[pypy-commit] pypy missing-ndarray-attributes: merge default into branch

mattip noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Thu Dec 27 22:58:11 CET 2012


Author: mattip <matti.picus at gmail.com>
Branch: missing-ndarray-attributes
Changeset: r59591:ff0c695757d5
Date: 2012-12-27 21:41 +0200
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/ff0c695757d5/

Log:	merge default into branch

diff too long, truncating to 2000 out of 42990 lines

diff --git a/.hgtags b/.hgtags
--- a/.hgtags
+++ b/.hgtags
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 b48df0bf4e75b81d98f19ce89d4a7dc3e1dab5e5 benchmarked
 d8ac7d23d3ec5f9a0fa1264972f74a010dbfd07f release-1.6
 ff4af8f318821f7f5ca998613a60fca09aa137da release-1.7
+07e08e9c885ca67d89bcc304e45a32346daea2fa release-2.0-beta-1
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
--- a/LICENSE
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-License for files in the pypy/ directory 
-==================================================
+License
+=======
 
 Except when otherwise stated (look for LICENSE files in directories or
 information at the beginning of each file) all software and
-documentation in the 'pypy' directories is licensed as follows: 
+documentation in the 'pypy', 'ctype_configure', 'dotviewer', 'demo',
+and 'lib_pypy' directories is licensed as follows: 
 
     The MIT License
 
diff --git a/README b/README
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-=====================================
-PyPy: Python in Python Implementation 
-=====================================
-
-Welcome to PyPy!
-
-PyPy is both an implementation of the Python programming language, and
-an extensive compiler framework for dynamic language implementations.
-You can build self-contained Python implementations which execute
-independently from CPython.
-
-The home page is:
-
-    http://pypy.org/
-
-The getting-started document will help guide you:
-
-    http://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/getting-started.html
-
-It will also point you to the rest of the documentation which is generated
-from files in the pypy/doc directory within the source repositories. Enjoy
-and send us feedback!
-
-    the pypy-dev team <pypy-dev at python.org>
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
new file mode 100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=====================================
+PyPy: Python in Python Implementation 
+=====================================
+
+Welcome to PyPy!
+
+PyPy is both an implementation of the Python programming language, and
+an extensive compiler framework for dynamic language implementations.
+You can build self-contained Python implementations which execute
+independently from CPython.
+
+The home page is:
+
+    http://pypy.org/
+
+The getting-started document will help guide you:
+
+    http://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/getting-started.html
+
+It will also point you to the rest of the documentation which is generated
+from files in the pypy/doc directory within the source repositories. Enjoy
+and send us feedback!
+
+    the pypy-dev team <pypy-dev at python.org>
diff --git a/demo/autopath.py b/demo/autopath.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/autopath.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-import sys, os
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
diff --git a/demo/bpnn.py b/demo/bpnn.py
deleted file mode 100755
--- a/demo/bpnn.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-"""
-    Translator Demo
-
-    To analyse and type-annotate the functions and class defined in
-    this module, starting from the entry point function demo(),
-    use the following command line:
-
-        ../pypy/translator/goal/translate.py bpnn.py
-
-    Insert '--help' before 'bpnn.py' for a list of translation options,
-    or see the Overview of Command Line Options for translation at
-    http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/config/commandline.html
-"""
-# Back-Propagation Neural Networks
-# 
-# Written in Python.  See http://www.python.org/
-#
-# Neil Schemenauer <nascheme at enme.ucalgary.ca>
-#
-# Modifications to the original (Armin Rigo):
-#   * import random from PyPy's lib, which is Python 2.2's plain
-#     Python implementation
-#   * print a doc about how to start the Translator
-
-import sys
-import math
-import time
-
-import autopath
-from pypy.rlib import rrandom
-
-PRINT_IT = True
-
-random = rrandom.Random(1)
-
-# calculate a random number where:  a <= rand < b
-def rand(a, b):
-    return (b-a)*random.random() + a
-
-# Make a matrix (we could use NumPy to speed this up)
-def makeMatrix(I, J, fill=0.0):
-    m = []
-    for i in range(I):
-        m.append([fill]*J)
-    return m
-
-class NN:
-    
-    def __init__(self, ni, nh, no):
-        # number of input, hidden, and output nodes
-        self.ni = ni + 1 # +1 for bias node
-        self.nh = nh
-        self.no = no
-
-        # activations for nodes
-        self.ai = [1.0]*self.ni
-        self.ah = [1.0]*self.nh
-        self.ao = [1.0]*self.no
-        
-        # create weights
-        self.wi = makeMatrix(self.ni, self.nh)
-        self.wo = makeMatrix(self.nh, self.no)
-        # set them to random vaules
-        for i in range(self.ni):
-            for j in range(self.nh):
-                self.wi[i][j] = rand(-2.0, 2.0)
-        for j in range(self.nh):
-            for k in range(self.no):
-                self.wo[j][k] = rand(-2.0, 2.0)
-
-        # last change in weights for momentum   
-        self.ci = makeMatrix(self.ni, self.nh)
-        self.co = makeMatrix(self.nh, self.no)
-
-    def update(self, inputs):
-        if len(inputs) != self.ni-1:
-            raise ValueError, 'wrong number of inputs'
-
-        # input activations
-        for i in range(self.ni-1):
-            #self.ai[i] = 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-inputs[i]))
-            self.ai[i] = inputs[i]
-
-        # hidden activations
-        for j in range(self.nh):
-            sum = 0.0
-            for i in range(self.ni):
-                sum = sum + self.ai[i] * self.wi[i][j]
-            self.ah[j] = 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-sum))
-
-        # output activations
-        for k in range(self.no):
-            sum = 0.0
-            for j in range(self.nh):
-                sum = sum + self.ah[j] * self.wo[j][k]
-            self.ao[k] = 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-sum))
-
-        return self.ao[:]
-
-
-    def backPropagate(self, targets, N, M):
-        if len(targets) != self.no:
-            raise ValueError, 'wrong number of target values'
-
-        # calculate error terms for output
-        output_deltas = [0.0] * self.no
-        for k in range(self.no):
-            ao = self.ao[k]
-            output_deltas[k] = ao*(1-ao)*(targets[k]-ao)
-
-        # calculate error terms for hidden
-        hidden_deltas = [0.0] * self.nh
-        for j in range(self.nh):
-            sum = 0.0
-            for k in range(self.no):
-                sum = sum + output_deltas[k]*self.wo[j][k]
-            hidden_deltas[j] = self.ah[j]*(1-self.ah[j])*sum
-
-        # update output weights
-        for j in range(self.nh):
-            for k in range(self.no):
-                change = output_deltas[k]*self.ah[j]
-                self.wo[j][k] = self.wo[j][k] + N*change + M*self.co[j][k]
-                self.co[j][k] = change
-                #print N*change, M*self.co[j][k]
-
-        # update input weights
-        for i in range(self.ni):
-            for j in range(self.nh):
-                change = hidden_deltas[j]*self.ai[i]
-                self.wi[i][j] = self.wi[i][j] + N*change + M*self.ci[i][j]
-                self.ci[i][j] = change
-
-        # calculate error
-        error = 0.0
-        for k in range(len(targets)):
-            delta = targets[k]-self.ao[k]
-            error = error + 0.5*delta*delta
-        return error
-
-
-    def test(self, patterns):
-        for p in patterns:
-            if PRINT_IT:
-                print p[0], '->', self.update(p[0])
-
-    def weights(self):
-        if PRINT_IT:
-            print 'Input weights:'
-            for i in range(self.ni):
-                print self.wi[i]
-            print
-            print 'Output weights:'
-            for j in range(self.nh):
-                print self.wo[j]
-
-    def train(self, patterns, iterations=2000, N=0.5, M=0.1):
-        # N: learning rate
-        # M: momentum factor
-        for i in xrange(iterations):
-            error = 0.0
-            for p in patterns:
-                inputs = p[0]
-                targets = p[1]
-                self.update(inputs)
-                error = error + self.backPropagate(targets, N, M)
-            if PRINT_IT and i % 100 == 0:
-                print 'error', error
-
-
-def demo():
-    # Teach network XOR function
-    pat = [
-        [[0,0], [0]],
-        [[0,1], [1]],
-        [[1,0], [1]],
-        [[1,1], [0]]
-    ]
-
-    # create a network with two input, two hidden, and two output nodes
-    n = NN(2, 3, 1)
-    # train it with some patterns
-    n.train(pat, 2000)
-    # test it
-    n.test(pat)
-
-
-# __________  Entry point for stand-alone builds __________
-
-import time
-
-def entry_point(argv):
-    if len(argv) > 1:
-        N = int(argv[1])
-    else:
-        N = 200
-    T = time.time()
-    for i in range(N):
-        demo()
-    t1 = time.time() - T
-    print "%d iterations, %s milliseconds per iteration" % (N, 1000.0*t1/N)
-    return 0
-
-# _____ Define and setup target ___
-
-def target(*args):
-    return entry_point, None
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    if len(sys.argv) == 1:
-        sys.argv.append('1')
-    entry_point(sys.argv)
-    print __doc__
diff --git a/demo/dis-goal.py b/demo/dis-goal.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/dis-goal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-"""
-An old-time classical example, and one of our first goals.
-To run on top of PyPy.
-"""
-
-import dis
-dis.dis(dis.dis)
diff --git a/demo/distribution/client.py b/demo/distribution/client.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/distribution/client.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-""" This a sample client, suitable for use with server.py from this
-directory
-
-run by:
-pypy-c client.py
-"""
-
-HOST = '127.0.0.1'
-PORT = 12222
-
-from distributed.socklayer import connect
-remote_handle = connect((HOST, PORT))
-
-import code
-code.interact(local=locals())
-
-""" Things that can be done: 1. remote object access
-
-x = remote_handle.x
-assert type(x) is remote_handle.X # typecheck
-x.meth(lambda x: x + 10, 6) # remote call, with callback localy
-x.meth(remote_handle.f, 3) # remote call, remote callback
-remote_handle.sys._getframe(2).f_locals['x'] # remote frame access
-# XXX should be 'is x' and shouldn't need (2) argument
-
-# XXX next one does not work, while it should. Too much mangling with remote
-# traceback frames probably
-try:
-  x.meth(1, 2) # non-callable argument, AssertionError
-except:
-  import sys
-  e, c, tb = sys.exc_info()
-  import pdb
-  pdb.post_mortem(tb)
-"""
diff --git a/demo/distribution/fileclient.py b/demo/distribution/fileclient.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/distribution/fileclient.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-
-""" This is sample client for a server based in fileserver.py, not counting
-initialization, code.interact and __doc__ has just 2 lines! Usage:
-
-pypy-c fileclient.py
-
-The file_opener is a proxy for remote file object. Which means you can
-perform same operations as locally, like file_opener('/etc/passwd').read()
-or file_opener('/tmp/x', 'w').write('x')
-
-pypy-c needs to be compiled with --allworkingmodules in order to have socket
-working.
-"""
-
-HOST = '127.0.0.1'
-PORT = 12221
-
-from distributed.socklayer import connect
-file_opener = connect((HOST, PORT)).open
-
-import code
-code.interact(local=locals())
-# The file_opener is a proxy for remote file object. Which means you can
-# perform same operations as locally, like file_opener('/etc/passwd').read()
-# or file_opener('/tmp/x', 'w').write('x')
diff --git a/demo/distribution/fileserver.py b/demo/distribution/fileserver.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/distribution/fileserver.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-""" This is a sample demo showcasing file server, done by the pypy
-distribution library.
-
-Not counting __doc__ and initialization this is 2 line,
-fully operational file server,
-sample client which is in fileclient.py is included as well.
-
-run by:
-pypy-c fileserver.py
-
-pypy-c needs to be compiled with --allworkingmodules in order to have socket
-working.
-"""
-
-HOST = '127.0.0.1' # defaults to localhost, not to export your files
-PORT = 12221
-
-from distributed.socklayer import socket_loop
-socket_loop((HOST, PORT), {'open':open})
diff --git a/demo/distribution/server.py b/demo/distribution/server.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/distribution/server.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-""" This is a demo exposing all globals from the current process over
-socket, to be accessible remotely.
-
-run by:
-pypy-c server.py
-
-pypy-c needs to be compiled with --allworkingmodules in order to have socket
-working.
-"""
-
-# things to export
-# function
-def f(x):
-    return x + 3
-
-# class
-class X:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.slot = 3
-    
-    def meth(self, f, arg):
-        """ Method eating callable and calling it with an argument
-        """
-        assert callable(f)
-        return f(arg)
-
-# object
-x = X()
-
-# module
-import sys
-
-# constants
-HOST = '127.0.0.1'
-PORT = 12222
-
-from distributed.socklayer import socket_loop
-socket_loop((HOST, PORT), globals())
diff --git a/demo/fibonacci.py b/demo/fibonacci.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/fibonacci.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Thunk (a.k.a. lazy objects) in PyPy.
-To run on top of the thunk object space with the following command-line:
-
-    py.py -o thunk fibonacci.py
-
-This is a typical Functional Programming Languages demo, computing the
-Fibonacci sequence by using an infinite lazy linked list.
-"""
-
-try:
-    from __pypy__ import thunk    # only available in 'py.py -o thunk'
-except ImportError:
-    print __doc__
-    raise SystemExit(2)
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-
-class ListNode:
-    def __init__(self, head, tail):
-        self.head = head   # the first element of the list
-        self.tail = tail   # the sublist of all remaining elements
-
-
-def add_lists(list1, list2):
-    """Compute the linked-list equivalent of the Python expression
-          [a+b for (a,b) in zip(list1,list2)]
-    """
-    return ListNode(list1.head + list2.head,
-                    thunk(add_lists, list1.tail, list2.tail))
-
-
-# 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...
-Fibonacci = ListNode(1, ListNode(1, None))
-Fibonacci.tail.tail = thunk(add_lists, Fibonacci, Fibonacci.tail)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    node = Fibonacci
-    while True:
-        print node.head
-        node = node.tail
diff --git a/demo/fibonacci2.py b/demo/fibonacci2.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/fibonacci2.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Lazy functions in PyPy.
-To run on top of the thunk object space with the following command-line:
-
-    py.py -o thunk fibonacci2.py
-
-This is a typical Functional Programming Languages demo, computing the
-Fibonacci sequence as nested 2-tuples.
-"""
-
-import pprint
-
-try:
-    from __pypy__ import lazy
-except ImportError:
-    print __doc__
-    raise SystemExit(2)
-
-
- at lazy
-def fibo(a, b):
-    return (a, fibo(b, a + b))
-
-
-fibonacci = fibo(1, 1)
-
-pprint.pprint(fibonacci, depth=10)
diff --git a/demo/foodbill.py b/demo/foodbill.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/foodbill.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Of historical interest: we computed the food bill of our first Gothenburg
-sprint with PyPy :-)
-"""
-
-slips=[(1, 'Kals MatMarkn', 6150, 'Chutney for Curry', 'dinner Saturday'),
-       (2, 'Kals MatMarkn', 32000, 'Spaghetti, Beer', 'dinner Monday'),
-       (2, 'Kals MatMarkn', -810, 'Deposit on Beer Bottles', 'various'),
-       (3, 'Fram', 7700, 'Rice and Curry Spice', 'dinner Saturday'),
-       (4, 'Kals MatMarkn', 25000, 'Alcohol-Free Beer, sundries', 'various'),
-       (4, 'Kals MatMarkn', -1570, "Michael's toothpaste", 'none'),
-       (4, 'Kals MatMarkn', -1690, "Laura's toothpaste", 'none'),
-       (4, 'Kals MatMarkn', -720, 'Deposit on Beer Bottles', 'various'),
-       (4, 'Kals MatMarkn', -60, 'Deposit on another Beer Bottle', 'various'),
-       (5, 'Kals MatMarkn', 26750, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'lunch Monday'),
-       (6, 'Kals MatMarkn', 15950, 'various', 'dinner Tuesday and Thursday'),
-       (7, 'Kals MatMarkn', 3650, 'Drottningsylt, etc.', 'dinner Thursday'),
-       (8, 'Kals MatMarkn', 26150, 'Chicken and Mushroom Sauce', 'dinner Wed'),
-       (8, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2490, 'Jacob and Laura -- juice', 'dinner Wed'),
-       (8, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2990, "Chicken we didn't cook", 'dinner Wednesday'),
-       (9, 'Kals MatMarkn', 1380, 'fruit for Curry', 'dinner Saturday'),
-       (9, 'Kals MatMarkn', 1380, 'fruit for Curry', 'dinner Saturday'),
-       (10, 'Kals MatMarkn', 26900, 'Jansons Frestelse', 'dinner Sunday'),
-       (10, 'Kals MatMarkn', -540, 'Deposit on Beer Bottles', 'dinner Sunday'),
-       (11, 'Kals MatMarkn', 22650, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'lunch Thursday'),
-       (11, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2190, 'Jacob and Laura -- juice', 'lunch Thursday'),
-       (11, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2790, 'Jacob and Laura -- cereal', 'lunch Thurs'),
-       (11, 'Kals MatMarkn', -760, 'Jacob and Laura -- milk', 'lunch Thursday'),
-       (12, 'Kals MatMarkn', 18850, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'lunch Friday'),
-       (13, 'Kals MatMarkn', 18850, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'guestimate Sun'),
-       (14, 'Kals MatMarkn', 18850, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'guestimate Tues'),
-       (15, 'Kals MatMarkn', 20000, 'lunch bread meat cheese', 'guestimate Wed'),
-       (16, 'Kals MatMarkn', 42050, 'grillfest', 'dinner Friday'),
-       (16, 'Kals MatMarkn', -1350, 'Deposit on Beer Bottles', 'dinner Friday'),
-       (17, 'System Bolaget', 15500, 'Cederlunds Caloric', 'dinner Thursday'),
-       (17, 'System Bolaget', 22400, '4 x Farnese Sangiovese 56SEK', 'various'),
-       (17, 'System Bolaget', 22400, '4 x Farnese Sangiovese 56SEK', 'various'),
-       (17, 'System Bolaget', 13800, '2 x Jacobs Creek 69SEK', 'various'),
-       (18, 'J and Ls winecabinet', 10800, '2 x Parrotes 54SEK', 'various'),
-       (18, 'J and Ls winecabinet', 14700, '3 x Saint Paulin 49SEK', 'various'),
-       (18, 'J and Ls winecabinet', 10400, '2 x Farnese Sangioves 52SEK',
-        'cheaper when we bought it'),
-       (18, 'J and Ls winecabinet', 17800, '2 x Le Poiane 89SEK', 'various'),
-       (18, 'J and Ls winecabinet', 9800, '2 x Something Else 49SEK', 'various'),
-       (19, 'Konsum', 26000, 'Saturday Bread and Fruit', 'Slip MISSING'),
-       (20, 'Konsum', 15245, 'Mooseburgers', 'found slip'),
-       (21, 'Kals MatMarkn', 20650, 'Grilling', 'Friday dinner'),
-       (22, 'J and Ls freezer', 21000, 'Meat for Curry, grilling', ''),
-       (22, 'J and Ls cupboard', 3000, 'Rice', ''),
-       (22, 'J and Ls cupboard', 4000, 'Charcoal', ''),
-       (23, 'Fram', 2975, 'Potatoes', '3.5 kg @ 8.50SEK'),
-       (23, 'Fram', 1421, 'Peas', 'Thursday dinner'),
-       (24, 'Kals MatMarkn', 20650, 'Grilling', 'Friday dinner'),
-       (24, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2990, 'TP', 'None'),
-       (24, 'Kals MatMarkn', -2320, 'T-Gul', 'None')
-       ]
- 
-print [t[2] for t in slips]
-print (reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [t[2] for t in slips], 0))/900
diff --git a/demo/pickle_coroutine.py b/demo/pickle_coroutine.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/pickle_coroutine.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Stackless demo.
-
-This example only works on top of a pypy-c compiled with stackless features
-and the signal module:
-
-    translate.py --stackless targetpypystandalone --withmod-signal
-
-Usage:
-
-    pypy-c pickle_coroutine.py --start demo.pickle
-
-        Start the computation.  You can interrupt it at any time by
-        pressing Ctrl-C; at this point, the state of the computing
-        coroutine is saved in demo.pickle.
-
-    pypy-c pickle_coroutine.py --resume demo.pickle
-
-        Reload the coroutine from demo.pickle and continue running it.
-        (It can be interrupted again with Ctrl-C.)
-
-This demo is documented in detail in pypy/doc/stackless.txt.
-"""
-
-try:
-    import sys, pickle, signal
-    from stackless import coroutine
-except ImportError:
-    print __doc__
-    sys.exit(2)
-
-
-def ackermann(x, y):
-    check()
-    if x == 0:
-        return y + 1
-    if y == 0:
-        return ackermann(x - 1, 1)
-    return ackermann(x - 1, ackermann(x, y - 1))
-
-# ____________________________________________________________
-
-main = coroutine.getcurrent()
-sys.setrecursionlimit(100000)
-
-interrupt_flag = False
-
-def interrupt_handler(*args):
-    global interrupt_flag
-    interrupt_flag = True
-
-def check():
-    if interrupt_flag:
-        main.switch()
-
-
-def execute(coro):
-    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, interrupt_handler)
-    res = coro.switch()
-    if res is None and coro.is_alive:    # interrupted!
-        print "interrupted! writing %s..." % (filename,)
-        f = open(filename, 'w')
-        pickle.dump(coro, f)
-        f.close()
-        print "done"
-    else:
-        print "result:", res
-
-try:
-    operation, filename = sys.argv[1:]
-except ValueError:
-    print __doc__
-    sys.exit(2)
-
-if operation == '--start':
-    coro = coroutine()
-    coro.bind(ackermann, 3, 7)
-    print "running from the start..."
-    execute(coro)
-elif operation == '--resume':
-    print "reloading %s..." % (filename,)
-    f = open(filename)
-    coro = pickle.load(f)
-    f.close()
-    print "done, running now..."
-    execute(coro)
diff --git a/demo/sharedref.py b/demo/sharedref.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/sharedref.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-"""
-   This is an example usage of the 'thunk' object space of PyPy.
-   It implements transparent distributed object manipulation.
-
-   Start a server on a local port, say port 8888, with:
-
-       $ py.py -o thunk sharedref.py 8888
-       Waiting for connection on port 8888
-
-   Then start and connect a client from the same or another machine:
-
-       $ py.py -o thunk sharedref.py ip_or_name:8888
-       Connecting to ('...', 8888)
-       Ok
-       >>> l = [1,2,3]
-       >>> chan.send(l)    # send the list to the server over the connexion
-
-   On the server-side:
-
-       Connected from ('...', 1046)
-       >>> l = chan.recv()    # receive the list sent above
-       >>> l
-       [1, 2, 3]
-       >>> l.append(4)
-
-   Back on the client-side:
-
-       >>> l
-       [1, 2, 3, 4]
-
-   The list behaves like a single distributed object, which both sides can
-   modify and access without needing further explicit synchronization.
-   There is no difference between who was the original sender or receiver of
-   the object, nor between which side was originally 'server' or 'client'.
-"""
-
-import sys, marshal
-from __pypy__ import thunk, become
-from socket import *
-from select import select
-
-
-class Channel:
-
-    def __init__(self, s, serverside):
-        # invariants: a shared object 'obj' is
-        #  - either remote, and a thunk, and not a value in self.cache
-        #  - or local (or at least on "our" side of this Channel), and
-        #    then it has a corresponding key in self.cache
-        self.s = s
-        self.cache = {}
-        self.inputfifo = []
-        self.count = int(not serverside)
-
-##    def _check(self, obj):
-##        print '%s: cache=%r' % (self, self.cache.keys()),
-##        if is_thunk(obj):
-##            print 'THUNK'
-##        else:
-##            print obj
-
-    def sendraw(self, obj):
-        data = marshal.dumps(obj)
-        hdr = str(len(data))
-        hdr = '0'*(10-len(hdr)) + hdr
-        self.s.sendall(hdr + data)
-
-    def _readbytes(self, count):
-        data = ''
-        while len(data) < count:
-            t = self.s.recv(count - len(data))
-            if not t:
-                raise EOFError
-            data += t
-        return data
-
-    def recvraw(self):
-        datasize = int(self._readbytes(10))
-        data = self._readbytes(datasize)
-        return marshal.loads(data)
-
-    def send(self, obj, n=None):
-        #print 'send', n,; self._check(obj)
-        if n is None:
-            n = self.count
-            self.count += 2
-            data = (n, obj, None)
-        else:
-            data = (n, obj)
-        self.sendraw(data)
-        become(obj, thunk(self._resume, n))
-        #print 'done', n,; self._check(obj)
-
-    def recv(self):
-        obj = self.inputfifo.pop(0)
-        #print 'recv',; self._check(obj)
-        return obj
-
-    def _resume(self, n):
-        #print 'resume', n,; sys.stdout.flush()
-        assert n not in self.cache
-        self.sendraw((n,))
-        while n not in self.cache:
-            self.handle_once()
-        obj = self.cache[n]
-        #self._check(obj)
-        return obj
-
-    def handle_once(self):
-        input = self.recvraw()
-        if len(input) > 1:
-            obj = input[1]
-            self.cache[input[0]] = obj
-            if len(input) > 2:
-                self.inputfifo.append(obj)
-        else:
-            n = input[0]
-            obj = self.cache[n]
-            self.send(obj, n)
-            del self.cache[n]
-
-
-def mainloop(channels):
-    stdin = sys.stdin.fileno()
-    sockfd = [chan.s.fileno() for chan in channels]
-    while True:
-        sys.stdout.write('>>> ')
-        sys.stdout.flush()
-        while True:
-            iwtd, owtd, ewtd = select([stdin] + sockfd, [], [stdin])
-            if stdin in iwtd or stdin in ewtd: break
-            for chan in channels:
-                if chan.s.fileno() in iwtd:
-                    chan.handle_once()
-        code = raw_input()
-        if not code: break
-        try:
-            co = compile(code, '<input>', 'single')
-            exec co in globals()
-        except Exception, e:
-            print e.__class__.__name__, str(e)
-
-
-def server(port):
-    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
-    s.bind(('', port))
-    s.listen(1)
-    print 'Waiting for connection on port', port
-    s, addr = s.accept()
-    print 'Connected from', addr
-    return Channel(s, True)
-
-def client(addr):
-    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
-    print 'Connecting to', addr
-    s.connect(addr)
-    print 'Ok'
-    return Channel(s, False)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    try:
-        thunk, become    # only available in 'py.py -o thunk'
-    except NameError:
-        print __doc__
-        raise SystemExit(2)
-
-    channels = []
-    for a in sys.argv[1:]:
-        try:
-            port = int(a)
-        except ValueError:
-            host, port = a.split(':')
-            port = int(port)
-            chan = client((host, port))
-        else:
-            chan = server(port)
-        channels.append(chan)
-
-    try:
-        mainloop(channels)
-    finally:
-        for channel in channels:
-                channel.s.close()
diff --git a/demo/tproxy/persistence.py b/demo/tproxy/persistence.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/tproxy/persistence.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-"""
-
-This small example implements a basic orthogonal persistence 
-mechanism on top of PyPy's transparent proxies. 
-
-"""
-from tputil import make_proxy
-
-list_changeops = set('__iadd__ __imul__ __delitem__ __setitem__ __setattr__'
-                     '__delslice__ __setslice__ '
-                     'append extend insert pop remove reverse sort'.split())
-
-dict_changeops = set('__delitem__ __setitem__  __setattr__'
-                     'clear pop popitem setdefault update'.split())
-
-def ischangeop(operation): 
-    """ return True if this operation is a changing operation 
-        on known builtins (dicts, lists). 
-    """ 
-    if isinstance(operation.obj, list):
-        changeops = list_changeops 
-    elif isinstance(operation.obj, dict):
-        changeops = dict_changeops 
-    else:
-        return False
-    return operation.opname in changeops 
-
-def make_persistent_proxy(instance, storage): 
-    def perform(operation): 
-        res = operation.delegate()
-        if ischangeop(operation):
-            print "persisting after:", operation 
-            storage.dump(instance)
-        if res is not operation.proxyobj and isinstance(res, (dict, list)):
-            res = make_proxy(perform, obj=res)
-        return res
-    return make_proxy(perform, obj=instance) 
-
-def load(storage):
-    obj = storage.load()
-    return make_persistent_proxy(obj, storage) 
-    
-if __name__ == '__main__': 
-    import py 
-    storage = py.path.local("/tmp/dictpickle")
-    pdict = make_persistent_proxy({}, storage) 
-
-    # the code below is not aware of pdict being a proxy 
-    assert type(pdict) is dict
-    pdict['hello'] = 'world'       
-    pdict['somelist'] = []
-    del pdict 
-
-    newdict = load(storage) 
-    assert newdict == {'hello': 'world', 'somelist': []}
-    l = newdict['somelist']  
-    l.append(1)              # this triggers persisting the whole dict 
-    l.extend([2,3])          # this triggers persisting the whole dict 
-    del newdict, l 
-    
-    newdict = load(storage)
-    print newdict['somelist']   # will show [1,2,3]
diff --git a/demo/tproxy/print_operations.py b/demo/tproxy/print_operations.py
deleted file mode 100644
--- a/demo/tproxy/print_operations.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-"""
-
-This example transparently intercepts and shows operations on 
-builtin objects.  Requires the "--objspace-std-withtproxy" option. 
-
-"""
-
-from tputil import make_proxy 
-
-def make_show_proxy(instance):
-    def controller(operation):
-        print "proxy sees:", operation
-        res = operation.delegate()
-        return res
-    tproxy = make_proxy(controller, obj=instance)
-    return tproxy
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    mydict = make_show_proxy({}) 
-    assert type(mydict) is dict            # this looks exactly like a dict 
-    mydict['hello'] = 'world'              # will print __setitem__
-    mydict[42] = 23                        # will print __setitem__
-    assert mydict.pop('hello') == 'world'  # will print pop
-    assert mydict.popitem() == (42,23)     # will print popitem
-
-
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_internals.py b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_internals.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_internals.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_internals.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 # This tests the internal _objects attribute
 import unittest
 from ctypes import *
-from sys import getrefcount as grc
+try:
+    from sys import getrefcount as grc
+except ImportError:
+    grc = None      # e.g. PyPy
 
 # XXX This test must be reviewed for correctness!!!
 
@@ -22,6 +25,8 @@
         self.assertEqual(id(a), id(b))
 
     def test_ints(self):
+        if grc is None:
+            return unittest.skip("no sys.getrefcount()")
         i = 42000123
         refcnt = grc(i)
         ci = c_int(i)
@@ -29,6 +34,8 @@
         self.assertEqual(ci._objects, None)
 
     def test_c_char_p(self):
+        if grc is None:
+            return unittest.skip("no sys.getrefcount()")
         s = "Hello, World"
         refcnt = grc(s)
         cs = c_char_p(s)
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_memfunctions.py
@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@
         s = string_at("foo bar")
         # XXX The following may be wrong, depending on how Python
         # manages string instances
-        self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(s))
+        if hasattr(sys, 'getrefcount'):
+            self.assertEqual(2, sys.getrefcount(s))
         self.assertTrue(s, "foo bar")
 
         self.assertEqual(string_at("foo bar", 8), "foo bar\0")
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_python_api.py b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_python_api.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_python_api.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_python_api.py
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 
 ################################################################
 
-from sys import getrefcount as grc
+try:
+    from sys import getrefcount as grc
+except ImportError:
+    grc = None      # e.g. PyPy
 if sys.version_info > (2, 4):
     c_py_ssize_t = c_size_t
 else:
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_refcounts.py b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_refcounts.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_refcounts.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/ctypes/test/test_refcounts.py
@@ -11,7 +11,10 @@
 class RefcountTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_1(self):
-        from sys import getrefcount as grc
+        try:
+            from sys import getrefcount as grc
+        except ImportError:
+            return unittest.skip("no sys.getrefcount()")
 
         f = dll._testfunc_callback_i_if
         f.restype = ctypes.c_int
@@ -35,7 +38,10 @@
 
 
     def test_refcount(self):
-        from sys import getrefcount as grc
+        try:
+            from sys import getrefcount as grc
+        except ImportError:
+            return unittest.skip("no sys.getrefcount()")
         def func(*args):
             pass
         # this is the standard refcount for func
@@ -84,6 +90,10 @@
 class AnotherLeak(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_callback(self):
         import sys
+        try:
+            from sys import getrefcount
+        except ImportError:
+            return unittest.skip("no sys.getrefcount()")
 
         proto = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int)
         def func(a, b):
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py b/lib-python/2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/distutils/command/build_ext.py
@@ -699,6 +699,9 @@
         shared extension.  On most platforms, this is just 'ext.libraries';
         on Windows and OS/2, we add the Python library (eg. python20.dll).
         """
+        # For PyPy, we must not add any such Python library, on any platform
+        if "__pypy__" in sys.builtin_module_names:
+            return ext.libraries
         # The python library is always needed on Windows.
         if sys.platform == "win32":
             template = "python%d%d"
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/json/decoder.py b/lib-python/2.7/json/decoder.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/json/decoder.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/json/decoder.py
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@
 
 DEFAULT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
 
-def py_scanstring(s, end, encoding=None, strict=True,
-        _b=BACKSLASH, _m=STRINGCHUNK.match):
+def py_scanstring(s, end, encoding=None, strict=True):
     """Scan the string s for a JSON string. End is the index of the
     character in s after the quote that started the JSON string.
     Unescapes all valid JSON string escape sequences and raises ValueError
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@
     _append = chunks.append
     begin = end - 1
     while 1:
-        chunk = _m(s, end)
+        chunk = STRINGCHUNK.match(s, end)
         if chunk is None:
             raise ValueError(
                 errmsg("Unterminated string starting at", s, begin))
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@
         # If not a unicode escape sequence, must be in the lookup table
         if esc != 'u':
             try:
-                char = _b[esc]
+                char = BACKSLASH[esc]
             except KeyError:
                 msg = "Invalid \\escape: " + repr(esc)
                 raise ValueError(errmsg(msg, s, end))
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@
 WHITESPACE_STR = ' \t\n\r'
 
 def JSONObject(s_and_end, encoding, strict, scan_once, object_hook,
-               object_pairs_hook, _w=WHITESPACE.match, _ws=WHITESPACE_STR):
+               object_pairs_hook):
     s, end = s_and_end
     pairs = []
     pairs_append = pairs.append
@@ -156,8 +155,8 @@
     nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
     # Normally we expect nextchar == '"'
     if nextchar != '"':
-        if nextchar in _ws:
-            end = _w(s, end).end()
+        if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
+            end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end).end()
             nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
         # Trivial empty object
         if nextchar == '}':
@@ -177,17 +176,17 @@
         # To skip some function call overhead we optimize the fast paths where
         # the JSON key separator is ": " or just ":".
         if s[end:end + 1] != ':':
-            end = _w(s, end).end()
+            end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end).end()
             if s[end:end + 1] != ':':
                 raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting : delimiter", s, end))
 
         end += 1
 
         try:
-            if s[end] in _ws:
+            if s[end] in WHITESPACE_STR:
                 end += 1
-                if s[end] in _ws:
-                    end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+                if s[end] in WHITESPACE_STR:
+                    end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
         except IndexError:
             pass
 
@@ -199,8 +198,8 @@
 
         try:
             nextchar = s[end]
-            if nextchar in _ws:
-                end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+            if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
+                end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
                 nextchar = s[end]
         except IndexError:
             nextchar = ''
@@ -213,11 +212,11 @@
 
         try:
             nextchar = s[end]
-            if nextchar in _ws:
+            if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
                 end += 1
                 nextchar = s[end]
-                if nextchar in _ws:
-                    end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+                if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
+                    end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
                     nextchar = s[end]
         except IndexError:
             nextchar = ''
@@ -234,12 +233,12 @@
         pairs = object_hook(pairs)
     return pairs, end
 
-def JSONArray(s_and_end, scan_once, _w=WHITESPACE.match, _ws=WHITESPACE_STR):
+def JSONArray(s_and_end, scan_once):
     s, end = s_and_end
     values = []
     nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
-    if nextchar in _ws:
-        end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+    if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
+        end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
         nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
     # Look-ahead for trivial empty array
     if nextchar == ']':
@@ -252,8 +251,8 @@
             raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting object", s, end))
         _append(value)
         nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
-        if nextchar in _ws:
-            end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+        if nextchar in WHITESPACE_STR:
+            end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
             nextchar = s[end:end + 1]
         end += 1
         if nextchar == ']':
@@ -262,10 +261,10 @@
             raise ValueError(errmsg("Expecting , delimiter", s, end))
 
         try:
-            if s[end] in _ws:
+            if s[end] in WHITESPACE_STR:
                 end += 1
-                if s[end] in _ws:
-                    end = _w(s, end + 1).end()
+                if s[end] in WHITESPACE_STR:
+                    end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end + 1).end()
         except IndexError:
             pass
 
@@ -358,13 +357,13 @@
         self.parse_string = scanstring
         self.scan_once = scanner.make_scanner(self)
 
-    def decode(self, s, _w=WHITESPACE.match):
+    def decode(self, s):
         """Return the Python representation of ``s`` (a ``str`` or ``unicode``
         instance containing a JSON document)
 
         """
-        obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
-        end = _w(s, end).end()
+        obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=WHITESPACE.match(s, 0).end())
+        end = WHITESPACE.match(s, end).end()
         if end != len(s):
             raise ValueError(errmsg("Extra data", s, end, len(s)))
         return obj
diff --git a/lib-python/2.7/timeit.py b/lib-python/2.7/timeit.py
--- a/lib-python/2.7/timeit.py
+++ b/lib-python/2.7/timeit.py
@@ -190,7 +190,8 @@
         else:
             it = [None] * number
         gcold = gc.isenabled()
-        gc.disable()
+        if '__pypy__' not in sys.builtin_module_names:
+            gc.disable()    # only do that on CPython
         try:
             timing = self.inner(it, self.timer)
         finally:
diff --git a/lib-python/conftest.py b/lib-python/conftest.py
--- a/lib-python/conftest.py
+++ b/lib-python/conftest.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.main import run_string, run_file
 
 # the following adds command line options as a side effect! 
-from pypy.conftest import gettestobjspace, option as pypy_option 
+from pypy.conftest import option as pypy_option 
 
 from pypy.tool.pytest import appsupport 
 from pypy.tool.pytest.confpath import pypydir, testdir, testresultdir
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py b/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_ctypes_test.py
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@
 import tempfile
 import gc
 
-# Monkeypatch & hacks to let ctypes.tests import.
-# This should be removed at some point.
-sys.getrefcount = lambda x: len(gc.get_referrers(x)) - 1
-
 def compile_shared():
     """Compile '_ctypes_test.c' into an extension module, and import it
     """
diff --git a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
--- a/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/_sqlite3.py
@@ -784,6 +784,9 @@
                 self.statement.reset()
                 raise self.connection._get_exception(ret)
 
+            if self.statement.kind == DML:
+                self.statement.reset()
+
             if self.statement.kind == DQL and ret == SQLITE_ROW:
                 self.statement._build_row_cast_map()
                 self.statement._readahead(self)
@@ -791,9 +794,6 @@
                 self.statement.item = None
                 self.statement.exhausted = True
 
-            if self.statement.kind == DML:
-                self.statement.reset()
-
             self.rowcount = -1
             if self.statement.kind == DML:
                 self.rowcount = sqlite.sqlite3_changes(self.connection.db)
diff --git a/lib_pypy/stackless.py b/lib_pypy/stackless.py
--- a/lib_pypy/stackless.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/stackless.py
@@ -434,8 +434,8 @@
     def insert(self):
         if self.blocked:
             raise RuntimeError, "You cannot run a blocked tasklet"
-            if not self.alive:
-                raise RuntimeError, "You cannot run an unbound(dead) tasklet"
+        if not self.alive:
+            raise RuntimeError, "You cannot run an unbound(dead) tasklet"
         _scheduler_append(self)
 
     def remove(self):
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/annrpython.py b/pypy/annotation/annrpython.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/annrpython.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/annrpython.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import types
 from pypy.tool.ansi_print import ansi_log
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import pair
@@ -6,7 +8,7 @@
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import (Variable, Constant, FunctionGraph,
                                       c_last_exception, checkgraph)
 from pypy.translator import simplify, transform
-from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel, signature
+from pypy.annotation import model as annmodel, signature, unaryop, binaryop
 from pypy.annotation.bookkeeper import Bookkeeper
 import py
 log = py.log.Producer("annrpython")
@@ -373,7 +375,12 @@
         # Merge the new 'cells' with each of the block's existing input
         # variables.
         oldcells = [self.binding(a) for a in block.inputargs]
-        unions = [annmodel.unionof(c1,c2) for c1, c2 in zip(oldcells,inputcells)]
+        try:
+            unions = [annmodel.unionof(c1,c2) for c1, c2 in zip(oldcells,inputcells)]
+        except annmodel.UnionError, e:
+            e.args = e.args + (
+                ErrorWrapper(gather_error(self, graph, block, None)),)
+            raise
         # if the merged cells changed, we must redo the analysis
         if unions != oldcells:
             self.bindinputargs(graph, block, unions)
@@ -446,12 +453,12 @@
         # occour for this specific, typed operation.
         if block.exitswitch == c_last_exception:
             op = block.operations[-1]
-            if op.opname in annmodel.BINARY_OPERATIONS:
+            if op.opname in binaryop.BINARY_OPERATIONS:
                 arg1 = self.binding(op.args[0])
                 arg2 = self.binding(op.args[1])
                 binop = getattr(pair(arg1, arg2), op.opname, None)
                 can_only_throw = annmodel.read_can_only_throw(binop, arg1, arg2)
-            elif op.opname in annmodel.UNARY_OPERATIONS:
+            elif op.opname in unaryop.UNARY_OPERATIONS:
                 arg1 = self.binding(op.args[0])
                 opname = op.opname
                 if opname == 'contains': opname = 'op_contains'
@@ -622,10 +629,10 @@
         return self.bookkeeper.newdict()
 
 
-    def _registeroperations(cls, model):
+    def _registeroperations(cls, unary_ops, binary_ops):
         # All unary operations
         d = {}
-        for opname in model.UNARY_OPERATIONS:
+        for opname in unary_ops:
             fnname = 'consider_op_' + opname
             exec py.code.Source("""
 def consider_op_%s(self, arg, *args):
@@ -633,7 +640,7 @@
 """ % (opname, opname)).compile() in globals(), d
             setattr(cls, fnname, d[fnname])
         # All binary operations
-        for opname in model.BINARY_OPERATIONS:
+        for opname in binary_ops:
             fnname = 'consider_op_' + opname
             exec py.code.Source("""
 def consider_op_%s(self, arg1, arg2, *args):
@@ -643,7 +650,7 @@
     _registeroperations = classmethod(_registeroperations)
 
 # register simple operations handling
-RPythonAnnotator._registeroperations(annmodel)
+RPythonAnnotator._registeroperations(unaryop.UNARY_OPERATIONS, binaryop.BINARY_OPERATIONS)
 
 
 class BlockedInference(Exception):
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/binaryop.py b/pypy/annotation/binaryop.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/binaryop.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/binaryop.py
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 from pypy.tool.pairtype import pair, pairtype
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeObject, SomeInteger, SomeBool, s_Bool
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeString, SomeChar, SomeList, SomeDict
-from pypy.annotation.model import SomeUnicodeCodePoint, SomeStringOrUnicode
+from pypy.annotation.model import SomeUnicodeCodePoint, SomeUnicodeString
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeTuple, SomeImpossibleValue, s_ImpossibleValue
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeInstance, SomeBuiltin, SomeIterator
-from pypy.annotation.model import SomePBC, SomeFloat, s_None
+from pypy.annotation.model import SomePBC, SomeFloat, s_None, SomeByteArray
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeExternalObject, SomeWeakRef
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeAddress, SomeTypedAddressAccess
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeSingleFloat, SomeLongFloat, SomeType
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 from pypy.annotation.model import read_can_only_throw
 from pypy.annotation.model import add_knowntypedata, merge_knowntypedata
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeGenericCallable
-from pypy.annotation.model import SomeUnicodeString
 from pypy.annotation.bookkeeper import getbookkeeper
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Variable, Constant
 from pypy.rlib import rarithmetic
@@ -416,6 +415,34 @@
             result.const = str1.const + str2.const
         return result
 
+class __extend__(pairtype(SomeByteArray, SomeByteArray)):
+    def union((b1, b2)):
+        can_be_None = b1.can_be_None or b2.can_be_None
+        return SomeByteArray(can_be_None=can_be_None)
+
+    def add((b1, b2)):
+        result = SomeByteArray()
+        if b1.is_immutable_constant() and b2.is_immutable_constant():
+            result.const = b1.const + b2.const
+        return result
+
+class __extend__(pairtype(SomeByteArray, SomeInteger)):
+    def getitem((s_b, s_i)):
+        return SomeInteger()
+
+    def setitem((s_b, s_i), s_i2):
+        assert isinstance(s_i2, SomeInteger)
+
+class __extend__(pairtype(SomeString, SomeByteArray),
+                 pairtype(SomeByteArray, SomeString),
+                 pairtype(SomeChar, SomeByteArray),
+                 pairtype(SomeByteArray, SomeChar)):
+    def add((b1, b2)):
+        result = SomeByteArray()
+        if b1.is_immutable_constant() and b2.is_immutable_constant():
+            result.const = b1.const + b2.const
+        return result
+
 class __extend__(pairtype(SomeChar, SomeChar)):
 
     def union((chr1, chr2)):
@@ -458,7 +485,8 @@
         for s_item in s_tuple.items:
             if isinstance(s_item, SomeFloat):
                 pass   # or s_item is a subclass, like SomeInteger
-            elif isinstance(s_item, SomeStringOrUnicode) and s_item.no_nul:
+            elif (isinstance(s_item, SomeString) or
+                  isinstance(s_item, SomeUnicodeString)) and s_item.no_nul:
                 pass
             else:
                 no_nul = False
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/bookkeeper.py b/pypy/annotation/bookkeeper.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/bookkeeper.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/bookkeeper.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 """
 The Bookkeeper class.
 """
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import sys, types, inspect, weakref
 
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Constant
@@ -10,7 +13,7 @@
      SomeUnicodeCodePoint, SomeOOStaticMeth, s_None, s_ImpossibleValue, \
      SomeLLADTMeth, SomeBool, SomeTuple, SomeOOClass, SomeImpossibleValue, \
      SomeUnicodeString, SomeList, SomeObject, HarmlesslyBlocked, \
-     SomeWeakRef, lltype_to_annotation, SomeType
+     SomeWeakRef, lltype_to_annotation, SomeType, SomeByteArray
 from pypy.annotation.classdef import InstanceSource, ClassDef
 from pypy.annotation.listdef import ListDef, ListItem
 from pypy.annotation.dictdef import DictDef
@@ -346,6 +349,8 @@
                 result = SomeUnicodeCodePoint()
             else:
                 result = SomeUnicodeString()
+        elif tp is bytearray:
+            result = SomeByteArray()
         elif tp is tuple:
             result = SomeTuple(items = [self.immutablevalue(e, need_const) for e in x])
         elif tp is float:
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/builtin.py b/pypy/annotation/builtin.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/builtin.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/builtin.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeFloat, unionof, SomeUnicodeString
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomePBC, SomeInstance, SomeDict, SomeList
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeWeakRef, SomeIterator
-from pypy.annotation.model import SomeOOObject
+from pypy.annotation.model import SomeOOObject, SomeByteArray
 from pypy.annotation.model import annotation_to_lltype, lltype_to_annotation, ll_to_annotation
 from pypy.annotation.model import add_knowntypedata
 from pypy.annotation.model import s_ImpossibleValue
@@ -119,6 +119,9 @@
 def builtin_unicode(s_unicode):
     return constpropagate(unicode, [s_unicode], SomeUnicodeString())
 
+def builtin_bytearray(s_str):
+    return constpropagate(bytearray, [s_str], SomeByteArray())
+
 def our_issubclass(cls1, cls2):
     """ we're going to try to be less silly in the face of old-style classes"""
     from pypy.annotation.classdef import ClassDef
@@ -253,24 +256,6 @@
                 s = SomeInteger(nonneg=True, knowntype=s.knowntype)
         return s
 
-def builtin_apply(*stuff):
-    getbookkeeper().warning("ignoring apply%r" % (stuff,))
-    return SomeObject()
-
-##def builtin_slice(*args):
-##    bk = getbookkeeper()
-##    if len(args) == 1:
-##        return SomeSlice(
-##            bk.immutablevalue(None), args[0], bk.immutablevalue(None))
-##    elif len(args) == 2:
-##        return SomeSlice(
-##            args[0], args[1], bk.immutablevalue(None))
-##    elif len(args) == 3:
-##        return SomeSlice(
-##            args[0], args[1], args[2])
-##    else:
-##        raise Exception, "bogus call to slice()"
-
 
 def OSError_init(s_self, *args):
     pass
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/description.py b/pypy/annotation/description.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/description.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/description.py
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import absolute_import
 import types, py
+from pypy.annotation.signature import enforce_signature_args, enforce_signature_return
 from pypy.objspace.flow.model import Constant, FunctionGraph
 from pypy.objspace.flow.bytecode import cpython_code_signature
 from pypy.objspace.flow.argument import rawshape, ArgErr
@@ -275,12 +277,17 @@
             policy = self.bookkeeper.annotator.policy
             self.specializer = policy.get_specializer(tag)
         enforceargs = getattr(self.pyobj, '_annenforceargs_', None)
+        signature = getattr(self.pyobj, '_signature_', None)
+        if enforceargs and signature:
+            raise Exception("%r: signature and enforceargs cannot both be used" % (self,))
         if enforceargs:
             if not callable(enforceargs):
                 from pypy.annotation.policy import Sig
                 enforceargs = Sig(*enforceargs)
                 self.pyobj._annenforceargs_ = enforceargs
             enforceargs(self, inputcells) # can modify inputcells in-place
+        if signature:
+            enforce_signature_args(self, signature[0], inputcells) # mutates inputcells
         if getattr(self.pyobj, '_annspecialcase_', '').endswith("call_location"):
             return self.specializer(self, inputcells, op)
         else:
@@ -297,6 +304,10 @@
             new_args = args.unmatch_signature(self.signature, inputcells)
             inputcells = self.parse_arguments(new_args, graph)
             result = schedule(graph, inputcells)
+            signature = getattr(self.pyobj, '_signature_', None)
+            if signature:
+                result = enforce_signature_return(self, signature[1], result)
+                self.bookkeeper.annotator.addpendingblock(graph, graph.returnblock, [result])
         # Some specializations may break the invariant of returning
         # annotations that are always more general than the previous time.
         # We restore it here:
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/model.py b/pypy/annotation/model.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/model.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/model.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #    \_____________________________________________________/
 #
 
+from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 from types import BuiltinFunctionType, MethodType, FunctionType
 import pypy
@@ -201,11 +202,16 @@
             self.knowntypedata = knowntypedata
 
 class SomeStringOrUnicode(SomeObject):
+    """Base class for shared implementation of SomeString and SomeUnicodeString.
+
+    Cannot be an annotation."""
+
     immutable = True
     can_be_None=False
     no_nul = False  # No NUL character in the string.
 
     def __init__(self, can_be_None=False, no_nul=False):
+        assert type(self) is not SomeStringOrUnicode
         if can_be_None:
             self.can_be_None = True
         if no_nul:
@@ -224,19 +230,19 @@
             d2 = d2.copy(); d2['no_nul'] = 0   # ignored
         return d1 == d2
 
+    def nonnoneify(self):
+        return self.__class__(can_be_None=False, no_nul=self.no_nul)
+
 class SomeString(SomeStringOrUnicode):
     "Stands for an object which is known to be a string."
     knowntype = str
 
-    def nonnoneify(self):
-        return SomeString(can_be_None=False, no_nul=self.no_nul)
-
 class SomeUnicodeString(SomeStringOrUnicode):
     "Stands for an object which is known to be an unicode string"
     knowntype = unicode
 
-    def nonnoneify(self):
-        return SomeUnicodeString(can_be_None=False, no_nul=self.no_nul)
+class SomeByteArray(SomeStringOrUnicode):
+    knowntype = bytearray
 
 class SomeChar(SomeString):
     "Stands for an object known to be a string of length 1."
@@ -384,6 +390,14 @@
                 desc, = descriptions
                 if desc.pyobj is not None:
                     self.const = desc.pyobj
+            elif len(descriptions) > 1:
+                from pypy.annotation.description import ClassDesc
+                if self.getKind() is ClassDesc:
+                    # a PBC of several classes: enforce them all to be
+                    # built, without support for specialization.  See
+                    # rpython/test/test_rpbc.test_pbc_of_classes_not_all_used
+                    for desc in descriptions:
+                        desc.getuniqueclassdef()
 
     def any_description(self):
         return iter(self.descriptions).next()
@@ -700,7 +714,7 @@
     return r
 
 def not_const(s_obj):
-    if s_obj.is_constant():
+    if s_obj.is_constant() and not isinstance(s_obj, SomePBC):
         new_s_obj = SomeObject.__new__(s_obj.__class__)
         dic = new_s_obj.__dict__ = s_obj.__dict__.copy()
         if 'const' in dic:
@@ -764,7 +778,3 @@
     else:
         raise RuntimeError("The annotator relies on 'assert' statements from the\n"
                      "\tannotated program: you cannot run it with 'python -O'.")
-
-# this has the side-effect of registering the unary and binary operations
-from pypy.annotation.unaryop  import UNARY_OPERATIONS
-from pypy.annotation.binaryop import BINARY_OPERATIONS
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/signature.py b/pypy/annotation/signature.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/signature.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/signature.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+
+from __future__ import absolute_import
 
 import types
 from pypy.annotation.model import SomeBool, SomeInteger, SomeString,\
@@ -128,3 +130,30 @@
                                              s_arg,
                                              s_input))
         inputcells[:] = args_s
+
+def finish_type(paramtype, bookkeeper, func):
+    from pypy.rlib.types import SelfTypeMarker
+    if isinstance(paramtype, SomeObject):
+        return paramtype
+    elif isinstance(paramtype, SelfTypeMarker):
+        raise Exception("%r argument declared as annotation.types.self(); class needs decorator rlib.signature.finishsigs()" % (func,))
+    else:
+        return paramtype(bookkeeper)
+
+def enforce_signature_args(funcdesc, paramtypes, actualtypes):
+    assert len(paramtypes) == len(actualtypes)
+    params_s = [finish_type(paramtype, funcdesc.bookkeeper, funcdesc.pyobj) for paramtype in paramtypes]
+    for i, (s_param, s_actual) in enumerate(zip(params_s, actualtypes)):
+        if not s_param.contains(s_actual):
+            raise Exception("%r argument %d:\n"
+                            "expected %s,\n"
+                            "     got %s" % (funcdesc, i+1, s_param, s_actual))
+    actualtypes[:] = params_s
+
+def enforce_signature_return(funcdesc, sigtype, inferredtype):
+    s_sigret = finish_type(sigtype, funcdesc.bookkeeper, funcdesc.pyobj)
+    if not s_sigret.contains(inferredtype):
+        raise Exception("%r return value:\n"
+                        "expected %s,\n"
+                        "     got %s" % (funcdesc, s_sigret, inferredtype))
+    return s_sigret
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/test/test_annrpython.py b/pypy/annotation/test/test_annrpython.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/test/test_annrpython.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/test/test_annrpython.py
@@ -255,13 +255,6 @@
         assert getcdef(snippet.H).about_attribute('attr') == (
                           a.bookkeeper.immutablevalue(1))
 
-    def DISABLED_test_knownkeysdict(self):
-        # disabled, SomeDict() is now a general {s_key: s_value} dict
-        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
-        s = a.build_types(snippet.knownkeysdict, [int])
-        # result should be an integer
-        assert s.knowntype == int
-
     def test_generaldict(self):
         a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
         s = a.build_types(snippet.generaldict, [str, int, str, int])
@@ -483,6 +476,13 @@
         s = a.build_types(f, [str])
         assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeString)
 
+    def test_str_isalpha(self):
+        def f(s):
+            return s.isalpha()
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        s = a.build_types(f, [str])
+        assert isinstance(s, annmodel.SomeBool)
+
     def test_simple_slicing(self):
         a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
         s = a.build_types(snippet.simple_slice, [somelist(annmodel.s_Int)])
@@ -3819,6 +3819,37 @@
         a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
         a.build_types(f, []) # assert did not explode
 
+    def test_bytearray(self):
+        def f():
+            return bytearray("xyz")
+
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        assert isinstance(a.build_types(f, []), annmodel.SomeByteArray)
+
+    def test_bytearray_add(self):
+        def f(a):
+            return a + bytearray("xyz")
+
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        assert isinstance(a.build_types(f, [annmodel.SomeByteArray()]),
+                          annmodel.SomeByteArray)
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        assert isinstance(a.build_types(f, [str]),
+                          annmodel.SomeByteArray)
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        assert isinstance(a.build_types(f, [annmodel.SomeChar()]),
+                          annmodel.SomeByteArray)
+
+    def test_bytearray_setitem_getitem(self):
+        def f(b, i, c):
+            b[i] = c
+            return b[i + 1]
+
+        a = self.RPythonAnnotator()
+        assert isinstance(a.build_types(f, [annmodel.SomeByteArray(),
+                                            int, int]),
+                          annmodel.SomeInteger)
+
 def g(n):
     return [0,1,2,n]
 
diff --git a/pypy/annotation/unaryop.py b/pypy/annotation/unaryop.py
--- a/pypy/annotation/unaryop.py
+++ b/pypy/annotation/unaryop.py
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 Unary operations on SomeValues.
 """
 
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 from types import MethodType
 from pypy.annotation.model import \
      SomeObject, SomeInteger, SomeBool, SomeString, SomeChar, SomeList, \
@@ -524,7 +526,14 @@
         return SomeString()
     method_encode.can_only_throw = [UnicodeEncodeError]
 
+
 class __extend__(SomeString):
+    def method_isdigit(chr):
+        return s_Bool
+
+    def method_isalpha(chr):
+        return s_Bool
+
     def method_upper(str):
         return SomeString()
 
@@ -560,12 +569,6 @@
     def method_isspace(chr):
         return s_Bool
 
-    def method_isdigit(chr):
-        return s_Bool
-
-    def method_isalpha(chr):
-        return s_Bool
-
     def method_isalnum(chr):
         return s_Bool
 
diff --git a/pypy/bin/py.py b/pypy/bin/py.py
--- a/pypy/bin/py.py
+++ b/pypy/bin/py.py
@@ -65,10 +65,17 @@
     config, parser = option.get_standard_options()
     interactiveconfig = Config(cmdline_optiondescr)
     to_optparse(interactiveconfig, parser=parser)
+    def set_family_of_options(option, opt, value, parser):
+        from pypy.config.pypyoption import set_pypy_opt_level
+        set_pypy_opt_level(config, value)
     parser.add_option(
         '--cc', type=str, action="callback",
         callback=set_compiler,
         help="Compiler to use for compiling generated C")
+    parser.add_option(
+        '--opt', type=str, action="callback",
+        callback=set_family_of_options,
+        help="Set the family of options based on -opt=0,1,2,jit...")
     args = option.process_options(parser, argv[1:])
     if interactiveconfig.verbose:
         error.RECORD_INTERPLEVEL_TRACEBACK = True
diff --git a/pypy/config/pypyoption.py b/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
--- a/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
+++ b/pypy/config/pypyoption.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-import autopath
-import py, os
 import sys
-from pypy.config.config import OptionDescription, BoolOption, IntOption, ArbitraryOption
-from pypy.config.config import ChoiceOption, StrOption, to_optparse, Config
-from pypy.config.config import ConflictConfigError
+
+import py
+
+from pypy.config.config import (OptionDescription, BoolOption, IntOption,
+  ChoiceOption, StrOption, to_optparse, ConflictConfigError)
 from pypy.config.translationoption import IS_64_BITS
 
+
 modulepath = py.path.local(__file__).dirpath().dirpath().join("module")
 all_modules = [p.basename for p in modulepath.listdir()
                if p.check(dir=True, dotfile=False)
@@ -128,24 +129,11 @@
 
 
 pypy_optiondescription = OptionDescription("objspace", "Object Space Options", [
-    ChoiceOption("name", "Object Space name",
-                 ["std", "flow", "thunk", "dump"],
-                 "std",
-                 cmdline='--objspace -o'),
-
     OptionDescription("opcodes", "opcodes to enable in the interpreter", [
         BoolOption("CALL_METHOD", "emit a special bytecode for expr.name()",
                    default=False),
         ]),
 
-    BoolOption("nofaking", "disallow faking in the object space",
-               default=False,
-               requires=[
-                   ("objspace.usemodules.posix", True),
-                   ("objspace.usemodules.time", True),
-                   ("objspace.usemodules.errno", True)],
-               cmdline='--nofaking'),
-
     OptionDescription("usemodules", "Which Modules should be used", [
         BoolOption(modname, "use module %s" % (modname, ),
                    default=modname in default_modules,
@@ -177,10 +165,6 @@
                cmdline="--translationmodules",
                suggests=[("objspace.allworkingmodules", False)]),
 
-    BoolOption("logbytecodes",
-               "keep track of bytecode usage",
-               default=False),
-
     BoolOption("usepycfiles", "Write and read pyc files when importing",
                default=True),
 
@@ -201,10 +185,6 @@
                "make sure that all calls go through space.call_args",
                default=False),
 
-    BoolOption("timing",
-               "timing of various parts of the interpreter (simple profiling)",
-               default=False),
-
     OptionDescription("std", "Standard Object Space Options", [
         BoolOption("withtproxy", "support transparent proxies",
                    default=True),
@@ -228,12 +208,6 @@
                    requires=[("objspace.std.withsmallint", False)]),
                              #  ^^^ because of missing delegate_xx2yy
 
-        BoolOption("withstrjoin", "use strings optimized for addition",
-                   default=False),
-
-        BoolOption("withstrslice", "use strings optimized for slicing",
-                   default=False),
-
         BoolOption("withstrbuf", "use strings optimized for addition (ver 2)",
                    default=False),
 
@@ -254,18 +228,6 @@
                    "use specialised tuples",
                    default=False),
 
-        BoolOption("withrope", "use ropes as the string implementation",
-                   default=False,
-                   requires=[("objspace.std.withstrslice", False),
-                             ("objspace.std.withstrjoin", False),
-                             ("objspace.std.withstrbuf", False)],
-                   suggests=[("objspace.std.withprebuiltchar", True),
-                             ("objspace.std.sharesmallstr", True)]),
-
-        BoolOption("withropeunicode", "use ropes for the unicode implementation",
-                   default=False,
-                   requires=[("objspace.std.withrope", True)]),
-
         BoolOption("withcelldict",
                    "use dictionaries that are optimized for being used as module dicts",
                    default=False,
@@ -330,16 +292,9 @@
                    # weakrefs needed, because of get_subclasses()
                    requires=[("translation.rweakref", True)]),
 
-        BoolOption("logspaceoptypes",
-                   "a instrumentation option: before exit, print the types seen by "
-                   "certain simpler bytecodes",
-                   default=False),
         ChoiceOption("multimethods", "the multimethod implementation to use",
                      ["doubledispatch", "mrd"],
                      default="mrd"),
-        BoolOption("mutable_builtintypes",
-                   "Allow the changing of builtin types", default=False,
-                   requires=[("objspace.std.builtinshortcut", True)]),
         BoolOption("withidentitydict",
                    "track types that override __hash__, __eq__ or __cmp__ and use a special dict strategy for those which do not",
                    default=False,
@@ -372,7 +327,7 @@
         config.objspace.std.suggest(builtinshortcut=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(optimized_list_getitem=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(getattributeshortcut=True)
-        config.objspace.std.suggest(newshortcut=True)
+        #config.objspace.std.suggest(newshortcut=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(withspecialisedtuple=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(withidentitydict=True)
         #if not IS_64_BITS:
@@ -390,11 +345,8 @@
         config.objspace.std.suggest(withrangelist=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(withprebuiltchar=True)
         config.objspace.std.suggest(withmapdict=True)
-        config.objspace.std.suggest(withstrslice=True)
-        config.objspace.std.suggest(withstrjoin=True)
         if not IS_64_BITS:
             config.objspace.std.suggest(withsmalllong=True)
-        # xxx other options? ropes maybe?
 
     # some optimizations have different effects depending on the typesystem
     if type_system == 'ootype':
diff --git a/pypy/config/test/test_config.py b/pypy/config/test/test_config.py
--- a/pypy/config/test/test_config.py
+++ b/pypy/config/test/test_config.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 def make_description():
     gcoption = ChoiceOption('name', 'GC name', ['ref', 'framework'], 'ref')
     gcdummy = BoolOption('dummy', 'dummy', default=False)
-    objspaceoption = ChoiceOption('objspace', 'Object space',
-                                ['std', 'thunk'], 'std')
     booloption = BoolOption('bool', 'Test boolean option', default=True)
     intoption = IntOption('int', 'Test int option', default=0)
     floatoption = FloatOption('float', 'Test float option', default=2.3)
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@
                                       requires=[('gc.name', 'framework')])
     
     gcgroup = OptionDescription('gc', '', [gcoption, gcdummy, floatoption])
-    descr = OptionDescription('pypy', '', [gcgroup, booloption, objspaceoption,
+    descr = OptionDescription('pypy', '', [gcgroup, booloption,


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