Greg Ewing wrote: > > he's ignoring the case: > > > > else if (f can be implemented via C's > > public interface, but may have > > to be overridden by a subclass > > to C) > > Isn't that the same as "f needs to be virtual"? in Python, sure. in C++, it depends. thanks to function overloading, you can have polymorphism without having to make everything virtual... </F>