[Python-checkins] cpython: Issue 14814: Docs work showed some more cases of networks pretending to be

nick.coghlan python-checkins at python.org
Sun Aug 5 14:02:29 CEST 2012


http://hg.python.org/cpython/rev/b513ad06d1fa
changeset:   78428:b513ad06d1fa
user:        Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan at gmail.com>
date:        Sun Aug 05 22:02:18 2012 +1000
summary:
  Issue 14814: Docs work showed some more cases of networks pretending to be addresses and highlighted the weird approach to implementing the 'is_whatever' properties. Impl now illustrates far more clearly that networks have a property if both their network and broadcast addresses have that property

files:
  Doc/library/ipaddress.rst  |  464 +++++++++++++++++---
  Lib/ipaddress.py           |  554 +++++++++++++-----------
  Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py |    4 +-
  3 files changed, 688 insertions(+), 334 deletions(-)


diff --git a/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst b/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
--- a/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ipaddress.rst
@@ -9,17 +9,26 @@
 
 --------------
 
-The :mod:`ipaddress` module provides the capabilities to create, manipulate and
+.. note::
+
+   The ``ipaddress`` module has been included in the standard library on a
+   :term:`provisional basis <provisional package>`. Backwards incompatible
+   changes (up to and including removal of the package) may occur if deemed
+   necessary by the core developers.
+
+:mod:`ipaddress` provides the capabilities to create, manipulate and
 operate on IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and networks.
 
+The functions and classes in this module make it straightforward to handle
+various tasks related to IP addresses, including checking whether or not two
+hosts are on the same subnet, iterating over all hosts in a particular
+subnet, checking whether or not a string represents a valid IP address or
+network definition, and so on.
+
 This is the full module API reference - for an overview and introduction,
 see :ref:`ipaddress-howto`.
 
-The functions and classes in this module make it straightforward to handle
-various tasks related to IP addresses, including checking whether or not two
-hosts are on the same subnet, iterating over all hosts in a particular
-subnet, as well as checking whether or not a string represents a valid
-IP address or network definition.
+.. versionadded:: 3.3
 
 
 Convenience factory functions
@@ -65,15 +74,24 @@
    :exc:`ValueError` is raised if *address* does not represent a valid IPv4 or
    IPv6 address.
 
+One downside of these convenience functions is that the need to handle both
+IPv4 and IPv6 formats means that error messages provide minimal
+information on the precise error, as the functions don't know whether the
+IPv4 or IPv6 format was intended. More detailed error reporting can be
+obtained by calling the appropriate version specific class constructors
+directly.
+
+
+IP Addresses
+------------
 
 Address objects
----------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 The :class:`IPv4Address` and :class:`IPv6Address` objects share a lot of common
 attributes.  Some attributes that are only meaningful for IPv6 addresses are
 also implemented by :class:`IPv4Address` objects, in order to make it easier to
-write code that handles both IP versions correctly.  To avoid duplication, all
-common attributes will only be documented for :class:`IPv4Address`.
+write code that handles both IP versions correctly.
 
 .. class:: IPv4Address(address)
 
@@ -84,66 +102,79 @@
 
    1. A string in decimal-dot notation, consisting of four decimal integers in
       the inclusive range 0-255, separated by dots (e.g. ``192.168.0.1``). Each
-      integer represents an octet (byte) in the address, big-endian.
+      integer represents an octet (byte) in the address. Leading zeroes are
+      tolerated only for values less then 8 (as there is no ambiguity
+      between the decimal and octal interpretations of such strings).
    2. An integer that fits into 32 bits.
-   3. An integer packed into a :class:`bytes` object of length 4, big-endian.
+   3. An integer packed into a :class:`bytes` object of length 4 (most
+      significant octet first).
 
    >>> ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
    IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.0.2.1') == ipaddress.IPv4Address(3221225985)
-   True
+   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(3221225985)
+   IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
+   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Address(b'\xC0\xA8\x00\x01')
+   IPv4Address('192.168.0.1')
 
+   .. attribute:: version
+
+      The appropriate version number: ``4`` for IPv4, ``6`` for IPv6.
+
+   .. attribute:: max_prefixlen
+
+      The total number of bits in the address representation for this
+      version: ``32`` for IPv4, ``128`` for IPv6.
+
+      The prefix defines the number of leading bits in an  address that
+      are compared to determine whether or not an address is part of a
+      network.
+
+   .. attribute:: compressed
    .. attribute:: exploded
 
-   The longhand version of the address as a string. Note: the
-   exploded/compressed distinction is meaningful only for IPv6 addresses.
-   For IPv4 addresses it is the same.
+      The string representation in dotted decimal notation. Leading zeroes
+      are never included in the representation.
 
-   .. attribute:: compressed
-
-   The shorthand version of the address as a string.
+      As IPv4 does not define a shorthand notation for addresses with octets
+      set to zero, these two attributes are always the same as ``str(addr)``
+      for IPv4 addresses. Exposing these attributes makes it easier to
+      write display code that can handle both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
 
    .. attribute:: packed
 
-   The binary representation of this address - a :class:`bytes` object.
-
-   .. attribute:: version
-
-   A numeric version number.
-
-   .. attribute:: max_prefixlen
-
-   Maximal length of the prefix (in bits).  The prefix defines the number of
-   leading bits in an address that are compared to determine whether or not an
-   address is part of a network.
+      The binary representation of this address - a :class:`bytes` object of
+      the appropriate length (most significant octet first). This is 4 bytes
+      for IPv4 and 16 bytes for IPv6.
 
    .. attribute:: is_multicast
 
-   ``True`` if the address is reserved for multicast use.  See :RFC:`3171` (for
-   IPv4) or :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
+      ``True`` if the address is reserved for multicast use.  See
+      :RFC:`3171` (for IPv4) or :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
 
    .. attribute:: is_private
 
-   ``True`` if the address is allocated for private networks.  See :RFC:`1918`
-   (for IPv4) or :RFC:`4193` (for IPv6).
+      ``True`` if the address is allocated for private networks.  See
+      :RFC:`1918` (for IPv4) or :RFC:`4193` (for IPv6).
 
    .. attribute:: is_unspecified
 
-   ``True`` if the address is unspecified.  See :RFC:`5375` (for IPv4) or
-   :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
+      ``True`` if the address is unspecified.  See :RFC:`5375` (for IPv4)
+      or :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
 
    .. attribute:: is_reserved
 
-   ``True`` if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
+      ``True`` if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
 
    .. attribute:: is_loopback
 
-   ``True`` if this is a loopback address.  See :RFC:`3330` (for IPv4) or
-   :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
+      ``True`` if this is a loopback address.  See :RFC:`3330` (for IPv4)
+      or :RFC:`2373` (for IPv6).
 
    .. attribute:: is_link_local
 
-   ``True`` if the address is reserved for link-local.  See :RFC:`3927`.
+      ``True`` if the address is reserved for link-local usage.  See
+      :RFC:`3927`.
+
 
 .. class:: IPv6Address(address)
 
@@ -165,31 +196,79 @@
    >>> ipaddress.IPv6Address('2001:db8::1000')
    IPv6Address('2001:db8::1000')
 
-   All the attributes exposed by :class:`IPv4Address` are supported.  In
-   addition, the following attributs are exposed only by :class:`IPv6Address`.
+   All the attributes implemented by :class:`IPv4Address` are supported.  In
+   addition, the following attributs are implemented only by
+   :class:`IPv6Address`.
+
+   .. attribute:: compressed
+
+   The short form of the address representation, with leading zeroes in
+   groups omitted and the longest sequence of groups consisting entirely of
+   zeroes collapsed to a single empty group.
+
+   This is also the value returned by ``str(addr)`` for IPv6 addresses.
+
+   .. attribute:: exploded
+
+   The long form of the address representation, with all leading zeroes and
+   groups consisting entirely of zeroes included.
+
+   .. attribute:: packed
+   .. attribute:: version
+   .. attribute:: max_prefixlen
+   .. attribute:: is_multicast
+   .. attribute:: is_private
+   .. attribute:: is_unspecified
+   .. attribute:: is_reserved
+   .. attribute:: is_loopback
+   .. attribute:: is_link_local
+
+      Refer to the corresponding attribute documentation in
+      :class:`IPv4Address`
 
    .. attribute:: is_site_local
 
-   ``True`` if the address is reserved for site-local.  Note that the site-local
-   address space has been deprecated by :RFC:`3879`.  Use
-   :attr:`~IPv4Address.is_private` to test if this address is in the space of
-   unique local addresses as defined by :RFC:`4193`.
+      ``True`` if the address is reserved for site-local usage.  Note that
+      the site-local address space has been deprecated by :RFC:`3879`. Use
+      :attr:`~IPv4Address.is_private` to test if this address is in the
+      space of unique local addresses as defined by :RFC:`4193`.
 
    .. attribute:: ipv4_mapped
 
-   If this address represents a IPv4 mapped address, return the IPv4 mapped
-   address.  Otherwise return ``None``.
+      For addresses that appear to be IPv4 mapped addresses (starting with
+      ``::FFFF/96``), this property will report the embedded IPv4 address.
+      For any other address, this property will be ``None``.
+
+   .. attribute:: sixtofour
+
+      For addresses that appear to be 6to4 addresses  (starting with
+      ``2002::/16``) as defined by :RFC:`3056`, this property will report
+      the embedded IPv4 address.  For any other address, this property will
+      be ``None``.
 
    .. attribute:: teredo
 
-   If this address appears to be a teredo address (starts with ``2001::/32``),
-   return a tuple of embedded teredo IPs ``(server, client)`` pairs.  Otherwise
-   return ``None``.
+      For addresses that appear to be Teredo addresses (starting with
+      ``2001::/32``) as defined by :RFC:`4380`, this property will report
+      the embedded ``(server, client)`` IP address pair.  For any other
+      address, this property will be ``None``.
 
-   .. attribute:: sixtofour
 
-   If this address appears to contain a 6to4 embedded address, return the
-   embedded IPv4 address.  Otherwise return ``None``.
+Conversion to Strings and Integers
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+To interoperate with networking interfaces such as the socket module,
+addresses must be converted to strings or integers. This is handled using
+the :func:`str` and :func:`int` builtin functions::
+
+   >>> str(ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.0.1'))
+   '192.168.0.1'
+   >>> int(ipaddress.IPv4Address('192.168.0.1'))
+   3232235521
+   >>> str(ipaddress.IPv6Address('::1'))
+   '::1'
+   >>> int(ipaddress.IPv6Address('::1'))
+   1
 
 
 Operators
@@ -199,6 +278,7 @@
 only be applied between compatible objects (i.e. IPv4 with IPv4, IPv6 with
 IPv6).
 
+
 Logical operators
 """""""""""""""""
 
@@ -212,6 +292,7 @@
    >>> IPv4Address('127.0.0.2') != IPv4Address('127.0.0.1')
    True
 
+
 Arithmetic operators
 """"""""""""""""""""
 
@@ -227,45 +308,274 @@
    ipaddress.AddressValueError: 4294967296 (>= 2**32) is not permitted as an IPv4 address
 
 
+IP Network definitions
+----------------------
+
+The :class:`IPv4Network` and :class:`IPv6Network` objects provide a mechanism
+for defining and inspecting IP network definitions.  A network definition
+consists of a *mask* and a *network address*, and as such defines a range of
+IP addresses that equal the network address when masked (binary AND) with the
+mask.  For example, a network definition with the mask ``255.255.255.0`` and
+the network address ``192.168.1.0`` consists of IP addresses in the inclusive
+range ``192.168.1.0`` to ``192.168.1.255``.
+
+
+Prefix, net mask and host mask
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+There are several equivalent ways to specify IP network masks.  A *prefix*
+``/<nbits>`` is a notation that denotes how many high-order bits are set in
+the network mask.  A *net mask* is an IP address with some number of
+high-order bits set.  Thus the prefix ``/24`` is equivalent to the net mask
+``255.255.255.0`` in IPv4, or ``ffff:ff00::`` in IPv6.  In addition, a
+*host mask* is the logical inverse of a *net mask*, and is sometimes used
+(for example in Cisco access control lists) to denote a network mask.  The
+host mask equivalent to ``/24`` in IPv4 is ``0.0.0.255``.
+
+
 Network objects
----------------
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+All attributes implemented by address objects are implemented by network
+objects as well.  In addition, network objects implement additional attributes.
+All of these are common between :class:`IPv4Network` and :class:`IPv6Network`,
+so to avoid duplication they are only documented for :class:`IPv4Network`.
 
 .. class:: IPv4Network(address, strict=True)
 
-   Construct an IPv4 network.  *address* is a string or integer representing the
-   IP address (and optionally the network).  An :exc:`AddressValueError` is
-   raised if *address* is not a valid IPv4 address.  A :exc:`NetmaskValueError`
-   is raised if the netmask is not valid for an IPv4 address.
+   Construct an IPv4 network definition.  *address* can be one of the following:
+
+   1. A string consisting of an IP address and an optional mask, separated by
+      a slash (``/``).  The IP address is the network address, and the mask
+      can be either a single number, which means it's a *prefix*, or a string
+      representation of an IPv4 address.  If it's the latter, the mask is
+      interpreted as a *net mask* if it starts with a non-zero field, or as
+      a *host mask* if it starts with a zero field.  If no mask is provided,
+      it's considered to be ``/32``.
+
+      For example, the following *address* specifications are equivalent:
+      ``192.168.1.0/24``, ``192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0`` and
+      ``192.168.1.0/0.0.0.255``.
+
+   2. An integer that fits into 32 bits.  This is equivalent to a
+      single-address network, with the network address being *address* and
+      the mask being ``/32``.
+
+   3. An integer packed into a :class:`bytes` object of length 4, big-endian.
+      The interpretation is similar to an integer *address*.
+
+   An :exc:`AddressValueError` is raised if *address* is not a valid IPv4
+   address.  A :exc:`NetmaskValueError` is raised if the mask is not valid for
+   an IPv4 address.
 
    If *strict* is ``True`` and host bits are set in the supplied address,
-   then :exc:`ValueError` is raised. Otherwise, the host bits are masked out
+   then :exc:`ValueError` is raised.  Otherwise, the host bits are masked out
    to determine the appropriate network address.
 
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/27')
-   IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/27')
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/27').netmask
-   IPv4Address('255.255.255.224')
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv4Network('192.0.2.5/27', strict=False)
-   IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/27')
+   This class implements all the attributes of :class:`IPv4Address`, and also
+   the following attributes and methods.  Unless stated otherwise, all methods
+   accepting other network / address objects will raise :exc:`TypeError` if
+   the argument's IP version is incompatible to ``self``:
+
+   .. attribute:: broadcast_address
+
+   The broadcast address for the network.
+
+   .. attribute:: host mask
+
+   The host mask, as a string.
+
+   .. attribute:: with_prefixlen
+
+   A string representation of the network, with the mask in prefix notation.
+
+   .. attribute:: with_netmask
+
+   A string representation of the network, with the mask in net mask notation.
+
+   .. attribute:: with_hostmask
+
+   A string representation of the network, with the mask in host mask notation.
+
+   .. attribute:: num_addresses
+
+   The total number of addresses in the network.
+
+   .. attribute:: prefixlen
+
+   Length of the prefix, in bits.
+
+   .. method:: hosts()
+
+   Generates an iterator over the usable hosts in the network.  The usable hosts
+   are all the IP addresses that belong to the network, except the network
+   address itself and the network broadcast address.
+
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/29').hosts())
+      [IPv4Address('192.0.2.1'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.2'),
+       IPv4Address('192.0.2.3'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.4'),
+       IPv4Address('192.0.2.5'), IPv4Address('192.0.2.6')]
+
+   .. method:: overlaps(other)
+
+   ``True`` if this network is partly contained in *other*.
+
+   .. method:: address_exclude(network)
+
+   Computes the network defintions resulting from removing the given *network*
+   from this one.  Returns a generator.  Raises :exc:`ValueError` if *network*
+   is not completely contained in this network.
+
+      >>> n1 = ip_network('192.0.2.0/28')
+      >>> n2 = ip_network('192.0.2.1/32')
+      >>> list(n1.address_exclude(n2))
+      [IPv4Network('192.0.2.8/29'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.4/30'),
+       IPv4Network('192.0.2.2/31'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/32')]
+
+   .. method:: subnets(prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None)
+
+   The subnets that join to make the current network definition, depending on
+   the argument values.  *prefixlen_diff* is the amount our prefix length
+   should be increased by.  *new_prefix* is the desired new prefix of the
+   subnets; it must be larger than our prefix.  One and only one of
+   *prefixlen_diff* and *new_prefix* must be set.  Returns an iterator of
+   network objects.
+
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').subnets())
+      [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')]
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').subnets(prefixlen_diff=2))
+      [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.64/26'),
+       IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.192/26')]
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').subnets(new_prefix=26))
+      [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.64/26'),
+       IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/26'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.192/26')]
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').subnets(new_prefix=23))
+      Traceback (most recent call last):
+        File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
+          raise ValueError('new prefix must be longer')
+      ValueError: new prefix must be longer
+      >>> list(ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').subnets(new_prefix=25))
+      [IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/25'), IPv4Network('192.0.2.128/25')]
+      >>>
+
+   .. method:: supernet(prefixlen_diff=1, new_prefix=None)
+
+   The supernet containing this network definition, depending on the argument
+   values.  *prefixlen_diff* is the amount our prefix length should be
+   decreased by.  *new_prefix* is the desired new prefix of the supernet; it
+   must be smaller than our prefix.  One and only one of *prefixlen_diff* and
+   *new_prefix* must be set.  Returns a single network object.
+
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').supernet()
+      IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/23')
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').supernet(prefixlen_diff=2)
+      IPv4Network('192.0.0.0/22')
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.0/24').supernet(new_prefix=20)
+      IPv4Network('192.0.0.0/20')
+
+   .. method:: compare_networks(other)
+
+   Compare this network to *other*.  In this comparison only the network
+   addresses are considered; host bits aren't.  Returns either ``-1``, ``0``
+   or ``1``.
+
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.1/32').compare_networks(ip_network('192.0.2.2/32'))
+      -1
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.1/32').compare_networks(ip_network('192.0.2.0/32'))
+      1
+      >>> ip_network('192.0.2.1/32').compare_networks(ip_network('192.0.2.1/32'))
+      0
 
 
 .. class:: IPv6Network(address, strict=True)
 
-   Construct an IPv6 network.  *address* is a string or integer representing the
-   IP address (and optionally the network).  An :exc:`AddressValueError` is
-   raised if *address* is not a valid IPv6 address.  A :exc:`NetmaskValueError`
-   is raised if the netmask is not valid for an IPv6 address.
+   Construct an IPv6 network definition.  *address* can be one of the following:
+
+   1. A string consisting of an IP address and an optional mask, separated by
+      a slash (``/``).  The IP addrses is the network address, and the mask
+      can be either a single number, which means it's a *prefix*, or a string
+      representation of an IPv6 address.  If it's the latter, the mask is
+      interpreted as a *net mask*.  If no mask is provided, it's considered to
+      be ``/128``.
+
+      For example, the following *address* specifications are equivalent:
+      ``2001:db00::0/24`` and ``2001:db00::0/ffff:ff00::``.
+
+   2. An integer that fits into 128 bits.  This is equivalent to a
+      single-address network, with the network address being *address* and
+      the mask being ``/128``.
+
+   3. An integer packed into a :class:`bytes` object of length 16, bit-endian.
+      The interpretation is similar to an integer *address*.
+
+   An :exc:`AddressValueError` is raised if *address* is not a valid IPv6
+   address.  A :exc:`NetmaskValueError` is raised if the mask is not valid for
+   an IPv6 address.
 
    If *strict* is ``True`` and host bits are set in the supplied address,
-   then :exc:`ValueError` is raised. Otherwise, the host bits are masked out
+   then :exc:`ValueError` is raised.  Otherwise, the host bits are masked out
    to determine the appropriate network address.
 
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')
-   IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96').netmask
-   IPv6Address('ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::')
-   >>> ipaddress.IPv6Network('2001:db8::1000/96', strict=False)
-   IPv6Network('2001:db8::/96')
+   .. describe:: Attributes and methods
+
+   All attributes and methods implemented by :class:`IPv4Network` and by
+   :class:`IPv6Address` are also implemented by :class:`IPv6Network`.
+
+
+Operators
+^^^^^^^^^
+
+Network objects support some operators.  Unless stated otherwise, operators can
+only be applied between compatible objects (i.e. IPv4 with IPv4, IPv6 with
+IPv6).
+
+Logical operators
+"""""""""""""""""
+
+Network objects can be compared with the usual set of logical operators,
+similarly to address objects.
+
+Iteration
+"""""""""
+
+Network objects can be iterated to list all the addresses belonging to the
+network.  For iteration, *all* hosts are returned, including unusable hosts
+(for usable hosts, use the :meth:`~IPv4Network.hosts` method).  An
+example::
+
+   >>> for addr in IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/28'):
+   ...   addr
+   ...
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.0')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.1')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.2')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.3')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.4')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.5')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.6')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.7')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.8')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.9')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.10')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.11')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.12')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.13')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.14')
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.15')
+
+Networks as containers of addresses
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
+
+Network objects can act as containers of addresses.  Some examples::
+
+   >>> IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/28')[0]
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.0')
+   >>> IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/28')[15]
+   IPv4Address('192.0.2.15')
+   >>> IPv4Address('192.0.2.6') in IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/28')
+   True
+   >>> IPv4Address('192.0.3.6') in IPv4Network('192.0.2.0/28')
+   False
 
 
 Interface objects
diff --git a/Lib/ipaddress.py b/Lib/ipaddress.py
--- a/Lib/ipaddress.py
+++ b/Lib/ipaddress.py
@@ -497,6 +497,7 @@
             prefixlen = self._prefixlen
         return self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip_int_from_prefix(prefixlen))
 
+
 class _BaseAddress(_IPAddressBase):
 
     """A generic IP object.
@@ -568,9 +569,6 @@
     def __init__(self, address):
         self._cache = {}
 
-    def __int__(self):
-        return int(self.network_address)
-
     def __repr__(self):
         return '%s(%r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, str(self))
 
@@ -937,6 +935,76 @@
                                      strict=False)
         return t.__class__('%s/%d' % (t.network_address, t.prefixlen))
 
+    @property
+    def is_multicast(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is a multicast address.
+            See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_multicast and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_multicast)
+
+    @property
+    def is_reserved(self):
+        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is within one of the
+            reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_reserved and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_reserved)
+
+    @property
+    def is_link_local(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_link_local and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_link_local)
+
+    @property
+    def is_private(self):
+        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4193.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_private and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_private)
+
+    @property
+    def is_unspecified(self):
+        """Test if the address is unspecified.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
+            RFC 2373 2.5.2.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_unspecified and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_unspecified)
+
+    @property
+    def is_loopback(self):
+        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback address as defined in
+            RFC 2373 2.5.3.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_loopback and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_loopback)
+
 
 class _BaseV4:
 
@@ -1094,102 +1162,6 @@
     def version(self):
         return self._version
 
-    @property
-    def is_reserved(self):
-        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
-
-         Returns:
-             A boolean, True if the address is within the
-             reserved IPv4 Network range.
-
-        """
-        reserved_network = IPv4Network('240.0.0.0/4')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in reserved_network
-        return (self.network_address in reserved_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in reserved_network)
-
-    @property
-    def is_private(self):
-        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 1918.
-
-        """
-        private_10 = IPv4Network('10.0.0.0/8')
-        private_172 = IPv4Network('172.16.0.0/12')
-        private_192 = IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/16')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return (self in private_10 or self in private_172 or
-                    self in private_192)
-        else:
-            return ((self.network_address in private_10 and
-                     self.broadcast_address in private_10) or
-                    (self.network_address in private_172 and
-                     self.broadcast_address in private_172) or
-                    (self.network_address in private_192 and
-                     self.broadcast_address in private_192))
-
-    @property
-    def is_multicast(self):
-        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is multicast.
-            See RFC 3171 for details.
-
-        """
-        multicast_network = IPv4Network('224.0.0.0/4')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in IPv4Network('224.0.0.0/4')
-        return (self.network_address in multicast_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in multicast_network)
-
-    @property
-    def is_unspecified(self):
-        """Test if the address is unspecified.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
-            RFC 5735 3.
-
-        """
-        unspecified_address = IPv4Address('0.0.0.0')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self == unspecified_address
-        return (self.network_address == self.broadcast_address ==
-                unspecified_address)
-
-    @property
-    def is_loopback(self):
-        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback per RFC 3330.
-
-        """
-        loopback_address = IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in loopback_address
-
-        return (self.network_address in loopback_address and
-                self.broadcast_address in loopback_address)
-
-    @property
-    def is_link_local(self):
-        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is link-local per RFC 3927.
-
-        """
-        linklocal_network = IPv4Network('169.254.0.0/16')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in linklocal_network
-        return (self.network_address in linklocal_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in linklocal_network)
-
 
 class IPv4Address(_BaseV4, _BaseAddress):
 
@@ -1236,6 +1208,79 @@
         """The binary representation of this address."""
         return v4_int_to_packed(self._ip)
 
+    @property
+    def is_reserved(self):
+        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
+
+         Returns:
+             A boolean, True if the address is within the
+             reserved IPv4 Network range.
+
+        """
+        reserved_network = IPv4Network('240.0.0.0/4')
+        return self in reserved_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_private(self):
+        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 1918.
+
+        """
+        private_10 = IPv4Network('10.0.0.0/8')
+        private_172 = IPv4Network('172.16.0.0/12')
+        private_192 = IPv4Network('192.168.0.0/16')
+        return (self in private_10 or
+                self in private_172 or
+                self in private_192)
+
+    @property
+    def is_multicast(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is multicast.
+            See RFC 3171 for details.
+
+        """
+        multicast_network = IPv4Network('224.0.0.0/4')
+        return self in multicast_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_unspecified(self):
+        """Test if the address is unspecified.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
+            RFC 5735 3.
+
+        """
+        unspecified_address = IPv4Address('0.0.0.0')
+        return self == unspecified_address
+
+    @property
+    def is_loopback(self):
+        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback per RFC 3330.
+
+        """
+        loopback_network = IPv4Network('127.0.0.0/8')
+        return self in loopback_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_link_local(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is link-local per RFC 3927.
+
+        """
+        linklocal_network = IPv4Network('169.254.0.0/16')
+        return self in linklocal_network
+
 
 class IPv4Interface(IPv4Address):
 
@@ -1674,162 +1719,6 @@
     def version(self):
         return self._version
 
-    @property
-    def is_multicast(self):
-        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is a multicast address.
-            See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
-
-        """
-        multicast_network = IPv6Network('ff00::/8')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in multicast_network
-        return (self.network_address in multicast_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in multicast_network)
-
-    @property
-    def is_reserved(self):
-        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is within one of the
-            reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
-
-        """
-        reserved_networks = [IPv6Network('::/8'), IPv6Network('100::/8'),
-                             IPv6Network('200::/7'), IPv6Network('400::/6'),
-                             IPv6Network('800::/5'), IPv6Network('1000::/4'),
-                             IPv6Network('4000::/3'), IPv6Network('6000::/3'),
-                             IPv6Network('8000::/3'), IPv6Network('A000::/3'),
-                             IPv6Network('C000::/3'), IPv6Network('E000::/4'),
-                             IPv6Network('F000::/5'), IPv6Network('F800::/6'),
-                             IPv6Network('FE00::/9')]
-
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return any(self in x for x in reserved_networks)
-        return any(self.network_address in x and self.broadcast_address in x
-                   for x in reserved_networks)
-
-    @property
-    def is_link_local(self):
-        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
-
-        """
-        linklocal_network = IPv6Network('fe80::/10')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in linklocal_network
-        return (self.network_address in linklocal_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in linklocal_network)
-
-    @property
-    def is_site_local(self):
-        """Test if the address is reserved for site-local.
-
-        Note that the site-local address space has been deprecated by RFC 3879.
-        Use is_private to test if this address is in the space of unique local
-        addresses as defined by RFC 4193.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 3513 2.5.6.
-
-        """
-        sitelocal_network = IPv6Network('fec0::/10')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in sitelocal_network
-        return (self.network_address in sitelocal_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in sitelocal_network)
-
-    @property
-    def is_private(self):
-        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4193.
-
-        """
-        private_network = IPv6Network('fc00::/7')
-        if isinstance(self, _BaseAddress):
-            return self in private_network
-        return (self.network_address in private_network and
-                self.broadcast_address in private_network)
-
-    @property
-    def ipv4_mapped(self):
-        """Return the IPv4 mapped address.
-
-        Returns:
-            If the IPv6 address is a v4 mapped address, return the
-            IPv4 mapped address. Return None otherwise.
-
-        """
-        if (self._ip >> 32) != 0xFFFF:
-            return None
-        return IPv4Address(self._ip & 0xFFFFFFFF)
-
-    @property
-    def teredo(self):
-        """Tuple of embedded teredo IPs.
-
-        Returns:
-            Tuple of the (server, client) IPs or None if the address
-            doesn't appear to be a teredo address (doesn't start with
-            2001::/32)
-
-        """
-        if (self._ip >> 96) != 0x20010000:
-            return None
-        return (IPv4Address((self._ip >> 64) & 0xFFFFFFFF),
-                IPv4Address(~self._ip & 0xFFFFFFFF))
-
-    @property
-    def sixtofour(self):
-        """Return the IPv4 6to4 embedded address.
-
-        Returns:
-            The IPv4 6to4-embedded address if present or None if the
-            address doesn't appear to contain a 6to4 embedded address.
-
-        """
-        if (self._ip >> 112) != 0x2002:
-            return None
-        return IPv4Address((self._ip >> 80) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
-
-    @property
-    def is_unspecified(self):
-        """Test if the address is unspecified.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
-            RFC 2373 2.5.2.
-
-        """
-        if isinstance(self, (IPv6Network, IPv6Interface)):
-            return int(self.network_address) == 0 and getattr(
-                self, '_prefixlen', 128) == 128
-        return self._ip == 0
-
-    @property
-    def is_loopback(self):
-        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
-
-        Returns:
-            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback address as defined in
-            RFC 2373 2.5.3.
-
-        """
-        if isinstance(self, IPv6Network):
-            return int(self) == 1 and getattr(
-                self, '_prefixlen', 128) == 128
-        elif isinstance(self, IPv6Interface):
-            return int(self.network.network_address) == 1 and getattr(
-                self, '_prefixlen', 128) == 128
-        return self._ip == 1
-
 
 class IPv6Address(_BaseV6, _BaseAddress):
 
@@ -1878,6 +1767,138 @@
         """The binary representation of this address."""
         return v6_int_to_packed(self._ip)
 
+    @property
+    def is_multicast(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for multicast use.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is a multicast address.
+            See RFC 2373 2.7 for details.
+
+        """
+        multicast_network = IPv6Network('ff00::/8')
+        return self in multicast_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_reserved(self):
+        """Test if the address is otherwise IETF reserved.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is within one of the
+            reserved IPv6 Network ranges.
+
+        """
+        reserved_networks = [IPv6Network('::/8'), IPv6Network('100::/8'),
+                             IPv6Network('200::/7'), IPv6Network('400::/6'),
+                             IPv6Network('800::/5'), IPv6Network('1000::/4'),
+                             IPv6Network('4000::/3'), IPv6Network('6000::/3'),
+                             IPv6Network('8000::/3'), IPv6Network('A000::/3'),
+                             IPv6Network('C000::/3'), IPv6Network('E000::/4'),
+                             IPv6Network('F000::/5'), IPv6Network('F800::/6'),
+                             IPv6Network('FE00::/9')]
+
+        return any(self in x for x in reserved_networks)
+
+    @property
+    def is_link_local(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for link-local.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4291.
+
+        """
+        linklocal_network = IPv6Network('fe80::/10')
+        return self in linklocal_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_site_local(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for site-local.
+
+        Note that the site-local address space has been deprecated by RFC 3879.
+        Use is_private to test if this address is in the space of unique local
+        addresses as defined by RFC 4193.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 3513 2.5.6.
+
+        """
+        sitelocal_network = IPv6Network('fec0::/10')
+        return self in sitelocal_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_private(self):
+        """Test if this address is allocated for private networks.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 4193.
+
+        """
+        private_network = IPv6Network('fc00::/7')
+        return self in private_network
+
+    @property
+    def is_unspecified(self):
+        """Test if the address is unspecified.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if this is the unspecified address as defined in
+            RFC 2373 2.5.2.
+
+        """
+        return self._ip == 0
+
+    @property
+    def is_loopback(self):
+        """Test if the address is a loopback address.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is a loopback address as defined in
+            RFC 2373 2.5.3.
+
+        """
+        return self._ip == 1
+
+    @property
+    def ipv4_mapped(self):
+        """Return the IPv4 mapped address.
+
+        Returns:
+            If the IPv6 address is a v4 mapped address, return the
+            IPv4 mapped address. Return None otherwise.
+
+        """
+        if (self._ip >> 32) != 0xFFFF:
+            return None
+        return IPv4Address(self._ip & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+    @property
+    def teredo(self):
+        """Tuple of embedded teredo IPs.
+
+        Returns:
+            Tuple of the (server, client) IPs or None if the address
+            doesn't appear to be a teredo address (doesn't start with
+            2001::/32)
+
+        """
+        if (self._ip >> 96) != 0x20010000:
+            return None
+        return (IPv4Address((self._ip >> 64) & 0xFFFFFFFF),
+                IPv4Address(~self._ip & 0xFFFFFFFF))
+
+    @property
+    def sixtofour(self):
+        """Return the IPv4 6to4 embedded address.
+
+        Returns:
+            The IPv4 6to4-embedded address if present or None if the
+            address doesn't appear to contain a 6to4 embedded address.
+
+        """
+        if (self._ip >> 112) != 0x2002:
+            return None
+        return IPv4Address((self._ip >> 80) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
 
 class IPv6Interface(IPv6Address):
 
@@ -1946,6 +1967,14 @@
         return '%s/%s' % (self._string_from_ip_int(self._ip),
                           self.hostmask)
 
+    @property
+    def is_unspecified(self):
+        return self._ip == 0 and self.network.is_unspecified
+
+    @property
+    def is_loopback(self):
+        return self._ip == 1 and self.network.is_loopback
+
 
 class IPv6Network(_BaseV6, _BaseNetwork):
 
@@ -2054,3 +2083,18 @@
         except ValueError:
             return False
         return 0 <= prefixlen <= self._max_prefixlen
+
+    @property
+    def is_site_local(self):
+        """Test if the address is reserved for site-local.
+
+        Note that the site-local address space has been deprecated by RFC 3879.
+        Use is_private to test if this address is in the space of unique local
+        addresses as defined by RFC 4193.
+
+        Returns:
+            A boolean, True if the address is reserved per RFC 3513 2.5.6.
+
+        """
+        return (self.network_address.is_site_local and
+                self.broadcast_address.is_site_local)
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
--- a/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ipaddress.py
@@ -647,8 +647,8 @@
 
         ipv4 = ipaddress.ip_network('1.2.3.4')
         ipv6 = ipaddress.ip_network('2001:658:22a:cafe:200:0:0:1')
-        self.assertEqual(ipv4, ipaddress.ip_network(int(ipv4)))
-        self.assertEqual(ipv6, ipaddress.ip_network(int(ipv6)))
+        self.assertEqual(ipv4, ipaddress.ip_network(int(ipv4.network_address)))
+        self.assertEqual(ipv6, ipaddress.ip_network(int(ipv6.network_address)))
 
         v6_int = 42540616829182469433547762482097946625
         self.assertEqual(self.ipv6_interface._ip,

-- 
Repository URL: http://hg.python.org/cpython


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