Hi there! Given a string s = "%(foo)s %(spam)s" and two dictionaries d1 = {"foo": "bar"} d2 = {"spam": "eggs"} how would you apply d1 and d2 to s without modifying or explicitly copying one of the dicts? I mean, I don't like to d3 = dictionary(d1) d3.update(d2) s = s % d3 cg.