[pypy-commit] pypy py3k: merge default

pjenvey noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Thu Nov 14 05:38:30 CET 2013


Author: Philip Jenvey <pjenvey at underboss.org>
Branch: py3k
Changeset: r68013:f9c10dfe0d96
Date: 2013-11-13 19:47 -0800
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/f9c10dfe0d96/

Log:	merge default

diff too long, truncating to 2000 out of 23611 lines

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,7 +1,38 @@
 
 all: pypy-c
 
+PYPY_EXECUTABLE := $(shell which pypy)
+URAM := $(shell python -c "import sys; print 4.5 if sys.maxint>1<<32 else 2.5")
+
+ifeq ($(PYPY_EXECUTABLE),)
+RUNINTERP = python
+else
+RUNINTERP = $(PYPY_EXECUTABLE)
+endif
+
 pypy-c:
-	@echo "Building PyPy with JIT, it'll take about 40 minutes and 4G of RAM"
-	@sleep 3
-	rpython/bin/rpython -Ojit pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
+	@echo
+	@echo "===================================================================="
+ifeq ($(PYPY_EXECUTABLE),)
+	@echo "Building a regular (jitting) version of PyPy, using CPython."
+	@echo "This takes around 2 hours and $(URAM) GB of RAM."
+	@echo "Note that pre-installing a PyPy binary would reduce this time"
+	@echo "and produce basically the same result."
+else
+	@echo "Building a regular (jitting) version of PyPy, using"
+	@echo "$(PYPY_EXECUTABLE) to run the translation itself."
+	@echo "This takes up to 1 hour and $(URAM) GB of RAM."
+endif
+	@echo
+	@echo "For more control (e.g. to use multiple CPU cores during part of"
+	@echo "the process) you need to run \`\`rpython/bin/rpython'' directly."
+	@echo "For more information see \`\`http://pypy.org/download.html''."
+	@echo "===================================================================="
+	@echo
+	@sleep 5
+	$(RUNINTERP) rpython/bin/rpython -Ojit pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
+
+# Note: the -jN option, or MAKEFLAGS=-jN, are not usable.  They are
+# replaced with an opaque --jobserver option by the time this Makefile
+# runs.  We cannot get their original value either:
+# http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/help-make/2010-08/msg00106.html
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 =====================================
-PyPy: Python in Python Implementation 
+PyPy: Python in Python Implementation
 =====================================
 
 Welcome to PyPy!
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@
 Building
 ========
 
-build with::
+build with:
 
-  rpython/bin/rpython -Ojit pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ rpython/bin/rpython -Ojit pypy/goal/targetpypystandalone.py
 
 This ends up with ``pypy-c`` binary in the main pypy directory. We suggest
 to use virtualenv with the resulting pypy-c as the interpreter, you can
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/json/encoder.py b/lib-python/2.7/json/encoder.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/json/encoder.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/json/encoder.py
@@ -4,6 +4,21 @@
 
 from __pypy__.builders import StringBuilder, UnicodeBuilder
 
+class StringOrUnicodeBuilder(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._builder = StringBuilder()
+    def append(self, string):
+        try:
+            self._builder.append(string)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            ub = UnicodeBuilder()
+            ub.append(self._builder.build())
+            self._builder = ub
+            ub.append(string)
+    def build(self):
+        return self._builder.build()
+
+
 ESCAPE = re.compile(r'[\x00-\x1f\\"\b\f\n\r\t]')
 ESCAPE_ASCII = re.compile(r'([\\"]|[^\ -~])')
 HAS_UTF8 = re.compile(r'[\x80-\xff]')
@@ -192,7 +207,7 @@
         if self.ensure_ascii:
             builder = StringBuilder()
         else:
-            builder = UnicodeBuilder()
+            builder = StringOrUnicodeBuilder()
         self.__encode(o, markers, builder, 0)
         return builder.build()
 
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/string.py b/lib-python/2.7/string.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/string.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/string.py
@@ -66,16 +66,17 @@
     must be of the same length.
 
     """
-    if len(fromstr) != len(tostr):
+    n = len(fromstr)
+    if n != len(tostr):
         raise ValueError, "maketrans arguments must have same length"
-    global _idmapL
-    if not _idmapL:
-        _idmapL = list(_idmap)
-    L = _idmapL[:]
-    fromstr = map(ord, fromstr)
-    for i in range(len(fromstr)):
-        L[fromstr[i]] = tostr[i]
-    return ''.join(L)
+    # this function has been rewritten to suit PyPy better; it is
+    # almost 10x faster than the original.
+    buf = bytearray(256)
+    for i in range(256):
+        buf[i] = i
+    for i in range(n):
+        buf[ord(fromstr[i])] = tostr[i]
+    return str(buf)
 
 
 
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/weakref.py b/lib-python/2.7/weakref.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/weakref.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/weakref.py
@@ -48,7 +48,14 @@
         def remove(wr, selfref=ref(self)):
             self = selfref()
             if self is not None:
-                del self.data[wr.key]
+                # Changed this for PyPy: made more resistent.  The
+                # issue is that in some corner cases, self.data
+                # might already be changed or removed by the time
+                # this weakref's callback is called.  If that is
+                # the case, we don't want to randomly kill an
+                # unrelated entry.
+                if self.data.get(wr.key) is wr:
+                    del self.data[wr.key]
         self._remove = remove
         UserDict.UserDict.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
 
@@ -160,22 +167,26 @@
         try:
             o = self.data.pop(key)()
         except KeyError:
+            o = None
+        if o is None:
             if args:
                 return args[0]
-            raise
-        if o is None:
             raise KeyError, key
         else:
             return o
+        # The logic above was fixed in PyPy
 
     def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
         try:
-            wr = self.data[key]
+            o = self.data[key]()
         except KeyError:
+            o = None
+        if o is None:
             self.data[key] = KeyedRef(default, self._remove, key)
             return default
         else:
-            return wr()
+            return o
+        # The logic above was fixed in PyPy
 
     def update(self, dict=None, **kwargs):
         d = self.data
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info b/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi.egg-info
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 Metadata-Version: 1.0
 Name: cffi
-Version: 0.7
+Version: 0.8
 Summary: Foreign Function Interface for Python calling C code.
 Home-page: http://cffi.readthedocs.org
 Author: Armin Rigo, Maciej Fijalkowski
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/__init__.py
@@ -4,5 +4,5 @@
 from .api import FFI, CDefError, FFIError
 from .ffiplatform import VerificationError, VerificationMissing
 
-__version__ = "0.7.2"
-__version_info__ = (0, 7, 2)
+__version__ = "0.8"
+__version_info__ = (0, 8)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/api.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/api.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/api.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/api.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import types
+from .lock import allocate_lock
 
 try:
     callable
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@
             # rely on it!  It's probably not going to work well.)
 
         self._backend = backend
+        self._lock = allocate_lock()
         self._parser = cparser.Parser()
         self._cached_btypes = {}
         self._parsed_types = types.ModuleType('parsed_types').__dict__
@@ -74,7 +76,8 @@
             if name.startswith('RTLD_'):
                 setattr(self, name, getattr(backend, name))
         #
-        self.BVoidP = self._get_cached_btype(model.voidp_type)
+        with self._lock:
+            self.BVoidP = self._get_cached_btype(model.voidp_type)
         if isinstance(backend, types.ModuleType):
             # _cffi_backend: attach these constants to the class
             if not hasattr(FFI, 'NULL'):
@@ -95,11 +98,12 @@
             if not isinstance(csource, basestring):
                 raise TypeError("cdef() argument must be a string")
             csource = csource.encode('ascii')
-        self._parser.parse(csource, override=override)
-        self._cdefsources.append(csource)
-        if override:
-            for cache in self._function_caches:
-                cache.clear()
+        with self._lock:
+            self._parser.parse(csource, override=override)
+            self._cdefsources.append(csource)
+            if override:
+                for cache in self._function_caches:
+                    cache.clear()
 
     def dlopen(self, name, flags=0):
         """Load and return a dynamic library identified by 'name'.
@@ -109,31 +113,47 @@
         library we only look for the actual (untyped) symbols.
         """
         assert isinstance(name, basestring) or name is None
-        lib, function_cache = _make_ffi_library(self, name, flags)
-        self._function_caches.append(function_cache)
-        self._libraries.append(lib)
+        with self._lock:
+            lib, function_cache = _make_ffi_library(self, name, flags)
+            self._function_caches.append(function_cache)
+            self._libraries.append(lib)
         return lib
 
+    def _typeof_locked(self, cdecl):
+        # call me with the lock!
+        key = cdecl
+        if key in self._parsed_types:
+            return self._parsed_types[key]
+        #
+        if not isinstance(cdecl, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
+            cdecl = cdecl.encode('ascii')
+        #
+        type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl)
+        really_a_function_type = type.is_raw_function
+        if really_a_function_type:
+            type = type.as_function_pointer()
+        btype = self._get_cached_btype(type)
+        result = btype, really_a_function_type
+        self._parsed_types[key] = result
+        return result
+
     def _typeof(self, cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
         # string -> ctype object
         try:
-            btype, cfaf = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
-            if consider_function_as_funcptr and not cfaf:
-                raise KeyError
+            result = self._parsed_types[cdecl]
         except KeyError:
-            key = cdecl
-            if not isinstance(cdecl, str):    # unicode, on Python 2
-                cdecl = cdecl.encode('ascii')
-            cfaf = consider_function_as_funcptr
-            type = self._parser.parse_type(cdecl,
-                       consider_function_as_funcptr=cfaf)
-            btype = self._get_cached_btype(type)
-            self._parsed_types[key] = btype, cfaf
+            with self._lock:
+                result = self._typeof_locked(cdecl)
+        #
+        btype, really_a_function_type = result
+        if really_a_function_type and not consider_function_as_funcptr:
+            raise CDefError("the type %r is a function type, not a "
+                            "pointer-to-function type" % (cdecl,))
         return btype
 
     def typeof(self, cdecl):
         """Parse the C type given as a string and return the
-        corresponding Python type: <class 'ffi.CData<...>'>.
+        corresponding <ctype> object.
         It can also be used on 'cdata' instance to get its C type.
         """
         if isinstance(cdecl, basestring):
@@ -144,6 +164,10 @@
             res = _builtin_function_type(cdecl)
             if res is not None:
                 return res
+        if (isinstance(cdecl, types.FunctionType)
+                and hasattr(cdecl, '_cffi_base_type')):
+            with self._lock:
+                return self._get_cached_btype(cdecl._cffi_base_type)
         raise TypeError(type(cdecl))
 
     def sizeof(self, cdecl):
@@ -280,14 +304,17 @@
         data.  Later, when this new cdata object is garbage-collected,
         'destructor(old_cdata_object)' will be called.
         """
-        try:
-            gc_weakrefs = self.gc_weakrefs
-        except AttributeError:
-            from .gc_weakref import GcWeakrefs
-            gc_weakrefs = self.gc_weakrefs = GcWeakrefs(self)
-        return gc_weakrefs.build(cdata, destructor)
+        with self._lock:
+            try:
+                gc_weakrefs = self.gc_weakrefs
+            except AttributeError:
+                from .gc_weakref import GcWeakrefs
+                gc_weakrefs = self.gc_weakrefs = GcWeakrefs(self)
+            return gc_weakrefs.build(cdata, destructor)
 
     def _get_cached_btype(self, type):
+        assert self._lock.acquire(False) is False
+        # call me with the lock!
         try:
             BType = self._cached_btypes[type]
         except KeyError:
@@ -322,7 +349,8 @@
 
     def _pointer_to(self, ctype):
         from . import model
-        return model.pointer_cache(self, ctype)
+        with self._lock:
+            return model.pointer_cache(self, ctype)
 
     def addressof(self, cdata, field=None):
         """Return the address of a <cdata 'struct-or-union'>.
@@ -342,10 +370,12 @@
         variables, which must anyway be accessed directly from the
         lib object returned by the original FFI instance.
         """
-        self._parser.include(ffi_to_include._parser)
-        self._cdefsources.append('[')
-        self._cdefsources.extend(ffi_to_include._cdefsources)
-        self._cdefsources.append(']')
+        with ffi_to_include._lock:
+            with self._lock:
+                self._parser.include(ffi_to_include._parser)
+                self._cdefsources.append('[')
+                self._cdefsources.extend(ffi_to_include._cdefsources)
+                self._cdefsources.append(']')
 
     def new_handle(self, x):
         return self._backend.newp_handle(self.BVoidP, x)
@@ -372,7 +402,7 @@
         backendlib = backend.load_library(path, flags)
     copied_enums = []
     #
-    def make_accessor(name):
+    def make_accessor_locked(name):
         key = 'function ' + name
         if key in ffi._parser._declarations:
             tp = ffi._parser._declarations[key]
@@ -404,11 +434,17 @@
                     if enumname not in library.__dict__:
                         library.__dict__[enumname] = enumval
             copied_enums.append(True)
+            if name in library.__dict__:
+                return
         #
-        if name in library.__dict__:   # copied from an enum value just above,
-            return                     # or multithread's race condition
         raise AttributeError(name)
     #
+    def make_accessor(name):
+        with ffi._lock:
+            if name in library.__dict__ or name in FFILibrary.__dict__:
+                return    # added by another thread while waiting for the lock
+            make_accessor_locked(name)
+    #
     class FFILibrary(object):
         def __getattr__(self, name):
             make_accessor(name)
@@ -444,4 +480,5 @@
     except (KeyError, AttributeError, TypeError):
         return None
     else:
-        return ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+        with ffi._lock:
+            return ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/cparser.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/cparser.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/cparser.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/cparser.py
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
                 if 1 <= linenum <= len(csourcelines):
                     line = csourcelines[linenum-1]
         if line:
-            msg = 'cannot parse "%s"\n%s' % (line, msg)
+            msg = 'cannot parse "%s"\n%s' % (line.strip(), msg)
         else:
             msg = 'parse error\n%s' % (msg,)
         raise api.CDefError(msg)
@@ -217,19 +217,18 @@
             #
             if decl.name:
                 tp = self._get_type(node, partial_length_ok=True)
-                if self._is_constant_declaration(node):
+                if self._is_constant_globalvar(node):
                     self._declare('constant ' + decl.name, tp)
                 else:
                     self._declare('variable ' + decl.name, tp)
 
-    def parse_type(self, cdecl, consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
+    def parse_type(self, cdecl):
         ast, macros = self._parse('void __dummy(\n%s\n);' % cdecl)
         assert not macros
         exprnode = ast.ext[-1].type.args.params[0]
         if isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID):
             raise api.CDefError("unknown identifier '%s'" % (exprnode.name,))
-        return self._get_type(exprnode.type,
-                     consider_function_as_funcptr=consider_function_as_funcptr)
+        return self._get_type(exprnode.type)
 
     def _declare(self, name, obj):
         if name in self._declarations:
@@ -249,28 +248,17 @@
             return model.ConstPointerType(type)
         return model.PointerType(type)
 
-    def _get_type(self, typenode, convert_array_to_pointer=False,
-                  name=None, partial_length_ok=False,
-                  consider_function_as_funcptr=False):
+    def _get_type(self, typenode, name=None, partial_length_ok=False):
         # first, dereference typedefs, if we have it already parsed, we're good
         if (isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl) and
             isinstance(typenode.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType) and
             len(typenode.type.names) == 1 and
             ('typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]) in self._declarations):
             type = self._declarations['typedef ' + typenode.type.names[0]]
-            if isinstance(type, model.ArrayType):
-                if convert_array_to_pointer:
-                    return type.item
-            else:
-                if (consider_function_as_funcptr and
-                        isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType)):
-                    return type.as_function_pointer()
             return type
         #
         if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.ArrayDecl):
             # array type
-            if convert_array_to_pointer:
-                return self._get_type_pointer(self._get_type(typenode.type))
             if typenode.dim is None:
                 length = None
             else:
@@ -331,10 +319,7 @@
         #
         if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.FuncDecl):
             # a function type
-            result = self._parse_function_type(typenode, name)
-            if consider_function_as_funcptr:
-                result = result.as_function_pointer()
-            return result
+            return self._parse_function_type(typenode, name)
         #
         # nested anonymous structs or unions end up here
         if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.Struct):
@@ -365,21 +350,24 @@
             isinstance(params[0].type.type, pycparser.c_ast.IdentifierType)
                 and list(params[0].type.type.names) == ['void']):
             del params[0]
-        args = [self._get_type(argdeclnode.type,
-                               convert_array_to_pointer=True,
-                               consider_function_as_funcptr=True)
+        args = [self._as_func_arg(self._get_type(argdeclnode.type))
                 for argdeclnode in params]
         result = self._get_type(typenode.type)
         return model.RawFunctionType(tuple(args), result, ellipsis)
 
-    def _is_constant_declaration(self, typenode, const=False):
-        if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.ArrayDecl):
-            return self._is_constant_declaration(typenode.type)
+    def _as_func_arg(self, type):
+        if isinstance(type, model.ArrayType):
+            return model.PointerType(type.item)
+        elif isinstance(type, model.RawFunctionType):
+            return type.as_function_pointer()
+        else:
+            return type
+
+    def _is_constant_globalvar(self, typenode):
         if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.PtrDecl):
-            const = 'const' in typenode.quals
-            return self._is_constant_declaration(typenode.type, const)
+            return 'const' in typenode.quals
         if isinstance(typenode, pycparser.c_ast.TypeDecl):
-            return const or 'const' in typenode.quals
+            return 'const' in typenode.quals
         return False
 
     def _get_struct_union_enum_type(self, kind, type, name=None, nested=False):
@@ -491,7 +479,7 @@
         return tp
 
     def _make_partial(self, tp, nested):
-        if not isinstance(tp, model.StructType):
+        if not isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion):
             raise api.CDefError("%s cannot be partial" % (tp,))
         if not tp.has_c_name() and not nested:
             raise NotImplementedError("%s is partial but has no C name" %(tp,))
@@ -511,7 +499,7 @@
             if (isinstance(exprnode, pycparser.c_ast.ID) and
                     exprnode.name == '__dotdotdotarray__'):
                 self._partial_length = True
-                return None
+                return '...'
         #
         raise api.FFIError("unsupported expression: expected a "
                            "simple numeric constant")
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/gc_weakref.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/gc_weakref.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/gc_weakref.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/gc_weakref.py
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@
 
     def build(self, cdata, destructor):
         # make a new cdata of the same type as the original one
-        new_cdata = self.ffi.cast(self.ffi.typeof(cdata), cdata)
+        new_cdata = self.ffi.cast(self.ffi._backend.typeof(cdata), cdata)
         self.data[ref(new_cdata, self.remove)] = destructor, cdata
         return new_cdata
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/lock.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/lock.py
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/lock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3,):
+    try:
+        from thread import allocate_lock
+    except ImportError:
+        from dummy_thread import allocate_lock
+else:
+    try:
+        from _thread import allocate_lock
+    except ImportError:
+        from _dummy_thread import allocate_lock
+
+
+##import sys
+##l1 = allocate_lock
+
+##class allocate_lock(object):
+##    def __init__(self):
+##        self._real = l1()
+##    def __enter__(self):
+##        for i in range(4, 0, -1):
+##            print sys._getframe(i).f_code
+##        print
+##        return self._real.__enter__()
+##    def __exit__(self, *args):
+##        return self._real.__exit__(*args)
+##    def acquire(self, f):
+##        assert f is False
+##        return self._real.acquire(f)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/model.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/model.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/model.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/model.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 import weakref
+from .lock import allocate_lock
+
 
 class BaseTypeByIdentity(object):
     is_array_type = False
+    is_raw_function = False
 
     def get_c_name(self, replace_with='', context='a C file'):
         result = self.c_name_with_marker
@@ -146,6 +149,7 @@
     # a function, but not a pointer-to-function.  The backend has no
     # notion of such a type; it's used temporarily by parsing.
     _base_pattern = '(&)(%s)'
+    is_raw_function = True
 
     def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
         from . import api
@@ -192,10 +196,6 @@
     _base_pattern       = " const *&"
     _base_pattern_array = "(const *&)"
 
-    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
-        BPtr = PointerType(self.totype).get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
-        return BPtr
-
 const_voidp_type = ConstPointerType(void_type)
 
 
@@ -216,10 +216,12 @@
         self.item = item
         self.length = length
         #
-        if self.length is None:
+        if length is None:
             brackets = '&[]'
+        elif length == '...':
+            brackets = '&[/*...*/]'
         else:
-            brackets = '&[%d]' % self.length
+            brackets = '&[%d]' % length
         self.c_name_with_marker = (
             self.item.c_name_with_marker.replace('&', brackets))
 
@@ -227,6 +229,10 @@
         return ArrayType(self.item, newlength)
 
     def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
+        if self.length == '...':
+            from . import api
+            raise api.CDefError("cannot render the type %r: unknown length" %
+                                (self,))
         self.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)   # force the item BType
         BPtrItem = PointerType(self.item).get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
         return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_array_type', BPtrItem, self.length)
@@ -252,6 +258,7 @@
 class StructOrUnion(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
     fixedlayout = None
     completed = False
+    partial = False
 
     def __init__(self, name, fldnames, fldtypes, fldbitsize):
         self.name = name
@@ -303,20 +310,21 @@
             return    # not completing it: it's an opaque struct
         #
         self.completed = 1
-        fldtypes = tuple(tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
-                         for tp in self.fldtypes)
         #
         if self.fixedlayout is None:
+            fldtypes = [tp.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+                        for tp in self.fldtypes]
             lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize))
             ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self)
             #
         else:
+            fldtypes = []
             fieldofs, fieldsize, totalsize, totalalignment = self.fixedlayout
             for i in range(len(self.fldnames)):
                 fsize = fieldsize[i]
                 ftype = self.fldtypes[i]
                 #
-                if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length == '...':
                     # fix the length to match the total size
                     BItemType = ftype.item.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
                     nlen, nrest = divmod(fsize, ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
@@ -327,18 +335,20 @@
                     ftype = ftype.resolve_length(nlen)
                     self.fldtypes = (self.fldtypes[:i] + (ftype,) +
                                      self.fldtypes[i+1:])
-                    BArrayType = ftype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
-                    fldtypes = (fldtypes[:i] + (BArrayType,) +
-                                fldtypes[i+1:])
-                    continue
                 #
-                bitemsize = ffi.sizeof(fldtypes[i])
-                if bitemsize != fsize:
-                    self._verification_error(
-                        "field '%s.%s' is declared as %d bytes, but is "
-                        "really %d bytes" % (self.name,
-                                             self.fldnames[i] or '{}',
-                                             bitemsize, fsize))
+                BFieldType = ftype.get_cached_btype(ffi, finishlist)
+                if isinstance(ftype, ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                    assert fsize == 0
+                else:
+                    bitemsize = ffi.sizeof(BFieldType)
+                    if bitemsize != fsize:
+                        self._verification_error(
+                            "field '%s.%s' is declared as %d bytes, but is "
+                            "really %d bytes" % (self.name,
+                                                 self.fldnames[i] or '{}',
+                                                 bitemsize, fsize))
+                fldtypes.append(BFieldType)
+            #
             lst = list(zip(self.fldnames, fldtypes, self.fldbitsize, fieldofs))
             ffi._backend.complete_struct_or_union(BType, lst, self,
                                                   totalsize, totalalignment)
@@ -348,11 +358,6 @@
         from .ffiplatform import VerificationError
         raise VerificationError(msg)
 
-
-class StructType(StructOrUnion):
-    kind = 'struct'
-    partial = False
-
     def check_not_partial(self):
         if self.partial and self.fixedlayout is None:
             from . import ffiplatform
@@ -361,19 +366,18 @@
     def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
         self.check_not_partial()
         finishlist.append(self)
-        
-        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_struct_type',
+        #
+        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_%s_type' % self.kind,
                             self.get_official_name(), key=self)
 
 
+class StructType(StructOrUnion):
+    kind = 'struct'
+
+
 class UnionType(StructOrUnion):
     kind = 'union'
 
-    def build_backend_type(self, ffi, finishlist):
-        finishlist.append(self)
-        return global_cache(self, ffi, 'new_union_type',
-                            self.get_official_name(), key=self)
-
 
 class EnumType(StructOrUnionOrEnum):
     kind = 'enum'
@@ -387,6 +391,12 @@
         self.baseinttype = baseinttype
         self.build_c_name_with_marker()
 
+    def force_the_name(self, forcename):
+        StructOrUnionOrEnum.force_the_name(self, forcename)
+        if self.forcename is None:
+            name = self.get_official_name()
+            self.forcename = '$' + name.replace(' ', '_')
+
     def check_not_partial(self):
         if self.partial and not self.partial_resolved:
             from . import ffiplatform
@@ -444,6 +454,9 @@
     tp = StructType(structname, None, None, None)
     return NamedPointerType(tp, name)
 
+
+global_lock = allocate_lock()
+
 def global_cache(srctype, ffi, funcname, *args, **kwds):
     key = kwds.pop('key', (funcname, args))
     assert not kwds
@@ -464,8 +477,17 @@
         res = getattr(ffi._backend, funcname)(*args)
     except NotImplementedError as e:
         raise NotImplementedError("%r: %s" % (srctype, e))
-    ffi._backend.__typecache[key] = res
-    return res
+    # note that setdefault() on WeakValueDictionary is not atomic
+    # and contains a rare bug (http://bugs.python.org/issue19542);
+    # we have to use a lock and do it ourselves
+    cache = ffi._backend.__typecache
+    with global_lock:
+        res1 = cache.get(key)
+        if res1 is None:
+            cache[key] = res
+            return res
+        else:
+            return res1
 
 def pointer_cache(ffi, BType):
     return global_cache('?', ffi, 'new_pointer_type', BType)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_cpy.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_cpy.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_cpy.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_cpy.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     def patch_extension_kwds(self, kwds):
         pass
 
-    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffix):
+    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
         try:
             f, filename, descr = imp.find_module(module_name, path)
         except ImportError:
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
         # Note that after a setuptools installation, there are both .py
         # and .so files with the same basename.  The code here relies on
         # imp.find_module() locating the .so in priority.
-        if descr[0] != so_suffix:
+        if descr[0] not in so_suffixes:
             return None
         return filename
 
@@ -160,7 +160,10 @@
             def __dir__(self):
                 return FFILibrary._cffi_dir + list(self.__dict__)
         library = FFILibrary()
-        module._cffi_setup(lst, ffiplatform.VerificationError, library)
+        if module._cffi_setup(lst, ffiplatform.VerificationError, library):
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn("reimporting %r might overwrite older definitions"
+                          % (self.verifier.get_module_name()))
         #
         # finally, call the loaded_cpy_xxx() functions.  This will perform
         # the final adjustments, like copying the Python->C wrapper
@@ -280,8 +283,8 @@
             return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
                 var, self._gettypenum(tp))
         elif isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
-            return '_cffi_from_c_deref((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
-                var, self._gettypenum(tp))
+            return '_cffi_from_c_pointer((char *)%s, _cffi_type(%d))' % (
+                var, self._gettypenum(model.PointerType(tp.item)))
         elif isinstance(tp, model.StructType):
             if tp.fldnames is None:
                 raise TypeError("'%s' is used as %s, but is opaque" % (
@@ -464,11 +467,14 @@
         prnt('  static Py_ssize_t nums[] = {')
         prnt('    sizeof(%s),' % cname)
         prnt('    offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
-        for fname, _, fbitsize in tp.enumfields():
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize in tp.enumfields():
             if fbitsize >= 0:
                 continue      # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
             prnt('    offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
-            prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
+            if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                prnt('    0,  /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
+            else:
+                prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
         prnt('    -1')
         prnt('  };')
         prnt('  return _cffi_get_struct_layout(nums);')
@@ -491,7 +497,7 @@
         #
         function = getattr(module, layoutfuncname)
         layout = function()
-        if isinstance(tp, model.StructType) and tp.partial:
+        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
             # use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
             # layout of the struct
             totalsize = layout[0]
@@ -528,9 +534,10 @@
                     continue        # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
                 check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
                       "wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
-                BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
-                check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
-                      "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
+                if layout[i+1] != 0:
+                    BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
+                    check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
+                          "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
                 i += 2
             assert i == len(layout)
 
@@ -566,7 +573,7 @@
     # constants, likely declared with '#define'
 
     def _generate_cpy_const(self, is_int, name, tp=None, category='const',
-                            vartp=None, delayed=True):
+                            vartp=None, delayed=True, size_too=False):
         prnt = self._prnt
         funcname = '_cffi_%s_%s' % (category, name)
         prnt('static int %s(PyObject *lib)' % funcname)
@@ -597,6 +604,15 @@
                  '(unsigned long long)(%s));' % (name,))
         prnt('  if (o == NULL)')
         prnt('    return -1;')
+        if size_too:
+            prnt('  {')
+            prnt('    PyObject *o1 = o;')
+            prnt('    o = Py_BuildValue("On", o1, (Py_ssize_t)sizeof(%s));'
+                 % (name,))
+            prnt('    Py_DECREF(o1);')
+            prnt('    if (o == NULL)')
+            prnt('      return -1;')
+            prnt('  }')
         prnt('  res = PyObject_SetAttrString(lib, "%s", o);' % name)
         prnt('  Py_DECREF(o);')
         prnt('  if (res < 0)')
@@ -633,12 +649,23 @@
         prnt('static int %s(PyObject *lib)' % funcname)
         prnt('{')
         for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
-            prnt('  if (%s != %d) {' % (enumerator, enumvalue))
+            if enumvalue < 0:
+                prnt('  if ((%s) >= 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
+                    enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+            else:
+                prnt('  if ((%s) < 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
+                    enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+            prnt('    char buf[64];')
+            prnt('    if ((%s) < 0)' % enumerator)
+            prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % enumerator)
+            prnt('    else')
+            prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
+                 enumerator)
             prnt('    PyErr_Format(_cffi_VerificationError,')
-            prnt('                 "enum %s: %s has the real value %d, '
-                 'not %d",')
-            prnt('                 "%s", "%s", (int)%s, %d);' % (
-                name, enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+            prnt('                 "enum %s: %s has the real value %s, '
+                 'not %s",')
+            prnt('                 "%s", "%s", buf, "%d");' % (
+                name, enumerator, enumvalue))
             prnt('    return -1;')
             prnt('  }')
         prnt('  return %s;' % self._chained_list_constants[True])
@@ -677,15 +704,16 @@
 
     def _generate_cpy_variable_collecttype(self, tp, name):
         if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
-            self._do_collect_type(tp)
+            tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
         else:
             tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
-            self._do_collect_type(tp_ptr)
+        self._do_collect_type(tp_ptr)
 
     def _generate_cpy_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
         if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
             tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
-            self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp, vartp=tp_ptr)
+            self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp, vartp=tp_ptr,
+                                     size_too = (tp.length == '...'))
         else:
             tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp)
             self._generate_cpy_const(False, name, tp_ptr, category='var')
@@ -694,11 +722,29 @@
     _loading_cpy_variable = _loaded_noop
 
     def _loaded_cpy_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
+        value = getattr(library, name)
         if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):   # int a[5] is "constant" in the
-            return                            # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
+                                              # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
+            if tp.length == '...':
+                assert isinstance(value, tuple)
+                (value, size) = value
+                BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
+                length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
+                if rest != 0:
+                    raise ffiplatform.VerificationError(
+                        "bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
+                        (name, tp.item))
+                tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
+            # 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
+            # a <cdata 'type[N]'> if the N is actually known
+            if tp.length is not None:
+                BArray = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
+                value = self.ffi.cast(BArray, value)
+                setattr(library, name, value)
+            return
         # remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
         # it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
-        ptr = getattr(library, name)
+        ptr = value
         delattr(library, name)
         def getter(library):
             return ptr[0]
@@ -711,12 +757,9 @@
 
     def _generate_setup_custom(self):
         prnt = self._prnt
-        prnt('static PyObject *_cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib)')
+        prnt('static int _cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib)')
         prnt('{')
-        prnt('  if (%s < 0)' % self._chained_list_constants[True])
-        prnt('    return NULL;')
-        prnt('  Py_INCREF(Py_None);')
-        prnt('  return Py_None;')
+        prnt('  return %s;' % self._chained_list_constants[True])
         prnt('}')
 
 cffimod_header = r'''
@@ -834,17 +877,20 @@
 static void *_cffi_exports[_CFFI_NUM_EXPORTS];
 static PyObject *_cffi_types, *_cffi_VerificationError;
 
-static PyObject *_cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib);   /* forward */
+static int _cffi_setup_custom(PyObject *lib);   /* forward */
 
 static PyObject *_cffi_setup(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
 {
     PyObject *library;
+    int was_alive = (_cffi_types != NULL);
     if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &_cffi_types, &_cffi_VerificationError,
                                        &library))
         return NULL;
     Py_INCREF(_cffi_types);
     Py_INCREF(_cffi_VerificationError);
-    return _cffi_setup_custom(library);
+    if (_cffi_setup_custom(library) < 0)
+        return NULL;
+    return PyBool_FromLong(was_alive);
 }
 
 static void _cffi_init(void)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_gen.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_gen.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_gen.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/vengine_gen.py
@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
         # up in kwds['export_symbols'].
         kwds.setdefault('export_symbols', self.export_symbols)
 
-    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffix):
-        basename = module_name + so_suffix
-        if path is None:
-            path = sys.path
-        for dirname in path:
-            filename = os.path.join(dirname, basename)
-            if os.path.isfile(filename):
-                return filename
-        return None
+    def find_module(self, module_name, path, so_suffixes):
+        for so_suffix in so_suffixes:
+            basename = module_name + so_suffix
+            if path is None:
+                path = sys.path
+            for dirname in path:
+                filename = os.path.join(dirname, basename)
+                if os.path.isfile(filename):
+                    return filename
 
     def collect_types(self):
         pass      # not needed in the generic engine
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@
             newfunction = self._load_constant(False, tp, name, module)
         else:
             indirections = []
+            base_tp = tp
             if any(isinstance(typ, model.StructOrUnion) for typ in tp.args):
                 indirect_args = []
                 for i, typ in enumerate(tp.args):
@@ -186,16 +187,18 @@
             wrappername = '_cffi_f_%s' % name
             newfunction = module.load_function(BFunc, wrappername)
             for i, typ in indirections:
-                newfunction = self._make_struct_wrapper(newfunction, i, typ)
+                newfunction = self._make_struct_wrapper(newfunction, i, typ,
+                                                        base_tp)
         setattr(library, name, newfunction)
         type(library)._cffi_dir.append(name)
 
-    def _make_struct_wrapper(self, oldfunc, i, tp):
+    def _make_struct_wrapper(self, oldfunc, i, tp, base_tp):
         backend = self.ffi._backend
         BType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp)
         def newfunc(*args):
             args = args[:i] + (backend.newp(BType, args[i]),) + args[i+1:]
             return oldfunc(*args)
+        newfunc._cffi_base_type = base_tp
         return newfunc
 
     # ----------
@@ -252,11 +255,14 @@
         prnt('  static ssize_t nums[] = {')
         prnt('    sizeof(%s),' % cname)
         prnt('    offsetof(struct _cffi_aligncheck, y),')
-        for fname, _, fbitsize in tp.enumfields():
+        for fname, ftype, fbitsize in tp.enumfields():
             if fbitsize >= 0:
                 continue      # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
             prnt('    offsetof(%s, %s),' % (cname, fname))
-            prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
+            if isinstance(ftype, model.ArrayType) and ftype.length is None:
+                prnt('    0,  /* %s */' % ftype._get_c_name())
+            else:
+                prnt('    sizeof(((%s *)0)->%s),' % (cname, fname))
         prnt('    -1')
         prnt('  };')
         prnt('  return nums[i];')
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@
             return     # nothing to do with opaque structs
         layoutfuncname = '_cffi_layout_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
         #
-        BFunc = self.ffi.typeof("ssize_t(*)(ssize_t)")
+        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("ssize_t(*)(ssize_t)")[0]
         function = module.load_function(BFunc, layoutfuncname)
         layout = []
         num = 0
@@ -279,7 +285,7 @@
             if x < 0: break
             layout.append(x)
             num += 1
-        if isinstance(tp, model.StructType) and tp.partial:
+        if isinstance(tp, model.StructOrUnion) and tp.partial:
             # use the function()'s sizes and offsets to guide the
             # layout of the struct
             totalsize = layout[0]
@@ -316,9 +322,10 @@
                     continue        # xxx ignore fbitsize for now
                 check(layout[i], ffi.offsetof(BStruct, fname),
                       "wrong offset for field %r" % (fname,))
-                BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
-                check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
-                      "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
+                if layout[i+1] != 0:
+                    BField = ffi._get_cached_btype(ftype)
+                    check(layout[i+1], ffi.sizeof(BField),
+                          "wrong size for field %r" % (fname,))
                 i += 2
             assert i == len(layout)
 
@@ -379,15 +386,17 @@
     def _load_constant(self, is_int, tp, name, module):
         funcname = '_cffi_const_%s' % name
         if is_int:
-            BFunc = self.ffi.typeof("int(*)(long long*)")
+            BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long*")[0]
+            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(long long*)")[0]
             function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
-            p = self.ffi.new("long long*")
+            p = self.ffi.new(BType)
             negative = function(p)
             value = int(p[0])
             if value < 0 and not negative:
-                value += (1 << (8*self.ffi.sizeof("long long")))
+                BLongLong = self.ffi._typeof_locked("long long")[0]
+                value += (1 << (8*self.ffi.sizeof(BLongLong)))
         else:
-            BFunc = self.ffi.typeof(tp.get_c_name('(*)(void)', name))
+            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name('(*)(void)', name))[0]
             function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
             value = function()
         return value
@@ -413,11 +422,22 @@
         prnt('int %s(char *out_error)' % funcname)
         prnt('{')
         for enumerator, enumvalue in zip(tp.enumerators, tp.enumvalues):
-            prnt('  if (%s != %d) {' % (enumerator, enumvalue))
+            if enumvalue < 0:
+                prnt('  if ((%s) >= 0 || (long)(%s) != %dL) {' % (
+                    enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+            else:
+                prnt('  if ((%s) < 0 || (unsigned long)(%s) != %dUL) {' % (
+                    enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+            prnt('    char buf[64];')
+            prnt('    if ((%s) < 0)' % enumerator)
+            prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%ld", (long)(%s));' % enumerator)
+            prnt('    else')
+            prnt('        snprintf(buf, 63, "%%lu", (unsigned long)(%s));' %
+                 enumerator)
             prnt('    snprintf(out_error, 255,'
-                             '"%s has the real value %d, not %d",')
-            prnt('            "%s", (int)%s, %d);' % (
-                enumerator, enumerator, enumvalue))
+                             ' "%s has the real value %s, not %s",')
+            prnt('            "%s", buf, "%d");' % (
+                enumerator, enumvalue))
             prnt('    return -1;')
             prnt('  }')
         prnt('  return 0;')
@@ -431,10 +451,11 @@
             tp.enumvalues = tuple(enumvalues)
             tp.partial_resolved = True
         else:
-            BFunc = self.ffi.typeof("int(*)(char*)")
+            BType = self.ffi._typeof_locked("char[]")[0]
+            BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked("int(*)(char*)")[0]
             funcname = '_cffi_e_%s_%s' % (prefix, name)
             function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
-            p = self.ffi.new("char[]", 256)
+            p = self.ffi.new(BType, 256)
             if function(p) < 0:
                 error = self.ffi.string(p)
                 if sys.version_info >= (3,):
@@ -465,6 +486,14 @@
 
     def _generate_gen_variable_decl(self, tp, name):
         if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):
+            if tp.length == '...':
+                prnt = self._prnt
+                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
+                self.export_symbols.append(funcname)
+                prnt("size_t %s(void)" % funcname)
+                prnt("{")
+                prnt("  return sizeof(%s);" % (name,))
+                prnt("}")
             tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
             self._generate_gen_const(False, name, tp_ptr)
         else:
@@ -476,6 +505,18 @@
     def _loaded_gen_variable(self, tp, name, module, library):
         if isinstance(tp, model.ArrayType):   # int a[5] is "constant" in the
                                               # sense that "a=..." is forbidden
+            if tp.length == '...':
+                funcname = '_cffi_sizeof_%s' % (name,)
+                BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked('size_t(*)(void)')[0]
+                function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
+                size = function()
+                BItemType = self.ffi._get_cached_btype(tp.item)
+                length, rest = divmod(size, self.ffi.sizeof(BItemType))
+                if rest != 0:
+                    raise ffiplatform.VerificationError(
+                        "bad size: %r does not seem to be an array of %s" %
+                        (name, tp.item))
+                tp = tp.resolve_length(length)
             tp_ptr = model.PointerType(tp.item)
             value = self._load_constant(False, tp_ptr, name, module)
             # 'value' is a <cdata 'type *'> which we have to replace with
@@ -489,7 +530,7 @@
         # remove ptr=<cdata 'int *'> from the library instance, and replace
         # it by a property on the class, which reads/writes into ptr[0].
         funcname = '_cffi_var_%s' % name
-        BFunc = self.ffi.typeof(tp.get_c_name('*(*)(void)', name))
+        BFunc = self.ffi._typeof_locked(tp.get_c_name('*(*)(void)', name))[0]
         function = module.load_function(BFunc, funcname)
         ptr = function()
         def getter(library):
diff --git a/lib_pypy/cffi/verifier.py b/lib_pypy/cffi/verifier.py
--- a/lib_pypy/cffi/verifier.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/cffi/verifier.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
             k2 = k2.lstrip('0').rstrip('L')
             modulename = '_cffi_%s_%s%s%s' % (tag, self._vengine._class_key,
                                               k1, k2)
-        suffix = _get_so_suffix()
+        suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0]
         self.tmpdir = tmpdir or _caller_dir_pycache()
         self.sourcefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + '.c')
         self.modulefilename = os.path.join(self.tmpdir, modulename + suffix)
@@ -42,18 +42,21 @@
     def write_source(self, file=None):
         """Write the C source code.  It is produced in 'self.sourcefilename',
         which can be tweaked beforehand."""
-        if self._has_source and file is None:
-            raise ffiplatform.VerificationError("source code already written")
-        self._write_source(file)
+        with self.ffi._lock:
+            if self._has_source and file is None:
+                raise ffiplatform.VerificationError(
+                    "source code already written")
+            self._write_source(file)
 
     def compile_module(self):
         """Write the C source code (if not done already) and compile it.
         This produces a dynamic link library in 'self.modulefilename'."""
-        if self._has_module:
-            raise ffiplatform.VerificationError("module already compiled")
-        if not self._has_source:
-            self._write_source()
-        self._compile_module()
+        with self.ffi._lock:
+            if self._has_module:
+                raise ffiplatform.VerificationError("module already compiled")
+            if not self._has_source:
+                self._write_source()
+            self._compile_module()
 
     def load_library(self):
         """Get a C module from this Verifier instance.
@@ -62,11 +65,14 @@
         operations to the C module.  If necessary, the C code is written
         and compiled first.
         """
-        if not self._has_module:
-            self._locate_module()
+        with self.ffi._lock:
             if not self._has_module:
-                self.compile_module()
-        return self._load_library()
+                self._locate_module()
+                if not self._has_module:
+                    if not self._has_source:
+                        self._write_source()
+                    self._compile_module()
+            return self._load_library()
 
     def get_module_name(self):
         basename = os.path.basename(self.modulefilename)
@@ -81,7 +87,9 @@
 
     def get_extension(self):
         if not self._has_source:
-            self._write_source()
+            with self.ffi._lock:
+                if not self._has_source:
+                    self._write_source()
         sourcename = ffiplatform.maybe_relative_path(self.sourcefilename)
         modname = self.get_module_name()
         return ffiplatform.get_extension(sourcename, modname, **self.kwds)
@@ -103,7 +111,7 @@
             else:
                 path = None
             filename = self._vengine.find_module(self.get_module_name(), path,
-                                                 _get_so_suffix())
+                                                 _get_so_suffixes())
             if filename is None:
                 return
             self.modulefilename = filename
@@ -193,7 +201,7 @@
     if keep_so:
         suffix = '.c'   # only remove .c files
     else:
-        suffix = _get_so_suffix().lower()
+        suffix = _get_so_suffixes()[0].lower()
     for fn in filelist:
         if fn.lower().startswith('_cffi_') and (
                 fn.lower().endswith(suffix) or fn.lower().endswith('.c')):
@@ -213,15 +221,20 @@
         except OSError:
             pass
 
-def _get_so_suffix():
+def _get_so_suffixes():
+    suffixes = []
     for suffix, mode, type in imp.get_suffixes():
         if type == imp.C_EXTENSION:
-            return suffix
-    # bah, no C_EXTENSION available.  Occurs on pypy without cpyext
-    if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        return ".pyd"
-    else:
-        return ".so"
+            suffixes.append(suffix)
+
+    if not suffixes:
+        # bah, no C_EXTENSION available.  Occurs on pypy without cpyext
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            suffixes = [".pyd"]
+        else:
+            suffixes = [".so"]
+
+    return suffixes
 
 def _ensure_dir(filename):
     try:
diff --git a/lib_pypy/numpypy/__init__.py b/lib_pypy/numpypy/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/numpypy/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-from . import core
-from .core import *
-from . import lib
-from .lib import *
-
-from builtins import bool, int, int, float, complex, object, str, str
-
-from .core import round, abs, max, min
-
-__version__ = '1.7.0'
-
-__all__ = ['__version__']
-__all__ += core.__all__
-__all__ += lib.__all__
-
-#import sys
-#sys.modules.setdefault('numpy', sys.modules['numpypy'])
diff --git a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/__init__.py b/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-
-
-from . import multiarray
-from . import umath
-from . import numeric
-from .numeric import *
-from . import fromnumeric
-from .fromnumeric import *
-from . import shape_base
-from .shape_base import *
-
-from .fromnumeric import amax as max, amin as min, \
-    round_ as round
-from .numeric import absolute as abs
-
-__all__ = []
-__all__ += numeric.__all__
-__all__ += fromnumeric.__all__
-__all__ += shape_base.__all__
diff --git a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/_methods.py b/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/_methods.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/_methods.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-# Array methods which are called by the both the C-code for the method
-# and the Python code for the NumPy-namespace function
-
-from . import multiarray as mu
-from . import umath as um
-from .numeric import asanyarray
-
-def _amax(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.maximum.reduce(a, axis=axis,
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _amin(a, axis=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.minimum.reduce(a, axis=axis,
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _sum(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.add.reduce(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype,
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _prod(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.multiply.reduce(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype,
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _any(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.logical_or.reduce(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out,
-                                keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _all(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    return um.logical_and.reduce(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out,
-                                 keepdims=keepdims)
-
-def _count_reduce_items(arr, axis):
-    if axis is None:
-        axis = tuple(range(arr.ndim))
-    if not isinstance(axis, tuple):
-        axis = (axis,)
-    items = 1
-    for ax in axis:
-        items *= arr.shape[ax]
-    return items
-
-def _mean(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False):
-    arr = asanyarray(a)
-
-    # Upgrade bool, unsigned int, and int to float64
-    if dtype is None and arr.dtype.kind in ['b','u','i']:
-        ret = um.add.reduce(arr, axis=axis, dtype='f8',
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-    else:
-        ret = um.add.reduce(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype,
-                            out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-    rcount = _count_reduce_items(arr, axis)
-    if isinstance(ret, mu.ndarray):
-        ret = um.true_divide(ret, rcount,
-                        out=ret, casting='unsafe', subok=False)
-    else:
-        ret = ret / float(rcount)
-    return ret
-
-def _var(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0,
-                            keepdims=False):
-    arr = asanyarray(a)
-
-    # First compute the mean, saving 'rcount' for reuse later
-    if dtype is None and arr.dtype.kind in ['b','u','i']:
-        arrmean = um.add.reduce(arr, axis=axis, dtype='f8', keepdims=True)
-    else:
-        arrmean = um.add.reduce(arr, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, keepdims=True)
-    rcount = _count_reduce_items(arr, axis)
-    if isinstance(arrmean, mu.ndarray):
-        arrmean = um.true_divide(arrmean, rcount,
-                            out=arrmean, casting='unsafe', subok=False)
-    else:
-        arrmean = arrmean / float(rcount)
-
-    # arr - arrmean
-    x = arr - arrmean
-
-    # (arr - arrmean) ** 2
-    if arr.dtype.kind == 'c':
-        x = um.multiply(x, um.conjugate(x), out=x).real
-    else:
-        x = um.multiply(x, x, out=x)
-
-    # add.reduce((arr - arrmean) ** 2, axis)
-    ret = um.add.reduce(x, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, keepdims=keepdims)
-
-    # add.reduce((arr - arrmean) ** 2, axis) / (n - ddof)
-    if not keepdims and isinstance(rcount, mu.ndarray):
-        rcount = rcount.squeeze(axis=axis)
-    rcount -= ddof
-    if isinstance(ret, mu.ndarray):
-        ret = um.true_divide(ret, rcount,
-                        out=ret, casting='unsafe', subok=False)
-    else:
-        ret = ret / float(rcount)
-
-    return ret
-
-def _std(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0, keepdims=False):
-    ret = _var(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
-               keepdims=keepdims)
-
-    if isinstance(ret, mu.ndarray):
-        ret = um.sqrt(ret, out=ret)
-    else:
-        ret = um.sqrt(ret)
-
-    return ret
diff --git a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/arrayprint.py b/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/arrayprint.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/lib_pypy/numpypy/core/arrayprint.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,751 +0,0 @@
-"""Array printing function
-
-$Id: arrayprint.py,v 1.9 2005/09/13 13:58:44 teoliphant Exp $
-"""
-__all__ = ["array2string", "set_printoptions", "get_printoptions"]
-__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
-
-#
-# Written by Konrad Hinsen <hinsenk at ere.umontreal.ca>
-# last revision: 1996-3-13
-# modified by Jim Hugunin 1997-3-3 for repr's and str's (and other details)
-# and by Perry Greenfield 2000-4-1 for numarray
-# and by Travis Oliphant  2005-8-22 for numpy
-
-import sys
-from . import numerictypes as _nt
-from .umath import maximum, minimum, absolute, not_equal, isnan, isinf
-#from multiarray import format_longfloat, datetime_as_string, datetime_data
-from .fromnumeric import ravel
-
-
-def product(x, y): return x*y
-
-_summaryEdgeItems = 3     # repr N leading and trailing items of each dimension
-_summaryThreshold = 1000 # total items > triggers array summarization
-
-_float_output_precision = 8
-_float_output_suppress_small = False
-_line_width = 75
-_nan_str = 'nan'
-_inf_str = 'inf'
-_formatter = None  # formatting function for array elements
-
-if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
-    from functools import reduce
-
-def set_printoptions(precision=None, threshold=None, edgeitems=None,
-                     linewidth=None, suppress=None,
-                     nanstr=None, infstr=None,
-                     formatter=None):
-    """
-    Set printing options.
-
-    These options determine the way floating point numbers, arrays and
-    other NumPy objects are displayed.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    precision : int, optional
-        Number of digits of precision for floating point output (default 8).
-    threshold : int, optional
-        Total number of array elements which trigger summarization
-        rather than full repr (default 1000).
-    edgeitems : int, optional
-        Number of array items in summary at beginning and end of
-        each dimension (default 3).
-    linewidth : int, optional
-        The number of characters per line for the purpose of inserting
-        line breaks (default 75).
-    suppress : bool, optional
-        Whether or not suppress printing of small floating point values
-        using scientific notation (default False).
-    nanstr : str, optional
-        String representation of floating point not-a-number (default nan).
-    infstr : str, optional
-        String representation of floating point infinity (default inf).
-    formatter : dict of callables, optional
-        If not None, the keys should indicate the type(s) that the respective
-        formatting function applies to.  Callables should return a string.
-        Types that are not specified (by their corresponding keys) are handled
-        by the default formatters.  Individual types for which a formatter
-        can be set are::
-
-            - 'bool'
-            - 'int'
-            - 'timedelta' : a `numpy.timedelta64`
-            - 'datetime' : a `numpy.datetime64`
-            - 'float'
-            - 'longfloat' : 128-bit floats
-            - 'complexfloat'
-            - 'longcomplexfloat' : composed of two 128-bit floats
-            - 'numpy_str' : types `numpy.string_` and `numpy.unicode_`
-            - 'str' : all other strings
-
-        Other keys that can be used to set a group of types at once are::
-
-            - 'all' : sets all types
-            - 'int_kind' : sets 'int'
-            - 'float_kind' : sets 'float' and 'longfloat'
-            - 'complex_kind' : sets 'complexfloat' and 'longcomplexfloat'
-            - 'str_kind' : sets 'str' and 'numpystr'
-
-    See Also
-    --------
-    get_printoptions, set_string_function, array2string
-
-    Notes
-    -----
-    `formatter` is always reset with a call to `set_printoptions`.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    Floating point precision can be set:
-
-    >>> np.set_printoptions(precision=4)
-    >>> print np.array([1.123456789])
-    [ 1.1235]
-
-    Long arrays can be summarised:
-
-    >>> np.set_printoptions(threshold=5)
-    >>> print np.arange(10)
-    [0 1 2 ..., 7 8 9]
-
-    Small results can be suppressed:
-
-    >>> eps = np.finfo(float).eps
-    >>> x = np.arange(4.)
-    >>> x**2 - (x + eps)**2
-    array([ -4.9304e-32,  -4.4409e-16,   0.0000e+00,   0.0000e+00])
-    >>> np.set_printoptions(suppress=True)
-    >>> x**2 - (x + eps)**2
-    array([-0., -0.,  0.,  0.])
-
-    A custom formatter can be used to display array elements as desired:
-
-    >>> np.set_printoptions(formatter={'all':lambda x: 'int: '+str(-x)})
-    >>> x = np.arange(3)
-    >>> x
-    array([int: 0, int: -1, int: -2])
-    >>> np.set_printoptions()  # formatter gets reset
-    >>> x
-    array([0, 1, 2])
-
-    To put back the default options, you can use:
-
-    >>> np.set_printoptions(edgeitems=3,infstr='inf',
-    ... linewidth=75, nanstr='nan', precision=8,
-    ... suppress=False, threshold=1000, formatter=None)
-    """
-
-    global _summaryThreshold, _summaryEdgeItems, _float_output_precision, \
-           _line_width, _float_output_suppress_small, _nan_str, _inf_str, \
-           _formatter
-    if linewidth is not None:
-        _line_width = linewidth
-    if threshold is not None:
-        _summaryThreshold = threshold
-    if edgeitems is not None:
-        _summaryEdgeItems = edgeitems
-    if precision is not None:
-        _float_output_precision = precision
-    if suppress is not None:
-        _float_output_suppress_small = not not suppress
-    if nanstr is not None:
-        _nan_str = nanstr
-    if infstr is not None:
-        _inf_str = infstr
-    _formatter = formatter
-
-def get_printoptions():
-    """
-    Return the current print options.
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    print_opts : dict
-        Dictionary of current print options with keys
-
-          - precision : int
-          - threshold : int
-          - edgeitems : int
-          - linewidth : int
-          - suppress : bool
-          - nanstr : str
-          - infstr : str
-          - formatter : dict of callables
-
-        For a full description of these options, see `set_printoptions`.
-
-    See Also
-    --------
-    set_printoptions, set_string_function
-
-    """
-    d = dict(precision=_float_output_precision,
-             threshold=_summaryThreshold,
-             edgeitems=_summaryEdgeItems,
-             linewidth=_line_width,
-             suppress=_float_output_suppress_small,
-             nanstr=_nan_str,
-             infstr=_inf_str,
-             formatter=_formatter)
-    return d
-
-def _leading_trailing(a):
-    from . import numeric as _nc
-    if a.ndim == 1:
-        if len(a) > 2*_summaryEdgeItems:
-            b = _nc.concatenate((a[:_summaryEdgeItems],
-                                     a[-_summaryEdgeItems:]))
-        else:
-            b = a
-    else:
-        if len(a) > 2*_summaryEdgeItems:
-            l = [_leading_trailing(a[i]) for i in range(
-                min(len(a), _summaryEdgeItems))]
-            l.extend([_leading_trailing(a[-i]) for i in range(
-                min(len(a), _summaryEdgeItems),0,-1)])
-        else:
-            l = [_leading_trailing(a[i]) for i in range(0, len(a))]
-        b = _nc.concatenate(tuple(l))
-    return b
-
-def _boolFormatter(x):
-    if x:
-        return ' True'
-    else:
-        return 'False'
-
-
-def repr_format(x):
-    return repr(x)
-
-def _array2string(a, max_line_width, precision, suppress_small, separator=' ',
-                  prefix="", formatter=None):
-
-    if max_line_width is None:
-        max_line_width = _line_width
-
-    if precision is None:
-        precision = _float_output_precision
-
-    if suppress_small is None:
-        suppress_small = _float_output_suppress_small
-
-    if formatter is None:
-        formatter = _formatter
-
-    if a.size > _summaryThreshold:
-        summary_insert = "..., "
-        data = _leading_trailing(a)
-    else:
-        summary_insert = ""
-        data = ravel(a)
-
-    formatdict = {'bool' : _boolFormatter,
-                  'int' : IntegerFormat(data),
-                  'float' : FloatFormat(data, precision, suppress_small),
-                  'longfloat' : FloatFormat(data, precision, suppress_small),
-                  'complexfloat' : ComplexFormat(data, precision,
-                                                 suppress_small),
-                  'longcomplexfloat' : ComplexFormat(data, precision,
-                                                     suppress_small),
-                  'datetime' : DatetimeFormat(data),
-                  'timedelta' : TimedeltaFormat(data),
-                  'numpystr' : repr_format,
-                  'str' : str}
-
-    if formatter is not None:
-        fkeys = [k for k in list(formatter.keys()) if formatter[k] is not None]
-        if 'all' in fkeys:
-            for key in list(formatdict.keys()):
-                formatdict[key] = formatter['all']
-        if 'int_kind' in fkeys:
-            for key in ['int']:
-                formatdict[key] = formatter['int_kind']
-        if 'float_kind' in fkeys:
-            for key in ['float', 'longfloat']:
-                formatdict[key] = formatter['float_kind']
-        if 'complex_kind' in fkeys:
-            for key in ['complexfloat', 'longcomplexfloat']:
-                formatdict[key] = formatter['complex_kind']
-        if 'str_kind' in fkeys:
-            for key in ['numpystr', 'str']:
-                formatdict[key] = formatter['str_kind']
-        for key in list(formatdict.keys()):
-            if key in fkeys:
-                formatdict[key] = formatter[key]
-
-    try:
-        format_function = a._format
-        msg = "The `_format` attribute is deprecated in Numpy 2.0 and " \
-              "will be removed in 2.1. Use the `formatter` kw instead."
-        import warnings
-        warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
-    except AttributeError:
-        # find the right formatting function for the array
-        dtypeobj = a.dtype.type
-        if issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.bool_):
-            format_function = formatdict['bool']
-        elif issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.integer):
-            #if issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.timedelta64):
-            #    format_function = formatdict['timedelta']
-            #else:
-            format_function = formatdict['int']
-        elif issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.floating):
-            if hasattr(_nt, 'longfloat') and issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.longfloat):
-                format_function = formatdict['longfloat']
-            else:
-                format_function = formatdict['float']
-        elif issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.complexfloating):
-            if hasattr(_nt, 'clongfloat') and issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.clongfloat):
-                format_function = formatdict['longcomplexfloat']
-            else:
-                format_function = formatdict['complexfloat']
-        elif issubclass(dtypeobj, (_nt.unicode_, _nt.string_)):
-            format_function = formatdict['numpystr']
-        #elif issubclass(dtypeobj, _nt.datetime64):
-        #    format_function = formatdict['datetime']
-        else:
-            format_function = formatdict['str']
-
-    # skip over "["
-    next_line_prefix = " "
-    # skip over array(
-    next_line_prefix += " "*len(prefix)
-
-    lst = _formatArray(a, format_function, len(a.shape), max_line_width,
-                       next_line_prefix, separator,
-                       _summaryEdgeItems, summary_insert)[:-1]
-    return lst
-
-def _convert_arrays(obj):
-    from . import numeric as _nc
-    newtup = []
-    for k in obj:
-        if isinstance(k, _nc.ndarray):
-            k = k.tolist()
-        elif isinstance(k, tuple):
-            k = _convert_arrays(k)
-        newtup.append(k)
-    return tuple(newtup)
-
-
-def array2string(a, max_line_width=None, precision=None,
-                 suppress_small=None, separator=' ', prefix="",
-                 style=repr, formatter=None):
-    """
-    Return a string representation of an array.
-
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    a : ndarray
-        Input array.
-    max_line_width : int, optional
-        The maximum number of columns the string should span. Newline
-        characters splits the string appropriately after array elements.
-    precision : int, optional
-        Floating point precision. Default is the current printing
-        precision (usually 8), which can be altered using `set_printoptions`.
-    suppress_small : bool, optional
-        Represent very small numbers as zero. A number is "very small" if it
-        is smaller than the current printing precision.
-    separator : str, optional
-        Inserted between elements.
-    prefix : str, optional
-        An array is typically printed as::
-
-          'prefix(' + array2string(a) + ')'
-
-        The length of the prefix string is used to align the
-        output correctly.
-    style : function, optional
-        A function that accepts an ndarray and returns a string.  Used only
-        when the shape of `a` is equal to ``()``, i.e. for 0-D arrays.
-    formatter : dict of callables, optional
-        If not None, the keys should indicate the type(s) that the respective
-        formatting function applies to.  Callables should return a string.
-        Types that are not specified (by their corresponding keys) are handled
-        by the default formatters.  Individual types for which a formatter
-        can be set are::
-
-            - 'bool'
-            - 'int'
-            - 'timedelta' : a `numpy.timedelta64`
-            - 'datetime' : a `numpy.datetime64`
-            - 'float'
-            - 'longfloat' : 128-bit floats
-            - 'complexfloat'
-            - 'longcomplexfloat' : composed of two 128-bit floats
-            - 'numpy_str' : types `numpy.string_` and `numpy.unicode_`
-            - 'str' : all other strings
-
-        Other keys that can be used to set a group of types at once are::
-
-            - 'all' : sets all types
-            - 'int_kind' : sets 'int'
-            - 'float_kind' : sets 'float' and 'longfloat'
-            - 'complex_kind' : sets 'complexfloat' and 'longcomplexfloat'
-            - 'str_kind' : sets 'str' and 'numpystr'
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    array_str : str
-        String representation of the array.
-
-    Raises
-    ------
-    TypeError : if a callable in `formatter` does not return a string.
-
-    See Also
-    --------
-    array_str, array_repr, set_printoptions, get_printoptions
-
-    Notes
-    -----
-    If a formatter is specified for a certain type, the `precision` keyword is
-    ignored for that type.
-
-    Examples
-    --------
-    >>> x = np.array([1e-16,1,2,3])
-    >>> print np.array2string(x, precision=2, separator=',',
-    ...                       suppress_small=True)
-    [ 0., 1., 2., 3.]
-
-    >>> x  = np.arange(3.)
-    >>> np.array2string(x, formatter={'float_kind':lambda x: "%.2f" % x})
-    '[0.00 1.00 2.00]'
-
-    >>> x  = np.arange(3)
-    >>> np.array2string(x, formatter={'int':lambda x: hex(x)})
-    '[0x0L 0x1L 0x2L]'
-
-    """
-
-    if a.shape == ():
-        x = a.item()
-        try:
-            lst = a._format(x)
-            msg = "The `_format` attribute is deprecated in Numpy " \
-                  "2.0 and will be removed in 2.1. Use the " \
-                  "`formatter` kw instead."
-            import warnings
-            warnings.warn(msg, DeprecationWarning)
-        except AttributeError:
-            if isinstance(x, tuple):
-                x = _convert_arrays(x)
-            lst = style(x)
-    elif reduce(product, a.shape) == 0:
-        # treat as a null array if any of shape elements == 0
-        lst = "[]"
-    else:
-        lst = _array2string(a, max_line_width, precision, suppress_small,
-                            separator, prefix, formatter=formatter)
-    return lst
-
-def _extendLine(s, line, word, max_line_len, next_line_prefix):
-    if len(line.rstrip()) + len(word.rstrip()) >= max_line_len:
-        s += line.rstrip() + "\n"
-        line = next_line_prefix
-    line += word
-    return s, line
-
-
-def _formatArray(a, format_function, rank, max_line_len,
-                 next_line_prefix, separator, edge_items, summary_insert):
-    """formatArray is designed for two modes of operation:
-
-    1. Full output
-
-    2. Summarized output
-
-    """
-    if rank == 0:
-        obj = a.item()
-        if isinstance(obj, tuple):
-            obj = _convert_arrays(obj)
-        return str(obj)
-
-    if summary_insert and 2*edge_items < len(a):
-        leading_items, trailing_items, summary_insert1 = \
-                       edge_items, edge_items, summary_insert
-    else:
-        leading_items, trailing_items, summary_insert1 = 0, len(a), ""
-
-    if rank == 1:
-        s = ""
-        line = next_line_prefix
-        for i in range(leading_items):
-            word = format_function(a[i]) + separator
-            s, line = _extendLine(s, line, word, max_line_len, next_line_prefix)
-
-        if summary_insert1:
-            s, line = _extendLine(s, line, summary_insert1, max_line_len, next_line_prefix)


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