look Pyth Cookbook 2nd edit, Sec 4.17: "Unions/intersections dictionaries". You'll see idioms like this for dict unions: uniondict=dict(dict1, **dict2) filter (dicta.has_key, dictb.keys()) DENG wrote: > yes, that's really what i want! > > the 2nd replace the 1st one' value! > > thanks so much King