[issue21955] ceval.c: implement fast path for integers with a single digit

[Case Van Horsen]

Case Van Horsen added the comment:

I ran the mpmath test suite with the fastint6 and fastint5_4 patches.

fastint6 results

without gmpy: 0.25% faster
with gmpy: 3% slower

fastint5_4 results

without gmpy: 1.5% slower
with gmpy: 5.5% slower

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