Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: > ## for x in strippedWords: > ## unique[x] = 0 > ## > ## for x in strippedWords: > ## unique[x] += 1 > > for x in strippedWords: > unique[x] = unique.get(x, 0) + 1 Just the thing I was looking for. :-) To clarify: unique.get(x, 0) This says *give me the value of unique[x] if it exists, else give me 0*. Correct?