:

- `whatever happened to string.partition ?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065191.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] whatever happened to string.partition ?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065195.html>`__
- `partition() variants
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065216.html>`__

----------------------------
Speeding up parsing of longs
----------------------------

Runar Petursson asked about speeding up parsing of longs from a slice
of a string, e.g. ``long(mystring[x:y])``.  He initially proposed
adding start= and end= keyword arguments to the long constructor, but
that seemed like a slippery slope where every function that took a
string would eventually need the same arguments.  Tim Peters pointed
out that a buffer object would solve the problem if
``PyLong_FromString()`` supported buffer's "offset & length" view or
the world instead of only seeing the start index.  While adding a
``PyLong_FromStringAndSize()`` would solve this particular problem,
all the internal parsing routines have a similar problem -- none of
them support a slice-based API.

As an alternate approach, Martin Blais was working on a "hot" buffer
class, based on the design of the Java NIO ByteBuffer class, which
would work without an intermediate string creation or memory copy.

Contributing thread:

- `Cost-Free Slice into FromString constructors--Long
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065163.html>`__

----------------------
Speeding up try/except
----------------------

After Steve Holden noticed a ~60% slowdown between Python 2.4.3 and
the Python trunk on the pybench try/except test, Sean Reifschneider
and Richard Jones looked into the problem and found that the slowdown
was due to creation of Exception objects.  Exceptions had been
converted to new-style objects by using PyType_New() as the
constructor and then adding magic methods with PyMethodDef().  By
changing BaseException to use a PyType_Type definition and the proper
C struct to associate methods with the class, Georg Brandl and Richard
Jones were able to speed up try/except to 30% faster than it was in
Python 2.4.3.

Contributing thread:

- `2.5a2 try/except slow-down: Convert to type?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065147.html>`__

-----------------------------
Supporting zlib's inflateCopy
-----------------------------

Guido noticed that the zlib module was failing with libz 1.1.4.  Even
though Python has its own copy of libz 1.2.3, it tries to use the
system libraries on Unix, so when the zlib module's compress and
decompress objects were updated with a copy() method (using libz's
inflateCopy() function), this broke compatibility for any system that
used a zlib older than 1.2.0.  Chris AtLee provided a `patch
conditionalizing the addition of the copy() method`_ on the version of
libz available.

.. _patch conditionalizing the addition of the copy() method:
http://bugs.python.org/1503046

Contributing thread:

- `zlib module doesn't build - inflateCopy() not found
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065068.html>`__

------------------------
Potential ssize_t values
------------------------

Neal Norwitz looked through the Python codebase for longs that should
potentially be declared as ssize_t instead.  There was a brief
discussion about changing int's ob_ival to ssize_t, but this would
have been an enormous change this late in the release cycle and would
have slowed down operations on short ints.  Hash values were also
discussed, but since there's no natural correlation between a hash
value and the size of a collection, most people thought it was
unnecessary for the moment.  Martin v. L?wis suggested upping the
recursion limit to ssize_t, and formalizing a 16-bit and 31-bit limit
on line and column numbers, respectively.

Contributing threads:

- `ssize_t question: longs in header files
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065332.html>`__
- `ssize_t: ints in header files
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065333.html>`__

-----------------
itertools.iwindow
-----------------

Torsten Marek proposed adding a windowing function to itertools like::

    >>> list(iwindow(range(0,5), 3))
    [[0, 1, 2], [1, 2, 3], [2, 3, 4]]

Raymond Hettinger pointed him to a `previous discussion`_ on
comp.lang.python where he had explained that ``collections.deque()``
was usually a better solution.  Nick Coghlan suggested putting the
deque example in the collections module docs, but the thread trailed
off after that.

.. _previous discussion:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2005-March/270757.html

Contributing thread:

- `Proposal for a new itertools function: iwindow
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065276.html>`__

---------------------------------------------
Problems with buildbots and files left around
---------------------------------------------

Neal Norwitz discovered some problems with the buildbots after finding
a few tests that didn't properly clean up, leaving a few files around
afterwards.  Martin v. L?wis explained that forcing a build on a
non-existing branch will remove the build tree (which should clean up
a lot of the files) and also that "make distclean" could be added to
the clean step of Makefile.pre.in and master.cfg.

Contributing thread:

- `fixing buildbots
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065416.html>`__

------------------------------------
PEP 3101: Advanced String Formatting
------------------------------------

The discussion of `PEP 3101`_'s string formatting continued again this
fortnight.  Guido generally liked the proposal, though he suggested
following .NET's quoting syntax of doubling the braces, and maybe
allowing all formatting errors to pass silently so that rarely raised
exceptions don't hide themselves if their format string has an error.
The discussion was then moved to the `python-3000 list`_.

.. _PEP 3101: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101/
.. _python-3000 list: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-3000

Contributing thread:

- `PEP 3101 Update
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065059.html>`__

-----------------------------
DONT_HAVE_* vs. HAVE_* macros
-----------------------------

Neal Norwitz asked whether some recently checked-in DONT_HAVE_* macros
should be replaced with HAVE_* macros instead.  Martin v. L?wis
indicated that these were probably written this way because Luke
Dunstan (the contributor) didn't want to modify configure.in and run
autoconf.  Luke noted that the configure.in and autoconf effort is
greater for Windows developers, but also agreed to convert things to
autoconf anyway.

Contributing thread:

- `[Python-checkins] r46064 - in python/trunk: Include/Python.h
Include/pyport.h Misc/ACKS Misc/NEWS Modules/_localemodule.c
Modules/main.c Modules/posixmodule.c Modules/sha512module.c
PC/pyconfig.h Python/thread_nt.h
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065124.html>`__

--------------------------------
Changing python int to long long
--------------------------------

Sean Reifschneider looked into converting the Python int type to long
long.  Though for simple math he saw speedups of around 25%, for ints
that fit entirely within 32-bits, the slowdown was around 11%.  Sean
was considering changing the int->long automatic conversion so that
ints would first be up-converted to long longs and then to Python
longs.  Guido said that it would be okay to standardize all ints as
64-bits everywhere, but only for Python 2.6.

Contributing thread:

- `Changing python int to "long long".
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065133.html>`__

----------------------------
C-level exception invariants
----------------------------

Tim Peters was looking at what kind of invariants could be promised
for C-level exceptions.  In particular, he was hoping to promise that
for PyFrameObject's f_exc_type, f_exc_value, and f_exc_traceback,
either all are NULL or none are NULL.  In his investigation, he found
a number of errors, including that _PyExc_Init() tries to raise an
AttributeError before the exception pointers have been initialized.

Contributing thread:

- `Low-level exception invariants?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065231.html>`__

------------
C-code style
------------

Martin Blais asked about the policy for C code in Python core.  `PEP
7`_ explains that for old code, the most important thing is to be
consistent with the surrounding style.  For new C files (and for
Python 3000 code) indentation should be 4 spaces per indent, all
spaces (no tabs in any file).  There was a short discussion about
reformatting the current C code, but that would unnecessarily break
svn blame and make merging more difficult.

.. _PEP 7: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0007/

Contributing thread:

- `A can of worms... (does Python C code have a new C style?)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065469.html>`__


================
Deferred Threads
================
- `feature request: inspect.isgenerator
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065334.html>`__
- `Python Benchmarks
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065480.html>`__


==================
Previous Summaries
==================
- `[Python-checkins] r45925 - in python/trunk: Lib/tempfile.py
Lib/test/test_os.py Misc/NEWS Modules/posixmodule.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065022.html>`__
- `[Web-SIG] Adding wsgiref to stdlib
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065116.html>`__


===============
Skipped Threads
===============
- `FYI: building on OS X
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065020.html>`__
- `MSVC 6.0 patch
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065027.html>`__
- `total ordering.
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065028.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] r46002 - in python/branches/release24-maint:
Misc/ACKS Misc/NEWS Objects/unicodeobject.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065030.html>`__
- `Reminder: call for proposals "Python Language and Libraries Track"
for Europython 2006
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065057.html>`__
- `Decimal and Exponentiation
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065067.html>`__
- `Weekly Python Patch/Bug Summary
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065071.html>`__
- `New string method - splitquoted - New EmailAddress
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065078.html>`__
- `Iterating generator from C (PostgreSQL's pl/python RETUN
SETOF/RECORD iterator support broken on RedHat buggy libs)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065111.html>`__
- `Charles Waldman?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065120.html>`__
- `SSH key for work computer
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065138.html>`__
- `PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM in string join
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065145.html>`__
- `Socket regression
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065160.html>`__
- `extensions and multiple source files with the same basename
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065162.html>`__
- `Import hooks falling back on built-in import machinery?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065173.html>`__
- `This <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065192.html>`__
- `SQLite header scan order
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065206.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] r46247 - in
python/branches/sreifschneider-newnewexcept: Makefile.pre.in
Objects/exceptions.c Python/exceptions.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065211.html>`__
- `SQLite status?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065214.html>`__
- `Request for patch review
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065215.html>`__
- `patch for mbcs codecs
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065268.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] This
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065291.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] r46300 - in python/trunk: Lib/socket.py
Lib/test/test_socket.py Lib/test/test_struct.py Modules/_struct.c
Modules/arraymodule.c Modules/socketmodule.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065296.html>`__
- `getting rid of confusing "expected a character buffer object"
messages <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065298.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] Python Regression Test Failures refleak (101)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065310.html>`__
- `PEP 42 - New kind of Temporary file
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065315.html>`__
- `DRAFT: python-dev summary for 2006-03-16 to 2006-03-31
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065321.html>`__
- `dictionary order
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065322.html>`__
- `Syntax errors on continuation lines
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065327.html>`__
- `DRAFT: python-dev summary for 2006-04-01 to 2006-04-15
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065344.html>`__
- `Contributor agreements (was Re: DRAFT: python-dev summary for
2006-04-01 to 2006-04-15)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065368.html>`__
- `Integer representation (Was: ssize_t question: longs in header
files) <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065391.html>`__
- `problem with compilation flags used by distutils
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065418.html>`__
- `bug in PEP 318
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065440.html>`__
- `Socket module corner cases
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065443.html>`__
- `uriparsing library (Patch #1462525)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065446.html>`__
- `optparse and unicode
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065458.html>`__
- `Reporting unexpected import failures as test failures in
regrtest.py <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065468.html>`__
- `Add new PyErr_WarnEx() to 2.5?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065478.html>`__
- `Arguments and PyInt_AsLong
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065485.html>`__




========
Epilogue
========

This is a summary of traffic on the `python-dev mailing list`_ from
May 16, 2006 through May 31, 2006.
It is intended to inform the wider Python community of on-going
developments on the list on a semi-monthly basis.  An archive_ of
previous summaries is available online.

An `RSS feed`_ of the titles of the summaries is available.
You can also watch comp.lang.python or comp.lang.python.announce for
new summaries (or through their email gateways of python-list or
python-announce, respectively, as found at http://mail.python.org).

This python-dev summary is the 5th written by
the python-dev summary solo,  Steve Bethard. (The fun never ends!)

To contact me, please send email:

- Steve Bethard (steven.bethard at gmail.com)

Do *not* post to comp.lang.python if you wish to reach me.

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--------------------
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--------------------

To comment on anything mentioned here, just post to
`comp.lang.python`_ (or email python-list at python.org which is a
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-------------------------
How to Read the Summaries
-------------------------

That this summary is written using reStructuredText_. Any unfamiliar
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.. _python-dev: http://www.python.org/dev/
.. _SourceForge: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470
.. _python-dev mailing list: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev
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.. _Docutils: http://docutils.sf.net/
.. _reST:
.. _reStructuredText: http://docutils.sf.net/rst.html
.. _PSF:
.. _Python Software Foundation: http://python.org/psf/

.. _archive: http://www.python.org/dev/summary/
.. _RSS feed: http://www.python.org/dev/summary/channews.rdf

From antroy at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 10:44:52 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 07:44:52 -0700
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.08.02.19.35.452621@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152290378.738168.223270@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.08.02.19.35.452621@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152542691.948149.19100@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


> As Fredrik points out, embedded Python isn't the same as running
> untrusted code. The reality is, Python has not been designed for running
> untrusted code safely.

So how do python app's typically embed python? For example things like
Zope and idle are scripted using Python - presumably they restrict the
execution of the scripts to a restricted set of modules/objects - but
how is this done?

Perhaps idle doesn't require safety from untrusted code, but surely
Zope does. So there must be some way of executing arbitrary untrusted
code in an app within some kind of sandbox...



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Fri Jul  7 16:43:32 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 06:43:32 +1000
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
In-Reply-To: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
References: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>
Message-ID: <44aec772$1@news.eftel.com>

On 8/07/2006 3:43 AM, Luis P. Mendes wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
> it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
> can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.
> 
> The problems are:
> 1- how to turn off/on the grid lines of each sheet?

It is an open source project. When you went to the source directory and 
typed:

grep def.*grid *.py

what went wrong?

> 2- I tried to build a simple 'if' formula but couldn't.

What did you try, and what was the result when you opened the file with 
OO.o Calc / Gnumeric / you-know-what? Have you had success with *any* 
formulas that have functions with more than one argument?

> Is it my
> problem or pyXLWriter's problem?

Given the limited information, certainty is impossible, but I'd say it's 
your problem.

> If the former, is it possible to post
> an example?

It is possible to post an example irrespective of whether it is your 
problem or not.

It is also possible to go to the examples directory and type:

grep -i "=if" *.py

HTH,
John


From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 17:15:55 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 14:15:55 -0700
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

cmdrrickhunter at yaho.com wrote:
> I'm getting rather inconsistent behavior with staticmethod.
Not really.

>>>> class A:
> 	def orig():
> 		print "hi"
> 	st = staticmethod(orig)
> 	st2 = st
> 	wrapped = [ orig ]
> 	wrapped2 = [ st ]
...
 >>>> A.wrapped[0]() # ODD - wrapping orig() in a list makes orig() work?
 > hi
 >>>> A.wrapped2[0]() # ODD - copying st works -- A.st2() -- but copying 
it to a list fails?
...

When you put orig in wrapped, it is _before_ the class is built,
so you are placing a simple function of no args in a list.

When you put st in wrapped2, it is also _before_ the class is built,
so you are placing staticmethod(a simple function of no args) in a list.

You really should be using new-style classes, some things just
work wrong in "classic classes" (this is not one of those things,
however).

When the class gets built, the staticmethod wrapper is used to determine
how to build A.  The class construction gets handed the "namespace"
that was defined in the class suite, and it fumbles over the defined
names determining what conversions to apply (and looking for things
like "__metaclass__" and "__slots__").  For more on all of this read
the language reference, esp. the "Data Model" section, and probably that
on the difference between old-style and new-style classes.



--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From faulal at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 10:52:33 2006
From: faulal at gmail.com (faulal at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 07:52:33 -0700
Subject: solving equation system
In-Reply-To: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153141039.216694.51240@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153147953.729194.133610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


TG wrote:

> Hi there.
>
> Anyone knows how to use numpy / scipy in order to solve this ?
>
> * A is an array of shape (n,)
> * X is a positive float number
> * B is an array of shape (n,)
> * O is an array of shape (n,) containing only zeros.
> 
> A.X - B = O
> min(X)
> 
> thanks.



From jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 14:58:39 2006
From: jeremy.d.brewer at gmail.com (jbrewer)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 11:58:39 -0700
Subject: XML-RPC + SimpleHTTPServer question
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152120870.534531.302140@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7820.1152124273.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152125919.830287.123090@l70g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

>why not just use an ordinary HTTP POST request ?

Sorry for such a simple question, but how would I do this?  XML-RPC
runs on top of HTTP, so can I do a POST without running a separate HTTP
server?

Jeremy



From bob at ubuntu-desktop.com  Fri Jul 28 20:36:24 2006
From: bob at ubuntu-desktop.com (bob)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 01:36:24 +0100
Subject: simple dbus python problem ... please help
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.29.00.36.23.290500@ubuntu-desktop.com>

Hi,

I have this sample python script from the hal sources, but it doesn't work
for me. This is despite other example python scripts I have to help me are
working fine. The problem is that this script is the closet to what it is
I actually want to learn to do.

The error is:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./dbus-3.py", line 6, in ?
    hal_service = bus.get_service ('org.freedesktop.Hal')
AttributeError: 'SystemBus' object has no attribute 'get_service'


The script is as follows:

#!/usr/bin/python

import dbus

bus = dbus.Bus (dbus.Bus.TYPE_SYSTEM)
hal_service = bus.get_service ('org.freedesktop.Hal')
hal_manager = hal_service.get_object ('/org/freedesktop/Hal/Manager',
                                      'org.freedesktop.Hal.Manager')

volume_udi_list = hal_manager.FindDeviceByCapability ('volume')
for udi in volume_udi_list:
    volume = hal_service.get_object (udi, 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device')
    device_file = volume.GetProperty ('block.device')
    fstype = volume.GetProperty ('volume.fstype')
    storage_udi = volume.GetProperty ('block.storage_device')
    storage = hal_service.get_object (storage_udi, 'org.freedesktop.Hal.Device')
    drive_type = storage.GetProperty ('storage.drive_type')
    print 'udi=%s device_file=%s fstype=%s drive_type=%s'%(udi,
    device_file, fstype, drive_type)

Documentation on this stuff is extremely thin on the ground, so links to
any good resources other than those at freedesktop.org would be most
appreciated!

All I really want to do is have a nice routine to do the following:

1. check whether or not a user has a dvd drive.
2. check whether a disc is in it.
3. if there is a disc in the drive, check the various properties relating
to it.

Surely it cannot be that hard to get enough information to work out how to
do that!

Thanks for reading :)


From oweston at earthlink.net  Fri Jul  7 18:43:08 2006
From: oweston at earthlink.net (wes weston)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 22:43:08 GMT
Subject: Parsing HTML--looking for info/comparison of HTMLParser vs.
	htmllib modules.
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7910.1152296342.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7910.1152296342.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <0sBrg.5214$cd3.2978@newsread3.news.pas.earthlink.net>

from HTMLParser import HTMLParser

class MyHTMLParser(HTMLParser):
     def __init__(self):
         HTMLParser.__init__(self)
         self.TokenList = []
     def handle_data( self,data):
         data = data.strip()
         if data and len(data) > 0:
             self.TokenList.append(data)
         #print data
     def GetTokenList(self):
         return self.TokenList


try:
     url = "http://....your url here.............."
     f = urllib.urlopen(url)
     res = f.read()
     f.close()
except:
     print "bad read"
     return

h = MyHTMLParser()
h.feed(res)
tokensList = h.GetTokenList()


Kenneth McDonald wrote:
> I'm writing a program that will parse HTML and (mostly) convert it to 
> MediaWiki format. The two Python modules I'm aware of to do this are 
> HTMLParser and htmllib. However, I'm currently experiencing either real 
> or conceptual difficulty with both, and was wondering if I could get 
> some advice.
> 
> The problem I'm having with HTMLParser is simple; I don't seem to be 
> getting the actual text in the HTML document. I've implemented the 
> do_data method of HTMLParser.HTMLParser in my HTMLParser subclass, but 
> it never seems to receive any data. Is there another way to access the 
> text chunks as they come along?
> 
> HTMLParser would probably be the way to go if I can figure this out. It 
> seems much simpler than htmllib, and satisfies my requirements.
> 
> htmllib will write out the text data (using the AbstractFormatter and 
> AbstractWriter), but my problem here is conceptual. I simply don't 
> understand why all of these different "levels" of abstractness are 
> necessary, nor how to use them. As an example, the html <i>text</i> 
> should be converted to ''text'' (double single-quotes at each end) in my 
> mediawiki markup output. This would obviously be easy to achieve if I 
> simply had an html parse that called a method for each start tag, text 
> chunk, and end tag. But htmllib calls the tag functions in HTMLParser, 
> and then does more things with both a formatter and a writer. To me, 
> both seem unnecessarily complex (though I suppose I can see the benefits 
> of a writer before generators gave the opportunity to simply yield 
> chunks of output to be processed by external code.) In any case, I don't 
> really have a good idea of what I should do with htmllib to get my 
> converted tags, and then content, and then closing converted tags, 
> written out.
> 
> Please feel free to point to examples, code, etc. Probably the simplest 
> solution would be a way to process text content in HTMLParser.HTMLParser.
> 
> Thanks,
> Ken


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 06:48:54 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 12:48:54 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

mystilleef wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>>Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>>>
>>>
>>>>mystilleef wrote:
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>>>>Of course using setters for the sake of just using them is pointless.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Indeed.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>The reason to use them is if pre-conditions or post-conditions need to
>>>>>>>be met. Or to control access to an objects states.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Then why advocate *systematic* use of them ?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>(snip)
>>>>>
>>>>>I never advocated anything.
>>>>
>>>>You advocated
>>>>"""
>>>>1). Make all attributes of a class private/protected .
>>>>2). If a "non-callable" attribute is going to be used outside a class,
>>>>think about making it a property and name the property well, because
>>>>you never know...
>>>>"""
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
>>
>>Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
>>
> 
> 
> You make the attribute private/protected.

doh :(

Let's talk about psychorigid mindset...

> 
>>>That's not advocacy, that's common sense.
>>
>>I'm afraid we don't use the same definition of "common sense". Writing
>>useless code is not part of my definition of "common sense".
>>
>>(snip)
>>
>>>>>I agree. And I already told you I think in terms of state and behavior
>>>>>and not language dependent semantics.
>>>>
>>>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
>>>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
>>>object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
>>
>>Let's try again...
>>
>>point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
>>Just a *convention*.
>>
> 
> 
> Huh? What are properties for then?

To allow attribute syntax when you really have computation behind. Which
 1/ let you start with the simplest case (a simple attribute) and change
your mind latter
2/ offer the possibility to use an attribute syntax (instead of a method
call syntax) when it seems more natural.

> 
>>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
>>internal data" at will.
>> 
> 
> And this is robust how?
> 

You can do just the same in Java or C++.

>>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
>>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
>>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
>>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
>>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
>>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
>>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
>>for this.
>>
> 
> 
> You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.

I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.

> 
>>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
>>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
>>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
>>
>>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
>>
>>class Complicated(object):
>>  def __init__(self, data):
>>    self.data = data
>>  def _get_data(self):
>>    return self._data
>>  def _set_data(self, data):
>>    self._data = data
>>
>>and
>>
>>class Pragmatic(object):
>>  def __init__(self, data)
>>    self.data = data
>>
>>
>>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
>>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
>>
> 
> 
> I don't know it's your code not mine.

IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.

> 
> class Robust(object):
> 
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> 		# corrupt the whole event system.
> 		self.__is_active = True
> 
> 	def get_is_active(self):
> 		return self.__is_active
> 
> 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> editable")
> 
> 	def monitor_events(self):
> 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> 		return

Yuck.

> See! I'm controlling access.

You are not controlling *anything*

r = Robust()
r._Robust__is_active = True

As I told you, there's no cure for idiocy.

> Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> down 27000 lines of code to do it. 

And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?

> Also a naive third party won't crash
> my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.

Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
*her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.

> Because in the real
> world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> among other forms of ridicule.

So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?

Now FWIW, I have lot of python apps in production, very few bug reports
[1], and none of them being the result of the problem you seems to fear
that much.

[1] The very first release of one of them is in production for more than
6 monthes now, is daily used by a dozen non-computer-savy users, and not
a *single* bug report - actually, the only return we had is "it's
perfect, it works like a charm, and we have some other stuff for you guys"


> And your supposed solution to my problem
> is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active."

In my example (which was not intended as a "solution to a problem"),
is_active is clearly part of the API. So your argument is moot.

OTOH, if I need to control access to is_active, I can easily change it's
implementation - ie by using a property (or any custom descriptor). So
my "solution to the problem" is functionally equivalent to yours, and
requires much less code - which contributes to making it more robust.

> Ha! And if
> you can't figure out why anyone would do this, 

Oh yes, I can :
- too much exposure to B&D languages
- lack of ability to criticize "what's in the Book"
- confusion between state/behaviour concepts and the (mostly inexisting
in most hi-level languages) data/function dichotomy
- control-freak mindset

> then I'm not wasting my
> time here anymore. 

You're wasting your time because you refuse to escape from your "what's
in the book" mindest and insist on writing Java in Python. I had the
same problem when I came from Java to Python, then I had the "aha"
moment where I realized I was overdoing it, writing uselessly
complicated code to do simple things that would just have worked without
all this mumbo/jumbo control freak stuff. But it seems you prefer to
stick to your masochistic approach for no other reason than
misunderstood concepts, so we can't help you here.

> Someday you'll learn the hard way.

Lol. I actually did *un*learn the hard way.

Mystilleef, I've started programing 17 years ago, and have done it
professionnaly for almost 10 years now. I do not pretend to be a good
programmer, but please believe that I do know my job. I've read the Book
too, I've tried applying it blindly, then I used my brain. Once you
understand the real reasons behind a "rule", you also understand when
and how to apply or not apply it.

> Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.

The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de  Wed Jul 12 07:12:24 2006
From: rolf.wester at ilt.fraunhofer.de (Rolf Wester)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 13:12:24 +0200
Subject: Strange behaviour of Numeric Float32 array?
Message-ID: <44b4d92f$1@news.fhg.de>

Hi,

the code:

from Numeric import *

def my_minimum(a):
	n=shape(a)[0]
	x = 1.0e20
	for i in range(n):
		if a[i] < x:
			x = a[i]
	return x



def strange(a):
	a[3] = -6303.0
	h = my_minimum(a)
	for i in range(10):
		print i,a[i],
		a[i] = a[i] - h
		print a[i],h

a = zeros(10,Float32)
strange(a)
b = zeros(10,Float64)
strange(b)

produces the output:

0 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
1 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
2 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
3 -6303.0 0.0 0.0
4 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 0.0 0.0 0.0
6 0.0 0.0 0.0
7 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 0.0 0.0 0.0
9 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
1 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
2 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
3 -6303.0 0.0 -6303.0
4 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
5 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
6 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
7 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
8 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0
9 0.0 6303.0 -6303.0

Can anybody tell me why in the Float32 version h is changed?
Thank you in advance.

Regards

Rolf


From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 16:09:26 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:09:26 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1fd8nmsbig1pr.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 16:51:56, danielx wrote:

> Gerhard's reply sounded not so confident. 

Yes, it is not. It's just the conclusion I drew from my experiments. (I'm
still all wet behind the ears WRT Python...)

As long as there was no write access to the variable, the inner function
could read the value just fine. When there was a write access, the first
read (if it was before the write access) bombed with that error message
that there was a read without a previous write. (Actually, it wasn't a
simple read, it was that "len(var)" access. I'm not sure a normal read
would bomb the same way. But the error message was that it was a read
access without a previous write.)

So that was just my conclusion. It is also consistent with the observation
that variables seem to be known in their scope, even before the location of
their first appearance. 

> Can we have someone who "really" knows weigh in on this? 

That would be nice :)

Gerhard



From sxn02 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 14 10:56:44 2006
From: sxn02 at yahoo.com (Sorin Schwimmer)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 07:56:44 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Tix Tree open/close issue
Message-ID: <20060714145644.47289.qmail@web56004.mail.re3.yahoo.com>

It works. Thanks Rob.

Sorin

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From bigskipster at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 17:49:23 2006
From: bigskipster at gmail.com (bigskipster at gmail.com)
Date: 16 Jul 2006 14:49:23 -0700
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
Message-ID: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

http://cooldogebooks.blogspot.com/2006/05/python-ebooks.html

Here is a cool site were you can preview python ebooks.

Here are just a few listed....

Advanced_Python_programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:23 194K
EP2003CppExtensions.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:25 2.0M
GUI Programming with Python.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:36 16M
Game_Programming_with_Python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:26 67K
How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002.pdf
20-Oct-2004 14:37 863K
How_to_think_like_a_computer_scientist.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:36 720K
New Riders - Jython for Java Programmers.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:38 713K
OReilly - Core Python Programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:43 7.8M
OReilly - Learning Python.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:44 967K
OReilly - Programming Python 2nd Ed.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:48 6.4M
OReilly - Python & XML.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:49 2.0M
OReilly - Python Cookbook.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:49 1.0M
OReilly - Python Developer's Handbook.rar 20-Oct-2004 14:50 1.6M
OReilly - Python In A Nutshell eBook-LiB.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:51 1.1M
OReilly - Python Programming on Win32.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:52 2.1M
OReilly - Python Standard Library.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:52 356K
Python???rar 20-Oct-2004 16:09 64M
Python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:59 391K
Python 2.1 Bible.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:58 6.3M
Python Essential Reference, Second Edition.rar 20-Oct-2004 14:58 536K
Python Pocket Reference.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:59 175K
PythonWindowsTutorial.doc 20-Oct-2004 16:10 1.9M
Python_Programming_with_the_JavaT_Class_Libraries_-_Addison_Wesley_-_2002.chm
20-Oct-2004 15:00 1.8M CD-ROM
Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours.rar 20-Oct-2004 15:52 2.4M
Thinking in python.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:21 178K
an-introduction-to-tkinter.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:23 733K
diveintopython-pdf-4.3.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:24 519K
iconcrib.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:37 152K
icongraphics.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:37 138K
mailgate/ 26-Oct-2004 02:27 -
modpython.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:38 164K
pil-handbook.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:53 486K
pil.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:53 232K
portal.tar.gz 20-Oct-2004 14:53 45K tar xvfz filename
pygtk2tutorial.tar.gz 20-Oct-2004 14:54 1.6M tar xvfz filename
pygtk2tutorial.tgz 20-Oct-2004 14:54 775K tar xvfz filename
pyref_cn.zip 20-Oct-2004 14:55 314K
pyscponly.py 20-Oct-2004 14:55 815
pyshell.txt 20-Oct-2004 14:55 1.1K
python_wdsl.pdf 20-Oct-2004 15:00 134K
python network programming.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:59 309K ??
tkinter.chm 20-Oct-2004 14:21 315K
tkinter.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:22 415K
tutorial python.pdf 20-Oct-2004 14:22 268K
Advanced_Python_programming [miex.org].pdf
An Introduction to Tkinter.chm
Dive into Python [miex.org].pdf
GUI_Programming_with_Python_-_QT_Edition [miex.org].chm
Game Scripting in Python [miex.org].doc
How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002
[miex.org].pdf
How_to_think_like_a_computer_scientist [miex.org].pdf
Instant_Hacking_With_Python [miex.org].zip
New Riders - Jython for Java Programmers [miex.org].chm
New Riders - Python Essential Reference, 2Nd Ed - 2001 [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Core Python Programming [miex.org].pdf
OReilly - Learning Python ed2 [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Programming Python ed2 [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Python & XML [miex.org].pdf
OReilly - Python In A Nutshell [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Python Pocket Reference,2001 ed2 [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Python Programming on Win32 [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Python Standard Library [miex.org].chm
Preiss,_B.R._-_Data_Structures_and_Algorithms_in_Python_(2004)
[miex.org].chm
Premier.Press,.Python.Programming.for.the.Absolute.Beginner.(2003).LiB.ShareConnector
[miex.org].chm
Prentice Hall - Core Python Programming (Fixed).chm
Python network programming.pdf
Python[1].Cookbook.2nd.chm
Python_2.1_bible_(idg_2001)_[pdf] [miex.org].zip
Python_Developer's_Handbook_(2000) [miex.org].chm
Race_Evolution_Behavior.pdf
Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours.rar
SciTE editor for Python
Scientific Computing in Python [miex.org].pdf
Text_Processing_in_Python_(Addison_Wesley-2003) [miex.org].chm
Thinking in Python [miex.org].chm
VIM editor for Python
mec.Python Programming with the Java Class Libraries.2002
[miex.org].chm
modpython [miex.org].pdf
numpy_tutorial [miex.org].pdf
python-doc-2.4.chm
skip4Python [miex.org].chm
OReilly - Learning Python 17-Dec-2005 04:49
OReilly - Programming Python 2nd Ed 17-Dec-2005 04:50
Oreilly.Learning.Python.2nd.Edition.eBook-LiB 17-Dec-2005 04:53
Oreilly.Python.In.A.Nutshell.eBook-LiB 17-Dec-2005 04:58
Sams - Teach Yourself Python In 24 Hours 17-Dec-2005 05:43
Thinking in python 17-Dec-2005 05:43
dive in to python 17-Dec-2005 04:46
instant-hacking.php 17-Dec-2005 04:47
Advanced_Python_programming.pdf  28-Apr-2004 16:36  194K
Bourne Shell, shell.pdf 01-Sep-2004 09:14  185K
How_To_Think_Like_A_Computer_Scientist-Learning_With_Python-2002.pdf
28-Apr-2004 16:36  863K
Mastering_Regular_Expressions.pdf  25-Apr-2003 18:33  5.8M
OReilly - ProgrammingPython2ndEd.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  6.4M
OReilly - Python Standard Library.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  356K
OReilly.Learning.the.bash.Shell.2nd.Edition.chm  24-Feb-2005 10:14
636K
Oreilly.Learning.Python.2nd.Edition.eBook-LiB.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37
1.2M
Oreilly.Python.In.A.Nutshell.eBook-LiB.chm  28-Apr-2004 16:37  1.1M
Sed and Awk Pocket Reference - 2nd Edition.chm  25-Sep-2003 14:21   91K

UnixHistory.pdf  01-Jun-2005 10:35  513K
diveintopython-pdf-5.4.zip 17-Jun-2004 10:23  764K
diveintopython.zip  15-Aug-2005 09:20  195K
linux - Advanced Bash Shell Scripting Gude.pdf  02-Aug-2004 00:00  4.6M

python_note.pdf  17-Jun-2004 10:18  1.9M
regx.pdf 24-Sep-2003 12:30   53K
thinking in python.chm   28-Apr-2004 16:37  178K
vim_user_manual_603.0.pdf  15-Aug-2005 17:08  2.2M



From jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 14:52:05 2006
From: jamesthiele.usenet at gmail.com (James Thiele)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 11:52:05 -0700
Subject: Proposal for new option -U extending -u
Message-ID: <1154199125.123751.37360@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Currently -u specifies that stdin, stdout and stderr are all
unbuffered. I propose a that -U make all files unbuffered. It could be
useful for programs that log to files.

Comments solicited.



From rhymes at myself.com  Wed Jul 19 10:40:31 2006
From: rhymes at myself.com (Lawrence Oluyede)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:40:31 +0200
Subject: New Martelli Nutshell Out
References: <1153318927.194435.202940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hiqeb1.rcg3hrsgxinyN%rhymes@myself.com>

BartlebyScrivener <rpdooling at gmail.com> wrote:

> My preordered copy of Python In A Nutshell just arrived from Amazon.
> 
> http://tinyurl.com/pkczm
> 
> Looking forward.

Me too :-)
Mine has been shipped yesterday.

-- 
Lawrence - http://www.oluyede.org/blog
"Nothing is more dangerous than an idea
if it's the only one you have" - E. A. Chartier


From nospam at nospam.com  Tue Jul 11 16:35:00 2006
From: nospam at nospam.com (3c273)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 13:35:00 -0700
Subject: timeit module for comparing the performance of two scripts
References: <1152631993.226711.108300@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9124c09lf@enews3.newsguy.com>


"Fredrik Lundh" <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote in message
news:mailman.8031.1152632499.27775.python-list at python.org...

> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConfig" "pyConfig.pyConfig()"
> $ python -m timeit -s "import pyConparse" "pyConparse.pyConParse()"
>
> note that timeit runs the benchmarked function multiple times, so you may
want
> to remove the print statements.

Hello,
Could you tell me what the "-m" switch does or even better, where to find
information on all switches in the documentation? Thanks.
Louis




From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 20 04:50:44 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 08:50:44 GMT
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-19, Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
> On 19 Jul 2006 12:27:39 GMT, Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
>
>
>> 
>> I once had a producer consumer code. When the client asked whether new
>> items were available the function could return three different values
>> 
>>   1) a list with items, to be consumed
>>   2) an empty list (meaning there were no items available for the
>>                     moment but there could be in the future
>>   3) None (meaning the producer was done)
>>
> 	You have a documented interface with a tri-state return... For this
> situation, you would need the explicit test... I'd probably end up with
> something like
>
> while True:
> 	retrn = function()
> 	if retrn is None:
> 		break
> 	elif retrn:
> 		consume 

The problem is how people here react:

  Suppose I have the following kind of code:

while True:
  try:
    if len(result) > 0:
      foo()
    else
      bar()
  except TypeError:
    break

This code makes the distinction between the three possibilities,
whether it is a good way or not I won't discuss, this is just
meant as an illustration.

Now I have a problem with the code between the if and else, so
I come to the newsgroup and post something like:

  I have a problem with the following kind of code, it seems
  to do blob, but I would have expected blib.

    if len(result) > 0:
      foo()
    else:
      ...


And before you know it someone will respond that I shouldn't
use
  
  if len(result) > 0:

but should just use:

  if result:


Which isn't at all helpfull with my original problem, but would
be wrong in the context where the code is actually used.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul 27 15:55:03 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 19:55:03 GMT
Subject: Simulate input to another program
References: <1154025758.484753.180200@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<nM2dnUkcFtyxllTZnZ2dnUVZ8qWdnZ2d@scarlet.biz>
	<1154027034.574582.150920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrneci6gn.1a1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-27, 31337one at gmail.com <31337one at gmail.com> wrote:
> So there is no easy built in way to do this?

Depends on what you mean by easy. A look at the pty module
may help.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Sun Jul  9 10:36:00 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 14:36:00 GMT
Subject: python/xpath question...
References: <mailman.7866.1152202933.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44ad3dfa$0$29135$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <8764i6q20f.fsf@reportlab.com>

Stefan Behnel <stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de> writes:
[...]
> I'm not quite sure how this is supposed to be related to Python, but if you're
> trying to find a sibling, what about using the "sibling" axis in XPath?

<nit>
There's no "sibling" axis in XPath.  I'm sure you meant
"following-sibling" and/or "preceding-sibling".
</nit>


John


From beiwang2003 at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 14:03:13 2006
From: beiwang2003 at gmail.com (bei)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 11:03:13 -0700
Subject: help: output arrays into file as column
Message-ID: <1154023393.849503.308070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am trying to write several arrays into one file, with one arrays in
one column. Each array (column) is seperated by space.
ie. a=[1,2,3, 4] b=[5,6,7,8] c=[9,10,11,12]
1  5  9
2  6  10
3  7  11
4  8  12

Now I use the function file.writelines(a), file.writelines(b),
file.writelines(c). And the output is a sequence of strings without
newlines between a, b ,c . Also each array stays in row other than
column.

I am a new comer to python.Any idea about this is appreciated!

Bei



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 15:26:13 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 14:26:13 -0500
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
In-Reply-To: <12av0p2ps2kcr11@corp.supernews.com>
References: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<12av0p2ps2kcr11@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <e8p0se$ue4$1@sea.gmane.org>

Jim Segrave wrote:
> In article <44aea052$1 at usenet01.boi.hp.com>,
> dwelch91  <donald.welch at hp.com> wrote:
>> I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
>> Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
>> include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.
>>
>> The 2 ways I have thought detecting 64bit are:
>>
>> 1. struct.calcsize("P") == 8
>> 2. '64' in os.uname()[4]
>>
>> I'm not convinced that either one of these is really adequate. Does 
>> anybody have any other ideas on how to do this?
> 
> Does sys.maxint give what you need? 
> 
> I think for most machines this will give you the answer you are
> looking for - either 2**31 -1 for a 32 bit version or 2**63-1 for a 64
> bit version. It's set up during the configure phase of building python

No. Some 64-bit systems (notably Win64) leave C longs as 32-bit. This is known 
as the LLP64 data model.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com  Sat Jul 22 19:48:32 2006
From: pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com (pretoriano_2001 at hotmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 16:48:32 -0700
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
Message-ID: <1153612112.486901.143050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


W. D. Allen wrote:
> I want to write a retirement financial estimating program. Python was
> suggested as the easiest language to use on Linux. I have some experience
> programming in Basic but not in Python.
>
> I have two questions:
>  1. What do I need to be able to make user GUIs for the program, and

Try in: www.wxpython.org
or in
http://www.codeplex.com/Wiki/View.aspx?ProjectName=IronPython&title=More%20Information

>  2. Which book would be easiest to use to learn Python programming?

Try in: http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html
I nice Book I has is in:
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/159059519X/sr=8-1/qid=1153612000/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-6666182-3979942?ie=UTF8



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 10 16:40:50 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 20:40:50 GMT
Subject: wxpython: how does EVT_IDLE work?
In-Reply-To: <5Uysg.2446$No6.49659@news.tufts.edu>
References: <Wjysg.2445$No6.49710@news.tufts.edu>
	<5Uysg.2446$No6.49659@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <mXysg.2447$No6.49659@news.tufts.edu>

John Salerno wrote:

> Ok, now I'm really confused. I just ran the code again and this time it 
> *doesn't* increase the progress bar when the mouse is idle, and it only 
> increases when I move it. This wasn't the behavior just a few minutes 
> ago, and I didn't change anything! What's going on?

Ok, this helps explain why moving the mouse causes the idle event:

"Note that, unless you do something specifically, the idle events are 
not sent if the system remains idle once it has become it, e.g. only a 
single idle event will be generated until something else resulting in 
more normal events happens and only then is the next idle event sent again."

But I'm still confused about why *not* moving the mouse still allowed 
the progress bar to increase (although that behavior has stopped now for 
some reason).


From jerry.levan at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 14:11:16 2006
From: jerry.levan at gmail.com (jerry.levan at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 11:11:16 -0700
Subject: DBus examples?
Message-ID: <1152036676.476198.13850@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I am trying to learn a bit about dbus on my Fedora Core 5 laptop.

All of the python examples I find on google fail to "compile" for
one reason or another, I guess the interface is still in flux...

Does anyone know of a source for a few simple examples that can
get me started?

Does anyone know if a suitably privileged user can send a
message via the dbus that will suspend/hibernate the laptop?

Thanks

Jerry



From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 04:53:42 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 01:53:42 -0700
Subject: how to stop python...
In-Reply-To: <44a8d655$1@news.eftel.com>
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44a8d655$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1151916822.639226.130570@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Wow, so many people with the same solution... where's the creativity
folks?

Whenever sys.exit() doesn't work for me, I find that a good solid thump
on the side of the computer case with a large mallet tends to do the
job.  And there's always threatening the computer with a degaussing gun!



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Mon Jul 24 14:22:08 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:22:08 -0700
Subject: Exercises for dive into python
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8476.1153762524.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153748196.7439.5.camel@localhost.localdomain>
	<loom.20060724T182806-862@post.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8476.1153762524.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153765327.924190.277930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>


Ben Edwards (lists) wrote:
> On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 16:39 +0000, Tal Einat wrote:
> > Ben Edwards (lists <lists <at> videonetwork.org> writes:
> >
> > >
> > > Have been working through Dive Into Python which is excellent.  My only
> > > problem is that there are not exercises.  I find exercises are a great
> > > way of helping stuff sink in and verifying my learning.  Has anyone done
> > > such a thing?
> > >
> > > Ben
> > >
> >
> >
> > I recently gave a Python crash-course in my company, and ran into the same
> > problem. There are many good Python tutorials, manuals, references etc., most
> > are accompannied by various code examples, but there are very few exercises. I
> > had a hard time collecting and inventing a few good exercises, about 12 in all.
> >
> > There are probably some good exercises out there, but they seem to be relatviely
> > hard to find. Maybe they should be collected and organized at Python.org?
>
> That sounds like an exelent idea.  Maybe the way to structure it is by
> book/chapter.
>
> >
> > I think building a large collection of good Python exercises could help both
> > those teaching Python and those learning it. Also, gathering a set of Python
> > exercises for those learning general programming concepts (variables, functions,
> > object-oriented, etc.) could help spread the use of Python for teaching
> > programming.
>
> I think there is little doubt about this.  The reason I liked the
> 'Thinking in Java' book was it had 10 exercises at the end of each
> chapter.  I would not more onto a chapter until I had completed them
> all.
>

This is something I had planned for the suggested tutorial restructure
at the 'pytut' wiki here:

    http://pytut.infogami.com/gerard_refactor

I had hoped (and hope!) to add exercises at the end of each chapter.
It's a wiki of course so if you've any ideas, feel free...

That said, I don't know how visible this sight is among the community -
it's been quiet for a few months - or if it's even on the radar of the
'Powers That Be', whoever (or whatever ;^) ) they are...

But it's there anyway.  The main pages are (obviously):

    http://pytut.infogami.com

Gerard



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Sat Jul 22 15:20:32 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 21:20:32 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Josiah Manson a ?crit :
> I found that I was repeating the same couple of lines over and over in
> a function and decided to split those lines into a nested function
> after copying one too many minor changes all over. The only problem is
> that my little helper function doesn't work! It claims that a variable
> doesn't exist. If I move the variable declaration, it finds the
> variable, but can't change it. Declaring the variable global in the
> nested function doesn't work either.
> 
> But, changing the variable in the containing scope is the whole purpose
> of this helper function.
> 
> I'm new to python, so there is probably some solution I haven't
> encountered yet. Could you please suggest a nice clean solution? The
> offending code is below. Thanks.
> 
> def breakLine(s):
> 	"""Break a string into a list of words and symbols.
> 	"""
> 	def addTok():
> 		if len(tok) > 0:

                 if tok:

An empty sequence evals to False in a boolean context.

> 			ls.append(tok)
> 			tok = ''
> 

First point: the nested function only have access to names that exists 
in the enclosing namespace at the time it's defined.

Second point: a nested function cannot rebind names from the enclosing 
namespace. Note that in Python, rebinding a name and modifying the 
object bound to a name are very distinct operations.

Third point : functions modifying their environment this way are usually 
considered bad form.

Here's a possible solution - but note that there are probably much 
better ways to get the same result...

def breakline(line):
   """Break a string into a list of words and symbols."""
   class TokenList(list):
     def append(self, token):
       if token:
         list.append(self, token)
       return ''

   tokens = TokenList()
   token = ''
   splitters = '?()&|:~,'
   whitespace = ' \t\n\r'
   specials = splitters + whitespace

   for char in line:
     if char in specials:
	token = tokens.append(token)
         if char in splitters:
           tokens.append(char)
     else:
       token += char

   tokens.append(token)
   return list(tokens)

(snip)


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 15:54:13 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 21:54:13 +0200
Subject: Better utilization of duo-core?
In-Reply-To: <e961et$l20$3@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152812815.820928.238830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<e961et$l20$3@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e968d3$f6d$1@sea.gmane.org>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:

>> How do I detect whether I have additional CPUs in the system?  The
>> google search turns up answer about a Sun workstation but not Windows
>> XP.
> 
> count = int(os.environ.get("NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS", 1))

footnote: a more "correct" way to do this is to use WMI.  links:

     http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html

 
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/wmisdk/wmi/wmi_tasks__computer_hardware.asp
     (look for "determine if a computer has more than one processor"

</F>



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Thu Jul  6 16:49:42 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:49:42 -0700
Subject: for loop question
Message-ID: <0ef001c6a13d$b4ee9750$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi..

basic foor/loop question..

i can do:

 for a in foo
  print a

if i want to do something like
  for a, 2, foo
    print foo

where go from 2, to foo..

i can't figure out how to accomplish this... 

can someone point me to how/where this is demonstrated...

found plenty of google for for/loop.. just not this issue..

thanks

-bruce



From dave at zaret.com  Sun Jul 30 23:35:41 2006
From: dave at zaret.com (David Zaret)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 03:35:41 GMT
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
Message-ID: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>

i have a dict with a particular key - the values for this key will be 
None, one valid scalar, or a list:

	{mykey, None}
	{mykey, "foo"}
	{mykey, ["bar", "baz"]}

let's ignore the None case - in the case of the one or many values, i 
want to suck the values into a list.  here's one way to do this:

             if mydict.has_key(mykey):
                 vals=[]
                 _v = mydict[mykey]
                 if isinstance(_v, types.ListType):
                     vals.extend(_v)
                 else:
                     vals.append(_v)
                 #   now we can safely iterate through acts
		for val in vals:
			.....


my way is ugly.  what's a better way?

thanks,

---- dz


From danb_83 at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 17 23:04:05 2006
From: danb_83 at yahoo.com (Dan Bishop)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 20:04:05 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153191845.341598.258610@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

nephish at xit.net wrote:
> Hey there,
> i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> get what exactly a lamda is for.

It defines a function.

f = lambda x, y: expression

is equivalent to

def f(x, y):
   return expression

Note that lambda is an expression while def is a statement.

> What would i use a lamda for that i
> could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> books.

Lambdas are typically used as parameters to functions that take
functions as arguments, like property() and reduce().  You never *need*
to use one, but sometimes it's convenient.



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul 13 06:12:33 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:12:33 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com><1152782195.048125.133960@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.8106.1152784474.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152784679.897537.105720@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e956af$igq$1@sea.gmane.org>

"mystilleef" wrote:

> Pretending to be intelligent does, however.

so the real reason you've written a few hundred posts saying basically "I pick
bad names, which proves... uh... whatever" is to impress people by pretending
to be something you're not ?

</F> 





From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Sun Jul  9 13:50:05 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 10:50:05 -0700
Subject: array of array of float
Message-ID: <1152467405.437036.142160@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

i used C too much and haven't used Python for a while...

like in C, if we want an array of array of float, we use

float a[200][500];

now in Python, seems like we have to do something like

a = [ [ ] ] * 200

and then just use

a[1].append(12.34)   etc

but it turns out that all 200 elements points to the same list...
and i have to use

a = [ ]
for i in range (0, 200):
    a.append([ ])

is there a simpler way... i wonder...



From fuzzyman at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 05:18:09 2006
From: fuzzyman at gmail.com (Fuzzyman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 02:18:09 -0700
Subject: Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a newbie?
In-Reply-To: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152609489.413272.320460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


TY wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Can someone point me to a Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a
> newbie?  I read the documentation but it doesn't have a lot of info...

Here's another useful example :

http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52298

All the best,

Fuzzyman
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/index.shtml

>  Thanks!



From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Sat Jul  8 17:37:37 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 14:37:37 -0700
Subject: split a line, respecting double quotes
In-Reply-To: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152306383.931296.228900@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152394657.662626.322300@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Jim wrote:
> Is there some easy way to split a line, keeping together double-quoted
> strings?
Thank you for the replies.

Jim



From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 08:57:07 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 14:57:07 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb848c$0$18610$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153212497.616388.326590@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcf211$0$31802$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153246259.536822.251610@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4i6of1F29t6oU2@uni-berlin.de>

>> What I'm saying here is that it's totally useless to duplicate default
>> behaviour.
>>
> 
> And who's doing that?

Somebody who uses setters that only set a property?


Diez


From irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl  Thu Jul  6 02:32:48 2006
From: irmen.NOSPAM at xs4all.nl (Irmen de Jong)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 08:32:48 +0200
Subject: mirroring object attributes using xml-rpc
In-Reply-To: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44acae90$0$31639$e4fe514c@news.xs4all.nl>

sashang at gmail.com wrote:

> but why can't I get the value of i like this?
> 
> c.i
> 
> How can I implement such behaviour? 

Not supported by XMLRpc. Switch to Pyro: http://pyro.sourceforge.net

--Irmen


From gelists at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 13:29:02 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:29:02 -0300
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<afnsb2tvks2qijpbsb27af78t7db2uifg4@4ax.com>
	<slrnebugv3.6ig.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<skbvb2h9ifaiqcg13b6vkcqull0k21v215@4ax.com>
	<slrnec1gfb.9qj.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <17f8ditft6j0m$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-21 09:00:43, Antoon Pardon wrote:

> So we have code with certain shudder characteristics. And instead
> of trying to help the OP with his problem, some people react
> to the shudder and come with all sort of comments that might be
> true if the code as shown was production code, but which totally
> miss the point the code was illustrating and thus aren't much
> helpfull.

In general, I'd say that in this case the example was not well-chosen.
After such a "shudder removal", a poster should IMO review what caused the
shudder, and rephrase the original problem without the shudder. That might
take a few iterations, but in general, either one or more of the "shudder
removals" actually address the OP's issue, maybe without any individual
helper understanding all of the problem (due to incomplete example code),
or the iterations lead to a code that's "shudder free" and still shows the
original problem -- now usually in a clearer form, because free of other
issues that are not relevant to the OP's point.

E.g. if someone makes a suggestion that is valid with the example code I
posted but not with the real code I have, I need to post an updated example
code that introduces a restriction similar to the one I actually have,
which then correctly invalidates the formerly valid suggestion -- and helps
getting more helpful responses. This is a process that in the past has
taught me a lot (not Python, but that's just because I'm too new here :).
Once you get good at this process, it often helps you find the problem even
before posting, because boiling code down to what the /real/ problem is can
show you a lot you otherwise miss.

(In case that sounds too general -- it is <g>. But it answers a general
point...)

Gerhard



From vatamane at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 02:52:06 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 23:52:06 -0700
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153327291.435761.316560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153326926.822085.219150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153327291.435761.316560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153378326.116407.133490@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Dave,

Python properties allow you to get rid of methods like c.getAttr(),
c.setAttr(v), c.delAttr() and replace them with simple constructs like
c.attr, c.attr=v and del c.attr.

If you have been using Java or C++ you know that as soon as you code
your class you have to start filling in the get() set()
delete()/reset() methods for each attribute. Some IDE tools like
Netbeans will to it for you with code refactoring and such. But for 10
attributes you will end up having another 20 or so
accessors/setters/and erase methods.

In Python not too long ago they introduced properties. With properties
you just access you attributes as attributes c.attr and c.attr=value if
you don't need to do anything special during getting and setting. Then
you can safely publish your API for everyone to use. If one day you
find a off-by-1 bug and you need to change one of the attributes when
it is accessed or set, you use properties. You create a method like
_get_attr(self) or _set_attr(self,v) in your class and at the end of
the class definition you write:
attr=property(_get_attr, _set_attr). From then on, when someone
accesses the attribute of your class c.attr the function _get_attr()
will be automatically called, in there you can do whatever you need and
return the value.

Check out this page:
http://www.python.org/download/releases/2.2/descrintro/
Look further down in the page for "properties".

Also take a look at "Python Is Not Java" article, it was interesting
for me to read. Properties getters and setters are mentioned there too
under the "getter and setters are Evil!" section ;)  Here is the link:
http://dirtsimple.org/2004/12/python-is-not-java.html

Nick V.

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
> > Even if you need to do something during attachment of components it is
> > more Pythonic to use properties. So you will write a method in your
> > class name something like _set_up(self,upstream_obj) an  _get_up(self).
> >  And then at the end of your class put up=property(_get_up, _set_up).
> > You can still use the compr.up=... format.
>
> sorry, I don't quite follow. what are properties?
>
> > Also, you might want to re-think your OO design. It seem that all of
> > your components do a lot of things in common already. For one they all
> > are connected to other components like themselves, they also propably
> > will have method to do some computing, perhaps send or receive stuff
> > from other components, or they all will implement somekind of an event
> > model. In that case you could create a generic component class and
> > sublass the specific implementations from it.
>
> yes, I already do this - I have a component class and then the other
> components inherit from it.
> 
> Dave



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul  5 09:01:11 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 13:01:11 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-04, Diez B. Roggisch <deets at nospam.web.de> wrote:
> Tim N. van der Leeuw wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>> 
>> The following might be documented somewhere, but it hit me unexpectedly
>> and I couldn't exactly find this in the manual either.
>> 
>> Problem is, that I cannot use augmented assignment operators in a
>> nested scope, on variables from the outer scope:
>
><snip/>
>
>> Is this an implementation artifact, bug, or should it really just
>> follow logically from the language definition?
>
> From the docs:
>
> """
> An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as x = x + 1
> to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect. In the augmented
> version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible, the actual
> operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than creating a new
> object and assigning that to the target, the old object is modified
> instead. 
> """
>
> The first part is the important one. If you expand
>
> x += 1
>
> to 
>
> x = x + 1
>
> it becomes clear under the python scoping rules that x is being treated as a
> local to the inner scope.
>
> There has been a discussion about this recently on  python-dev[1] and this
> NG - google for it.

Well no matter what explanation you give to it, and I understand how it
works, I keep finding it strange that something like

  k = [0]
  def f(i):
    k[0] += i
  f(2)

works but the following doesn't

  k = 0
  def f(i):
    k += i
  f(2)


Personnaly I see no reason why finding a name/identifier on the
leftside of an assignment should depend on whether the name
is the target or prefix for the target.


But maybe that is just me.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From cdsmith at twu.net  Tue Jul 11 11:53:39 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 09:53:39 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<Pevsg.26648$uy3.13388@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<MPG.1f1c334429ce4ae989775@news.altopia.net>
	<87k66kplgt.fsf@qrnik.zagroda>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1d777230d4eb9b989784@news.altopia.net>

Marcin 'Qrczak' Kowalczyk <qrczak at knm.org.pl> wrote:
> Chris Smith <cdsmith at twu.net> writes:
> >> No what happens if right here you code
> >>    b := 16;
> >> 
> >> Does that again change the type of "b"? Or is that an illegal 
> >> instruction, because "b" has the "local type" of (18..22)?
> >
> > It arranges that the expression "b" after that line (barring further 
> > changes) has type int{16..16}, which would make the later call to 
> > signContract illegal.
> 
> The assignment might be performed in a function called there, so it's
> not visible locally.

Indeed, I pointed that out a few messages ago.  That doesn't mean it's 
impossible, but it does mean that it's more difficult.  Eventually, the 
compiler will have to stop checking something, somewhere.  It certainly 
doesn't, though, have to stop at the first functional abstraction it 
comes to.  The ways that a function modifies the global application 
state certainly ought to be considered part of the visible API of that 
function, and if we could reasonably express that in a type system, then 
that's great!  Granted, designing such a type system for an arbitrary 
imperative language seems a little scary.

> Propagating constraints from conditionals is not applicable to mutable
> variables, at least not easily.

Certainly it worked in the code from my original response to George.  
Regardless of whether it might not work in more complex scenarios (and I 
think it could, though it would be more challenging), it still doesn't 
seem reasonable to assert that the technique is not applicable.  If the 
type system fails, then it fails conservatively as always, and some 
programmer annotation and runtime check is needed to enforce the 
condition.

> I think that constant bounds are not very useful at all. Most ranges
> are not known statically, e.g. a variable can span the size of an
> array.

I think you are overestimating the difficulties here.  Specialized 
language already exist that reliably (as in, all the time) move array 
bounds checking to compile time; that means that there exist at least 
some languages that have already solved this problem.  Going back to my 
handy copy of Pierce's book again, he claims that range checking is a 
solved problem in theory, and the only remaining work is in how to 
integrate it into a program without prohibitive amounts of type 
annotation.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From me at jonbowlas.com  Mon Jul 31 05:32:48 2006
From: me at jonbowlas.com (Jonathan Bowlas)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:32:48 +0100
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
Message-ID: <024101c6b484$4955a470$73602452@bowlas>

Thanks for everyone's help, much appreciated, I'll check out the isinstance
function.

 

Jon

 

-----Original Message-----
From: python-list-bounces+info=jonbowlas.com at python.org
[mailto:python-list-bounces+info=jonbowlas.com at python.org] On Behalf Of
Dennis Benzinger
Sent: 31 July 2006 10:20
To: python-list at python.org
Subject: Re: Newbie help - test for data type

 

Jonathan Bowlas wrote:

> Hi Listers,

> 

> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this

> is possible in python?

> 

> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form

> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one

> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox
is

> passed as a list. Therefore if my function is required to perform an
action

> based on each argument passed in the list the function works correctly but

> if it is passed as a string nothing happens.

 

You need the isinstance() function. For example you can use

isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, list) to test if your variable is a list. 

If you want to test the other way round use 

isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, str) if your variable is a string, 

isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, unicode) if it's a unicode string or 

isinstance(selecteddeptcodes, basestring) to test if it's a string or 

unicode string. Read more about this function and the types to test for 

in http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html.

 

If you already have the code for a list argument I'd check if it's not a 

list and then turn it into a list:

 

 

if not isintance(selecteddeptcodes, list):

     selecteddeptcodes = [selecteddeptcodes]

 

 

 

Bye,

Dennis

-- 

http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

 

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From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Wed Jul  5 14:48:02 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 20:48:02 +0200
Subject: Very practical question
In-Reply-To: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ac0837$0$25722$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

madpython a ?crit :
> I've been doing an application with Tkinter widgets. Nothing really
> fancy just routine stuff. Though I have no problems with it by now I
> guess it would be reasonable to ask about a thing that's been bothering
> me a bit. Look at this piece of code:
> 
> class A(object):
>     def a(self):
>         return "a from A"
> 
> class B(object):
>     def interClassCall(self):
>         print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a()

Yuck. You're fired.

> class C(object):
>     def __init__(self):
>         self.a=A()
>         self.b=B()
>     def c(self):
>         self.b.interClassCall()
> 
> if __name__=="__main__":
>     c=C()
>     c.c()
> 
> What is another way to get data from method of another instance of a
> class?

Have a reference to that instance. Usually by one of the following method:
1/ create the C instance in the calling method
2/ have the C instance passed as an argument to the calling method
3/ have the C instance as an attribute of the B instance
4/ get the C instance from a module function (but then you have to solve 
how this module function itself gets the C instance, see above)

In your case, since it's the C instance that calls the B method that 
needs a reference to the C instance, just have the C instance pass 
itself to B:

class B(object):
     def interClassCall(self, c):
         print c.a.a()

class C(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.a=A()
         self.b=B()
     def c(self):
         self.b.interClassCall(self)

Now, since B.interClassCall() doesn't need c, but the result of the call 
to c.a.a(), it would be better to directly pass that result:

class B(object):
     def interClassCall(self, something):
         print something

class C(object):
     def __init__(self):
         self.a=A()
         self.b=B()
     def c(self):
         self.b.interClassCall(self.a.a())


> Or maybe print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a() is perfectly
> normal. 

Definitively not. Not only is it a very complicated way to write a 
simple thing, but it's also totally defeating the whole point of using 
objects.

> I need your professional expertise.

It doesn't require any professional expertise to see what's wrong with 
your code. It's CS101.


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 06:44:28 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:44:28 +0200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44be0387_3@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.10.44.27.181870@gmx.net>

In <44be0387_3 at news.bluewin.ch>, Boris Borcic wrote:

> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
>> 
>> empty_list = []
>> bool(empty_list) is False
>> => True
> 
> it's just a pity that the symmetric expression
> 
> list(False) is []
> 
> doesn't hold.

You want the empty list to be a singleton!?  And I don't find
`list(False)` to return an empty list be very obvious.

> I guess the problem is that if list(False) was thus defined, it would be 
> difficult not to define list(True). And then the zen of Python clashes
> 
> "In the presence of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess".
> 
> OTOH, my favorite there would be
> 
> list(True) is [None]

Wow it even gets better, the list containing one `None` object should be a
singleton too.  Argh.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From evanpmeth at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 01:34:49 2006
From: evanpmeth at gmail.com (evanpmeth at gmail.com)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 22:34:49 -0700
Subject: Headers for Form Submision, and also HTTPrequests
Message-ID: <1152509689.859562.3630@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I am currently working a program that was intended to be purely JS and
AJAX. Due to the cross domain access problems i have defaulted to a
language I enjoy more, Python. My project consists of a web service
that provides information from a site that can only be accessed through
a portal type system. The information is retrieved by a python script
then relayed to the web browser. This information is behind a simple
username and password type setup.  The reason I am requesting help is
because I am currently in a ditch. The form submission part is very
simple in python and I have used it before. I never used it for logging
into a site though. This is where I ran into problems, I try to submit
a user name and password that I know are correct, but it does not work.
My only guess is that the headers, are incorrect and the site i am
trying to access has a security measure that prevents form submission
from anything other than a web browser. I tried multiple combinations
referring to the docs, but nothing seemed to work. It would submit but
return: "Invalid login", so it was posting to the site but probaly
posting the incorrect values. Here is a cut down version in html that
works just fine through a web browser for logining into the site:

<form
action="http://login.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.process"
method="post" name="theForm" id="theForm">
<input type="text" name="email" >
<input type="password" name="password" >
<input type="submit" value="Login"/>

And here is a stand alone version from python docs of the form
submision through python:

import httplib, urllib
params = urllib.urlencode({'email': '*****@***.***', 'password':
'*****'})
h = httplib.HTTP("login.myspace.com:80")
h.putrequest("POST", "/index.cfm?fuseaction=login.process")
h.putheader("Content-length", "%d" % len(params))
h.putheader('Accept', 'text/plain')
h.putheader('Host', 'www.myspace.com')
h.endheaders()
h.send(params)
reply, msg, hdrs = h.getreply()
print reply # should be 200
data = h.getfile().read() # get the raw HTML
print data

This code returns an invalid login even though the values are correct.
The only thing i can think of that there is something wrong with the
headers. Is there anyway to imitate a web browser if that is the
problem or some how figure out what the headers consist of that are
being submited and just copy that? and also is it possible once you are
logged in to this website to continue to a different page within the
member area, to extract more information? If anyone has any sugestions
on another way to go about doing this please let me know, and also i
already thought about using a mozilla/firefox plugin but i want to do
it in python :).

-EvanPMeth



From zabaione at uk2.net  Mon Jul 10 12:27:43 2006
From: zabaione at uk2.net (freesteel)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:27:43 -0700
Subject: multithreading windows and embedding python
In-Reply-To: <1150734666.413397.197810@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1150734666.413397.197810@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152548863.016406.323380@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


freesteel wrote:
...
> 			pThread[ih] = AfxBeginThread(MyThread, mainThreadState,
> THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL, CREATE_SUSPENDED);

...

Here the call to AfxBeginThread is wrong, there is one argument
missing, it should be:

pThread[ih] = AfxBeginThread(MyThread, mainThreadState,
THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL, 0, CREATE_SUSPENDED);

Because there are so many default arguments of similar types the
compiler did not notice that I passed 'CREATE_SUSPENDED' as a stack
size, and use the default 'creation' state of 'start right away' for
the thread.

Don't you love default args and types like 'void*' ?

Martin



From donald.welch at hp.com  Fri Jul  7 14:03:24 2006
From: donald.welch at hp.com (dwelch91)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 11:03:24 -0700
Subject: Detecting 64bit vs. 32bit Linux
Message-ID: <44aea052$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>

I need to detect whether the operating system I am running on (not the 
Python version) is 64bit or 32bit. One requirement is that I need to 
include support for non-Intel/AMD architectures.

The 2 ways I have thought detecting 64bit are:

1. struct.calcsize("P") == 8
2. '64' in os.uname()[4]

I'm not convinced that either one of these is really adequate. Does 
anybody have any other ideas on how to do this?

Thanks,

Don




From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 05:19:42 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 02:19:42 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlwvf3n.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153127982.687819.66240@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Trial and error - how else? :)

I believe finding a perfect hash function for
every kind and combination of data is a very
very time consuming operation. Also there is
the common case where the data is online
(ie: stateless) that said it doesn't mean you
can't make assumptions about the kind of data.



Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net


Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Arash Partow" <partow at gmail.com> writes:
> > For different data types different hash functions work
> > better/worse aka fewer or more collisions.
>
> But you give no indication of which of those hashes works best for
> what kind of data.  How is the user supposed to figure out which one
> to choose?



From mensanator at aol.com  Tue Jul  4 13:17:59 2006
From: mensanator at aol.com (mensanator at aol.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 10:17:59 -0700
Subject: fonction in python
References: <mailman.7762.1152009253.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152033479.080190.150100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


aliassaf wrote:
> Hello,
>
> If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
> going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.
>
> But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
> it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
> hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
> that f (t)!!!

You can use the GMPY module to determine square & power relationships:

>>> import gmpy
>>> for n in range(20):
	print n,
	if gmpy.is_square(n):
		print True,
	else:
		print False,
	if gmpy.is_power(n):
		print True
	else:
		print False


0 True True
1 True True
2 False False
3 False False
4 True True
5 False False
6 False False
7 False False
8 False True
9 True True
10 False False
11 False False
12 False False
13 False False
14 False False
15 False False
16 True True
17 False False
18 False False
19 False False

9 is both a power and a square whereas 8 is a power but not a square.


>
> Thanks
>
> --
> View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/fonction-in-python-tf1889102.html#a5164997
> Sent from the Python - python-list forum at Nabble.com.



From beliavsky at aol.com  Fri Jul 28 13:11:17 2006
From: beliavsky at aol.com (beliavsky at aol.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 10:11:17 -0700
Subject: Python Projects Continuous Integration
References: <1154087739.722910.110310@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<xqxejw6i9ua.fsf@cola3.ca.boeing.com>
Message-ID: <1154106677.404374.131830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Harry George wrote:
> "Dave Potts" <d.j.potts at bcs.org.uk> writes:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I'm just starting a development project in Python having spent time in
> > the Java world.  I was wondering what tool advice you could give me
> > about setting up a continuous integration environment for the python
> > code: get the latest source, run all the tests, package up, produce the
> > docs, tag the code repository.  I'm used to things like Maven and
> > CruiseControl in the Java world.
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Dave.
> >
>
> First, sorry to hear you have had to use Java. You should recover
> after a few months in Python.  Second, welcome to Python.

If you are serious about welcoming someone to Python, don't start by
making snide comments about their primary computer language. There are
trade-offs between Python and language X, for almost all X's.



From markus_wankus at hotmail.com  Fri Jul  7 20:10:25 2006
From: markus_wankus at hotmail.com (Markus Wankus)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 00:10:25 GMT
Subject: I thought I'd 'got' globals but...
References: <1152183016.093318.88590@q16g2000cwq.googlegroups.com>
	<44acecdc$0$1674$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152313280.618070.284710@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315264.255691.191640@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152315696.254537.222810@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tccf3xttb770y8@sketchy.ppgrp.ca>

On Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:41:36 -0400, Luis M. Gonz?lez <luismgz at gmail.com>  
wrote:
.
.
> OK, so I should include the global only if I plan to modify it.
> Otherwise, I don't need to include it. Am I right?
>

Correct.  Globals are always available to read from.  You need to declare  
them if you want to modify them in another scope.  Like nate, I also tend  
to declare them all the time if I am going to use them, just for clarity.

M.


From http  Mon Jul 31 10:21:36 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 07:21:36 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> I actually need numbers much larger than 32 bits.

What is the max size hex number you need?  What is the application if
you don't mind my asking?


From gelists at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 12:49:46 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 13:49:46 -0300
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44C6471E.3080106@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <12qrr8nnk5uc0$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-25 13:30:22, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

>> Running os.system() in multiple threads strikes me as kind of whacked.
>> Won't they all compete to read and write stdin/stdout simultaneously? 
>> 
> Unfortunately this is due to the nature of the problem I am tasked with 
> solving.  I have a large computing farm, these os.system calls are often 
> things like ssh that do work on locations remote from the initial python 
> task.  

[...]

> Again, the problem I'm trying to solve doesn't work like this.  I've been
> working on a framework to be run across a large number of distributed
> nodes (here's where you throw out the "duh, use a distributed
> technology" in my face).  The thing is, I'm only writing the framework,
> the framework will work with modules, lots of them, which will be
> written by other people.  Its going to be impossible to get people to
> write hundreds of modules that constantly check for status messages.  

Doesn't this sound like a case for using processes instead of threads?
Where you don't have control over the thread, you can use a process and get
the separation you need to be able to kill this task.

Alternatively you could possibly provide a base class for the threads that
handles the things you need every thread to handle. They'd not have to
write it then; they'd not even have to know too much about it.

Gerhard



From steve at holdenweb.com  Mon Jul 24 17:03:49 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 22:03:49 +0100
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <44C532BB.4070004@mvista.com>
References: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>
	<44C532BB.4070004@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <ea3cjj$lg1$1@sea.gmane.org>

Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
[...]
>>This has been discussed many many times in the context of many many
>>languages and threading libraries.  If you're really interested, do
>>the investigation Steve suggested.  You'll find plenty of material.
>>  
> 
> 
> I've been digging around with Queue.Queue and have yet to come across 
> any solution to this problem.  Queue.Queue just offers a pretty package 
> for passing around data, it doesn't solve the "polling" problem.  I 
> wonder why malloc()'s can't be done in an atomic state (along with other 
> operations that should be atomic, maybe that's a question for OS guys, I 
> dunno).  Using Queue.Queue still puts me in a horribly inflexible 
> "polling" scenario.  Yea, I understand many of the reasons why we don't 
> have "threadicide", and why it was even removed from java.  What I don't 
> understand is why we can't come up with something a bit better.  Why 
> couldn't a thread relinquish control when its safe to do so?  While the 
> interpreter is busy doing malloc()s a thread receives a control message, 
> the thread waits until it knows its no longer in an atomic state and 
> gives control to the message handler when it can.  Its about setting up 
> a large system that is controllable without the painstaking process of 
> putting message polling loops all over the place.  Main threads in a 
> python program can setup a signal handler, accept signals, and that 
> signal can happily go ahead and kill a python interpreter.  Why can't 
> this concept be taken farther and introduced into threading? 
> 
I take this to mean you don't want to do the necessary research? ;-)

> There is no system that is completely interruptible, there will always 
> be a state in which it is not safe to interrupt, but many systems work 
> around this just fine with cautious programming.  Has anyone considered 
> an event driven approach to sending control messages to threads?
> 
The big problem (as you'll see when you ...) is providing facilities 
that are platform-independent.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul  3 01:41:40 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 05:41:40 GMT
Subject: how to stop python...
References: <mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <o62qg.10745$Uc3.9601@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:mailman.7713.1151900654.27775.python-list at python.org...
> hi...
>
> perl has the concept of "die". does python have anything similar. how can
a
> python app be stopped?
>
> the docs refer to a sys.stop.. but i can't find anything else... am i
> missing something...
>
> thanks
>
> -bruce
>
(From the interactive Python prompt:)

import sys
dir(sys)
['__displayhook__', '__doc__', '__excepthook__', '__name__', '__stderr__',
'__st
din__', '__stdout__', '_getframe', 'api_version', 'argv',
'builtin_module_names'
, 'byteorder', 'call_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook',
'dllhand
le', 'exc_clear', 'exc_info', 'exc_type', 'excepthook', 'exec_prefix',
'executab
le', 'exit', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding',
'getfilesystemencoding',
'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getwindowsversion', 'hexversion',
'maxint',
 'maxunicode', 'meta_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path_hooks',
'path_importer_cach
e', 'platform', 'prefix', 'ps1', 'ps2', 'setcheckinterval', 'setprofile',
'setre
cursionlimit', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'version',
'version_info
', 'warnoptions', 'winver']

(Hmmm, no mention of "stop", but perhaps "exit"???)

help(sys.exit)

Help on built-in function exit in module sys:

exit(...)
    exit([status])

    Exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit(status).
    If the status is omitted or None, it defaults to zero (i.e., success).
    If the status is numeric, it will be used as the system exit status.
    If it is another kind of object, it will be printed and the system
    exit status will be one (i.e., failure).


sys.exit()

Voila!

and now this from the "What's new in Python 2.5":
---------------------------
In the interactive interpreter, quit and exit have long been strings so that
new users get a somewhat helpful message when they try to quit:

>>> quit
'Use Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit.'
In Python 2.5, quit and exit are now objects that still produce string
representations of themselves, but are also callable. Newbies who try quit()
or exit() will now exit the interpreter as they expect. (Implemented by
Georg Brandl.)

---------------------------

So from the ">>>" Python prompt, instead of ^D to exit, one can type quit()
or exit().  Or if sys has been imported, sys.exit().  From within a script,
one can call sys.exit().

-- Paul






From madpython at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 12:45:13 2006
From: madpython at gmail.com (madpython)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 09:45:13 -0700
Subject: Very practical question
Message-ID: <1152117913.457095.306480@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I've been doing an application with Tkinter widgets. Nothing really
fancy just routine stuff. Though I have no problems with it by now I
guess it would be reasonable to ask about a thing that's been bothering
me a bit. Look at this piece of code:

class A(object):
    def a(self):
        return "a from A"

class B(object):
    def interClassCall(self):
        print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a()

class C(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a=A()
        self.b=B()
    def c(self):
        self.b.interClassCall()

if __name__=="__main__":
    c=C()
    c.c()

What is another way to get data from method of another instance of a
class? Or maybe print globals()['c'].__dict__['a'].a() is perfectly
normal. I need your professional expertise.



From bigskipster at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 14:13:32 2006
From: bigskipster at gmail.com (bigskipster at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 11:13:32 -0700
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
In-Reply-To: <Xns980311E5BE4C1castleamber@130.133.1.4>
References: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns9802D223BB355castleamber@130.133.1.4>
	<vn3mb210n0fhcaspqi6r3m6v594v60allv@4ax.com>
	<Xns980311E5BE4C1castleamber@130.133.1.4>
Message-ID: <1153160012.819167.142930@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


John Bokma wrote:
> Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:
>
> > On 17 Jul 2006 01:39:27 GMT, John Bokma <john at castleamber.com>
> > declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> >
> >> But everything to make a little AdSense money no? How would you like
> >> it if everybody who read your message clicks 10 times on each ad?
> >
> >      Why take the time... This is Python, is it not... Let's create a
> > script that does the "clicking", one per second, and run it in the
> > background... (86400 seconds per day... let it run for a while...)
>
> Why use Python when one has wget :-D
>
> --
> John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
>                            personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
>         Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
>             Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


Oooops repost, I'll delete tommorow.

If you think a simple script is going to fool adsense then you trully
need to read some books.



From larry.bates at websafe.com  Fri Jul 21 13:02:42 2006
From: larry.bates at websafe.com (Larry Bates)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 12:02:42 -0500
Subject: Language Design: list_for scope?
In-Reply-To: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1153499311_78499@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <44C108B2.90905@websafe.com>

First things first:

Don't name a variable "dict" because if you do it shadows
the built in dict function (same goes for list, str, ...).
This WILL bite you later, so start now by not naming
variables by any built in names.

Now to your question:

for x in <something>: requires <something> be an iterable
(e.g. list, tuple, iterable class instance, etc) so there
is something that it can loop over one object at at time.

>for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:

needs to be written (if I'm understanding what you are
doing) as:

for x in [x for x in d if d[x]=="thing"]:

[ x for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ] is a list
comprehension that will resolve to a list of keys from the
dictionary where the values are "thing".  This way
the result of the list comprehension is a list which is
something the outside for loop can iterate over.

Example:

>>> d={1:'x',2:'thing',3:'thing',4:'thing',5:'thing', \
   6:'z',7:'thing',8:'thing',9:'y'}

>>> [x for x in d if d[x]=="thing"]
[2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8]

-Larry Bates


guthrie wrote:
> I'm pretty new to Python, and trying to parse the grammar.
> 
> Q: What is the scope of the testlist in a list_for?
> 
> For example;
> Instead of;
>      for x in [ x in dict if dict[x]=="thing" ]:
> in this:
>      for x in dict and dict[x]=="thing":
> x is undefined.
> 
> And why doesn't this work:
>     for x in dict if dict[x]=="thing":
> 
> Any insights/hints on why it is broken?
> 
> Thanks,
> Gregory
> ----------------------------------------
> http://docs.python.org/ref/grammar.txt:
> list_for ::=
>              "for" expression_list "in" testlist
>               [list_iter]
> testlist ::=
>              test ( "," test )* [ "," ]
> list_iter ::=
>              list_for | list_if
> list_if ::=
>              "if" test [list_iter]
> 
> 
> ----== Posted via Newsfeeds.Com - Unlimited-Unrestricted-Secure Usenet
> News==----
> http://www.newsfeeds.com The #1 Newsgroup Service in the World! 120,000+
> Newsgroups
> ----= East and West-Coast Server Farms - Total Privacy via Encryption =----


From fkaslan at yahoo.com  Thu Jul  6 09:42:28 2006
From: fkaslan at yahoo.com (Kilicaslan Fatih)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 06:42:28 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: Help Needed !!! Browsing and Selecting More Than One File
Message-ID: <20060706134228.92924.qmail@web53104.mail.yahoo.com>

Dear Diez B. Roggisch,

After clicking a button on the GUI the user can browse
and than select a ".c" file to assign to the other
program I have mentioned.

But in this way I can only select one file. I don't
know how to implement this application for all of the
"*.c" files in a folder. Do I need to write a for loop
for this? Or maybe I can create a list after
sequentially browsing files and than assign this list
as a parameter to the function I am executing. 

Here is a part of the code, I am new to Python and
OOP. Sorry for the ambiguity in my question.

class App:

#Browsing the file, this is triggered
#through a menu
    def browseFile(self):
        global file
        file = askopenfilename(filetypes = [("C source
code", "*.c"), ("All Files", "*.*")])

#Running the CC program
#This is triggered by a button push                   
    
    def runCC(self, event):
    
        if type(file)==str:
            dosya = file            
            cmd = 'cc ' + dosya
            return os.system(cmd)
        else:
            message = tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window
Text", "Please Browse a File Firstly")
            print message

Regards,
Fatih K.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around 
http://mail.yahoo.com 


From aleax at mac.com  Tue Jul  4 19:41:38 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 16:41:38 -0700
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
References: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1hhylxu.6935f71wr58weN%aleax@mac.com>

Steven D'Aprano <steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> wrote:
   ...
> The obvious problem is, I have to create a custom method for every string
> method -- and if strings gain any new methods in some future version of
> Python, my subclass won't exhibit the correct behaviour.

As others already suggested, automating such decoration is pretty easy;
you can do it with either a custom metaclass or a simple post-processing
of your class in a loop.  Untested details below, but the general idea
would be something like:

class SDAstr(str):
    magic = 'whatever'

def _SDAdecorate(methodname, strmethod):
    def decorated(self, *a, **k):
        if self == self.magic: print "whatever!"
        return strmethod(self, *a, **k)
    setattr(SDAstr, methodname, decorated)

for methodname, strmethod in \
    inspect.getmembers(str, inspect.ismethoddescriptor):
        _SDAdecorate(methodname, strmethod)

and variants thereof (to provide more accurate metainformation with the
decorated methods -- name, docstring, signature, whatever; and/or to
encapsulate things in a custom metaclass; whatever).


> class MyInt(int):
>     """Like an int but with special behaviour."""
>     def __init__(self, value, extra):
   ...
> Looks like my __init__ isn't even being called here. Why not, and how do I
> fix this?

Override __new__, which is what invariably gets called (before __init__,
which only gets called if __new__ returns an instance of the class that
you're instantiating).


Alex


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Mon Jul 31 19:55:39 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 23:55:39 GMT
Subject: Decorator for use with cgilib
Message-ID: <%Lwzg.35491$Cn6.19340@tornado.texas.rr.com>

(if anyone still uses cgilib, in the presence of Django, TG, et al.)...

I tried out a simple CGI Python script this week, and was a bit annoyed at
the repetitive <HTML>,<HEAD>,<BODY>, etc. opening and closing tags for each
request handler method.  So I wrote a decorator to handle this junk.  It's
posted on the Python wiki at
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary#head-f0d46c66e0a2653daae3f451d32405a283d6759b.

-- Paul




From jonasmg at softhome.net  Mon Jul 24 05:43:18 2006
From: jonasmg at softhome.net (GinTon)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 02:43:18 -0700
Subject: BeautifulSoup to get string inner 'p' and 'a' tags
Message-ID: <1153734198.020895.269760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I'm trying to get the 'FOO' string but the problem is that inner 'P'
tag there is another tag, 'a'. So:

> from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
> s = '<td width="88%" valign="TOP"> <p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p></td>'
> tree = BeautifulSoup(s)

> print tree.first('p')
<p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p>

So if I run 'print tree.first('p').string' to get the 'FOO' string it
shows Null value because it's the 'a' tag:

> print tree.first('p').string
Null

Any solution?



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 06:09:17 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:09:17 +0200
Subject: class variables
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8710.1154263176.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <7008329d0607271421m40d34558u8654de80a89d94b0@mail.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8710.1154263176.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cdd6cd$0$5868$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Colin J. Williams wrote:
> Andre Meyer wrote:
>> Hi all
>>
>> I am trying to understand the magic of Python's class variables and
>> tried the following code (see below).
>>
>> Just out of curiosity, I tried to define a property that provides
>> access to a seemingly instancae variable which is in fact a class
>> variable.

class Foo(object):
  _v = 5

  @apply
  def v():
    def fget(self):
      return Foo._v
      # other solution [1] :
      # return self.__class__._v
    def fset(self, val):
      Foo._v = val
      # other solution [1] :
      # self.__class__._v = val
    return property(**locals())


[1] Depends on how you want this to work when subclassing Foo...


Gives :

>>> f1 = Foo()
>>> f2 = Foo()
>>> f1.v
5
>>> f2.v
5
>>> f1.v = 42
>>> f1.v
42
>>> f2.v
42
>>> Foo._v
42
>>>

>> All seems to work fine (case 4), but when a custom object is
>> assigned, an instance variable is created instead of using theproerty
>> (case 5).
>>
>> What goes wrong here?

I'm afraid there are too much problems with indentation in the posted
code to give any serious answer.

(snip)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From gelists at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 07:29:36 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:29:36 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9naj0$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <p3ioe5rmednw$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-20 04:15:33, Steve Holden wrote:

> mystilleef wrote:
> [...]
>> 
>> I don't know it's your code not mine.
>> 
>> class Robust(object):
>> 
>> 	def __init__(self):
>> 		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
>> 		# corrupt the whole event system.
>> 		self.__is_active = True
>> 
>> 	def get_is_active(self):
>> 		return self.__is_active
>> 
>> 	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
>> editable")
>> 
> Let's ignore changes of state for the moment. The mystical difference 
> that makes read access via
> 
>    some_robust.buffer_is_active()
> 
> acceptable and
> 
>    some_robust.__is_active
> 
> somehow dangerous (ignoring the fact that name_mangling will take place) 
> is what?
> 
>> 	def monitor_events(self):
>> 		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
>> 		# Add code to change __is_active here.
>> 		return
>> 
> I'm sure nobody would argue that if close synchronization between 
> multiple attributes is required then write accessors are a bad idea. But 
> using them unnecessarily just makes your code heavier, slower and less 
> easy to maintain.

I'm not sure, but there's one thing that has a potential to be the real
issue: what's the common way to create a property that is read-write for
the implementation and "read-only" for the interface? It seems to me that
this is what mystilleef is trying to do.

I know that Python doesn't really provide access control. But so far I've
learned that a leading underscore says "I'm implementation, don't touch me
unless you know what you're doing". So I imagine that I browse through code
and look for leading underscores for non-local object attributes, to spot
troublespots. So I imagine that using such attributes as "read-only"
interface elements may not be a good idea, because then you not only have
to spot them in outside code, you always also have to check whether that's
a read or a write access (to know whether it's something potentially
dangerous or not). I also don't know how you could use the computed
attribute methods to do different things for access from the outside and
from the inside (of the object).

So... _is_active is considered implementation. Don't mess with me, it says.
But the users of the class need access to it: read access. Do you just say
"read access isn't changing anything, so just use _is_active"? The
disadvantage is that the outside code is sprinkled with accesses to
attributes with leading underscores, which I assume looks kind of scary. Or
do you rename _is_active to is_active, indicating that access to it is
indeed allowed? Then you would have to do something in the attribute
accessors to control the write access -- because that still isn't a good
idea. But I need want to be able to write to it from inside the class...
but how, if the attribute accessor is preventing that? Is there a local
override for that? I'm sure there is... but is it a common technique?

I may have not used the correct terminology for everything, but I think
it's possible to parse that :)

And maybe that helps putting this to rest and make everybody happy :)

Gerhard



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 04:11:54 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:11:54 +0200
Subject: language design question
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org><e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<e8vcpj$b04$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8vmga$6bi$1@sea.gmane.org>

"Bryan" wrote:

>> and how do you make sure that everything subclasses this base class ?
>
> in this hypothetical case, i was assuming len() would be put in object and every
> class subclasses object implicitly or explicitly (ie, new style classes only).
> if it was done that way, would len(obj) == obj.len() in all cases?

why should *everything* be forced to have a length ?

</F> 





From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Mon Jul 24 12:39:20 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:39:20 GMT
Subject: Which Pyton Book For Newbies?
In-Reply-To: <1153673888.814425.87910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <T5Odna8YJb_zK1_ZnZ2dnUVZ_r6dnZ2d@adelphia.com>
	<1153673888.814425.87910@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <YI6xg.2560$No6.50883@news.tufts.edu>

danielx wrote:

> I'm sure you will hear this many times, but that's a great choice ;). I
> really think you'll like Learning Python from O'Reilly Press. The
> authors claim you can read the book even with no prior programming
> experience, which seems plausible having read it. Of course, you
> already have some programming experience, so it should go much more
> smoothly with you. Good luck finding the right book!

I second this, as usual. Learning Python (2nd ed.) is excellent and all 
you need to get started.

But for GUI programming, you'll need more. Tkinter comes with Python and 
is usually considered easy to start using. After a few days with it, I 
decided to simply go all out and learn wxPython instead (wxPython in 
Action is a great book). wxPython is a lot easier than I thought it 
would be, and a much more complete toolkit.

But I think the usual caveat for GUI programming is, is it necessary? 
Would it work just as well to make a website interface to do your work, 
rather than spend the time learning a GUI toolkit and creating a GUI app?


From redberg at laika.com  Mon Jul 17 20:42:08 2006
From: redberg at laika.com (Roger Edberg)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:42:08 -0700
Subject: embedding python in a plugin
Message-ID: <1153183328.24756.16.camel@crosstie.v10.wvs>

Hi,

I'm developing a linux plugin to a CG package that embeds a Python
interpreter. The plugin.so requires a companion plugin.sog file in its
directory to allow module imports; imports fail without the .sog file.

Can somebody please explain what the .sog file does and why it is
needed? I can't find any mention of this in the extending/embedding docs
or the CG package documentation.  Or is this a linux thing?

Thanks,
Roger


From nogradi at gmail.com  Sun Jul 16 11:19:24 2006
From: nogradi at gmail.com (Daniel Nogradi)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 17:19:24 +0200
Subject: instantiate all subclasses of a class
In-Reply-To: <1153058995.513149.244080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8226.1153050094.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153058995.513149.244080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <5f56302b0607160819j35b632f3sba9ea30eed1c37c7@mail.gmail.com>

> > What is the simplest way to instantiate all classes that are
> > subclasses of a given class in a module?
> >
> > More precisely I have a module m with some content:
> >
> > # m.py
> > class A:
> >     pass
> > class x( A ):
> >     pass
> > class y( A ):
> >     pass
> > # all kinds of other objects follow
> > # end of m.py
> >
> > and then in another module I have currently:
> >
> > # n.py
> > import m
> > x = m.x( )
> > y = m.y( )
> > # end of n.py
> >
> > and would like to automate this in a way that results in having
> > instances of classes from m in n whose names are the same as the
> > classes themselves. But I only would like to do this with classes that
> > are subclasses of A.
> >
> > Any ideas?
>
> It's pretty easy
>
>
> import m
> from inspect import getmembers, isclass, getmro
>
> t = '%s = m.%s()'
>
> for name, class_ in getmembers(m, isclass):
>     if class_ is m.A:
>         continue
>     if m.A in getmro(class_):
>         exec t % (name, name)
>

Actually, this variant also suffers from the broken isclass implementation.

(Simon, sorry for the double post.)


From cdsmith at twu.net  Mon Jul 17 13:03:20 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 11:03:20 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>
	<1153153626.781332.263490@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f2570c1692d9dd698969f@news.altopia.net>

Marshall <marshall.spight at gmail.com> wrote:
> We seem to have slipped back from the hypothetical relation language
> with only assignement back to SQL.

I missed the point where we started discussing such a language.  I 
suspect it was while some of us were still operating under the 
misconception that you assignment to attributes of tuples, rather than 
to entire relations.

I don't see how such a language (limited to assignment of entire 
relations) is particularly helpful to consider.  If the relations are to 
be considered opaque, then there's clearly no aliasing going on.  
However, such a language doesn't seem to solve any actual problems.  It 
appears to be nothing other than a toy language, with a fixed finite set 
of variables having only value semantics, no scope, etc.  I assume that 
relational databases will have the equivalent of SQL's update statement; 
and if that's not the case, then I would need someone to explain how to 
accomplish the same goals in the new relational language; i.e. it would 
need some way of expressing transformations of relations, not just 
complete replacement of them with new relations that are assumed to 
appear out of thin air.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From mikeminer53 at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 13 18:41:31 2006
From: mikeminer53 at hotmail.com (mkPyVS)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 15:41:31 -0700
Subject: Line by line execution of python code
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8141.1152815691.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8141.1152815691.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152830491.026341.3430@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Try this... slightly more complex but get's the job done-> added some
wait state in the user program/thread so it didn't kill the output
stream... Enjoy

import thread, sys, time

def someUserProgram(mutexRef):
        while 1:
                mutexRef.acquire()
                print "I am a user program"
                mutexRef.release()
                time.sleep(1)

class main:
        def __init__(self):
                self.mutex = thread.allocate_lock()
                self.someProgram = None

        def mainProgram(self,someUserProgram):

                self.someProgram = someUserProgram
                self.executeOneStatement(self.someProgram)

                inval = ''
                while not inval == 'q':
                        inval = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
                        print "Doing some stuff here"
                thread.exit()

        def executeOneStatement(self,program):
                thread.start_new(program, (self.mutex,))



l = main()

l.mainProgram(someUserProgram)
Justin Powell wrote:
> Hi, I'm looking for suggestions on how to accomplish something in python.  If
> this is the wrong list for such things, I appologize and please disregard the
> rest.
>
> My application needs to allow users to create scripts which will be executed
> in a statement-by-statement fashion.  Here's a little pseudo-code:
>
> def someUserProgram():
> 	while 1:
> 		print "I am a user program"
>
> def mainProgram():
> 	someProgram = someUserProgram
> 	while 1:
> 		print "Doing some stuff here"
> 		executeOneStatement(someProgram)
>
> def executeOneStatement(program):
> 	# What goes in here?
>
> I would expect the output to look like this:
>
> Doing some stuff here
> Doing some stuff here
> I am a sub program
> Doing some stuff here
> Doing some stuff here
> I am a sub program
> etc.
>
> It's possible to use generators to accomplish this, but unfortunately a
> state-ment by statement executing would require that every other statement is
> a yield.  That would either force the users to put in a yield after every
> statement, or require a mechanism that parses the source and inserts yield
> statement before execution.  Neither of these are really satisfactory
>
> The other methods I've considered for doing this cleanly (subclassing the
> debugger, or the interactive interpreter) seem to revolve around sys.settrace
> and a callback trace function. I couldn't figure out a way to use this
> mechanism to resume the main loop from the trace function, and then also
> resume the user program the next time around, without the call stack just
> spiraling out of control.
>
> Anybody have a solution to this?  I've done a bit of searching, looking
> through python docs and sources and so forth, and I'm pretty stumped at this
> point.
>
> Thanks.
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Tired of spam?  Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around
> http://mail.yahoo.com



From daftspaniel at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 15:43:53 2006
From: daftspaniel at gmail.com (daftspaniel at gmail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 12:43:53 -0700
Subject: New Project - Pythoncard Backup Program
Message-ID: <1153165433.555426.325390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Pythoncard powered Backup program.
http://www.latedecember.com/sites/software/LDBackup/

This is a small simple project to encourage newbies to get involved in
Open Source, learn more Python(card) and to give me some experience in
running a project.  It is also a handy tool which I have used for
months to backup my files :-)

Cross-platform support is high on the TODO list. Check out the
LDBackup page for more details. Windows installer is nearly ready for
release too but I held back on that one as this is a development
release.

One Mac User has expressed an interest so that's a start on the cross
platform goal :-) Only tested on XP so far.

Thanks,
Davy Mitchell

Mood News
 - BBC News Headlines Auto-Classified as   Good,   Bad or   Neutral.
 http://www.latedecember.com/sites/moodnews/



From not at valid.com  Wed Jul 26 17:38:30 2006
From: not at valid.com (squid)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 23:38:30 +0200
Subject: xmlrpclib and methods declared at runtime
References: <535dc250ifvp3pokupb44e0nj3o4erbvil@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8565.1153919888.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <r81fc29r9amaouj3uilrilv5eb24qnbvgn@4ax.com>

On Wed, 26 Jul 2006 09:08:55 -0400, Brett g Porter <bgporter at acm.org>
wrote:

<snip>

Brett,

Thanks a bunch for the explanation!



Regards,
squid.


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sun Jul 30 18:07:57 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 17:07:57 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<7xbqr6lp9e.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <m7azg.1566$W93.336@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> I'm using python to prototype the algo: this will move to C in an
>> embedded system where an int has 16 bits - I do not wish to use any
>> python library.
>> 
>> l1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,8] #represents the decimal number 12345678
> 
> This is untested, but should give you the idea:
> 
> First, convert that list to a decimal digit string:
> 
>    s = ''.join(map(str, l1))
> 
> Then convert the string to an integer:
> 
>    n = int(s)    # base 10 is the default
> 
> Then convert the integer to a hex digit string:
> 
>    h = '%X' % n
> 
> Finally, convert the hex digit string to a list of integer values of the
> individual digits:
> 
>    vlist = [int(d, 16) for d in h]
> 
> This is the list you want.
> 
> If you prefer, You can do it all in one line:
> 
>    vlist = [int(d, 16) for d in ('%X' % int(''.join(map(str, l1))))]

Thanks Paul,

I'm just using Python to prototype, so I cannot use any of these great
features of the language.

Regards,

Philippe



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Fri Jul 14 08:42:16 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 05:42:16 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <e981cp$j10$03$1@news.t-online.com>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152822699.790740.49150@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<e981cp$j10$03$1@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1152880936.027040.143220@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Peter Otten:
> which is almost identical to the last example in
> http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html

I see, thank you. I haven't had enoug time and brain to fix it (and the
OP question seemed like homework, so leaving some other things to do is
positive).

I think still that too much clever code can be bad, it isn't easy to
understand, fix and modify if you need something a little different.
To solve such problem in 'production code' I probably prefer a longer
function like the one I have shown.

Bye,
bearophile



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Tue Jul 11 14:54:42 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 11:54:42 -0700
Subject: python-base rpm
Message-ID: <0b0101c6a51b$78a42080$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

in trying to find the FC rpms for python-base, i can only seem to find rpms
for mandrake....

can these rpms be used for FC4?

would someone know of source rpms for python-base?

thanks

-bruce



From thorley at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 18:00:37 2006
From: thorley at gmail.com (thorley at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 15:00:37 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
In-Reply-To: <rvOdnVYkCOKDJzPZnZ2dnUVZ_rudnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <pIOdnXuMecWqoTDZnZ2dnUVZ_vCdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152208796.775936.45260@k73g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Do6dnSDX2c7GeTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rydnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1152298657.917751.114450@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<rvOdnVYkCOKDJzPZnZ2dnUVZ_rudnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152309637.749568.194110@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Just thought I'd mention it. As stated in some posts I put on the list
in the last few days, I'm working on a FastCGI server for python. Of
course its not as fast as lighttpd, but I think it still has many
applications. I've currently got a *very* simple prototype, but I
expect the finished module to subclass BaseHTTPRequestHandler and work
similar to the CGIHTTPServer module.

I'll let everyone know when its ready, and you can try it out if you
like ;)
--
mthorley



From alainpoint at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 27 16:46:53 2006
From: alainpoint at yahoo.fr (alainpoint at yahoo.fr)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 13:46:53 -0700
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154032574.156596.32870@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1154032574.156596.32870@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154033213.333134.104190@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Noah Roberts wrote:
> What happens if you print Parent.getcount() now?

You still get 2 since there is no new instance of Parent that was
created.

Alain



From bayazee at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:10:32 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:10:32 -0700
Subject: CPU or MB Serial number
In-Reply-To: <1152629035.898337.159670@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152619140.468721.124580@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152629035.898337.159670@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152641432.212846.102570@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

ThanX for your clear answer !
but what we can do in linux ?

-------------------------------------------------
first iranian python community --> www.python.ir



From tim.golden at viacom-outdoor.co.uk  Thu Jul 27 10:14:56 2006
From: tim.golden at viacom-outdoor.co.uk (Tim Golden)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:14:56 +0100
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
Message-ID: <CCAC78D42E32184F8E26DC163DB98306C1B312@vogbs009.gb.vo.local>

[schwehr at gmail.com]
| Sent: 27 July 2006 15:01
| To: python-list at python.org
| Subject: Re: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
| 
| Thanks Tim!  That works well.  As a followup, is there a standard
| compliant way to ask what fields are in the table?
| 
| -kurt

Assuming this is what you meant, look at:

http://sqlite.org/pragma.html

specifically at PRAGMA table_info

So, in python:

<python>
from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite

db = sqlite.connect (":memory:")
db.row_factory = sqlite.Row

db.execute ("CREATE TABLE x (i INTEGER, code VARCHAR (10), name VARCHAR
(60))")

for row in db.execute ("PRAGMA TABLE_INFO ('x')"):
  print row['name'], row['type']

</python>

TJG

________________________________________________________________________
This e-mail has been scanned for all viruses by Star. The
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From danielmarkhot at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 14:44:47 2006
From: danielmarkhot at gmail.com (Daniel Mark)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 11:44:47 -0700
Subject: Why XP can not run Python after being setting the PATH?
In-Reply-To: <1154063465.925458.227040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154063194.224649.110810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1154063465.925458.227040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154112287.658385.308720@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hello Ray:

Python is on my Path list as follows:

C:\Program Files\Python24>echo %path%
C:\Program
Files\texmf\miktex\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\cygwin\usr\local\bin;c:\cygwin\bin;C:\P
rogram Files\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\bin;C:\Program
Files\gp400win32\gnuplot\bi
n;C:\Program Files\Python24;C:\Program Files\j2sdk1.4.2_09\bin;

So I don't think that is the real problem:)
thank you



Ray wrote:
> By any chance the command window hasn't been restarted after you've
> changed the PATH? Strange that looks OK.
>
> If you do  echo %PATH% what does it tell you, is Python there?
>
> Cheers
> Ray
>
> Daniel Mark wrote:
> > Hello all:
> >
> > I have set the PATH for Python as follows:
> >
> > My Computer->Properties->Advanced->Environment Variables->System
> > Variables->Path
> >
> > ...; C:\Program Files\Python24;
> >
> > Then I try to run python under command line
> >
> > C:\>python
> >
> > C:\>python.exe
> >
> > I got nothing:)
> >
> > It works iff I run as follows:
> >
> > C:\>"Program Files\Python24\python.exe"
> > Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> > on win32
> > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> > >>>
> >
> > My question is how I can set the path so that the XP can run python
> > without the full path?
> > 
> > 
> > Thank you very much
> > -Daniel



From robert.kern at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 20:57:43 2006
From: robert.kern at gmail.com (Robert Kern)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:57:43 -0500
Subject: realine not found error
In-Reply-To: <1281986.ul55GTaPfd@teancum>
References: <1281986.ul55GTaPfd@teancum>
Message-ID: <eam8to$u5r$1@sea.gmane.org>

David Bear wrote:
> I built python 2.4.2 for suse linux 9.3. I configured it to be a separate
> instance of python from the version packaged with suse.
> 
> Now when I start it I get an error:
> python
> Python 2.4.2 (#4, Jul 27 2006, 14:34:30)
> [GCC 3.3.5 20050117 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "/etc/pythonstart", line 7, in ?
>     import readline
> ImportError: No module named readline
> 
> however, I do have readline installed:
> 
> rpm -qa | grep readline
> readline-5.0-7.2
> readline-32bit-9.3-7.1
> 
> it id truly does exist:
> 
> locate readline 
> ...
> /lib/libreadline.so.5
> /lib/libreadline.so.5.0
> /lib64/libreadline.so.5
> /lib64/libreadline.so.5.0

However, these are not the Python readline module. The Suse package for it is 
probably called python-readline or something like that.

-- 
Robert Kern

"I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma
  that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had
  an underlying truth."
   -- Umberto Eco



From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 11 11:18:26 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 15:18:26 +0000
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152624099.633148.294780@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.11.14.33.41.292774@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152629752.824822.147230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <23sco3-fbe.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1152629752.824822.147230 at b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>,
iapain <iapain at gmail.com> wrote:
			.
			.
			.
>Does that mean there is no way to implement restricted enviorment?
			.
			.
			.
The most knowledgeable people have effectively given up, in
regard to Python.

As it happens, though, Tcl *does* admit quite an interesting
restricted-execution model.  Tcl was widely used in the '90s
for "agent" experiments, and its "safe interpreters" are 
arguably more reliable than Java's restricted environment.
Tcl is also roughly comparable to Python in its power and
convenience for the individual developer.  Should you want to
pursue this subject, <URL: http://wiki.tcl.tk/safe > and <URL:
http://wiki.tcl.tk/interp > might interest you.


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 26 10:59:43 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 14:59:43 GMT
Subject: wxpython: Timer object not working, or just me?
Message-ID: <zrLxg.2583$No6.51082@news.tufts.edu>

I'd be curious to know if this works any differently on other 
computers/platforms or while other things are happening in the 
background. I can't tell if it's the Timer object that isn't keep 
accurate time (although a test with time.time() seems to show that it 
is), or if I'm just messing up my algorithm to fill the progress bar. If 
I put in 10 seconds, the progress bar will be fully filled at the end, 
but if you put 30, it doesn't. As the number gets higher, the less the 
bar gets filled when it's done running. (52 seconds only fills half the 
bar at the end!)

Hopefully someone can look at my logic (mostly in the OnTimer method) 
and see right away how I'm screwing this up.

Thanks.

-------------------------

import wx


class MyTimer(wx.Frame):

     def __init__(self):
         wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, wx.ID_ANY,
                           style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.RESIZE_BORDER)
         panel = wx.Panel(self)

         mainSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
         inputSizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)

         self.minutesPassed = 1
         self.progress = wx.Gauge(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 100, size=(300, 20))
         self.status = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Enter a time.')
         prompt = wx.StaticText(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Time to wait:')
         self.input = wx.TextCtrl(panel, wx.ID_ANY, '30', size=(20, 20))
         self.start = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Start')
         self.reset = wx.Button(panel, wx.ID_ANY, 'Reset')
         self.reset.Disable()
         self.timer = wx.Timer(self)

         mainSizer.Add(self.progress, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL ^ 
wx.BOTTOM,
                       border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(self.status, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 
border=10)
         mainSizer.Add(inputSizer, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.BOTTOM, 
border=10)
         inputSizer.Add(prompt, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(self.input, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.LEFT | 
wx.RIGHT,
                        border=5)
         inputSizer.Add(self.start, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
         inputSizer.Add(self.reset, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)

         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnStart, self.input)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnStart, self.start)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.OnTimer, self.timer)
         self.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.OnReset, self.reset)

         panel.SetSizer(mainSizer)
         mainSizer.Fit(self)

     def OnStart(self, event):
         self.time = int(self.input.GetValue())
         self.countdown = self.time - 1
         self.start.Disable()
         self.reset.Enable()
         self.input.Disable()
         self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes remaining.' % self.time)
         self.timer.Start(1000)

     def OnReset(self, event):
         self.input.Clear()
         self.status.SetLabel('Enter a new time.')
         self.progress.SetValue(0)
         self.input.Enable()
         self.minutesPassed = 1

     def OnTimer(self, event):
         if self.countdown != 0:
             #print self.minutesPassed, self.countdown
             self.progress.SetValue(self.minutesPassed * (100 / self.time))
             self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes remaining.' % self.countdown)
             self.minutesPassed += 1
             self.countdown -= 1
         else:
             self.progress.SetValue(self.minutesPassed * (100 / self.time))
             self.status.SetLabel('%s minutes have elapsed.' % self.time)


class MyApp(wx.App):

     def OnInit(self):
         frame = MyTimer()
         self.SetTopWindow(frame)
         frame.Show()
         return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
     app = MyApp(False)
     app.MainLoop()


From iainking at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:17:28 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:17:28 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
In-Reply-To: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Roman wrote:
> I would appreciate it if somebody could tell me where I went wrong in
> the following snipet:
>
> When I run I get no result
>
> cnt = 0
> p=[]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     for col in line:
>        p[:0].append(str(col))

What are you trying to do here?  p[:0]  returns a new list, of all the
elements in p up to element 0 (which is of course the empty list),
which is then appended to, but is not stored anywhere.  If you want to
insert str(col) then use p.insert


Iain



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Fri Jul  7 20:23:04 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 02:23:04 +0200
Subject: inheritance, types, operator overload, head ache
In-Reply-To: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152308340.467711.83100@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44aef9ad$0$16636$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

thorley at gmail.com a ?crit :
> I'm working with the following code. I included some tests to make it
> easy to see--if you run the code--what troubles I'm having.
> 
> Can some one *please* splain me why str(obj) works but not print obj,

May have something to do with escape chars... I tried with:
   def __str__(self):
      return repr(self)

and it did the trick for printing. Now it may have other side-effects, I 
don't know.

> and why obj.__int__() works, but not int(obj). 

I've added tracing to  __int__, and it isn't called. FWIW, str type has 
no attribute __int__, so I guess there's something special in the 
implementation here.

> I just don't get it. :(

FWIW, you have another problem to solve:

>>> b1 = Byte(1)
>>> b1
'\x01'
>>> b1.__int__()
1
>>> b2 = Byte(2)
>>> b2
'\x02'
>>> b2.__int__()
2
 >>> b1.__int__()
2

cf below...

(snip)
> 
> <code>
> import struct
> class Byte(str): # Implement Bytes as str for easy adding and joining
(snip)
>     def __new__(self, val):

Actually, __new__ is a static method, and it takes the class as first 
argument. So...	

>         if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
>             val = struct.unpack('B', val) #ensure input is valid struct
> byte
>         self._byte = struct.pack('B', val)
>         self._int = int(val)

.. since the name "self" really references the class, not the instance, 
the two previous lines (re)bind *class* attributes "_byte" and "_int" to 
class Byte.

>         return str.__new__(self, self._byte)

What you want here is to first create the instance, and only then bind 
to it:

     def __new__(cls, val):
         if type(val) == str and not val.isdigit():
             val = struct.unpack('B', val)
         _byte = struct.pack('B', val)
         self = str.__new__(cls, _byte)
         self._byte = _byte
         self._int = int(val)
         return self

(snip)


From luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt  Fri Jul  7 13:43:48 2006
From: luis_lupe2XXX at netvisaoXXX.pt (Luis P. Mendes)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 18:43:48 +0100
Subject: pyXLWriter - grid lines and if formula
Message-ID: <44ae9cba$0$15789$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>

Hi,

I know that pyExelerator is the supported project now, but I can't use
it because I'd need it to generate files from a web platform. Since I
can not save a file to a file-like object, I have to use pyXLWriter.

The problems are:
1- how to turn off/on the grid lines of each sheet?
2- I tried to build a simple 'if' formula but couldn't.  Is it my
problem or pyXLWriter's problem?  If the former, is it possible to post
an example?

TIA
Luis P. Mendes


From gblais at cox.net  Wed Jul 12 22:46:56 2006
From: gblais at cox.net (gblais at cox.net)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 02:46:56 GMT
Subject: statistical analysis tools in python?
References: <1152754177.889845.133820@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8095.1152756228.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e94c6r02a6l@news3.newsguy.com>

And there is a python interface to R, so that you can call R routines from
Python.  R is a free stat language that has all the tests you've mentioned,

Gerry


From matt.horizon5 at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 17:15:18 2006
From: matt.horizon5 at gmail.com (horizon5)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 14:15:18 -0700
Subject: Relying on the behaviour of empty container in conditional
	statements
In-Reply-To: <1cTsg.531610$9z4.12985458@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
References: <1152618762.071148.126150@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152641636.348526.20480@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1cTsg.531610$9z4.12985458@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
Message-ID: <1152652518.390103.55560@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Interesting replies, thank you all.
Since the language defines the bahviour, I'm all for  using it (when
appropriate).

> there is no distinction between seq is None on the one hand and seq
> being a valid empty sequence on the other hand.
>
> I feel that that is an import distinction, and it's the reason I find
> myself using len() from time to time (even though I can't think of a use
> case right now).

Depends on the context.

def action1(container):
    if container:
        do_something()
    else:
        do_somthing_else()

def action2(mutator):
    container = list()
    mutator(container)
    if container:
        do_something()
    else:
        do_somthing_else()

def action3(container):
     n = len(container)
     if n > 0:
         report("%i items left in container" % n)
     else:
         alert("container is empty")

In these examples;
action1 receives the container, so we *might* have received a None,
thus we would not get an error that we might expect.  The meaning is
lost, so action1 could say:

if container is not None and container:

Or it could be bad design, and one compose do_somthing and
do_something_else to take the container reference and dispatch
accordingly. (these arn't concrete examples so will depend on context).

in action2 however, the function is repsonsible for creating the
container, and thus (with good unit tests as always) we should be able
to assume that mutator does not destroy the reference to container, and
the if is fine.

In action3, we have a use for the lenth of container, so we might as
well use it.

So, imho, there's no problem with using the behaviour of the language,
where appropriate.
As another contributer(s) have mentioned, using the defined behaviour
(as oppsed to invoking len)
can eliviate the need to make as many changes.
The problem for me is: how to communicate the benefits of adhereing to
a language, rather than fighting against it, either because it doesn't
feel right or is not explicit enough for people who may not be aware of
the language's bahviour.  Of course over time, we read docs, and come
to learn to love the things a language gives us (esp. in Python;).

I don't think changing jobs is the answer; who says in the next job I
may have that they won't hire new people who aren't vetern Pythonistas?
 I'm sure the long term solution lies in eductation, but I'm not sure
what the short term solution is.

And don't I sound arrogant? Programmers feel threatended by someone who
has more experience, and feel inadequete (i did at least).  So, perhaps
I should read up on some communication case studies.  Can anyone point
me to such resources?

Thanks



From okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr  Tue Jul  4 07:03:55 2006
From: okorkmaz at havelsan.com.tr (Omer KORKMAZ)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 14:03:55 +0300
Subject: sys.exit call from pythonw.exe gives error
Message-ID: <CDF9DBF39668804188BBA04A91BFCB47FDBACD@albatros.havelsan.intranet>

 

I wrote a python GUI with tkInter and installed it on a windows machine
with the .pyw extension, so it will be executed from pythonw.exe instead
of python.exe, since I didn't want the console window to appear.
My application exits with a call to sys.exit. However, when this call is
executed under pythonw.exe I get an error popup window with the
following messeage:
 
---- start quote ----
Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library
Runtime Error!
Program: C:\Python24\pythonw.exe
 
This application has requested the Runtime to terminate in an unusual
way.
Please contact the application support team for more information
---- end quote ----

 

 

Did you find a solution for this problem?

 

Best Regards,

 

Omer Korkmaz

Ext: 3138

 


Dikkat:
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From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sun Jul 16 08:04:42 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 17:34:42 +0530
Subject: Commercial Programming
In-Reply-To: <4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
References: <WXoug.140972$771.125065@edtnps89>	<7xd5c5iyrb.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<4Bpug.49976$B91.32251@edtnps82>
Message-ID: <44BA2B5A.5040007@tachyontech.net>

Boomshiki wrote:
> And trust me, I am not worried about 16 yr olds using it without paying, why 
> would they want to? I am worried about them cracking in to where their 
> grades are kept. 

what you need is data security... *not* code obfuscation..

[sreeram;]

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From john106henry at hotmail.com  Tue Jul 18 13:51:19 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:51:19 -0700
Subject: Cyclic class definations
Message-ID: <1153245079.426949.321780@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi list,

I am trying to understand better Python packaging.  This might be a
messed up class hierachy but how would I break this cyclic relatioship?

In file A:

from B import B_Class

Class_A_Main():
   def ....
   def SomeMethod(self):
      res=B_Class(self)

Class_A_SubClass(Class_A_Main):
   def ...


In file B:

Class B_Class():
   def __init__(self,parent):
      ...
   def SomeMethod(self):
      res=C_Class(self)


In file C:

from file A import Class_A_SubClass

Class C_Class(Class_A_SubClass):
   def __init__(self, parent):
      ...


As you can see, the cyclic relationship exists because C_Class is a
sub-class of SubClass which is in turn a sub-class of Class_A_Main and
in one of the methods of Class_A, it has a need to create a C_Class
object.

I tried to merge the files A and C (by placing C_Class behind A_Class)
and have the method in A_Class create C_Class directly but that doesn't
work because Python says C_Class is not defined when it's processing
the A_Class method.   May be somebody can tell me how to "forward
declare" a class?

Regards,



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 26 00:18:01 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 21:18:01 -0700
Subject: building an index for large text files for fast access
References: <mailman.8511.1153807554.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153887481.212061.161780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Yi Xing wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I need to read specific lines of huge text files. Each time, I know
> exactly which line(s) I want to read. readlines() or readline() in a
> loop is just too slow. Since different lines have different size, I
> cannot use seek(). So I am thinking of building an index for the file
> for fast access. Can anybody give me some tips on how to do this in
> Python? Thanks.
>
> Yi

I had to do this for some large log files.  I wrote one simple script
to generate the index file and another that used the index file to read
lines from the log file.  Here are (slightly cleaned up for clarity)
the two scripts.  (Note that they'll only work with files less than
4,294,967,296 bytes long..  If your files are larger than that
substitute 'Q' for 'L' in the struct formats.)

First, genoffsets.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
Write the byte offset of each line.
'''
import fileinput
import struct
import sys

def f(n): return struct.pack('L', n)

def main():
    total = 0

    # Main processing..
    for n, line in enumerate(fileinput.input()):

        sys.stdout.write(f(total))

        total += len(line)

        # Status output.
        if not n % 1000:
            print >> sys.stderr, '%i lines processed' % n

    print >> sys.stderr, '%i lines processed' % (n + 1)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()


You use it (on linux) like so:
cat large_file | ./genoffsets.py > index.dat

And here's the getline.py script:
#!/usr/bin/env python
'''
Usage: "getline.py <datafile> <indexfile> <num>"

Prints line num from datafile using indexfile.
'''
import struct
import sys

fmt = 'L'
fmt_size = struct.calcsize(fmt)


def F(n, fn):
    '''
    Return the byte offset of line n from index file fn.
    '''
    f = open(fn)

    try:
        f.seek(n * fmt_size)
        data = f.read(fmt_size)
    finally:
        f.close()

    return struct.unpack(fmt, data)[0]


def getline(n, data_file, index_file):
    '''
    Return line n from data file using index file.
    '''
    n = F(n, index_file)
    f = open(data_file)

    try:
        f.seek(n)
        data = f.readline()
    finally:
        f.close()

    return data


if __name__ == '__main__':
    dfn, ifn, lineno = sys.argv[-3:]
    n = int(lineno)
    print getline(n, dfn, ifn)



Hope this helps,
~Simon



From nospam at invalid.com  Thu Jul  6 23:26:57 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 20:26:57 -0700
Subject: Looking for a high performance web server written in Python,
	and supports CGI/FastCGI
References: <mailman.7867.1152204420.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <A_ydnaVkQq8ySTDZnZ2dnUVZ_rydnZ2d@comcast.com>

To be honest, I'm not sure what kind of performance I can get even
with medusa or twisted. I assume it won't be as fast as servers
written in C/C++ and use async sockets, but should be much better than
multi-processed or multi-threaded servers in written in Python.

Not sure if anyone else has an idea about medusa or twisted performance.
Any chance that it's close to Apache?

But even so, I guess I may still have to go with lighttpd for FastCGI/
CGI/SCGI support.

> You haven't really said much about your requirements though.  Perhaps
> if you describe them in more detail (for example, what does "high
> performance" mean to you?) someone can make a more useful recommendation.
>
> Jean-Paul 




From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul 29 02:26:26 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 08:26:26 +0200
Subject: sending bytes to parallel port
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8689.1154150569.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8683.1154128867.27775.python-list@python.org>	<12clhmj6af2kh07@corp.supernews.com>	<mailman.8687.1154145316.27775.python-list@python.org>	<k0rlc2d9ruvu6ufssupja2to0rnll3740j@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8689.1154150569.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4j0dcjF5njkrU1@uni-berlin.de>

> 
>  >>> fd = open('/dev/ppi0','w')
>  >>> fcntl.ioctl(fd.fileno(),'PPISCTRL',10000000)
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
> TypeError: an integer is required
> 
> i guess i'm failing to properly define the int i need for the 8byte 
> value ineed to send the port to set pins high /low

Python doesn't know about PPISCTRL - it has no way of knowing all 
"secret", OS-specific constants for ioctl-calls.

So, you need to figure out the numeric value of that constant .- look it 
up in the appropriate header-file.

Then, you do have the next problem with passing that 10000000 value of 
yours. ioctl expects strings or buffers as parameters which contain a 
byte-representation of the value you want to set. This is an snippet I 
use to read the event device capabilities under linnux:


buf = array.array('c', [' ' for i in xrange(EV_MAX / 8 + 1)])
fcntl.ioctl(self._fd, EVIOCGBIT(0, len(buf)), buf, True)
caps = struct.unpack("I", buf)[0]

HTH,

Diez


From xan2 at ono.com  Fri Jul 28 06:21:44 2006
From: xan2 at ono.com (xan2 at ono.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 03:21:44 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
In-Reply-To: <0pidnakssqn5xlTZnZ2dnUVZ_oadnZ2d@comcast.com>
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<vMadnVNi4o_pFVrZnZ2dnUVZ_radnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<1153934973.413382.214640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0pidnakssqn5xlTZnZ2dnUVZ_oadnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1154082104.208516.113120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Jack wrote:
> No, it's very low level :)
> Please post back if you find a good solution (or have built something that
> you want to
> open source :)
>

The same if you find or create it

Xan.

> > Well, thanks, but I think it's so few for beginning..... ,-(
> > Is it not any high-level DNS class? Errrr!!!
> >
> > Regards,
> > Xan.
> >
> > Jack wrote:
> >> I was looking for something like that. I came across this:
> >> http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/491264
> >> It's not ready to use but you can modify it.



From deets at nospam.web.de  Sat Jul 29 06:15:55 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 12:15:55 +0200
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>	<mailman.8682.1154125949.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1154137412.157812.311670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8696.1154164739.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4j0qquF5rafiU1@uni-berlin.de>

> Synaptic is using aptitude as back-end (this is serious).

No. It uses apt.

> I also find deb system being the best. Managed with aptitude, not apt.
> Windows is definitely worth the effort.

aptitude as well as synaptic both depend transitive upon debconf, which 
depends on apt.

Use

apt-cache dotty synaptic

to explore the dependency-graph.

Diez


From gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 02:42:27 2006
From: gaurav.agarwal1904 at gmail.com (Gaurav Agarwal)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:42:27 -0700
Subject: converting file formats to txt
Message-ID: <1151995347.533312.99390@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

Am looking for a python script that can convert fileformats to txt
format. Am unable to find anything in python. Currently the InfoCon
projects looks pretty good to use, but it is return in java.

Thanks and Regards,
Gaurav Agarwal



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 08:24:32 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 05:24:32 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc50d8$1@news.eftel.com>
	<1153214558.458254.247010@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bccc27$1@news.eftel.com>
Message-ID: <1153225472.631180.252090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

John Machin wrote:
>
> range() and xrange() are functions. You are suggesting that 2
> *functions* should acquire a __contains__ method each? I trust not.

Well, range is a function in the current implementation, although its
usage is similar to that one would get if it were a class, particularly
a subclass of list or one providing a list-style interface. With such a
class, you could provide a __contains__ method which could answer the
question of what the range contains based on the semantics guaranteed
by a range (in contrast to a normal list).

> Perhaps you meant that the acquisitors should be the objects that those
> functions return.

The whole point was to avoid expanding the range into a list.

[...]

> A __contains__ method for xrange objects? The case of x in xrange(lo,
> hi) is met by lo <= x < hi. IMHO, anyone who wants x in xrange(lo, hi,
> step) should be encouraged to do the necessary algebra themselves; I
> wouldn't suggest that any core dev time be wasted on implementing such
> folderol.

Sure, you could always implement your own class to behave like an
existing range and to implement the efficient semantics proposed above.

> In any case, isn't the *whole* xrange gizmoid on GvR's I-wish-I-hadn't list?

Yes, he wants range to return an iterator, just like xrange more or
less does now. Given that xrange objects support __getitem__, unlike a
lot of other iterators (and, of course, generators), adding
__contains__ wouldn't be much of a hardship. Certainly, compared to
other notational conveniences bounced around on the various development
lists, this one would probably provide an order of magnitude
improvement on the usual bang per buck development ratio.

Paul



From tmp1 at reifenberg.de  Sat Jul 15 05:03:36 2006
From: tmp1 at reifenberg.de (Nebur)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 02:03:36 -0700
Subject: attaching debugger to runinng python program
References: <mridna3DF7CjfyvZnZ2dnUVZ_o-dnZ2d@comcast.com>
Message-ID: <1152954216.110842.120670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

You may try winpdb.
I find it to be a comfortable debugger that also can attach to running
programs. (You need to add a line in your code where the program should
stop and wait for the debugger to attach.)
I am satisfied with it, but I did not debug a multi theaded app.
However, it can handle threads. I'd be glad to later hear whether it
did what you need, or not:

http://www.digitalpeers.com/pythondebugger/threads.htm

Regards, Ruben



From aleax at mac.com  Wed Jul 19 10:26:34 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 07:26:34 -0700
Subject: Number combinations
References: <1153317683.947839.97340@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hipomw.1l5h1gwqaj3olN%aleax@mac.com>

placid <Bulkan at gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi all,
> 
> Just wondering if there is a better way of generating a 4 digit number
> (that gets converted to a string), ive got the following code which
> generates strings between 0000-9999.
> 
> <code>
> 
> for a in range(0,10):
>     for b in range(0,10):
>         for c in range(0,10):
>             for d in range(0,10):
>                 print "%s%s%s%s" %(str(a), str(b), str(c),str(d)

for n in xrange(10000):
    print "%4.4d" % n


Alex


From martin at v.loewis.de  Tue Jul 25 13:44:10 2006
From: martin at v.loewis.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=22Martin_v=2E_L=F6wis=22?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:44:10 +0200
Subject: Generating all possible combination of elements in a list
In-Reply-To: <1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153685497.627104.86850@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c3ef12$0$7030$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>
	<1153735867.528458.216500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c6586b$0$16181$9b622d9e@news.freenet.de>

Mir Nazim wrote:
> condition are there cannot be more than 3 consecutive 2's or 1's
> 
>> If the task is to produce all distinct permutations of 6 occurrences
>> of 1 and 6 occurrences of 2, I suggest the program below. It needs
>> produces much fewer than 12! results (namely, 924).
>>
> 
> Yes that number I had already worked out and it is 792 for second list.
> Now I have generated all distinct permutations and after eliminating
> the permutations based on above condition I am left with 1060
> permutations.

Again, I don't understand. You have 924 things, eliminate some of them,
and end up with 1060 things? Eliminating elements should decrease
the number, not increase it.

> Now I ahave a lits with 1060 lists in it. Now comes the hard part.
> How many possible distinct ways are there to arrange 1060 elements
> taken 96 at a time
> 
> 1060! / (1060 - 96)!

Well, this gives you

3179049214270213494856036082395246272767603703117029227219760559555570970143122666905356954926552940841376332310832740817342891028120773779767941521978678527871167070887214646849981846725146620998653633794832176123350796907123110479415043912870243292225353946234880000000000000000000000000

lists. Assuming you have a 4GHz machine, and assuming you can
process one element per processor cycle (which you can't in
any programming language), you would still need

25201747322664680800165176959627459671229735089398062747493028281611261495934191613595232075457833435132676404036916070660062238617142105686897050370835541348547430483314423570284610022871849798632147655019915145574508473705630949386534784951089574551507435520000000000000

years to process them all. Even if you had 10000000000
computers (i.e. one per human being on the planet), you
still need ... you get the idea.

> Now out of these i need to test only those lists whose sum of
> elements(18 or 19) follows a particular pattern.

To succeed, you must take this condition into account.
What is the particular pattern?

Regards,
Martin


From slidermansliderman at slidemail.com  Tue Jul 18 01:51:48 2006
From: slidermansliderman at slidemail.com (slidermansliderman at slidemail.com)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 22:51:48 -0700
Subject: Help me
Message-ID: <1153201908.030581.66900@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Simple though but how do you check your internet connection by Python ?



From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 19:31:10 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 17:31:10 -0600
Subject: python-dev Summary for 2006-06-01 through 2006-06-15
Message-ID: <d11dcfba0607061631w82e9462u3d2bc37498591a59@mail.gmail.com>

python-dev Summary for 2006-06-01 through 2006-06-15
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

.. contents::

[The HTML version of this Summary is available at
http://www.python.org/dev/summary/2006-06-01_2006-06-15]



=============
Announcements
=============

-------------------
Python 2.5 schedule
-------------------

Python 2.5 is moving steadily towards its next release.  See `PEP
356`_ for more details and the full schedule.

.. _PEP 356: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0356/

Contributing threads:

- `beta1 coming real soon
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065729.html>`__
- `2.5 issues need resolving in a few days
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065730.html>`__

-----------------------------------------------
Request for Bug Trackers to replace SourceForge
-----------------------------------------------

The Python Software Foundation's Infrastructure committee asked for
suggestions for tracker systems that could replace SourceForge. The
minimum requirements are:

* Can import SourceForge data
* Can export data
* Has an email interface

and if you'd like to suggest a particular tracker system all you need to do is:

* Install a test tracker
* Import the `SourceForge data dump`_
* Make the `Infrastructure committee members`_ administrators of the tracker
* Add your tracker to the `wiki page`_
* Email `the Infrastructure committee`_

Be sure to check the `wiki page`_ for additional information.

.. _SourceForge data dump: http://effbot.org/zone/sandbox-sourceforge.htm
.. _Infrastructure committee members:
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonSoftwareFoundationCommittees#infrastructure-committee-ic
.. _wiki page: http://wiki.python.org/moin/CallForTrackers
.. _the Infrastructure committee: infrastructure at python.org

Contributing thread:

- `Request for trackers to evaluate as SF replacement for Python
development <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065597.html>`__


=========
Summaries
=========

--------------------------------------------
Getting more comparable results from pybench
--------------------------------------------

Skip Montanaro mentioned that the NeedForSpeed_ folks had some trouble
with the pybench_ string and unicode tests. In some discussions both
on the checkins list and off-list, Fredrik Lundh had concluded that
stringbench more reliably reported performance than pybench. There was
then a long discussion about how to improve pybench including:

* Using time.clock() on Windows and time.time() on Linux. This was
accompanied by a long debate about whether to use wall-time or process
time.  Both wall time and process time can see interference from other
programs running at the same time; wall time because the time consumed
by other programs running at the same time is also counted, and
process time because it is sampled so that other processes can charge
their time to the running process by using less than a full time
slice. In general, the answer was to use the timer with the best
resolution.

* Using the minimum time rather than the average. Andrew Dalke
explained that timing results do not have a Gaussian distribution
(they have more of a gamma distribution) and provided some graphs
generated on his machine to demonstrate this. Since the slower runs
are typically caused by other things running at the same time (which
is pretty much unpredictable), it's much better to report the fastest
run, which should more consistently approximate the best possible
time.

* Making sure to use an appropriate warp factor. Marc-Andre Lemburg
explained that each testing round of pybench is expected to take
around 20-50 seconds. If rounds are much shorter than this, pybench's
warp factor should be adjusted until they are long enough.

At the end of the thread, Marc-Andre checked in pybench_ 2.0, which
included the improvements suggested above.

.. _NeedForSpeed: http://wiki.python.org/moin/NeedForSpeed
.. _pybench: http://svn.python.org/view/python/trunk/Tools/pybench/
.. _stringbench: http://svn.python.org/view/sandbox/trunk/stringbench/

Contributing threads:

- `Python Benchmarks
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065480.html>`__
- `Python Benchmarks
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065525.html>`__

---------------------------------------
PEP 360: Externally Maintained Packages
---------------------------------------

After checking wsgiref into the Python repository, Phillip J. Eby
requested in `PEP 360`_ that patches to wsgiref be passed to him
before being committed on the trunk. After a number of changes were
committed to the trunk and he had to go through a complicated two-way
merge, he complained that people were not following the posted
procedures. Guido suggested that `PEP 360`_ was a mistake, and that
whenever possible, development for any module in the stdlib should be
done in the Python trunk, not externally. He also requested that the
PEP indicate that even for externally maintained modules, bugfixes and
ordinary maintenance should be allowed on the trunk so that bugs in
external modules don't hold up Python core development.

A number of solutions were discussed for authors of code that is also
distributed standalone. Using svn:externals is mostly undesirable
because svn is much slower at checking whether or not an svn:externals
directory is updated, and because upgrading to a newer version would
require making sure that no changes made by Python developers were
lost in the new version. Phillip suggested adding an "Externals"
directory and modifying Python's setup to invoke all the
``Externals/*/setup.py`` scripts, though this would mean having some
Python code that lives outside of the Lib/ subtree. Barry Warsaw
explained that for the email package, he maintains a directory in the
sandbox with all the distutils and documentation stuff needed for the
standalone releases as well as the email package from the Python
repository through svn:externals. This means having to create some
extra directories (since svn:externals doesn't work with individual
files) and having one checkout per version of Python supported, but
seemed to work pretty well for Barry. People seemed to like Phillip's
Externals idea (possibly renamed to Packages), but work on that was
postponed for Python 2.6.

One of the side benefits of these discussions was that Thomas Heller
generously offered to move ctypes development fully into the Python
repository.

.. _PEP 360: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0360/

Contributing threads:

- `wsgiref documentation
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065576.html>`__
- `wsgiref doc draft; reviews/patches wanted
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065647.html>`__
- `[Web-SIG] wsgiref doc draft; reviews/patches wanted
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065701.html>`__
- `FYI: wsgiref is now checked in
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065767.html>`__
- `Please stop changing wsgiref on the trunk
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065908.html>`__
- `Dropping externally maintained packages (Was: Please stop changing
wsgiref on the trunk)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065919.html>`__
- `External Package Maintenance (was Re: Please stop changing wsgiref
on the trunk) <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065920.html>`__
- `External Package Maintenance
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065937.html>`__
- `rewording PEP 360
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066001.html>`__
- `Updating packages from external ?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066035.html>`__

--------------------------------------
Universally unique identifiers (UUIDs)
--------------------------------------

Ka-Ping Yee was looking to put his `uuid module`_ into Python 2.5. He
addressed a number of requests from the last round of discussions,
including making UUIDs immutable, removing curly braces from the UUID
string and adding the necessary tests to the test suite. Then he asked
about how best to address the fact that ``uuid1()`` required looking
up a MAC address, a potentially slow procedure. At the suggestion of
Fredrik Lundh, he changed the API to allow a MAC address to be passed
in if it was already known. If a MAC address is not passed in to
``uuid1()``, the ``getnode()`` utility function is called, which
searches for the MAC address through a variety of routes, including
some quicker paths through ctypes that Thomas Heller and others helped
Ka-Ping with. The code was checked into the Python trunk.

.. _uuid module: http://zesty.ca/python/uuid.py

Contributing thread:

- `UUID module <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065733.html>`__

-------------------------------------
PEP 275: Switching on Multiple Values
-------------------------------------

Thomas Lee offered up a `patch implementing the switch statement`_
from `PEP 275`_. People brought up a number of concerns with the
implementation (and the switch statement in general). The
implementation didn't allow for any way of allowing multiple values to
be mapped to the same case (without repeating the code in the case).
The implementation also made the switch statement essentially
syntactic sugar for a series of if/elif/else statements, and people
were concerned that just adding another way to write if/elif/else was
not much of a gain for Python. The discussion continued on into the
next fortnight.

.. _patch implementing the switch statement: http://bugs.python.org/1504199
.. _PEP 275: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0275/

Contributing thread:

- `Switch statement
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065827.html>`__

---------------------------------------------------------
The period of the random module's random number generator
---------------------------------------------------------

Alex Martelli noticed a note in random.shuffle.__doc__ which said that
most permutations of a long sequence would never be generated due to
the short period of the random number generator. This turned out to be
an artifact from back when Python used the Whichman-Hill generator
instead of the Mersenne Twister generator it uses currently. There was
some discussion as to whether the comment should be removed or
updated, and Robert Kern pointed out that at sequence lengths of 2081
or greater, the comment was still true. Tim Peters decided it was best
to just remove the comment, explaining that "anyone sophisticated
enough to *understand* an accurate warning correctly would have no
need to be warned".

Contributing thread:

- `a note in random.shuffle.__doc__ ...
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065815.html>`__

-------------------------------------------------------
Pre-PEP: Allow Empty Subscript List Without Parentheses
-------------------------------------------------------

Noam Raphael presented a `pre-PEP for empty subscript lists`_ in
getitem-style access to objects. This would allow zero-dimensional
arrays to work in a similar manner to all other N dimensional arrays,
and make all of the following equivalences hold::

   x[i, j]     <-->  x[(i, j)]
   x[i,]       <-->  x[(i,)]
   x[i]        <-->  x[(i)]
   x[]         <-->  x[()]

Most people felt that zero-dimensional arrays were uncommon enough
that either they could be replaced with simple names, e.g. ``x``, or
could use the currently available syntax, i.e. ``x[()]``.
Zero-dimensional arrays are even uncommon in numpy_ where, after
`rehashing the issue`_ innumerable times, zero-dimensional arrays have
been almost entirely replaced with scalars.

.. _pre-PEP for empty subscript lists:
http://wiki.python.org/moin/EmptySubscriptListPEP
.. _numpy: http://numeric.scipy.org/
.. _rehashing the issue:
http://projects.scipy.org/scipy/numpy/wiki/ZeroRankArray

Contributing thread:

- `Pre-PEP: Allow Empty Subscript List Without Parentheses
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065762.html>`__

----------------------------------------------
PEP 337: Logging Usage in the Standard Library
----------------------------------------------

For the `Google Summer of Code`_, Jackilyn Hoxworth has been working
on implementing parts of `PEP 337`_ to use the logging module in parts
of the stdlib. When Jim Jewett, who is mentoring her, brought up a few
issues, people got concerned that this work was being done at all,
being that `PEP 337`_ has not been approved. Jim and A.M. Kuchling
clarified that the goal of Jackilyn's work is to both clarify the PEP
(e.g. determine exactly which modules would benefit from logging) and
to provide an implementation that can be tweaked as necessary if the
PEP is accepted. For the first draft at least, it looked like Jackilyn
would keep things simple -- using "py." + __name__ for the logger
name, not adding any new logging messages, not changing any message
formats, and generally aiming only to give stderr and stdout messages
across different modules a common choke point.

.. _Google Summer of Code: http://code.google.com/soc/
.. _PEP 337: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0337/

Contributing thread:

- `Stdlib Logging questions (PEP 337 SoC)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065601.html>`__

-------------------
inspect.isgenerator
-------------------

Michele Simionato asked for a new function in the inspect module that
would identify a function as being a generator function. Phillip J.
Eby pointed out that any function can return a generator-iterator
(though generator functions are of course guaranteed to do so) and
suggested that the perceived need for this inspect function was
misguided. Michele agreed and withdrew the proposal.

Contributing threads:

- `feature request: inspect.isgenerator
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-May/065334.html>`__
- `feature request: inspect.isgenerator
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065508.html>`__

--------------------------------
Unescaping entities with sgmllib
--------------------------------

Sam Ruby asked why sgmllib unescapes entities selectively, not all or
nothing (which would be easier to work around), and Fred L. Drake, Jr.
explained that sgmllib is really only intended as support for htmllib.
Sam suggested isolating the code that attempts to resolve character
references into a single method so that subclasses could override this
behavior as needed. Martin v. L?wis agreed that this seemed
reasonable, though he suggested two functions, one for character
references and one for entity references. Sam implemented the
suggested behavior and provided a `patch to sgmllib`_.

.. _patch to sgmllib: http://bugs.python.org/1504676

Contributing thread:

- `sgmllib Comments
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065861.html>`__

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scoping vs augmented assignment vs sets (Re: 'fast locals' in Python 2.5)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

A bug in Python 2.5 that did not detect augmented assignment as
creating a local name allowed code like the following to work::

    >>> g = 1
    >>> def f1():
    ...     g += 1
    ...
    >>> f1()
    >>> g
    2

This of course started the usual discussion about giving Python a way
to rebind names in enclosing scopes. Boris Borcic in particular was
hoping that the bug could be considered a feature, but Terry Reedy
explained that Python was not willing to give up the near equivalence
between ``x = x + 1`` and ``x += 1``. Since the former creates a local
name, the latter ought to do the same thing. The thread seemed like it
might drift on further until Guido cut it off, pronouncing that the
behavior of augmented assignments creating local names was not going
to change.

Contributing threads:

- `'fast locals' in Python 2.5
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065648.html>`__
- `Scoping vs augmented assignment vs sets (Re: 'fast locals' in
Python 2.5) <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065902.html>`__
- `Comparing closures and arguments (was Re: Scoping vs augmented
assignment vs sets (Re: 'fast locals' in Python 2.5)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066064.html>`__
- `The baby and the bathwater (Re: Scoping, augmented assignment,
'fast locals' - conclusion)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066080.html>`__

---------------------------------------
Checking out an older version of Python
---------------------------------------

Skip Montanaro asked about checking out a particular version of
Python. Oleg Broytmann and Tim Peters explained that tags are just
directories in Subversion, and you can view all the existing ones and
their corresponding revision numbers at
http://svn.python.org/projects/python/tags/. Oleg also explained that
the difference between::

    svn switch svn+ssh://pythondev at svn.python.org/python/tags/r242

and noting that the r242 tag corresponds to revision 39619 and doing::

    svn up -r 39619

is that with the latter, commits will go to the trunk (assuming the
update was performed on a trunk checkout), while with the former,
updates will go to the appropriate tag or branch. Giovanni Bajo
provided a nice explanation of this, describing Subversion's 2D
coordinate system of [url, revision] and Skip added the explanation to
the `Development FAQ`_.

.. _Development FAQ: http://www.python.org/dev/faq/

Contributing thread:

- `Subversion repository question - back up to older versions
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065709.html>`__

--------------------
Source control tools
--------------------

In the externally maintained packages discussion, Guido suggested
offhand that some other version control project might make it easier
to resolve some of the issues. Thomas Wouters put forward a number of
considerations.  On the negative side of changing to one of the newer
version control systems:

* Workflow would have to change somewhat to use most of the new
branch-oriented systems.
* Everyone would have to download the whole repository (at least once)
since with the newer systems everyone usually has their own
repository.

But on the positive side:

* History can be preserved for merges of branches (unlike Subversion),
which is a big gain for when the trunk is switched to 3.0.

Thomas tried importing the Python repository into a number of
different systems, and after playing around with them, concluded that
in the short term, none of the other version control systems were
quite ready yet, though he seemed optimistic for them in the next few
years. He also promised to publish imports of the Python repository
into Git, Darcs, Mercurial, Bazaar-NG and Monotone somewhere once he
was able to successfully import them all.

Contributing thread:

- `Source control tools
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065971.html>`__

----------------------------------------------------
Underscore assignment in the interactive interpreter
----------------------------------------------------

Raymond Hettinger noted that in the interactive interpreter, an
expression that returns None not only suppresses the printing of that
None, but also suppresses the assignment to ``_``. Raymond asked if
this was intentional as it makes code like the following break::

    >>> import re, string
    >>> re.search('lmnop', string.letters)
    <_sre.SRE_Match object at 0xb6f2c480>
    >>> re.search('pycon', string.letters)
    >>> if _ is not None:
    ...     print _.group()
    lmnop

Fredrik Lundh pointed out that users just need to recognize that the
``_`` holds the most recently *printed* result. Guido pronounced that
this would not change. Terry Reedy suggested adding some documentation
for this behavior to either Language Reference 2.3.2 Reserved Classes
of Identifiers and/or to Tutorial 2.1.2 Interactive Mode, but it was
unclear if any doc changes were committed.

Contributing thread:

- `Is implicit underscore assignment buggy?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065679.html>`__

-----------------------
Removing MAC OS 9 cruft
-----------------------

A number of old MAC OS 9 bits and pieces that are no longer used were removed:

* IDE scripts
* MPW
* Tools/IDE
* Tools/macfreeze
* Unsupported/mactcp/dnrglue.c
* Wastemods

This should solve some problems for Windows checkouts where files with
trailing dots are not supported.

Contributing threads:

- `Removing Mac OS 9 cruft
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065526.html>`__
- `Mac/wastemodule build failing
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065588.html>`__

------------------------------------------
Fixing buffer object's char buffer support
------------------------------------------

Brett Cannon found that ``import array;
int(buffer(array.array('c')))`` caused the interpreter to segfault
because buffer objects were redirecting tp_as_buffer->bf_getcharbuffer
to the wrong tp_as_buffer slot. Brett fixed the bug and updated the
docs a bit to clarify what was intended for the implementation, but
kept changes pretty minimal as Python 3.0 will ditch buffer for the
bytes type anyway.

Contributing threads:

- `How to fix the buffer object's broken char buffer support
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065646.html>`__
- `Is "t#" argument format meant to be char buffer, or just read-only?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065678.html>`__

-------------------------------
Importing subpackages in Jython
-------------------------------

In Jython 2.1, importing a module makes all subpackages beneath it
available, unlike in regular Python, where subpackages must be
imported separately. Samuele Pedroni explained that this was
intentional so that imports in Jython would work like imports in Java
do. Guido suggested that having imports work this way in Jython was
fine as long as a Java package was being imported, but when a Python
package was being imported, Jython should use the Python semantics.

Contributing thread:

- `Import semantics
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065864.html>`__

---------------------------------------------
RFC 3986: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)
---------------------------------------------

There was some continued discussion of Paul Jimenez's proposed
`uriparse module`_ which more faithfully implements `RFC 3986`_ than
the current urlparse module. Nick Coghlan submitted an `alternate
implementation`_ that kept all parsed URIs as (scheme, authority,
path, query, fragment) tuples by allowing some of these elements to be
non-strings, e.g. authority could be a (user, password, host, port)
tuple, and path could be a (user, host) tuple. People seemed to like
Nick's implementation, but no final decision on the module was made.

.. _uriparse module: http://bugs.python.org/1462525
.. _RFC 3986: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
.. _alternate implementation: http://bugs.python.org/1500504

Contributing thread:

- `Some more comments re new uriparse module, patch 1462525
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065552.html>`__

-----------------------------------------------------
False instead of TypeError for frozenset.__contains__
-----------------------------------------------------

Collin Winter suggested that code like ``{} in frozenset([1, 2, 3])``
should return False instead of raising a TypeError. Guido didn't like
the idea because he thought it would mask bugs where, say, a
user-defined __hash__() method accidentally raised a TypeError.

Contributing thread:

- `Unhashable objects and __contains__()
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065577.html>`__

--------------------------------------------
IOError or ValueError for invalid file modes
--------------------------------------------

Kristj?n V. J?nsson asked why open()/file() throws an IOError for an
invalid mode string instead of a ValueError. Georg Brandl explained
that either an IOError or a ValueError can be raised depending on
whether the invalid mode was detected in Python's code or in the OS's
fopen call. Guido suggested that this couldn't really be fixed until
Python gets rid of its stdio-based implementation in Python 3.0.

Contributing thread:

- `file() <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065903.html>`__

-----------------------------
Testing, unittest and py.test
-----------------------------

Martin Blais checked in un-unittestification of test_struct, and a
number of people questioned whether that was a wise thing to do.
Thomas Wouters suggested that unittest should merge as many features
from py.test_ as possible. This would reduce some of the class-based
boilerplate currently required, and also allow some nice additional
features like test cases generated on the fly. He didn't get much of a
response though, so it was unclear what the plans for Python 2.6 were.

.. _py.test: http://codespeak.net/py/current/doc/test.html

Contributing thread:

- `[Python-checkins] r46603 - python/trunk/Lib/test/test_struct.py
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065584.html>`__

------------------------------------------------
hex(), oct() and the 'L' suffix for long numbers
------------------------------------------------

Ka-Ping Yee asked why hex() and oct() still produced an 'L' suffix for
long numbers even now that ints and longs have basically been unified.
`PEP 237`_ had mentioned the removal of this suffix, but not given it
a specific release for removal, so people decided it was best to wait
until Python 3.0 when the 'L' suffix will also be removed from repr().

.. _PEP 237: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0237/

Contributing thread:

- `Should hex() yield 'L' suffix for long numbers?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065870.html>`__

---------------------------------
Adding an index of Python symbols
---------------------------------

Terry Reedy suggested adding a page to the Python Language Reference
index that would list each symbol in Python (e.g. ``()``, ``[]`` and
``@``) along with the places in the documentation where it was
discussed. Terry promised to submit a plain-text version in time for
the Python 2.5 release, so that someone could convert it to LaTeX and
merge it into the docs.

Contributing thread:

- `Symbol page for Language Reference Manual Index
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065681.html>`__

------------------------------------------
Behavior of searching for empty substrings
------------------------------------------

Fredrik Lundh resolved the issues discussed previously with searching
for an empty substring at a position past the end of the string. The
current behavior looks like::

    >>> "ab".find("")
    0
    >>> "ab".find("", 1)
    1
    >>> "ab".find("", 2)
    2
    >>> "ab".find("", 3)
    -1

Both Tim Peters and Guido applauded the final resolution.

Contributing thread:

- `Search for empty substrings (was Re: Let's stop eating exceptions
in dict lookup)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065500.html>`__

-----------------
subprocess.IGNORE
-----------------

Martin Blais asked about adding subprocess.IGNORE along the lines of
subprocess.PIPE which would ignore the child's output without being
susceptible to buffer deadlock problems. Under Unix, IGNORE could be
implemented as ``open('/dev/null', 'w')``, and on Windows,
``open('nul:', 'w')``. People seemed to think this was a useful
feature, but at the time of this summary, no patch had yet been
provided.

Contributing thread:

- `subprocess.Popen(.... stdout=IGNORE, ...)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065868.html>`__


================
Deferred Threads
================
- `Improve error msgs?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066048.html>`__
- `Keeping interned strings in a set
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066084.html>`__
- `Documentation enhancement: "MS free compiler"?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066182.html>`__
- `Code coverage reporting.
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066184.html>`__
- `Numerical robustness, IEEE etc.
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066186.html>`__


==================
Previous Summaries
==================
- `Let's stop eating exceptions in dict lookup
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065499.html>`__
- `ssize_t question: longs in header files
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065574.html>`__
- `ssize_t: ints in header files
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065624.html>`__
- `zlib module doesn't build - inflateCopy() not found
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065706.html>`__


===============
Skipped Threads
===============
- `Segmentation fault of Python if build on Solaris 9 or10 with Sun
Studio 11 <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065495.html>`__
- `Possible bug in complexobject.c (still in Python 2.5)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065496.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] r46300 - in python/trunk: Lib/socket.py
Lib/test/test_socket.py Lib/test/test_struct.py Modules/_struct.c
Modules/arraymodule.c Modules/socketmodule.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065501.html>`__
- `test_struct failure on 64 bit platforms
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065506.html>`__
- `string inconsistency
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065507.html>`__
- `S/390 buildbot URLs problematic
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065517.html>`__
- `SF patch #1473257: "Add a gi_code attr to generators"
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065524.html>`__
- `test_unicode failure on MIPS
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065529.html>`__
- `valgrind report
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065532.html>`__
- `test_ctypes failures on ppc64 debian
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065544.html>`__
- `Request for patch review
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065581.html>`__
- `patch #1454481 vs buildbot
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065592.html>`__
- `Seeking Core Developers for Vancouver Python Workshop
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065600.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] Python Regression Test Failures refleak (1)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065613.html>`__
- `Include/structmember.h, Py_ssize_t
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065619.html>`__
- `DC Python sprint on July 29th
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065625.html>`__
- `tarfile and unicode filenames in windows
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065710.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] buildbot warnings in hppa Ubuntu dapper trunk
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065719.html>`__
- `-Wi working for anyone else?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065779.html>`__
- `Inject some tracing ...
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065781.html>`__
- `Segmentation fault in collections.defaultdict
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065828.html>`__
- `Add pure python PNG writer module to stdlib?
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065834.html>`__
- `crash in dict on gc collect
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065855.html>`__
- `"can't unpack IEEE 754 special value on non-IEEE platform"
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065957.html>`__
- `socket._socketobject.close() doesn't really close sockets
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/065991.html>`__
- `DRAFT: python-dev summary for 2006-04-16 to 2006-04-30
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066011.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] r46795 - in python/trunk: Doc/lib/libstdtypes.tex
Lib/test/string_tests.py Misc/NEWS Objects/stringobject.c
Objects/unicodeobject.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066013.html>`__
- `xrange vs. int.__getslice__
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066014.html>`__
- `request for review: patch 1446489 (zip64 extensions in zipfile)
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066018.html>`__
- `DRAFT: python-dev summary for 2006-05-01 to 2006-05-15
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066020.html>`__
- `pychecker warnings in Lib/encodings
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066021.html>`__
- `Moving PEP 343 to Final
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066027.html>`__
- `Python sprint at Google Aug. 21-24
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066043.html>`__
- `Long options support
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066049.html>`__
- `High Level Virtual Machine
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066053.html>`__
- `sqlite3 test errors - was : Re: [Python-checkins] r46936 - in
python/trunk: Lib/sqlite3/test/regression.py Lib/sqlite3/test/types.py
Lib/sqlite3/test/userfunctions.py Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c Modules/_sqlite/module.c
Modules/_sqlite/module.h
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066055.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] sqlite3 test errors - was : Re: r46936 - in
python/trunk: Lib/sqlite3/test/regression.py Lib/sqlite3/test/types.py
Lib/sqlite3/test/userfunctions.py Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c Modules/_sqlite/module.c
Modules/_sqlite/module.h
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066056.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] sqlite3 test errors - was : Re: r46936 - in
python/trunk: Lib/sqlite3/test/regression.py Lib/sqlite3/test/types.py
Lib/sqlite3/test/userfunctions.py Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c Modules/_sqlite/module.c
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066060.html>`__
- `[Python-checkins] sqlite3 test errors - was : Re: r46936 - in
python/trunk: Lib/sqlite3/test/regression.py Lib/sqlite3/test/types.py
Lib/sqlite3/test/userfunctions.py Modules/_sqlite/connection.c
Modules/_sqlite/cursor.c Modules/_sql
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066068.html>`__
- `Last-minute curses patch
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066076.html>`__
- `DRAFT: python-dev summary for 2006-05-16 to 2006-05-31
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066078.html>`__
- `Bug: xml.dom.pulldom never gives you END_DOCUMENT events with an
Expat parser <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066179.html>`__
- `Misleading error message from PyObject_GenericSetAttr
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066183.html>`__
- `About dynamic module loading
<http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-June/066185.html>`__




========
Epilogue
========

This is a summary of traffic on the `python-dev mailing list`_ from
June 01, 2006 through June 15, 2006.
It is intended to inform the wider Python community of on-going
developments on the list on a semi-monthly basis.  An archive_ of
previous summaries is available online.

An `RSS feed`_ of the titles of the summaries is available.
You can also watch comp.lang.python or comp.lang.python.announce for
new summaries (or through their email gateways of python-list or
python-announce, respectively, as found at http://mail.python.org).

This python-dev summary is the 6th written by
 Steve Bethard. (Please, ma, don't make me do the switch statement summary!)

To contact me, please send email:

- Steve Bethard (steven.bethard at gmail.com)

Do *not* post to comp.lang.python if you wish to reach me.

The `Python Software Foundation`_ is the non-profit organization that
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--------------------
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--------------------

To comment on anything mentioned here, just post to
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-------------------------
How to Read the Summaries
-------------------------

That this summary is written using reStructuredText_. Any unfamiliar
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.. _python-dev: http://www.python.org/dev/
.. _SourceForge: http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?group_id=5470
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.. _Docutils: http://docutils.sf.net/
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.. _RSS feed: http://www.python.org/dev/summary/channews.rdf

From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 11:37:56 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 08:37:56 -0700
Subject: Isn't there a better way?
References: <1153493473.101466.290110@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.21.16.49.00.782390@yahoo.fr>
Message-ID: <1153496276.837814.262440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

> I don't know what both classes do [snip]

foo basically gets values for verbose (a True or False) and index (an
integer) from command line options, using
optparse.OptionParser.add_option() and
optparse.OptionParser.parse_args()

I would like bar to access the values of verbose and index.  Is there
another way?



From tyler.schlosser at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 21:33:06 2006
From: tyler.schlosser at gmail.com (tyler.schlosser at gmail.com)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 18:33:06 -0700
Subject: Launching multiple instances of a program with
	win32com.client.Dispatch?
In-Reply-To: <1152286208.519739.312740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152238469.455365.239520@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152243179_9697@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<1152286208.519739.312740@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152322386.593780.114490@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Bump...not sure if it's bad etiquette here, I apologize if it is.


tyler.schlosser at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi Roger,
>
> Thanks for the response, but DispatchEx seems to do the exact same
> thing as Dispatch in my case; there is still only one processID and one
> instance of my program (I forgot to mention that I also need two unique
> processID's to keep track of them).
>
> I have also tried:
>
> ###
>
> AB1 =
> pythoncom.CoCreateInstance("Broker.Application",None,pythoncom.CLSCTX_SERVER,pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)
>
> AB2 =
> pythoncom.CoCreateInstance("Broker.Application",None,pythoncom.CLSCTX_SERVER,pythoncom.IID_IDispatch)
>
> win32com.client.Dispatch(AB1)
> win32com.client.Dispatch(AB2)
>
> ###
>
> That also seems to do the exact same thing.
>
> Any other ideas of things I might try?
>
> Roger Upole wrote:
> > win32com.client.DispatchEx should create a new instance.
> >
> >        Roger
> >
> > <tyler.schlosser at gmail.com> wrote in message news:1152238469.455365.239520 at s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> > > Hi there, I am trying to launch a program called AmiBroker using the
> > > command:
> > >
> > > AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> > >
> > > However, I have a dual-core CPU and would like to launch two instances
> > > of AmiBroker. I know it is possible to run two instances simultaneously
> > > since it is easy to do manually by double-clicking the AmiBroker.exe
> > > file twice. However, when I write two lines of code like this:
> > >
> > > AB = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> > > AB2 = win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")
> > >
> > > and proceed to address these objects, they interfere with each other
> > > since both AB and AB2 are "grabbing" the same instance of AmiBroker. If
> > > I try to run two separate Python scripts, each one containing a
> > > "win32com.client.Dispatch("Broker.Application")" comand, the same
> > > problem happens (where even though the objects are named differently,
> > > they do not each launch an instance of the program; the first one
> > > launches it and the second one just "grabs" it).
> > >
> > > Does anyone know how to force two separate program launches rather than
> > > having both Dispatch commands access the same object? I would be
> > > incredibly thankful to anyone who could offer some help with this.
> > >
> > > Thank you very much,
> > >
> > > Tyler
> > >



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 24 05:27:18 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 02:27:18 -0700
Subject: How can I optimise this? [intended in good humour]
References: <mailman.8442.1153730133.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153733237.943779.58670@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Markus wrote:
> You know you're guilty of early/over optimisation, when it's almost two
> in the morning and the file open in front of you reads as follows.
>
>   The code you are about to read is real...
>   Some of the variable names have been changed
>   to protect the families of those involved.
>
> [-snip-]
>
> from timeit import Timer
>
> if __name__=='__main__':
>      t = Timer('len(argv)==1','from sys import argv')
>      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
>      t = Timer('argv[0]==argv[-1]','from sys import argv')
>      print "%f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
>
> [-snip-]
>
> For anyone is in danger of making the same mistakes I've made...
> the results were:
>
>    0.219154 usec/pass
>    0.297468 usec/pass
>
>
> If anyone doesn't understand...
>   Timer is a "Class for timing execution speed of small code snippets."
>   The quoted description of Timer and the original code I derived the
>   above snippet from, can be found in the Python documentation.
>
> Finally, for anyone who is wondering...
>   I will seek help as soon as I have some free time.
>

Do you realise that the two expressions that you are comparing are not
even equivalent, and moreover you ignored an expression that will be
faster and equivalent (unless/until somebody decides on an
"optimisation" like interning/sharing strings between/among sys.argv
elements).

C:\junk>type showargs.py
from sys import argv
print argv, len(argv)==1, argv[0]==argv[-1], argv[0] is argv[-1]

C:\junk>showargs.py C:\junk\showargs.py
['C:\\junk\\showargs.py', 'C:\\junk\\showargs.py'] False True False

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky','jabber'+'wocky']"
"len(a)==1"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.142 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky','jabber'+'wocky']"
"a[0]==a[-1]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.191 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky','jabber'+'wocky']" "a[0] is
a[-1]"
10000000 loops, best of 3: 0.135 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky']" "len(a)==1"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.132 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky']" "a[0]==a[-1]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.14 usec per loop

C:\junk>python -mtimeit -s"a=['jabberwocky']" "a[0] is a[-1]"
1000000 loops, best of 3: 0.111 usec per loop

Cheers,
John



From claird at lairds.us  Tue Jul 18 14:55:49 2006
From: claird at lairds.us (Cameron Laird)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 18:55:49 +0000
Subject: execute a shell script from a python script
References: <1153167113.519051.150740@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153187926.407414.201530@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<156vo3-ub3.ln1@lairds.us>
	<1153243296.095949.268520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <lenvo3-7uq.ln1@lairds.us>

In article <1153243296.095949.268520 at s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>,
Thomas Nelson <thn at mail.utexas.edu> wrote:
>As described in the docs I pointed to before:
>subprocess.call("foo.sh",shell=True)
>Is the way to do it without args.  I think it is simplest to learn the
>subprocess module because (quoting from the docs) this module intends
>to replace several other, older modules and functions, such as:
>os.system
>os.spawn*
>os.popen*
>popen2.*
>commands.*
>This way you only need to learn one thing.  Actually I would like to
>see some of these older functions deprecated.
			.
			.
			.
A point worth repeating, and I salute your courtesy in doing so.
I had realized neither the deprecation of these interfaces, nor
the documentation to that effect, so I thank you for pointing
them out.


From eugene at boardkulture.com  Tue Jul 25 03:53:40 2006
From: eugene at boardkulture.com (3KWA)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 00:53:40 -0700
Subject: doctest with variable return value
Message-ID: <1153814020.662623.53080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

I am wondering what is the standard doctest (test) practice for
functions who's returned value change all the time e.g. forex rate:

import urllib

def get_rate(symbol):
    """get_rate(symbol) connects to yahoo finance to return the rate of
symbol.

    >>>get_rate('AUDEUR')

    """

    url=
"http://finance.yahoo.com/d/quotes.csv?s=%s=X&f=sl1d1t1c1ohgv&e=.csv" %
\
         symbol
    f=urllib.urlopen(url)
    return float(f.readline().split(',')[1])

As you can guess I am very new to unittest and doctest in general ...

Thanks for your help,

EuGeNe



From aldonnelley at gmail.com  Sat Jul 22 04:51:51 2006
From: aldonnelley at gmail.com (aldonnelley at gmail.com)
Date: 22 Jul 2006 01:51:51 -0700
Subject: Is it possible to get image size before/without downloading?
In-Reply-To: <1153557362.785142.11200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153555337.967590.4050@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153557362.785142.11200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153558311.200477.77950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Josiah

I thought as much... Still, it'll help me immensely to cut the
downloads from a page to only those that are within a file-size range,
even if this gets me some images that are out-of-spec dimensionally.

Cheers, Al.

(Oh, and if anyone still has a bright idea about how to get image
dimensions without downloading, it'd be great to hear!)

Josiah Manson wrote:
> In the head of an HTTP response, most servers will specify a
> Content-Length that is the number of bytes in the body of the response.
> Normally, when using the GET method, the header is returned with the
> body following. It is possible to make a HEAD request to the server
> that will only return header information that will hopefully tell you
> the file size.
>
> If you want to know the actual dimensions of the image, I don't know of
> anything in HTTP that will tell you. You will probably just have to
> download the image to find that out. Relevant HTTP specs below if you
> care.
>
> http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html
> http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html
>
> The above is true regardless of language. In python it appears there an
> httplib module. I would call request using the method head.
>
> http://docs.python.org/lib/httpconnection-objects.html
>
> aldonnelley at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hi there: a bit of a left-field question, I think.
> > I'm writing a program that analyses image files downloaded with a basic
> > crawler, and it's slow, mainly because I only want to analyse files
> > within a certain size range, and I'm having to download all the files
> > on the page, open them, get their size, and then only analyse the ones
> > that are in that size range.
> > Is there a way (in python, of course!) to get the size of images before
> > or without downloading them? I've checked around, and I can't seem to
> > find anything promising...
> > 
> > Anybody got any clues?
> > 
> > Cheers, Al.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 10 11:27:19 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 17:27:19 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <m2r70tmsew.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>
	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<44B1DE5F.3070202@mum.edu> <44b217d0$0$5377$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<m2r70tmsew.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <44b271d8$0$23602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Piet van Oostrum wrote:
>>>>>>Bruno Desthuilliers <onurb at xiludom.gro> (BD) wrote:
> 
> 
>>BD> Actually, and AFAIK, len(obj) = lambda obj : obj.__len__().
> 
> 
> You mean: len = lambda obj : obj.__len__().

yes, of course - not enough caffein, I guess...

Thanks
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 06:26:50 2006
From: Sebastien.Boisgerault at gmail.com (=?iso-8859-1?q?S=E9bastien_Boisg=E9rault?=)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 03:26:50 -0700
Subject: Python strings outside the 128 range
Message-ID: <1152786410.480718.223260@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Hi,

Could anyone explain me how the python string "?" is mapped to
the binary code "\xe9" in my python interpreter ?

"?" is not present in the 7-bit ASCII table that is the default
encoding, right ? So is the mapping "?" -> "\xe9" portable ?
(site-)configuration dependent ? Can anyone have something
different of "?" when 'print "\xe9"' is executed ? If the process
is config-dependent, what kind of config info is used ?

Regards,

SB



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Sun Jul 16 04:34:04 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 20:34:04 +1200
Subject: reading specific lines of a file
References: <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9ctkk$6ar$2@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <mailman.8213.1152993897.27775.python-list at python.org>, Yi Xing
wrote:

> I want to read specific lines of a huge txt file (I know the line #).
> Each line might have different sizes. Is there a convenient and fast
> way of doing this in Python? Thanks.

    file("myfile.txt").readlines()[LineNr]

Convenient, yes. Fast, no. :)


From steven.bethard at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 19:55:11 2006
From: steven.bethard at gmail.com (Steven Bethard)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 17:55:11 -0600
Subject: Attaching functions to objects as methods
In-Reply-To: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152314978.437824.93000@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <W-OdnSnCNrzCaTPZnZ2dnUVZ_t-dnZ2d@comcast.com>

tac-tics wrote:
> Python is a crazy language when it comes to object versatility. I know
> I can do:
> 
>>>> class test:
> ...    def __init__(self):
> ...         pass
>>>> x = test()
>>>> def fun():
> ...     print "fun"
>>>> x.fun = fun
>>>> x.fun()
> fun
> 
> However, experimenting shows that these attached functions are not
> bound to the object. They do not accept the 'self' parameter. I want to
> know how one goes about doing that. How do I bind a function to an
> object to act as if it were a method?

Functions are descriptors[1], and their __get__ method is used to bind 
them to a particular instance::

     >>> class test(object):
     ...     def __init__(self):
     ...         pass
     ...
     >>> x = test()
     >>> def fun(self):
     ...     print "fun", self
     ...
     >>> x.fun = fun.__get__(x, test)
     >>> x.fun()
     fun <__main__.test object at 0x00E6D730>

Note that calling __get__ returns a bound method, and that method can be 
bound to an instance or a class depending on the parameters of __get__::

     >>> fun.__get__(x, None)
     <bound method ?.fun of <__main__.test object at 0x00E74510>>
     >>> fun.__get__(x, test)
     <bound method test.fun of <__main__.test object at 0x00E74510>>
     >>> fun.__get__(None, test)
     <unbound method test.fun>



[1] http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm

STeVe


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Sun Jul  2 05:43:57 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 02:43:57 -0700
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a set [with Python
	3000 in mind]
In-Reply-To: <1151824243.188638.48840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151784117.119515.310100@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151824243.188638.48840@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151833437.623649.220230@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Paddy:
> Mind you, Never rely on that implied ordering. Always use items().

Using dict.items() is probably better, but the manual says:

>If items(), keys(), values(), iteritems(), iterkeys(), and itervalues() are called with no intervening modifications to the dictionary, the lists will directly correspond. This allows the creation of (value, key) pairs using zip(): "pairs = zip(a.values(), a.keys())". The same relationship holds for the iterkeys() and itervalues() methods:<

Is this going to change?


dict.keyset() seems nice, but you usually don't want to make a too much
big API.
Keeping APIs small is very important in Python, otherwise you need the
manual to write code.
I think a better solution to solve such key set problems is to optimize
Python itself, so Python computes set(dict) really fast (it can just
"copies" the hash of the dict).

Bye,
bearophile



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 22:06:48 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 19:06:48 -0700
Subject: subprocess module
Message-ID: <1153966008.563080.50390@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

ive been trying to create a thumbnail using the ffmpeg converter
running the ffmpeg.exe using the subprocess module with the following
code

>>> import subprocess
>>> p = subprocess.Popen(["ffmpeg.exe -i video.mpg", "-f mjpeg  -ss 5 -vframes 1 -s 160x120 -an video.gif"], shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

but the ffmpeg complains about the input file being corrupter, whereas
when i run the same command via the command shell (cmd.exe) it works.
Does anyone know what the problem is?


Cheers



From not at valid.org  Mon Jul 31 15:28:28 2006
From: not at valid.org (yomgui)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 19:28:28 GMT
Subject: list of lists of lists ....
References: <44CA5544.FE57BAA5@valid.org>
Message-ID: <44CE59DC.B3CCEE3D@valid.org>

thanks for all your answers

yomgui

yomgui wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I have a list of data (type A)
> my list can includes element of type A or a lists,
> these list can includes element of type A or a lists, and so on ...
> 
> is there a simple way to obtain a single list of all the elemets
> of type A ?
> 
> thanks
> 
> yomgui


From http  Mon Jul 31 11:00:27 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 08:00:27 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <7xirldkees.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
> Well I am under NDA so I cannot tell you what the application is - I need
> numbers (dec) with up to 24 digits.

You actually need to represent numbers up to 10**24??

> As I said, I went the other way - more data on the line (from dev 1 to dev
> 2) - but I feel there is no speed issue at this stage.

What are your memory constraints?


From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 12:34:35 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 09:34:35 -0700
Subject: catching syntax errors via excepthook?
References: <mailman.7719.1151926423.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1hhw7nn.bwnkh0as39t0N%aleax@mac.com>

Hari Sekhon <sekhon.hari at googlemail.com> wrote:

> I've written an except hook into a script as shown below which works 
> well for the most part and catches exceptions.
> 
> import sys
> def myexcepthook(type,value,tb):
>     do something
> 
> sys.excepthook=myexcepthook
> rest of script.... (now protected by catchall exception hook)
> 
> 
> I've been intentionally introducing errors into the code to try to test
> it and while it catches import errors and other things, it doesn't catch
> syntax errors.
> 
> Is there a way to get it to catch syntax errors?

Python, of course, parses (and in fact compiles) a whole module before
executing any of it, so if you're talking about syntax error in the
source of the very module which (when executed) will install an
excepthook, no way.  Apart from this, no problem, e.g.:

>>> def myexcepthook(type,value,tb):
...     print 'error', value
... 
>>> sys.excepthook=myexcepthook
>>> 2+
error invalid syntax (<stdin>, line 1)
>>> m=open('za.py', 'w')
>>> m.writelines('''print "hello"
... print 2+ 
... ''')
>>> m.close()
>>> import za
error invalid syntax (za.py, line 2)

etc, etc, i.e., the hook does catch all syntax errors due to parsing
which occurs *after* the hook is installed (in interactive sessions or
other modules).  Clearly the hook cannot catch any error which occur
*before* the hook is installed.

You can delay the detection of syntax errors, for example, by explicitly
calling the compile built-in function on string literals, rather than
relying on implicit compilation of sources; and/or you can strive to
have your excepthook installed ASAP, e.g. by playing with
sitecustomize.py and/or $PYTHONSTARTUP .


Alex


From mrmakent at cox.net  Tue Jul  4 11:03:40 2006
From: mrmakent at cox.net (Mike Kent)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 08:03:40 -0700
Subject: List Manipulation
References: <1152021715.243605.58500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152022647.498673.149620@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152024428.818882.284070@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152025419.990647.220160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Roman wrote:
> Thanks for your help
>
> My intention is to create matrix based on parsed csv file.  So, I would
> like to have a list of columns (which are also lists).
>
> I have made the following changes and it still doesn't work.
>
>
> cnt = 0
> p=[[], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []]
> reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
>                          quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
> for line in reader:
>     if cnt > 6:
>        break
>     j = 0
>     for col in line:
>        p[j].append(col)
>        j=j+1
>     cnt = cnt + 1
>
> print p

p[j] does not give you a reference to an element inside p.  It gives
you a new sublist containing one element from p.  You then append a
column to that sublist.  Then, since you do nothing more with that
sublist, YOU THROW IT AWAY.

Try doing:

p[j] = p[j].append(col)

However, this will still result in inefficient code.  Since every line
you read in via the csv reader is already a list, try this (untested)
instead:

reader = csv.reader(file("f:\webserver\inp.txt"), dialect="excel",
                         quotechar="'", delimiter='\t')
p = [ line for line in reader[:7] ]



From will at willmcgugan.com  Wed Jul 19 08:07:36 2006
From: will at willmcgugan.com (Will McGugan)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:07:36 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153310856.461159.124120@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

cdecarlo wrote:

>
> fout = open('somefile','w')
> for line in convertedData:
>   fout.write("%s\n" % line)
> fout.close()
>
>  -- or --
>
> fout = open('somefile','w')
> fout.write("%s" % '\n'.join(convertedData))
> fout.close()
>

I'd go for something like...

fout = open('somefile','w')
fout.writelines( line+"\n" for line in convertedData )
fout.close()

Although your first solution should perform about the same.

If you have 2.5, you may prefer this...

with open('somefile','w') as fout:
    fout.writelines( line+"\n" for line in convertedData )


> ... or maybe some hybrid of the two which writes chunks of the
> convertedData list out in one shot ...

The OS should buffer it for you.


Will McGugan



From steve at holdenweb.com  Thu Jul 20 03:02:32 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 08:02:32 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <3o6ub2ldtfgdha2f5164pn38l3r2ce0to8@4ax.com>
References: <1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8322.1153295265.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153373897.849778.287600@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<3o6ub2ldtfgdha2f5164pn38l3r2ce0to8@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <e9n9qk$9js$1@sea.gmane.org>

Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
> On 19 Jul 2006 22:38:17 -0700, "mystilleef" <mystilleef at gmail.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
> 
>>permitted should be between an object and its mediator. Messages are
>>passed through the system via signals or events or established
>>protocols. What are the benefits? Well I can change the implementation
>>of any object at will without breaking the whole system. Or I can even
> 
> 
> 	Python permits that using properties... But one doesn't have to code
> the properties from the get-go... Development can be done with direct
> attribute access, and if it is determined that some sort of conditioning
> logic is needed, it can be implemented WITHOUT CHANGING THE API.
> 
> 	This IS an "established protocol" in Python.
> 
>>High coupling is bad. Exposing critical states of an object is bad. Any
>>decent computer science book will tell you that.
>>
> 
> 	In Python, using, if needed, properties, this is transparent... The
> user of the object doesn't know, or need to know, if it is state or
> behavior -- all it sees is that it supplies a value for something,
> and/or retrieves a value for something.
> 
>>Obviously if I want to control access to an attribute, it means I don't
>>want it altered or I want to perform pre/post conditional computations
>>before/after the attribute is accessed. There's a reason it is called
>>access control.
>>
> 
> 	Python properties support this, no need to have the user of the
> object explicitly call a getter or setter...
>  
> 
> 
>>changing states you never bothered to hide to begin with, then the
>>wisdom behind careful upfront planning begins to make sense.
>>
> 
> 	If it isn't part of the documented API, it is the user's fault. That
> applies to all software...

I'm this thread represents proof tht you can lead a horse to water but 
you can't make him drink - especially when he thinks the water is 
Kool-Aid, and that attribute APIs can be abused in ways that 
method-based ones can't.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 09:43:15 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 06:43:15 -0700
Subject: Embedding exe file
In-Reply-To: <1153135006.269630.268450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153069012.619772.325170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44bab312$0$857$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>
	<1153135006.269630.268450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153143795.750963.16690@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Bayazee wrote:
> hi,ThanX
> but i dont want to save the exe file in temp file and run it . i want
> to run it directly from python . maybe such this :
> exec("file("test.exe","rw").read())")
> i want write a cd lock with python tp protect an binary file . and so i
> dont want save it in other temp file fom max security ....
>
> -----------------------------------------------------
> Iranian python community --> www.python.ir

If your users can run it, they can steal it. You can't keep your code
secure if you run it on their systems.



From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Thu Jul  6 10:36:35 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 16:36:35 +0200
Subject: Help Needed !!! Browsing and Selecting More Than One File
References: <mailman.7859.1152193350.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <op.tb9uu9p2rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

(Please quote at least a significant part of the message you're replying  
to, or people will have trouble understanding what you're talking about...)

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 15:42:28 +0200, Kilicaslan Fatih <fkaslan at yahoo.com>  
wrote:
> Dear Diez B. Roggisch,
>
> After clicking a button on the GUI the user can browse
> and than select a ".c" file to assign to the other
> program I have mentioned.
>
> But in this way I can only select one file. I don't
> know how to implement this application for all of the
> "*.c" files in a folder. Do I need to write a for loop
> for this? Or maybe I can create a list after
> sequentially browsing files and than assign this list
> as a parameter to the function I am executing.

What has it to do with running your program with several file names as  
arguments? Is it two different ways to select several files in your  
application? Or do you want one or the other?

> Here is a part of the code, I am new to Python and
> OOP. Sorry for the ambiguity in my question.
>
> class App:
>
> #Browsing the file, this is triggered
> #through a menu
>     def browseFile(self):
>         global file

This is unrelated to your question, but why do you use a global variable  
in a class? Can't you use an instance attribute, or a class attribute? And  
BTW, file is the name of a built-in, so using it to name a variable is a  
bad idea.

>         file = askopenfilename(filetypes = [("C source
> code", "*.c"), ("All Files", "*.*")])

So is it a third way of selecting multiple files? Anyway, if you want to  
be able to select multiple files via askopenfilename, use  
askopenfilename(..., multiple=1). The value returned by the function will  
then be a sequence of file names.

> #Running the CC program
> #This is triggered by a button push
>    def runCC(self, event):
>        if type(file)==str:

Unrelated to your question again, but explicitely testing the type of a  
variable is usually a bad idea. What can be stored in file? I'd set it to  
None in the beginning, then test "if file is not None:" instead of testing  
its type.

>             dosya = file
>             cmd = 'cc ' + dosya
>             return os.system(cmd)
>         else:
>             message = tkMessageBox.showinfo("Window
> Text", "Please Browse a File Firstly")
>             print message

This line will always print None (or an empty string maybe), as  
tkMessageBox.showinfo doesn't return anything. No print is needed here, as  
showinfo already displays the message in a dialog.

You also have a branch of the 'if' explicitely returning something (the  
result of the os.system call) and the other one not returning anything,  
i.e implicitely returning None. Is there a reason for that? This is -  
again - usually a bad idea as it makes your code difficult to understand.

HTH
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 12:18:20 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 18:18:20 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>	<9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
> On 2006-07-25 04:06:24, Steve Holden wrote:
> 
> 
>>Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:
>>
>>>On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:35:50 -0300, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com>
>>>declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: 
>>>
>>>
>>>>It is surprising in the sense that binding seems not to be necessary
>>>>for read access. 
>>>
>>It does, I would agree, seem a little counter-intuitive that assignment
>>(or binding) forces the name to be considered local. That's just one of
>>Python's features.
> 
> 
> Ok... I can live with that, and thanks for the confirmation that it's not
> only me to feel that this is somewhat surprising :)

Since Python has no "local variable declaration", there must be a rule
to distinguish local names from names living in the enclosing
namespaces. The rule is: unless previously declared 'global' (ie
module-level) with the appropriate statement, any name bound in the
local namespace is local. If declared 'global', it has to exist in the
global namespace.

This was much more simple to understand when we didn't have nested
functions - we mostly had global and local scope. Fact is that we now
have nested functions, but still no statement equivalent to 'global' for
parent namespaces - with the result that we cannot actually rebind
parent's namespace names from within a nested function. But we are still
free to modify any mutable object we can access, so the usual workaround
  for immutable objects is to wrap them in a mutable container (list,
dict, etc):

def outer():
  def _inner():
     outer_var[0] = 'dead'

  outer_var = ['parrot']
  print "before, outer_var = %s" % outer_var
  _inner()
  print "after, outer_var = %s" % outer_var

and before you say it: yes, it's a dirty hack.


> Surprising for me are actually two things: 1- the fact itself, and 2- that
> term "binding", and that whatever it means > (I'll have to read more on that,
> now that I know the term) 

a "binding" is the association of a name and a reference to an object in
a given namespace. It's different from the common notion of "variable",
which is usually a symbolic name for a memory address storing a value
(like a pointer to an object's address).

is different for read-only and read/write access.

What makes the difference is that binding a name to an object in a
namespace creates the name in this namespace (unless the name as been
declared global, cf above). With the result that, the name existing in
the local namespace, it won't be looked up in enclosing namespaces.


> Neither the Post-It note metaphor nor the pointer explanation address that.
> Using the Post-It note metaphor, I'm asking myself why the label doesn't
> get attached to a different box when reading,

The normal lookup rule for names is local namespace then enclosing
namespaces until top-level (module, aka 'global'), then builtins. Else,
you would have to declare as global any "module / function / whatever"
name in each and every function.

> but only when writing. 

cf above and below.

>("Just
> one of Python's features", I know :)  Same thing with the pointer
> explanation: AFAIK, no language that uses pointers explicitly does
> something similar (that is, the storage the pointer points to is different
> depending on whether the pointer gets used for writing and reading, or only
> for reading). 

In most languages, you have to explicitly declare local names one way or
another. Python takes the opposite route : you have to explicitly
declare global names. Since you don't declare local names, binding
creates the name if it doesn't already exists in the local namespace.


HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From sreeram at tachyontech.net  Sat Jul  8 05:50:32 2006
From: sreeram at tachyontech.net (K.S.Sreeram)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 15:20:32 +0530
Subject: multithreading and shared dictionary
In-Reply-To: <1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
References: <Xns97F9978431F4Bstefninalussinanorg@212.27.42.139>	<1152306647.568476.184100@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1hi4e5x.1bnvls1frcri8N%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <44AF7FE8.2050506@tachyontech.net>

Alex Martelli wrote:
> Wrong, alas: each assignment *could* cause the dictionary's internal
> structures to be reorganized (rehashed) and impact another assignment
> (or even 'get'-access).

but wont the GIL be locked when the rehash occurs?

Regards
Sreeram

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From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Fri Jul  7 13:22:30 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 12:22:30 -0500
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
In-Reply-To: <1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44AE9856.5020506@tim.thechases.com>

> Just forget the lists...
> 
> counters = {0:0, 1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0}

You'll notice that the OP's code had multiple references to the 
same counter (0, 1, and 3 all mapped to type1)

The OP's method was about as good as it gets.  One might try to 
redo it with an accumulator class of some sort:

class Accumulator(object):
	def __init__(self, startvalue = 0):
		self.counter = startvalue
	def __iadd__(self, qty):
		self.counter += qty
		return self.counter
	def add(self, qty = 1):
		self.counter += qty
	def __int__(self):
		return self.counter
	def __str__(self):
		return str(self.counter)
	def __repr__(self):
		return '<Accumulator 0x%x (%s)>' % (
			id(self), str(self.counter))

type1 = Accumulator()
type2 = Accumulator()
type3 = Accumulator()
d = {0:type1, 1:type1, 2:type3, 3:type1, 4:type2}

print ','.join([str(x) for x in d.values()])
# all zeros
d[0] += 1
print ','.join([str(x) for x in d.values()])
# d[0], d[1], and d[3] have incremented
d[2].add()
d[2].add()
print ','.join([str(x) for x in d.values()])
# d[2] has now incremented twice
d[4].add(5)
print ','.join([str(x) for x in d.values()])
# d[4] has now incremented by 5

Some of the syntactic sugar of the class could likely be left out 
if you just want, but it does the same thing as the OP's, with a 
diff. spin on the syntax.

-tkc








From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 21:36:16 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 18:36:16 -0700
Subject: finding items that occur before or after an item in lists
References: <1152001266.740890.209820@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152063376.007183.54160@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> I've got a function that I'd like to improve.
>
> It takes a list of lists and a "target" element, and it returns the set
> of the items in the lists that appear either before or after the target
> item.  (Actually, it's a generator, and I use the set class outside of
> it to collect the unique items, but you get the idea. ;-) )
>
> data = [
>     ['this', 'string', 'is', 'nice'],
>     ['this', 'string', 'sucks'],
>     ['string', 'not', 'good'],
>     ['what', 'a', 'string']
>     ]
>
> def f(target, ListOfLists):
>     for N in ListOfLists:
>         try:
>             i = N.index(target)
>         except ValueError:
>             continue
>
>         # item before target
>         if i: yield N[i - 1]
>
>         # item after target
>         try:
>             yield N[i + 1]
>         except IndexError:
>             pass
>
> print set(n for n in f('string', data))
>
> # Prints set(['this', 'not', 'is', 'sucks', 'a'])
>
>
> Now, this works and normally I'd be happy with this and not try to
> improve it unless I found that it was a bottleneck.  However, in this
> case I know that when a try..except statement fails (i.e. executes the
> except part of the statement) it's "slow", *and* I know that the real
> list of lists will have many lists in it in which the target item does
> not appear.
>
> That means that the first try..except statement will be executing it's
> except clause more than half the time, and probably *much* more than
> half the time.


Nevermind,  it turns out that each list in the list of lists will
*always* contain the target item,  making this task much less
interesting.

~Simon



From eric_brunel at despammed.com  Mon Jul 17 10:57:22 2006
From: eric_brunel at despammed.com (Eric Brunel)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 16:57:22 +0200
Subject: Problems with Tkinter and threads
References: <1153133887.968728.127910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<op.tct3ieo6rqur0o@eb.pragmadev>
	<1153142446.012036.266470@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <op.tct85wuprqur0o@eb.pragmadev>

On Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:20:46 +0200, Claus Tondering  
<claus.tondering at gmail.com> wrote:

> Eric Brunel wrote:
>> This is where the problem is: if you do just a event_generate without
>> specifying the 'when' option, the binding is fired immediately in the
>> current thread. To be sure that an event is created and that the thread
>> switch actually happens, do:
>>
>> app.event_generate("<<myevent1>>", when='tail')
>>
>> and things should work fine.
>
> Nice!
>
> Obviously, there are important things that I don't know about Tkinter.
> Unless I'm much mistaken, neither Fredrik Lundh's "An Introduction to
> Tkinter" nor John W. Shipman's "Tkinter reference: a GUI for Python"
> mentions the when='tail' option.

The ultimate documentation is unfortunately still the tcl/tk man pages.  
There is an on-line version here:

http://www.tcl.tk/man/

Once you've understood how to convert the tcl syntax to Python/Tkinter,  
it's always the most up-to-date source of information.

HTH
-- 
python -c "print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in  
'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17l8(%,5.Z*(93-965$l7+-'])"


From shejo284 at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 15:29:04 2006
From: shejo284 at gmail.com (Sheldon)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 12:29:04 -0700
Subject: Classes and global statements
In-Reply-To: <44a9474b$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
References: <1151938444.942398.277860@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44a9474b$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1151954944.820642.56380@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Scott David Daniels skrev:

> Sheldon wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I have a series of classes that are all within the same file. Each is
> > called at different times by the main script. Now I have discovered
> > that I need several variables returned to the main script. Simple,
> > right? I thought so and simply returned the variables in a tuple:
> > (a,b,c,d,e) = obj.method()
> > Now I keep getting this error: "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size"
> What you need to do at this point is read the _whole_ error message
> (including the ugly traceback stuff).  Think hard about what is going
> on.  "ValueError: unpack tuple of wrong size" comes from returning
> a tuple of a different size than your assignment is producing:
>
>      def triple(v):
>          return v, v*v
>
>      x, y, z = triple(13)
>
> Break up the assignment and insert prints:
>
>      # x, y, z = triple(13)
>      temp = triple(13)
>      print "I'm going to expand the triple:", temp
>      x, y, z = temp
>
>
> >  I think this is because I am trying to return some Numeric arrays as
> > well as list and I didn't declare these prior to calling the class
> > method.
> Don't guess and hypothesize; create experiments and test.  Your
> reasoning is off in the ozone.  You waste a lot of time creating
> great theories; make tiny theories and _test_ them.
>
> <<and the theories wander farther and farther off into the weeds>>
>
> --Scott David Daniels
> scott.daniels at acm.org



Thanks for sound advice!
Will give it another go.

/Sheldon



From chris.cavalaria at free.fr  Wed Jul 19 06:26:42 2006
From: chris.cavalaria at free.fr (Christophe)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:26:42 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Patrick Maupin a ?crit :
> The perverse wish, expressed in the specific example, that SOME piece
> of code SOMEWHERE should PLEASE throw an exception because some idiot
> passed a generator expression rather than a list into a function, is
> not apt to be well received by an audience which strives for generality
> when it makes sense

Well then, you haven't beed using enouth generator expressions or else, 
that kind of mistake would have bitten you badly by now and you would 
agree with that remark !

> confronted with the wished-for exception, would fix the function so
> that it quite happily accepted generator expressions, rather than
> changing a conditional to use len() just so that an equivalent
> exception could happen a bit earlier.

Thanks but NO. If that function needs to iterate twice on the 
expression, then it needs to iterate twice and passing it a generator 
will only cause strange bugs.


From uche.ogbuji at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 22:36:50 2006
From: uche.ogbuji at gmail.com (uche.ogbuji at gmail.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 19:36:50 -0700
Subject: Amara: Where's my attribute?
In-Reply-To: <1151570478.731909.154790@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151570478.731909.154790@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1151894210.515219.119830@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

AdSR wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I'm having a problem with the Amara toolkit. Try this:
>
> >>> from amara import binderytools
> >>> raw = '<pq:test xmlns="http://example.com/namespace" xmlns:pq="http://pq.com/ns2"/>'
> >>> rwd = binderytools.bind_string(raw)
> >>> print rwd.xml()
> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
> <pq:test xmlns:pq="http://pq.com/ns2"/>
>
> What happened to the xmlns attribute? Does anyone know a solution to
> this? The only workaround I found is to:
>
> >>> rwd.test.xml_set_attribute(u'xmlns', u'http://example.com/namespace')
> u'xmlns'
> >>> print rwd.xml()
> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
> <pq:test xmlns:pq="http://pq.com/ns2"
> xmlns="http://example.com/namespace"/>
>
> but it only helps if you know what to patch.
>
> My setup:
>
> Python 2.4.3
> 4Suite 1.0b3
> Amara 1.0
>
> I see that people have reported similar problems with other XML
> toolkits, so I guess this is a general namespace ugliness.

What is the actual problem you're trying to solve?  If you just want to
force a namespace declaration in output (this is sually to support
QNames in content) the most well-known XML hack is to create a dummy
attribute with the needed prefix and namespace.  But this does not work
when you're trying to force a default namespace declaration.  Then
again, you generally can't use QNames in content with a default
namespace declaration.  So my guess is that you somehow got way off the
rails in your problem-solving, and you'll need to provide mre
background if you want help.

BTW, I recommend upgrading to Amara 1.1.7.  That branch will soon be
1.2, and I consider it more mature than 1.0 at this point.  The API's
also easier:

>>> import amara
>>> rwd = amara.parse('<pq:test xmlns="http://example.com/namespace" xmlns:pq="http://pq.com/ns2"/>')


--
Uche Ogbuji                               Fourthought, Inc.
http://uche.ogbuji.net                    http://fourthought.com
http://copia.ogbuji.net                   http://4Suite.org
Articles: http://uche.ogbuji.net/tech/publications/



From riquito at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 07:19:29 2006
From: riquito at gmail.com (riquito at gmail.com)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 04:19:29 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152783982.293227.100490@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8062.1152697651.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152778446.236509.151730@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.13.08.34.51.558380@gmx.net>
	<1152781176.494803.127960@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61066$0$11777$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152783982.293227.100490@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152875969.001788.170440@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


mystilleef ha scritto:

> Methods are used to perform actions. Data attributes usually aren't. We
> are on different planes.

You aren't thinking pythonic. You should not make any difference
between accessing an attribute and accessing a function. They both just
need to receive the right data to process (and the module doc must tell
you wich is it).
There is of course many python code wich doesn't use properties, but
that's up to the developer: everybody write the way they like. You
could also find code with both getter/setter AND properties.
well used properties make your code cleaner, but if you don't find
yourself confortable with them, just don't use them, but never forget
them.

Riccardo



From tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com  Tue Jul  4 08:07:18 2006
From: tim.leeuwvander at nl.unisys.com (Tim N. van der Leeuw)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 05:07:18 -0700
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
Message-ID: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

The following might be documented somewhere, but it hit me unexpectedly
and I couldn't exactly find this in the manual either.

Problem is, that I cannot use augmented assignment operators in a
nested scope, on variables from the outer scope:

PythonWin 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit
(Intel)] on win32.
Portions Copyright 1994-2004 Mark Hammond (mhammond at skippinet.com.au) -
see 'Help/About PythonWin' for further copyright information.
>>> def foo():
... 	def nestedfunc(bar):
... 		print bar, ';', localvar
... 		localvar += 1
... 	localvar=0
... 	nestedfunc('bar')
...
>>> foo()
bar =Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
  File "<interactive input>", line 6, in foo
  File "<interactive input>", line 3, in nestedfunc
UnboundLocalError: local variable 'localvar' referenced before
assignment
>>>

This is entirely counter-intuitive to me, and searching the manual for
nested scoping rules and for augmented assignment rules, I still feel
that I couldn't have predicted this from the docs.

Is this an implementation artifact, bug, or should it really just
follow logically from the language definition?

Regards,

--Tim



From aleax at mac.com  Mon Jul  3 23:47:56 2006
From: aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli)
Date: Mon, 3 Jul 2006 20:47:56 -0700
Subject: Out of the box database support
References: <mailman.7721.1151930487.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhw7yz.1542xd7fgb5vvN%aleax@mac.com>
	<45e0ec7b0607030943i4f8f0e8fhd54a32c0fa100805@mail.gmail.com>
	<44A95066.3050106@hathawaymix.org>
	<mailman.7737.1151963299.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1151978127.374419.282440@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7741.1151981483.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1hhx188.1j5p1xr1l00bmbN%aleax@mac.com>
	<1151983107.492616.57610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1hhx33e.1q23dgq163zcakN%aleax@mac.com>

BartlebyScrivener <rpdooling at gmail.com> wrote:

> Alex Martelli wrote:
> 
> > http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/13
> 
> Leave it to the guy who can quote Borges and The Celestial Emporium of
> Benevolent Knowledge while explaining multiple inheritance.
> 
> See Cookbook 2nd Ed pg. 234

<bow>...;-)


Alex


From rtw at freenet.co.uk  Wed Jul 19 14:08:58 2006
From: rtw at freenet.co.uk (Rob Williscroft)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 13:08:58 -0500
Subject: Partial classes
References: <1153289450.754687.193480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153291297.417633.302630@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1153292410.476691.218950@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.19.07.21.39.441924@gmx.net>
	<9Sqvg.2519$No6.50604@news.tufts.edu>
	<44be40c1$0$21612$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <Xns9805C2EC77C47rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote in news:44be40c1$0$21612$636a55ce at news.free.fr
in comp.lang.python: 

> John Salerno wrote:
>> Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
>> 
>>> Can you flesh out your use case a little bit and tell why you can't
>>> solve the problem with inheritance or a meta class?
>> 
>> 
>> From my experience with C#, the only real use for partial classes is
>> when you want to separate your GUI code from the rest of your logic.
> 
> What the ... is GUI code doing in a domain object ???

It doesn't (shouldn't) really work like that.

The partial classes are used by GUI designer tools (Visual Studio[1] 
and SharpDevelop[2] for example) to seperate code that the tool generates 
from code (event handlers etc) that the programmer writes.

IOW hopefully both parts of the class have GUI code in them.

[1] http://msdn.microsoft.com/vstudio/
[2] http://www.sharpdevelop.net/OpenSource/SD/

Rob.
-- 
http://www.victim-prime.dsl.pipex.com/


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 04:21:57 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:21:57 +0200
Subject: How to terminate a main script?
References: <4hh4ukF1pvc8tU1@news.dfncis.de>
Message-ID: <e8vn35$86f$1@sea.gmane.org>

Helmut Jarausch wrote:

> Using sys.exit(0) produces an error
> message which looks dangerous to an
> uninitiated user.

sys.exit(0) doesn't print anything at all.

$ python
>>> import sys
>>> sys.exit(0)
$

however, sys.exit() raises an exception to tell the runtime that it wants
to terminate the program, so if you're using a catch-all exception handler
that treats all exceptions as dangerous errors, it'll look like a dangerous
error too.

the solution is simple: don't do that.  instead of writing:

    try:
        ...
    except:
        print "OMG! Ponies!"

write

    try:
        ...
    except (SystemExit, KeyboardInterupt):
        raise
    except:
        print "OMG! Ponies!"

</F> 





From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Sun Jul  2 01:19:39 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2006 05:19:39 GMT
Subject: python/libxml2dom questions
References: <mailman.7700.1151815090.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <LHIpg.9655$Bh.1881@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"bruce" <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote in message
news:mailman.7700.1151815090.27775.python-list at python.org...
> hi paul...
>
> in playing around with the test python app (see below) i've got a couple
of
> basic questions. i can't seem to find the answers via google, and when
i've
> looked in the libxml2dom stuff that i downloaded i didn't see answers
> either...
>
> for the list in the "for label in d.xpath" how can i find out the size of
> the list???? a simple/basic question, but it's driving me up a wall!!!
>
I'm at a loss.  Python ships with sample code.  libxml2dom ships with sample
code.  Somewhere in there must be code that evaluates the length (hint) of a
list.

What search terms are you googling for?  The 3rd link returned from Google,
searching for "python list size" is this one.

http://www.brpreiss.com/books/opus7/html/page82.html

Yes, this is a simple/basic question.  It is so simple/basic, that it gets
discussed in just about every Python tutorial within the first 3 pages.

> also, how can i determine what methods are available for a libxml2dom
> object?

Didn't I post a message earlier describing dir and help?  You need to do
some basic reading, man!


-- Paul
Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day;
give a man a fish every day and you feed him for the rest of his life.




From manstey at csu.edu.au  Sun Jul  9 17:15:16 2006
From: manstey at csu.edu.au (manstey)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 14:15:16 -0700
Subject: looping question 4 NEWB
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.06.15.35.38.544470@gmx.net>
References: <1152182594.168085.10660@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.06.15.35.38.544470@gmx.net>
Message-ID: <1152479716.258941.43600@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Thanks Marc, that was very helpful.

Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote:
> In <1152182594.168085.10660 at m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>, manstey wrote:
>
> > I often have code like this:
> >
> > data='asdfbasdf'
> > find = (('a','f')('s','g'),('x','y'))
> > for i in find:
> >    if i[0] in data:
> >        data = data.replace(i[0],i[1])
> >
> > is there a faster way of implementing this? Also, does the if clause
> > increase the speed?
>
> It decreases it.  You search through `data` in the ``if`` clause.  If it's
> `False` then you have searched the whole data and skip the replace.  If
> it's `True` you searched into data until there's a match and the the
> `replace()` starts again from the start and searches/replaces through the
> whole data.
>
> You can get rid of the indexes and make the code a bit clearer by the way:
>
> for old, new in find:
>     data = data.replace(old, new)
> 
> Ciao,
> 	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch



From jsbraich at gmail.com  Sat Jul  8 16:22:30 2006
From: jsbraich at gmail.com (jb)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 13:22:30 -0700
Subject: How to check if the connectivity is via Ethernet or dial-up
Message-ID: <1152390149.961365.282720@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi all:

I was just wondering if there is a way to check (using python
scripting) whether the computer's connectivity is via Dial-up or
LAN/Ethernet adaptor? Is there a way in python to check the status of
all available Ethernet adaptors?  If not is there a way to achieve this
by  just checking some network parameters using System module?.

Please help.

Thanks,
-JS



From nephish at xit.net  Mon Jul 17 15:36:00 2006
From: nephish at xit.net (nephish at xit.net)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 12:36:00 -0700
Subject: how to know if socket is still connected
In-Reply-To: <12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>
References: <1153079746.023584.46250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<12blgl1t9egsqb8@corp.supernews.com> <gihso3-tsu.ln1@lairds.us>
	<12bnaunf0r05b9a@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153159275.895591.260140@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnmq28r05b1ad@corp.supernews.com>
	<1153162671.571042.88840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bnnrs4518dv25@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1153164960.252709.46920@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> If the server _application_ crashes or exits, then the OS will
> close the socket and recv() will return "".  If somebody powers
> down the server without warning, or if the server OS crashes,
> or if the Ethernet cable between the Internet and the server is
> cut, then the socket will not be closed, and recv() will wait
> forever[1].

Ok, yes all of the above is what i mean. Actually I am not too
concerned about a server os crash, or the cable being cut. But I have
had them close the connection on me, after which i just reconnect
(whenever i discover that its happened)

>[1] Unless you've enabled the TCP Keepalive feature, in which
>     case the socket will timeout in a couple hours and recv()
>     will return "".

if this is something that must be enabled, or is not enabled by
default, then it is not enabled.
so i should be pretty good.

thanks for all of your help, gents !
-sk




Grant Edwards wrote:
> On 2006-07-17, nephish at xit.net <nephish at xit.net> wrote:
>
> > oh, sorry, what i mean by dropped is that the server i am
> > connecting to can close the connection.
>
> Then recv() will return "" and send() will raise an exception.
>
> > If that happens, i need to know about it. i also need to know
> > about it if the server i am connecting to just dies.
>
> Again, you have to define what you mean by "server just dies".
>
> If the server _application_ crashes or exits, then the OS will
> close the socket and recv() will return "".  If somebody powers
> down the server without warning, or if the server OS crashes,
> or if the Ethernet cable between the Internet and the server is
> cut, then the socket will not be closed, and recv() will wait
> forever[1].
>
> > if recv() returns "" is that the same as NONE ?
>
> No.  It's the empty string (also spelt '').
>
> > I mean can the value be tested true or false?
>
> Yes.  The empty string is false, all non-empty strings are
> true.
>
> [1] Unless you've enabled the TCP Keepalive feature, in which
>     case the socket will timeout in a couple hours and recv()
>     will return "".
>
> --
> Grant Edwards                   grante             Yow!  Now I am depressed...
>                                   at
>                                visi.com



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 18:35:39 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:35:39 -0700
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
In-Reply-To: <Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
Message-ID: <1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Philippe Martin wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
>
> > So why don't you get a freely available "bignum" package, throw away
> > the bits you don' t want, and just compile it and use it, instead of
> > writing your own bug-ridden (see below) routines? Oh yeah, the bignum
> > package might use "long" and you think that you don't have access to
> > 32-bit longs in the C compiler for the 8-bit device that you mistook
> > for an arm but then said is an Smc8831 [Google can't find it] with a
> > CPU that you think is a SC88 [but the manual whose URL you gave is for
> > an S1C88] ...
> >
>
> Thanks for the fixes - still looking at it.
>
> You are correct, all "bignum" packages I found needed 32 bits.
>
> Yes I still see from my documentation that there is no "long" handled by my
> compiler.

Have you actually tried it? Do you mean it barfs on the word "long"
[meaning that it's not an ANSI-compliant C compiler], or that "long" is
only 16 bits?

>
> I did make a mistake on the CPU (and I really do not care what it is) - you
> wanted some ref (I still do not see why)

because (1) [like I said before] gcc appears to be able to generate
code for a vast number of different CPUs (2) because I find it very
difficult to believe that a C compiler for the CPU on a device in
current use won't support 32-bit longs -- and so far you have presented
no credible evidence to the contrary

>  and I googled S1C88 and sent you a
> link as that is the name of the compiler's directory.

and is that or is it not the correct link for the documentation for the
compiler that you are using??????

>
> The reason I first came here was to not have to write my "... own
> bug-ridden ..." (how nice) ... I have plenty of other bugs to write first.
>



From skodela at lithium.com  Wed Jul  5 22:58:23 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Thu, 06 Jul 2006 02:58:23 +0000
Subject: problems with midi programming in python
In-Reply-To: <1152149039.188634.286070@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <44ac3747$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<1152149039.188634.286070@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ac6920_2@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

Simon Forman wrote:
> Not related to your actual question, but note:
> 
>>       if len(result) == 0:
> 
> empty lists test as False, so this can just be
> 
>>       if not result:
> 
> 
> 
> and
> 
>>           result[len(result)-1] -= 128
> 
> you can index lists with negative ints, backwards from the end of the
> list, so this can be
> 
>>           result[-1] -= 128
> 
> 
> Those are two of my favorite things about python.  :-)
> 
> 
> Peace,
> ~Simon
> 
I love python. However, not so shamefully, the above isn't my code. I am 
not that good :-(

I scavenged most of the bit shifting code from the net. I am ok with 
most of the data structures but bit shifting flies past my head, too far 
above.

Ta
sree


From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Thu Jul 13 13:07:17 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 10:07:17 -0700
Subject: Multiplatform scripts: Can I avoid os.sep?
Message-ID: <1152810436.951000.260420@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

I am developing scripts that must run on both Linux and windows.

My scripts contain lots of relative paths (such as log\\log.txt or
ctl\\table.ctl) If I use os.sep, it makes the code ugly. Is there any
tips or techniques to have Python automatically converts \\ to / when
the script runs on Linux? What is the best way to deal with this
situation?

Thank you,
Max



From pavlovevidence at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 15:15:01 2006
From: pavlovevidence at gmail.com (Carl Banks)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 12:15:01 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153321023.751396.136950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153199597.837929.150710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153240327.611631.76600@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be08cd$0$5513$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153321023.751396.136950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153336501.199465.227060@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Patrick Maupin wrote:
> The original post did not say "this function is iterating twice over
> the same data."  It only said that there might be a significant
> computational cost on an empty iterator, and wished that the code would
> somehow throw an exception to alert the programmer to this cost.

You're misrepresenting what I said.  Cost was merely the
best-case-scenario.  Bugs could arise if, say, the finalization
silently depends on non-empty iterable.


> But this is still not a good reason why, in the general
> case, "if len(lst)" should be preferred over "if lst".

Whatever.  The OP asked for a reason one should be preferred over the
other; this was simply one reason to use "if len(lst)>0".  Not good
enough for you?  Fine, you still have all the reasons to continue to
use "if lst" (as opposed to just bashing "if len(lst)>0") that you and
others have shared with us in this thread.

(Wait a second....)


Carl Banks



From jake.emerson at onerain.com  Sun Jul  9 00:29:23 2006
From: jake.emerson at onerain.com (Jake Emerson)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 21:29:23 -0700
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <7xodvzv2gt.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02><7xodvzv2gt.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1152419363.638809.247720@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

There have been lots of recommendations for the O'Reilly book, which is
a good one. However, I would recommend "Beginning Python" by Magnus Lie
Hetland. All I knew before starting Python was Mathematica, and this
book was very helpful. It may seem to start out slow, but I've found
that I'm going back to those first chapters occasionally to review and
practice the syntax. It, and this group, have carried me through some
pretty tough problems (for me anyway). It's been worth it. Good luck.

Jake



From garabik-news-2005-05 at kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk  Thu Jul 20 10:37:38 2006
From: garabik-news-2005-05 at kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk (garabik-news-2005-05 at kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:37:38 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: text representation of HTML
References: <mailman.8329.1153303761.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9o4fi$2tld$1@ns.felk.cvut.cz>

Ksenia Marasanova <ksenia.marasanova at gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I am looking for a library that will give me very simple text
> representation of HTML.
> For example
> <div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>
> 
> will be transformed to:
> 
> Title
> 
> This is a
> test
> 
> 
> i want to send plain text alternative of html email, and would prefer
> to do it automatically from HTML source.

something like this:

import re
text = '<div><h1>Title</h1><p>This is a <br />test</p></div>'
text = re.sub(r'[\n\ \t]+', ' ', text)
text = re.sub(r'(?i)(\<p\>|\<br\>|\<h[1-6]\>)', '\n', text)
result = re.sub('<.+?>', '', text)
print result

-- 
 -----------------------------------------------------------
| Radovan Garab?k http://kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk/~garabik/ |
| __..--^^^--..__    garabik @ kassiopeia.juls.savba.sk     |
 -----------------------------------------------------------
Antivirus alert: file .signature infected by signature virus.
Hi! I'm a signature virus! Copy me into your signature file to help me spread!


From timr at probo.com  Tue Jul  4 02:07:54 2006
From: timr at probo.com (Tim Roberts)
Date: Tue, 04 Jul 2006 06:07:54 GMT
Subject: a question about "return"
References: <1151982728.154138.20310@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <0b1ka2dktk4pl14959kgmhrfjb489kk40k@4ax.com>

"yaru22" <yaru22 at gmail.com> wrote:

>In one of the examples in the book I'm reading, it says:
>
>def __init__(self):
>    ...
>    ...
>    ...
>    return
>
>It has nothing after "return". I expected it to have some number like 0
>or 1.
>
>What does it mean to have nothing after return?

It means "the function is over, go back to the caller now".

>Why do we even include "return" if we are not putting any value after?

If it is the last statement in the function, then you are right, it serves
no purpose.  Some people include one for completeness -- a coding standard
that "all paths must have a return statement", for instance.
-- 
- Tim Roberts, timr at probo.com
  Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc.


From f.braennstroem at gmx.de  Sat Jul 29 12:33:02 2006
From: f.braennstroem at gmx.de (Fabian Braennstroem)
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 2006 18:33:02 +0200
Subject: install python on cdrom
Message-ID: <slrnecn3du.5i8.f.braennstroem@node1.ut.TU-Berlin.DE>

Hi,

I look for an easy way to use the newest scipy, pyvtk, matplotlib,
f2py, numpy, paraview/vtk,... on a entreprise redhat machine
without administration rights.
My first thought was to install the whole new python system
on a cdrom/dvd and mounting it, when I need it. Would that
be the easiest way? I would be glad to read some
hints about the way doing it... 

Greetings!
 Fabian



From dpryan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 12:08:14 2006
From: dpryan at gmail.com (dpryan)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:08:14 -0700
Subject: Paste text across multiple text boxes
In-Reply-To: <1153838704.180039.159300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153835545.941975.183970@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153838704.180039.159300@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153843694.856528.286040@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Thanks! This will get me started.

Simon Hibbs wrote:
> This link seems to have some relevent code.
>
> http://lists.wxwidgets.org/archive/wxPython-users/msg07340.html
> 
> Simon Hibbs



From justin.azoff at gmail.com  Thu Jul 13 20:28:32 2006
From: justin.azoff at gmail.com (Justin  Azoff)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 17:28:32 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1152836912.715940.187100@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Tom Plunket wrote:
> 	boilerplate = \
> """
[big string]
> """
>
> 	return boilerplate % ((module,) * 3)
>
> My question is, I don't like hardcoding the number of times that the
> module name should be repeated in the two return functions.  Is there
> an straight forward (inline-appropriate) way to count the number of
> '%s'es in the 'boilerplate' strings?  ...or maybe a different and more
> Pythonic way to do this?  (Maybe I could somehow use generators?)
>
> thx.
> -tom!

Of course..

>>> stuff = {'lang': 'python', 'page': 'typesseq-strings.html'}
>>> print """I should read the %(lang)s documentation at
... http://docs.%(lang)s.org/lib/%(page)s""" % stuff
I should read the python documentation at
http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html


-- 
- Justin



From gelists at gmail.com  Mon Jul 24 16:35:50 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 17:35:50 -0300
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <cli7s3vpsx0o.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-24 17:09:24, Steve Holden wrote:

> Would I do? 

It seems so :)

> If there's a binding to a name *anywhere* in the function's body then
> that name is treated as local to the function. 
> 
> This is a matter of static analysis, and is irrespective of where in the
> body the assignment is found. 

One difficulty I'm having is knowing the proper terminology when looking
for an effect like this. Just someone rephrasing the question using the
proper terms already helps a lot. "Binding" seems to be the keyword here.

It is surprising in the sense that binding seems not to be necessary for
read access. 


Going back to the original question... What would be the most common/useful
way to access variables from the outer function for writing from within the
inner function?

Thanks,
Gerhard



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Thu Jul 27 14:20:03 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:20:03 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154023507.615198.110150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153970008.204968.325450@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8622.1154017081.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154023507.615198.110150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C903D3.1080106@mvista.com>

bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>   
>> Ah, alright, I think I understand, so threading works well for sharing
>> python objects.  Would a scenario for this be something like a a job
>> queue (say Queue.Queue) for example.  This is a situation in which each
>> process/thread needs access to the Queue to get the next task it must
>> work on.  Does that sound right?
>>     
>
> That's a reasonable and popular technique. I'm not sure what "this"
> refers to in your question, so I can't say if it solves the
> problem of which you are thinking.
>
>   
>>  Would the same apply to multiple
>> threads needed access to a dictionary? list?
>>     
>
> The Queue class is popular with threads because it already has
> locking around its basic methods. You'll need to serialize your
> operations when sharing most kinds of objects.
>
>   
Yes yes, of course.  I was just making sure we are on the same page, and 
I think I'm finally getting there.


>> Now if you are just passing ints and strings around, use processes with
>> some type of IPC, does that sound right as well?
>>     
>
> Also reasonable and popular. You can even pass many Python objects
> by value using pickle, though you lose some safety.
>   
I actually do use pickle (not for this, but for other things), could you 
elaborate on the safety issue? 


>   
>>  Or does the term
>> "shared memory" mean something more low-level like some bits that don't
>> necessarily mean anything to python but might mean something to your
>> application?
>>     
>
> Shared memory means the same memory appears in multiple processes,
> possibly at different address ranges. What any of them writes to
> the memory, they can all read. The standard Python distribution
> now offers shared memory via os.mmap(), but lacks cross-process
> locks.
>   
> Python doesn't support allocating objects in shared memory, and
> doing so would be difficult. That's what the POSH project is
> about, but it looks stuck in alpha.
>
>
>   


-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 17 14:41:21 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 20:41:21 +0200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8257.1153158306.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <e9glk2$c47$00$2@news.t-online.com>

Steve Holden wrote:

> I'll bet you still write
> 
> if a>3 == True:
> 
> don't you ;-)

I'll second that.

if (a>3) == True:

is the correct way :-) 

Peter


From peer.griebel at gmail.com  Sat Jul 29 07:54:28 2006
From: peer.griebel at gmail.com (Dr. Peer Griebel)
Date: 29 Jul 2006 04:54:28 -0700
Subject: Partial Classes - Aspects
Message-ID: <1154174068.496542.147020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

I'm currently writing a small toy application to support symbolic
algebra.  Therefore I implemented some classes Term, Var, Number, Sum,
Product, Power.  These classes are tightly coupled.  So it is not
possible to organize them in distinct files. This would result in
cyclic imports.

To manage the complexity I implemented some sort of aspect oriented
programming (perhaps aspect oriented programming is not quite right in
this context...). That is I implemented a mechanism to dynamically add
methods to existing classes.  This is similar to the thread "Partial
classes" discussed in this list.  Therefore hereby offer some use case
for partial classes.

The aspects I already implemented are amongst others: pretty printing,
differentiation, expansion of terms.  The aspect for expansion looks
like this:


# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
__aspect__ = "Expand"

class TermExpand:
    def expand(self):
        return self

class SumExpand:
    def expand(self):
        ...

def expandSum(term, sum):
    # some helper function
    ...

class ProductExpand:
    def expand(self):
        ...

class PowerExpand:
    def expand(self):
        ...



The code to import an aspect into existing classes accepts as a
parameter the name of a module.  The module will be imported.
Afterwards the code iterates over all elements defined in the module.
If it is a (specially named) class all methods will be copied to the
original class.  If it is a (top level) function it will be copied into
the global namespace.  E.g. the method expand of the class TermExpand
will be copyied to the base class Term.

The difficulty with this approach is that the classes' methods and the
functions do operate in the wrong global namespace.  Since these
functions/methods are located in their own module they get their own
namespace.  To correct this I have to use new.function() to create new
methods/functions with the correct namespace (which is the base
module's namespace).

So my questions boil down to this:

* Do you think this is a sound approach to structure my code?
* I don't like the necessity to modify the functions. Is there a
simpler approach? 

Thanks,
  Peer



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Sat Jul  8 20:51:23 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Sat, 08 Jul 2006 19:51:23 -0500
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <fqYrg.6802$nK.3706@dukeread05>

I don't know, if I were the genious that made up Python I would not believe
in any bible (small b)





IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:

> I want to learn python.
> I plan to buy a book. I always find printed material more convenient than
> reading on-line tutorials.
> I don't know PERL or any other scripting language. I only know some BASH
> programming. I am looking for a book which will help me get started and
> should contain the foundations. I am not looking for the Python bible.
> Any recommendations?
> Ioannis



From ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand  Tue Jul 18 02:46:24 2006
From: ldo at geek-central.gen.new_zealand (Lawrence D'Oliveiro)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 18:46:24 +1200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
Message-ID: <e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz>

In message <Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d at nmt.edu>, Bob Greschke wrote:

> I'd go even one step further.  Turn it into English (or your favorite
> non-computer language):
> 
> 1. While list, pop.
> 
> 2. While the length of the list is greater than 0, pop.
> 
> Which one makes more sense?  Guess which one I like.  CPU cycles be
> damned.
> :)

One of my rules is, always program like the language actually has a Boolean
type, even if it doesn't. That means, never assume that arbitrary values
can be interpreted as true or false, always put in an explicit comparison
if necessary so it's obvious the expression is a Boolean.


From g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 14:22:08 2006
From: g.brandl-nospam at gmx.net (Georg Brandl)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 20:22:08 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<e9i02o$bca$1@lust.ihug.co.nz> <e9ksvr$g8u$1@news.albasani.net>
	<slrnebs99r.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e9lt8i$icb$1@news.albasani.net>

Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> Other than in PHP, Python has clear rules when an object of a builtin type
>> is considered false (i.e. when it's empty). So why not take advantage of
>> this?
> 
> Because it doesn't always do what I want.
> 
> I once had a producer consumer code. When the client asked whether new
> items were available the function could return three different values
> 
>   1) a list with items, to be consumed
>   2) an empty list (meaning there were no items available for the
>                     moment but there could be in the future
>   3) None (meaning the producer was done)
> 
> Just testing for the truth value of the returned result in order
> to see whether the client should continue or not would often
> have made the client exit prematurely.
>
> IME such cases where testing for the truth value of an object
> don't give the expected result, happen often enough to make me
> carefully think about what I want to test for and then explicitly
> do so.

You're right, carefully thinking is always a good thing. Not using a
language feature just because it would fail in another case is not.

Georg


From brochu121 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 16:15:13 2006
From: brochu121 at gmail.com (david brochu jr)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 16:15:13 -0400
Subject: PAMIE error help needed
Message-ID: <9583ed900607191315p58f87a9egf8196d934d5baf06@mail.gmail.com>

I have thrown together a script which reads a list or urls from a txt file
and navigates to each url while recording how long it takes for the page to
render completely using PAMIE. For some reason I randomly get crashes
reporting:


  File "c:\Python24\scripts\PAM.py", line 30, in IE_Invoke
    ie.Navigate(url)
  File "C:\Python24\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py", line 496,
in
__getattr__
    raise AttributeError, "%s.%s" % (self._username_, attr)
AttributeError: InternetExplorer.Application.Navigate

The code I use to browse through the list;

for x in f:
        ie = IE_Invoke(x)
        starttime = time.clock()   #get timestamp at IE startup
        wait(ie)     #wait for IE to completetly load page
        stoptime = time.clock()    #get timestamp at IE completion
        elapsed = stoptime-starttime   #calculate the runtime
        ie.QUIT()
        excel_open.xlApp.ActiveSheet.Cells(Row,1).Value = x
        excel_open.xlApp.ActiveSheet.Cells(Row,2).Value = elapsed

        Row = Row+1
        count_non_no_tool = count_non_no_tool + 1
        total_non_no_tool = elapsed + total_non_no_tool



    f = f.close()



The script crashes in different locations when it crashes so it doesn't
appear to be one url causing the problem. Any ideas?
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From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 31 05:13:45 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 02:13:45 -0700
Subject: Newbie help - test for data type
References: <mailman.8720.1154335996.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154337225.175831.82810@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Jonathan Bowlas wrote:
> Hi Listers,
>
> I have a requirement to test for a data type could someone tell me if this
> is possible in python?
>
> Basically I have a ZPT in Zope that users can select checkboxes in a form
> which pass arguments for a python function, however if there is only one
> checkbox selected it is passed as a string whereas more than one checkbox is
> passed as a list.
>

Fantastic. If there are 0 checkboxes selected, does it return None?

The built-in function isinstance() will help.

if it is None:
    shouldbe = []
elif isinstance(it, str):
    shouldbe = [it]
elif isinstance(it, list):
    shouldbe = it
else:
    raise WTFError(repr(type(it))

Cheers,
John



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 06:15:36 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 03:15:36 -0700
Subject: TextCtrl focus events in wxWidgets
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153302018.592689.67500@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8327.1153302739.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153304136.363115.185170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:

> It should be quite simple: you need to handle EVT_SET_FOCUS and/or
> EVT_KILL_FOCUS events (documented in the wxPython docs) to know when to
> recaclulate the values. Sounds like that should be enough of a hint to you.

I've tried that, but it doesn't work. Here is the test code:

    self.PlantCtrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, -1, "")

    self.Bind(wx.EVT_KILL_FOCUS, self.OnUpdatePlantCtrl,
self.PlantCtrl)

    def OnUpdatePlantCtrl(self, event):
        print "set Plant"

When the control loses focus, I don't get the message in the console.
I'm trapping other events successfuly elsewhere using similar code.

Simon Hibbs
.



From chris at kateandchris.net  Mon Jul 24 11:16:57 2006
From: chris at kateandchris.net (Chris Lambacher)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:16:57 -0400
Subject: PySNMP Thread unsafe?
In-Reply-To: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153732870.530924.4920@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <20060724151657.GB8234@kateandchris.net>

On Mon, Jul 24, 2006 at 02:21:10AM -0700, rob.audenaerde at gmail.com wrote:
> I'm trying to monitor about 250 devices with SNMP, using PySNMP version
> 4. I use the threading.Thread to create a threadpool of 10 threads, so
> devices not responding won't slow down the monitoring process too much.
> 
> 
> Here comes my problem. When using PySNMP single threaded, every this
> goes well; but if I create 10 threads, it all goes awry... It seems
> PySNMP is not thread safe? Can anyone elaborate on this?
What does 'goes awry' mean?  Your statement is too vague to be able to help
you figure out your problem.
> 
> -- 
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list


From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 05:17:55 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 02:17:55 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
In-Reply-To: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152695875.418115.264180@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Using Python's hash as column in the table might not be a good idea.
You just found out why. So you could instead just use the base url and
create an index based on that so next time just quickly get all urls
from same base address then do a linear search for a specific one, or
even easier, implement your own hashes without using any of the
Python's built-in hash() functions. For example, transform each
character to an int and multply them all mod 2^32-1 or something like
that. Even better I think someone already posted the Python's way of
generating hashes for string, well, just re-implement it in Python such
that your version will yield the same hash on  any platform.

Hope  this helps,
Nick V.

Qiangning Hong wrote:
> I'm writing a spider. I have millions of urls in a table (mysql) to
> check if a url has already been fetched. To check fast, I am
> considering to add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key,
> and use the following sql statement:
>   insert ignore into urls (url, hash) values (newurl, hash_of_newurl)
> to add new url.
>
> I believe this will be faster than making the "url" column unique key
> and doing string comparation.  Right?
>
> However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I found it
> produces different values in my two computers!  In a pentium4,
> hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') -> 12416037344.  Does
> hash function depend on machine's word length?
>
> If it does, I must consider another hash algorithm because the spider
> will run concurrently in several computers, some are 32-bit, some are
> 64-bit.  Is md5 a good choice? Will it be too slow that I have no
> performance gain than using the "url" column directly as the unique
> key?
>
> I will do some benchmarking to find it out. But while making my hands
> dirty, I would like to hear some advice from experts here. :)



From vatamane at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 08:10:22 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 05:10:22 -0700
Subject: Comma is not always OK in the argument list?!
References: <mailman.8648.1154084015.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154088622.794184.37680@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Roman,

According to the Python call syntax definition
(http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html) commas should be allowed, so it
seems like a minor bug.  Here are the  lines in question:
-----http://docs.python.org/ref/calls.html-----------
call ::= primary "(" [argument_list [","]] ")"
argument_list::=positional_arguments ["," keyword_arguments] ["," "*"
expression] ["," "**" expression]
	| keyword_arguments ["," "*" expression] ["," "**" expression]
        | "*" expression ["," "**" expression]
        | "**" expression
----------------------------------------------------------
If you notice in the 'call' definition, no matter what the
'argument_list' is, it can be followed by an optional ',' right before
the closing ')'. Your code is a counterexample to this. Here is a more
exhaustive example:
--------------------------------------------------------
>>> def f(a,b):
...     pass
...
>>> f(1,2)
>>> f(1,2,)
>>> f(1,*[2])
>>> f(1,*[2],)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    f(1,*[2],)
             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> f(1,**{'b':2})
>>> f(1,**{'b':2},)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    f(1,**{'b':2},)
                 ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> f(*[1,2])
>>> f(*[1,2],)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    f(*[1,2],)
             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> f(**{'a':1,'b':2})
>>> f(**{'a':1,'b':2},)
  File "<stdin>", line 1
    f(**{'a':1,'b':2},)
                     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>>
>>> f(1,b=2)
>>> f(1,b=2,)
>>> f(a=1,b=2,)
>>>
-----------------------------------------------------

Anybody else knows more about this?
/invoking the spirit of GvR... ;-)

Nick Vatamaniuc






Roman Susi wrote:
> Hi!
>
> it is interesting that I found this syntax error:
>
> >>> a = {}
> >>> str('sdfd', **a,)
>   File "<stdin>", line 1
>     str('sdfd', **a,)
>                    ^
> SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>
>
> I just wonder is it intentional or by-product (bug or feature)?
> (The behaviour makes sense, of course... I tend to leave commas when I
> expect a list to be added to (i.e. almost always ;-)))
> 
> 
> Regards,
> Roman



From bumtool at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 07:45:51 2006
From: bumtool at yahoo.com (kilnhead)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 04:45:51 -0700
Subject: help a newbie with a IDE/book combination
In-Reply-To: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152488547.659426.153850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152531950.945767.296370@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


mamadu at islamabad.net wrote:
> Hi,
>
> I already have a couple of newbie books on Python itself, but would
> rather get started with a nice to use IDE and I am therefore looking
> for a good IDE to learn Python.  On my computer I have installed eric
> (http://ericide.python-hosting.com/) but it lacks any kind of useful
> documentation on its use.
>
> Is there a good IDE which would be well documented out there?
>
> Many thanks
>
> Mamadu
>
> PS: I use Debian GNU/Linux on all my computers, a 500MHz proc, 256MB
> RAM.



From avelldiroll at yahoo.fr  Thu Jul 20 09:56:53 2006
From: avelldiroll at yahoo.fr (Avell Diroll)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 15:56:53 +0200
Subject: Checking File permissions
In-Reply-To: <1153401547.638537.155130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153401547.638537.155130@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9o237$n4o$1@news.u-bordeaux1.fr>

Anoop wrote:
> Please tell me how to check the existence of a file and the read
> permission to the file using python script

You can check the os module (os.stat comes to mind).

For an exemple you can have a look at :
http://www.pixelbeat.org/talks/python/ls.py

Regards,

Avell


From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul  6 04:59:06 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 01:59:06 -0700
Subject: How to trap the event of a new process starting with wmi
In-Reply-To: <1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152163890.268879.76400@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152166246.899882.145850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152169925.621310.214540@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152176345.998538.134620@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


placid wrote:

> gel wrote:
> > gel wrote:
> >
> > > Below is how it is down with vbscript.  What is the best way to convert
> > > this to python?
> > >
> > > strComputer = "."
> > > Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _
> > >     & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\\" & strComputer &
> > > "\root\cimv2")
> > > Set colMonitoredProcesses = objWMIService. _
> > >     ExecNotificationQuery("select * from __instancecreationevent " _
> > >         & " within 1 where TargetInstance isa 'Win32_Process'")
> > > i = 0
> > >
> > > Do While i = 0
> > >     Set objLatestProcess = colMonitoredProcesses.NextEvent
> > >     Wscript.Echo objLatestProcess.TargetInstance.Name
> > > Loop
> >
> > A better question might be is there a method or guide for converting
> > from vbs wmi to python wmi?
>
> Dont know about converting vbs to python but using Tim Golden's wmi
> module to trap the event of a new process starting is easy.
>
> wmi module can be found at http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html
>
> >>>  import wmi
> >>>  c = wmi.WMI()
> >>>  watcher = c.watch_for (
> >>>       notification_type="Creation"
> >>>       wmi_class="Win32_Process"
> >>>       delay_secs=2,
> >>>       Name='calc.exe'
> >>>  )
> >>>  calc_created = watcher ()
> >>>  print calc_created
>
> and if you want to trap closing down of processes then change
> notification_type to "Deletion"
>
>
> -Cheers

Great, thanks for that, where did you find details on using it.  I am
already using it for another part, but could not find information on
watching processes start and stop.



From jhefferon at smcvt.edu  Mon Jul 17 18:02:42 2006
From: jhefferon at smcvt.edu (Jim)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 15:02:42 -0700
Subject: unicode html
In-Reply-To: <slrnebnu0a.5tt.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebn3hk.9kh.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153161092.684779.270680@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebnm8h.5i7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<1153165862.509280.285230@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebnu0a.5tt.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <1153173761.945546.37770@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Sybren Stuvel wrote:
> Jim enlightened us with:
> > Ah, but I cannot change it.  It is not my machine and the folks who
> > own the machine perceive that the charset line that they use is the
> > right one for them.
>
> Well, _you_ are the one providing the content, aren't you?
?  This site has many people operating off of it (it is
sourceforge-like) and the operators (who are volunteers) are kind
enough to let us use it in the first place.  I presume that they think
the charset line that they use is the one that most people want.
Probably if they changed it then someone else would complain.

> Sounds like they either don't know what they are talking about, or use
> incompetent software. With Apache, it's very easy to give every
> directory its own default character encoding header.
I am operating under constraints.  Asking the operators of the site has
led to the understanding that I must work with the charset parameter
that I have.  That is, I have an environment in which I must work, and
whether you or I think the people providing the service should do it
differently doesn't matter.  I replied originally because I thought I
could give an example of HTML entities providing a way that I can solve
the problem that is entirely under my control.

> > Unfortunately, the <meta> tag idea also does not fly: see
> > http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/charset.html in section 5.2.2 where it
> > states that in a contest the charset parameter wins.
>
> I assume that with "the charset parameter" you mean "the HTTP header",
> as the <meta> tag also has a "charset parameter".
AIUI "charset parameter" is the language of the HTML standard that I
referred to.  For the meta tag, I at least would use "charset
attribute".

> > My only point is that things are complicated
> 
> Call me thick, but from my point of view they aren't.
;-)

Jim



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Sun Jul  2 16:41:35 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Sun, 2 Jul 2006 13:41:35 -0700
Subject: xpath question
In-Reply-To: <44A792D9.8080307@alephzarro.com>
Message-ID: <02e101c69e17$e99d89d0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi

is there anyone with XPath expertise here? i'm trying to figure out if
there's a way to use regex expressions with an xpath query? i've seen
references to the ability to use regex and xpath/xml, but i'm not sure how
to do it...

i have a situation where i have something like:
 /html/table/..../[@class='foo']

is it possible to do soomething like [@class~=/fo/] so i'd match the class
attribute with fo....

i'm trying to parse HTML/Web docs...

thanks

-bruce




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 27 09:35:07 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 15:35:07 +0200
Subject: using names before they're defined
In-Reply-To: <1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323036.369990.182240@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153342661.962932.114840@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153394777.678713.155770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf7225$0$18628$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153423162.245129.224320@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bffc55$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153497191.695228.294010@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153602605.871151.74890@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c482d0$0$30143$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153755874.198732.21810@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c53315$0$17403$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153908432.775604.304120@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c8c10c$0$8256$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

davehowey at f2s.com wrote:
>>>do you mean 'configparser'?
>>
>>Yes.
>>
>>
>>>Does it generate objects from the config file automatically?
>>
>>It generates a representation of the config file as a Python object
>>composed of sections and options. The documentation should get you started.
> 
> 
> Hiya, you might be interested in this alternative config parsing
> program:
> http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html

Yes, I know it. But I don't like it. Either a simple ini file do the
trick, or I need a full blown app-specific DSL - which can be as simple
as a Python file with dicts, lists, etc !-)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From nospam at invalid.com  Wed Jul 26 11:21:22 2006
From: nospam at invalid.com (Jack)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 08:21:22 -0700
Subject: micro authoritative dns server
References: <1153777525.305785.168650@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <vMadnVNi4o_pFVrZnZ2dnUVZ_radnZ2d@comcast.com>

I was looking for something like that. I came across this:
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/491264
It's not ready to use but you can modify it.


<xan2 at ono.com> wrote in message 
news:1153777525.305785.168650 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com...
> Hi,
>
> I'm new in python. I know that there are several classes for writing
> dns servers, but I don't understand it
>
> I just want to know if anyone could help me in writing a code for
> minimal authoritative dns server. I would like that anyone show me the
> code, minimal, for learn how expand it.
>
> The code I desireed should do the following:
>
> 1) It has an hash:
> hosts = { "myhost"   => 84.34.56.67
>                "localhost" => 127.0.0.1,
>                "blue"  => fe80::20f:b0ff:fef2:f106
>         }
> 2) If any application asks if know any hosts, say nothing if this host
> is not in the hash (hosts). If this host is in the hash, return the ip
> 3) And not do anything more
>
> So if we put this server in /etc/resolv.conf then the browsers only
> recognize the hosts we want
>
> Thanks in advance,
> Xan.
>
> PS: For personal communication, DXpublica @@@@@ telefonica.net
> 




From p.barbierdereuille at free.fr  Fri Jul 28 13:07:41 2006
From: p.barbierdereuille at free.fr (Pierre Barbier de Reuille)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 18:07:41 +0100
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns980DC27F63E67rtwfreenetREMOVEcouk@216.196.109.145>
	<1154031193.745221.10580@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ca4465$0$20963$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> Rob Williscroft wrote:
> 
>> If this is more than idle curiosity I strongly suggest you post
>> a version of the python code you need to translate to C++.
> 
> For the moment this is just healthy curiosity but i will still post the
> code i would like to see translated:
> 
> class Parent:
> 	count=0
> 	def __init__(self):
> 		self.__class__.count +=1
> 	@classmethod
> 	def getcount(cls):
> 		return cls.count
> 
> class Child(Parent):
> 	count=0 # replace this line by a 'pass'  statement if you don't want
> to reinitialise the count
> 
> a=Parent()
> b=Parent()
> print Parent.getcount()  # you get 2
> c=Child()
> d=Child()
> e=Child()
> print Child.getcount() # you get 3 (you could get 5 if you don't
> reinitialise the count)
> 
> This is as simple as it can get. I just derive from Parent and i get my
> proper count (added to my parent's if i wish so).
> I wish i could achieve such a code purity in C++.

Well, I hope you understand that this code "purity" is possible only
because of the *dynamic* lookup of the variable name ... Thus, the same
function, once compiled, will be able to determine, at runtime, where
the current variable lies ... At the same time, tries, in Python, to
achieve the count of *all* the instances of a class, meaning that you want :

a = Parent()
b = Child()
c = Parent()
d = Child()
print Child.getcount() # 2
print Parent.getcount() # 4

That time, the automatic name lookup will come in the way as you cannot
have two "count" variables accessible from the same class.
For C++ the problem is inverse, you have a way to obtain the second
thing (using templates or macro), but the first is harder.

Pierre

PS: here is my solution in C++


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
struct Counted
{
  Counted() { ++count; }
  Counted( Counted const& ) { ++count; }
  virtual ~Counted() { --count; }
  static size_t getCount() { return count; }
protected:
  static size_t count;
};

template <class T>
size_t Counted<T>::count = 0;

struct cA : public Counted<cA>
{
  int a;
};

struct cB : public Counted<cB>, public cA
{
  // Needed to be sure of which getCount is called in cB
  using Counted<cB>::getCount;
};

int main()
{
  cA a,b,c;
  cB d,e,f;
  a.a = 1;
  b.a = 1;
  c.a = 1;
  d.a = 1;
  e.a = 1;
  f.a = 1;
    {
    cA g;
    g.a = 1;
    cout << "#cA = " << cA::getCount() << endl; // 7
    cout << "#cB = " << cB::getCount() << endl; // 3
    }
  cout << "#cA = " << cA::getCount() << endl; // 6
  cout << "#cB = " << cB::getCount() << endl; // 3
  return 0;
}


From rpdooling at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 09:57:24 2006
From: rpdooling at gmail.com (BartlebyScrivener)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 06:57:24 -0700
Subject: access to submodules
In-Reply-To: <1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153315605.086825.229830@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153315931.613796.117060@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153317444.615450.139700@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

>> > from tom import *

You CAN do this, but it's a bad habit.

Try:

>>import tom

Then call by tom.function()

rd



From me at privacy.net  Fri Jul 28 06:27:10 2006
From: me at privacy.net (Dan Sommers)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 06:27:10 -0400
Subject: War chest for writing web apps in Python?
References: <o5ajc21tf9t774nsjdj519u8b9iogekp5f@4ax.com>
	<slrnecjiav.a03.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <m2zmeu3tz5.fsf@unique.fqdn>

On Fri, 28 Jul 2006 10:22:55 +0200,
Sybren Stuvel <sybrenUSE at YOURthirdtower.com.imagination> wrote:

> Vincent Delporte enlightened us with:

>> The development and test machine is XP, while ultimate deployment
>> will be on a shared Unix web host.

> That's just begging for huge problems. No insult intended, but it's
> downright stupid to develop and test on one platform, and then deploy
> on another. Every system nowadays is a Unix, except Windows. I suggest
> you pick another system for development and testing.

We just did that at work (developed on the corporate-issued non-Unix
computers and then deployed on a Linux box), and had no problems at all.
In a former life, I was a long-time embedded system developer, where we
*always* developed on one platform and deployed on another.  My
experience with developing on your deployment platform is that it's too
easy for platform dependencies to sneak in without being caught.

Regards,
Dan

-- 
Dan Sommers
<http://www.tombstonezero.net/dan/>
"I wish people would die in alphabetical order." -- My wife, the genealogist


From sashang at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 22:44:57 2006
From: sashang at gmail.com (sashang at gmail.com)
Date: 5 Jul 2006 19:44:57 -0700
Subject: mirroring object attributes using xml-rpc
In-Reply-To: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152141149.065123.87870@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152153897.151636.218790@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Just to make things clearer the problem I have is  if I do this:

c = xmlrpclib.ServerProxy("http://somewhere")
c.i

I get this error:

<Fault 1: "exceptions.TypeError:'int' object is not callable">

So how do I fake things so that xmlrpc knows not to try and call i but
gets the value of i instead?



From steve at holdenweb.com  Tue Jul 25 03:15:34 2006
From: steve at holdenweb.com (Steve Holden)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 08:15:34 +0100
Subject: About Embedding PyWin or wxPython
In-Reply-To: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153789087.296383.205700@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea4gen$hi1$1@sea.gmane.org>

Mr. Roboto wrote:
> Folks:  I want to embark on a project to add Python (actually, wxPython
> or PythonWin) to a new Windows app I want to start writing soon.
> Essentially, I want to take VB6 (or pos Delphi) and construct the app
> framework/core functionality using one of those languages, then extend
> the app w/ Python, the same way one can extend the MS Office apps
> using VBA.  The core Python docs provide the fundamental info one
> needs to get started.  But, I've been looking for some pointers to
> articles/web pages that will bootstrap the effort, so I won't have to
> completely reinvent the wheel.  So far, the c.l.p ngroup traffic (and
> the web in general) that speaks to this subject is apparently pretty
> sparse.  Since I'm a one-man show, it would be helpful if anyone could
> offer pointers to sites/pages/books that address some of these issues:
> 
You almost certainly would regard a copy of Hammind and Robinson's 
"Python Programming on Win32" as remarkable value for money. It's an 
axcellent book, and even has examples fo how you can make a VBA 
application scriptable in Python.

If you are more interested in developing functionality that 
experimenting, buying that book would save to a huge amount of time.

regards
  Steve
-- 
Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 18:24:42 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 17:24:42 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <5tvzg.2557$W93.2381@dukeread05>

Sorry forgot a few answers/comments:

John Machin wrote:
>**** SHOULD BE >=
>currently add([6, 6], [4, 4] -> [10, 10]

True, thanks

> *** try - 10 instead of % 10
> If the first operand is > 19, you have a bug!
> This might save a few CPU cycles on your smartcard

can it ? each array value will be [0..9]

>>**** SHOULD CHECK FOR CARRY AT END
>>currently add([9], [8]) -> [7]
>>should return [1, 7] or handle overflow somehow

True, this actually should become an error from the card to the calling
device. That would be a pretty large number though.


>>**** MINUS ZERO?
I just do not want to leave it at one(1) if it is.


Regards,

Philippe



From max at alcyone.com  Sun Jul  9 20:16:05 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Sun, 09 Jul 2006 17:16:05 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.09.23.36.20.730391@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
	<mailman.7951.1152483357.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<Xns97FBA13B0B9BBOKB@81.174.50.80>
	<pan.2006.07.09.23.36.20.730391@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <UaqdnYAOKMnYASzZnZ2dnUVZ_vWdnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:

> On Sun, 09 Jul 2006 22:45:53 +0000, OKB (not okblacke) wrote:
> 
>> Terry Reedy wrote:
>>
>>> Consider
>>>>>> map(len, ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2}))
>>> [3, 3, 2, 1]
>>>
>>> Now try to rewrite this using methods (member functions).
>> [a.len() for a in ('abc', (1,2,3), [1,2], {1:2})]
> 
> Did you actually try that?

He was answering a hypothetical.  He wasn't suggesting that was valid 
syntax today.

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Don't try to confuse me with the facts.
    -- Bill McNeal


From nospam at nospam.com  Thu Jul 13 11:55:36 2006
From: nospam at nospam.com (3c273)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 08:55:36 -0700
Subject: WMI Help
Message-ID: <e95qdq0vu8@enews3.newsguy.com>

Hello,
When I run the following at an interactive interpreter on Windows XP, I get
the expected results. But if I save it to a file and run it, it generates
the following error. (And it generates the same error either way on Windows
2000)

import wmi
c=wmi.WMI()
for item in c.win32_PhysicalMedia():
    print item


Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#32>", line 1, in ?
    for item in c.win32_PhysicalMedia():
  File "wmi.py", line 850, in __getattr__
    return getattr (self._namespace, attribute)
  File "C:\Python24\lib\site-packages\win32com\client\dynamic.py", line 489,
in __getattr__
    raise AttributeError, "%s.%s" % (self._username_, attr)
AttributeError:
winmgmts:{impersonationLevel=impersonate,authenticationLevel=default}//./roo
t/cimv2.win32_PhysicalMedia

Any help is appreciated.
Louis




From enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com  Fri Jul 21 14:58:55 2006
From: enleverlesX.XmcX at XmclaveauX.com (Méta-MCI)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 20:58:55 +0200
Subject: How to automate user input at the command prompt?
References: <1153507940.993009.235310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c1240c$0$856$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hi!

Same problem. I had search, long time, with popenX, with subprocess. I don't 
have, actually, any solution...

Suggestion: the first which finds prevents the others...

@+

Michel Claveau





From mystilleef at gmail.com  Thu Jul 20 11:59:04 2006
From: mystilleef at gmail.com (mystilleef)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 08:59:04 -0700
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf5f97$0$18895$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153403047.388658.218020@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44bf979a$0$13427$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153411144.630856.26820@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
> > Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> >
> (snip)
> >>>>>You use accessors when you need to control access to a data attribute.
> >>>>
> >>>>Indeed. And when you don't need too ? (the second 'o' is not a typo)
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>You make the attribute private/protected.
> >>
> >>doh :(
> >>
> >>Let's talk about psychorigid mindset...
> >>
> >
> >
> > Thanks, I'm insane.
>
> You say so.
>

> (snip)
> >>>>>>Then why do you advise "(making) all attributes of a class
> >>>>>>private/protected" and systematically using properties ?
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>
> >>>>>Because you don't want third parties illegimately tampering with an
> >>>>>object's internal data and thus crashing your system?
> >>>>
> >>>>Let's try again...
> >>>>
> >>>>point 1 : there's *no* language-inforced access restriction in Python.
> >>>>Just a *convention*.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>Huh? What are properties for then?
> >>
> >>To allow attribute syntax when you really have computation behind. Which
> >> 1/ let you start with the simplest case (a simple attribute) and change
> >>your mind latter
> >>2/ offer the possibility to use an attribute syntax (instead of a method
> >>call syntax) when it seems more natural.
> >>
> >
> >
> > Right, and what I'm I trying to do again?
> >
>
> Write Java in Python.
>

Dude, I haven't written more than "Hello World" programs in Java. I
__don't__ have a strong Java background.

> >>>>point 2 : so anyone *can* "illegimately tampering with an object's
> >>>>internal data" at will.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>And this is robust how?
> >>>
> >>
> >>You can do just the same in Java or C++.
> >>
> >
> >
> > OMG!
>
> It's common knowledge.
>

I ask how your solution is robust, and you go off talking about Java
and C++. Quit turning this into a language pissing contest. The hell I
care what Java or C++ does.

> >
> >>>>point 3 : anyway it's not *my* system that will then crash - but the
> >>>>system of the one who "illegimately" played with my package's objects
> >>>>internals. And as far as I'm concerned, it's none of my problem - they
> >>>>were marked as implementation, so anyone playing with them is on it's
> >>>>own. FWIW, I suspect that if someone want to muck with implementation,
> >>>>he certainly has a good legitimate reason to do so, and will do her best
> >>>>to not break anything. Else he's a complete idiot and there's no cure
> >>>>for this.
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>You can't be serious. Please tell me you are joking.
> >>
> >>I'm deadly serious and definitively not joking. There's no cure for
> >>idiocy, and there's definitively nothing like an idiot-proof system.
> >>
> >
> > Sure, but calling users idiots for as result of your laziness or poor
> > design or lack of robustness is equally idiotic.
>
> Ok, then 99.99% of Python programmers are lazy, have poor design skills
> and are unable to write a robust application. So they are idiotic too.
>

If you say so.

> >>>>point 4 : since we have computed attributes, turning a "public data
> >>>>attribute" (to use your idiom) into a "private/protected data attribute
> >>>>with accessors" *without breaking the interface* is not even a non-brainer.
> >>>>
> >>>>Now, please, can you explain the difference between :
> >>>>
> >>>>class Complicated(object):
> >>>> def __init__(self, data):
> >>>>   self.data = data
> >>>> def _get_data(self):
> >>>>   return self._data
> >>>> def _set_data(self, data):
> >>>>   self._data = data
> >>>>
> >>>>and
> >>>>
> >>>>class Pragmatic(object):
> >>>> def __init__(self, data)
> >>>>   self.data = data
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>and find any *valid* reason to use the first solution instead of the
> >>>>second ? ('that's what the book says' not being a valid reason).
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>I don't know it's your code not mine.
> >>
> >>IOW : you're unable to find any valid reason to use the second solution
> >>instead of the first (of course : there's none), but refuse to admit it.
> >>
> >
> > Hey, I didn't write that code. You did! You deal with it. My input on
> > __your__ code at this point is irrelevant.
>
> It's totally relevant, and you're still unable to come with any valid
> reason to prefer the first solution over the second. I'm totally
> confident that if there was *any* defendable reason to favor the first
> approach, you'd have chosen to answer instead of playing dumb.
>

Chosen what answer? First of all, I have no idea what you are trying to
do.  Secondly, I wouldn't code like that. So asking for my input on
some code that I believe has no purpose is irrelevant. In your class,
Complicated, why are your accessors private? Why is the attribute the
accessors are modifying public? In your second class, can data afford
to be modified by anyone? Does doing that cause any corruption, bugs,
indiscrepancies in the system? You can't just throw code at me, out of
context, and tell me to choose which is better. It's just premature.

> >>>class Robust(object):
> >>>
> >>>	def __init__(self):
> >>>		# Arbitrarily changing this state to False will crash app or will
> >>>		# corrupt the whole event system.
> >>>		self.__is_active = True
> >>>
> >>>	def get_is_active(self):
> >>>		return self.__is_active
> >>>
> >>>	buffer_is_active = property(get_is_active, doc="True if buffer is
> >>>editable")
> >>>
> >>>	def monitor_events(self):
> >>>		# Only methods of this class can change __is_active.
> >>>		# Add code to change __is_active here.
> >>>		return
> >>
> >>Yuck.
> >>
> >>
> >>>See! I'm controlling access.
> >>
> >>You are not controlling *anything*
> >>
> >>r = Robust()
> >>r._Robust__is_active = True
> >>
> >
> >
> > *sighs*
> >
> > You keep coming up with these unrealistic and impractically delusional
> > theories
>
> Pardon ? Which "unrealistic and impractically delusional theories" ?
> Please try the code above instead of getting to big words...
>

Doesn't that fall under the "DO NOT DO THIS AT HOME KIDS" in the FAQ
section or somewhere?

> > to make yourself feel happy.
>
> yes, of course, I need this to feel happy. Doh :(
>
> > Sure Python lets your do that,
> > but that's an implementation detail almost all Python developers could
> > give a damn about. How many times do I have to tell you I don't care
> > for latent semantic implementation details of Python? Anybody who does
> > what you just did should be laughed at derisively and ignored.
>
> Believe it or not, but there are times someone may have a perfectly
> valid reason to do so (probably not with your example, but that's
> another point).
>

I have never seen any Python code do that. I will certainly reject code
like that in my project. But if people do it without any ill effects,
good for them. I don't do it, I don't know any Python developer that
does.

> >  But I
> > don't have time to deal with fantasy and unreleastic theories.
>
> blah blah.
>
> >
> >>As I told you, there's no cure for idiocy.
> >>
> >>
> >>>Whee! And if one sober morning I want to
> >>>change the name __is_active to __buffer_is_active, I won't have to hunt
> >>>down 27000 lines of code to do it.
> >>
> >>And what if you want to change 'buffer_is_active' to 'is_active' ?
> >>
> >
> > But I don't want to. I wanna change implementation not interface.
>
> Changing implementation from direct attribute access to property doesn't
> require changing the interface, so there's no reason to use a property
> for simple read/write access. period.
>

There is. The name issues already afore-mentioned elsewhere.

> >
> >>>Also a naive third party won't crash
> >>>my system by changing Robust's state arbitrarily.
> >>
> >>Lol. cf above. And, may I repeat : you're getting the "my/3rd part"
> >>stuff the wrong way. If someone uses your code in it's app, then it's
> >>*her* system, and *your* code is the '3rd part'. Whether someone wants
> >>to do idiotic things with your code that will result in a crash is none
> >>of *your* concern. Just like if someone buy a hammer and bangs his head
> >>with, it's not the concern of the guy who made the hammer.
> >>
> >
> > That's just silly. If a third party plugin is crashing your app,
>
> Not my responsability.
>

You enjoy pointing fingers, don't you?

> > guess
> > who's gonna get the emails and bug reports? That's right you!
>
> And ?
>

You have to investigate it?

> > And that
> > is after hours of trying to reproduce the bug on your system
> > unsuccessfully
>
> If the app runed fine and all of a sudden starts to crash, I'll suspect
> something specific to the user system.
>

There you go again pointing fingers. It has to be the stupid idiotic
users fault.

> > because you don't have the bloody plug-in installed and
> > they user doesn't know a random plug-in he downloaded is the root of
> > the problem.
>
> "Hi Mr User... Just a question about your problem : did you change
> anything in your system recently ? Like installing a new plugin ?"
>

Yeah, now you have 20/20 hindsight.

>
> >>>Because in the real
> >>>world when your program is buggy, you get bug reports, nasty emails
> >>>among other forms of ridicule.
> >>
> >>So you see receiving a bug report as a form of ridicule ?
> >>
> >
> > Yes, it can be.
> >
>
> I definitively give up trying to understand you.
>

I guess you haven't got bug reports that make you feel like shit. Only
to find out the problem actually has nothing to do with your app.

> >>Now FWIW, I have lot of python apps in production, very few bug reports
> >>[1], and none of them being the result of the problem you seems to fear
> >>that much.
> >
> >
> > Good for you! I'm sure you are brilliant programmer.
>
> I'm not.
>
> >
> >>[1] The very first release of one of them is in production for more than
> >>6 monthes now, is daily used by a dozen non-computer-savy users, and not
> >>a *single* bug report - actually, the only return we had is "it's
> >>perfect, it works like a charm, and we have some other stuff for you guys"
> >>
> >
> >
> > My users are not just end users they are also developers.
>
> Developpers are supposed to know enough to fill in useful bug reports...
> and possibly do some prior research on the problem by themselves.
>

Developers extend your application in ways you hadn't originally
anticipated, thus exposing bugs. And no, it's not the developers fault.
I know that's where you are going. There are several reasons why this
can happen, including me not protecting object's state properly. But
we've already been through all that to no avail.

> >
> >>>And your supposed solution to my problem
> >>>is me saying, "but...but...I told you not change is_active."
> >>
> >>In my example (which was not intended as a "solution to a problem"),
> >>is_active is clearly part of the API. So your argument is moot.
> >>
> >>OTOH, if I need to control access to is_active, I can easily change it's
> >>implementation - ie by using a property (or any custom descriptor). So
> >>my "solution to the problem" is functionally equivalent to yours, and
> >>requires much less code - which contributes to making it more robust.
> >>
> >
> >
> > Your example
>
> Which one ?
>
> > actually requires more code,
> > is looks complex and it's
> > ugly
>
>
> You mean:
>
> class Pythonic(object):
>     def __init__(self):
>       self._is_active = True
>
>     @apply
>     def is_active():
>       def fget(self): return self._is_active
>       def fset(self): raise SomeException('sorry, read-only')
>       return property(**locals())
>
>
> > (no offense, my opinion).
>
> of course.
>

Yes, that.

> >>>Ha! And if
> >>>you can't figure out why anyone would do this,
> >>
> >>Oh yes, I can :
> >>- too much exposure to B&D languages
> >>- lack of ability to criticize "what's in the Book"
> >>- confusion between state/behaviour concepts and the (mostly inexisting
> >>in most hi-level languages) data/function dichotomy
> >>- control-freak mindset
> >>
> >
> > Lets stick to the arguments please. No need to attack me.
>
> You're of course free to identify yourself with the 'anyone' described
> above - but that's your responsability, not mine.
>

Please, given the wild assumptions you have made about me in this
thread alone, only someone who can't read between the lines would
question who that was directed at.

> >
> >>>then I'm not wasting my
> >>>time here anymore.
> >>
> >>You're wasting your time because you refuse to escape from your "what's
> >>in the book" mindest and insist on writing Java in Python. I had the
> >>same problem when I came from Java to Python, then I had the "aha"
> >>moment where I realized I was overdoing it, writing uselessly
> >>complicated code to do simple things that would just have worked without
> >>all this mumbo/jumbo control freak stuff. But it seems you prefer to
> >>stick to your masochistic approach for no other reason than
> >>misunderstood concepts, so we can't help you here.
> >>
> >
> > Fantastically, I have never used Java for any public project. I don't
> > understand how you reach your faulty assumptions.
>
> Because most of the opinions you expressed so far are usually
> symptomatic from a Java exposure. FWIW, the fact that you "never used
> Java for any public project" doesn't contradict anything of my above
> writing.
>

They are also symptomatic of Eiffel, Smalltalk, Ada and about 99% of
all OO languages out there. That still doesn't make me a Java junkie.

>
> >
> >>>Someday you'll learn the hard way.
> >>
> >>Lol. I actually did *un*learn the hard way.
> >>
> >>Mystilleef, I've started programing 17 years ago, and have done it
> >>professionnaly for almost 10 years now. I do not pretend to be a good
> >>programmer, but please believe that I do know my job. I've read the Book
> >>too, I've tried applying it blindly, then I used my brain. Once you
> >>understand the real reasons behind a "rule", you also understand when
> >>and how to apply or not apply it.
> >>
> >
> > What book are we talking about again? I made these rules from my
> > experience writing programs in Python, not from any book.
>
> I fail to see how your view of "data = state / methods = behaviour" or
> your advice to "make all data attributes private" comes from experience
> writing Python code.
>

Then I can't help you.

> > There's only
> > so much books can do when it comes to designing robust software in
> > practice.
>
> Indeed.
>
> > But for a lot of people over here who claim they've been
> > programming for X number of years, some of them certainly do need to
> > hit the books again. I don't believe I spent an inordinate amount of
> > time explaining state and behavior or the benefits or techniques for
> > reducing coupling or why anyone would need accessors, among other
> > things.
>
> Do you really believe you taught me anything about these topics ?
>

No, but I surprised some of the terms I use confuse you. Or why you
would question why anyone would need to use accessors. And that you
consider data hiding and encapsulation harmful and unnecessary.
However, I'll give you the benefit of the doubt. English is my second
language, and when I write in a haste, I tend to express myself poorly.

>
> >>>Thanks to the people who exposed me to Python's properties.
> >>
> >>The problem is that you definitively *failed* to understand how to use
> >>them (or actually how to *not* use them when not needed).
> >>
> > Sure, if it makes you feel better.
>
> Alas, not. Seeing someone inflicting himself pain because of misbelief
> or misunderstanding does not "make me feel better". Too bad you take it
> this way.
>

I feel a lot more pain when I have to investigate bugs that I could
have prevented easily if only I had adhered to sound software
engineering principles as opposed to drinking philosophical Kool Aid.
I'm in tune with most of Python's philosophies. But one needs to know
when to make exceptions as opposed to blindly reciting and following
ingrained mantras.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 24 04:42:52 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 10:42:52 +0200
Subject: function v. method
In-Reply-To: <slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1153199618.435747.162950@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bc9de9$0$24602$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153359804.284999.252840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153448634.727066.82620@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec1c6g.9ek.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153510567.102175.210420@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnec6d1f.h6r.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44c4880e$0$19013$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
> On 2006-07-21, fuzzylollipop <jarrod.roberson at gmail.com> wrote:
> 
>>Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>>
>>>Suppose I am writing my own module, I use an underscore, to
>>>mark variables which are an implementation detail for my
>>>module.
>>>
>>>Now I need to import an other module in my module and need access
>>>to an implementation variable from that module. So now I have
>>>variables with an underscore which have two different meanings:
>>
>>you don't understand what "implementation detail" means, it means it is
>>NOT part of the public API and no client code should ever use it.
>>
>>If you reference _vara in your code and it is in someone elses module
>>you don't understand YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!
> 
> 
> Why do you assume that in my example the other module is
> not understood?

He doesn't, but it's clear that *you* didn't understand what
fuzzylollipop meant !-)

Hint : add a comma at the right place so parsing is unambigous:
"""
If you reference _vara in your code and it is in someone elses module,
you don't understand YOU ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO DO THAT!
"""


> 
>>>  1) This is an implemantation detail of this module, It is the
>>>     users of my module who have to be extra carefull using it.
>>
>>Users of your module should NEVER KNOW any of the _ or __ stuff exists
>>to begin with.
>>
>>
>>>  2) This is an implemantation detail of the other module,
>>>     I should be extra carefull using it.
>>
>>You should NEVER use it.
> 
> 
> Well that may be your view, but AFAICS it is not the view of
> the python community. Because each time some mechanism is
> proposed for real private variable, people oppose it, they
> want people to have access to what are supposed to be
> private variables.

I'd express it in a somewhat different way: the view of the Python
community is that language-inforced access restrictions are useless and
annoying, IOW an unnecessary pain. Which doesn't imply that messing with
implementation of other modules is actually *encouraged*. Having the
possibility to easily do so is quite handy when that's the only/less
worse solution, but is not a recommended approach in general.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Thu Jul 13 10:50:04 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 16:50:04 +0200
Subject: bay area based - python guru..
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8124.1152799718.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8118.1152797735.27775.python-list@python.org>	<44b65249$0$6680$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<mailman.8124.1152799718.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44b65d9e$0$26266$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

Simon Brunning wrote:
> On 7/13/06, Stefan Behnel <stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de> wrote:
>> Maybe the right thing to ask back is: how much do you pay?
> 
> And possibly; *which* bay? ;-)

What do you mean? Is there more than one Bayern?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayern

Stefan


From jscalisi at gmail.com  Mon Jul  3 17:13:11 2006
From: jscalisi at gmail.com (jscalisi at gmail.com)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 14:13:11 -0700
Subject: (Job)  SF BAY AREA -- Python Expert
Message-ID: <1151961191.588156.311320@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

Taos is a professional IT Consulting Services firm that has been
delivering technical excellence to its customers for more than 17
years.

We have an immediate openning for a Unix System Administrator with
excellent python scripting experience.

Please contact jscalisi at gmail.com for immediate consideration and more
information.

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delivering technical excellence to its customers for more than 17
years. We have completed more than 5,000 successful assignments for
1,000 different companies. We leverage this experience into service
offerings which have been built across a deep and broad matrix of
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This matrix of technologies and applications fall under our Five Core
Practices:

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From roman.yakovenko at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 14:10:20 2006
From: roman.yakovenko at gmail.com (Roman Yakovenko)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 21:10:20 +0300
Subject: Python and C++
In-Reply-To: <1153849896.569398.39200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153849896.569398.39200@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7465b6170607251110t5fbbc11dp4d06cb7dd8949fe4@mail.gmail.com>

On 25 Jul 2006 10:51:36 -0700, KraftDiner <bobrien18 at yahoo.com> wrote:
> What ways can I call my C++ classes from within Python.
> I've looked at boost but it would appear that there is little
> support or knowledge on boost in the python community.

It is not true! I am sure that if you ask you questions on
boost.python mailing list
you will get the answers.

-- 
Roman Yakovenko
C++ Python language binding
http://www.language-binding.net/


From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 13:10:24 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 10:10:24 -0700
Subject: first book about python
In-Reply-To: <1152496959.567542@athnrd02>
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02><1152496959.567542@athnrd02>
Message-ID: <1152724224.699918.55210@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Once you are ready to take the plunge another good document is the
Python tutorial written by Guido Von Rossum himself
(http://docs.python.org/tut/). It's not a full fledged 300 page
manifesto but it's covers the basic of the language.

IOANNIS MANOLOUDIS wrote:
> I guess it's better to wait for the for dummies book.
> I should focus instead in taking the LPIC-2 exams in September.
> Ioannis



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul  3 12:17:18 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:17:18 +0200
Subject: list comprehension
In-Reply-To: <1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151600332.552024.119990@y41g2000cwy.googlegroups.com>
	<1151602493.629010.269360@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1151713797.748621.294120@i40g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a9430f$0$10291$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

a wrote:
> hi simon thanks for your reply
> what if i want to do this
> 	        feed_list=[]
> 		feed_id=[]
> 		for ix in feeds_list_select:
> 			global feeds_list
> 			global feeds_id

Learn how to avoid globals first.


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From grebekel at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 13:25:20 2006
From: grebekel at gmail.com (grebekel at gmail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:25:20 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8302.1153237868.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153237121.407834.125250@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8302.1153237868.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153243520.643053.121480@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I stand corrected. Not sure where I got that from, improper
defragmentation due to sleep depravation perhaps...

K.S.Sreeram wrote:
> grebekel at gmail.com wrote:
> > The two primary differences between using def and using lambda is that
> > lambda is limited to a single expression and def cannot be used within
> > another function.
>
> 'def' can certainly be used within another function :
>
> def make_adder( delta ) :
>     def adder( x ) :
>         return x + delta
>     return adder
>
> [sreeram;]
>
>
> --------------enigFDB411206B54B101CC680F5A
> Content-Type: application/pgp-signature
> Content-Disposition: inline;
> 	filename="signature.asc"
> Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature
> X-Google-AttachSize: 253



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 25 13:06:43 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 10:06:43 -0700
Subject: Help in string.digits functions
References: <1153804793.812199.199940@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8510.1153806716.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153847202.976027.35980@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

John McMonagle wrote:
> On Mon, 2006-07-24 at 22:19 -0700, Anoop wrote:
> > Hi All
> >
> > I am getting two different outputs when i do an operation using
> > string.digits and test.isdigit(). Is there any difference between the
> > two. I have given the sample program and the output
> >
> > Thanks for ur inputs
> >
> > Anoop
> >
> > #1:
> > ~~
> > import string
> >
> > test='121206'
> >
> > if test not in string.digits:
> >     print "I am Not Digit"
> > else:
> >     print "I am Digit"
> >
> > #2:
> > ~~
> > import string
> >
> > test='121206'
> >
> > if not test.isdigit():
> >     print "I am Not Digit"
> > else:
> >     print "I am Digit"
> >
> > Output
> > ~~~~~
> > #1:I am Not Digit
> > #2:I am Digit
> >
> > Thnks and Rgds
> >
> > Anoop
> >
>
>
> string.digits is the string constant '0123456789'
>
> So your test, "if test not in string.digits:" will evaluate True because
> '121206' is not in '0123456789'.
>
> Whereas test.isdigit() returns true if all the characters in test are
> digits.
>
> So yes, there is a big difference between the two.
>
> Regards,
>
> John
>
>
>


Your first test could be rewritten to do what I think you're thinking
it should do like so:

import string

test='121206'

for ch in test:
    if ch not in string.digits:
        print "I am not all Digits"
        break
else:
    print "I am all Digits"

But isdigit() would be the better way.


Peace,
~Simon



From p.barbierdereuille at free.fr  Thu Jul 27 12:15:50 2006
From: p.barbierdereuille at free.fr (Pierre Barbier de Reuille)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 17:15:50 +0100
Subject: How do you implement this Python idiom in C++
In-Reply-To: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154015441.807624.35160@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c8e6be$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

alainpoint at yahoo.fr wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I have the need to write the equivalent of Python class methods in C++.
> 
> Chuck Allison proposes the following
> (http://www.artima.com/cppsource/simple.html):
> #include <iostream>
> using namespace std;
> 
> // A base class that provides counting
> template<class T> class Counted {
>   static int count;
> public:
>   Counted() { ++count; }
>   Counted(const Counted<T>&) { ++count; }
>   ~Counted() { --count; }
>   static int getCount() { return count; }
> 
> };
> 
> template<class T> int Counted<T>::count = 0;
> 
> // Curious class definitions
> class CountedClass : public Counted<CountedClass> {};
> class CountedClass2 : public Counted<CountedClass2> {};
> 
> It apparently works but in fact it doesn't:
> If you derive from such a class, you get the count of the parent class,
> 
> not of the derived class.
> class CountedClass3 : public CountedClass {};
> 
> int main() {
>   CountedClass a;
>   cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 1
>   CountedClass b;
>   cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 2
>   CountedClass3 c;
>   cout << CountedClass3::getCount() << endl;   // 3 and should be 1
>   cout << CountedClass::getCount() << endl;    // 3 and should be 2
> 
> }
> 
> I am no C++ expert but i guess there might be some in the Python and
> C++ newsgroups. 
> 
> Alain
> 

Why don't you post the Python code you want to "translate" ? Here, I
just don't know what you want to achieve !!

Pierre


From piet at cs.uu.nl  Tue Jul 18 16:16:54 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 22:16:54 +0200
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2bqrov3ks.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebp3lj.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <m2slkyllc9.fsf@ordesa.lan>

>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:

>AP> On 2006-07-17, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>>>>>>> Antoon Pardon <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> (AP) wrote:
>>> 
>AP> On 2006-07-14, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:
>>> 
>>>>>> Just read what it says. `It is only evaluated once' is quite clear I would
>>>>>> say.
>>> 
>AP> If it is so clear, why don't you explain it? 
>>> 
>>> I have done that in another thread.

>AP> Before I respond I would like you to be more specific
>AP> about where you gave that explanation. The subject
>AP> of the thread would be fine or a message-id perhaps.

<m264hzw7qd.fsf at ordesa.cs.uu.nl> (In fact it is in this same thread).
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 12 12:38:11 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 18:38:11 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <4hkmraF1u47U1@uni-berlin.de>

kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:

> Hello,
> I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
> (urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
> significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
> only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
> key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
> hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
> I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table. 

python dictionaries are "traditional" hash-tables.

> If I 
> do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
> the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
> technique work for a set?
> 
> Any other thoughts or considerations are appreciated.

You could try and create a md5 sum of your strings and use that as key. It
_should_ be good enough, but I'm no crypto expert so take that with a grain
of salt.

Diez


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Thu Jul 13 10:18:52 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 14:18:52 GMT
Subject: running python from a memory stick?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8122.1152799515.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <Yfstg.2469$No6.49981@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8122.1152799515.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <gDstg.2471$No6.49969@news.tufts.edu>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
> John Salerno wrote:
> 
>> Is there a way to 'install' and use Python on a memory stick, just as
>> you would on any computer? I use Windows, and I know the installation
>> does things with the registry, so probably I couldn't use the executable
>> file to install it.
> 
> just install it as usual on C:, and copy the \python24 directory, plus the python24.dll
> from \windows\system32, to a suitable directory on the stick.  you can use a tool like
> exemaker:
> 
>     http://effbot.org/zone/exemaker.htm
> 
> to provide EXE loaders for your scripts.

Interesting. I didn't think it would be that easy. But I don't think I 
fully understand what exemaker does. Another question I had was since I 
won't be using a Windows registry, would I have to put the #! line on my 
scripts like in Linux? Is this what exemaker takes care of? Is it 
possible to *not* use exemaker, but still run scripts from the stick 
(such as with using the #! line?).

Thanks.


From kdotsky at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 19:33:51 2006
From: kdotsky at gmail.com (kdotsky at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 16:33:51 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8083.1152721586.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152747231.862285.86080@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

> depending on your application, a bloom filter might be a good enough:
>
>      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom_filter
>

Thanks (everyone) for the comments.  I like the idea of the bloom
filter or using an md5 hash, since a rare collision will not be a
show-stopper in my case.



From jim.lewis at miclog.com  Sun Jul  9 11:39:29 2006
From: jim.lewis at miclog.com (Jim Lewis)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 08:39:29 -0700
Subject: can't pickle instancemethod objects
References: <1152449127.738789.315890@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.14.01.10.222180@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152453983.831402.233990@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.09.15.24.47.778695@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <1152459569.852989.149710@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

> I'd suggest that "pop" could be your culprit. ...What is pop? A function or an instance method?

Neither. pop is an instance of a class, like:
class X:
   ...
pop = X ()

pop surely is the culprit but it has arrays of objects, etc., and I
don't know what to look for.



From dd at accentsolution.com  Thu Jul 20 13:50:40 2006
From: dd at accentsolution.com (Danil Dotsenko)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 10:50:40 -0700
Subject: ConfigParser: what read('non-existent-filename') returns in 2.3.x?
Message-ID: <hrPvg.338$T95.19@fe05.lga>

Wrote a little "user-friedly" wrapper for ConfigParser for a KDE's
SuperKaramba widget.
(http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=32185)

I was using 2.4.x python docs as reference and
ConfigParser.read('non-existent-filename') returns [] in 2.4.x

One user with 2.3.x reported an error stemming from my use of 
len(cfgObject.read('potentially-non-existent-filename'))

File "/home/web/Downloads/afoto-1.5b6.skz/localConf.py", line 53, in load
TypeError: len() of unsized object

Can anyone tell me what cfgObject.read('potentially-non-existent-filename')
returns in 2.3.x?

My output:
>>> import ConfigParser
>>> cfg = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
>>> a = cfg.read('adsfasfdasfd')
>>> a, len(a), type(a)
([], 0, <type 'list'>)

Thx in advance.

Daniel.


From skodela at lithium.com  Tue Jul 11 05:45:39 2006
From: skodela at lithium.com (sreekant)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 09:45:39 +0000
Subject: threading troubles
In-Reply-To: <m2irm4mxtu.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
References: <44b226e0$1_1@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>
	<m2irm4mxtu.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <44b35ffc_2@mk-nntp-2.news.uk.tiscali.com>

I decided in the end to use fork and all is well.

Thanks
sree


From paul at boddie.org.uk  Fri Jul 28 05:42:59 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:42:59 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>
	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>
	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1154006547.849546.236650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<7x1ws6g8tw.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1154079779.565299.246240@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Paul Boddie" <paul at boddie.org.uk> writes:
> > Whether this solves the questioner's problems remains to be seen, but
> > issues of handling SSH-based communications streams do seem to be
> > addressed.
>
> Actually I don't understand the need for SSH.  This is traffic over a
> LAN, right?  Is all of the LAN traffic encrypted?  That's unusual; SSH
> is normally used to secure connections over the internet, but the
> local network is usually trusted.  Hopefully it's not wireless.

I don't run any wireless networks, but given the apparently poor state
of wireless network security (as far as the actual implemented
standards in commercially available products are concerned), I'd want
to be using as much encryption as possible if I did.

Anyway, the py.execnet thing is presumably designed to work over the
Internet and over local networks, with the benefit of SSH being that it
applies well to both domains. Whether it's a better solution for the
questioner's problem than established alternatives such as PVM (which
I've never had the need to look into, even though it seems
interesting), various distributed schedulers or anything else out
there, I can't really say.

Paul



From bedouglas at earthlink.net  Wed Jul  5 00:22:31 2006
From: bedouglas at earthlink.net (bruce)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 21:22:31 -0700
Subject: numarray
Message-ID: <08da01c69fea$a2b56b80$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>

hi...

i'm trying to find numarray.. i found the numpy on sourceforge and
downloaded/installed..

i did a
python>> import numarray

and got an error...

the docs that i've seen point to the sourceforge area.. but i only see
numpy.. which appears to incorporate numarray..

my goal is to somehow define multi-dimensional arrays of strengs...

pointers...

thanks

-bruce



From eugene at boardkulture.com  Mon Jul 31 05:11:38 2006
From: eugene at boardkulture.com (3KWA)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 02:11:38 -0700
Subject: Windows vs. Linux
In-Reply-To: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154301694.445639.99580@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154337098.430387.242390@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I am not a programming expert but I use python everyday on Windows XP:
* python standard distribution (CPython)
* iPython
* cygwin for the command line interaction, add a unix/linux flavour to
the blend

EuGeNe



From rnd at onego.ru  Fri Jul 28 00:49:51 2006
From: rnd at onego.ru (Roman Susi)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 07:49:51 +0300
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<1153857378.159735.183240@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<44c6baff$0$15788$14726298@news.sunsite.dk>	<1153914196.079176.154080@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153928169.256689.197330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C9976F.4060401@onego.ru>

Ben Sizer wrote:
> Ray wrote:
> 
>>Just that it's a big, huge, humongous pity to see Python keeps missing
>>the big thing over and over again. Last time when biotechnology was
>>hot, which language became The Language? Perl. Now simple web app is
>>hot? It's Ruby.
> 
> 
> The problem is that Python is the 2nd best language for everything. ;)
> As a general purpose language I don't think it can be beaten, but for
> almost any given project of non-trivial size, there seems to always be
> one language that has better support for the subject. I frequently find
> myself wanting to use Python but being unable to, often due to some
> library being unavailable, as in your case.
> 

Is it a bad thing? In my opinion it is better to be 2nd place for a long
time than get to the top and fall short after that. Because then Python
will be associated with certain thing (like Ruby with Rails, Java with
Beans, C with two pluses, Fortran with 77 ;-)

Its healthy for a Pythons to live in many different ecosystems.

Regards,
Roman


From __peter__ at web.de  Mon Jul 17 02:50:31 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 08:50:31 +0200
Subject: dynamic unittest
References: <1153115530.632171.81480@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9fbv9$eqg$00$1@news.t-online.com>

Oleg  Paraschenko wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> I decided to re-use functionality of "unittest" module for my purposes.
> More precisely, I have a list of folders. For each folder, code should
> enter to the folder, execute a command and assert the output. It's
> reasonable to use "unittest" here, but the problem is that "unittest"
> doesn't support (== I haven't found how) dynamic creation of tests.
> 
> I thought it would be very easy, but due to lack of closures in Python
> (more precisely, closures do exist, but they are counter-intuitive for
> lisp programmers), I failed. Finally, I found a way using a global
> variable. I exploit the fact that "unittest" uses "cmp" to arrange test
> cases. Therefore, if we have an array of test names and sequential
> number of running the common function, we know the name of the current
> test. Here is a sample code:
> 
> ------- <dynamic_unittest.py>
> 
> import sys, unittest
> test_names = ['aaa', 'ddd', 'bbb']
> test_names.sort()
> test_index = 0
> 
> class DynamicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
>   def one_test(self):
>     global test_index
>     test_name  = test_names[test_index]
>     test_index = test_index + 1
>     # Ok for 'aaa' and 'bbb', failure for 'ddd'
>     assert test_name in ['aaa', 'bbb']
> 
> for test_name in test_names:
>   func_name = 'test_' + test_name
>   setattr(DynamicTestCase, func_name, DynamicTestCase.one_test)
> 
> suite = unittest.makeSuite(DynamicTestCase, 'test_')
> if not unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite).wasSuccessful():
>   sys.exit(1)
> 
> ------- </dynamic_unittest.py>
> 
> I think this code might help others, so I post it to the group.
> Comments are welcome.

Here's what your code might look like with closures:

import sys
import unittest

test_names = ['aaa', 'ddd', 'bbb']
test_names.sort()

class DynamicTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    pass

def make_test(test_name):
    def one_test(self):
        self.assert_(test_name in ['aaa', 'bbb'])
    return one_test

for test_name in test_names:
    setattr(DynamicTestCase, 'test_' + test_name, make_test(test_name))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

Peter


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 08:40:31 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 14:40:31 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8365.1153395004.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152975860.267475.166030@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bb8a7c$0$21801$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153213630.721413.95290@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<44bcea80$0$23108$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153244682.923384.71370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<44be63e0$0$14345$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<1153371049.561672.233550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<e9naj0$da2$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8365.1153395004.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bf79c0$0$25234$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:
(snip)
> 
> I'm not sure, but there's one thing that has a potential to be the real
> issue: what's the common way to create a property that is read-write for
> the implementation and "read-only" for the interface? 

class Foo(object):
  @apply
  def _imp():
    def fget(self):
      # code here
    def fset(self, val):
      # code here
    return property(**locals())

  @apply
  def api():
    def fget(self):
      return self._imp
    def fset(self, val):
      raise SomeException('read-only, sorry')
    return property(**locals())


(snip)

> So... _is_active is considered implementation. Don't mess with me, it says.
> But the users of the class need access to it: read access. Do you just say
> "read access isn't changing anything, so just use _is_active"?

Certainly not.

> The
> disadvantage is that the outside code is sprinkled with accesses to
> attributes with leading underscores, which I assume looks kind of scary. Or
> do you rename _is_active to is_active, indicating that access to it is
> indeed allowed?

Certainly not (given I want is_active to be read-only).

> Then you would have to do something in the attribute
> accessors to control the write access -- because that still isn't a good
> idea. But I need want to be able to write to it from inside the class...
> but how, if the attribute accessor is preventing that?

Note that a read-only property named 'is_active' returning the value of
an attribute named '_is_active' doesn't prevent direct access to
'_is_active' attribute, neither from the class nor from the client code.

HTH
-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 15:56:36 2006
From: david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk (David Hopwood)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 19:56:36 GMT
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9191f$pkb$1@online.de>
	<1152677387.981169.11390@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e92tso$bar$1@online.de>
	<1152722309.801960.18090@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<esatg.14243$MF6.2444@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e93joo$meo$1@online.de>
	<XMctg.27137$uy3.7183@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e958mh$7sk$1@online.de>
	<MPG.1f202ae3e730d505989791@news.altopia.net>
Message-ID: <Uzxtg.93986$7Z6.48541@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>

Chris Smith wrote:
> Joachim Durchholz <jo at durchholz.org> wrote:
> 
>>OTOH, isn't that the grail that many people have been searching for: 
>>programming by simply declaring the results that they want to see?
> 
> Possibly.
> 
>>No, FPLs are actually just that: compilable postconditions.
> 
> This seems to me a bit misleading.  Perhaps someone will explain why I 
> should stop thinking this way; but currently I classify statements like 
> this in the "well, sort of" slot of my mind.  If functional programming 
> were really just compilable postconditions, then functional programmers 
> would be able to skip a good bit of stuff that they really can't.  For 
> example, time and space complexity of code is still entirely relevant 
> for functional programming.  I can't simply write:
> 
> (define fib
>   (lambda (x) (if (< x 2) 1 (+ (fib (- x 1)) (fib (- x 2))))))
> 
> and expect the compiler to create an efficient algorithm for me.

This is true, but note that postconditions also need to be efficient
if we are going to execute them.

That is, the difference you've pointed out is not a difference between
executable postconditions and functional programs. Both the inefficient
functional definition of 'fib' and an efficient one are executable
postconditions. In order to prove that the efficient implementation is
as correct as the inefficient one, we need to prove that, treated as
postconditions, the former implies the latter.

(In this case a single deterministic result is required, so the former
will be equivalent to the latter.)

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk>


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Fri Jul 28 00:23:16 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 04:23:16 GMT
Subject: HERE I BUILT A QUICK MATRIX TOOOK 5 MINS
References: <1154052372.461297.209000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <Uigyg.11522$rp4.5335@tornado.texas.rr.com>

> ...USING A INFINITE MAGENTIC
> FIELD!!!

I have a vision of a sweeping magenta fabric rippling through the cosmos.

Perhaps a mauvic, cyanic, or even aubergenic field would be more stylish.

-- Paul




From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 17 09:58:15 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:58:15 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <44b660f9$0$29938$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8098.1152759607.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b60c6d$0$23098$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152791845.696104.123850@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152794084.415931.173320@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44b660f9$0$29938$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <44bb9778$0$7969$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> mystilleef wrote:
(snip)
>>Here are the lessons I've learned (the hard way).
>>
>>1) Make all attributes of a class private or protected. 
> 
> 
> Unless they are obviously part of the implementation 

s/implementation/interface/, of course.

> (ie: when you would
> definitively had written getters/setters in Java), in which case make
> them public (and name them with the same care you would have for Java
> getters/setters). You can change the implementation later.
> 
(snip)

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From kylotan at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 04:51:19 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 01:51:19 -0700
Subject: Need a compelling argument to use Django instead of Rails
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8674.1154112640.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153737715.165346.164310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1154092298.714808.158250@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8674.1154112640.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154335879.674317.49360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Terry Reedy wrote:
> "Ben Sizer" <kylotan at gmail.com> wrote in message
> news:1154092298.714808.158250 at 75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com...
> > PyGame was barely maintained for a year, and is based on SDL which was
> > also barely maintained for a year, and which hasn't kept up with
> > hardware advances at all.
>
> I believe there is a recent release of SDL, but which what advances I do
> not know.  Pygame is being actively worked on by more than one person.

The recent release of SDL was another minimal one, though there is an
intention to make the important changes 'soon'. As for PyGame, it's
good that development there has picked up again but I'd love to see it
broaden its horizons beyond SDL. Maybe that is impractical, however.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From taleinat at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 11:13:37 2006
From: taleinat at gmail.com (Tal Einat)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:13:37 +0000 (UTC)
Subject: How to display name of elements in list?
References: <1152706650.233098.148670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.12.12.43.23.324976@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
	<1152708436.452052.306320@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4f15f$0$29129$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>
	<1152709383.886072.319970@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<4hkdkgFb8lU1@uni-berlin.de>
Message-ID: <loom.20060712T170351-275@post.gmane.org>

Diez B. Roggisch <deets <at> nospam.web.de> writes:
> 
> What you should do is to install rlcompleter2...
[snip]
> 
> Another option is to look into the source of that module and identify the
> objects created. Documentation is overrated - use the source, Luke!

rlcompleter is overrated, and only works on Unix/Linux/etc.

IDLE's interpreter has an auto-completion extension, which is bundled in
Python2.5.

You can also get a much better version of IDLE which includes a more robust
version of the completion extension from Idle-Spoon:
http://idlespoon.python-hosting.com/


stefan writes:
>
> Just start an interactive Python session and play with the object you are
> trying to explore. That should get you going.

+1
Python is fun - just open an interpreter and play around!


- Tal



From bayazee at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:47:19 2006
From: bayazee at gmail.com (Bayazee)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:47:19 -0700
Subject: =?utf-8?q?Converting_a_web_to_pdf_or_..=E2=80=8D?=
Message-ID: <1153313239.209198.104070@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hi ,
I have a web site and i want to write a perogram with python that my
users can convert custom web page of site to pdf (or other type :jpeg,
doc,odt,or...) and download it . i dont want only convert text . it is
be very good to i can don it for both text and images ... similar to
web page ... can i do it with  ReportLab ??

-----------------------------------------------
Iranian Python Community --> www.python.ir



From no-spam at no-spam-no-spam.com  Sat Jul  1 06:32:09 2006
From: no-spam at no-spam-no-spam.com (robert)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 12:32:09 +0200
Subject: 206 The filename or extension is too long / OSError: [Errno 38]
	Filename too long
Message-ID: <e85ivb$11js$1@ulysses.news.tiscali.de>

e.g. open/os module functions (os.path.getmtime...) and 
win32api/win32file functions fail on long paths (>~255 chars)

even the '\\?\' trick from 
http://www.google.com/url?sa=D&q=http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp%3Furl%3D/library/en-us/fileio/fs/naming_a_file.asp
does not work:

 >>> os.path.getmtime('\\\\?\\'+fabs)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
   File "C:\PYTHON23\lib\ntpath.py", line 232, in getmtime
     return os.stat(filename).st_mtime
OSError: [Errno 38] Filename too long
 >>>

 >>> win32api.GetFileAttributes('\\\\?\\'+fabs)
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<interactive input>", line 1, in ?
error: (206, 'GetFileAttributes', 'Der Dateiname oder die Erweiterung 
ist zu lang.')
 >>>

(='206 The filename or extension is too long')

What can I do?


-robert


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Tue Jul 18 05:24:32 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 09:24:32 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153127569.117917.73090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebpa6g.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-17, Paul Boddie <paul at boddie.org.uk> wrote:
> Antoon Pardon wrote:
>>
>> What the language reference should have said IMO is that in case x
>> is an attribute reference, index or slicing, the primary expression
>> will be evaluated only once, as will be the index or slice in the
>> two latter cases.
>
> I think the difficulty here for the author of this particular section
> of the reference is in describing the mechanisms at work whilst keeping
> the description at a conceptual level which can be directly connected
> to the source text in a program.

Sure! However the author of the augmented assignment reference uses
a concept that seems not be a pythonic concept: a target evaluation.
Call it an lvalue, a lefthand evaluation if you prefer, but in
the assignment reference it is never mentioned. Each time the
word evaluation is used, it is the evaluation of an expression, never
a target. Sure sometimes such a expression is part of a target, but
the evaluation never reaches a point where the result is the evaluation
of a target: So why doesn't the autor of the augmented assignment reference
limit himself to the same concepts used in the assignment reference?

Now maybe I'm just not bright enough, so maybe you can explain what
something like col['t'] is evaluated to in a statement like:

  col['t'] = exp

> However, apart from providing a vague
> intuition about how augmented assignment must work, the description
> doesn't answer all questions effectively, particularly in cases where
> the actual assignments are not simple local/global name binding
> operations.
>
> One way to consider augmented assignment is as a statement formulated
> in the following way:
>
> setvalue(namespace, name, op(getvalue(namespace, name), expr))
>
> Consider an augmented assignment on a local name:
>
> a += b
>
> This could be phrased as follows:
>
> setname(locals, "a", add(getname(locals, "a"), b))
>
> Or really:
>
> setname(locals, "a", add(getname(locals, "a"), getname(locals, "b")))
>
> Consider an augmented assignment on an attribute:
>
> a.b += c
>
> This could also be phrased similarly:
>
> setattr(a, "b", add(getattr(a, "b"), c))
>
> And consider an augmented assignment on an item:
>
> a[b] += c
>
> This too is phrased similarly:
>
> setitem(a, b, add(getitem(a, b), c))
>
> So, as long as you're willing to accept that the setvalue class of
> operations (setname, setattr, setitem) aren't really evaluating the
> target of the assignment - strictly, the thing being replaced in the
> assignment - then only the getvalue class of operations (getname,
> getattr, getitem) are causing the evaluation of the target. And since
> setname is just a normal name binding assignment which we know doesn't
> cause the target to be evaluated, we can assume that the other
> operations in that class behave similarly.

Well maybe I'm missing your point entirely but would you be so friendly,
as to rephrase the following statements too:

  a = a + b
  a.b = a.b + c
  a[b] = a[b] + c

Because as far as I can see the rephrasing of these statements will
result in exactly the same results as their augmented assignment
counter parts. So following your logic above, we would have to
come to the conclusion that the "targets" of these statements are
evaluated once too. This while the language reference suggests
they are evaluated twice.

IMO the language reference sugest that the stament:

  a[i] += [b]

is more effective than:

  a[i] = a[i] + [b]

IMO it suggests that the augmented assignment version is
just as effective as:

  a[i].append(b)

Because, i hope, we agree that a[i] is evaluated only
once here!

So we have here three statements all which result
in a similar result one in which the
number of evaluations of a[i] is under dispute,

one in which the number of evaluations is suggested
to be two

one in which the number of evaluations is one.

Yet the work done in the augmented version of this
example is almost the same as in the normal assignment,
the difference is negligible IMO and both version
differ about the same with the append version which
will have to do about half what the other versions had to
do, depending on how expensive the __xetitem__ methods
are.


> Now, one aspect of evaluation has been skipped in the above
> explanation: what if we have a "complicated" expression on the left
> hand side? Consider this:
>
> a.f().x += y
>
> We could naively write this as follows:
>
> setattr(a.f(), "x", add(getattr(a.f(), "x"), y))
>
> However, it looks like we are evaluating at least part of the left hand
> side twice. Thus, we need to be a bit clearer about what really
> happens:
>
> namespace = a.f()
> setattr(namespace, "x", add(getattr(namespace, "x"), y))
>
> In order to avoid double evaluation, we first obtain the target
> namespace (or itemspace, I suppose). Then, we perform the operations as
> stated above.

Yes, and what you are doing here is eliminating the double evaluation
of the primary. In a statement like a.f().x = ... the a.f() part
is the primary according to the assignment reference.

> So, to conclude, augmented assignment involves the evaluation of any
> expression which gives the target namespace (trivial in the case of
> local/global name binding, non-trivial otherwise), then a compound
> operation of the form given above involving two classes of operations,
> each providing operations to act on names, attributes and items.

This seems not be complete, if the target is a list, there is no target
namespace. That is why I used "primary" in my proposal, because
it catches all cases and it is also the term used in the assigment
reference.

> I doubt that this explanation is simple, clear or efficient enough for
> the language reference,

Would you mind explaning, what you think is not simple, clear or
efficient enough about my proposed wording? Just curious.

> but then any explanation shouldn't be
> constrained in terms of complexity in a way that, for example, a
> tutorial explanation should be. Despite cries of "you must get it now!"
> from various quarters, I think this thread has been informative, and
> I'd like to thank you for bringing this matter to the group's
> attention, Antoon.

Your welcome.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 18:06:13 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 15:06:13 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8757.1154383157.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<1insadcgifsbv.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<mailman.8755.1154381001.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1154382025.809952.165190@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8757.1154383157.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154383573.447014.233030@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Makes sense, I will follow your advice.  Sounds like more time invest
upfront will equal time saved over the long run.  I am defitely
interested in proxy caching and load balancing.  Which do you
recommend?  I have used #Pound while working for a university.

-Adam


Cliff Wells wrote:
> On Mon, 2006-07-31 at 14:40 -0700, northband wrote:
> > Just spoke with my department and looks like we still want to go with a
> > server scripting method.  Although MVC may be better fit, for the sake
> > of the learning curve, we want to use a PSP style method.
>
> I'm with the others who suggest using an MVC framework.  The learning
> curve for Django, TurboGears, Pylons, et al, is ridiculously short, and
> the maintainability of the resulting code is infinitely superior.
>
> Why don't you take a look at the 20 minute wiki screencast that
> TurboGears has and make a decision then.  Although the screencast is
> specifically about TurboGears, a similar screencast could be made for
> almost any of the other MVC-style frameworks:
>
> http://files.turbogears.org/video/20MinuteWiki2nd.mov
> http://www.turbogears.org/preview/docs/tutorials/wiki20/index.html
>
> Developing in a PHP/ASP embedded style is an anachronism these days and
> for good reason.   Spend a couple days learning a modern framework.  The
> time will be well-spent and quickly made up in shortened development
> time and code maintainablility.
>
> > So as of now we are looking at using FreeBSD, MySQL, and some form of
> > Python that will allow us to achieve great performance serving
> > 30million page loads / month.
>
> If I were you, I'd cease worrying about the performance of the framework
> itself and research caching proxies and load balancing solutions
> instead.  The payoff in performance will be much higher and you won't
> have to make architectural compromises.
> 
> Regards,
> Cliff
> 
> --



From siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk  Mon Jul 10 10:23:36 2006
From: siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk (Sion Arrowsmith)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 15:23:36 +0100 (BST)
Subject: function that modifies a string
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505860.471541.33370@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.10.11.21.56.720014@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <uTD*6Ijlr@news.chiark.greenend.org.uk>

Steven D'Aprano  <steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au> wrote:
>Of course, another right way would be to have mutable strings in Python.

What significant advantage would mutable strings have over StringIO
and wrapping list manipulation in list(s) and ''.join(l). Other than
that pleasing symmetry with sets/frozensets etc.

-- 
\S -- siona at chiark.greenend.org.uk -- http://www.chaos.org.uk/~sion/
  ___  |  "Frankly I have no feelings towards penguins one way or the other"
  \X/  |    -- Arthur C. Clarke
   her nu become? se bera eadward ofdun hl?ddre heafdes b?ce bump bump bump


From webraviteja at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 00:55:16 2006
From: webraviteja at gmail.com (Ravi Teja)
Date: 30 Jul 2006 21:55:16 -0700
Subject: python and JMS
In-Reply-To: <1154259292.151336.71650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154219685.571985.221730@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1154259292.151336.71650@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154321716.631962.123640@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Alan Kennedy wrote:
> [tksri2000]
> > I am looking to use python to talk to JMS. Can some please point me to
> > such resources if this is possible.
>
> PyHJB is the python-to-JMS gateway. ... via HJB, the HTTP JMS bridge.
> http://hjb.python-hosting.com/
>
> HJB (HTTP JMS Bridge)
> http://hjb.berlios.de/

Neat. Apparently ActiveMQ supports multi-language clients through STOMP
too.
http://www.activemq.org/site/cross-language-clients.html



From moqtar at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 04:00:11 2006
From: moqtar at gmail.com (Kirt)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:00:11 -0700
Subject: locked file
Message-ID: <1153987211.032895.195950@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


i have a code that backsup file from src to dest.
 Now if some of the files are locked , i need to skip those files..
I was trying to use fctl module but it can be used only in unix i
suppose.

is there anyother way? i am using windows os.



From stanc at al.com.au  Tue Jul 11 20:04:57 2006
From: stanc at al.com.au (Astan Chee)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 10:04:57 +1000
Subject: file.readlines() and IOError exceptions
Message-ID: <44B43CA9.8090906@al.com.au>

Hi everyone,
I currently have a problem with reading one of my files.
Normally I'd read files like so:
overf = 'C:\\overf'
my_overf = open(overf,'r')
contents = my_overf.readlines()
my_overf.close()

now the file Im trying to read has recently had alot of read/writes from 
other users/threads/etc, so every now and again I get a
IOError: [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor
I know this has something to do with not being able to read while some 
filehandles are open (or is it?)..I've tried using the following snippet

try:       
     while my_overf.readline() != '':
      contents.append(my_overf.readline())
except Exception:
     d = 0 #do nothing

but it works far slower than normal readlines()...is there a way to 
check the status of this file and wait until the error has gone (i.e 
wait until other users/programs are done with it)?
Thanks



From http  Sun Jul  9 13:20:33 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 09 Jul 2006 10:20:33 -0700
Subject: first book about python
References: <1152405704.389754@athnrd02> <1152455761.317770@athnrd02>
	<1hi7blz.kzl65rthsx7lN%aleax@mac.com>
Message-ID: <7xejwu8zku.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

aleax at mac.com (Alex Martelli) writes:
> Yes, Perl IS harder to learn, BUT -- if you've already decided to learn
> both languages, starting with the harder one need not be a bad idea (the
> Romans' legions, back when they were the best soldiers in the world,

"Learning Perl" is actually a very well-written book for beginning
programmers.  The only thing wrong with it is it's about Perl...


From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul  5 05:43:15 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 11:43:15 +0200
Subject: compressed file ended before the logical end-of-stream was
	detected
References: <1152084550.707264.48560@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.05.09.43.14.155460@gmx.net>

In <1152084550.707264.48560 at m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>, Ritesh Raj
Sarraf wrote:

I have some remarks on exception handling.

> 1) compress_the_file() - This function takes files as an argument to it
> and put all of them into a zip archive
> 
> def compress_the_file(zip_file_name, files_to_compress, sSourceDir):
>     '''Condenses all the files into one single file for easy
> transfer'''
> 
>     try:
>         import zipfile
>     except ImportError:
>         sys.stderr.write("Aieeee! module not found.\n")

`zipfile` is part of the standard library.  So it should be there.  If it
isn't then you write the message and the program will run into a name
error exception because `zipfile` isn't imported then but you use it later
on.

>     try:
>         os.chdir(sSourceDir)
>     except:
>         #TODO: Handle this exception
>         pass

Don't do that!  This catches every exception and ignores it.  Write just a
comment instead that says something like `TODO: add proper exception
handling`.

>     try:
>         filename = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, "a")
>     except IOError:
>         #INFO By design zipfile throws an IOError exception when you
> open
>         # in "append" mode and the file is not present.
>         filename = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, "w")
>     except:
>         #TODO Handle the exception
>         sys.stderr.write("\nAieee! Some error exception in creating zip
> file %s\n" % (zip_file_name))
>         sys.exit(1)
> 
>     filename.write(files_to_compress, files_to_compress,
> zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
>     filename.close()

Poor choice of names IMHO.  I expect `filename` to be a file name, i.e. a
string and `files_to_compress` is plural so one may expect a list or
another iterable.

This `import` wrapped into `try`/`except ImportError` idiom sprinkled all
over the source is a bit odd.  Just do your imports and wrap the main
programs function into `try`/`except` if you want to catch the
`ImportError`\s.  If you stop the program anyway this leads to much less
cluttered source code.

And it maybe would make sense to print the actual catched `IOError`\s too
because it may be a valueable information for the user *why* it failed. 
For example because he has no rights or the file system is full.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From paolopantaleo at gmail.com  Wed Jul  5 02:20:10 2006
From: paolopantaleo at gmail.com (Paolo Pantaleo)
Date: Wed, 5 Jul 2006 08:20:10 +0200
Subject: python - regex handling
In-Reply-To: <081201c69f88$6ce603a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
References: <081201c69f88$6ce603a0$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
Message-ID: <83e8215e0607042320h5efcb64cqc31333c808fa12@mail.gmail.com>

2006/7/4, bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net>:
> hi...
>
> does python provide regex handling similar to perl. can't find anything in
> the docs i've seen to indicate it does...
>
> -bruce
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
http://python.org/doc/2.4.1/lib/module-re.html

Here is the documentation about re, I think that if you spend an hour
or two reading it, you will know about everything you need.

Paolo

-- 
If you like Python as I do, you can find useful my little Python resource center
http://ppp3.co.nr


From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Wed Jul 26 05:28:49 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 02:28:49 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153906129.570898.205310@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

placid:

This may be a solution:

l1 = ['acXXX1', 'XXX2', 'wXXX3', 'kXXX5']
l2 = [ 'bXXX1', 'xXXX2', 'efXXX3', 'yXXX6', 'zZZZ9']

import re
findnum = re.compile(r"[0-9]+$")
s1 = set(int(findnum.search(el).group()) for el in l1)
s2 = set(int(findnum.search(el).group()) for el in l2)
nmax = max(max(s1), max(s2))
# XXXnmax is surely unavailable
missing = set(range(1, nmax)) - s1 - s2
print ["XXX%d" % i for i in sorted(missing)]

# Output: ['XXX4', 'XXX7', 'XXX8']

If you need more speed you can replace some of those sets (like the
range one) with fors.

Bye,
bearophile



From roger.miller at nova-sol.com  Mon Jul 17 16:01:56 2006
From: roger.miller at nova-sol.com (Roger Miller)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 13:01:56 -0700
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8257.1153158306.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e9glk2$c47$00$2@news.t-online.com>
Message-ID: <1153166516.195235.100660@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Peter Otten wrote:
> Steve Holden wrote:
>
> > I'll bet you still write
> >
> > if a>3 == True:
> >
> > don't you ;-)
>
> I'll second that.
>
> if (a>3) == True:
>
> is the correct way :-)
>
> Peter

No, to be consistent you'll have to write

   if ((a>3) == True) == True:

Oops, I mean,

   if (((a>3) == True) == True) == True:

Umm, never mind.



From zondo42 at googlemail.com  Thu Jul  6 03:20:01 2006
From: zondo42 at googlemail.com (zondo42 at googlemail.com)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 00:20:01 -0700
Subject: Installation of python on my workspace.
In-Reply-To: <1152155318.294350.105550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152155318.294350.105550@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152170399.777187.139170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

pyguru at gmail.com wrote:
> I had two questions. I am new to Unix and Python. I wanted to get
> python installed on my unix terminal without too much interference from
> the administrator. How can I do this?

If you have the Python sources, you can configure it to install where
you tell it using the
--prefix option.  E.g. ./configure --prefix=$(HOME) will install it in
your login dir, so you'd run python using $(HOME)/bin/python.  No
sysadmin required.

Glenn



From ty.2006 at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 15:39:21 2006
From: ty.2006 at yahoo.com (T)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 12:39:21 -0700
Subject: An optparse question
Message-ID: <1153510761.297909.255050@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have a short program using optparse.OptionParser that prints out help
message with -h flag:

% myprog.py -h
usage: myprog.py [options] input_file

options:
  -h, --help             show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose        print program's version number and exit
  -o FILE               Output file


My question is, is there a way to print a blank line (or any string)
before "usage: myprog.py [options] input_file" ?  I tried using
callbacks without success.  I think somehow I need to modify the
behavior of optparse.OptionParser.print_usage() function?



From paul at boddie.org.uk  Tue Jul 18 06:48:51 2006
From: paul at boddie.org.uk (Paul Boddie)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 03:48:51 -0700
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrnebmh97.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<1153127569.117917.73090@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrnebpa6g.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <1153219731.832848.296060@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
>
> Now maybe I'm just not bright enough, so maybe you can explain what
> something like col['t'] is evaluated to in a statement like:
>
>   col['t'] = exp

In the notation given earlier, let us say that it would be this:

namespace = col
setitem(namespace, "t", exp)

Note that in my notation I use the term namespace to apply to actual
namespaces (locals, globals, classes, objects) as well as what I call
"itemspaces" (things which store items). In the above, we still obtain
the namespace first, but we don't attempt to fetch the item previously
stored at item "t" (if any was present).

[...]

> Well maybe I'm missing your point entirely but would you be so friendly,
> as to rephrase the following statements too:
>
>   a = a + b

This is where it gets interesting, even though it should not appear to
do so. We might consider writing this as follows:

setname(ns_target, "a", add(getname(ns_source, "a"), b))

Here, I've skipped over how b is obtained, but it'd be something like
getname(locals, "b") or getname(globals, "b"). Since recent versions of
Python perform some special tricks to disallow assignments involving
mixed namespaces (considering a is global and that the above code is in
a function), we probably can assume the same namespace is at work. But
really, the most pertinent question relates to the evaluation of the
namespaces themselves: a simple name binding operation involves the
local or global namespaces which can be obtained without side-effects.
Thus, the simple assignment above is mostly equivalent to the augmented
assignment...

a += b

...since ns_target == ns_source and their evaluation can be considered
free of side-effects. In other words, we can rewrite it thus:

assert ns_target == ns_source
namespace = ns_target
setname(namespace, "a", add(getname(namespace, "a"), b))

>   a.b = a.b + c

We could consider writing this:

setattr(a, "b", add(getattr(a, "b"), c))

Once again, I've skipped over how c is obtained, since it isn't central
to the assignment. As above, it appears that the namespace is the same
on both sides of the assignment (given Python's assignment rules),
although by using an opaque identifier the above example doesn't really
permit us to illustrate this. We could expand the identifier a to
investigate further:

setattr(getname(ns_target, "a"), "b", add(getattr(getname(ns_source,
"a"), "b"), c))

Which according to the above reduces to this:

setattr(getname(namespace, "a"), "b", add(getattr(getname(namespace,
"a"), "b"), c))

And to this:

ns_a = getname(namespace, "a")
setattr(ns_a, "b", add(getattr(ns_a, "b"), c))

Which shows that the augmented assignment is probably equivalent. See
below for a better example.

>   a[b] = a[b] + c

And again, we could consider writing this:

setitem(a, b, add(getitem(a, b), c))

Once again, I've skipped over how b and c are obtained. Consider this
as an exercise! ;-) And as noted above, the example doesn't really
permit us to illustrate this point - you could expand the terms and
produce something that suggests that this simple case is equivalent to
an augmented assignment.

> Because as far as I can see the rephrasing of these statements will
> result in exactly the same results as their augmented assignment
> counter parts. So following your logic above, we would have to
> come to the conclusion that the "targets" of these statements are
> evaluated once too. This while the language reference suggests
> they are evaluated twice.

Quoting from the reference: "In the augmented version, x is only
evaluated once." Let us look in depth at some of the unillustrated
issues from above.

> IMO the language reference sugest that the stament:
>
>   a[i] += [b]

Here, we can be sure that the same namespace is involved:

namespace = a
setitem(namespace, i, add(getitem(namespace, i), [b]))

> is more effective than:
>
>   a[i] = a[i] + [b]

Whilst I, knowing that a appears twice and believing that a always
produces the same result, might write the same as above, let us
consider a more complicated expression instead of a (where the function
f returns a list):

f()[i] = f()[i] + [b]

Here, since we can make no guarantees that f() evaluates to the same
thing every time it is called, we must evaluate it twice to honour the
intent of the statement:

setitem(f(), i, add(getitem(f(), i), [b]

To see this clearly...

f1 = f()
f2 = f()
setitem(f1, i, add(getitem(f2, i), [b])

Meanwhile, in the case of the augmented assignment...

f()[i] += [b]

...the author has more or less stated that he/she wants f() to be
evaluated only once - anything else would be surprising:

namespace = f()
setitem(namespace, i, add(getitem(namespace, i), b))

> IMO it suggests that the augmented assignment version is
> just as effective as:
>
>   a[i].append(b)
>
> Because, i hope, we agree that a[i] is evaluated only
> once here!

The rule is that if the namespace (what you call the primary, I think)
is mentioned once, it is evaluated only once.

[...]

> Yes, and what you are doing here is eliminating the double evaluation
> of the primary. In a statement like a.f().x = ... the a.f() part
> is the primary according to the assignment reference.

Indeed. The language reference uses very simple opaque identifiers to
supposedly illustrate its point but, as we saw above, such examples
actually obstruct the path to understanding. That a simple identifier x
obtained from some namespace is not evaluated twice is almost
tangential to understanding the principles involved.

Paul



From saibotorama at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 20:46:08 2006
From: saibotorama at gmail.com (saibotorama at gmail.com)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 01:46:08 +0100
Subject: Piping external commands
Message-ID: <ghbob21ed4qqg6llpl617tiifbcs1onogu@4ax.com>


What is the Python translation for this Bash statement:

  tar cf - "${files[@]}" | bzip2 > "$file".tar.bz2

(Ignoring the fact that "tar cjf" also exists...)

In other words, how does one pipe together arbitrary commands?


From spooky0815 at gmx.de  Sat Jul  8 10:24:05 2006
From: spooky0815 at gmx.de (spooky)
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 2006 16:24:05 +0200
Subject: wx Browser-objekt for python on Linux
Message-ID: <e8of2f$egk$1@anderson.hrz.tu-chemnitz.de>

Hey,

For windows there is a object wx.lib.iewin to integrate a browserwindow 
into a python-wx-application.
I need a similar object, that runs under linux.

Need help!!!

Thx,

Spooky 



From simon at brunningonline.net  Mon Jul 17 12:09:32 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 17:09:32 +0100
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607170909v279799f6u5d0d761fdff6a753@mail.gmail.com>

On 17 Jul 2006 08:56:34 -0700, PTY <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> wrote:
> Which is better?
>
> lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
>
> while lst:
>   lst.pop()
>
> OR
>
> while len(lst) > 0:
>   lst.pop()

How about:

lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
while lst:
    lst.pop()

Or even just:

lst = []

;-)

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul  5 09:43:53 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 13:43:53 GMT
Subject: python function defs/declarations
In-Reply-To: <mailman.7712.1151886490.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.7712.1151886490.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <tmPqg.2390$No6.49637@news.tufts.edu>

bruce wrote:

> the docs state that the following is valid...

>  print "i = "i

Is this a typo or is that really in the docs?


From uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de  Tue Jul 25 13:39:03 2006
From: uval at rz.uni-karlsruhe.de (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Sch=FCle_Daniel?=)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 19:39:03 +0200
Subject: self question
Message-ID: <ea5kvl$den$1@news2.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de>

Hi all,

given python description below

import random

class Node:
         def __init__(self):
                 self.nachbarn = []

class Graph(object):
	# more code here
         def randomizeEdges(self, low=1, high=self.n):
                 pass


graph = Graph(20)
graph.randomizeEdges(2,5)

I am burned by high=self.n
quick test with

cnt = 1
def foo():
	global cnt
	cnt += 1
	return cnt

def bar(x=foo()):
	print x

bar()	# 2
bar()	# 2
bar()	# 2

this is not behaviour C++ programmer would expect
does someone know why this kind of behaviour is/was choosen?

Regards, Daniel


From elmo13 at jippii.fi  Sat Jul 15 18:08:11 2006
From: elmo13 at jippii.fi (=?iso-8859-1?q?Elmo_M=E4ntynen?=)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 01:08:11 +0300
Subject: How to lock files (the easiest/best way)?
References: <pan.2006.07.15.20.55.59.905209@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebinfl.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<pan.2006.07.15.21.44.00.113438@jippii.fi>
	<slrnebiosa.5kk.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.15.22.07.56.438428@jippii.fi>

On Sat, 15 Jul 2006 23:52:10 +0200, Sybren Stuvel wrote:

> Elmo M?ntynen enlightened us with:
>> Only locally. I want to be able to read/write to a single file from
>> multiple possibly parallel processes. Would 'touch lock' (or
>> something like that) work reliably (this just occured to me)?
> 
> I use a lock directory for that, os.mkdir('/var/lock/somedir').
> If you use a file, you need two steps:
>     1) Check whether the lock-file exists
>     2) Create the lock-file
> 
> This is not atomic. With a directory, creating it will fail if it
> already exists. This means you can atomically check for the lock, and
> if it doesn't exist already, you've immediately created it too.
> 
> Sybren

Thanks. Is that what atomic basically means?


From Summercoolness at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 17:25:18 2006
From: Summercoolness at gmail.com (Summercoolness at gmail.com)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 14:25:18 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153257918.465283.19250@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>


Summercoolness at gmail.com wrote:
> it seems that range() can be really slow:
>
>     if i in range (0, 10000):


My original use was like this:

    if i in range (iStart, iEnd):
        listData.append(a)

in which iStart is 1000 and iEnd is 1008

so in that case, the program ran fine...
but later on, i wanted to include all data, so I relaxed the range by
setting iStart to 0 and iEnd to 9999 and later on i found that the
program was slow due to this.

So looks like the usage of

   if sDay in ("Tue", "Wed", "Thu"):

is more like good use of "in a list"  but in range(0,10000) will be a
big search in a list.



From malahal at us.ibm.com  Fri Jul 14 03:47:41 2006
From: malahal at us.ibm.com (malahal at us.ibm.com)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 00:47:41 -0700
Subject: TFTP client in python
In-Reply-To: <44b72846$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
References: <mailman.8153.1152852952.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b72846$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>
Message-ID: <20060714074741.GA23194@us.ibm.com>

I saw that in Google too! It is server centric and I was looking for
client specific code. The code also doesn't compile due to white space
issues. If this is the best available, I will have to get dirty in
Python!

Thanks, Malahal.

Stefan Behnel [stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de] wrote:
> malahal at us.ibm.com wrote:
> > Is there a TFTP client python module? I just need "get file" feature.
> > I came across two implementations on WEB, but they are kind of
> > unfinished (got the code from some mailing list!).
> 
> Second hit in Google ("tftp python"):
> 
> http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-list/2001-January/024980.html
> 
> Stefan


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 12:13:19 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:13:19 -0700
Subject: Authentication
References: <1153263972.028733.31200@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153325598.847353.233380@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

bigodines wrote:
> Hello guys,
>
> I'm trying to learn python by making some small programs that could be
> useful for some bigger propouses. In fact, i've made a small "check
> latest-modified" for webpages and it's working great.
>
> The next step I would like to do is to check if I have new e-mails (I
> don't wanna read it from my program, i just wanna it to tells me "yes,
> you have new mail(s)" or "no".
>
> My question is, how do I log into my google account using urllib2 to
> check this? Does anyone have a sample script that I can use or
> something to help me?
>
> thanks in advice,
> Matheus

Gmail supports pop and smtp access.  See
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-poplib.html and
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-smtplib.html,  as well as
http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13273 and
http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=13287


Here's a simple pop script:
import poplib

me = 'your.username at gmail.com'
p = '*******' # put your real password of course..

host ='pop.gmail.com'

pop = poplib.POP3_SSL(host)

try:
    pop.user(me)
    pop.pass_(p)
    message_count, mailbox_size = pop.stat()
    # Do some more stuff here...
finally:
    pop.quit()

print message_count, mailbox_size


And a simple smtp script:
import smtplib

me = 'your.username at gmail.com'
p = '*******' # put your real password of course..

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com', 587)

try:
    server.ehlo()
    server.starttls()
    server.ehlo()
    server.login(me, p)
    # Do some more stuff here...
finally:
    server.close()


HTH,
~Simon



From heliflyer at hotmail.com  Mon Jul 24 16:57:33 2006
From: heliflyer at hotmail.com (alfa1234)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 13:57:33 -0700
Subject: using Jython in Websphere 6.0
Message-ID: <1153774653.795639.131040@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Used the following command to extract correct commandLine arguments to
Automate deployment:

AdminApp.installInteractive('z:/Builds_test/sgs/sgs-procDist.ear')

Got the following Args to use for deployment..

install 'z:/Builds_test/sgs/sgs-procDist.ear'  '[  -preCompileJSPs
-installed.ear.destination
d:/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/profileStandAlone/installedApps/TESTND1Network
-distributeApp -nouseMetaDataFromBinary -nodeployejb -appname
SGSProcedure -createMBeansForResources -noreloadEnabled -nodeployws
-validateinstall warn -noprocessEmbeddedConfig -MapModulesToServers
[["SGS Wizard" sgs-procDist.war,WEB-INF/web.xml
WebSphere:cell=TESTND1Network,node=IIS,server=webserver+WebSphere:cell=TESTND1Network,cluster=SGSProcedure]]
-MapWebModToVH [["SGS Wizard" sgs-procDist.war,WEB-INF/web.xml
default_host]]]'


When trying to execute command below via "wsadmin -lang jython"
commanfpromt I got the error below..??? Can anyone HELP ??

Traceback (innermost last):
  (no code object) at line 0
  File "<input>", line 1
        AdminApp.install 'z:/Builds_test/sgs/sgs-procDist.ear' '[
-preCompileJS
Ps -installed.ear.destination
d:/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/profileStandAlone/
installedApps/TESTND1Network -distributeApp -nouseMetaDataFromBinary
-nodeployej
b -appname SGSProcedure -createMBeansForResources -noreloadEnabled
-nodeployws -
validateinstall warn -noprocessEmbeddedConfig -MapModulesToServers
[["SGS Wizard
" sgs-procDist.war,WEB-INF/web.xml
WebSphere:cell=TESTND1Network,node=IIS,server
=webserver+WebSphere:cell=TESTND1Network,cluster=SGSProcedure]]]'
                         ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
wsadmin>



From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Mon Jul 31 16:30:06 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 22:30:06 +0200
Subject: Static Variables in Python?
In-Reply-To: <w9tzg.567168$za7.13416564@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
References: <mailman.8746.1154373688.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<w9tzg.567168$za7.13416564@phobos.telenet-ops.be>
Message-ID: <44ce6660$0$13493$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Roel Schroeven a ?crit :
> Michael Yanowitz schreef:
> 
>>   Is it possible to have a static variable in Python - a local 
>> variable in a function that retains its value.
>>
(snip)
> 
> You could do it by defining static_bits as a keyword parameter with a 
> default value:
> 
(snip)
> It might be a better idea to use a class for this though:
> 
(snip)

Last solution being to use a closure:

def make_bits():
   bits = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
   def set_bit(bit_index, bit_value):
     bits[bit_index] = bit_values
   def get_bits():
     # returns a copy so we don't overwrite
     return bits[:]
   return set_bit, get_bits

set_bit, get_bits = make_bits()

But the better solution is probably to make it a class.


From kdotsky at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:14:14 2006
From: kdotsky at gmail.com (kdotsky at gmail.com)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:14:14 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

kdot... at gmail.com wrote:
> Hello,
> I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
> (urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
> significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
> only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
> key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
> hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
> I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table.  If I
> do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
> the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
> technique work for a set?
>

I just realized that of course the hash is not always going to be
unique, so this wouldn't really work.  And it seems a hash table would
still need to store the keys (as strings) so that string comparisons
can be done when a collision occurs.  I guess there's no avoiding
storing they keys?



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Thu Jul  6 08:10:51 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:10:51 +0200
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace
References: <e8g85g$gos$1$8300dec7@news.demon.co.uk>
Message-ID: <04be01c6a0f5$398fe0c0$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

>>> import SE
>>> Editor = SE.SE ('sleeping=dead sleeping.htm== sleeping<==')
>>> Editor ('This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is
sleeping</a>. Really, it is sleeping.'
'This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really, it
is dead.'
Or:
>>> Editor ( (name of htm file), (name of output file) )

Usage: You make an explicit list of what you want and don't want after
identifying the distinctions.

I am currently trying to upload SE to the Cheese Shop which seems to be
quite a procedure. So far I have only been successful uploading the
description, but not the program. Gudidance welcome. In the interim I can
send SE out individually by request.

Regards

Frederic

----- Original Message -----
From: "Martin Evans" <martin at browns-nospam.co.uk>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Wednesday, July 05, 2006 1:34 PM
Subject: RegEx conditional search and replace


> Sorry, yet another REGEX question.  I've been struggling with trying to
get
> a regular expression to do the following example in Python:
>
> Search and replace all instances of "sleeping" with "dead".
>
> This parrot is sleeping. Really, it is sleeping.
> to
> This parrot is dead. Really, it is dead.
>
>
> But not if part of a link or inside a link:
>
> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really,
it
> is sleeping.
> to
> This parrot <a href="sleeping.htm" target="new">is sleeping</a>. Really,
it
> is dead.
>
>
> This is the full extent of the "html" that would be seen in the text, the
> rest of the page has already been processed. Luckily I can rely on the
> formating always being consistent with the above example (the url will
> normally by much longer in reality though). There may though be more than
> one link present.
>
> I'm hoping to use this to implement the automatic addition of links to
other
> areas of a website based on keywords found in the text.
>
> I'm guessing this is a bit too much to ask for regex. If this is the case,
> I'll add some more manual Python parsing to the string, but was hoping to
> use it to learn more about regex.
>
> Any pointers would be appreciated.
>
> Martin
>
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From dadapapa at googlemail.com  Tue Jul 18 18:51:05 2006
From: dadapapa at googlemail.com (Harold Fellermann)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 15:51:05 -0700
Subject: tkinter help
In-Reply-To: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153237044.401142.324170@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153263065.501471.116520@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

hi,

groves wrote:
> Now let me tell you that i was able to create a simple listbox which
> had 6 options which one can select, but Now what I want is that from
> the available menu, if I select an option it should give me another
> menu associated with that option. Its like digging up that option to do
> advance search.

If I understood you correctly, this is how I would go for it:
consider to create all submenus during initialization but make them
invisible
(put each of them in a single frame) anf toggle the visibility of these
frames 
in the handler of your option menu.

- harold -



From northband at gmail.com  Mon Jul 31 17:07:08 2006
From: northband at gmail.com (northband)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 14:07:08 -0700
Subject: Using Python for my web site
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8754.1154379557.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1154361480.915174.262720@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce3a5c$0$18952$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154367359.931684.106650@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<44ce4530$0$28242$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1pbgluuxgrgbf$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<1154377680.20290.37.camel@devilbox>
	<mailman.8754.1154379557.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1154380028.635992.300770@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

So seems the best approach would be a MVC model rather than server
scripting?  Currently our site is built with a closed source hypertext
preprocessor much like PHP.  So it would be easier for us to script
another site, but if we would gain performance via a MVC model, then
that's what we need.

I am not very familiar with developing via MVC, any good tutorials out
there or good places to start? 

-Adam



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 11 15:50:15 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 12:50:15 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
In-Reply-To: <1152646581.880909.100930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<slrneb7caa.9t2.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<mailman.8036.1152638233.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44b3e7a3$0$23886$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<mailman.8039.1152641902.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152646581.880909.100930@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152647415.591109.308480@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Simon Forman wrote:
> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
> > Hrmms, well, here's an interesting situation.  So say we wanna catch
> > most exceptions but we don't necessarily know what they are going to
> > be.  For example, I have a framework that executes modules (python
> > functions), the framework wraps each function execution in a try/except
> > block in order to compensate for what *might* happen.  Upon coding the
> > framework I really have no idea what types of problems these modules
> > might have but I want to catch these errors so that I can clean up and
> > exit gracefully, not only that but I want to dump the exception to log
> > files so that we can attempt to fix it.  So, I have the option of
> > catching all standard exceptions and not list the ones I know I don't
> > want to catch.  But what about user defined exceptions?  Do I then have
> > to enforce policies on the system stating what types of exceptions can
> > be raised?
> >
> > Is there a way in python to say, "hey, catch everything but these two"?
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> >
> > Carl J. Van Arsdall
> > cvanarsdall at mvista.com
> > Build and Release
> > MontaVista Software
>
>
> try:
>     # Do some stuff
> except Exception, err:
>     if err not in (DontCatchMe1, DontCatchMe2):
>         # Handle err
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon

Dang!  not only did somebody else beat me to it, but my code is wrong
and theirs correct.

Sorry,
~Simon



From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Wed Jul 26 13:24:33 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 17:24:33 GMT
Subject: wxpython: Timer object not working, or just me?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8567.1153927552.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <zrLxg.2583$No6.51082@news.tufts.edu>
	<mailman.8567.1153927552.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <lzNxg.2584$No6.51074@news.tufts.edu>

Steve Holden wrote:

> Integer arithmetic. Try changing the "100" to "100.0" and you'll see it 
> works flawlessly.

oh my god, i don't deserve to use python!

but thanks so much! :)


From johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com  Fri Jul 21 11:50:38 2006
From: johnjsal at NOSPAMgmail.com (John Salerno)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 15:50:38 GMT
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>

Simon Forman wrote:

> Python's re.match() matches from the start of the string, so if you
> want to ensure that the whole string matches completely you'll probably
> want to end your re pattern with the "$" character (depending on what
> the rest of your pattern matches.)

Is that necessary? I was thinking that match() was used to match the 
full RE and string, and if they weren't the same, they wouldn't match 
(meaning a begin/end of string character wasn't necessary). That's wrong?


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Thu Jul 20 04:32:28 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 10:32:28 +0200
Subject: Warning when new attributes are added to classes at run time
In-Reply-To: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
References: <slrnebt6a0.nb9.matt@mwilson.umlcoop.net>
Message-ID: <44bf3f9d$0$30118$636a55ce@news.free.fr>

Matthew Wilson wrote:
> I sometimes inadvertently create a new attribute on an object rather
> update a value bound to an existing attribute.  For example:
> 
(snip)
> 
> I meant to update c.a but I created a new c.A.  I make this mistake
> probably hourly.
> 
> I suspect adding attributes at run time can be a beautiful thing, but in
> this particular instance, I'm only using this feature to hurt myself.

See other posts in this thread for some other possible solutions.

> I wrote a simple class that will warn me when I make this mistake in the
> future:
> 
>     import warnings
> 
>     class C(object):
> 
>         warn_on_new_attributes = True
> 
>         standard_attributes = []
> 
>         def __setattr__(self, name, value):
> 
>             if self.warn_on_new_attributes \
>                 and name is not 'warn_on_new_attributes' \
>                 and name not in self.standard_attributes:
> 
>                 warnings.warn("%s has no standard attribute %s."
>                               % (self.__class__.__name__, name))
> 
> 
>             self.__dict__[name] = value
Make it:	
              object.__setattr__(self, name, value)

Your approach will lead to strange results if you mix it with properties
or other descriptors...


>     class C1(C):
> 
>         standard_attributes = ['a1', 'a2']

DRY violation here. And a potential problem with inheritance (as always
with class attributes).

(snip)


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From deets at nospam.web.de  Thu Jul 13 03:32:09 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 09:32:09 +0200
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8100.1152767908.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8087.1152725758.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1152740017.085586.311080@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8100.1152767908.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <4hmb7pF8f1qU1@uni-berlin.de>

>   I am a little surprised that hash(hash(s)) == hash(s), is that actually
> true?

As hashes are integers & the hash of an integer is the integer itself, 
this isn't to surprising.


Diez


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Mon Jul 10 12:15:47 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 18:15:47 +0200
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>	<asGdnZBR_7dHoyzZnZ2dnUVZ_tmdnZ2d@comcast.com>	<44B1D062.1090906@mum.edu>	<YvSdnUj6bPsOSizZnZ2dnUVZ_tqdnZ2d@comcast.com>
	<e8sooh$3k4$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <e8tufj$1nf$1@sea.gmane.org>

Bryan wrote:

> could you get the same result by putting these methods in base
 > class object that everything subclasses?

and how do you make sure that everything subclasses this base class ?

</F>



From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 07:58:17 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 08:58:17 -0300
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <135538e3fa0s.depmhrltagb2.dlg@40tude.net>

On 2006-07-12 06:17:27, mystilleef wrote:

> But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes. This
> stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> usually part of the API, as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
> blah. 

I'm not sure about which languages you are talking (pretty much all that
allow public methods also allow public attributes), but in general I think
you should get away from the distinction attribute vs method (which doesn't
make much sense in any language) and start looking at the distinction
public vs private (which is what you really are talking about) -- and start
giving the appropriate care to naming public entities, no matter /what/
they are. (Besides, I don't know many coding rules that say that creating
an accessor get/setTemporaryBuffer that acts on the private member tmp is
good style.)

I'm just starting to get started with Python, but it seems that the leading
underscore marks private entities. So why don't you precede everything with
an underscore that doesn't have a name that fulfills your criteria for a
decent public name -- no matter what kind of entity it is?

It seems you are basically complaining that you used a crappy name in a
public API. Well... you shouldn't, not in Python, and not in any other
language :)  And there's no way around it, not in Python, and not in any
other language, than to rename that entity in the public API. Which can be
a major hassle, close to impossible. There are all kinds of public APIs
with crappy names (using accessors and all :) that got created early on and
never changed. Stuff happens.

Maybe you didn't know about the underscore way to mark private entities.
Maybe this doesn't work as I think it does (from reading this thread). But
maybe it does, and maybe that's then just part of the learning curve for
you. (And I'm sure you're not alone... :)

Gerhard



From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 12:51:12 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 09:51:12 -0700
Subject: don't need dictionary's keys - hash table?
In-Reply-To: <1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152719816.331964.57730@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152720854.640170.132520@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152723072.590475.263850@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Dictionaries are hash tables in Python.

If you don't really want to store the keys, just use
dic[hash(key)]=value, this way the dictionary will have the same shape
and distribution of keys as dic[key]=value because
hash('abc')=hash(hash('abc'))  but the long string of actual keys are
not referenced by the dictionary.

Now you couldn't do dic.keys() and see your urls, and every time you
want to do dic['abc'] you would get a KeyError exception.

Hope this helps,
Nick Vatamaniuc

kdotsky at gmail.com wrote:
> kdot... at gmail.com wrote:
> > Hello,
> > I am using some very large dictionaries with keys that are long strings
> > (urls).  For a large dictionary these keys start to take up a
> > significant amount of memory.  I do not need access to these keys -- I
> > only need to be able to retrieve the value associated with a certain
> > key, so I do not want to have the keys stored in memory.  Could I just
> > hash() the url strings first and use the resulting integer as the key?
> > I think what I'm after here is more like a tradition hash table.  If I
> > do it this way am I going to get the memory savings I am after?  Will
> > the hash function always generate unique keys?  Also, would the same
> > technique work for a set?
> >
>
> I just realized that of course the hash is not always going to be
> unique, so this wouldn't really work.  And it seems a hash table would
> still need to store the keys (as strings) so that string comparisons
> can be done when a collision occurs.  I guess there's no avoiding
> storing they keys?



From westymatt at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 15:22:01 2006
From: westymatt at gmail.com (westymatt)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 12:22:01 -0700
Subject: Defining functions in an implementation file
Message-ID: <1153250521.486978.256850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

I am fairly new to python and I want to put alot of my functions in
another python file and import or from it into my script so I can call
the functions.  How is this done?



From bborcic at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 04:23:05 2006
From: bborcic at gmail.com (Boris Borcic)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 10:23:05 +0200
Subject: random shuffles
In-Reply-To: <44c5249e$1_2@news.bluewin.ch>
References: <44c0b68a$1_5@news.bluewin.ch> <7xlkqnugnr.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44c1067c$1_4@news.bluewin.ch> <44c11139$1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
	<7xr70erfaz.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com> <44c5249e$1_2@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <44c7268c$1_5@news.bluewin.ch>

I wrote :
> 
> ...in this sense, it is clear that quicksort for instance is optimal*
> 
> It is easy to see, when you detail this algorithm, that never during its 
> run is the result of a comparison it makes, preordained by comparisons 
> already made; iow : it doesn't make superfluous or redundant comparisons.

The above is true, but...

While an algorithm may never call for a comparison that has a result 
predetermined by previous comparisons, it doesn't follow that the property would 
hold true for the exact same comparisons done in a different order.

In particular, any sort algorithm must have compared successive items to be able 
to conclude to their order, so that any system of comparisons that allows to 
sort a dataset of n items, must contain the strictly minimal system of n-1 
comparisons of successive items.

This doesn't change the conclusion that an algorithm that never does a 
comparison with a result that could be deduced from previous comparisons, will 
only sample a random comparison function up to a system of comparisons that's 
consistent with an order relation between the items.


From rvtol+news at isolution.nl  Sat Jul  1 06:51:27 2006
From: rvtol+news at isolution.nl (Dr.Ruud)
Date: Sat, 1 Jul 2006 12:51:27 +0200
Subject: languages with full unicode support
References: <1151251736.590910.36050@u72g2000cwu.googlegroups.com>
	<lib4a299f2oo11gl62fivn1tijdk73o5ip@4ax.com>
	<e7tj0t$n9i$2@online.de>
	<44a26911$1$660$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
Message-ID: <e85r9h.11k.1@news.isolution.nl>

Chris Uppal schreef:

> Since the interpretation of characters which are yet to be added to
> Unicode is undefined (will they be digits, "letters", operators,
> symbol, punctuation.... ?), there doesn't seem to be any sane way
> that a language could allow an unrestricted choice of Unicode in
> identifiers.

The Perl-code below prints:

xdigit
    22 /194522 =  0.011%  (lower:     6, upper:     6)
ascii
   128 /194522 =  0.066%  (lower:    26, upper:    26)
\d
   268 /194522 =  0.138%
digit
   268 /194522 =  0.138%
IsNumber
   612 /194522 =  0.315%
alpha
 91183 /194522 = 46.875%  (lower:  1380, upper:  1160)
alnum
 91451 /194522 = 47.013%  (lower:  1380, upper:  1160)
word
 91801 /194522 = 47.193%  (lower:  1380, upper:  1160)
graph
102330 /194522 = 52.606%  (lower:  1380, upper:  1160)
print
102349 /194522 = 52.616%  (lower:  1380, upper:  1160)
blank
    18 /194522 =  0.009%
space
    24 /194522 =  0.012%
punct
   374 /194522 =  0.192%
cntrl
  6473 /194522 =  3.328%


Especially look at 'word', the same as \w, which for ASCII is
[0-9A-Za-z_].


==8<===================
#!/usr/bin/perl
# Program-Id: unicount.pl
# Subject: show Unicode statistics

  use strict ;
  use warnings ;

  use Data::Alias ;

  binmode STDOUT, ':utf8' ;

  my @table =
  # +--Name------+---qRegexp--------+-C-+-L-+-U-+
  (
    [ 'xdigit'   , qr/[[:xdigit:]]/ , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'ascii'    , qr/[[:ascii:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ '\\d'      , qr/\d/           , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'digit'    , qr/[[:digit:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'IsNumber' , qr/\p{IsNumber}/ , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'alpha'    , qr/[[:alpha:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'alnum'    , qr/[[:alnum:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'word'     , qr/[[:word:]]/   , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'graph'    , qr/[[:graph:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'print'    , qr/[[:print:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'blank'    , qr/[[:blank:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'space'    , qr/[[:space:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'punct'    , qr/[[:punct:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
    [ 'cntrl'    , qr/[[:cntrl:]]/  , 0 , 0 , 0 ] ,
  ) ;

  my @codepoints =
  (
     0x0000 ..  0xD7FF,
     0xE000 ..  0xFDCF,
     0xFDF0 ..  0xFFFD,
     0x10000 .. 0x1FFFD,
     0x20000 .. 0x2FFFD,
#    0x30000 .. 0x3FFFD, # etc.
  ) ;

  for my $row ( @table )
  {
    alias my ($name, $qrx, $count, $lower, $upper) = @$row ;

    printf "\n%s\n", $name ;

    my $n = 0 ;

    for ( @codepoints )
    {
      local $_ = chr ;  # int-2-char conversion
      $n++ ;

      if ( /$qrx/ )
      {
        $count++ ;
        $lower++ if / [[:lower:]] /x ;
        $upper++ if / [[:upper:]] /x ;
      }
    }

    my $show_lower_upper =
      ($lower || $upper)
      ? sprintf( "  (lower:%6d, upper:%6d)"
               , $lower
               , $upper
               )
      : '' ;

    printf "%6d /%6d =%7.3f%%%s\n"
           , $count
           , $n
           , 100 * $count / $n
           , $show_lower_upper
  }
__END__

-- 
Affijn, Ruud

"Gewoon is een tijger."




From mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca  Mon Jul 24 14:47:46 2006
From: mapsetah2000-maillist5 at yahoo.ca (gmax2006)
Date: 24 Jul 2006 11:47:46 -0700
Subject: Search within running python scripts
Message-ID: <1153766866.621297.208290@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Hi,

Is it possible that a python script finds out whether another instance
of it is currently running or not?

Thank you,
Max



From bearophileHUGS at lycos.com  Thu Jul 20 11:21:44 2006
From: bearophileHUGS at lycos.com (bearophileHUGS at lycos.com)
Date: 20 Jul 2006 08:21:44 -0700
Subject: Note on PEP 299
Message-ID: <1153408904.879310.139640@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I don't like much the syntax of:
if __name__ == '__main__':

Some time ago I have read this PEP:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0299/

And why it was refused:
http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2006-March/062955.html

I think the name of the standard main function may be just main(), so
there isn't the problem with the import (and *maybe* the problem with
multiple Python versions can be ignored with Python 3.0).

If a module contains the main(), the main() is executed when the module
is run alone. Otherwise you can import the module, with the main()
function managed as a normal function.

Bye,
bearophile



From Kiran.Karra at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 11:37:55 2006
From: Kiran.Karra at gmail.com (Kiran)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 08:37:55 -0700
Subject: wxPython Grid XY Coordinates question
Message-ID: <1152891475.335762.5210@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello All,
  I am writing an app in wxPython using a grid.  I need to be able to
recognize what cell in the grid the user is hovering over with the
mouse.  How to do this?
  I tried XYToCell(x, y), but that doesnt work properly because it
thinks that mouse position (0, 0) is the first cell in the grid, and
then goes from there, so if i move the grid to a differernt area on the
screen, the XYToCell is messed up in what it returns.

Any ideas on how to get this to work or any other way?

thanks,
Kiran



From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Thu Jul 13 16:45:34 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 13:45:34 -0700
Subject: Chunking sequential values in a list
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8144.1152818684.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152823534.371539.138430@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


David Hirschfield wrote:
> I have this function:
>
> def sequentialChunks(l, stride=1):
>     chunks = []
>     chunk = []
>     for i,v in enumerate(l[:-1]):
>         v2 = l[i+1]
>         if v2-v == stride:
>             if not chunk:
>                 chunk.append(v)
>             chunk.append(v2)
>         else:
>             if not chunk:
>                 chunk.append(v)
>             chunks.append(chunk)
>             chunk = []
>     if chunk:
>         chunks.append(chunk)
>     return chunks
>
> Which takes a list of numerical values "l" and splits it into chunks
> where each chunk is sequential, where sequential means each value in a
> chunk is
> separated from the next by "stride".
>
> So sequentialChunks([1,2,3,5,6,8,12]) returns:
>
> [[1,2,3],[5,6],[8],[12]]
>
> I don't think the code above is the most efficient way to do this, but
> it is relatively clear. I tried fiddling with list-comprehension ways of
> accomplishing it, but kept losing track of things...so if anyone has a
> suggestion, I'd appreciate it.
>

see the groupby example here:

http://docs.python.org/lib/itertools-example.html 

Gerard



From assafal at ensieta.fr  Tue Jul  4 06:06:37 2006
From: assafal at ensieta.fr (aliassaf)
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 03:06:37 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: fonction in python
Message-ID: <5164997.post@talk.nabble.com>


Hello, 
  
If we write = x^2  and if I give to the program the values of x, it will
going to calculate the values of y, and also for x.   

But it is possible ? that is if I give to the program the values of X and Y,
it will indicate to me the relation between the two variables, in the other
hand if I look to the program x=2 y=4, x=3 y=9 ect... it is going to show me
that f (t)!!! 

Thanks 

-- 
View this message in context: http://www.nabble.com/fonction-in-python-tf1889102.html#a5164997
Sent from the Python - python-list forum at Nabble.com.



From john106henry at hotmail.com  Thu Jul 27 12:37:01 2006
From: john106henry at hotmail.com (John Henry)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 09:37:01 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1153985110.526376.18460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153952255.714312.121180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1153958579.110006.302750@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153984381.118090.324400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1153985110.526376.18460@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154018221.511001.31320@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>


sjdevnull at yahoo.com wrote:
> sjdevnull at yahoo.com wrote:
> > John Henry wrote:
> > > Granted.  Threaded program forces you to think and design your
> > > application much more carefully (to avoid race conditions, dead-locks,
> > > ...) but there is nothing inherently *non-robust* about threaded
> > > applications.
> >
> > Indeed.  Let's just get rid of all preemptive multitasking while we're
> > at it
>
> Also, race conditions and deadlocks are equally bad in multiprocess
> solutions as in multithreaded ones.  Any time you're doing parallel
> processing you need to consider them.
>

Only in the sense that you are far more likely to be dealing with
shared resources in a multi-threaded application.  When I start a
sub-process, I know I am doing that to *avoid* resource sharing.  So,
the chance of a dead-lock is less - only because I would do it far
less.

> I'd actually submit that initially writing multiprocess programs
> requires more design and forethought, since you need to determine
> exactly what you want to share instead of just saying "what the heck,
> everything's shared!"  The payoff in terms of getting _correct_
> behavior more easily, having much easier maintenance down the line, and
> being more robust in the face of program failures (or unforseen
> environment issues) is usually well worth it, though there are
> certainly some applications where threads are a better choice.

If you're sharing things, I would thread. I would not want to  pay the
expense of a process.

It's too bad that programmers are not threading more often.



From kylotan at gmail.com  Fri Jul 28 05:28:53 2006
From: kylotan at gmail.com (Ben Sizer)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 02:28:53 -0700
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44C6F56B.6F27CB76@rotten.apple.commie>
	<slrnecea6h.6f7.sybrenUSE@schuimige.stuvel.eu>
	<44C8499C.E0A7A97E@rotten.apple.commie>
	<44c87297$0$21619$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1154070909.623690.15780@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154078933.751030.185040@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Ray wrote:
> Actually Bruno,  don't you think that the notion of flexibility in
> Python comes at the expense of "security" is simply due to the fact
> that the syntax of "screw up" is exactly the same as the syntax of "I
> mean it this way and I do want it"?
>
> Perhaps if we use a different syntax when we want to say "I really want
> this", it'll be better (so Python can differentiate between a typo and
> a conscious decision).

Surely the very nature of a typo is that you don't know at the time of
typing that you've done the wrong thing. Therefore it's impossible to
signal to Python that you don't want what you've actually typed!

The only way statically-typed languages prevent these errors is
typically by prohibiting the operation entirely. Since Python doesn't
want to do that, you can't effectively prevent this type of error.
Luckily, I find that they don't actually arise in practice, and I've
spent orders of magnitude more time in C++ having to coerce objects
from one type to another to comply with the static typing than I
probably ever will spend debugging Python programs where a typo caused
an error of this type.

-- 
Ben Sizer



From anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch  Sun Jul 30 06:13:43 2006
From: anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch (Anthra Norell)
Date: Sun, 30 Jul 2006 12:13:43 +0200
Subject: Newbie..Needs Help
References: <44ca0e2b$0$1207$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au><44ca292c$0$1206$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au><mailman.8704.1154205950.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44cc2d9f$0$22360$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au>
Message-ID: <009501c6b3c0$d6a0e840$0201a8c0@mcuf7>

Graham,

Would it help to use another web site? Not as long as the program works on this site. If it doesn't it may help to change sites, but
a new reader would have to be crafted. Towards this my code may look intimidating. It isn't really a good example for a demo,
because it looks scary. As I said, I experimentally stretched the envelope.
      The trick is to develop incrementally, one step at a time, look at the result of each stage, recognize what needs to be done
next and add missing definitions or add a subsequent translation step. In this manner a complex system can be built. SE is
particualry accommodating in this respect. You can test an Editor object in seconds on the IDLE command line, e.g.:

      >>> s = 'Total: $1,234.55  (-6.7)'

      >>> print SE.SE ('"$=USD " ,=\' .=, ":=   "  )=%)') (s)
      Total    USD 1'234,55  (-6,7%)

It also helps to read  SE-DOC.HTM which explains a host of basic techniques.

Glad to help

Frederic

----- Original Message -----
From: "Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
To: <python-list at python.org>
Sent: Sunday, July 30, 2006 5:55 AM
Subject: Re: Newbie..Needs Help


> Well Well Well, Anthra you are a clever person, Are
> nt you!!!!
> I nearly fell over when i read your post.
> Would it help if we used another web site to gather data????
> As you stated the tables are not all that well structured.
> well I will give thisone  a go first and if there is anything I can do for
> you just ask and I will try my best.
> I really appreciate what you have done.
> Of course I will try to follow your code to see if any will fall on
> me....LOL
> Regards
> Graham
>
> "Anthra Norell" <anthra.norell at tiscalinet.ch> wrote in message
> news:mailman.8704.1154205950.27775.python-list at python.org...
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Graham Feeley" <grahamjfeeley at optusnet.com.au>
> > Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
> > To: <python-list at python.org>
> > Sent: Friday, July 28, 2006 5:11 PM
> > Subject: Re: Newbie..Needs Help
> >
> >
> >> Thanks Nick for the reply
> >> Of course my first post was a general posting to see if someone would be
> >> able to help
> >> here is the website which holds the data I require
> >> http://www.aapracingandsports.com.au/racing/raceresultsonly.asp?storydate=27/07/2006&meetings=bdgo
> >>
> >> The fields required are as follows
> >>  NSW Tab
> >> #      Win      Place
> >>  2    $4.60   $2.40
> >>  5                $2.70
> >>  1                $1.30
> >>  Quin    $23.00
> >>  Tri  $120.70
> >> Field names are
> >> Date   ( not important )
> >> Track................= Bendigo
> >> RaceNo............on web page
> >> Res1st...............2
> >> Res2nd..............5
> >> Res3rd..............1
> >> Div1..................$4.60
> >> DivPlc...............$2.40
> >> Div2..................$2.70
> >> Div3..................$1.30
> >> DivQuin.............$23.00
> >> DivTrif...............$120.70
> >> As you can see there are a total of 6 meetings involved and I would need
> >> to
> >> put in this parameter ( =bdgo) or (=gosf) these are the meeting tracks
> >>
> >> Hope this more enlightening
> >> Regards
> >> graham
> >>
> >
> > Graham,
> >
> > Only a few days ago I gave someone a push who had a very similar problem.
> > I handed him code ready to run. I am doing it again for
> > you.
> >      The site you use is much harder to interpret than the other one was
> > and so I took the opportunity to experimentally stretch
> > the envelope of a new brain child of mine: a stream editor called SE. It
> > is new and so I also take the opportunity to demo it.
> >      One correspondent in the previous exchange was Paul McGuire, the
> > author of 'pyparse'. He made a good case for using 'pyparse'
> > in situations like yours. Unlike a stream editor, a parser reads structure
> > in addition to data and can relate the data to its
> > context.
> >      Anlayzing the tables I noticed that they are poorly structured: The
> > first column contains both data and ids. Some records are
> > shorter than others, so column ids have to be guessed and hard coded.
> > Missing data sometimes is a dash, sometimes nothing. The
> > inconsistencies seem to be consistent, though, down the eight tables of
> > the page. So they can be formalized with some confidence
> > that they are systematic. If Paul could spend some time on this, I'd be
> > much interested to see how he would handle the relative
> > disorder.
> >      Another thought: The time one invests in developing a program should
> > not exceed the time it can save overall (not talking
> > about recreational programming). Web pages justify an extra measure of
> > caution, because they may change any time and when they do
> > they impose an unscheduled priority every time the reader stops working
> > and requires a revision.
> >
> > So, here is your program. I write it so you can copy the whole thing to a
> > file. Next copy SE from the Cheese Shop. Unzip it and put
> > both SE.PY and SEL.PY where your Python progams are. Then 'execfile' the
> > code in an IDLE window, call 'display_horse_race_data
> > ('Bendigo', '27/07/2006') and see what happens. You'll have to wait ten
> > seconds or so.
> >
> > Regards
> >
> > Frederic
> >
> > ######################################################################################
> >

..... etc.



From daniel.haus at gmail.com  Thu Jul  6 18:01:44 2006
From: daniel.haus at gmail.com (Daniel Haus)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 15:01:44 -0700
Subject: for loop question
In-Reply-To: <12ar0sid4bb2642@corp.supernews.com>
References: <mailman.7877.1152218802.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152219707.588393.108120@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12ar0sid4bb2642@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <1152223304.436571.52350@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

> Except that in the OP's example foo was a sequence, not an
> integer.  I think.

Yes, possibly. But then, what's "from 2 to foo"?

this way it might be

for a in [2] + foo:
    print a



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 19:06:09 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 19:06:09 -0400
Subject: Urllib.encode() - How does it Treat a List?
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607271606r1ff483a3i751bbc3d31c23f57@mail.gmail.com>

Hi Wise Python Folk,

Here's my code:
>>> p={'type':'bar','title':'Gregs Chart 1','values':[1,2,3],'labels':[1,2,3]}
>>> urllib.urlencode(p)
'values=%5B1%2C+2%2C+3%5D&labels=%5B1%2C+2%2C+3%5D&type=bar&title=Gregs+Chart+1'

Now I just can't figure out what it's giving me for say values?  What
is that stuff?  What I want is to create a url and pass it a list of
values, ie so that in the script accepting these parameters I can do:

    form = cgi.FieldStorage()
    values=form.getlist('value')

and values will equal a list with 1,2, 3 or at least '1', '2', '3'

Much thanks in advance!

-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From spamspam at spam.eggs  Sat Jul 15 18:46:16 2006
From: spamspam at spam.eggs (Ben C)
Date: 15 Jul 2006 22:46:16 GMT
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152610388.017929.285680@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b4d9d6$0$14332$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152780657.174836.263530@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b61d94$0$23082$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152789577.742527.201570@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b641e5$0$18110$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152801514.683329.252080@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b66c67$0$31799$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152957314.252038.29290@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8208.1152970371.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnebis1g.r5o.spamspam@bowser.marioworld>

On 2006-07-15, Gerhard Fiedler <gelists at gmail.com> wrote:
> On 2006-07-15 06:55:14, mystilleef wrote:
>
>> In very well designed systems, the state of an object should only be
>> changed by the object. 
>
> IMO that's not quite true. Ultimately, the state always gets changed by
> something else (user interaction, physical events); very few objects are
> completely self-contained in their behavior.
>
> In most systems (and you possibly have written some of them) are objects
> whose state gets changed by other objects -- possibly through the
> intermediation of setter methods that do nothing else but set the state.
> There's no conceptual difference between directly setting the state or
> calling a setter function that does nothing else but directly setting the
> state -- except for one unnecessary level of indirection in the latter.

The conceptual difference is that a function call is more like an "event",
a variable is more like a "process".

An object that provides a setter is a process that is prepared to engage
in this "set event". An object that exposes a variable is a process that
interacts with this variable which the user is also invited to interact
with concurrently.

So with a setter in the API, conceptually, there are two processes
sharing the set event: the object itself, and the process that's calling
the setter. With an exposed variable, there are three: the object, the
variable in between, and the calling process.

Restricting yourself to setters and getters is a bit like saying we
build a machine that only has touch-keys and lights on the outside.
Shared variables are more like a machine with levers and dials you set,
and bits that pop up, like the numbers on mechanical cash-registers.
They have "state" on the outside, not just on the inside. Such designs
can be less tolerant of unsympathetic input-- think how easy it is to
jam up an old-fashioned typewriter if you just press a few keys at the
same time.

There isn't any practical difference, as you say, if all the setter does
is set. But it might easily do a few other subtle things, in particular
wait for a good moment to actually effect the change.


From sigzero at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 13:53:02 2006
From: sigzero at gmail.com (Robert Hicks)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 10:53:02 -0700
Subject: activestate vs enpython
In-Reply-To: <e98kgm$ej9$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
References: <e98jnv$cvh$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
	<mailman.8180.1152898155.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<e98kgm$ej9$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>
Message-ID: <1152899582.671905.102620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


mclaugb wrote:
> Um, i didnt see at the "more information" link whether "numpy,
> numarray, matplotlib, scipy, and scientific python" was included .
>

There's your answer...

:Robert



From simon.hibbs at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:34:09 2006
From: simon.hibbs at gmail.com (Simon Hibbs)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:34:09 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153301649.365221.307500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

I was reading an article about the One Laptop Per Child initiative the
other day, and being a Python fan I wondered if there are any plans to
put Python on it, or at least make it available. A cut-down version of
python, preferably with bindings to the Sugar GUI framework they are
developing, would be a Very Good Thing.

They're planning on manufacturing 100 million of these things!

Simon Hibbs



From etayluz at gmail.com  Fri Jul 14 10:06:40 2006
From: etayluz at gmail.com (Etayki)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 07:06:40 -0700
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
In-Reply-To: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152886000.551881.150290@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

OK, so it it turns out, the window will maximize when SW_MAXIMIZE =3.
But where can I find some documentation for that?

Etayki wrote:
> Hi!
>
> I'm trying to maximize a IE window. I have a handler and I'm trying to
> call ShowWindow to maximize it:
>
> ie = Dispatch('InternetExplorer.Application')
> handler = ie.HWND
> ie.Visible = 1
> win32gui.ShowWindow(handler, SW_MAXIMIZE)
>
> But then I get this error:
> 'SW_MAXIMIZE' is not defined
>
> The function ShowWindow is defined (according to MSDN) as:
>
> BOOL ShowWindow(          HWND hWnd,
>     int nCmdShow
> );
> 
> How do I get SW_MAXIMIZE to be defined?



From news at grauer-online.de  Sun Jul 23 10:20:27 2006
From: news at grauer-online.de (Uwe Grauer)
Date: Sun, 23 Jul 2006 16:20:27 +0200
Subject: Python for Lazarus (not Delphi)
Message-ID: <ea00jc$mmj$1@online.de>

Does anyone know if something similar to Python for Delphi
does exist for lazarus?

Thanks for any pointers,
	Uwe


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 06:46:45 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:46:45 +0200
Subject: how to safely extract dict values
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8723.1154342143.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <hUezg.1069$Eo1.611@newssvr25.news.prodigy.net>
	<mailman.8723.1154342143.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44cddf95$0$7460$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Amit Khemka wrote:
> On 7/31/06, David Zaret <dave at zaret.com> wrote:
>> i have a dict with a particular key - the values for this key will be
>> None, one valid scalar, or a list:
>>
>>         {mykey, None}
>>         {mykey, "foo"}
>>         {mykey, ["bar", "baz"]}
>>
>> let's ignore the None case - in the case of the one or many values, i
>> want to suck the values into a list.  here's one way to do this:
>>
>>              if mydict.has_key(mykey):
>>                  vals=[]
>>                  _v = mydict[mykey]
>>                  if isinstance(_v, types.ListType):
>>                      vals.extend(_v)
>>                  else:
>>                      vals.append(_v)
>>                  #   now we can safely iterate through acts
>>                 for val in vals:
>>                         .....
> 
> how about:
> 
> vals = []
> for val in mydict.values():
>   try: vals.extend(val)
>   except: vals.append(val)

>>> l = []
>>> l.extend((1, 2))
>>> l
[1, 2]
>>> l.extend('ab')
>>> l
[1, 2, 'a', 'b']
>>>


-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From ralphdepping at googlemail.com  Fri Jul 28 07:01:20 2006
From: ralphdepping at googlemail.com (ralphdepping at googlemail.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 04:01:20 -0700
Subject: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
In-Reply-To: <1154078228.110385.236630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1154074993.138404.145380@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<1154078228.110385.236630@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154084480.028200.166580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Thanks for the suggestion Rob.  All I can find are 2 copies of
winsock.dll:
c:/WINNT/system32/winsock.dll
c:/WINNT/system32/dllcache/winsock.dll
They're both the same version 3.10.0.13

I assume it's ok to have a copy in the dllcach directory and that's not
a source of the problem?

Does python require a specific version of winsock.dll?  The OS is
windows 2000 5.00.2195 Service Pack 4.

Cheers,
Ralph

Rob Wolfe wrote:
> ralphdepping at googlemail.com wrote:
> > Trying to get moinmoin wiki working on Windows 2000 using IIS and
> > python.  I get the following error when trying to view the start page
> > after insalling moinmoin and python - key error seems to be at the end
> > related to socket.py (ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code
> > 10107).  10107 is "A system call that should never fail has
> > failed"...which isn't very helpful.  Any ideas what the problem may be?
> >
> >  Thanks,
> > Ralph
> >
> > CGI Error
> > The specified CGI application misbehaved by not returning a complete
> > set of HTTP headers. The headers it did return are:
> >
> >
> > Traceback (most recent call last):
> >   File "C:\Moin\wiki\moin.cgi", line 40, in ?
> >     from MoinMoin.request import RequestCGI
> >   File "C:\Moin\Lib\site-packages\MoinMoin\request.py", line 10, in ?
> >     import os, re, time, sys, cgi, StringIO
> >   File "C:\Python\lib\cgi.py", line 39, in ?
> >     import urllib
> >   File "C:\Python\lib\urllib.py", line 26, in ?
> >     import socket
> >   File "C:\Python\lib\socket.py", line 44, in ?
> >     import _socket
> > ImportError: WSAStartup failed: error code 10107
>
> I'm not sure if that helps but check if you have multiple
> winsock.dll files on the machine.
> Maybe in the system path you have some old winsock.dll.
> 
> regards,
> Rob



From maric at aristote.info  Wed Jul 12 05:47:25 2006
From: maric at aristote.info (Maric Michaud)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:47:25 +0200
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<44b38b7e$0$14341$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152695847.706091.115340@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <200607121147.27056.maric@aristote.info>

Le mercredi 12 juillet 2006 11:17, mystilleef a ?crit?:
> Yes, it is possible to name crappy accessors too (e.g set_tmp/get_tmp).
> But developers tend to pay more attention to given methods/functions
> less crappy names, at least when compared to data attributes.
Not python developers.

> This 
> stems from the fact that in many languages data attributes aren't
> usually part of the API, as well as the whole OO(Encapsulation) blah
> blah. I know I would not name the accessors set_tmp/get_tmp, because my
> philosophy is that methods/functions need to have meaningful names and
> state their intended purpose.
But that's not python philosophy.

> I don't hold data attributes to such 
> standards and I imagine many developers don't either and least based on
> other people's code I've read. Plus there are many occassions when 
> attributes are not intended to be APIs, but eventually become one.
But they are in Python and that is the python's philosophy. All attribute or 
method not beginning with an '_' *is* API.

> After all most data attributes are created with the purpose of serving
> methods.
And in python the reverse can be true :

class a(object) :
	def __init__(self, ro_attr) : self.__attr = ro_attr
	def _getAttr(self) :
		"""A method which serves an attribute"""
		return self.__attr
	attr = property(_getAttr)




-- 
_____________

Maric Michaud
_____________

Aristote - www.aristote.info
3 place des tapis
69004 Lyon
Tel: +33 426 880 097


From spam at spam.spam  Sat Jul 22 14:06:03 2006
From: spam at spam.spam (rsd)
Date: Sat, 22 Jul 2006 14:06:03 -0400
Subject: Sansung YH-920 + Linux + yh-925-db-0.1.py = AttributeError: 'module'
	object has no attribute 'decode'
Message-ID: <zNtwg.164$h54.123@fe10.lga>

Hi,

I'm trying get Samsung YH-920 mp3 player to work with Debian GNU/Linux. 
To do that I need to run
   http://www.paul.sladen.org/toys/samsung-yh-925/yh-925-db-0.1.py 
script, the idea behind the script is described at
   http://www.paul.sladen.org/toys/samsung-yh-925/

I'm getting errors and hoping someone could give me some hints, for I 
have no python background.

This is what I've done:
1. mounted YH-920 as /mnt/usb and transfered my MP3s to 
/mnt/usb/System/music/mp3 folder. That was easy.

2. Now, I need to run "yh-925-db-0.1.py" to update the database.

test:/mnt/usb# ls -l
total 64
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 16384 2006-07-22 10:31 backup
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 16384 2006-07-22 10:33 System
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2002-01-01 11:00 tmp


test:/mnt/usb/System# ls -l
total 2480
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 audible
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 data
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 music
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 Parms
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 playlist
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2424832 2004-07-31 10:47 pp5020.mi4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 16384 2006-06-26 16:31 Recordings
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7305 2006-07-22 10:34 yh-925-db-0.1.py


test:/mnt/usb/System# ./yh-925-db-0.1.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./yh-925-db-0.1.py", line 195, in ?
de.add_from_dict(e.unpack3(f))
File "./yh-925-db-0.1.py", line 53, in unpack3
u = utf_16_le.decode(fp.read(size))
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'decode'

Any ideas? Thanks


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 08:53:55 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 14:53:55 +0200
Subject: wanting
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <mailman.8291.1153222632.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44bcd9e4$0$21787$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

arsl89 wrote:
> hy gys i m wanting python programming language.
> plz snd me the backup of python
> 
Welcome to my bozo-list.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr  Tue Jul 11 20:48:44 2006
From: bdesth.quelquechose at free.quelquepart.fr (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 02:48:44 +0200
Subject: import and global namespace
In-Reply-To: <1152648998.845948.64420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152648998.845948.64420@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b44593$0$4314$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

nate a ?crit :
> I'd like a module than I'm importing to be able to use objects in the
> global namespace into which it's been imported.  is there a way to do
> that?

It's a very bad idea. Instead of asking how to implement a bad solution, 
tell us about the real problem.

NB : FWIW, the clean solution probably involve a class...


From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Mon Jul 10 05:52:22 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 09:52:22 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<44af2405$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1152384971.287126.123920@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-09, Fredrik Lundh <fredrik at pythonware.com> wrote:
> Frank Millman wrote:
>
>> So it looks as if x +=  [] modifies the list in place, while x = x + []
>> creates a new list.
>
> objects can override the += operator (by defining the __iadd__ method), 
> and the list type maps __iadd__ to extend.  other containers may treat 
> += differently, but in-place behaviour is recommended by the language
> reference:
>
>    An augmented assignment expression like x += 1 can be rewritten as
>    x = x + 1 to achieve a similar, but not exactly equal effect.  In
>    the augmented version, x is only evaluated once. Also, when possible,
>    the actual operation is performed in-place, meaning that rather than
>    creating a new object and assigning that to the target, the old object
>    is modified instead.

What does it mean that x is only evaluated once.  I have an avltree module,
with an interface much like a directory.  So I added print statements to
__setitem__ and __getitem__ and then tried the following code.

>>> from avltree import Tree
>>> t=Tree()
>>> t['a'] = 1
__setitem__, key = a
>>> t['a']
__getitem__, key = a
1
>>> t['a'] = t['a'] + 1
__getitem__, key = a
__setitem__, key = a
>>> t['a'] += 1
__getitem__, key = a
__setitem__, key = a
>>> t['b'] = []
__setitem__, key = b
>>> t['b'] = t['b'] + [1]
__getitem__, key = b
__setitem__, key = b
>>> t['b'] += [2]
__getitem__, key = b
__setitem__, key = b

So to me it seems that when we substitute t['a'] or t['b'] for x,
x is evaluated twice with the augmented version, just like it
is with the not augmented version.

-- 
Antoon Pardon



From cvanarsdall at mvista.com  Mon Jul 24 16:51:07 2006
From: cvanarsdall at mvista.com (Carl J. Van Arsdall)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 13:51:07 -0700
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
In-Reply-To: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>
References: <20060724183449.29014.21322178.divmod.quotient.52397@ohm>
Message-ID: <44C532BB.4070004@mvista.com>

Jean-Paul Calderone wrote:
> On Mon, 24 Jul 2006 11:22:49 -0700, "Carl J. Van Arsdall" <cvanarsdall at mvista.com> wrote:
>   
>> Steve Holden wrote:
>>     
>>> Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:
>>> [... rant ...]
>>>
>>>       
>>>> So with this whole "hey mr. nice thread, please die for me" concept gets
>>>> ugly quickly in complex situations and doesn't scale well at all.
>>>> Furthermore, say you have a complex systems where users can write
>>>> pluggable modules.  IF a module gets stuck inside of some screwed up
>>>> loop and is unable to poll for messages there's no way to kill the
>>>> module without killing the whole system.  Any of you guys thought of a
>>>> way around this scenario?
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>         
>>> Communications through Queue.Queue objects can help. But if you research
>>> the history of this design decision in the language you should discover
>>> there are fairly sound rasons for not allowing arbitrary "threadicide".
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>       
>> Right, I'm wondering if there was a way to make an interrupt driven
>> communication mechanism for threads?  Example: thread receives a
>> message, stops everything, and processes the message.
>>
>>     
>
> And what happens if the thread was halfway through a malloc call and
> the data structures used to manage the state of the heap are in an
> inconsistent state when the interrupt occurs?
>
> This has been discussed many many times in the context of many many
> languages and threading libraries.  If you're really interested, do
> the investigation Steve suggested.  You'll find plenty of material.
>   

I've been digging around with Queue.Queue and have yet to come across 
any solution to this problem.  Queue.Queue just offers a pretty package 
for passing around data, it doesn't solve the "polling" problem.  I 
wonder why malloc()'s can't be done in an atomic state (along with other 
operations that should be atomic, maybe that's a question for OS guys, I 
dunno).  Using Queue.Queue still puts me in a horribly inflexible 
"polling" scenario.  Yea, I understand many of the reasons why we don't 
have "threadicide", and why it was even removed from java.  What I don't 
understand is why we can't come up with something a bit better.  Why 
couldn't a thread relinquish control when its safe to do so?  While the 
interpreter is busy doing malloc()s a thread receives a control message, 
the thread waits until it knows its no longer in an atomic state and 
gives control to the message handler when it can.  Its about setting up 
a large system that is controllable without the painstaking process of 
putting message polling loops all over the place.  Main threads in a 
python program can setup a signal handler, accept signals, and that 
signal can happily go ahead and kill a python interpreter.  Why can't 
this concept be taken farther and introduced into threading? 

There is no system that is completely interruptible, there will always 
be a state in which it is not safe to interrupt, but many systems work 
around this just fine with cautious programming.  Has anyone considered 
an event driven approach to sending control messages to threads?

-c

 





-- 

Carl J. Van Arsdall
cvanarsdall at mvista.com
Build and Release
MontaVista Software



From mail at microcorp.co.za  Fri Jul 28 08:49:58 2006
From: mail at microcorp.co.za (H J van Rooyen)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 14:49:58 +0200
Subject: Fastest Way To Loop Through Every Pixel
References: <1154049568.303202.85560@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154051159.113728.50290@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154053723.899787.72980@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><1154055002.495073.171650@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><Grhyg.21879$Cn6.17684@tornado.texas.rr.com><mailman.8646.1154071426.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<clkyg.21883$Cn6.1217@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <00dc01c6b245$4d89c580$03000080@hendrik>


 "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:

| "H J van Rooyen" <mail at microcorp.co.za> wrote in message
| news:mailman.8646.1154071426.27775.python-list at python.org...
| > "Paul McGuire" <ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com> wrote:
| >
| > | Even downer-and-dirtier, you could approximate 30 with 32, 59 with 64,
| and
| > | 11 with 8, and do bit-shifting instead of multiplying:
| > |
| > | def darkness(img,x,y):
| > |     return  (RedVal(img,x,y) << 5) + (GreenVal(img,x,y) << 6) +
| > | (BlueVal(img,x,y) << 3)
| > |
| > |
| > | -- Paul
| >
| > *grin* - a man after my own heart! - how do you multiply by ten? - shift,
| save a
| > copy, shift twice more and add the copy...
| >
| > - Hendrik
| >
| Sadly, my timeit results show this saves only a little time, and
| shift-copy-shiftsomemore-and-add is even slower then just doing the original
| floating point multiply.  The biggest win is in prelookup of Image.GetXXX
| functions.
|
| -- Paul

I was not seriously suggesting this for use in python on a pc - its the sort of
rubbish you do on a small embedded machine that has a reduced instruction set
and no multiplier...

- Hendrik





From gandalf at designaproduct.biz  Wed Jul  5 12:36:03 2006
From: gandalf at designaproduct.biz (Laszlo Nagy)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 18:36:03 +0200
Subject: XML-RPC server-client communication
In-Reply-To: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152116724.487542.222680@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44ABEA73.4080101@designaproduct.biz>

Stefka ?rta:
> Hi all,
>
> I try to implement a python xml-rpc server and call it from a php
> client. If the server and the client are on the same machine
> (localhost) the communication between them is just fine. When I start
> the server on a different host I don't get an answer.
>   
Please go to the machine where you php program resides, and check if the 
server is not blocked by firewall rules. For example, do

telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 22999

If it does not connect, then the problem is with your network or 
firewall settings. (I thought this is the most probable...)

Best,

   Laszlo
> What is missing there?? I tried also to set username and password,
> cause I thought there is an authenticate issue but it didn't work
> either.
>   



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Wed Jul 19 06:27:44 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 10:27:44 GMT
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net>
	<mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8306.1153248693.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrnebs290.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-18, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>
> "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
> news:slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>> On 2006-07-17, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>>>  Or, whether docs (and reasonable interpretation thereof) and
>>> implementation match, which I claim they do it this case.
>
> The claim, in reference to the CPython implementation, that you refer to 
> below.
>
>> Well this dispute seems to boil down what is and what is not
>> involved in evaluating a target,
>
> Yes, and that is interpreter/implementation dependent.

Well I can agree that some things are implemantation dependent.
But shouldn't a language reference describe behaviour in terms or
implementation independent things?

>> and I have come to doubt that
>> target evaluation is even a meaningfull concept in python,
>
> Abstractly, it is whatever the interpreter does before it actually attaches 
> an object to the name or slot.  Again, the details are interpreter 
> dependent.

Well I can sort of agree with this. IMO there are two possible views
here, (not necessarily mutual exclusive) But if you agree with the first
IMO the language reference shouldn't make use of the concept to
describe behaviour.

  1) target evaluation is not a pythonic concept.

  2) It is whatever the interpreter does before it actually
     attaches an object, to a name/slot/... (in a primary).

>> so maybe in order that I can understand how you come to that claim,
>
> I looked at the CPython bytecode and saw that for augmented assigment, it 
> saved on the stack the internal information it needed for get and set 
> instead of recalculating it after the operation.  This is what I expected 
> and what I think the docs imply.
>
>> can you explain what a target evaluates to?
>
> The internal information the interpreter needs to do the assignment 
> (binding).

Yes but that seems to be an entirly internal interpreter affair. If
you stay at the level of the byte code, you will not find any opcode
that will result in or manipulate a target evaluation.

If you look at the language reference for the assignment, you will
not find the notion of a target evaluation mentioned there either.

That is because as far as I can see, an assignment is essentially
a ternary operation in python. An assignment needs a (name)space/scope,
an index/key/name and an object and those three are combined into
an assignment. Sometimes it looks like only two elements
are given, but that is because the space is implicit in cases
of a rebinding, (the STORE_GLOBAL and STORE_FAST opcode).

Talking about a target evaluation IMO only makes sense if
you view an assigment as a binary operation.

>> So in a statement like
>>  col['t'] = exp
>> What is the evaluation of col['t']?
>
> Try some personal introspection.  When you act as a Python interpreter, 
> what do you do?

I do the evaluation of the target in the __setitem__ method
(or the STORE_SUBSCR opcode).

Let as look what the compilor makes of it:
[blank lines added for clarity]

>>> dis(compile("col['t'] = exp", '', 'single'))

  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (exp)
              3 LOAD_NAME                1 (col)
              6 LOAD_CONST               0 ('t')

              9 STORE_SUBSCR        

The bytecodes at 0, 3 and 6 don't do any evaluation, they
just put things on the stack.

So what does the STORE_SUBSCR at location 9 do (or __setitem__)?

Well it will first do a number of preparations, like searching
for a bucket in a dictionary or a node in a tree or list, may
be even create one if a suitable wasn't available. And after
that is done, the object will be somehow attached.

So IMV those preparation before the attachment, belong to
whatever the interpreter does before it actually attaches
an object to a name/slot.

So the evaluation of the target is part of what is done by
STORE_SUBSCR or __setitem__.

Now you can object to the fact that I have divided the work
within an opcode. But if you do that, there seems to be
no place left to talk about a target evaluation in this
example.

So as a conclusion I would say one has two options:

  1) View target evaluations as not a pythonic concept

  2) Accept that target evaluation is done by STORE_SUBSCR/__setitem__

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul  4 02:28:12 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 23:28:12 -0700
Subject: ascii character - removing chars from string
References: <1151979407.878633.66050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.7746.1151983389.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1151994492.497358.63830@v61g2000cwv.googlegroups.com>

bruce wrote:
> simon...
>
> the '&nbsp;' is not to be seen/viewed as text/ascii.. it's a representation
> of a hex 'u\xa0' if i recall...

Did you not see this part of the post that you're replying to?

>  'nbsp': '\xa0',

My point was not that '\xa0' is an ascii character... It was that your
initial request was very misleading:

"i'm running into a problem where i'm seeing non-ascii chars in the
parsing i'm doing. in looking through various docs, i can't find
functions to remove/restrict strings to valid ascii chars."

That's why you got three different answers to the wrong question.

You weren't "seeing non-ascii chars" at all.  You were seeing ascii
representations of html entities that, in the case of '&nbsp;', happen
to represent non-ascii values.

>
> i'm looking to remove or replace the insances with a ' ' (space)

Simplicity:

s.replace('&nbsp;', ' ')

~Simon

"You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
means."
 -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"

>
> -bruce
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org
> [mailto:python-list-bounces+bedouglas=earthlink.net at python.org]On Behalf
> Of Simon Forman
> Sent: Monday, July 03, 2006 7:17 PM
> To: python-list at python.org
> Subject: Re: ascii character - removing chars from string
>
>
> bruce wrote:
> > hi...
> >
> > update. i'm getting back html, and i'm getting strings like " foo &nbsp;"
> > which is valid HTML as the '&nbsp;' is a space.
>
> &, n, b, s, p, ;  Those are all ascii characters.
>
> > i need a way of stripping/removing the '&nbsp;' from the string
> >
> > the &nbsp; needs to be treated as a single char...
> >
> >  text = "foo cat &nbsp;"
> >
> >  ie ok_text = strip(text)
> >
> >  ok_text = "foo cat"
>
> Do you really want to remove those html entities?  Or would you rather
> convert them back into the actual text they represent?  Do you just
> want to deal with &nbsp;'s?  Or maybe the other possible entities that
> might appear also?
>
> Check out htmlentitydefs.entitydefs (see
> http://docs.python.org/lib/module-htmlentitydefs.html)  it's kind of
> ugly looking so maybe use pprint to print it:
>
> >>> import htmlentitydefs, pprint
> >>> pprint.pprint(htmlentitydefs.entitydefs)
> {'AElig': '?',
>  'Aacute': '?',
>  'Acirc': '?',
> .
> .
> .
>  'nbsp': '\xa0',
> .
> .
> .
> etc...
>
>
> HTH,
> ~Simon
>
> "You keep using that word.  I do not think it means what you think it
> means."
>  -Inigo Montoya, "The Princess Bride"
> 
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list



From scott.daniels at acm.org  Sat Jul  1 14:05:02 2006
From: scott.daniels at acm.org (Scott David Daniels)
Date: Sat, 01 Jul 2006 11:05:02 -0700
Subject: How to create a limited set of instanceses of a class
In-Reply-To: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1151771329.790014.298960@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44a6b411$1@nntp0.pdx.net>

madpython wrote:
> For the pure theory sake and mind expansion i got a question.
> Experimenting with __new__ i found out how to create a singleton.
> class SingleStr(object):
>     def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
>         instance=cls.__dict__.get('instance')
>         if instance:
>             return instance
>         cls.instance=object.__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
>         return cls.instance
> 
> What if i need to create no more than 5 (for example) instances of a
> class. I guess that would be not much of a problema but there is a
> complication. If one of the instances is garbagecollected I want to be
> able to spawn another instance....

This should help.  You didn't really say how to pick the result
if there are duplicates, so I just decided for myself.  Read up
on the weakref module, it is your friend in this kind of problem.

     import weakref, random

     class Limited(any_new_style_class):
         _held_instances = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
         _held_limit = 5
         def __new__(class_, *args, **kwargs):
             if len(class_._held_instances) < class_._held_limit:
                 # You could go over here if threading is an issue
                 instance = super(class_, Limited).__new__(
                                           class_, *args, **kwargs)
                 class_._held_instances[id(instance)] = instance
                 return instance
             return random.choice(class_._held_instances.values())


--Scott David Daniels
scott.daniels at acm.org


From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Wed Jul 26 17:20:19 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:20:19 GMT
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <n0Rxg.10917$Cn6.9245@tornado.texas.rr.com>

"Tim Chase" <python.list at tim.thechases.com> wrote in message
news:mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list at python.org...
> I'm sure there's a *much* more elegant pyparsing solution to
> this, but I don't have the pyparsing module on this machine.
> It's much better/clearer and will be far more readable when
> you come back to it later.
>
> However, the above monstrosity passes the tests I threw at
> it.
>
> -tkc

:)  Cute!  (but how come no pyparsing on your machine?)

Ok, I confess I looked at the pyparsing list parser to see how it compares.
Pyparsing's examples include a list parser that comprehends nested lists
within lists, but this is a bit different, and really more straightforward.

Here's my test program for this modified case:

wrd = Word(alphas)
parenList = Combine( Optional(wrd) + "(" + SkipTo(")") + ")" +
Optional(wrd) )
brackList = Combine( Optional(wrd) + "[" + SkipTo("]") + "]" +
Optional(wrd) )
listExpr = ZeroOrMore( parenList | brackList | wrd )

txt = "a (b c) d [e f g] h i(j k) l [m n o]p q"
print listExpr.parseString(txt)

Gives:
['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'i(j k)', 'l', '[m n o]p', 'q']


Comparitive timing of pyparsing vs. re comes in at about 2ms for pyparsing,
vs. 0.13 for re's, so about 15x faster for re's.  If psyco is used (and we
skip the first call, which incurs all the compiling overhead), the speed
difference drops to about 7-10x.  I did try compiling the re, but this
didn't appear to make any difference - probably user error.

Since the OP indicates a concern for speed (he must be compiling a lot of
strings, I guess), it would be tough to recommend pyparsing - especially in
the face of a working re that so neatly does the trick.  But if at some
point it became necessary to add support for {}'s and <>'s, or quoted
strings, I'd rather be working with a pyparsing grammar than that crazy re
gibberish!

-- Paul





From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 19:29:48 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 18:29:48 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<1154380117.092577.58400@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Nbvzg.2554$W93.577@dukeread05>
	<1154385339.695918.155840@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7qwzg.2558$W93.2107@dukeread05>

John Machin wrote:


> Have you actually tried it? Do you mean it barfs on the word "long"
> [meaning that it's not an ANSI-compliant C compiler], or that "long" is
> only 16 bits?

:-) if the documentation tells me there is no 32 bit support, why should I
not believe it ?

> because (1) [like I said before] gcc appears to be able to generate
> code for a vast number of different CPUs (2) because I find it very
> difficult to believe that a C compiler for the CPU on a device in
> current use won't support 32-bit longs -- and so far you have presented
> no credible evidence to the contrary

I can recall working on a sparclite many years ago (32 bits) with a
x-compiler called g++ (supported by cygnus) that handled the type "long
long" = 64 bits.

As far as the credible evidence ... you're hurting my feelings ;-)

> 
>>  and I googled S1C88 and sent you a
>> link as that is the name of the compiler's directory.
> 
> and is that or is it not the correct link for the documentation for the
> compiler that you are using??????
> 

Neither can I ! - never found any documentation online ... got it from my
device supplier.

Regards,

Philippe




From geli at tasmail.com  Thu Jul 20 02:53:22 2006
From: geli at tasmail.com (gel)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 23:53:22 -0700
Subject: New to threads. How do they work?
In-Reply-To: <f05ub2ds9l6lb3tocpjk8bediv8ck84mqi@4ax.com>
References: <1153361291.923692.45330@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<f05ub2ds9l6lb3tocpjk8bediv8ck84mqi@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <1153378402.468743.138510@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Dennis Lee Bieber wrote:

> On 19 Jul 2006 19:08:12 -0700, "gel" <geli at tasmail.com> declaimed the
> following in comp.lang.python:
>
> > import thread
> >
> 	Step one... Skip the thread module and use threading module instead.
>
> > def create():
> >
> >         pythoncom.CoInitialize()
> >         c = wmi.WMI()
> >         while 1 :
> >
> >             print "watching creation"
> >             watcher = c.watch_for(notification_type="Creation",
> > wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
>
> 	I don't know WMI, but is that delay a real sleep operation, or a
> polling loop?
>
> 	And either could be a problem if they hold the GIL -- preventing
> anything else from running until they return...
>
> >
> > thread.start_new_thread(create(),())
> > thread.start_new_thread(delete(),())
>
> 	At the very least, I suggest commenting out the COM and WMI calls --
> test threads that ONLY print output and do a time.sleep(1). That should
> be sufficient to see if the threads themselves are being started.
> --
> 	Wulfraed	Dennis Lee Bieber		KD6MOG
> 	wlfraed at ix.netcom.com		wulfraed at bestiaria.com
> 		HTTP://wlfraed.home.netcom.com/
> 	(Bestiaria Support Staff:		web-asst at bestiaria.com)
> 		HTTP://www.bestiaria.com/

Thanks alot for your help.  I had tried using threading with a
different setup in the function side but did not get success. I think
that I have winner now.  Thanks again.  What follows is the what I have
working so far.  And another question why do you prefer to us threading
and thread?

import wmi
import pythoncom
import threading

def create():

        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
        c = wmi.WMI()
        while 1 :

            print "watching creation"
            watcher = c.watch_for(notification_type="Creation",
wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
            print watcher()

def delete():

        pythoncom.CoInitialize()
        d = wmi.WMI()
        while 1 :
            print "watching deletion"
            watcher = d.watch_for(notification_type="Deletion",
wmi_class="Win32_Process", delay_secs=1)
            print watcher()

import threading
threading.Thread(target=create).start()
threading.Thread(target=delete).start()

Cheers



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Wed Jul 19 12:46:05 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:46:05 -0700
Subject: Simple file writing techiques ...
In-Reply-To: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153307652.805293.85190@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153327565.360769.24920@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

cdecarlo wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I've often found that I am writing little scripts at the interpretor to
> read a text file, perform some conversion, and then write the converted
> data back out to a file. I normally accomplish the above task by

<snip>

>
> Any suggestions,
> 
> Colin

You should check out the fileinput module.

HTH,
~Simon



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Fri Jul 14 09:43:55 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 14 Jul 2006 13:43:55 GMT
Subject: EuroPython 2006 and Py3.0
References: <1152107919.947872.202190@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152121598.837684.38310@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152123523.533208.260950@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <slrnebf7sr.gue.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-05, bearophileHUGS at lycos.com <bearophileHUGS at lycos.com> wrote:
> Kay Schluehr:
>> there is nothing really new or interesting or challenging.
>> Micro-optimizations and shape lifting.
>
> I see. Maybe Python is becoming a commodity used by more than 10e6
> persons, so changellenges aren't much fit anymore.
> Guido has tried to avoid the problems of Perl6, making Py3.0 a
> improvement and not a revolution. The good thing is that we'll probably
> see a beta version in 14-18 months. Py3.0 from being like fantasy is
> become something close, this is a good thing.
> I may ask you what you would like to see in Py3.0, but remember that
> your answer may become ignored by the developers.

These are just some ideas. Whether they fit into python or not I will
leave to the developers.

1) Literal slices, in a sense we already have these, but they are
   limited to indexing. You can't do something like fun(::). May
   be this means the notation used now has to be adapted.


2) Iterable slices. Allow (provided the slice notation stays:)

      for i in (1:10):
         ...

   to do the same as:

      for i in xrange(1,10):

  This will allow to get rid of both range and xrange. Xrange
  is totally unnecessary and range(a,b) becomes list(a:b).


4) Introduce Top and Bottom objects, which will allways
   compare greater/smaller to other objects. Make them
   the default values for the start and stop values of
   slices.


5) Give slices a "&" and "|" operator.


7) Give slices the possibility to include the stop value.

   My first idea here was that the notation of slices
   was adapted, so that what is a:b now would become
   a:|b. A slice to include the b would then be a::b.
   You could even have a slice that didn't include the
   a but included the b like:  a|:b

   Now I expect a lot of resitance here, so it this
   seems not feasable, just drop it.


6) Is this is all asked too much, make slice at least
   subclassable.


-- 
Antoon Pardon


From brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk  Tue Jul 18 09:02:55 2006
From: brian at rkspeed-rugby.dk (Brian Elmegaard)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 15:02:55 +0200
Subject: Dictionary question
References: <uejwjkv0z.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk> <uac77ku5x.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>
	<1153225411.825261.94910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <u1wsjkqv4.fsf@rkspeed-rugby.dk>

"Justin  Azoff" <justin.azoff at gmail.com> writes:

> last[keytotal] = min(last.get(keytotal), valtotal)
> comes close to working - it would if you were doing max.

Thanks, I think this would help.

-- 
Brian (remove the sport for mail)
http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html
Rugbyklubben Speed Scandinavian Open 7s Rugby http://www.rkspeed.dk


From cookedm+news at physics.mcmaster.ca  Tue Jul 18 16:49:06 2006
From: cookedm+news at physics.mcmaster.ca (David M. Cooke)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 16:49:06 -0400
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <qnkwtaazlj1.fsf@arbutus.physics.mcmaster.ca>

"Carl Banks" <pavlovevidence at gmail.com> writes:

> Patrick Maupin wrote:
>> PTY wrote:
>>
>> > It looks like there are two crowds, terse and verbose.  I thought terse
>> > is perl style and verbose is python style.  BTW, lst = [] was not what
>> > I was interested in :-)  I was asking whether it was better style to
>> > use len() or not.
>>
>> It's not canonical Python to use len() in this case.  From PEP 8:
>>
>> - For sequences, (strings, lists, tuples), use the fact that empty
>>       sequences are false.
>>
>>       Yes: if not seq:
>>            if seq:
>>
>>       No: if len(seq)
>>           if not len(seq)
>>
>> The whole reason that a sequence supports testing is exactly for this
>> scenario.  This is not an afterthought -- it's a fundamental design
>> decision of the language.
>
> That might have made sense when Python and string, list, tuple were the
> only sequence types around.
>
> Nowadays, Python has all kinds of spiffy types like numpy arrays,
> interators, generators, etc., for which "empty sequence is false" just
> doesn't make sense.  If Python had been designed with these types in
> mind, I'm not sure "empty list is false" would have been part of the
> language, let alone recommend practice.

Bruno's already mentioned that iterators and generators aren't
sequences. Numpy arrays act like the other sequence types:

>>> a = numpy.array([])
>>> a
array([], dtype=int64)
>>> len(a)
0
>>> bool(a)
False

(0-dimensional numpy arrays are pathological anyways)

-- 
|>|\/|<
/--------------------------------------------------------------------------\
|David M. Cooke
|cookedm(at)physics(dot)mcmaster(dot)ca


From vatamane at gmail.com  Wed Jul 12 15:15:07 2006
From: vatamane at gmail.com (Nick Vatamaniuc)
Date: 12 Jul 2006 12:15:07 -0700
Subject: Compiling Python using the Portland Group compiler
References: <mailman.8074.1152714402.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152731707.538277.203690@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Konrad,
I would  try to find out if pgcc has any compatibility switches. I saw
you turned optimization "off" but sometimes there is more you can do
disable some of the advanced behind the scenes magic. So apply all
those switches, run the tests and then try them one by one to find out
how many you can enable before test fail again. If you compiled it as
64bit application, try to compile as a regular 32bit and see what
happens.
Nick V.


Konrad Hinsen wrote:
> I am trying to install Python 2.4.3 on an AMD Opteron system using
> the Portland Group's compiler (pgcc). Using
>
> CC="pgcc -DNCURSES_ENABLE_STDBOOL_H=0" OPT="-O0" LINKFORSHARED="-Wl,-
> export-dynamic" ./configure --without-cxx
>
> I finally managed to obtain an executable that would start and work,
> but it fails a couple of test cases:
>
> 1) test_coercion reports wrong results for operations with complex
> numbers. For example,
> 2**(2.+0j) yields (1+0j).
>
> 2) test_compare reports some wrong results, such as
>
> 	(2+0j) != (2+0j)
>
> However, typing
>
> 	(2+0j) == (2+0j)
>
> into the interpreter yields "True". Perhaps the bug is in the
> execution of the test suite.
>
> 3) test_compile reports wrong results as well:
>
> test test_compile failed -- Traceback (most recent call last):
>    File "/work/experiences/biophys/hinsen/install/Python-2.4.3/Lib/
> test/test_compile.py", line 164, in test_literals_with_leading_zeroes
>      self.assertEqual(eval("0777j"), 777j)
> AssertionError: 777j != 777j
>
> However,
> 	eval("0777j") == 777j
> yields "True".
>
> 4) test_cpickle crashes with a segmentation fault.
>
>
> Has anyone encountered such failures before? Does anyone have useful
> suggestions for analyzing them?
>
> Konrad.
> --
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------
> Konrad Hinsen
> Centre de Biophysique Mol?culaire, CNRS Orl?ans
> Synchrotron Soleil - Division Exp?riences
> Saint Aubin - BP 48
> 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
> Tel. +33-1 69 35 97 15
> E-Mail: hinsen ?t cnrs-orleans.fr
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 31 14:46:16 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 31 Jul 2006 11:46:16 -0700
Subject: import error
References: <1154370408.620247.74670@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154371576.747699.177850@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

cheeky wrote:
> Hi, all.
>
> I now really like to program with Python, even though I'm a newbie. I
> have difficulty in solving the following problem.
>
> $ python
> Traceback (most recent call last):
>   File "x.py", line 6, in ?
>     import calendar, time
>   File "time.py", line 5, in ?
>     now = time.time()
> TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
>
> I now see the above error message. The source code is the following.
>
> $ cat -n x.py
>      1  #!/usr/bin/python
>      2
>      3  import traceback
>      4
>      5  from datetime import date
>      6  import calendar, time
>
> I don't have the line now = time.time() which encountered an error in
> the previous step. I removed that line but I still see the error.
>
> Someone says I should reload time module. However, I can't even import
> time module. That's why I can't even try to reload time module name.
>
> What's wrong with me? I'm studying on Ubuntu Linux. On Window IDLE
> doesn't seem to have this problem. I saw someone saying it could be
> happening when running independent script. I don't know what is right.
>
> I really would like to know what is going on my system and how to clear
> the past information. Thank you.

It looks like you might have a file named 'time.py' in the same
directory as your 'x.py'.  If so, move it away (or rename it) and try
again.

HTH,
~Simon



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 04:38:35 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 10:38:35 +0200
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
In-Reply-To: <slrneape01.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>	<mailman.7814.1152110745.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrneape01.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e8l6i8$ng9$1@sea.gmane.org>

Antoon Pardon wrote:

>> have any of your "my mental model of how Python works is more important 
>> than how it actually works" ever had a point ?
> 
> Be free to correct me. But just suggesting that I'm wrong doesn't help
> me in changing my mental model.

over the years, enough people have wasted enough time on trying to get 
you to understand how Python works, in various aspects.  if you really 
were interested in learning, you would have learned something by now, 
and you wouldn't keep repeating the same old misunderstandings over and 
over again.

</F>



From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Sat Jul  8 14:52:56 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 8 Jul 2006 18:52:56 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.7883.1152245746.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneavvo7.qdr.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-07, Terry Reedy <tjreedy at udel.edu> wrote:
>
> "Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
> news:slrneapmfr.at1.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>> And if  Nested variables are harmfull,
>
> I don't know if anyone said that they were, but Guido obviously does not 
> think so, or he would not have added them.  So skip that.
>
>> what is then the big difference between rebinding them and mutating them
>
> A variable is a name.  Name can be rebound (or maybe not) but they cannot 
> be mutated.  Only objects (with mutation methods) can be mutated.  In other 
> words, binding is a namespace action and mutation is an objectspace action. 
> In Python, at least, the difference is fundamental.
>
> Or, in other other words, do not be fooled by the convenient but incorrect 
> abbreviated phrase 'mutate a nested variable'.

I'm not fooled by that phrase. I just think the mutate vs rebind
explanation is not complete.

If we have two statements "a = b" and "c.d = b" the fact that a is being
rebound while c is mutated doesn't explain why we allow c to be searched
out of the local scope.

By only stating that the first statement is a rebinding and the second
is a mutation and that this is a fundamental difference in python you
seem to suggest that this fundamental differenence implies this
difference in searching scopes. Python could have made the choice
that in an assignment the variable on the left side was always to
be searched in local space so that code like the following would
throw: UnboundLocalError: local variable 'c' referenced before assignment

c = SomeObject
def f():
  c.a = 5

Now I'm not arguing python should have made this choice. But the
possibility shows IMO this has more to do with search policies
of names than with the distinction between a rebinding and a mutation.

AFAIK when nested scopes where introduced everyone agreed that scopes
had to have access to outer scopes. There were voices that supported
allowing a rebinding in an outer scope but no consensus on how to
do this was reached, so this possibility was dropped. So we can't
rebind an outer scope variable but we can mutate such a variable
because for mutation we only need access.

>> I understand that python evolved and that this sometimes results
>> in things that in hindsight could have been done better.
>
> So does Guido.  That is one explicit reason he gave for not choosing any of 
> the nunerous proposals for the syntax and semantics of nested scope write 
> access.  In the face of anti-consensus among the developers and no 
> particular personal preference, he decided, "Better to wait than roll the 
> dice and make the wrong, hard to reverse, choice now".  (Paraphrased quote)
>
>>I have to wonder if someone really thought this through at design time
>
> Giving the actual history of, if anything, too many people thinking too 
> many different thoughts, this is almost funny.

Maybe I didn't made myself clear enough, but I never meant to imply
people hadn't thought thouroughly about this. If I gave you this
impression I appologize. What I was wondering about was that those
that had thought about it, would have reached a certain conclusion
that seemed suggested.

> Recently however, Guido has rejected most proposals to focus attention on 
> just a few variations and possibly gain a consensus.  So I think there is 
> at least half a chance that some sort of nested scope write access will 
> appear in 2.6 or 3.0.

Well I have browsed the discussion, which is why I react so lately to
this, and there is one thing I wonder about. As far as I can see no
suggestion removes the difference in the default search. The following
code will still work and won't need an outer statement. (or global,
nonlocal or whatever it will be)

c = SomeObject
def f():
  c.a = 5

I don say they have to change this, but since it seemed decided this
was a python3k thing, i think the question deserved to be raised.

But I'm glad with this turn of events anyhow.

Just my 2 cent.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From paddy3118 at netscape.net  Sun Jul  9 17:07:25 2006
From: paddy3118 at netscape.net (Paddy)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 14:07:25 -0700
Subject: Scope, type and UnboundLocalError
In-Reply-To: <44b16c9d$0$4175$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1152428844.123150.281420@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152432517.210392.243040@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b0f6bd$0$12744$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<1152469806.678680.232370@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<3cn2b2dq21koeevibpt937323muutnb0jj@4ax.com>
	<1152477777.124443.286590@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44b16c9d$0$4175$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1152479245.458658.117300@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
<SNIP>

Ta.



From amit.man at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 08:30:40 2006
From: amit.man at gmail.com (noro)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 05:30:40 -0700
Subject: local moduile acess from cgi-bin
In-Reply-To: <44c62574$0$18935$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153835528.499270.284150@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c62574$0$18935$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153917039.989452.153780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

thanks bruno

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> noro wrote:
> > hello all.
> >
> > I do some coding in python but this is my first attampt to write
> > somthing for hte web.
> >
> > I need to write a cgi-bin script for a web-server, and i've got the
> > access for it from our "SYSTEM". the problem is that this script uses
> > some modules (pg, pyLab) that i've installed localy in my home dir.
> > Python knows how to find them due to an enviorment variable inthe shell
> > (please corrent me if i'm wrong).
> >
> > now, i am by no means big expert about web servers, but if i got it
> > right, the web server run under some user ("www-data" or such).
> > so howi can i make this user (and the web) be able to run my python
> > code without having to install the modules as shared. (which i dont
> > think they will allow me).
>
> import sys
> sys.path.append('/home/amir/<wherever-your-modules-are>')
>
> should do the trick.
>
> HTH
> --
> bruno desthuilliers
> python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
> p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"



From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 21 17:02:29 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 14:02:29 -0700
Subject: regular expression - matches
In-Reply-To: <hh7wg.2542$No6.50662@news.tufts.edu>
References: <1153488990.303888.326750@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153491467.810071.59610@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<iJ6wg.2541$No6.50552@news.tufts.edu>
	<1153498710.326612.101670@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<hh7wg.2542$No6.50662@news.tufts.edu>
Message-ID: <1153515749.782295.150470@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


John Salerno wrote:
> Thanks guys!

A pleasure.  : )



From steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au  Tue Jul  4 12:11:47 2006
From: steve at REMOVETHIScyber.com.au (Steven D'Aprano)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 02:11:47 +1000
Subject: Code design for a sub-class of built-ins
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.04.16.11.46.164982@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>

I'm having problems with sub-classes of built-in types.

Here is a contrived example of my subclass. It isn't supposed
to be practical, useful code, but it illustrates my problem.

class MyStr(str):
    """Just like ordinary strings, except it exhibits special behaviour
    for one particular value.
    """
    magic = "surprise"
    def __init__(self, value):
        str.__init__(self, value)
    def __len__(self):
        if self == self.magic:
            print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
        return str.__len__(self)
    def upper(self):
        if self == self.magic:
            print "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
        return str.upper(self)
    # and so on for every last string method...


The obvious problem is, I have to create a custom method for every string
method -- and if strings gain any new methods in some future version of
Python, my subclass won't exhibit the correct behaviour.

Here's a slightly different example:

class MyInt(int):
    """Like an int but with special behaviour."""
    def __init__(self, value, extra):
        int.__init__(self, value=None)
        self.extra = extra
    def __add__(self, other):
        if self.extra is None:
            return int.__add__(self, other)
        else:
            return int.__add__(self, other) + self.extra
    # and again with all the other methods

This one doesn't even work!

>>> i = MyInt(5, 6)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: int() can't convert non-string with explicit base

Looks like my __init__ isn't even being called here. Why not, and how do I
fix this?

Is there a way to subclass built-in types without needing to write the
same bit of code for each and every method? 

Am I approaching this the wrong way? Is there a better design I could be
using?

Thanks,



-- 
Steven.



From lebougeant at 3Douest.com  Mon Jul 10 08:47:38 2006
From: lebougeant at 3Douest.com (Jérôme Le Bougeant)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 14:47:38 +0200
Subject: To compile the VideoCapture module 
Message-ID: <44b24c66$0$881$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

Hello (and sorry for my English),



I downloaded the VideoCapture module on the 
http://videocapture.sourceforge.net/ site. I tested it with a webcam and 
that functions.

Now I want to compile his file .cpp (vidcap.cpp). Thereafter, the idea is to 
be able to modify the code to include my own modifications.

For the moment I only try to compile, but does not arrive :(

I will try to pose my problem :

First of all I am under Windows xp because I must use DirectX. I use the 
MinGW compiler. I use following script (setup.py) to be able to compile :




nomModule = 'vidcap'

from distutils.core import setup, Extension

setup(name = nomModule, ext_modules = [ Extension(nomModule, sources = [ 
nomModule+'.cpp'],\

include_dirs=["C:\DX90SDK\Include","C:\DX90SDK\Samples\C++\DirectShow\BaseClasses"],\

library_dirs=["C:\Python23\libs","C:\DX90SDK\Lib","C:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\lib"]) 
 ])

The include_dirs enable me to indicate the access path has my .h that I 
need. And library_dirs in theory the libraries which I need (I say in theory 
because I do not have the impression that it takes into account, but we will 
return later).

I try so the first compilation with : python setup.py build

I have a few errors

I try to resolve them

Here the modifications which I have of bringing :

In strmif.h:

line 6164 : replace #ifndef _WINGDI_ by #ifndef _WINGDI_H

line 20557 : Add EXTERN_GUID definition just before first EXTERN_GUID():

    #ifndef EXTERN_GUID

    #define EXTERN_GUID(g,l1,s1,s2,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8) 
DEFINE_GUID(g,l1,s1,s2,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8)

    #endif

line 28736 : Fix the tagVMRGUID struct (GUID -> ::GUID)

    ::GUID *pGUID;

    ::GUID GUID;

Put UrlMon.h in the file include of DX90SDK (recover it in Microsoft 
Platform SDK) in the same way for MsXml.h.

Then to define uCLSSPEC and QUERYCONTEXT, I have includes their definition 
directly in my file .cpp :

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// definitions recuper?es de c:\Program Files\Microsoft Plateform 
SDK\include\WTypes.h

typedef struct tagCSPLATFORM

{

DWORD dwPlatformId;

DWORD dwVersionHi;

DWORD dwVersionLo;

DWORD dwProcessorArch;

} CSPLATFORM;

#ifndef _LCID_DEFINED

#define _LCID_DEFINED

typedef DWORD LCID;

#endif // !_LCID_DEFINED

typedef struct tagQUERYCONTEXT

{

DWORD dwContext;

CSPLATFORM Platform;

LCID Locale;

DWORD dwVersionHi;

DWORD dwVersionLo;

} QUERYCONTEXT;

typedef WCHAR OLECHAR;

typedef OLECHAR *LPOLESTR;

typedef struct __MIDL___MIDL_itf_wtypes_0003_0001

{

DWORD tyspec;

union __MIDL___MIDL_itf_wtypes_0003_0005

{

CLSID clsid;

LPOLESTR pFileExt;

LPOLESTR pMimeType;

LPOLESTR pProgId;

LPOLESTR pFileName;

struct

{

LPOLESTR pPackageName;

GUID PolicyId;

} ByName;

struct

{

GUID ObjectId;

GUID PolicyId;

} ByObjectId;

} tagged_union;

} uCLSSPEC;

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Last thing modified in vidcap.cpp :

line 774 : /*statichere*/ PyTypeObject Dev_Type = {


Comment out statichere, because it was already declared in extern.



After all these modifications, I compile again and no errors but...

Here what I obtain with compilation :


running install

running build

running build_ext

building 'vidcap' extension

C:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\bin\gcc.exe -mno-cygwin -mdll -O -Wall -IC:\DX90SDK\Include 
 -IC:\DX

90SDK\Samples\C++\DirectShow\BaseClasses -Ic:\Python23\include -Ic:\Python23\PC 
 -c vidcap.cpp -

o build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dshow.h:46,

from vidcap.cpp:24:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/strmif.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dshow.h:46,

from vidcap.cpp:24:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/strmif.h:877: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

C:/DX90SDK/Include/strmif.h:878: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

C:/DX90SDK/Include/strmif.h:30645: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dshow.h:49,

from vidcap.cpp:24:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/control.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:492,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/dxtrans.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/d3d.h:189,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dxtrans.h:278,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:492,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/d3dtypes.h:26: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

C:/DX90SDK/Include/d3dtypes.h:2116: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dxtrans.h:280,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:492,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/urlmon.h:17: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/urlmon.h:278,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dxtrans.h:280,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:492,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/msxml.h:17: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/dxtrans.h:280,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:492,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/urlmon.h:301: warning: ignoring #pragma comment

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:107,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/mmstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:108,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/strmif.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:122,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/mmstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:123,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/ddstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/ddstream.h:59,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:123,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/mmstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:124,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/austream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

In file included from C:/DX90SDK/Include/austream.h:71,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/amstream.h:124,

from C:/DX90SDK/Include/qedit.h:493,

from vidcap.cpp:73:

C:/DX90SDK/Include/mmstream.h:2: warning: ignoring #pragma warning

writing build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.def

cc -mno-cygwin -shared -s build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o 
build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.def -LC:\Python23\libs -LC:\DX90SDK\Lib  
-LC:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\lib -Lc:\Python23\libs -Lc:\Python23\PCBuild -lpython23 
 -o build\lib.win32-2.3\vidcap.pyd

error: command 'cc' failed: No such file or directory

I obtain warning, but I think that we can be to ignore them.

(#pragma warning( disable: 4049 ) /* more than 64k source lines */)

Then my problem it is that it does not create my module .pyd. Maybe linker 
error ? But I don't see why that command 'cc' failed ! (I use gcc)

I think the part C:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\bin\g in beginning line was 
disappeared !

I try to run all this command line, i.e. :

C:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\bin\gcc -mno-cygwin -shared -s 
build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o 
build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.def -LC:\Python23\libs -LC:\DX90SDK\Lib  
-LC:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\lib -Lc:\Python23\libs -Lc:\Python23\PCBuild -lpython23 
 -o build\lib.win32-2.3\vidcap.pyd


Here a part of result :


build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x570):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `IID_IGraphBuilder'

build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x579):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `CLSID_FilterGraph'

build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x57e):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `CoCreateInstance at 20'

build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x59e):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `IID_ICaptureGraphBuilder2'

build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x5a7):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2'

build\temp.win32-2.3\Release\vidcap.o(.text+0x5ac):vidcap.cpp: undefined 
reference to `CoCreateInstance at 20'

...


I think it is a problem of linker error. However I show the right directory 
to recover libraries 
(-LC:\Python23\libs -LC:\DX90SDK\Lib -LC:\Python23\Enthought\MingW\lib), but 
apparently does not take into account.





In short, how to make ?

If I did not take the right method of resolution of my problem, how then I 
do to proceed ?




Thanks for any ideas.







Ps : I also wanted to compile it under dev-cpp to see. Result, same problem, 
but only 5 or 6 linker errors.

I include in the parameters of linker :

C:/Python23/libs/libpython23.a

C:/DX90SDK/Lib/amstrmid.lib

C:/Python23/Enthought/MingW/lib/libole32.a

C:/Python23/Enthought/MingW/lib/liboleaut32.a







Regards,




J?r?me




From apardon at forel.vub.ac.be  Thu Jul  6 15:08:41 2006
From: apardon at forel.vub.ac.be (Antoon Pardon)
Date: 6 Jul 2006 19:08:41 GMT
Subject: Nested scopes, and augmented assignment
References: <1152014838.883327.237990@j8g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<4gv5nqF1os71jU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<slrneane0n.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44abbc26$0$14843$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneanj6v.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2psgkcbjb.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
	<slrneapmfr.at1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<m2hd1urb92.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>
Message-ID: <slrneaqntp.ic7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>

On 2006-07-06, Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl> wrote:

>>AP> Aren't we now talking about implementation details? Sure the compilor
>>AP> can set things up so that local names are bound to the local scope and
>>AP> so the same code can be used. But it seems somewhere was made the
>>AP> decision that b was in the local scope without looking for that b in
>>AP> the scopes higher up.
>
> Yes, as I (and others) have already said several times: an assignment to a
> variable inside a function body (but not an assignment to an attribute or
> part of an object) without a global declaration makes that variable a local
> variable. That is not an implementation detail; it is part of the language definition.

You seem to think I didn't understand this. Maybe I'm not very good
at explaining what I mean, but you really haven't told me anything
here I didn't already know.

>>AP> [ ... ]
>>AP> Now we come to the line "b = a"
>
>>AP> This could be then executed internally as follows:
>
>>AP>   LeftScope = SearchName("b", ScopeList)
>>AP>   RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
>>AP>   LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]
>
>>AP> But I don't have to do it this way. I already know in which scope
>>AP> "b" is, the local one, which has index 0. So I could just as well
>>AP> have that line exucuted as follows:
>
>>AP>   LeftScope = ScopeList[0]
>>AP>   RightScope = SearchName("a", ScopeList)
>>AP>   LeftScope["b"] = RightScope["a"]
>
>>AP> As far as I understand both "implementations" would make for
>>AP> a correct execution of the line "b = a" and because of the
>>AP> second possibility, b is IMO not conceptually searched for in
>>AP> the same way as a is searched for, although one could organise
>>AP> things that the same code is used for both.
>
> That is the optimization I spoke of above. But it is not the problem we
> were discussing.

Could you maybe clarify what problem we are discussing? All I wrote
was that with an assignment the search for the lefthand variable
depends on whether the lefthand side is a simple variable or
more complicated. Sure people may prefer to speak about (re)binding
vs mutating variables, but just because I didn't use the prefered terms,
starting to doubt my understanding of the language, seems a bit
premature IMO. I'm sure there are areas where my understanding of
the language is shaky, metaclasses being one of them, but understanding
how names are searched doesn't seem to be one of them.

-- 
Antoon Pardon


From gelists at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 23:01:06 2006
From: gelists at gmail.com (Gerhard Fiedler)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 00:01:06 -0300
Subject: How to force a thread to stop
References: <44c21e51$0$10140$3a628fcd@textreader.nntp.hccnet.nl>	<9bl4c2lsid4i67gnlc447her5aoau265t2@4ax.com>	<mailman.8475.1153762034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153831188.646392.185770@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8528.1153845034.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153880729.687711.227570@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8572.1153932090.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153942270.301732.99880@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8585.1153946003.27775.python-list@python.org>	<7xslkoum88.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<44C7E7EC.4020301@mvista.com> <1lwn8bs8qhg4c.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>
	<44C80AEE.2060607@mvista.com>
Message-ID: <12bbt2nk40k6f$.dlg@gelists.gmail.com>

On 2006-07-26 21:38:06, Carl J. Van Arsdall wrote:

>>> Also, threading's condition and event constructs are used a lot 
>>> (i talk about it somewhere in that thing I wrote).  They are easy to use 
>>> and nice and ready for me, with a server wouldn't I have to have things 
>>> poll/wait for messages?
>>
>> How would a thread receive a message, unless it polls some kind of queue or
>> waits for a message from a queue or at a semaphore? You can't just "push" a
>> message into a thread; the thread has to "pick it up", one way or another. 
>   
> Well, I guess I'm thinking of an event driven mechanism, kinda like 
> setting up signal handlers.  I don't necessarily know how it works under 
> the hood, but I don't poll for a signal.  I setup a handler, when the 
> signal comes, if it comes, the handler gets thrown into action.  That's 
> what I'd be interesting in doing with threads.

What you call an event handler is a routine that gets called from a message
queue polling routine. You said a few times that you don't want that. 

The queue polling routine runs in the context of the thread. If any of the
actions in that thread takes too long, it will prevent the queue polling
routine from running, and therefore the event won't get handled. This is
exactly the scenario that you seem to want to avoid. Event handlers are not
anything multitask or multithread, they are simple polling mechanisms with
an event queue. It just seems that they act preemtively, when you can click
on one button and another button becomes disabled :)

There are of course also semaphores. But they also have to either get
polled like GUI events, or the thread just goes to sleep until the
semaphore wakes it up. You need to understand this basic limitation: a
processor can only execute statements. Either it is doing other things,
then it must, by programming, check the queue -- this is polling. Or it can
suspend itself (the thread or process) and tell the OS (or the thread
handling mechanism) to wake it up when a message arrives in a queue or a
semaphore gets active.

You need to look a bit under the hood, so to speak... That's why I said in
the other message that I think it would do you some good to read up a bit
on multitasking OS programming techniques in general. There are not that
many, in principle, but it helps to understand the basics.

Gerhard



From alikakakhel at yahoo.com  Mon Jul 10 00:54:35 2006
From: alikakakhel at yahoo.com (greenflame)
Date: 9 Jul 2006 21:54:35 -0700
Subject: function that modifies a string
In-Reply-To: <1152505296.099716.324930@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152503390.176320.73010@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<1152505296.099716.324930@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152507275.262056.189920@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>

Jason wrote:
>
> You cannot do what you are trying to do directly.  Strings are
> immutable objects.  Once a string is created, that string cannot be
> modified.  When you operate on a string, you produce a different
> string.  Functions which operate on a string should return their value:
>
> >>> def thefunc(s):
> ...     return '||' + s + '>>'
> ...
> >>> s = 'Char'
> >>> s = thefunc(s)
> >>> s
> '||Char>>'
>
> There /are/ a few hacks which will do what you want.  However, if you
> really need it, then you probably need to rethink your program design.
> Remember, you can't change a string since a string is immutable!  You
> can change a variable to bind to another string.  In the following
> example, s gets rebound to the new string while t keeps the original
> string value:
>
> >>> def changeString(varName):
> ...     globalDict = globals()
> ...     globalDict[varName] = '||' + globalDict[varName] + '>>'
> ...     return
> ...
> >>> s = 'Char'
> >>> t = s
> >>> changeString('s')
> >>> s
> '||Char>>'
> >>> t
> 'Char'
>
> Further note that this only affects variables in the global scope.  I
> hope this helps!
>
>     --Jason

Ok so let me see if I understand. The globalDict is just a dictionary
containing the name of the global variables as the keys and their
values as the values of the dictionary? Thus the inputed variable is
treated like a global variable?



From francois.schnell at gmail.com  Fri Jul 21 18:06:25 2006
From: francois.schnell at gmail.com (francois.schnell at gmail.com)
Date: 21 Jul 2006 15:06:25 -0700
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
In-Reply-To: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153519585.020159.243560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

Hello dfaber,

I had the same problem not long ago. I tried to use the Xlib since its
obvious the X server  has all the events but I couldn't have the mouse
events if my app was out of focus. If you have a way to do that I'm
really interested.

Anyway I found this to be a good introduction to Xlib:
http://users.actcom.co.il/~choo/lupg/tutorials/xlib-programming/xlib-programming.html#preface

Since I didn't find a way to do it I went down to the source of the
events which are provided by the evdev drivers:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evdev

Fortunately you can use Python to access it:
http://svn.navi.cx/misc/trunk/python/evdev/

First you need to know your input devices, search the eventX in
relation to your device here:
cat /proc/bus/input/devices

Then you can do:
sudo python evdev.py /dev/input/eventX  # where X is the event number
in relation to your device (kb is usually zero)

It works well but there is two problems with this solution:
- the root access is annoying (but I'll have to try Diez suggestion)
- The X event number of the mouse can change from a PC to another one
(you need to check the PC first with that cat command and search for
your "mouse"

francois





dfaber wrote:
> Hi all,
>  I have been searching for a keyboard and mouse tracker on linux. I've
> read solutions (watch at sourceforge) which look at /proc/interrupts to
> check keyboard or mouse activity. I also read one post where "watch"
> seems to have difficulty tracking usb keyboards and mice. So, I'm out
> of ideas here.
>
> My goal are:
> 1. Check keyboard activity. I'm not interested in logging which keys
> are pressed or record them.
> 2. Monitor mouse activity. I want to know the pointer position,
> left-clicks, right-clicks, middle-mouse button usage.
>
> I know that these things can be done in a GUI environment. I am looking
> for some approach that helps me do this system-wide.
>
> Any suggestions would be welcome. Again, I am looking for trackers on
> Linux based machines.



From mart.franklin at gmail.com  Tue Jul  4 10:18:29 2006
From: mart.franklin at gmail.com (mart.franklin at gmail.com)
Date: 4 Jul 2006 07:18:29 -0700
Subject: built in zip function speed
Message-ID: <1152022708.564988.298570@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I hope I am not being too ignorant :p but here goes... my boss has
written a bit of python code and asked me to speed it up for him...
I've reduced the run time from around 20 minutes to 13 (not bad I think
;) to speed it up further I asked him to replace a loop like this:-


index = 0

for element in a:
   av = a[index]
   bv = b[index]
   cv = c[index]
   dv = d[index]
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av-bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)
   index = index + 1

(where a, b, c and d are 200,000 element float arrays)
to use the built in zip function.. it would seem made for this problem!

for av, bv, cv, dv in zip(a, b, c, d):
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)

however this seems to run much slower than *I* thought it would
(and in fact slower than slicing) I guess what I am asking is.. would
you expect this?

full code listing (I hope I have made a very obvious error):-

import array
import time


a = array.array("f")
b = array.array("f")
c = array.array("f")
d = array.array("f")
e = array.array("f")

for value in xrange(1, 200000, 1):
    a.append(float(value))
    b.append(float(value))
    c.append(float(value))
    d.append(float(value))



start = time.time()

index = 0

for element in a:
   av = a[index]
   bv = b[index]
   cv = c[index]
   dv = d[index]
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av-bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)
   index = index + 1

end0 = time.time()

print end0-start


e = array.array("f")


for av, bv, cv, dv in zip(a, b, c, d):
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)

end1 = time.time()

print end1-end0

e = array.array("f")

## just for a laugh my own zip function
## the joke is it runs faster than built in zip ??

def myzip(*args):
    index = 0
    for elem in args[0]:
        zipper = []
        for arg in args:
            zipper.append(arg[index])
        index = index +1
        yield zipper




for av, bv, cv, dv in myzip(a, b, c, d):
   avbv = (av-bv) * (av - bv)
   diff = cv - dv
   e.append(diff - avbv)

end2 = time.time()

print end2-end1



timings from  4 million element input array

slice:
8.77999997139

zip():
36.5759999752

myzip():
12.1449999809



From ddvlad at gmail.com  Tue Jul 18 06:55:42 2006
From: ddvlad at gmail.com (Vlad Dogaru)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 03:55:42 -0700
Subject: Getting and Setting Cookies
Message-ID: <1153220141.957314.26580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Hello,

I am trying to use cookies and Python to create a simple login example.
But I am very disoriented at the existence of two cookie libraries,
namely Cookie and cookielib. I have seen examples of setting cookies
(although I am still not sure about timestamps and cookie lifespan),
but no reference to getting the currently set cookies. For instance, I
want to see if there is any 'user' value, to check whether the user has
logged in. Please, enlighten me.

Thanks in advance,
Vlad



From max at alcyone.com  Thu Jul 13 20:03:16 2006
From: max at alcyone.com (Erik Max Francis)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 17:03:16 -0700
Subject: String handling and the percent operator
In-Reply-To: <4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>
References: <28jdb2h32gegj2iegvucng4pdvhcjq4kgn@4ax.com>
	<1152832351.277938.104610@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<4jldb2pbmo2s76ltmqdljpk9gj4pbph8a2@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <poudnVvPhYLbQivZnZ2dnUVZ_oydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>

Tom Plunket wrote:

> For enrichment purposes, is there a way to do this sort of thing with
> a generator?  E.g. something like:
> 
> def SentenceGenerator():
>    words = ['I', 'have', 'been', 'to', 'the', 'fair']
>    for w in words: 
>       yield w
> 
> message = "%s %s %s %s"
> 
> print message % SentenceGenerator()
> 
> (I ask because the above doesn't work)?

Use tuple(SentenceGenerator()).  A generator is just another object, so 
using it with the % operator tries to substitute it at one value.  (Even 
with this fix, though, your message didn't have enough formatters.)

-- 
Erik Max Francis && max at alcyone.com && http://www.alcyone.com/max/
  San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
   Human salvation lies in the hands of the creatively maladjusted.
    -- Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.


From iainking at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 05:49:03 2006
From: iainking at gmail.com (Iain King)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 02:49:03 -0700
Subject: question about what lamda does
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8321.1153293611.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153182175.580893.59960@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153238701.886118.114990@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8321.1153293611.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153302543.595740.144420@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


Steve Holden wrote:
> tac-tics wrote:
> > nephish at xit.net wrote:
> >
> >>Hey there,
> >>i have been learning python for the past few months, but i can seem to
> >>get what exactly a lamda is for. What would i use a lamda for that i
> >>could not or would not use a def for ? Is there a notable difference ?
> >>I only ask because i see it in code samples on the internet and in
> >>books.
> >
> >
> > Lambda is just as powerful as a function, but totally useless =-P
> >
> > Lambda used to be handy before the introduction of list comprehensions.
> > Now, though, there primary use is obfuscating your code.
> >
> I do wish you could hold yourself back and stop muddying the waters.
> Lambdas and list comprehensions have little or nothing to do with each
> other. Unless you know something I don't ...
>

I think he meant that lambda's main use before was inside map and
filter;  as stated earlier in the thread, lambda's main use was for
passing simple functions as arguments, and of these map and filter must
have made up a majority (and then I'd guess TKinter would be next).
List comprehensions replace map and filter, so...

I wouldn't put it as explosively as he has, but I find a lambda less
clear than a def too.

Iain


> regards
>   Steve



> --
> Steve Holden       +44 150 684 7255  +1 800 494 3119
> Holden Web LLC/Ltd          http://www.holdenweb.com
> Skype: holdenweb       http://holdenweb.blogspot.com
> Recent Ramblings     http://del.icio.us/steve.holden



From jjlee at reportlab.com  Mon Jul 10 18:13:38 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 22:13:38 GMT
Subject: Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a newbie?
References: <1152553041.625268.59350@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <871wstglbg.fsf@reportlab.com>

"TY" <ty.2006 at yahoo.com> writes:

> Can someone point me to a Howto or Tutorial for tokenize module for a
> newbie?  I read the documentation but it doesn't have a lot of info...

Here's a simple example:

http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/msg/e84e36ad10d78303


John


From bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com  Fri Jul 28 17:33:59 2006
From: bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com (bryanjugglercryptographer at yahoo.com)
Date: 28 Jul 2006 14:33:59 -0700
Subject: Threads vs Processes
In-Reply-To: <1154117275.656707.311290@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <mailman.8578.1153936493.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<pan.2006.07.26.18.03.57.203831@hotmail.com>
	<1154117275.656707.311290@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1154122439.593321.95290@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


sturlamolden wrote:
> A noteable exception is a toy OS from a manufacturer in Redmond,
> Washington. It does not do COW fork. It does not even fork.
>
> To make a server system scale well on Windows you need to use threads,
> not processes.

Here's one to think about: if you have a bunch of threads running,
and you fork, should the child process be born running all the
threads? Neither answer is very attractive. It's a matter of which
will probably do the least damage in most cases (and the answer
the popular threading systems choose is 'no'; the child process
runs only the thread that called fork).

MS-Windows is more thread-oriented than *nix, and it avoids this
particular problem by not using fork() to create new processes.

> That is why the global interpreter lock sucks so badly
> on Windows.

It sucks about he same on Windows and *nix: hardly at all on
single-processors, moderately on multi-processors.


-- 
--Bryan



From ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com  Wed Jul 26 17:33:52 2006
From: ptmcg at austin.rr._bogus_.com (Paul McGuire)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:33:52 GMT
Subject: splitting words with brackets
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<n0Rxg.10917$Cn6.9245@tornado.texas.rr.com>
Message-ID: <4dRxg.10935$Cn6.8303@tornado.texas.rr.com>

Ah, I had just made the same change!


from pyparsing import *

wrd = Word(alphas)
parenList = "(" + SkipTo(")") + ")"
brackList = "[" + SkipTo("]") + "]"
listExpr = ZeroOrMore( Combine( OneOrMore( parenList | brackList | wrd ) ) )

t = "a (b c) d [e f g] h i(j k) l [m n o]p q r[s] (t u)v(w) (x)(y)z"
print listExpr.parseString(t)


Gives:
['a', '(b c)', 'd', '[e f g]', 'h', 'i(j k)', 'l', '[m n o]p', 'q', 'r[s]',
'(t u)v(w)', '(x)(y)z']





From tjreedy at udel.edu  Wed Jul 19 12:33:26 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:33:26 -0400
Subject: Augument assignment versus regular assignment
References: <1152328454.430620.59050@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com><1152424924.533353.323280@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com><mailman.7940.1152435652.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb48qm.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><12b4i7c75nits85@corp.supernews.com><slrneb4l7c.rg3.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.7985.1152549328.27775.python-list@python.org><slrneb6v0e.394.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2sll8kvg3.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><slrneb9e6v.8ci.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><m2irm0vwcv.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl><1qjgn02irny5u$.1gs9bilqz97gv$.dlg@40tude.net><mailman.8194.1152935218.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebmhkp.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><e9gi7f$4cn$1@sea.gmane.org><mailman.8263.1153165006.27775.python-list@python.org><slrnebpb99.tg1.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be><mailman.8306.1153248693.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnebs290.ivs.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <e9lmsn$tmu$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Antoon Pardon" <apardon at forel.vub.ac.be> wrote in message 
news:slrnebs290.ivs.apardon at rcpc42.vub.ac.be...
>> Try some personal introspection.  When you act as a Python interpreter,
>> what do you do?
>
> I do the evaluation of the target in the __setitem__ method
> (or the STORE_SUBSCR opcode).

I meant mentally, in your mind ;-)

>
> Let as look what the compilor makes of it:
> [blank lines added for clarity]
>
>>>> dis(compile("col['t'] = exp", '', 'single'))
>
>  1           0 LOAD_NAME                0 (exp)
>              3 LOAD_NAME                1 (col)
>              6 LOAD_CONST               0 ('t')
>
>              9 STORE_SUBSCR
>
> The bytecodes at 0, 3 and 6 don't do any evaluation, they
> just put things on the stack.
>
> So what does the STORE_SUBSCR at location 9 do (or __setitem__)?
>
> Well it will first do a number of preparations, like searching
> for a bucket in a dictionary or a node in a tree or list, may
> be even create one if a suitable wasn't available. And after
> that is done, the object will be somehow attached.
>
> So IMV those preparation before the attachment, belong to
> whatever the interpreter does before it actually attaches
> an object to a name/slot.
>
> So the evaluation of the target is part of what is done by
> STORE_SUBSCR or __setitem__.
>
> Now you can object to the fact that I have divided the work
> within an opcode.

But I won't.  The amount of duplication that can be factored out with 
augmented assignment depends on the granularity of operations.  And the 
granularity of operations depends on the interpreter.  Hence my claim that 
the details are necessarily interpreter dependent.

Terry Jan Reedy





From antroy at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 09:45:08 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 06:45:08 -0700
Subject: Abuse of the object-nature of functions?
Message-ID: <1152625508.056628.188690@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi all,

In a framework I've written to test out website, I use something like
the following to add functionality at various points:

#-----------------------------------
def do_work(callable, data):
    assertion = False
    try:
        assertion = callable.is_assertion
    except:
        pass

    out = callable(data)

    if assertion:
        print "Test " % ("Failed", "Suceeded")[out]

    return out

def get_assn(fn):
    def wrapper(*args, **kw):
        return fn(*args, **kw)
    out = wrapper
    out.is_assertion = True
    return out

def funct(data):
    return True

x = funct
y = get_assn(funct)

do_work(x, data)
do_work(y, data)

#-----------------------------------

The idea is that I can mark some functions as being assertions, and use
the same function for applying the callable to the data and optionally
printing some information. This way I needn't worry whether the
callable is a custom object or a simple function.

The question is, is this a reasonable thing to do? It works, but is it
considered bad practice to add attributes to functions? And are there
any dangers?



From rpare at lacaisse.com  Mon Jul 31 12:08:10 2006
From: rpare at lacaisse.com (=?iso-8859-1?Q?Par=E9=2C_Richard?=)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 12:08:10 -0400
Subject: Questions
Message-ID: <B0485B617CDBE44CBCCE57575A7DC023A47BE7@PRDEXCMSG01.lacaisse.com>

Hi,
 
I find Python very interesting and useful as a developing matrix and other mathematical applications. I went through the tutorial to try to understand and work with various concepts. I have the following questions:
 

*	Where could I find more information on the "self" classes. The use of the (self) is very abstract for me and I need more clarifications. 
*	Do you already have a built-in program or scheme for a linear regression that I could try on data coming from the Bloomberg system sources. Or could you give me a little indication how to build it. I will do the rest. I found something on the regression (test. (x)) on the existing module, but that wasn't appropriate. If you need an example of the formula for the mathematical regression, let me know.

Many thanks in advance,
 
Richard
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From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Tue Jul 18 02:43:58 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 08:43:58 +0200
Subject: unicode html
In-Reply-To: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153139790.525528.273910@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bc832f$0$26273$9b4e6d93@newsread2.arcor-online.net>

lorenzo.viscanti at gmail.com wrote:
> Hi, I've found lots of material on the net about unicode html
> conversions, but still i'm having many problems converting unicode
> characters to html entities. Is there any available function to solve
> this issue?
> As an example I would like to do this kind of conversion:
> \uc3B4 => &ocirc;
> for all available html entities.

I don't know how you generate your HTML, but ElementTree and lxml both have
good HTML parsers, so that you can let them write out the result with an
"US-ASCII" encoding and they will generate numeric entities for everything
that's not ASCII.

    >>> from lxml import etree
    >>> root = etree.HTML(my_html_data)
    >>> html_7_bit = etree.tostring(root, "us-ascii")

Stefan


From michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it  Fri Jul 14 09:06:06 2006
From: michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it (Michele Petrazzo)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 13:06:06 GMT
Subject: look for a module without import it
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8160.1152880457.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1YLtg.39843$_J1.477688@twister2.libero.it>
	<mailman.8160.1152880457.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <2FMtg.39920$_J1.478293@twister2.libero.it>

Fredrik Lundh wrote:
>> more module.py
> print "I'M MODULE!"
> 
>> python
>>>> import imp imp.find_module("os")

It was!

Michele


From fredrik at pythonware.com  Tue Jul 11 04:28:52 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 10:28:52 +0200
Subject: Restricted Access
References: <1152563021.127542.3160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.7997.1152567139.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152568565.170494.159720@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8vng3$9ff$1@sea.gmane.org>

"iapain" wrote:

> No, I cant change permission or delete the module, the best would be
> something to detect 'import os' in user code ..

trust me, implementing a restricted execution model for Python that actually
works is a *lot* harder than that.

googling for "python restricted execution" might give you some clues.

</F> 





From rogue_pedro at yahoo.com  Tue Jul 18 13:05:30 2006
From: rogue_pedro at yahoo.com (Simon Forman)
Date: 18 Jul 2006 10:05:30 -0700
Subject: range() is not the best way to check range?
In-Reply-To: <slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
References: <1153190471.753499.40630@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<12bonuhgbvfd16f@corp.supernews.com>
	<slrnebp706.ejl.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>
Message-ID: <1153242330.909871.24000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Nick Craig-Wood wrote:
>
> Sets are pretty fast too, and have the advantage of flexibility in
> that you can put any numbers in you like
>

I know this is self-evident to most of the people reading this, but I
thought it worth pointing out that this is a great way to test
membership in range(lo, hi, step) without doing "the necessary
algebra".

i.e.  n in set(xrange(0, 10000, 23)) ...


Peace,
~Simon



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Wed Jul 19 09:53:25 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:53:25 +0200
Subject: Coding style
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
	<1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca1bc$0$7488$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<44be0387_3@news.bluewin.ch>
	<pan.2006.07.19.10.44.27.181870@gmx.net>
	<44be15b1_4@news.bluewin.ch>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.19.13.53.24.973604@gmx.net>

In <44be15b1_4 at news.bluewin.ch>, Boris Borcic wrote:

>> And I don't find `list(False)` to return an empty list be very obvious.
> 
> What would be your choice ?

``list()`` or ``[]`` for empty lists and a `TypeError` for
``list(False)``. Just like it is right now.

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From john at castleamber.com  Mon Jul 17 02:45:34 2006
From: john at castleamber.com (John Bokma)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 06:45:34 GMT
Subject: Cool Python Ebooks Site
References: <1153086563.903447.191770@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xns9802D223BB355castleamber@130.133.1.4>
	<vn3mb210n0fhcaspqi6r3m6v594v60allv@4ax.com>
Message-ID: <Xns980311E5BE4C1castleamber@130.133.1.4>

Dennis Lee Bieber <wlfraed at ix.netcom.com> wrote:

> On 17 Jul 2006 01:39:27 GMT, John Bokma <john at castleamber.com>
> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python:
> 
>> But everything to make a little AdSense money no? How would you like
>> it if everybody who read your message clicks 10 times on each ad?
> 
>      Why take the time... This is Python, is it not... Let's create a
> script that does the "clicking", one per second, and run it in the
> background... (86400 seconds per day... let it run for a while...)

Why use Python when one has wget :-D

-- 
John                               MexIT: http://johnbokma.com/mexit/
                           personal page:       http://johnbokma.com/
        Experienced programmer available:     http://castleamber.com/
            Happy Customers: http://castleamber.com/testimonials.html


From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Thu Jul 27 04:12:01 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 01:12:01 -0700
Subject: MySql
References: <1153982385.121336.41500@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986153.813580.291840@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1153986732.011325.80000@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153987921.656101.257560@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

mik... at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> John Machin wrote:
> > miker2 at optusnet.com.au wrote:
> > > HI,
> > >
> > > I'm having trouble writing to a MySql db using python and the MySQLdb
> > > module. Here is the code:
> > >
> > > import MySQLdb
> > > base = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="blah", passwd="blah",
> > > db="test_py")
> > > cursor = base.cursor()
> > > cursor.execute("INSERT INTO table (field) VALUES (int)")
> >
> > I've never used MySQL but they're all much the same --
> > "table" is a reserved word. What is "int" supposed to be? That's not
> > valid SQL AFAIK. Is that exactly what you typed? Or are you coyly
> > obfuscating?
> >
> > Try this:
> >     cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (42)")
> > or better,
> >     somevar = 42
> >     cursor.execute("INSERT INTO tablename (fieldname) VALUES (?)",
> > (somevar,))
> > even better, read the docs and look at the examples :-)
> >
> >
> > >
> > > this does not work
> >
> > ... and the error message was ... what? If it's not a state secret, how
> > about divulging it?
> >
> >
> > > but the interesting thing is, there is an
> > > AUTO_INCREMENT
> > > field. Now say i had a couple of entries in there already:
> > >                                    auto  table
> > >                                     1    |    90
> > >                                     2    |    32
> > >
> > > and then i run my py script 3 times, the data is not entered but if i
> > > add
> > > another entry from mysql the auto increment field will have counted the
> > >
> > > python entries:
> > >                        auto    table
> > >                          1    |    90
> > >                          2    |    32
> > >                          6    |    47
> >
> > Evidently it's committed the auto increment before it decides that it
> > doesn't like your SQL or whatever. Read the warranty card that came
> > with the autoincrementer gizmoid; you won't find "continuous" or "no
> > gaps" mentioned anywhere.
> >
> > > please tell me what i am doing wrong.
> >
> > Inter alia, not giving enough clear unambiguous info about what your
> > problem really is.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > John
>
>
> sorry guys...
>
> forget about the auto incrementer for a second.
>
> the entry is not being recorded. that is my problem. the script does
> not work. thanks.

OK we've forgotten about the auto incrementer.

Now tell us what "does not work" means.
Show us an actual suitably-cut down script that "does not work".
If you get an error message, tell us what the error message was.
If you didn't get an error message, bloody well tell us that you
didn't.

BTW, if the script doesn't contain

    base.commit()

somewhere, take yourself out to the back lane and give yourself a good
thumping :-)
Then come back in and read the docs about transactions and commit and
autocommit etc.

HTH,
John



From jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au  Wed Jul 19 23:10:25 2006
From: jmcmonagle at velseis.com.au (John McMonagle)
Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 13:10:25 +1000
Subject: Tkinter focus_set use with grid
In-Reply-To: <FeCvg.132816$dW3.6147@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>
References: <FeCvg.132816$dW3.6147@newssvr21.news.prodigy.com>
Message-ID: <1153365026.16232.17.camel@kuepper.vels-int.com.au>

On Thu, 2006-07-20 at 02:53 +0000, Stan Cook wrote:
> A newbie to Tkinter here. . . . . .
> 
> I'm trying to set the focus on an Entry textbox with 
> focus_set.  I am using the grid manager.  I created the same 
> interface before using the  pack() method and the focus_set 
> worked, but now it says
> 
> "AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'focus_set'"
> 
> Below is the section of the code:
> 
> #	CREATES THE GUI FOR DCN INPUT
> def get_dcn():
> 	master = Tk()
> 	_dcn = StringVar()
> 	label1 = Label(text="Enter DCN:",width=10).grid(row=0)
> 	txtbox = Entry(relief=SUNKEN, width=20, takefocus=1, 
> textvariable=_dcn).grid(row=0, column=1)
> 	txtbox.focus_set()
> 	btnOK= 
> Button(text="OK",command=assign_dcn(_dcn)).grid(row=1, column=0)
> 	btnCancel = Button(text="Cancel", 
> command=killer).grid(row=1, column=1)
> 	master.mainloop()
> 	return
> 
> Does anyone know where I went wrong?


Yes.  You set txtbox to be the return result of Entry(...).grid(...)
which is None.

What you want to do is is set txtbox to a tkinter instance:


def get_dcn():
        master = Tk()
        _dcn = StringVar()
        label1 = Label(text="Enter DCN:",width=10)
	label1.grid(row=0)
        txtbox = Entry(relief=SUNKEN, 
                       width=20,
                       takefocus=1,
                       textvariable=_dcn)
	txtbox.grid(row=0, column=1)
        txtbox.focus_set()
        btnOK= Button(text="OK",command=assign_dcn(_dcn))
        btnOK.grid(row=1, column=0)
        btnCancel = Button(text="Cancel", command=killer)
        btnCancel.grid(row=1, column=1)
        master.mainloop()
        return

Regards,

John



-- 
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.



From onurb at xiludom.gro  Mon Jul 31 14:24:05 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 20:24:05 +0200
Subject: Nested function scope problem
In-Reply-To: <slrnecsgpj.h0l.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
References: <9eabc2t5kj3o7bor1g10ioqbfo2o9drhgl@4ax.com>
	<ea4ftg$g4m$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8523.1153834254.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<44c6444c$0$30849$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153965046.805129.44350@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c8b4a9$0$6740$636a55ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechicn.iu.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8d59a$0$31797$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrnechoqg.qq.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<44c8eb5e$0$21632$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<slrneci0b1.14s.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mq4jc2topbu781vcdtaeog4it914r8hr57@4ax.com>
	<slrnecklc4.5a7.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8675.1154112875.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecn499.98c.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8703.1154198214.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpavl.c6f.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8711.1154269113.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecpl1e.cqh.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
	<mailman.8712.1154288014.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<slrnecsgpj.h0l.apardon@rcpc42.vub.ac.be>
Message-ID: <44ce4ac6$0$8239$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Antoon Pardon wrote:
(snip)
> Sure it is usefull. It may be not 100% formally correct, but often
> things that are not 100% formally correct can be better in bringing
> an idea accross.

hear hear...

And yet you still fail to understand why I claimed Python didn't have
variables ? Talk about stubborness :(

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From viktough at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 08:47:18 2006
From: viktough at gmail.com (viktough)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 05:47:18 -0700
Subject: problem in Trying to include new address family in socketmodule.c
Message-ID: <1153313237.884534.31630@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

i am trying to include a new Address family (PF_CAN) in the extension
module of socket - socketmodule.c... At first i am just trying to
create a socket. When I use
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM), a socket is
created at a address
but
s=socket.socket(socket.PF_CAN, socket.SOCK_RAW), it gives an errror (
97: Address family not supported")
The PF_CAN is a family from the CAN family and the test cases made in C
language are currently working fine. like the statement works
absolutely fine -->
s = socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW))
But I would like to design test cases with Python.
What are the changes required to add this address family also in the
socket extension module ??

Regards

Vikas



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Thu Jul  6 08:13:51 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 14:13:51 +0200
Subject: searching for strings (in a tuple) in a string
References: <1152186335.189253.267670@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com><mailman.7854.1152187209.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1152187477.861072.33800@s26g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e8iupv$cg6$1@sea.gmane.org>

"manstey" <manstey at csu.edu.au> wrote:

>I know I can do it this way. I wanted to know if there was another way.

if you don't want to write Python programs, why are you using Python ?

</F> 





From piet at cs.uu.nl  Wed Jul 12 05:55:33 2006
From: piet at cs.uu.nl (Piet van Oostrum)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 11:55:33 +0200
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
References: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<12b8fao7tovnuea@corp.supernews.com>
Message-ID: <m2veq3jgfe.fsf@ordesa.cs.uu.nl>

>>>>> Grant Edwards <grante at visi.com> (GE) wrote:

>GE> The low 32 bits match, so perhaps you should just use that
>GE> portion of the returned hash?

If the hashed should be unique, 32 bits is much too low if you have
millions of entries.
-- 
Piet van Oostrum <piet at cs.uu.nl>
URL: http://www.cs.uu.nl/~piet [PGP 8DAE142BE17999C4]
Private email: piet at vanoostrum.org


From roger.miller at nova-sol.com  Wed Jul 19 19:27:38 2006
From: roger.miller at nova-sol.com (Roger Miller)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 16:27:38 -0700
Subject: wxPython: wxStaticBitmap and large images
Message-ID: <1153351658.543245.289830@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

I have a WxPython app that displays images that are typically around
600x600 pixels. I use a wxStaticBitmap, which appears to work fine on
Windows XP. However the documentation states that a StaticBitmap "...
is meant for display of the small icons in the dialog boxes and is not
meant to be a general purpose image display control. In particular,
under Windows 9x the size of bitmap is limited to 64*64 pixels and thus
you should use your own control if you want to display larger images
portably".

Assuming that I don't care about Windows 9X, should I be worried? Is
there a better way to display images, hopefully without diving down
into the device context level?



From tactics40 at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 20:42:19 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 17:42:19 -0700
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8251.1153152574.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153153716.998429.235420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44bbc703$1@usenet01.boi.hp.com>
Message-ID: <1153183339.548369.314450@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>


dwelch91 wrote:
> tac-tics wrote:
> >
> > I'd say the second one. Empty lists are not false. They are empty. Long
> > live dedicated boolean data types.
> >
> Uh, no, empty lists are False in a boolean context:
>
> http://docs.python.org/lib/truth.html
>
> -Don

Perhaps I should have specified it like this:

>>> empty_list = []
>>> empty_list is not False
True

I'm well aware that both of these snippets does the same thing. I'm
just spouting my opinion that lists and integers are not tests, and in
an ideal world (Java??? X-) if statements support only boolean types.

DISCLAIMER: I do not promote the use of Java.



From Bulkan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 00:01:34 2006
From: Bulkan at gmail.com (placid)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 21:01:34 -0700
Subject: 3d simulation
In-Reply-To: <nKSdnXtZvoVXhi7ZnZ2dnUVZ_uydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
References: <1152578258.757383.227400@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152579031.995643.307060@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<1152581752.397902.134180@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<nKSdnXtZvoVXhi7ZnZ2dnUVZ_uydnZ2d@speakeasy.net>
Message-ID: <1152590494.374575.33760@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


Erik Max Francis wrote:
> alimoe wrote:
>
> >> Genetic Programming or Genetic Algorithms?
> >
> > whats the difference?
>
> Genetic algorithms usually involve the manipulation of bit strings.

Where bit strings is the the "dna" and each bit in the string
represents some value



From fredrik at pythonware.com  Fri Jul  7 13:57:02 2006
From: fredrik at pythonware.com (Fredrik Lundh)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 19:57:02 +0200
Subject: eval to dict problems NEWB going crazy !
In-Reply-To: <pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
References: <1152182072.642852.289130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.07.14.52.31.757275@REMOVETHIScyber.com.au>
Message-ID: <e8m79b$g16$1@sea.gmane.org>

Steven D'Aprano wrote:

> Personally, I would never use eval on any string I didn't write myself. If
> I was thinking about evaluating a user-string, I would always write a
> function to parse the string and accept only the specific sort of data I
> expected. In your case, a quick-and-dirty untested function might be:

for a more robust approach, you can use Python's tokenizer module, 
together with the iterator-based approach described here:

     http://online.effbot.org/2005_11_01_archive.htm#simple-parser-1

here's a (tested!) variant that handles lists and dictionaries as well:

     import cStringIO, tokenize

     def sequence(next, token, end):
	out = []
	token = next()
	while token[1] != end:
	    out.append(atom(next, token))
	    token = next()
	    if token[1] == "," or token[1] == ":":
		token = next()
	return out

     def atom(next, token):
	if token[1] == "(":
	    return tuple(sequence(next, token, ")"))
	elif token[1] == "[":
	    return sequence(next, token, "]")
	elif token[1] == "{":
	    seq = sequence(next, token, "}")
	    res = {}
	    for i in range(0, len(seq), 2):
		res[seq[i]] = seq[i+1]
	    return res
	elif token[0] in (tokenize.STRING, tokenize.NUMBER):
	    return eval(token[1]) # safe use of eval!
	raise SyntaxError("malformed expression (%s)" % token[1])

     def simple_eval(source):
	src = cStringIO.StringIO(source).readline
	src = tokenize.generate_tokens(src)
	src = (token for token in src if token[0] is not tokenize.NL)
	res = atom(src.next, src.next())
	if src.next()[0] is not tokenize.ENDMARKER:
	    raise SyntaxError("bogus data after expression")
	return res

(now waiting for paul to post the obligatory pyparsing example).

</F>



From tdelaney at avaya.com  Mon Jul  3 18:40:49 2006
From: tdelaney at avaya.com (Delaney, Timothy (Tim))
Date: Tue, 4 Jul 2006 08:40:49 +1000
Subject: Dictionary .keys() and .values() should return a
	set[withPython3000 in mind]
Message-ID: <2773CAC687FD5F4689F526998C7E4E5FF1E7CA@au3010avexu1.global.avaya.com>

Scott David Daniels wrote:

> Delaney, Timothy (Tim) wrote:
>> Plus copy-on-write isn't something you want in general - it's *much*
>> slower since it needs to copy the internal data every time it's
>> modified. The vast majority of uses of data structures does not
>> involve concurrent modification.
> 
> But copy-on-write in the presence of reference counts doesn't do the
> mad useless-copy stuff.

Good point - if there's only one reference, there's no need for copying
- this is definitely something that could be taken advantage of.

Tim Delaney


From kpdere at derenet.us  Mon Jul 24 16:59:21 2006
From: kpdere at derenet.us (Ken Dere)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 16:59:21 -0400
Subject: installing numpy:  problems with lapack, blas etc
Message-ID: <88362$44c534af$477ea507$5955@news.flashnewsgroups.com>

I am trying to install numpy-0.9.8 prior to installing scipy (0.4.9) on a
machine running Suse 10.0 with Python 2.4

I am able to get numpy installed to the point when I import it I can do the
following:


numpy.show_config()
atlas_threads_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

blas_opt_info:
    libraries = ['f77blas', 'cblas', 'atlas']
    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/atlas']
    define_macros = [('ATLAS_INFO', '"\\"3.6.0\\""')]
    language = c

atlas_blas_threads_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

lapack_opt_info:
    libraries = ['lapack', 'f77blas', 'cblas', 'atlas']
    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/atlas']
    define_macros = [('ATLAS_INFO', '"\\"3.6.0\\""')]
    language = c

atlas_info:
    libraries = ['lapack', 'f77blas', 'cblas', 'atlas']
    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/atlas']
    language = c

lapack_mkl_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

blas_mkl_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

atlas_blas_info:
    libraries = ['f77blas', 'cblas', 'atlas']
    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/atlas']
    language = c

mkl_info:
  NOT AVAILABLE

It is clear that I have much but not all that is needed.  I have already
downloaded lapack and compiled the blas and lapack libraries and put them
in /usr/lib/atlas and defined BLAS and LAPACK so I am not sure what I have
missed.

Thanks

Ken D.


From simon at brunningonline.net  Thu Jul 13 08:35:03 2006
From: simon at brunningonline.net (Simon Brunning)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 13:35:03 +0100
Subject: Accessors in Python (getters and setters)
In-Reply-To: <1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152533987.503050.160980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<4hevohF1reiqiU1@uni-berlin.de>
	<1152535862.227687.255860@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <8c7f10c60607130535v421c6abcq9dd9094d47059946@mail.gmail.com>

On 10 Jul 2006 05:51:02 -0700, mystilleef <mystilleef at gmail.com> wrote:
> I decided to change the name of an attribute. Problem is I've used the
> attribute in several places spanning thousands of lines of code. If I
> had encapsulated the attribute via an accessor, I wouldn't need to do
> an unreliable and tedious search and replace accross several source
> code files to achieve my goal. I could simply change the name of the
> attribute and move on. Well, I'm glad python has properties. It's a
> feature that should be advertised more, especially for large scale
> python development.

Something like this any use to you?

from warnings import warn
import sys

class MyClass(object):

    def _get_bad_name(self):
        caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code
        warn("bad_name deprecated, but is referred to in function %s
(line %s in module %s). Please refer to good_name" % (caller.co_name,
caller.co_firstlineno, caller.co_filename))
        return self.good_name

    def _set_bad_name(self, bad_name):
        caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code
        warn("bad_name deprecated, but is referred to in function %s
(line %s in module %s). Please refer to good_name" % (caller.co_name,
caller.co_firstlineno, caller.co_filename))
        self.good_name = bad_name

    def _del_bad_name(self):
        caller = sys._getframe(1).f_code
        warn("bad_name deprecated, but is referred to in function %s
(line %s in module %s). Please refer to good_name" % (caller.co_name,
caller.co_firstlineno, caller.co_filename))
        del self.good_name

    bad_name = property(_get_bad_name, _set_bad_name, _del_bad_name,
"bad_name deprecated, please refer to good_name")

def test():
    my_object = MyClass()
    my_object.bad_name = "This should issue a warning"
    print my_object.bad_name  # This too
    print my_object.good_name  # But this should be fine

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test()

-- 
Cheers,
Simon B,
simon at brunningonline.net,
http://www.brunningonline.net/simon/blog/


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 18 11:04:46 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 18 Jul 2006 17:04:46 +0200
Subject: Coding style
In-Reply-To: <1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153151794.899753.97810@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153168968.995422.198360@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Q8OdnfqZn6udnSHZnZ2dnUVZ_vOdnZ2d@nmt.edu>
	<1153175690.052746.241850@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153190671.644412.59700@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1153198384.215473.42330@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bca888$0$13519$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153223630.194555.28220@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44bce4e5$0$1397$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153232735.118387.12130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44bcf890$0$23096$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Carl Banks wrote:
> Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
> 
>>Carl Banks wrote:
>>
>>>Iterables, lists, arrays, and whatever else have overlapping uses, but
>>>bool(obj) behaves differently for different types,
>>
>>bool(obj) will mainly look for __len__(), then for __nonzero__(), then
>>return True. You can only call len(obj) on objects implementing
>>__len__(), so relying on (implicit) 'bool(obj)' is clearly more generic
>>than 'len(obj) > 0'.  Also, since bool(obj) will try to call
>>obj.__len__(), explicitely calling len(obj) doesn't make any difference.
> 
> 
> I'm well aware of Python's semantics, and it's irrelvant to my
> argument.  What low level operations it does do not concern me.  I'm
> concerned about what equats to "truth".  For generators and such, it's
> "always". 

"generators and such" are not sequences.

> For lists, it's "empty".  For numpy arrays, there is no
> truth value.

Then treat numpy arrays as iterables (which they are), not as sequences.

> For the purpose of writing generic functions, this is inconsistent.

Not if you choose to design your function to work on iterables (which
means you don't use len() at all to test for emptiness).

> And, IMO, it's possible that the language would have been designed
> differently (by not letting them have any truth value) if they'd been
> around in the beginning.
> 
> 
> 
>>And if you want your own sequence types to be well-behaved sequence
>>types, just take time to implement the needed protocol(s), including
>>__len__().
> 
> 
> You know very well that not all iterables can know their length ahead
> of time.

Yes, but I was talking about *sequences*, not iterables.

> 
>>For short: either your function expects an iterable or it expects a
>>sequence. If it expects an iterable, treat it as an iterable wether it
>>happens to be a sequence or not.
> 
> 
> 1. This is fine in a perfect world where all code clearly conforms to
> expectation.  Problem is, a lot doesn't.  I think it's quite easy to
> accidentally check something intended as an iterable for emptiness.

Testing a random iterable for emptiness can not be done by testing it's
length.

> And, as I've explained in other posts, this can lead to subtle bugs.

If you clearly documents what your function expects (ie sequence or
iterable), then I don't see any subtleties involved...

> Whereas if you check for emptiness using len, it throws an exception
> right away, no bugs.  It's safer to use len.

It's safer to decide which protocol is expected, ie iterable or
sequence, and then write the code according to this expectation.

>  (Safest of all is not to
> check for emptiness at all.)

Unless you clearly expect a sequence and have to branch according to
it's state (ie empty/not empty).

> 2. This logic doesn't work for numpy arrays.  In a lot of cases, a
> function expecting a list works perfectly fine if you pass it a numpy
> arrray.  But, if you were to write such a function with "if lst"
> instead of "if len(lst)>0", it's guaranteed to fail.  The function is
> more generic with the len test.

If the function is to work with non-sequence types, write it so it can
work with non-sequence types.

>>>it's possible that these types wouldn't even have a boolean
>>>value and any tests for emptiness would have to be explicit.
>>
>>Yes ? How ? Calling len() on them ?-)
>>(hint: reread how len() and bool() works wrt/ __len__())
> 
> 
> Yes.  If the language had been designed such that a list had no
> nb_nonzero slot,

>>> [].__nonzero__
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute '__nonzero__'


> you'd have to check for emptiness with len.

bool(obj) *do* the test on __len__() if __nonzero__() is not implemented.

>  Perhaps
> you're missing some of the nuances of English verb tenses (don't feel
> too bad, it's hard).  I'm not arguing "what is", I'm arguing what
> "could have been if circumstances were different".  If the language
> were designed differently, then the rules would be different.

Totally true - and totally irrelevant IMHO.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From onurb at xiludom.gro  Tue Jul 25 03:18:08 2006
From: onurb at xiludom.gro (Bruno Desthuilliers)
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2006 09:18:08 +0200
Subject: Newbie Q: Class Privacy (or lack of)
In-Reply-To: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
References: <44C586A2.4D4BFFEE@rotten.apple.commie>
Message-ID: <44c5c5b2$0$29897$626a54ce@news.free.fr>

Steve Jobless wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I just started learning Python. I went through most of the tutorial at
> python.org. But I noticed something weird. I'm not talking about the
> __private hack.

Actually this is __ultra_private. For normal privacy, _private is enough !-)

> Let's say the class is defined as:
> 
>   class MyClass:
>     def __init__(self):
>       pass
>     def func(self):
>       return 123
> 
> But from the outside of the class my interpreter let me do:
> 
>   x = MyClass()
>   x.instance_var_not_defined_in_the_class = 456
> 
> or even:
> 
>   x.func = 789
> 
> After "x.func = 789", the function is totally shot.

Obviously. But why would you do such a stupid thing ?

OTOH, this let you customize func() for a given object or class. Which
can be very helpful sometimes.

> Are these bugs or features?

Features, definitively.

> If they are features, don't they create
> problems as the project gets larger?

My experience is that with medium/large projects, this feature can
actually help to solve a lot of problems in a much more simpler and
straightforward way than with most mainstream languages.

-- 
bruno desthuilliers
python -c "print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in 'onurb at xiludom.gro'.split('@')])"


From jjlee at reportlab.com  Wed Jul 19 17:22:06 2006
From: jjlee at reportlab.com (John J. Lee)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 21:22:06 GMT
Subject: Getting and Setting Cookies
References: <1153220141.957314.26580@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<87fygyzf75.fsf@reportlab.com>
	<1153301146.753200.5970@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <87wta9ffy9.fsf@reportlab.com>

"Vlad Dogaru" <ddvlad at gmail.com> writes:
[...]
> I am trying to write a simple login script. I understand (or rather I
> think I understand) how to set a cookie with the Cookie module. My
> problem is getting the cookies that are currently set. How can I do
> that?

You still haven't explicitly said that you're writing server-side
code.  If you are:

IIRC, you .load() it from the HTTP header value, then you use it as a
mapping (though, oddly, that seems undocumented, except in the
"Example" section of the docs).  A working CGI-based example (written
in a rather retro style for ease of deployment):

http://codespeak.net/svn/wwwsearch/ClientCookie/trunk/cookietest.cgi


If you want to iterate over all cookies using module Cookie (that
script does not), use .keys(), .values() or .items() on your
SimpleCookie instance (it's also a little odd that instances of class
SimpleCookie do not represent a single cookie, but a collection of
cookies).


John


From jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net  Thu Jul 27 06:45:31 2006
From: jeremy+complangpython at jeremysanders.net (Jeremy Sanders)
Date: Thu, 27 Jul 2006 11:45:31 +0100
Subject: Nested function scope problem
References: <1153526722.757378.144130@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<44c278d5$0$13474$636a55ce@news.free.fr>	<1153677213.718927.315780@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8433.1153683641.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153770716.448167.103980@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<ea39dj$7fv$1@sea.gmane.org>
	<mailman.8493.1153773456.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <eaa5gb$h9g$1@gemini.csx.cam.ac.uk>

Gerhard Fiedler wrote:

> Going back to the original question... What would be the most
> common/useful way to access variables from the outer function for writing
> from within the inner function?

I've done something like this (which doesn't look very nice)

def myfunc():

   tok = ['']

   def inner():
       tok[0] += 'hi'
       ...
       tok[0] = 'foo'

   inner()
   print tok[0]

-- 
Jeremy Sanders
http://www.jeremysanders.net/


From stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de  Wed Jul 19 06:00:58 2006
From: stefan.behnel-n05pAM at web.de (Stefan Behnel)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 12:00:58 +0200
Subject: New SourceForge project: Diet Python!!!
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8326.1153302490.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>	<1153301649.365221.307500@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8326.1153302490.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <44be02dc$0$10518$9b4e6d93@newsread4.arcor-online.net>

Simon Brunning wrote:
> On 19 Jul 2006 02:34:09 -0700, Simon Hibbs <simon.hibbs at gmail.com> wrote:
>> I was reading an article about the One Laptop Per Child initiative the
>> other day, and being a Python fan I wondered if there are any plans to
>> put Python on it, or at least make it available. A cut-down version of
>> python, preferably with bindings to the Sugar GUI framework they are
>> developing, would be a Very Good Thing.
> 
> Sounds like Sugar is built (partially) with Python.
> 
> <http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060524-6903.html>

Great Scott! I don't think this newsgroup can handle another 100 million newbies!

Stefan


From jo at durchholz.org  Thu Jul 13 06:55:25 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2006 12:55:25 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<fqftg.311080$8W1.234575@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<1152758668.738197.54170@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9593v$8g3$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> David Hopwood wrote:
>> This property is, after all, not something that the program should depend on.
>> It is determined by how good the static checker currently is, and we want to be
>> able to improve checkers (and perhaps even allow them to regress slightly in
>> order to simplify them) without changing programs.
> 
> Hmmm. I have heard that argument before and I'm conflicted.

I'd want several things.

A way for me to indicate what assertions must be proven statically.
Highlighting (be it compiler messages or flashing colors in an IDE) that 
marks assertions that *will* break.
And highlighting for assertions that *may* break.
In the language, a (possibly) simplicistic inference engine definition 
that gives me minimum guarantees about the things that it will be able 
to prove; if something is out of the reach of the engine, a 
straightforward way to add intermediate assertions until the inference 
succeeds.

(Plus diagnostics that tell me where the actual error may be, whether 
it's a bug in the code or an omission in the assertions. That's probably 
the hardest part of it all.)

Regards,
Jo


From jo at durchholz.org  Mon Jul 17 04:17:13 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 10:17:13 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>
	<1153070922.854289.270130@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9e64h$vsa$1@online.de>
	<1153091295.520674.287230@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9fhbf$vg2$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> Good point. Perhaps I should have said "relational algebra +
>>> variables with assignment." It is interesting to consider
>>> assignment vs. the more restricted update operators: insert,
>>> update, delete.
>> Actually I see it the other way round: assignment is strictly less
>> powerful than DML since it doesn't allow creating or destroying
>> variables, while UPDATE does cover assignment to fields.
> 
> Oh, my.
> 
> Well, for all table variables T, there exists some pair of
> values v and v', such that we can transition the value of
> T from v to v' via assignment, but not by any single
> insert, update or delete.

I fail to see an example that would support such a claim.

On the other hand, UPDATE can assign any value to any field of any 
record, so it's doing exactly what an assignment does. INSERT/DELETE can 
create resp. destroy records, which is what new and delete operators 
would do.

I must really be missing the point.

 > Further, it is my understanding
> that your claim of row identity *depends* on the restricted
> nature of DML; if the only mutator operation is assignment,
> then there is definitely no record identity.

Again, I fail to connect.

I and others have given aliasing examples that use just SELECT and UPDATE.

>> (However, it's usually new+assignment+delete vs. INSERT+UPDATE+DELETE,
>> at which point there is not much of a difference.)
> 
> I am not sure what this means. Delete can be expressed in
> terms of assignment. (As can insert and update.)

INSERT cannot be expressed in terms of assignment. INSERT creates a new 
record; there's no way that assignment in a language like C can create a 
new data structure!
The same goes for DELETE.

 > (Assignment can also be expressed in terms of insert and delete.)

Agreed.

I also realize that this makes it a bit more difficult to nail down the 
nature of identity in a database. It's certainly not storage location: 
if you DELETE a record and then INSERT it with the same values, it may 
be allocated somewhere entirely else, and our intuition would say it's 
not "the same" (i.e. not identical). (In a system with OID, it would 
even be impossible to recreate such a record, since it would have a 
different OID. I'm not sure whether this makes OID systems better or 
worse at preserving identity, but that's just a side track.)

Since intuition gives me ambivalent results here, I'll go back to my 
semiformal definition (and take the opportunity to make it a bit more 
precise):
Two path expressions (lvalues, ...) are aliases if and only if the 
referred-to values compare equal, and if they stay equal after applying 
any operation to the referred-to value through either of the path 
expressions.

In the context of SQL, this means that identity isn't the location where 
the data is stored. It's also not the values stored in the record - 
these may change, including key data. SQL record identity is local, it 
can be defined from one operation to the next, but there is no such 
thing as a global identity that one can memorize and look up years 
later, without looking at the intermediate states of the store.

It's a gross concept, now that I think about it. Well, or at least 
rather alien for us programmers, who are used to taking the address of a 
variable to get a tangible identity that will stay stable over time.

On the other hand, variable addresses as tangible identities don't hold 
much water anyway.
Imagine data that's written out to disk at program end, and read back 
in. Further imagine that while the data is read into main memory, 
there's a mechanism that redirects all further reads and writes to the 
file into the read-in copy in memory, i.e. whenever any program changes 
the data, all other programs see the change, too.
Alternatively, think about software agents that move from machine to 
machine, carrying their data with them. They might be communicating with 
each other, so they need some means of establishing identity 
("addressing") the memory buffers that they use for communication.

 > I don't know what "new" would be in a value-semantics, relational
> world.

It would be INSERT.

Um, my idea of "value semantics" is associated with immutable values. 
SQL with INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE certainly doesn't match that definition.

So by my definition, SQL doesn't have value semantics, by your 
definition, it would have value semantics but updates which are enough 
to create aliasing problems, so I'm not sure what point you're making 
here...

>> Filters are just like array indexing: both select a subset of variables
>> from a collection.
> 
> I can't agree with this wording. A filter produces a collection
> value from a collection value. I don't see how variables
> enter in to it.

A collection can consist of values or variables.

And yes, I do think that WHERE is a selection over a bunch of variables 
- you can update records after all, so they are variables! They don't 
have a name, at least none which is guaranteed to be constant over their 
lifetime, but they can be mutated!

 > One can filter either a collection constant or
> a collection variable; if one speaks of filtering a collection
> variable, on is really speaking of filtering the collection value
> that the variable currently contains; filtering is not an operation
> on the variable as such, the way the "address of" operator is.
> Note you can't update the result of a filter.

If that's your definition of a filter, then WHERE is not a filter, 
simple as that.

>> In SQL, you select a subset of a table, in a
>> programming language, you select a subset of an array.
>>
>> (The SQL selection mechanism is far more flexible in the kinds of
>> filtering you can apply, while array indexing allows filtering just by
>> ordinal position. However, the relevant point is that both select things
>> that can be updated.)
> 
> When you have been saying "select things that can be updated"
> I have been assuming you meant that one can derive values
> from variables, and that some other operation can update that
> variable, causing the expression, if re-evaluated, to produce
> a different value.

That's what I meant.

 > However the phrase also suggests that
> you mean that the *result* of the select can *itself* be
> updated.

The "that" in "things that can be updated" refers to the selected 
things. I'm not sure how this "that" could be interpreted to refer to 
the selection as a whole (is my understanding of English really that bad?)

 > Which one do you mean? (Or is there a third
> possibility?)

I couldn't tell - I wouldn't have thought that there are even two 
possibilities.

Regards,
Jo


From girodt at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 08:43:47 2006
From: girodt at gmail.com (TG)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 05:43:47 -0700
Subject: pasting numpy array into bigger array
In-Reply-To: <m3vepk4krj.fsf@calvin.watterson>
References: <1153907985.218661.28380@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<m3vepk4krj.fsf@calvin.watterson>
Message-ID: <1153917827.283860.154900@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Thanks, that's exactly what I needed.

Tim Heaney wrote:
> You can use Python slice notation for each dimension
> 
>   y[1:6,1:6] = x
>



From dpryan at gmail.com  Tue Jul 25 09:52:26 2006
From: dpryan at gmail.com (dpryan)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 06:52:26 -0700
Subject: Paste text across multiple text boxes
Message-ID: <1153835545.941975.183970@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

I've written a python program that analyzes some data. However, I would
like to make it easier to input data from the user. Currently, I have
nine text boxes arranged vertically, and the user types a number into
each of the boxes. This can be a little tedious, so I've envisioned a
way speed up the process.

I would like the user to be able to copy a vertical list of data (from
excel or notepad) and paste it into the first textbox on my program.
When they do this, I want each number to go into its respective box
(the first number into the first box, and so on). I'm using wx.TextCtrl
boxes, but haven't been able to find a way to do this.

Is there a way to intercept the pasted data so I can control how it
goes into my text boxes? Or is there another way to make this work?

Thanks!



From greg.kujawa at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 10:47:52 2006
From: greg.kujawa at gmail.com (gregarican)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 07:47:52 -0700
Subject: COM Makepy Question
References: <mailman.7897.1152281542.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152283672.096472.227840@s53g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Gotcha. That makes perfect sense looking at the container references
others made during my Googling adventures. Thanks!

Stefan Schukat wrote:
> It seems that the ocx only works in a GUI environment. Perhaps you could
> try to embed
> the ocx in a pythonwin dialog which you create invisible since the
> dialog is then
> a control container
>
> see "Python24\Lib\site-packages\pythonwin\pywin\Demos\ocx\ocxtest.py"
>
> 	Stefan
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: python-list-bounces+sschukat=dspace.de at python.org
> > [mailto:python-list-bounces+sschukat=dspace.de at python.org] On
> > Behalf Of gregarican
> > Sent: Friday, July 07, 2006 1:37 PM
> > To: python-list at python.org
> > Subject: COM Makepy Question
> >
> > Using Pythonwin's COM Makepy utility I created a COM wrapper
> > around an OCX file that's used to communicate with a
> > magstripe card reader. The wrapper was created without
> > incident and I can invoke any "get" type of method without a
> > problem. But whenever I attempt to invoke any of the "set"
> > type of methods I receive an error message that states:
> >
> > (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, 'ctlUSBHID', 'Client
> > Site not available', None, 1000398, -2146827890), None)
> >
> > Googling around I see that this error message indicates an
> > ActiveX control that's being referenced without residing
> > within a container.
> > Not sure if this is something that I can fix myself within
> > the Makepy COM wrapper or if I have to rely on the vendor
> > shipping an updated OCX file. I did see a Python discussion
> > thread where someone else ran into a similar problem and had
> > to wait for the vendor to ship a revised OCX file.
> >
> > Dolphin Smalltalk has a similar COM wrapper utility and the
> > same exact error occurs. The OCX file is ideally suited for
> > Visual Basic but I don't have that compilation environment
> > setup on my workstation to try out.
> >
> > Anyone familiar with such matters? I have contacted the
> > vendor to try to initiate things on that end. But if there's
> > something I can do to circumvent that route using Python I'd
> > give it a go.
> > 
> > --
> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
> >



From antroy at gmail.com  Mon Jul 10 07:54:39 2006
From: antroy at gmail.com (Ant)
Date: 10 Jul 2006 04:54:39 -0700
Subject: language design question
In-Reply-To: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
References: <1152465029_31209@sp6iad.superfeed.net>
Message-ID: <1152532479.765508.88270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


>    - why is len() not a member function of strings? Instead one says len(w).

Coming from a Java background, I also thought this a weird setup.
However IMHO there is another good reason to have len(obj) as we do in
Python: it helps to enforce some sort of uniformity across code.

If I want to find out the length of some object, then I know to try
len(obj). If it were merely convention that objects had a obj.len()
method, then some objects would be written to conform to this. As
things stand, it is common knowledge that len(obj) returns the length
of an object, and that the way to give you own objects the same
functionality is to give it a __len__() method.

The alternative of having a obj.len() function as a convention is less
compelling to use - if the users are reading your api, why not call the
method size() or magnitude() or just give it a length attribute, and
suddenly objects become less polymorphic as far as writing generic
functions is concerned.

Look at Java's Standard API for examples. An array has a length
attribute. A String has a length() method. Collections have a size()
method. Buffer objects have a capacity() method. One of Python's
strengths is that I can write a generic method:

 def printSize(obj): print "The size of this object is %d" % len(obj)

If we had a Java-like situation we'd have to test for different object
types before deciding on which method/attribute to call:

 def printSize(obj):
     len = None
     if type(obj) == str: len = obj.len()
     elif type(obj) == Buffer: len = obj.capacity()
     ...
     print "The size of this object is %d" % len

Just my view on the matter :-)



From __peter__ at web.de  Fri Jul 21 08:36:30 2006
From: __peter__ at web.de (Peter Otten)
Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2006 14:36:30 +0200
Subject: Since there was talk of if-then-else not being allowed in lambda
	expressions, the following is from "Dive into Python"
References: <u0j0c2tl7mchhcpadjkt2lh8tj42jklaq3@4ax.com>
	<e9pprf$e4e$02$2@news.t-online.com>
	<1153476279.521050.124990@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e9qg2g$uln$02$1@news.t-online.com>
	<44c0c500$0$23588$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <e9qhnp$5d9$03$1@news.t-online.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:

> But isn't allowed in a lambda !-)
 
Then tear out that lambada page, too, I was tempted to say, but I will
desist. For now...

Peter



From fy at kapsi.fi.rem.invalid  Thu Jul  6 19:54:10 2006
From: fy at kapsi.fi.rem.invalid (T Vantanen)
Date: Fri, 07 Jul 2006 02:54:10 +0300
Subject: Python password display
References: <1152193178.371860.221150@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.06.23.54.10.567493@kapsi.fi.rem.invalid>

On Thu, 06 Jul 2006 06:39:38 -0700, Johhny wrote:

> Hello,
> 
> I am currently writing some python code which requires the use of a
> password. Currently I am using the raw_input function to take the users
> input in and use it. One problem with that is the password is displayed
> in clear text on the console of the server. I would like to work on a
> way around that. Is there any built in method to do that or any
> how-to's around the Internet / Advice that I could research?
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Johhny.

http://docs.python.org/lib/module-getpass.html

Python 2.4.3 (#2, Apr 27 2006, 14:43:58)
[GCC 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import getpass
>>> pw = getpass.getpass()
Password:
>>> pw
'foopasss'

HTH :)


From schwehr at gmail.com  Thu Jul 27 08:05:31 2006
From: schwehr at gmail.com (schwehr at gmail.com)
Date: 27 Jul 2006 05:05:31 -0700
Subject: pysqlite2 fetching from select different than pysqlite?
Message-ID: <1154001931.357104.108960@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

I have some old pysqlite 1.x code that uses a pattern like this:

cu.execute('SELECT weight FROM weights WHERE samplename="foo")
row = cu.fetchone()
weight=row['weight']

It seems like lookups by name are no longer supported in pysqlite2.  Is
that true?  And if not, and I want to do a SELECT * FROM table and go
through name by name, how can I do this?

Hopefully this is not a FAQ somewhere that I've overlooked!

Thanks!
-kurt



From tjreedy at udel.edu  Wed Jul 12 15:03:55 2006
From: tjreedy at udel.edu (Terry Reedy)
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2006 15:03:55 -0400
Subject: scipy
References: <44b53993$0$854$edfadb0f@dread12.news.tele.dk>
Message-ID: <e93h2s$ukd$1@sea.gmane.org>


"Aage Andersen" <aaa at email.dk (REMOVE)> wrote in message 
news:44b53993$0$854$edfadb0f at dread12.news.tele.dk...
>I am exploring the modules scipy and linalg using python under Win XP and 
>IDLE.
[...]
> Comments welcome.

scipy questions are best discussed on the scipy list. 





From michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it  Fri Jul 14 08:18:05 2006
From: michele.petrazzo at TOGLIunipex.it (Michele Petrazzo)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 12:18:05 GMT
Subject: look for a module without import it
Message-ID: <1YLtg.39843$_J1.477688@twister2.libero.it>

Hi list,
I have to know if a module are present on the system, but I don't want
to import it. Only know if it is present.
I think that a loop on the site-packages directory can do the work, but
is there another solution?

Thanks,
Michele


From grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk  Wed Jul 26 12:18:41 2006
From: grflanagan at yahoo.co.uk (Gerard Flanagan)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 09:18:41 -0700
Subject: list problem
In-Reply-To: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153886273.925853.60520@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153930721.406207.134340@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>


placid wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I have two lists that contain strings in the form string + number for
> example
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
>
> the second list contains strings that are identical to the first list,
> so lets say the second list contains the following
>
> >>> list1 = [ ' XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX6']
>
> and now what ive been trying to do is find the first string that is
> available,
> i.e a string that is in neither of the two lists so the following code
> should only print XXX4 then return.
>
> for i in xrange(1,10):
>     numpart = str(1) + str("%04i" %i)
>     str = "XXX" + numpart
>
>       for list1_elm in list1:
>           if list1_elm == str:
>                break
>           else:
>                for list2_elm in list2:
>                    if list2_elm == str:
>                       break
>                    else:
>                       print str
>                       return
>
> Cheer

I don't know how close the following is to what you want ( or how
efficient etc...).  If both lists are the same up to a certain point,
then the first function should do, if not, try the second function.

Gerard

from itertools import izip, dropwhile

def get_first_missing1( seq1, seq2 ):
    i = int( seq1[0][-1] )
    for x1, x2 in izip( seq1, seq2 ):
        if int(x1[-1]) != i and int(x2[-1]) != i:
            return x1[:-1] + str(i)
        i += 1
    return -1

def get_first_missing2( seq1, seq2 ):
    i = int( seq1[0][-1] )
    j = int( seq2[0][-1] )
    if j < i:
        seq1, seq2 = seq2, seq1
        i, j = j, i
    return get_first_missing1( list(dropwhile(lambda s: int(s[-1]) < j,
seq1)), seq2 )

L1 = [ 'XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
L2 = [ 'YYY1', 'YYY2', 'YYY3', 'YYY6']

print get_first_missing1(L1, L2)
print get_first_missing2(L1, L2)
'XXX4'
'XXX4'

L1 = [ 'XXX1', 'XXX2', 'XXX3', 'XXX5']
L2 = [ 'YYY2', 'YYY3', 'YYY5', 'YYY6']

print get_first_missing1(L1, L2)
print get_first_missing2(L1, L2)
'XXX4'
'XXX4'



From nick at craig-wood.com  Wed Jul  5 03:30:03 2006
From: nick at craig-wood.com (Nick Craig-Wood)
Date: Wed, 05 Jul 2006 02:30:03 -0500
Subject: defining multi dimensional array
References: <08c701c69fe1$2e429010$0301a8c0@Mesa.com>
	<mailman.7792.1152069324.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <slrneamnis.2ap.nick@irishsea.home.craig-wood.com>

bruce <bedouglas at earthlink.net> wrote:
>  i need a multi dimensional array of lists...
> 
>   ie 
>    [q,a,d]
>    [q1,a1,d1]
>    [q2,a2,d2]
>    [q3,a3,d3]
> 
>  which would be a (3,4) array...

Multi-dimensional arrays aren't a built in feature of python.

You can simulate them two ways

1) with a list of lists

>>> a = [
...   [1,2,3],
...   [4,5,6],
...   [7,8,9],
...   [10,11,12]
... ]
>>> 
>>> print a[1][1]
5
>>> a[2][1] = 'hello'
>>> print a
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 'hello', 9], [10, 11, 12]]

2) using a hash

>>> a = {}
>>> i = 1
>>> for x in range(4):
...     for y in range(3):
...         a[x,y] = i
...         i = i + 1
... 
>>> print a[1,1]
5
>>> a[2,1] = 'hello'
>>> print a
{(3, 2): 12, (3, 1): 11, (1, 2): 6, (1, 1): 5, (3, 0): 10, (0, 2): 3, (1, 0): 4, (0, 0): 1, (0, 1): 2, (2, 0): 7, (2, 1): 'hello', (2, 2): 9}
>>> 

Option 1) is the normal way of doing it in python.  However
initialising a multidimensional array always trips over beginners.  Do
it like this, where 0 is the initial value.

>>> a = [ [ 0 for y in range(3)] for x in range(4) ]
>>> print a
[[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]

Once you've done that you can write

>>> a = [ [ 0 for y in range(3)] for x in range(4) ]
>>> i = 1
>>> for x in range(4):
...     for y in range(3):
...         a[x][y] = i
...         i = i + 1
... 
>>> print a[1][1]
5
>>> a[2][1] = 'hello'
>>> print a
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 'hello', 9], [10, 11, 12]]

Numeric/scipy/numpy/whatever-it-is-called-today supports
multidimensional arrays too I think and that may be more appropriate
if you are doing heavy numerical work.

-- 
Nick Craig-Wood <nick at craig-wood.com> -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick


From richie at entrian.com  Fri Jul 14 10:20:05 2006
From: richie at entrian.com (Richie Hindle)
Date: Fri, 14 Jul 2006 15:20:05 +0100
Subject: undefined SW_MAXIMIZE for ShowWindow function
In-Reply-To: <e988qq$3de$1@sea.gmane.org>
References: <1152885689.287443.237520@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e988mj$2qd$1@sea.gmane.org> <e988qq$3de$1@sea.gmane.org>
Message-ID: <ps9fb21nieinu64bmnskbca4taa3v9ga17@4ax.com>


[Fredrik]
> oops.  thought you were using ctypes, not the pythonwin extensions.

Even when I'm using ctypes I use win32con for the constants, unless
there's some special reason why I need the code to be independent of
pywin32.

-- 
Richie Hindle
richie at entrian.com


From hongqn at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 19:33:50 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 16:33:50 -0700
Subject: hash() yields different results for different platforms
Message-ID: <1152660830.918682.210940@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>

I'm writing a spider. I have millions of urls in a table (mysql) to
check if a url has already been fetched. To check fast, I am
considering to add a "hash" column in the table, make it a unique key,
and use the following sql statement:
  insert ignore into urls (url, hash) values (newurl, hash_of_newurl)
to add new url.

I believe this will be faster than making the "url" column unique key
and doing string comparation.  Right?

However, when I come to Python's builtin hash() function, I found it
produces different values in my two computers!  In a pentium4,
hash('a') -> -468864544; in a amd64, hash('a') -> 12416037344.  Does
hash function depend on machine's word length?

If it does, I must consider another hash algorithm because the spider
will run concurrently in several computers, some are 32-bit, some are
64-bit.  Is md5 a good choice? Will it be too slow that I have no
performance gain than using the "url" column directly as the unique
key?

I will do some benchmarking to find it out. But while making my hands
dirty, I would like to hear some advice from experts here. :)



From wollez at gmx.net  Wed Jul 26 09:58:55 2006
From: wollez at gmx.net (Wolfgang)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 15:58:55 +0200
Subject: subprocess problem on WinXP
Message-ID: <ea7sev$3in$1@sea.gmane.org>

Hi,

I want to compress all files (also in subfolder). The code is working 
more or less, but I get a black popup window (command line window) for 
every file to compress. How do I cave to change my system call that 
nothing pops up?

Wolfgang

import os
import subprocess

dir="g:\\messtech"

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir):
     for file in files:
         f=os.path.join(root,file)
         subprocess.Popen([r"bzip2",'', f],shell=False).wait()



From jo at durchholz.org  Sun Jul 16 05:00:58 2006
From: jo at durchholz.org (Joachim Durchholz)
Date: Sun, 16 Jul 2006 11:00:58 +0200
Subject: What is a type error?
In-Reply-To: <1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<e8t0ai$9ad$1@online.de>
	<1152542831.623833.25880@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
	<e8traj$p57$1@online.de>
	<1152597340.855103.153510@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<d8Qsg.14127$MF6.7513@tornado.socal.rr.com>
	<e92vqc$etv$1@online.de>
	<1152721450.433219.269270@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44B536EB.6020308@durchholz.org>
	<1152728150.911515.263640@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e93jb6$ll7$1@online.de>
	<1152757188.426777.216560@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<e9581q$6od$1@online.de>
	<1152805549.184625.117520@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<e97usd$ipd$1@online.de>
	<1152996978.533372.223000@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<e9bqvr$jt$1@online.de>
	<1153017376.379831.306420@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <e9cvhg$lrv$1@online.de>

Marshall schrieb:
> Joachim Durchholz wrote:
>> Marshall schrieb:
>>> I would say, records in SQL have value, and their
>>> identity is exactly their value.
 >>
>> Definitely not. You can have two equal records and update just one of
>> them, yielding non-equal records; by my definition (and by intuition),
>> this means that the records were equal but not identical.
> 
> This sort of thing comes up when one has made the mistake of
> not defining any keys on one's table and needs to rectify the
> situation. It is in fact considered quite a challenge to do.
> My preferred technique for such a situation is to create
> a new table with the same columns and SELECT DISTINCT ...
> INTO ... then recreate the original table. So that way doesn't
> fit your model.

I was mentioning multiple equal records just as an example where the 
records have an identity that's independent of the record values.

> How else might you do it? I suppose there are nonstandard
> extensions, such as UPDATE ... LIMIT. And in fact there
> might be some yucky thing that made it in to the standard
> that will work.

Right, it might be difficult to update multiple records that are exactly 
the same. It's not what SQL was intended for, and difficult to do anyway 
- I was thinking of LIMIT (I wasn't aware that it's nonstandard), and I 
agree that there may be other ways to do it.

However, I wouldn't overvalue that case. The Jane/John Doe example 
posted elsewhere in this thread is strictly within the confines of what 
SQL was built for, yet there is aliasing.

> But what you descrbe is certainly *not* possible in the
> relational algebra; alas that SQL doesn't hew closer
> to it. Would you agree?

Yup, SQL (particularly its update semantics) aren't relational semantics.
Still, it's SQL we've been talking about.

 > Would you also agree that
> if a language *did* adhere to relation semantics,
> then relation elements would *not* have identity?
> (Under such a language, one could not have two
> equal records, for example.)

Any identity that one could define within relational semantics would be 
just equality, so no, it wouldn't be very helpful (unless as part of a 
greater framework).
However, that's not really a surprise. Aliasing becomes relevant (even 
observable) only when there's updates, and relational algebra doesn't 
have updates.

>>  > I do not see that they have
>>> any identity outside of their value. We can uniquely identify
>>> any particular record via a key, but a table may have more
>>> than one key, and an update may change the values of one
>>> key but not another. So it is not possible in general to
>>> definitely and uniquely assign a mapping from each record
>>> of a table after an update to each record of the table before
>>> the update, and if you can't do that, then where
>>> is the record identity?
>> Such a mapping is indeed possible. Simply extend the table with a new
>> column, number the columns consecutively, and identify the records via
>> that column.
> 
> That doesn't work for me. It is one thing to say that for all
> tables T, for all elements e in T, e has identity. It is a different
> thing to say that for all tables T, there exists a table T' such
> that for all elements e in T', e has identity.

Let me continue that argument:
Records in T' have identity.
 From an SQL point-of-view, there's no difference between the records in 
T' and records in other tables, so they must share all properties, in 
particular that of having an identity.

(I agree that's not as convincing as seeing aliasing in action. See below.)

>> But even if you don't do that, there's still identity. It is irrelevant
>> whether the programs can directly read the value of the identity field;
>> the adverse effects happen because updates are in-place. (If every
>> update generated a new record, then we'd indeed have no identity.)
>>
>>> Okay. At this point, though, the term aliasing has become extremely
>>> general. I believe "i+1+1" is an alias for "i+2" under this definition.
>> No, "i+1+1" isn't an alias in itself. It's an expression - to be an
>> alias, it would have to be a reference to something.
>>
>> However, a[i+1+1] is an alias to a[i+2]. Not that this is particularly
>> important - 1+1 is replacable by 2 in every context, so this is
>> essentially the same as saying "a[i+2] is an alias of a[i+2]", which is
>> vacuously true.
> 
> To me, the SQL with the where clause is like i+2, not like a[2].

I'd say WHERE is like [i+2]: neither is valid on its own, it's the 
"selector" part of a reference into a table.

> A query is simply an expression that makes mention of a variable.
> However I would have to admit that if SQL table elements have
> identity, it would be more like the array example.

OK.

> (The model of SQL I use in my head is one with set semantics,
> and I am careful to avoid running in to bag semantics by, for
> example, always defining at least one key, and using SELECT
> DISTINCT where necessary. But it is true that the strict set
> semantics in my head are not the wobbly bag semantics in
> the standard.)

Set-vs.-bag doesn't affect SQL's aliasing in general, it was a specific 
property of the example that I chose. So you don't have to worry wether 
that might be the cause of the misunderstanding.

>>> That is so general that I am concerned it has lost its ability to
>>> identify problems specific to pointers.
 >>
>> If the reference to "pointers" above means "references", then I don't
>> know about any pointer problems that cannot be reproduced, in one form
>> or the other, in any of the other aliasing mechanisms.
> 
> It seems we agree that, for example, raw C pointers can easily
> cause aliasing problems. To me, Java references, which are much
> more tightly controlled, are still subject to aliasing problems,
> although
> in practice the situation is significantly less severe. (It is possible
> to have multiple references to a single Java mutable object and
> not know it.)

Exactly.

 > I would assume the same is posible with, say, SML refs.

So do I.

> However the situation in SQL strikes me as being different.
> If one is speaking of base tables, and one has two queries,
> one has everything one needs to know simply looking at
> the queries. If views are involved, one must further examine
> the definition of the view.

Sure. Usually, SQL itself is enough abstract that no additional 
abstraction happens; so even if you have aliasing, you usually know 
about it.
I.e. when compared to what you were saying about Java: "It is possible
to have multiple references to a single Java mutable object and
not know it.", the "and not know it" part is usually missing.

The picture changes as soon as the SQL statements get hidden behind 
layers of abstraction, say result sets and prepared query handles.

... Um... let me also restate the preconditions for aliasing become a 
problem. You need three elements for that:
1) Identities that can be stored in multiple places.
2) Updates.
3) Abstraction (of updatable entities).

Without identities, there cannot be aliasing.
Without updates, the operation that makes aliasing problematic is excluded.
Without abstraction, you may have aliasing but can clearly identify it, 
and don't have a problem.

I think the roadblock you're hitting is that you keep looking for 
nonlocal trouble to identify spots where SQL might have aliasing; since 
SQL isn't used with abstraction often, you come up empty and conclude 
there's no aliasing.
My position is that not all aliasing is evil, and that there's a 
technical definition: two program entities (l-expressions in C parlance) 
are aliases if changing the referenced data through one also changes the 
other.

> For example, we might ask in C, if we update a[i], will
> the value of b[j] change? And we can't say, because
> we don't know if there is aliasing. But in Fortran, we
> can say that it won't, because they are definitely
> different variables.

Even that may be the case.
There's an EQUIVALENCE statement that can explicitly alias array sections.
Also, I suspect that newer versions of Fortran have reference parameters.

 > But even so in Fortran, if we ask
> if we update a[i], will a[j] change, and we know we
> can't tell unless we know the values of i and j.

In fact, that's the usual form of aliasing in Fortran.

> In SQL, if we update table T, will a SELECT on table
> S change? We know it won't; they are different variables.
> But if we update T, will a select on T change? It
> certainly might, but I wouldn't call it aliasing, because
> the two variables involved are the same variable, T.

I fail to see how this is different from the aliasing in a[i] and a[j].

It's just the same kind of aliasing that I have with the statements
   SELECT * FROM T WHERE key = $i
and
   SELECT * FROM T WHERE key = $j
(where $i and $j are placeholders for variables from program variables).

After running
   UPDATE T SET f = 5 WHERE key = $i
not only the first SELECT may give different results, the second may, 
too (in those cases where $i and $j happen to have the same value).


I can also construct pointer-like aliasing in SQL. If I have
   SELECT * FROM employees WHERE country = "US"
and
   SELECT * FROM employees WHERE name = "Doe"
then somebody with a grudge against all US employees running
   UPDATE employees SET salary = 0 WHERE country = "US"
will (on purpose or not) also modify the results of the second query.

Not a problem while all three queries are in plain view, but imagine 
them wrapped in some opaque object or behind a module interface.

> I am still not convinced. It is not sufficient to show how sometimes
> you can establish identity, or how you could establish identity based
> on some related table; it must be shown how the identity can be
> established in general, and I don't think it can. If it can't, then
> I claim we are back to expressions that include a variable, and
> not aliasing, even by the wider definition.

See above.

I admit that identity cannot be reliably established in SQL. The 
identity of a record isn't available (unless via OID extensions).
However, it is there and it can have effect.

Translated to real life, "my best friend" and "my employer" may be 
referring to the same identity, even if these descriptions may change in 
the future.

>>  > It seems to me there are more different
>>> styles of parameter passing than there are isolation levels, but
>>> I don't usually see (competent) people (such as yourself) getting
>>> call-by-value confused with call-by-reference.
>> Indeed.
>> Though the number of parameter passing mechanisms isn't that large
>> anyway. Off the top of my head, I could recite just three (by value, by
>> reference, by name aka lazy), the rest are just combinations with other
>> concepts (in/out/through, most notably) or a mapping to implementation
>> details (by reference vs. "pointer by value" in C++, for example).
> 
> Fair enough. I could only remember three, but I was sure someone
> else could name more. :-)

I got a private mail naming more parameter passing mechanisms. It's a 
bit difficult define what's a parameter passing mechanism and what's 
just an attribute for such a mechanism. If you count all combinations as 
an extra mechanism, you can easily get dozens.

Regards,
Jo


From http  Mon Jul 17 20:32:25 2006
From: http (Paul Rubin)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 17:32:25 -0700
Subject: New SourceForge project:  Diet Python!!!
References: <1153182157.538532.47180@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <7xac77zrae.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>

"The Eternal Squire" <eternalsquire at comcast.net> writes:
> Diet Python is a flavor of Python with allegro, multiarray, umath,
> calldll, npstruct and curses builtin, all else nonessential to language
> ripped out. Total size < 3MB, 1% of PSF Python. Diet Python helps keep
> clients thin :)

PSF Python is 300 MB?!


From deets at nospam.web.de  Wed Jul 19 09:03:10 2006
From: deets at nospam.web.de (Diez B. Roggisch)
Date: Wed, 19 Jul 2006 15:03:10 +0200
Subject: Track keyboard and mouse usage
References: <1153163579.760753.236340@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>	<4i261mF1njk3U1@uni-berlin.de>
	<mailman.8265.1153167386.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<4i29tbF1s6otU1@uni-berlin.de> <e9jp4p$7sh$1@info.service.rug.nl>
Message-ID: <4i6oqcF29t6oU3@uni-berlin.de>

Lars wrote:

> Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
>> will make the devices world readable. While I haven't thought about any
>> security implications that might have (and am not especially
>> knowledgeable in such things to be honest), I'm convinced it is way less
>> likely to introduce any exploitable holes than suid root would.
> 
> Depending on what kind of info these devices produce, couldn't they be
> used to spy on someone typing in a password? (I can't check, I'm on
> FreeBSD.)

I guess so. Good point.

Diez


From conrad.ammon at gmail.com  Sun Jul  2 03:48:39 2006
From: conrad.ammon at gmail.com (cmdrrickhunter@yaho.com)
Date: 2 Jul 2006 00:48:39 -0700
Subject: Odd behavior with staticmethods
In-Reply-To: <44a71e56@nntp0.pdx.net>
References: <1151784376.073855.287200@b68g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44a6e0cd$1@nntp0.pdx.net>
	<1151797692.449369.6310@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44a71e56@nntp0.pdx.net>
Message-ID: <1151826519.080978.31060@h44g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

THANK YOU!

Now I can actually worry about the advantages/disadvantages!



From hongqn at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:15:22 2006
From: hongqn at gmail.com (Qiangning Hong)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:15:22 -0700
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8589.1153947813.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8589.1153947813.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1153948522.743504.140640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Tim Chase wrote:
> Ah...the picture is becoming a little more clear:
>
>  >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\S)+')
>  >>> r.findall(s)
> ['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']
>
> It also works on my original test data, and is a cleaner regexp
> than the original.
>
> The clearer the problem, the clearer the answer. :)

Ah, it's exactly what I want!  I thought the left and right sides of
"|" are equal, but it is not true.  I think I must sleep right now,
lacking of sleep makes me a dull :-p.  Thank you and Simon for your
kindly help!



From sjmachin at lexicon.net  Mon Jul 10 18:46:05 2006
From: sjmachin at lexicon.net (John Machin)
Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2006 08:46:05 +1000
Subject: simulate enumerate in python 2.1
In-Reply-To: <1152549048.932608.301130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152549048.932608.301130@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44b2d8ac$1@news.eftel.com>

On 11/07/2006 2:30 AM, eight02645999 at yahoo.com wrote:
> hi,
> i am using python 2.1. Can i use the code below to simulate the
> enumerate() function in 2.3?

I'm bemused, boggled and bamboozled -- and that's just *one* letter of 
the alphabet ...

You are using Python 2.1, and you felt it necessary to ask on the 
newsgroup if it could be done instead of trying it out??? You would have 
found out after typing only one line that you were barking up the wrong 
  tree:

Python 2.1.3 (#35, Apr  8 2002, 17:47:50) [MSC 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>> from __future__ import generators
   File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: future feature generators is not defined

> If not, how to simulate in 2.1?
> thanks
> 
> from __future__ import generators
> def enumerate(sequence):
>     index = 0
>     for item in sequence:
>         yield index, item
>         index += 1
> 

Something like this:

 >>> class enumerate:
...     def __init__(self, seq):
...         self.seq = seq
...     def __getitem__(self, inx):
...         return inx, self.seq[inx]
...
 >>> alist = [9,8,7]
 >>> for i, item in enumerate(alist):
...    print i, item
...
0 9
1 8
2 7
# lookin' good
 >>> list(enumerate('qwerty'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: enumerate instance has no attribute '__len__'
# uh-oh
 >>> def patchit(self):
...     return len(self.seq)
...
 >>> enumerate.__len__ = patchit
 >>> list(enumerate('qwerty'))
[(0, 'q'), (1, 'w'), (2, 'e'), (3, 'r'), (4, 't'), (5, 'y')]
# lookin' better

There may be other details needed to complete the fake-up job, ... over 
to you.

HTH,
John


From bob at ubuntu-desktop.com  Fri Jul 28 14:09:23 2006
From: bob at ubuntu-desktop.com (bob)
Date: Fri, 28 Jul 2006 19:09:23 +0100
Subject: python and dbus - beginner seeking some help
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.28.18.09.23.70291@ubuntu-desktop.com>


I've found some information at:

http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus

However, if anyone knows of simpler or perhaps just easier to follow
articles online or knows that I'm barking up the wrong tree, your help
will still be appriciated.

Meanwhile I'm off to RTFM to see if I can make sense of it or need more
help :-)


From pmartin at snakecard.com  Mon Jul 31 11:04:53 2006
From: pmartin at snakecard.com (Philippe Martin)
Date: Mon, 31 Jul 2006 10:04:53 -0500
Subject: BCD List to HEX List
References: <5S8zg.1553$W93.658@dukeread05>
	<1154296114.094452.158000@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<hQ9zg.1562$W93.684@dukeread05>
	<1154298390.280625.206560@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<Zrazg.1568$W93.276@dukeread05>
	<1154299830.987261.9800@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<QQazg.1571$W93.680@dukeread05>
	<1154301233.360818.93450@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<0abzg.1576$W93.173@dukeread05>
	<1154302086.623471.88710@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>
	<Xxbzg.1581$W93.1486@dukeread05>
	<1154311512.865261.306920@b28g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>
	<12cqs9m6qo379b9@corp.supernews.com>
	<Gkfzg.1773$W93.1357@dukeread05>
	<1154319534.597480.264620@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<SDnzg.1787$W93.1272@dukeread05>
	<7x7j1tsvm7.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
	<1Rozg.1791$W93.1716@dukeread05>
	<7xirldkees.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <K0pzg.1793$W93.244@dukeread05>

Paul Rubin wrote:

> Philippe Martin <pmartin at snakecard.com> writes:
>> Well I am under NDA so I cannot tell you what the application is - I need
>> numbers (dec) with up to 24 digits.
> 
> You actually need to represent numbers up to 10**24??
> 
>> As I said, I went the other way - more data on the line (from dev 1 to
>> dev 2) - but I feel there is no speed issue at this stage.
> 
> What are your memory constraints?
PS: in smart cards, you count RAM in hundreds of bytes and EEPROM in
K-bytes.


From Clay_Culver at yahoo.com  Thu Jul 13 14:16:37 2006
From: Clay_Culver at yahoo.com (Clay Culver)
Date: 13 Jul 2006 11:16:37 -0700
Subject: Determining if an object is a class?
In-Reply-To: <mailman.8099.1152764341.27775.python-list@python.org>
References: <1152737134.345623.218080@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<1152738307.131439.143660@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<1152738406.588008.137170@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<mailman.8099.1152764341.27775.python-list@python.org>
Message-ID: <1152814597.352943.248990@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>

Dino Viehland wrote:
> The first check is also off - it should if issubclass(type(Test), type): otherwise you miss the metaclass case:
>
> class foo(type): pass
>
> class Test(object):
>     __metaclass__ = foo
>
> obj = Test
> if type(obj) == type: 'class obj'
> else: 'not a class'
>
> just on the off-chance you run into a metaclass :)

Ah right...it's so easy to forget about metaclassing, despite how easy
Python makes it.  Good catch, thanks.



From bj_666 at gmx.net  Mon Jul 24 06:17:01 2006
From: bj_666 at gmx.net (Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 12:17:01 +0200
Subject: BeautifulSoup to get string inner 'p' and 'a' tags
References: <1153734198.020895.269760@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <pan.2006.07.24.10.16.57.662317@gmx.net>

In <1153734198.020895.269760 at i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>, GinTon wrote:

> I'm trying to get the 'FOO' string but the problem is that inner 'P'
> tag there is another tag, 'a'. So:
> 
>> from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
>> s = '<td width="88%" valign="TOP"> <p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p></td>'
>> tree = BeautifulSoup(s)
> 
>> print tree.first('p')
> <p class="contentBody">FOO <a name="f"></a> </p>
> 
> So if I run 'print tree.first('p').string' to get the 'FOO' string it
> shows Null value because it's the 'a' tag:
> 
>> print tree.first('p').string
> Null
> 
> Any solution?

In [53]: print tree.first('p').contents[0]
FOO

Ciao,
	Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch


From jemejones at gmail.com  Tue Jul 11 14:58:48 2006
From: jemejones at gmail.com (Jeremy Jones)
Date: 11 Jul 2006 11:58:48 -0700
Subject: Multi-threaded FTP Question
In-Reply-To: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
References: <1152625541.977578.99020@35g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152644328.097592.78060@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>


dbandler at gmail.com wrote:
> I'm trying to use ftp in python in a multi-threaded way on a windows
> box - python version 2.4.3.  Problem is that it appears that it's only
> possible to have five instances/threads at one point in time.  Errors
> look like:
>
>    File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 107, in __init__
>     self.connect(host)
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 132, in connect
>     self.welcome = self.getresp()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 208, in getresp
>     resp = self.getmultiline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 194, in getmultiline
>     line = self.getline()
>   File "C:\Python24\lib\ftplib.py", line 184, in getline
>     if not line: raise EOFError
> EOFError
>
> Is it possible to have more than five simultaneous ftp connections?
>
> Thanks.
>
> Derek

I replied to this about 4 hours ago from my gmail email account (not my
google groups account associated with the same email addres), but
haven't seen it show up, so I apologize if this is a dupe.

Would you mind posting your code?  Are you trying to pass the same FTP
connection object to all 5 threads?

- Jeremy M. Jones



From python.list at tim.thechases.com  Wed Jul 26 22:11:28 2006
From: python.list at tim.thechases.com (Tim Chase)
Date: Wed, 26 Jul 2006 21:11:28 -0500
Subject: splitting words with brackets
In-Reply-To: <1153948522.743504.140640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153944283.395687.218610@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8587.1153946136.27775.python-list@python.org>	<1153946568.932438.159340@m73g2000cwd.googlegroups.com>	<mailman.8589.1153947813.27775.python-list@python.org>
	<1153948522.743504.140640@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44C820D0.7040306@tim.thechases.com>

>> >>> r = re.compile(r'(?:\([^\)]*\)|\[[^\]]*\]|\S)+')
>> >>> r.findall(s)
>>['(a c)b(c d)', 'e']
> 
> Ah, it's exactly what I want!  I thought the left and right 
> sides of "|" are equal, but it is not true.

In theory, they *should* be equal. I was baffled by the nonparity
of the situation.  You *should" be able to swap the two sides of 
the "|" and have it treated the same.  Yet, when I tried it with 
the above regexp, putting the \S first, it seemed to choke and 
give different results.  I'd love to know why.

> Thank you and Simon for your kindly help!

My pleasure.  A nice diversion from swatting spammers and getting 
our network back up and running today.  I had hoped to actually 
get something productive done (i.e. writing some python code) 
rather than putting out fires.  Sigh.

-tkc








From joncle at googlemail.com  Mon Jul  3 05:34:06 2006
From: joncle at googlemail.com (Jon Clements)
Date: 3 Jul 2006 02:34:06 -0700
Subject: Extending built-in objects/classes
Message-ID: <1151919246.608416.111910@a14g2000cwb.googlegroups.com>

Hi All,

I've reached the point in using Python where projects, instead of being
like 'batch scripts', are becoming more like 'proper' programs.

Therefore, I'm re-designing most of these and have found things in
common which I can use classes for. As I'm only just starting to get
into classes, I see that new style classes are thte way to go, so will
be using those. I come from a C++ background, and understand I need to
adjust my thinking in certain ways - I have read
http://www.geocities.com/foetsch/python/new_style_classes.htm.


As a really simple class, I've decided to make a 'str' to include a
'substr' function. Yes, I know this can be done using slicing, and
effectively this is what substr would do: something like;

class mystr(str):
    """" My rather rubbish but trying to be simple custom string class
"""
    def substr(self,start,length,pad=False):
        """
        Return str of (up to) _length_ chars, starting at _start_ which
is 1 offset based.
        If pad is True, ensure _length_ chars is returned by padding
with trailing whitespace.
        """"
        return self.<what>[ (start-1): (start-1)+length ]

Ignore the fact pad isn't implemented...

<what> should be the actual string value of the string object: How do I
work out what this is?
Secondly, I'm not 100% sure what I need for the __init__; is str's
__init__ implicitly called, or do I need to call str's __init__ in
mystr's (I seem to remember seeing some code which did this, as well as
calling super()).

Any critiscm is appreciated.

Many thanks,

Jon.



From lebougeant at 3Douest.com  Mon Jul 24 03:59:15 2006
From: lebougeant at 3Douest.com (Jérôme Le Bougeant)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 09:59:15 +0200
Subject: Compiler for external modules for python
References: <1153610576.338005.326300@75g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <44c47dcb$0$986$ba4acef3@news.orange.fr>

VS2003 : http://vecchio56.free.fr/VCToolkitSetup.exe


> Hello:
> I have interesting external modules that I want to incorporate to
> python 2.4.3 and python 2.5b2 also. Some of them requires C/C++
> compiler. I work with Win XP Sp2 and have installed VC2005 express (I
> do not know if the compiler is the one with optimizing
> characterisitics), when trying to install some module using "distutils"
> program, it asks for C/C++ VC7 that is part of VS2003, it seems
> distutils is not configured for VC8 that is part of VC2005.
> Under this circumstances I tried to find the VC7 compiler from
> microsoft sites, however it deflect to the new version of VS2005, so I
> "lost the cord and the goat" .
> I do not know what to do. Does anybody has some guidelines about this
> matter?
> Thanks!!!
> 




From brad at stop.mail-abuse.org  Thu Jul  6 13:45:47 2006
From: brad at stop.mail-abuse.org (Brad Knowles)
Date: Thu, 6 Jul 2006 13:45:47 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: [Mailman-Developers] Parsing and Rendering rfc2822
In-Reply-To: <44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
References: <44AAC503.9020901@mindlace.net>
	<1152111345.32574.18.camel@finch.boston.redhat.com>
	<44AC3F21.1020104@mindlace.net>
Message-ID: <33408.72.177.126.107.1152207947.squirrel@mail.his.com>

Ethan quoted John Dennis:

>> It's not at all clear to me that mailman should be responsible for
>> archiving.
>
> While I am somewhat in agreement, the current situation is that
> archiving comes bundled with mailman and represents a significant
> weakness in its current web UI. Not doing anything about the web UI
> presented by the archives would, in my mind, represent a substantial
> failing.

One of the reasons I switched from Majordomo to Mailman was because of the
better integration of the web control and archive system, so I at least
partially agree with you.

>> Archiving and MLM (Mailing List Manager) functionality can be
>> orthogonal to each other.
>
> I can imagine - but have never used - a mailing list where access to
> past emails is 'orthogonal' to the use of the mailing list.

Majordomo, older versions of Mailman, as just two examples of many.

In fact, most MLMs don't necessarily have integrated archive components. 
And there are plenty of people who don't care for Pipermail and instead
integrate a third-party archive system into Mailman, in accordance with
the instructions that we provide in the FAQ Wizard.


I am not at all opposed to improving or replacing pipermail with something
else that is integrated into Mailman, but we need to make sure we don't
lose sight of these other archive systems, and that we don't do anything
that would make it more difficult to use them.

> It is probably just a sign that I haven't explored the extant solutions
> sufficiently, but I have seen no sign that there are a variety of
> high-quality archiving solutions out there.

There are at least a couple of alternatives mentioned in the FAQ Wizard,
and John has clearly found at least one more.  I'm sure he can tell you
the search process he used to find all the others, so that you can take a
look at all the ones he found and then see if there are any others you can
discover on top of that.

But this is a pretty big undertaking.

-- 
Brad Knowles, <brad at stop.mail-abuse.org>

"Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little
temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."

     -- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), reply of the Pennsylvania
     Assembly to the Governor, November 11, 1755

  LOPSA member since December 2005.  See <http://www.lopsa.org/>.


From cdsmith at twu.net  Tue Jul 11 00:05:33 2006
From: cdsmith at twu.net (Chris Smith)
Date: Mon, 10 Jul 2006 22:05:33 -0600
Subject: What is a type error?
References: <4498356b$0$659$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<MPG.1f020af6425675b19896d0@news.altopia.net>
	<7i3mg.204167$8W1.155367@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<44992e6c$2$664$bed64819@news.gradwell.net>
	<%Igmg.464974$xt.353729@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f03acbbe8b647379896da@news.altopia.net>
	<4fv0v3F1kipa6U1@individual.net>
	<M40ng.475401$xt.231558@fe3.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<4gakhiF1m698cU1@individual.net>
	<MPG.1f09cc2facf5591b98970f@news.altopia.net>
	<8vl3b2tu42if639eaak4i79cbqrqig7tch@4ax.com>
	<MPG.1f1b973841b328b998976b@news.altopia.net>
	<MPG.1f1bab64c1cb09d498976f@news.altopia.net>
	<1152516083.019202.215160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<MPG.1f1bb6b890c74cd2989770@news.altopia.net>
	<%5Dsg.74232$7Z6.25253@fe2.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
	<MPG.1f1cb1655d051e6f98977f@news.altopia.net>
	<AMDsg.307637$8W1.193192@fe1.news.blueyonder.co.uk>
Message-ID: <MPG.1f1cd16c26f92e6d989781@news.altopia.net>

David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood at blueyonder.co.uk> wrote:
> Maybe I'm not understanding what you mean by "complete". Of course any
> type system of this expressive power will be incomplete (whether or not
> it can express conditions 3 to 5), in the sense that it cannot prove all
> true assertions about the types of expressions.

Ah.  I meant complete enough to accomplish the goal in this subthread, 
which was to ensure that the compiler knows when a particular int 
variable is guaranteed to be greater than 18, and when it is not.

-- 
Chris Smith - Lead Software Developer / Technical Trainer
MindIQ Corporation


From tactics40 at gmail.com  Wed Jul 19 12:22:06 2006
From: tactics40 at gmail.com (tac-tics)
Date: 19 Jul 2006 09:22:06 -0700
Subject: PIL - transparent ImageDraw.text()
In-Reply-To: <1153323820.141731.213160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153323820.141731.213160@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1153326126.794520.222680@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>

aljosa wrote:
> is it possible to create transparent text (~50% transparency) on image?
> i'm using the following code to draw text on image:
>
> >>>
> font = ImageFont.truetype(str(self.font_family)+".ttf", self.font_size)
> draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
> draw.text((10, 10), self.text, font=font,fill=(255,255,255))
> <<<
>
> url with example would be nice 8-)
>
> Aljosa Mohorovic

Create a new image filled with transparency (either palletted or
alpha). Draw your text to that image instead. Then, paste the
transparent image onto your main image. I don't know of any examples
online, as I learned this through the sweat and pain of trial and error
=-)



From gregpinero at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 11:09:00 2006
From: gregpinero at gmail.com (=?ISO-8859-1?Q?Gregory_Pi=F1ero?=)
Date: Fri, 7 Jul 2006 11:09:00 -0400
Subject: Web Browser Pygame Plug-in?
In-Reply-To: <44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>
References: <312cfe2b0607061124l1542e2d6n7657b4c22efcb7e8@mail.gmail.com>
	<44ADF3D8.1040207@hathawaymix.org>
Message-ID: <312cfe2b0607070809p6ff6bf1araadb631fa7b4d9af@mail.gmail.com>

Are there security issues too?  Would you remove potentially harmful
Python libraries for the plugin, not allow system calls, etc?  Would
you only allow file system access in one area?

I guess you'd just copy however Java applets work?  But run faster ;-)


On 7/7/06, Shane Hathaway <shane at hathawaymix.org> wrote:
> Gregory Pi?ero wrote:
> > I was just idley curious on what it would take to make a web plug-in
> > for Pygame.  I'm picturing it working the way my browser currently
> > shows flash games.  Is such an idea even possible?  Has anyone
> > attempted this?
>
> I once played with a similar idea.  Yes, it's possible, although
> platform differences make the idea non-trivial.
>
> Specifically, I ran into difficulty when I discovered that it's not easy
> on Linux to load a dynamic library (such as libpython.so) which in turn
> loads other dynamic libraries (such as native Python modules), since the
> library search path is not modifiable at runtime.  A possible workaround
> is to launch a separate process which projects into the browser window.
>
> I don't know what surprises may pop up on other platforms.
>
> Shane
>


-- 
Gregory Pi?ero
Chief Innovation Officer
Blended Technologies
(www.blendedtechnologies.com)


From partow at gmail.com  Mon Jul 17 03:52:14 2006
From: partow at gmail.com (Arash Partow)
Date: 17 Jul 2006 00:52:14 -0700
Subject: General Hash Functions In Python
References: <1153116124.032619.146410@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<7xirlw21by.fsf@ruckus.brouhaha.com>
Message-ID: <1153122734.328499.289330@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Hi Paul,

For different data types different hash functions work
better/worse aka fewer or more collisions.

I believe the more choice people have and also the more
ways people see how a particular thing can be done, then
the easier it will be for them to come up with their own
specific efficient solutions.

That said, I believe at least one (most likely more) of
the hash functions in the group above will most always work
better (ala less collisions) than the standard default hash
available in the built-in dict for any random set of strings.

Please feel free to prove me wrong :)




Arash Partow
________________________________________________________
Be one who knows what they don't know,
Instead of being one who knows not what they don't know,
Thinking they know everything about all things.
http://www.partow.net


Paul Rubin wrote:
> "Arash Partow" <partow at gmail.com> writes:
> > I've ported various hash functions to python if anyone is interested:
>
> Are these useful for any particular interoperability purposes?
> Otherwise I'd say just one such hash is plenty, or maybe don't even
> bother, since Python's built-in dicts are sufficient for most
> applications that call for hashing, and the cryptographic hashes are
> available for when you really care about uniformity of the hash
> output.
>
> >     for i in range(len(key)):
> >       hash = hash * a + ord(key[i])
> >       a = a * b
>
> As a stylistic issue, I'd write this:
>
>   for c in key:
>      hash = hash * a + ord(c)
>      a *= b
> 
> and similarly for the other similar loops.



From cowie.rob at gmail.com  Fri Jul  7 12:38:39 2006
From: cowie.rob at gmail.com (Rob Cowie)
Date: 7 Jul 2006 09:38:39 -0700
Subject: how can I avoid abusing lists?
References: <1152289113.007295.23320@s13g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <1152290319.685783.106250@s16g2000cws.googlegroups.com>

Just forget the lists...

counters = {0:0, 1:0, 2:0, 3:0, 4:0}

def increment(value):
    counters[value] += 1

increment(1)
increment(1)
increment(3)
increment(4)

print counters[0]
>>> 0
print counters[1]
>>> 2
print coutners[2]
>>> 0
print counters[3]
>>> 1
print coutners[4]
>>> 1

The increment function should probably include a try:...except:
statement to catch KeyErrors that would arise if you passed a value
that is not a key in the counters dictionary.

Rob C



From BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com  Wed Jul 26 17:00:10 2006
From: BjornSteinarFjeldPettersen at gmail.com (thebjorn)
Date: 26 Jul 2006 14:00:10 -0700
Subject: How to find difference in years between two dates?
In-Reply-To: <44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
References: <1153909993.657920.58570@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
	<44c76987$0$14326$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153923627.980039.133670@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<44c77cba$0$699$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
	<1153925054.849781.139550@h48g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<44c799c9$0$30128$626a54ce@news.free.fr>
Message-ID: <1153947609.975961.35940@m79g2000cwm.googlegroups.com>

Bruno Desthuilliers wrote:
[...]
> Possible solution:
>
> import mx.DateTime as dt
> def age(date):
>     return dt.Age(dt.today(), date).years
> born = dt.Date(1967, 5, 1)
> assert age(born) == 39

dealbreaker:

>>> age(datetime.date(1970,5,2))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "c:\python24\lib\site-packages\mx\DateTime\DateTime.py", line
842, in RelativeDateTimeDiff
    diff = date1 - date2
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'DateTime' and
'datetime.date'

I'm getting data from a database, and conversions are out of the
question for something like this. Otherwise it's a fine library :-)

-- bjorn



From aahz at pythoncraft.com  Tue Jul 25 12:17:51 2006
From: aahz at pythoncraft.com (Aahz)
Date: 25 Jul 2006 09:17:51 -0700
Subject: Don't use __slots__! (was Re: dicts vs classes)
References: <1153821590.452329.208790@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
	<pan.2006.07.25.10.11.28.303576@gmx.net>
	<ea5c8r$ktl$1@panix2.panix.com>
	<1153843248.761424.246730@i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <ea5g7f$j3k$1@panix1.panix.com>

In article <1153843248.761424.246730 at i3g2000cwc.googlegroups.com>,
 <bearophileHUGS at lycos.com> wrote:
>Aahz, citing Guido:
>>
>>__slots__ is a terrible hack with nasty, hard-to-fathom side
>>effects that should only be used by programmers at grandmaster and
>>wizard levels. Unfortunately it has gained an enormous undeserved
>
>I think I have used __slots__ just one time. Can you tell me some of of
>such bad side effects?

The main one is that inheritance becomes difficult to nearly-impossible.
-- 
Aahz (aahz at pythoncraft.com)           <*>         http://www.pythoncraft.com/

"Debugging is twice as hard as writing the code in the first place.
Therefore, if you write the code as cleverly as possible, you are, by
definition, not smart enough to debug it."  --Brian W. Kernighan


From jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu  Sun Jul 23 23:46:30 2006
From: jstroud at mbi.ucla.edu (James Stroud)
Date: Mon, 24 Jul 2006 03:46:30 GMT
Subject: easy questions from python newbie
In-Reply-To: <1153712095.768585.7710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
References: <1153701209.069639.199860@i42g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>
	<RzVwg.55425$VE1.47671@newssvr14.news.prodigy.com>
	<1153712095.768585.7710@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>
Message-ID: <qoXwg.72304$Lm5.26852@newssvr12.news.prodigy.com>

John Machin wrote:
> James Stroud wrote:
> 
>>walterbyrd wrote:
>>
>>>This is the first real python program I have ever worked on. What I
>>>want to do is:
>>>1) count identical records in a cvs file
>>>2) create a new file with quantities instead duplicate records
>>>3) open the new file in ms-excel
>>>
>>>For example, I will start with a file like:
>>>
>>>1001
>>>1012
>>>1008
>>>1012
>>>1001
>>>1001
>>>
>>>and finish with a file like:
>>>
>>>1001,3
>>>1008,1
>>>1012,2
>>>
>>>What I need to know:
>>>1) is there a function in python that will sort a file into another
>>>file. Something like:
>>>sort file1.txt > file2.txt from the DOS command line. I know there is
>>>also a similar "sort" funtion in Unix.
>>
>>import os
>>os.system('sort file1.txt > file2.txt')
>>
>>
>>>2) is there a function in python that will correctly load a csv file
>>>into an excel spreadsheet,
>>>and open that spreadsheet.
>>
>>What's with the excel files? You must be in industry. Excel opens csv
>>files, no problem. In Mac OS X, you can do this:
>>
>>   os.system('open -a /Applications/Excel %s' % 'my_file.csv')
>>
>>It probably requires a nauseating journey through a bunch of hoops to do
>>the equivalent in window$. But you haven't specified your operating
>>system, so I optimistically assume a best-case (OS X) and not a
>>worst-case (window$). If worst-case, I'm truly sorry for your misfortune.
> 
> 
> Hey d00d, what's with the attit00d? All those $ signs? Do you get Excel
> for free on Mac OS X or does your department pay for it?  Us 'doze
> dummies w/o a big endowment like UCLA wouldn't/couldn't afford that.
> Out here in the boonies we have to download the free stuff.


I use FC4 and open office. I had to fire up a window$ machine to test 
the CSV thing, d00d.

> C:\junk>python
> Python 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
> on win32
> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
> 
>>>>import os
>>>>os.system('"C:\Program Files\OpenOffice.org 2.0\program\scalc" foo.csv')
> 
> 0
> 
> 
> Look, d00d, no hoops.

Glad for you.

>>>3) I will probably be working with 50 items, or less, would it be best
>>>for me to do this with a
>>>multi-diminsional array? For example: sort the file, read a rec into
>>>the array, if the next rec is the same then incr the count, otherwise
>>>add a new rec with a count of 1. Then write the array to a file?
>>>
>>
>>Ah, a real question. Use a dict:
>>
>>if adict.has_key(some_key):
> 
> 
> Hey, d00d, ask the department sysadmin to update your Python for you,
> then you'll be able to use this:
> 
>     if some_key in adict:
> 
> 
>>   adict[some_key] += 1
>>else:
>>   adict[some_key] = 1
>>

Last I checked, both worked.

James


-- 
James Stroud
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095

http://www.jamesstroud.com/