[pypy-commit] pypy win32-cleanup2: merge from default

mattip noreply at buildbot.pypy.org
Fri Apr 6 09:02:42 CEST 2012


Author: Matti Picus <matti.picus at gmail.com>
Branch: win32-cleanup2
Changeset: r54212:b06aa6be5f37
Date: 2012-04-05 18:05 +0300
http://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/changeset/b06aa6be5f37/

Log:	merge from default

diff --git a/dotviewer/graphparse.py b/dotviewer/graphparse.py
--- a/dotviewer/graphparse.py
+++ b/dotviewer/graphparse.py
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
     return result
 
 def parse_plain(graph_id, plaincontent, links={}, fixedfont=False):
+    plaincontent = plaincontent.replace('\r\n', '\n')    # fix Windows EOL
     lines = plaincontent.splitlines(True)
     for i in range(len(lines)-2, -1, -1):
         if lines[i].endswith('\\\n'):   # line ending in '\'
diff --git a/lib_pypy/datetime.py b/lib_pypy/datetime.py
--- a/lib_pypy/datetime.py
+++ b/lib_pypy/datetime.py
@@ -968,8 +968,7 @@
             self._checkOverflow(t.year)
             result = date(t.year, t.month, t.day)
             return result
-        raise TypeError
-        # XXX Should be 'return NotImplemented', but there's a bug in 2.2...
+        return NotImplemented    # note that this doesn't work on CPython 2.2
 
     __radd__ = __add__
 
diff --git a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/project-ideas.rst
@@ -149,6 +149,22 @@
 exported.  This would give us a one-size-fits-all generic .so file to be
 imported by any application that wants to load .so files :-)
 
+Optimising cpyext (CPython C-API compatibility layer)
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+A lot of work has gone into PyPy's implementation of CPython's C-API over
+the last years to let it reach a practical level of compatibility, so that
+C extensions for CPython work on PyPy without major rewrites. However,
+there are still many edges and corner cases where it misbehaves, and it has
+not received any substantial optimisation so far.
+
+The objective of this project is to fix bugs in cpyext and to optimise
+several performance critical parts of it, such as the reference counting
+support and other heavily used C-API functions. The net result would be to
+have CPython extensions run much faster on PyPy than they currently do, or
+to make them work at all if they currently don't. A part of this work would
+be to get cpyext into a shape where it supports running Cython generated
+extensions.
 
 .. _`issue tracker`: http://bugs.pypy.org
 .. _`mailing list`: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pypy-dev
diff --git a/pypy/doc/stackless.rst b/pypy/doc/stackless.rst
--- a/pypy/doc/stackless.rst
+++ b/pypy/doc/stackless.rst
@@ -199,17 +199,11 @@
 The following features (present in some past Stackless version of PyPy)
 are for the time being not supported any more:
 
-* Tasklets and channels (currently ``stackless.py`` seems to import,
-  but you have tasklets on top of coroutines on top of greenlets on
-  top of continulets on top of stacklets, and it's probably not too
-  hard to cut two of these levels by adapting ``stackless.py`` to
-  use directly continulets)
-
 * Coroutines (could be rewritten at app-level)
 
-* Pickling and unpickling continulets (*)
-
-* Continuing execution of a continulet in a different thread (*)
+* Continuing execution of a continulet in a different thread
+  (but if it is "simple enough", you can pickle it and unpickle it
+  in the other thread).
 
 * Automatic unlimited stack (must be emulated__ so far)
 
@@ -217,15 +211,6 @@
 
 .. __: `recursion depth limit`_
 
-(*) Pickling, as well as changing threads, could be implemented by using
-a "soft" stack switching mode again.  We would get either "hard" or
-"soft" switches, similarly to Stackless Python 3rd version: you get a
-"hard" switch (like now) when the C stack contains non-trivial C frames
-to save, and a "soft" switch (like previously) when it contains only
-simple calls from Python to Python.  Soft-switched continulets would
-also consume a bit less RAM, and the switch might be a bit faster too
-(unsure about that; what is the Stackless Python experience?).
-
 
 Recursion depth limit
 +++++++++++++++++++++
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/baseobjspace.py
@@ -296,6 +296,7 @@
         self.check_signal_action = None   # changed by the signal module
         self.user_del_action = UserDelAction(self)
         self.frame_trace_action = FrameTraceAction(self)
+        self._code_of_sys_exc_info = None
 
         from pypy.interpreter.pycode import cpython_magic, default_magic
         self.our_magic = default_magic
@@ -467,9 +468,9 @@
                 if name not in modules:
                     modules.append(name)
 
-        # a bit of custom logic: time2 or rctime take precedence over time
+        # a bit of custom logic: rctime take precedence over time
         # XXX this could probably be done as a "requires" in the config
-        if ('time2' in modules or 'rctime' in modules) and 'time' in modules:
+        if 'rctime' in modules and 'time' in modules:
             modules.remove('time')
 
         if not self.config.objspace.nofaking:
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/executioncontext.py
@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@
         #operationerr.print_detailed_traceback(self.space)
 
     def _convert_exc(self, operr):
+        # Only for the flow object space
         return operr
 
     def sys_exc_info(self): # attn: the result is not the wrapped sys.exc_info() !!!
@@ -166,6 +167,11 @@
             frame = self.getnextframe_nohidden(frame)
         return None
 
+    def set_sys_exc_info(self, operror):
+        frame = self.gettopframe_nohidden()
+        if frame:     # else, the exception goes nowhere and is lost
+            frame.last_exception = operror
+
     def settrace(self, w_func):
         """Set the global trace function."""
         if self.space.is_w(w_func, self.space.w_None):
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/function.py b/pypy/interpreter/function.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/function.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/function.py
@@ -113,6 +113,12 @@
         from pypy.interpreter.pycode import PyCode
 
         code = self.getcode() # hook for the jit
+        #
+        if (jit.we_are_jitted() and code is self.space._code_of_sys_exc_info
+                                and nargs == 0):
+            from pypy.module.sys.vm import exc_info_direct
+            return exc_info_direct(self.space, frame)
+        #
         fast_natural_arity = code.fast_natural_arity
         if nargs == fast_natural_arity:
             if nargs == 0:
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/gateway.py
@@ -874,6 +874,12 @@
             fn.add_to_table()
         if gateway.as_classmethod:
             fn = ClassMethod(space.wrap(fn))
+        #
+        from pypy.module.sys.vm import exc_info
+        if code._bltin is exc_info:
+            assert space._code_of_sys_exc_info is None
+            space._code_of_sys_exc_info = code
+        #
         return fn
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/parsestring.py b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/parsestring.py
--- a/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/parsestring.py
+++ b/pypy/interpreter/pyparser/parsestring.py
@@ -2,34 +2,39 @@
 from pypy.interpreter import unicodehelper
 from pypy.rlib.rstring import StringBuilder
 
-def parsestr(space, encoding, s, unicode_literals=False):
-    # compiler.transformer.Transformer.decode_literal depends on what 
-    # might seem like minor details of this function -- changes here 
-    # must be reflected there.
+def parsestr(space, encoding, s, unicode_literal=False):
+    """Parses a string or unicode literal, and return a wrapped value.
+
+    If encoding=iso8859-1, the source string is also in this encoding.
+    If encoding=None, the source string is ascii only.
+    In other cases, the source string is in utf-8 encoding.
+
+    When a bytes string is returned, it will be encoded with the
+    original encoding.
+
+    Yes, it's very inefficient.
+    Yes, CPython has very similar code.
+    """
 
     # we use ps as "pointer to s"
     # q is the virtual last char index of the string
     ps = 0
     quote = s[ps]
     rawmode = False
-    unicode = unicode_literals
 
     # string decoration handling
-    o = ord(quote)
-    isalpha = (o>=97 and o<=122) or (o>=65 and o<=90)
-    if isalpha or quote == '_':
-        if quote == 'b' or quote == 'B':
-            ps += 1
-            quote = s[ps]
-            unicode = False
-        elif quote == 'u' or quote == 'U':
-            ps += 1
-            quote = s[ps]
-            unicode = True
-        if quote == 'r' or quote == 'R':
-            ps += 1
-            quote = s[ps]
-            rawmode = True
+    if quote == 'b' or quote == 'B':
+        ps += 1
+        quote = s[ps]
+        unicode_literal = False
+    elif quote == 'u' or quote == 'U':
+        ps += 1
+        quote = s[ps]
+        unicode_literal = True
+    if quote == 'r' or quote == 'R':
+        ps += 1
+        quote = s[ps]
+        rawmode = True
     if quote != "'" and quote != '"':
         raise_app_valueerror(space,
                              'Internal error: parser passed unquoted literal')
@@ -46,21 +51,28 @@
                                         'unmatched triple quotes in literal')
         q -= 2
 
-    if unicode: # XXX Py_UnicodeFlag is ignored for now
+    if unicode_literal: # XXX Py_UnicodeFlag is ignored for now
         if encoding is None or encoding == "iso-8859-1":
+            # 'unicode_escape' expects latin-1 bytes, string is ready.
             buf = s
             bufp = ps
             bufq = q
             u = None
         else:
-            # "\XX" may become "\u005c\uHHLL" (12 bytes)
+            # String is utf8-encoded, but 'unicode_escape' expects
+            # latin-1; So multibyte sequences must be escaped.
             lis = [] # using a list to assemble the value
             end = q
+            # Worst case: "\XX" may become "\u005c\uHHLL" (12 bytes)
             while ps < end:
                 if s[ps] == '\\':
                     lis.append(s[ps])
                     ps += 1
                     if ord(s[ps]) & 0x80:
+                        # A multibyte sequence will follow, it will be
+                        # escaped like \u1234. To avoid confusion with
+                        # the backslash we just wrote, we emit "\u005c"
+                        # instead.
                         lis.append("u005c")
                 if ord(s[ps]) & 0x80: # XXX inefficient
                     w, ps = decode_utf8(space, s, ps, end, "utf-16-be")
@@ -86,13 +98,11 @@
 
     need_encoding = (encoding is not None and
                      encoding != "utf-8" and encoding != "iso-8859-1")
-    # XXX add strchr like interface to rtyper
     assert 0 <= ps <= q
     substr = s[ps : q]
     if rawmode or '\\' not in s[ps:]:
         if need_encoding:
             w_u = space.wrap(unicodehelper.PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8(space, substr))
-            #w_v = space.wrap(space.unwrap(w_u).encode(encoding)) this works
             w_v = unicodehelper.PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(space, w_u, space.wrap(encoding))
             return w_v
         else:
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/llgraph/llimpl.py
@@ -1797,6 +1797,7 @@
         if specialize_as_constant:
             def specialize_call(self, hop):
                 llvalue = func(hop.args_s[0].const)
+                hop.exception_cannot_occur()
                 return hop.inputconst(lltype.typeOf(llvalue), llvalue)
         else:
             # specialize as direct_call
@@ -1813,6 +1814,7 @@
                     sm = ootype._static_meth(FUNCTYPE, _name=func.__name__, _callable=func)
                     cfunc = hop.inputconst(FUNCTYPE, sm)
                 args_v = hop.inputargs(*hop.args_r)
+                hop.exception_is_here()
                 return hop.genop('direct_call', [cfunc] + args_v, hop.r_result)
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/runner_test.py
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@
 def constfloat(x):
     return ConstFloat(longlong.getfloatstorage(x))
 
+def boxlonglong(ll):
+    if longlong.is_64_bit:
+        return BoxInt(ll)
+    else:
+        return BoxFloat(ll)
+
 
 class Runner(object):
 
@@ -1623,6 +1629,11 @@
                                      [boxfloat(2.5)], t).value
         assert res == longlong2float.float2longlong(2.5)
 
+        bytes = longlong2float.float2longlong(2.5)
+        res = self.execute_operation(rop.CONVERT_LONGLONG_BYTES_TO_FLOAT,
+                                     [boxlonglong(res)], 'float').value
+        assert longlong.getrealfloat(res) == 2.5
+
     def test_ooops_non_gc(self):
         x = lltype.malloc(lltype.Struct('x'), flavor='raw')
         v = heaptracker.adr2int(llmemory.cast_ptr_to_adr(x))
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/test/test_random.py
@@ -328,6 +328,15 @@
     def produce_into(self, builder, r):
         self.put(builder, [r.choice(builder.intvars)])
 
+class CastLongLongToFloatOperation(AbstractFloatOperation):
+    def produce_into(self, builder, r):
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            self.put(builder, [r.choice(builder.intvars)])
+        else:
+            if not builder.floatvars:
+                raise CannotProduceOperation
+            self.put(builder, [r.choice(builder.floatvars)])
+
 class CastFloatToIntOperation(AbstractFloatOperation):
     def produce_into(self, builder, r):
         if not builder.floatvars:
@@ -450,6 +459,7 @@
 OPERATIONS.append(CastFloatToIntOperation(rop.CAST_FLOAT_TO_INT))
 OPERATIONS.append(CastIntToFloatOperation(rop.CAST_INT_TO_FLOAT))
 OPERATIONS.append(CastFloatToIntOperation(rop.CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG))
+OPERATIONS.append(CastLongLongToFloatOperation(rop.CONVERT_LONGLONG_BYTES_TO_FLOAT))
 
 OperationBuilder.OPERATIONS = OPERATIONS
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/assembler.py
@@ -1251,6 +1251,15 @@
         else:
             self.mov(loc0, resloc)
 
+    def genop_convert_longlong_bytes_to_float(self, op, arglocs, resloc):
+        loc0, = arglocs
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            assert isinstance(resloc, RegLoc)
+            assert isinstance(loc0, RegLoc)
+            self.mc.MOVD(resloc, loc0)
+        else:
+            self.mov(loc0, resloc)
+
     def genop_guard_int_is_true(self, op, guard_op, guard_token, arglocs, resloc):
         guard_opnum = guard_op.getopnum()
         self.mc.CMP(arglocs[0], imm0)
diff --git a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
--- a/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/backend/x86/regalloc.py
@@ -777,7 +777,20 @@
             loc0 = self.xrm.loc(arg0)
             loc1 = self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(op.result, forbidden_vars=[arg0])
             self.Perform(op, [loc0], loc1)
-            self.xrm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
+            self.xrm.possibly_free_var(arg0)
+
+    def consider_convert_longlong_bytes_to_float(self, op):
+        if longlong.is_64_bit:
+            loc0 = self.rm.make_sure_var_in_reg(op.getarg(0))
+            loc1 = self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(op.result)
+            self.Perform(op, [loc0], loc1)
+            self.rm.possibly_free_var(op.getarg(0))
+        else:
+            arg0 = op.getarg(0)
+            loc0 = self.xrm.make_sure_var_in_reg(arg0)
+            loc1 = self.xrm.force_allocate_reg(op.result, forbidden_vars=[arg0])
+            self.Perform(op, [loc0], loc1)
+            self.xrm.possibly_free_var(arg0)
 
     def _consider_llong_binop_xx(self, op):
         # must force both arguments into xmm registers, because we don't
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/jtransform.py
@@ -295,6 +295,7 @@
         return op
 
     rewrite_op_convert_float_bytes_to_longlong = _noop_rewrite
+    rewrite_op_convert_longlong_bytes_to_float = _noop_rewrite
 
     # ----------
     # Various kinds of calls
diff --git a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
--- a/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/codewriter/test/test_flatten.py
@@ -968,20 +968,22 @@
             int_return %i2
         """, transform=True)
 
-    def test_convert_float_bytes_to_int(self):
-        from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong
+    def test_convert_float_bytes(self):
+        from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong, longlong2float
         def f(x):
-            return float2longlong(x)
+            ll = float2longlong(x)
+            return longlong2float(ll)
         if longlong.is_64_bit:
-            result_var = "%i0"
-            return_op = "int_return"
+            tmp_var = "%i0"
+            result_var = "%f1"
         else:
-            result_var = "%f1"
-            return_op = "float_return"
+            tmp_var = "%f1"
+            result_var = "%f2"
         self.encoding_test(f, [25.0], """
-            convert_float_bytes_to_longlong %%f0 -> %(result_var)s
-            %(return_op)s %(result_var)s
-        """ % {"result_var": result_var, "return_op": return_op})
+            convert_float_bytes_to_longlong %%f0 -> %(tmp_var)s
+            convert_longlong_bytes_to_float %(tmp_var)s -> %(result_var)s
+            float_return %(result_var)s
+        """ % {"result_var": result_var, "tmp_var": tmp_var}, transform=True)
 
 
 def check_force_cast(FROM, TO, operations, value):
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/blackhole.py
@@ -672,6 +672,11 @@
         a = longlong.getrealfloat(a)
         return longlong2float.float2longlong(a)
 
+    @arguments(LONGLONG_TYPECODE, returns="f")
+    def bhimpl_convert_longlong_bytes_to_float(a):
+        a = longlong2float.longlong2float(a)
+        return longlong.getfloatstorage(a)
+
     # ----------
     # control flow operations
 
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/pyjitpl.py
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@
                     'float_neg', 'float_abs',
                     'cast_ptr_to_int', 'cast_int_to_ptr',
                     'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong',
+                    'convert_longlong_bytes_to_float',
                     ]:
         exec py.code.Source('''
             @arguments("box")
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/resoperation.py
@@ -420,6 +420,7 @@
     'CAST_FLOAT_TO_SINGLEFLOAT/1',
     'CAST_SINGLEFLOAT_TO_FLOAT/1',
     'CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG/1',
+    'CONVERT_LONGLONG_BYTES_TO_FLOAT/1',
     #
     'INT_LT/2b',
     'INT_LE/2b',
diff --git a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
--- a/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
+++ b/pypy/jit/metainterp/test/test_ajit.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import math
 import sys
 
 import py
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@
     loop_invariant, elidable, promote, jit_debug, assert_green,
     AssertGreenFailed, unroll_safe, current_trace_length, look_inside_iff,
     isconstant, isvirtual, promote_string, set_param, record_known_class)
-from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong
+from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong, longlong2float
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck, is_valid_int
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, llmemory, rffi
 from pypy.rpython.ootypesystem import ootype
@@ -3795,15 +3796,15 @@
         res = self.interp_operations(g, [1])
         assert res == 3
 
-    def test_float2longlong(self):
+    def test_float_bytes(self):
         def f(n):
-            return float2longlong(n)
+            ll = float2longlong(n)
+            return longlong2float(ll)
 
         for x in [2.5, float("nan"), -2.5, float("inf")]:
             # There are tests elsewhere to verify the correctness of this.
-            expected = float2longlong(x)
             res = self.interp_operations(f, [x])
-            assert longlong.getfloatstorage(res) == expected
+            assert res == x or math.isnan(x) and math.isnan(res)
 
 
 class TestLLtype(BaseLLtypeTests, LLJitMixin):
diff --git a/pypy/module/_ssl/interp_ssl.py b/pypy/module/_ssl/interp_ssl.py
--- a/pypy/module/_ssl/interp_ssl.py
+++ b/pypy/module/_ssl/interp_ssl.py
@@ -432,7 +432,8 @@
                     raise _ssl_seterror(self.space, self, length)
                 try:
                     # this is actually an immutable bytes sequence
-                    return self.space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(buf_ptr[0]))
+                    return self.space.wrap(rffi.charpsize2str(buf_ptr[0],
+                                                              length))
                 finally:
                     libssl_OPENSSL_free(buf_ptr[0])
         else:
diff --git a/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py b/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
--- a/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
+++ b/pypy/module/array/interp_array.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 from pypy.objspace.std.register_all import register_all
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import ovfcheck
 from pypy.rlib.unroll import unrolling_iterable
-from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize
+from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import specialize, keepalive_until_here
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 
 
@@ -145,18 +145,24 @@
 unroll_typecodes = unrolling_iterable(types.keys())
 
 class ArrayBuffer(RWBuffer):
-    def __init__(self, data, bytes):
-        self.data = data
-        self.len = bytes
+    def __init__(self, array):
+        self.array = array
 
     def getlength(self):
-        return self.len
+        return self.array.len * self.array.itemsize
 
     def getitem(self, index):
-        return self.data[index]
+        array = self.array
+        data = array._charbuf_start()
+        char = data[index]
+        array._charbuf_stop()
+        return char
 
     def setitem(self, index, char):
-        self.data[index] = char
+        array = self.array
+        data = array._charbuf_start()
+        data[index] = char
+        array._charbuf_stop()
 
 
 def make_array(mytype):
@@ -278,9 +284,10 @@
             oldlen = self.len
             new = len(s) / mytype.bytes
             self.setlen(oldlen + new)
-            cbuf = self.charbuf()
+            cbuf = self._charbuf_start()
             for i in range(len(s)):
                 cbuf[oldlen * mytype.bytes + i] = s[i]
+            self._charbuf_stop()
 
         def fromlist(self, w_lst):
             s = self.len
@@ -310,8 +317,11 @@
             else:
                 self.fromsequence(w_iterable)
 
-        def charbuf(self):
-            return  rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, self.buffer)
+        def _charbuf_start(self):
+            return rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, self.buffer)
+
+        def _charbuf_stop(self):
+            keepalive_until_here(self)
 
         def w_getitem(self, space, idx):
             item = self.buffer[idx]
@@ -530,8 +540,10 @@
         self.fromstring(space.str_w(w_s))
 
     def array_tostring__Array(space, self):
-        cbuf = self.charbuf()
-        return self.space.wrap(rffi.charpsize2str(cbuf, self.len * mytype.bytes))
+        cbuf = self._charbuf_start()
+        s = rffi.charpsize2str(cbuf, self.len * mytype.bytes)
+        self._charbuf_stop()
+        return self.space.wrap(s)
 
     def array_fromfile__Array_ANY_ANY(space, self, w_f, w_n):
         if not isinstance(w_f, W_File):
@@ -613,8 +625,7 @@
     # Misc methods
 
     def buffer__Array(space, self):
-        b = ArrayBuffer(self.charbuf(), self.len * mytype.bytes)
-        return space.wrap(b)
+        return space.wrap(ArrayBuffer(self))
 
     def array_buffer_info__Array(space, self):
         w_ptr = space.wrap(rffi.cast(lltype.Unsigned, self.buffer))
@@ -649,7 +660,7 @@
             raise OperationError(space.w_RuntimeError, space.wrap(msg))
         if self.len == 0:
             return
-        bytes = self.charbuf()
+        bytes = self._charbuf_start()
         tmp = [bytes[0]] * mytype.bytes
         for start in range(0, self.len * mytype.bytes, mytype.bytes):
             stop = start + mytype.bytes - 1
@@ -657,6 +668,7 @@
                 tmp[i] = bytes[start + i]
             for i in range(mytype.bytes):
                 bytes[stop - i] = tmp[i]
+        self._charbuf_stop()
 
     def repr__Array(space, self):
         if self.len == 0:
diff --git a/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py b/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
--- a/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
+++ b/pypy/module/array/test/test_array.py
@@ -433,7 +433,25 @@
         a = self.array('h', 'Hi')
         buf = buffer(a)
         assert buf[1] == 'i'
-        #raises(TypeError, buf.__setitem__, 1, 'o')
+
+    def test_buffer_write(self):
+        a = self.array('c', 'hello')
+        buf = buffer(a)
+        print repr(buf)
+        try:
+            buf[3] = 'L'
+        except TypeError:
+            skip("buffer(array) returns a read-only buffer on CPython")
+        assert a.tostring() == 'helLo'
+
+    def test_buffer_keepalive(self):
+        buf = buffer(self.array('c', 'text'))
+        assert buf[2] == 'x'
+        #
+        a = self.array('c', 'foobarbaz')
+        buf = buffer(a)
+        a.fromstring('some extra text')
+        assert buf[:] == 'foobarbazsome extra text'
 
     def test_list_methods(self):
         assert repr(self.array('i')) == "array('i')"
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/bufferobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/bufferobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/bufferobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/bufferobject.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 from pypy.module.cpyext.api import (
     cpython_api, Py_ssize_t, cpython_struct, bootstrap_function,
     PyObjectFields, PyObject)
-from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import make_typedescr, Py_DecRef
+from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import make_typedescr, Py_DecRef, make_ref
 from pypy.interpreter.buffer import Buffer, StringBuffer, SubBuffer
+from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
+from pypy.module.array.interp_array import ArrayBuffer
 
 
 PyBufferObjectStruct = lltype.ForwardReference()
@@ -41,26 +43,38 @@
         py_buf.c_b_offset = w_obj.offset
         w_obj = w_obj.buffer
 
+    # If w_obj already allocated a fixed buffer, use it, and keep a
+    # reference to w_obj.
+    # Otherwise, b_base stays NULL, and we own the b_ptr.
+
     if isinstance(w_obj, StringBuffer):
-        py_buf.c_b_base = rffi.cast(PyObject, 0) # space.wrap(w_obj.value)
-        py_buf.c_b_ptr = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, rffi.str2charp(w_obj.as_str()))
+        py_buf.c_b_base = lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
+        py_buf.c_b_ptr = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, rffi.str2charp(w_obj.value))
+        py_buf.c_b_size = w_obj.getlength()
+    elif isinstance(w_obj, ArrayBuffer):
+        w_base = w_obj.array
+        py_buf.c_b_base = make_ref(space, w_base)
+        py_buf.c_b_ptr = rffi.cast(rffi.VOIDP, w_obj.array._charbuf_start())
         py_buf.c_b_size = w_obj.getlength()
     else:
-        raise Exception("Fail fail fail fail fail")
+        raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+            "buffer flavor not supported"))
 
 
 def buffer_realize(space, py_obj):
     """
     Creates the buffer in the PyPy interpreter from a cpyext representation.
     """
-    raise Exception("realize fail fail fail")
-
+    raise OperationError(space.w_NotImplementedError, space.wrap(
+        "Don't know how to realize a buffer"))
 
 
 @cpython_api([PyObject], lltype.Void, external=False)
 def buffer_dealloc(space, py_obj):
     py_buf = rffi.cast(PyBufferObject, py_obj)
-    Py_DecRef(space, py_buf.c_b_base)
-    rffi.free_charp(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, py_buf.c_b_ptr))
+    if py_buf.c_b_base:
+        Py_DecRef(space, py_buf.c_b_base)
+    else:
+        rffi.free_charp(rffi.cast(rffi.CCHARP, py_buf.c_b_ptr))
     from pypy.module.cpyext.object import PyObject_dealloc
     PyObject_dealloc(space, py_obj)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/pyerrors.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import rffi, lltype
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
+from pypy.interpreter import pytraceback
 from pypy.module.cpyext.api import cpython_api, CANNOT_FAIL, CONST_STRING
 from pypy.module.exceptions.interp_exceptions import W_RuntimeWarning
 from pypy.module.cpyext.pyobject import (
@@ -315,3 +316,65 @@
     It may be called without holding the interpreter lock."""
     space.check_signal_action.set_interrupt()
 
+ at cpython_api([PyObjectP, PyObjectP, PyObjectP], lltype.Void)
+def PyErr_GetExcInfo(space, ptype, pvalue, ptraceback):
+    """---Cython extension---
+
+    Retrieve the exception info, as known from ``sys.exc_info()``.  This
+    refers to an exception that was already caught, not to an exception
+    that was freshly raised.  Returns new references for the three
+    objects, any of which may be *NULL*.  Does not modify the exception
+    info state.
+
+    .. note::
+
+       This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle
+       exceptions.  Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and
+       restore the exception state temporarily.  Use
+       :c:func:`PyErr_SetExcInfo` to restore or clear the exception
+       state.
+    """
+    ec = space.getexecutioncontext()
+    operror = ec.sys_exc_info()
+    if operror:
+        ptype[0] = make_ref(space, operror.w_type)
+        pvalue[0] = make_ref(space, operror.get_w_value(space))
+        ptraceback[0] = make_ref(space, space.wrap(operror.get_traceback()))
+    else:
+        ptype[0] = lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
+        pvalue[0] = lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
+        ptraceback[0] = lltype.nullptr(PyObject.TO)
+
+ at cpython_api([PyObject, PyObject, PyObject], lltype.Void)
+def PyErr_SetExcInfo(space, w_type, w_value, w_traceback):
+    """---Cython extension---
+
+    Set the exception info, as known from ``sys.exc_info()``.  This refers
+    to an exception that was already caught, not to an exception that was
+    freshly raised.  This function steals the references of the arguments.
+    To clear the exception state, pass *NULL* for all three arguments.
+    For general rules about the three arguments, see :c:func:`PyErr_Restore`.
+ 
+    .. note::
+ 
+       This function is not normally used by code that wants to handle
+       exceptions.  Rather, it can be used when code needs to save and
+       restore the exception state temporarily.  Use
+       :c:func:`PyErr_GetExcInfo` to read the exception state.
+    """
+    if w_value is None or space.is_w(w_value, space.w_None):
+        operror = None
+    else:
+        tb = None
+        if w_traceback is not None:
+            try:
+                tb = pytraceback.check_traceback(space, w_traceback, '?')
+            except OperationError:    # catch and ignore bogus objects
+                pass
+        operror = OperationError(w_type, w_value, tb)
+    #
+    ec = space.getexecutioncontext()
+    ec.set_sys_exc_info(operror)
+    Py_DecRef(space, w_type)
+    Py_DecRef(space, w_value)
+    Py_DecRef(space, w_traceback)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/slotdefs.py
@@ -167,14 +167,16 @@
     if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res) == -1:
         space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception(always=True)
 
+# Warning, confusing function name (like CPython).  Used only for sq_contains.
 def wrap_objobjproc(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(objobjproc, func)
     check_num_args(space, w_args, 1)
     w_value, = space.fixedview(w_args)
     res = generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self, w_value)
-    if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res) == -1:
+    res = rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res)
+    if res == -1:
         space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception(always=True)
-    return space.wrap(res)
+    return space.wrap(bool(res))
 
 def wrap_objobjargproc(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(objobjargproc, func)
@@ -183,7 +185,7 @@
     res = generic_cpy_call(space, func_target, w_self, w_key, w_value)
     if rffi.cast(lltype.Signed, res) == -1:
         space.fromcache(State).check_and_raise_exception(always=True)
-    return space.wrap(res)
+    return space.w_None
 
 def wrap_delitem(space, w_self, w_args, func):
     func_target = rffi.cast(objobjargproc, func)
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/foo.c b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/foo.c
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/foo.c
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/foo.c
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@
     {NULL}  /* Sentinel */
 };
 
+PyDoc_STRVAR(foo_doc, "foo is for testing.");
+
 static PyTypeObject footype = {
     PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
     "foo.foo",               /*tp_name*/
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@
     (setattrofunc)foo_setattro, /*tp_setattro*/
     0,                       /*tp_as_buffer*/
     Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT,      /*tp_flags*/
-    0,                       /*tp_doc*/
+    foo_doc,                 /*tp_doc*/
     0,                       /*tp_traverse*/
     0,                       /*tp_clear*/
     0,                       /*tp_richcompare*/
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_bufferobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_bufferobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_bufferobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_bufferobject.py
@@ -48,3 +48,17 @@
             ])
         b = module.buffer_new()
         raises(AttributeError, getattr, b, 'x')
+
+    def test_array_buffer(self):
+        module = self.import_extension('foo', [
+            ("roundtrip", "METH_O",
+             """
+                 PyBufferObject *buf = (PyBufferObject *)args;
+                 return PyString_FromStringAndSize(buf->b_ptr, buf->b_size);
+             """),
+            ])
+        import array
+        a = array.array('c', 'text')
+        b = buffer(a)
+        assert module.roundtrip(b) == 'text'
+        
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_pyerrors.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_pyerrors.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_pyerrors.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_pyerrors.py
@@ -218,3 +218,51 @@
             assert e.filename == "blyf"
             assert e.errno == errno.EBADF
             assert e.strerror == os.strerror(errno.EBADF)
+
+    def test_GetSetExcInfo(self):
+        import sys
+        module = self.import_extension('foo', [
+            ("getset_exc_info", "METH_VARARGS",
+             r'''
+             PyObject *type, *val, *tb;
+             PyObject *new_type, *new_val, *new_tb;
+             PyObject *result;
+
+             if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "OOO", &new_type, &new_val, &new_tb))
+                 return NULL;
+
+             PyErr_GetExcInfo(&type, &val, &tb);
+
+             Py_INCREF(new_type);
+             Py_INCREF(new_val);
+             Py_INCREF(new_tb);
+             PyErr_SetExcInfo(new_type, new_val, new_tb);
+
+             result = Py_BuildValue("OOO",
+                                    type ? type : Py_None,
+                                    val  ? val  : Py_None,
+                                    tb   ? tb   : Py_None);
+             Py_XDECREF(type);
+             Py_XDECREF(val);
+             Py_XDECREF(tb);
+             return result;
+             '''
+             ),
+            ])
+        try:
+            raise ValueError(5)
+        except ValueError, old_exc:
+            new_exc = TypeError("TEST")
+            orig_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            orig_exc_info = module.getset_exc_info(new_exc.__class__,
+                                                   new_exc, None)
+            new_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+            new_exc_info = module.getset_exc_info(*orig_exc_info)
+            reset_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+
+            assert orig_exc_info[0] is old_exc.__class__
+            assert orig_exc_info[1] is old_exc
+            assert orig_exc_info == orig_sys_exc_info
+            assert orig_exc_info == reset_sys_exc_info
+            assert new_exc_info == (new_exc.__class__, new_exc, None)
+            assert new_exc_info == new_sys_exc_info
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/test/test_typeobject.py
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         assert type(obj) is module.fooType
         print "type of obj has type", type(type(obj))
         print "type of type of obj has type", type(type(type(obj)))
+        assert module.fooType.__doc__ == "foo is for testing."
 
     def test_typeobject_method_descriptor(self):
         module = self.import_module(name='foo')
@@ -414,8 +415,11 @@
             static int
             mp_ass_subscript(PyObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *value)
             {
-                PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ZeroDivisionError);
-                return -1;
+                if (PyInt_Check(key)) {
+                    PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_ZeroDivisionError);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                return 0;
             }
             PyMappingMethods tp_as_mapping;
             static PyTypeObject Foo_Type = {
@@ -425,6 +429,36 @@
             ''')
         obj = module.new_obj()
         raises(ZeroDivisionError, obj.__setitem__, 5, None)
+        res = obj.__setitem__('foo', None)
+        assert res is None
+
+    def test_sq_contains(self):
+        module = self.import_extension('foo', [
+           ("new_obj", "METH_NOARGS",
+            '''
+                PyObject *obj;
+                Foo_Type.tp_as_sequence = &tp_as_sequence;
+                tp_as_sequence.sq_contains = sq_contains;
+                if (PyType_Ready(&Foo_Type) < 0) return NULL;
+                obj = PyObject_New(PyObject, &Foo_Type);
+                return obj;
+            '''
+            )],
+            '''
+            static int
+            sq_contains(PyObject *self, PyObject *value)
+            {
+                return 42;
+            }
+            PySequenceMethods tp_as_sequence;
+            static PyTypeObject Foo_Type = {
+                PyVarObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL, 0)
+                "foo.foo",
+            };
+            ''')
+        obj = module.new_obj()
+        res = "foo" in obj
+        assert res is True
 
     def test_tp_iter(self):
         module = self.import_extension('foo', [
diff --git a/pypy/module/cpyext/typeobject.py b/pypy/module/cpyext/typeobject.py
--- a/pypy/module/cpyext/typeobject.py
+++ b/pypy/module/cpyext/typeobject.py
@@ -307,6 +307,8 @@
         if not space.is_true(space.issubtype(self, space.w_type)):
             self.flag_cpytype = True
         self.flag_heaptype = False
+        if pto.c_tp_doc:
+            self.w_doc = space.wrap(rffi.charp2str(pto.c_tp_doc))
 
 @bootstrap_function
 def init_typeobject(space):
@@ -624,7 +626,6 @@
     Creates an interpreter type from a PyTypeObject structure.
     """
     # missing:
-    # setting __doc__ if not defined and tp_doc defined
     # inheriting tp_as_* slots
     # unsupported:
     # tp_mro, tp_subclasses
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/__init__.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
         'flatiter': 'interp_numarray.W_FlatIterator',
         'isna': 'interp_numarray.isna',
         'concatenate': 'interp_numarray.concatenate',
+        'repeat': 'interp_numarray.repeat',
 
         'set_string_function': 'appbridge.set_string_function',
 
@@ -99,9 +100,12 @@
         ("exp2", "exp2"),
         ("expm1", "expm1"),
         ("fabs", "fabs"),
+        ("fmax", "fmax"),
+        ("fmin", "fmin"),
         ("fmod", "fmod"),
         ("floor", "floor"),
         ("ceil", "ceil"),
+        ("trunc", "trunc"),
         ("greater", "greater"),
         ("greater_equal", "greater_equal"),
         ("less", "less"),
@@ -122,12 +126,16 @@
         ("sinh", "sinh"),
         ("subtract", "subtract"),
         ('sqrt', 'sqrt'),
+        ('square', 'square'),
         ("tan", "tan"),
         ("tanh", "tanh"),
         ('bitwise_and', 'bitwise_and'),
         ('bitwise_or', 'bitwise_or'),
         ('bitwise_xor', 'bitwise_xor'),
         ('bitwise_not', 'invert'),
+        ('left_shift', 'left_shift'),
+        ('right_shift', 'right_shift'),
+        ('invert', 'invert'),
         ('isnan', 'isnan'),
         ('isinf', 'isinf'),
         ('isneginf', 'isneginf'),
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_numarray.py
@@ -673,6 +673,10 @@
     def compute_first_step(self, sig, frame):
         pass
 
+    @unwrap_spec(repeats=int)
+    def descr_repeat(self, space, repeats, w_axis=None):
+        return repeat(space, self, repeats, w_axis)
+
 def convert_to_array(space, w_obj):
     if isinstance(w_obj, BaseArray):
         return w_obj
@@ -1261,6 +1265,31 @@
         return convert_to_array(space, w_obj2).descr_dot(space, w_arr)
     return w_arr.descr_dot(space, w_obj2)
 
+ at unwrap_spec(repeats=int)
+def repeat(space, w_arr, repeats, w_axis=None):
+    arr = convert_to_array(space, w_arr)
+    if space.is_w(w_axis, space.w_None):
+        arr = arr.descr_flatten(space).get_concrete()
+        orig_size = arr.shape[0]
+        shape = [arr.shape[0] * repeats]
+        res = W_NDimArray(shape, arr.find_dtype())
+        for i in range(repeats):
+            Chunks([Chunk(i, shape[0] - repeats + i, repeats,
+                          orig_size)]).apply(res).setslice(space, arr)
+    else:
+        arr = arr.get_concrete()
+        axis = space.int_w(w_axis)
+        shape = arr.shape[:]
+        chunks = [Chunk(0, i, 1, i) for i in shape]
+        orig_size = shape[axis]
+        shape[axis] *= repeats
+        res = W_NDimArray(shape, arr.find_dtype())
+        for i in range(repeats):
+            chunks[axis] = Chunk(i, shape[axis] - repeats + i, repeats,
+                                 orig_size)
+            Chunks(chunks).apply(res).setslice(space, arr)
+    return res
+
 @unwrap_spec(axis=int)
 def concatenate(space, w_args, axis=0):
     args_w = space.listview(w_args)
@@ -1386,6 +1415,7 @@
     tolist = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_tolist),
     take = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_take),
     compress = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_compress),
+    repeat = interp2app(BaseArray.descr_repeat),
 )
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/interp_ufuncs.py
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 from pypy.interpreter.gateway import interp2app, unwrap_spec, NoneNotWrapped
 from pypy.interpreter.typedef import TypeDef, GetSetProperty, interp_attrproperty
 from pypy.module.micronumpy import interp_boxes, interp_dtype, support, loop
+from pypy.rlib import jit
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import LONG_BIT
 from pypy.tool.sourcetools import func_with_new_name
 
+
 class W_Ufunc(Wrappable):
     _attrs_ = ["name", "promote_to_float", "promote_bools", "identity"]
     _immutable_fields_ = ["promote_to_float", "promote_bools", "name"]
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@
         return self.identity
 
     def descr_call(self, space, __args__):
-	from interp_numarray import BaseArray
+        from interp_numarray import BaseArray
         args_w, kwds_w = __args__.unpack()
         # it occurs to me that we don't support any datatypes that
         # require casting, change it later when we do
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@
                 elif out.shape != shape:
                     raise operationerrfmt(space.w_ValueError,
                         'output parameter shape mismatch, expecting [%s]' +
-                        ' , got [%s]', 
+                        ' , got [%s]',
                         ",".join([str(x) for x in shape]),
                         ",".join([str(x) for x in out.shape]),
                         )
@@ -204,7 +206,7 @@
         else:
             arr = ReduceArray(self.func, self.name, self.identity, obj, dtype)
             val = loop.compute(arr)
-        return val 
+        return val
 
     def do_axis_reduce(self, obj, dtype, axis, result):
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import AxisReduce
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@
         if isinstance(w_obj, Scalar):
             arr = self.func(calc_dtype, w_obj.value.convert_to(calc_dtype))
             if isinstance(out,Scalar):
-                out.value=arr
+                out.value = arr
             elif isinstance(out, BaseArray):
                 out.fill(space, arr)
             else:
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@
             if not broadcast_shape or broadcast_shape != out.shape:
                 raise operationerrfmt(space.w_ValueError,
                     'output parameter shape mismatch, could not broadcast [%s]' +
-                    ' to [%s]', 
+                    ' to [%s]',
                     ",".join([str(x) for x in w_obj.shape]),
                     ",".join([str(x) for x in out.shape]),
                     )
@@ -292,10 +294,11 @@
         self.func = func
         self.comparison_func = comparison_func
 
+    @jit.unroll_safe
     def call(self, space, args_w):
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import (Call2,
             convert_to_array, Scalar, shape_agreement, BaseArray)
-        if len(args_w)>2:
+        if len(args_w) > 2:
             [w_lhs, w_rhs, w_out] = args_w
         else:
             [w_lhs, w_rhs] = args_w
@@ -326,7 +329,7 @@
                 w_rhs.value.convert_to(calc_dtype)
             )
             if isinstance(out,Scalar):
-                out.value=arr
+                out.value = arr
             elif isinstance(out, BaseArray):
                 out.fill(space, arr)
             else:
@@ -337,7 +340,7 @@
         if out and out.shape != shape_agreement(space, new_shape, out.shape):
             raise operationerrfmt(space.w_ValueError,
                 'output parameter shape mismatch, could not broadcast [%s]' +
-                ' to [%s]', 
+                ' to [%s]',
                 ",".join([str(x) for x in new_shape]),
                 ",".join([str(x) for x in out.shape]),
                 )
@@ -347,7 +350,6 @@
         w_lhs.add_invalidates(w_res)
         w_rhs.add_invalidates(w_res)
         if out:
-            #out.add_invalidates(w_res) #causes a recursion loop
             w_res.get_concrete()
         return w_res
 
@@ -539,14 +541,18 @@
             ("reciprocal", "reciprocal", 1),
 
             ("fabs", "fabs", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
+            ("fmax", "fmax", 2, {"promote_to_float": True}),
+            ("fmin", "fmin", 2, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("fmod", "fmod", 2, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("floor", "floor", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("ceil", "ceil", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
+            ("trunc", "trunc", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("exp", "exp", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("exp2", "exp2", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("expm1", "expm1", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
 
             ('sqrt', 'sqrt', 1, {'promote_to_float': True}),
+            ('square', 'square', 1, {'promote_to_float': True}),
 
             ("sin", "sin", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
             ("cos", "cos", 1, {"promote_to_float": True}),
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/signature.py
@@ -107,6 +107,10 @@
         arr.compute_first_step(self, f)
         return f
 
+    def debug_repr(self):
+        # should be overridden, but in case it isn't, provide a default
+        return str(self)
+
 class ConcreteSignature(Signature):
     _immutable_fields_ = ['dtype']
 
@@ -207,7 +211,7 @@
     def _create_iter(self, iterlist, arraylist, arr, transforms):
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import VirtualSlice
         assert isinstance(arr, VirtualSlice)
-        transforms = transforms + [ViewTransform(arr.chunks)]
+        transforms = [ViewTransform(arr.chunks)] + transforms 
         self.child._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.child, transforms)
 
     def eval(self, frame, arr):
@@ -215,6 +219,9 @@
         assert isinstance(arr, VirtualSlice)
         return self.child.eval(frame, arr.child)
 
+    def debug_repr(self):
+        return 'VirtualSlice(%s)' % self.child.debug_repr()
+
 class Call1(Signature):
     _immutable_fields_ = ['unfunc', 'name', 'child', 'res', 'dtype']
 
@@ -270,7 +277,7 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import Call1
 
         assert isinstance(arr, Call1)
-        vtransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.values.shape)]
+        vtransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.values.shape)] + transforms
         self.child._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.values, vtransforms)
         self.res._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.res, transforms)
 
@@ -348,7 +355,7 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import ResultArray
 
         assert isinstance(arr, ResultArray)
-        rtransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.left.shape)]
+        rtransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.left.shape)] + transforms
         self.left._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.left, transforms)
         self.right._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.right, rtransforms)
 
@@ -375,7 +382,7 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import Call2
 
         assert isinstance(arr, Call2)
-        ltransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)]
+        ltransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)] + transforms
         self.left._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.left, ltransforms)
         self.right._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.right, transforms)
 
@@ -388,7 +395,7 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import Call2
 
         assert isinstance(arr, Call2)
-        rtransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)]
+        rtransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)] + transforms
         self.left._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.left, transforms)
         self.right._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.right, rtransforms)
 
@@ -401,8 +408,8 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import Call2
 
         assert isinstance(arr, Call2)
-        rtransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)]
-        ltransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)]
+        rtransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)] + transforms
+        ltransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)] + transforms
         self.left._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.left, ltransforms)
         self.right._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.right, rtransforms)
 
@@ -424,7 +431,7 @@
         frame.cur_value = self.binfunc(self.calc_dtype, frame.cur_value, rval)
 
     def debug_repr(self):
-        return 'ReduceSig(%s)' % (self.name, self.right.debug_repr())
+        return 'ReduceSig(%s, %s)' % (self.name, self.right.debug_repr())
 
 class SliceloopSignature(Call2):
     def eval(self, frame, arr):
@@ -448,7 +455,7 @@
         from pypy.module.micronumpy.interp_numarray import SliceArray
 
         assert isinstance(arr, SliceArray)
-        rtransforms = transforms + [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)]
+        rtransforms = [BroadcastTransform(arr.shape)] + transforms
         self.left._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.left, transforms)
         self.right._create_iter(iterlist, arraylist, arr.right, rtransforms)
 
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/strides.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib import jit
 from pypy.interpreter.error import OperationError
 
+ at jit.look_inside_iff(lambda chunks: jit.isconstant(len(chunks)))
 def enumerate_chunks(chunks):
     result = []
     i = -1
@@ -85,9 +86,9 @@
         space.isinstance_w(w_item_or_slice, space.w_slice)):
         raise OperationError(space.w_IndexError,
                              space.wrap('unsupported iterator index'))
-            
+
     start, stop, step, lngth = space.decode_index4(w_item_or_slice, size)
-        
+
     coords = [0] * len(shape)
     i = start
     if order == 'C':
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/support.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/support.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/support.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/support.py
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+from pypy.rlib import jit
+
+
+ at jit.unroll_safe
 def product(s):
     i = 1
     for x in s:
         i *= x
-    return i
\ No newline at end of file
+    return i
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_numarray.py
@@ -395,11 +395,19 @@
         assert a[3] == 0.
 
     def test_newaxis(self):
-        from _numpypy import array
+        import math
+        from _numpypy import array, cos, zeros
         from numpypy.core.numeric import newaxis
         a = array(range(5))
         b = array([range(5)])
         assert (a[newaxis] == b).all()
+        a = array(range(3))
+        b = array([1, 3])
+        expected = zeros((3, 2))
+        for x in range(3):
+            for y in range(2):
+                expected[x, y] = math.cos(a[x]) * math.cos(b[y])
+        assert ((cos(a)[:,newaxis] * cos(b).T) == expected).all()
 
     def test_newaxis_slice(self):
         from _numpypy import array
@@ -1338,6 +1346,10 @@
         dims_disagree = raises(ValueError, concatenate, (a1, b1), axis=0)
         assert str(dims_disagree.value) == \
             "array dimensions must agree except for axis being concatenated"
+        a = array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])
+        a = (a + a)[::2]
+        b = concatenate((a[:3], a[-3:]))
+        assert (b == [2, 6, 10, 2, 6, 10]).all()
 
     def test_std(self):
         from _numpypy import array
@@ -1387,6 +1399,16 @@
         assert (ones(1) + ones(1)).nbytes == 8
         assert array(3.0).nbytes == 8
 
+    def test_repeat(self):
+        from _numpypy import repeat, array
+        assert (repeat([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 3) == [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,
+                                                3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4]).all()
+        assert (repeat([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 2, axis=0) == [[1, 2], [1, 2], [3, 4],
+                                                        [3, 4]]).all()
+        assert (repeat([[1, 2], [3, 4]], 2, axis=1) == [[1, 1, 2, 2], [3, 3,
+                                                        4, 4]]).all()
+        assert (array([1, 2]).repeat(2) == array([1, 1, 2, 2])).all()
+
 
 class AppTestMultiDim(BaseNumpyAppTest):
     def test_init(self):
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/test/test_ufuncs.py
@@ -135,6 +135,38 @@
         assert fabs(float('-inf')) == float('inf')
         assert isnan(fabs(float('nan')))
 
+    def test_fmax(self):
+        from _numpypy import fmax
+        import math
+
+        nnan, nan, inf, ninf = float('-nan'), float('nan'), float('inf'), float('-inf')
+
+        a = [ninf, -5, 0, 5, inf]
+        assert (fmax(a, [ninf]*5) == a).all()
+        assert (fmax(a, [inf]*5) == [inf]*5).all()
+        assert (fmax(a, [1]*5) == [1, 1, 1, 5, inf]).all()
+        assert math.isnan(fmax(nan, 0))
+        assert math.isnan(fmax(0, nan))
+        assert math.isnan(fmax(nan, nan))
+        # The numpy docs specify that the FIRST NaN should be used if both are NaN
+        assert math.copysign(1.0, fmax(nnan, nan)) == -1.0
+
+    def test_fmin(self):
+        from _numpypy import fmin
+        import math
+
+        nnan, nan, inf, ninf = float('-nan'), float('nan'), float('inf'), float('-inf')
+
+        a = [ninf, -5, 0, 5, inf]
+        assert (fmin(a, [ninf]*5) == [ninf]*5).all()
+        assert (fmin(a, [inf]*5) == a).all()
+        assert (fmin(a, [1]*5) == [ninf, -5, 0, 1, 1]).all()
+        assert math.isnan(fmin(nan, 0))
+        assert math.isnan(fmin(0, nan))
+        assert math.isnan(fmin(nan, nan))
+        # The numpy docs specify that the FIRST NaN should be used if both are NaN
+        assert math.copysign(1.0, fmin(nnan, nan)) == -1.0
+
     def test_fmod(self):
         from _numpypy import fmod
         import math
@@ -221,24 +253,17 @@
         for i in range(3):
             assert c[i] == a[i] - b[i]
 
-    def test_floorceil(self):
-        from _numpypy import array, floor, ceil
+    def test_floorceiltrunc(self):
+        from _numpypy import array, floor, ceil, trunc
         import math
-        reference = [-2.0, -2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0]
-        a = array([-1.4, -1.5, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.4, 0.5])
-        b = floor(a)
-        for i in range(5):
-            assert b[i] == reference[i]
-        reference = [-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0]
-        a = array([-1.4, -1.5, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.4, 0.5])
-        b = ceil(a)
-        assert (reference == b).all()
-        inf = float("inf")
-        data = [1.5, 2.9999, -1.999, inf]
-        results = [math.floor(x) for x in data]
-        assert (floor(data) == results).all()
-        results = [math.ceil(x) for x in data]
-        assert (ceil(data) == results).all()
+        ninf, inf = float("-inf"), float("inf")
+        a = array([ninf, -1.4, -1.5, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.4, 0.5, inf])
+        assert ([ninf, -2.0, -2.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, inf] == floor(a)).all()
+        assert ([ninf, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, inf] == ceil(a)).all()
+        assert ([ninf, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0, inf] == trunc(a)).all()
+        assert all([math.isnan(f(float("nan"))) for f in floor, ceil, trunc])
+        assert all([math.copysign(1, f(float("nan"))) == 1 for f in floor, ceil, trunc])
+        assert all([math.copysign(1, f(float("-nan"))) == -1 for f in floor, ceil, trunc])
 
     def test_copysign(self):
         from _numpypy import array, copysign
@@ -455,6 +480,19 @@
         assert math.isnan(sqrt(-1))
         assert math.isnan(sqrt(nan))
 
+    def test_square(self):
+        import math
+        from _numpypy import square
+
+        nan, inf, ninf = float("nan"), float("inf"), float("-inf")
+
+        assert math.isnan(square(nan))
+        assert math.isinf(square(inf))
+        assert math.isinf(square(ninf))
+        assert square(ninf) > 0
+        assert [square(x) for x in range(-5, 5)] == [x*x for x in range(-5, 5)]
+        assert math.isinf(square(1e300))
+
     def test_radians(self):
         import math
         from _numpypy import radians, array
@@ -546,10 +584,18 @@
         raises(TypeError, 'array([1.0]) & 1')
 
     def test_unary_bitops(self):
-        from _numpypy import bitwise_not, array
+        from _numpypy import bitwise_not, invert, array
         a = array([1, 2, 3, 4])
         assert (~a == [-2, -3, -4, -5]).all()
         assert (bitwise_not(a) == ~a).all()
+        assert (invert(a) == ~a).all()
+
+    def test_shift(self):
+        from _numpypy import left_shift, right_shift
+        import sys
+
+        assert (left_shift([5, 1], [2, 31]) == [20, 2**31]).all()
+        assert (right_shift(10, range(5)) == [10, 5, 2, 1, 0]).all()
 
     def test_comparisons(self):
         import operator
diff --git a/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py b/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
--- a/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
+++ b/pypy/module/micronumpy/types.py
@@ -631,6 +631,22 @@
         return math.fabs(v)
 
     @simple_binary_op
+    def fmax(self, v1, v2):
+        if math.isnan(v1):
+            return v1
+        elif math.isnan(v2):
+            return v2
+        return max(v1, v2)
+
+    @simple_binary_op
+    def fmin(self, v1, v2):
+        if math.isnan(v1):
+            return v1
+        elif math.isnan(v2):
+            return v2
+        return min(v1, v2)
+
+    @simple_binary_op
     def fmod(self, v1, v2):
         try:
             return math.fmod(v1, v2)
@@ -652,6 +668,13 @@
         return math.ceil(v)
 
     @simple_unary_op
+    def trunc(self, v):
+        if v < 0:
+            return math.ceil(v)
+        else:
+            return math.floor(v)
+
+    @simple_unary_op
     def exp(self, v):
         try:
             return math.exp(v)
@@ -741,6 +764,10 @@
         except ValueError:
             return rfloat.NAN
 
+    @simple_unary_op
+    def square(self, v):
+        return v*v
+
     @raw_unary_op
     def isnan(self, v):
         return rfloat.isnan(v)
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_misc.py
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
             i19 = int_add(i12, 1)
             setfield_gc(p9, i19, descr=<FieldS .*W_AbstractSeqIterObject.inst_index .*>)
             guard_nonnull_class(p17, 146982464, descr=...)
-            i21 = getfield_gc(p17, descr=<FieldS .*W_ArrayTypei.inst_len .*>)
+            i21 = getfield_gc(p17, descr=<FieldS .*W_Array.*.inst_len .*>)
             i23 = int_lt(0, i21)
             guard_true(i23, descr=...)
             i24 = getfield_gc(p17, descr=<FieldU .*W_ArrayTypei.inst_buffer .*>)
@@ -351,3 +351,23 @@
         # the following assertion fails if the loop was cancelled due
         # to "abort: vable escape"
         assert len(log.loops_by_id("eval")) == 1
+
+    def test_sys_exc_info(self):
+        def main():
+            i = 1
+            lst = [i]
+            while i < 1000:
+                try:
+                    return lst[i]
+                except:
+                    e = sys.exc_info()[1]    # ID: exc_info
+                    if not isinstance(e, IndexError):
+                        raise
+                i += 1
+            return 42
+
+        log = self.run(main)
+        assert log.result == 42
+        # the following assertion fails if the loop was cancelled due
+        # to "abort: vable escape"
+        assert len(log.loops_by_id("exc_info")) == 1
diff --git a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
--- a/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
+++ b/pypy/module/pypyjit/test_pypy_c/test_string.py
@@ -198,3 +198,37 @@
             i49 = call(ConstClass(_ll_2_str_eq_nonnull__rpy_stringPtr_rpy_stringPtr), p35, ConstPtr(ptr48), descr=<Calli [48] rr EF=0 OS=28>)
             guard_value(i49, 1, descr=...)
             ''')
+
+    def test_remove_duplicate_method_calls(self):
+        def main(n):
+            lst = []
+            for i in range(n):
+                s = 'Hello %d' % i
+                t = s.lower()   # ID: callone
+                u = s.lower()   # ID: calltwo
+                lst.append(t)
+                lst.append(u)
+            return len(','.join(lst))
+        log = self.run(main, [1000])
+        assert log.result == main(1000)
+        loops = log.loops_by_filename(self.filepath)
+        loop, = loops
+        loop.match_by_id('callone', '''
+            p114 = call(ConstClass(ll_lower__rpy_stringPtr), p113, descr=<Callr . r EF=3>)
+            guard_no_exception(descr=...)
+            ''')
+        loop.match_by_id('calltwo', '')    # nothing
+
+    def test_move_method_call_out_of_loop(self):
+        def main(n):
+            lst = []
+            s = 'Hello %d' % n
+            for i in range(n):
+                t = s.lower()   # ID: callone
+                lst.append(t)
+            return len(','.join(lst))
+        log = self.run(main, [1000])
+        assert log.result == main(1000)
+        loops = log.loops_by_filename(self.filepath)
+        loop, = loops
+        loop.match_by_id('callone', '')    # nothing
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py b/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
--- a/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/test/test_sysmodule.py
@@ -595,3 +595,124 @@
         assert len(frames) == 1
         _, other_frame = frames.popitem()
         assert other_frame.f_code.co_name in ('other_thread', '?')
+
+
+class AppTestSysExcInfoDirect:
+
+    def setup_method(self, meth):
+        self.checking = not option.runappdirect
+        if self.checking:
+            self.seen = []
+            from pypy.module.sys import vm
+            def exc_info_with_tb(*args):
+                self.seen.append("n")     # not optimized
+                return self.old[0](*args)
+            def exc_info_without_tb(*args):
+                self.seen.append("y")     # optimized
+                return self.old[1](*args)
+            self.old = [vm.exc_info_with_tb, vm.exc_info_without_tb]
+            vm.exc_info_with_tb = exc_info_with_tb
+            vm.exc_info_without_tb = exc_info_without_tb
+            #
+            from pypy.rlib import jit
+            self.old2 = [jit.we_are_jitted]
+            jit.we_are_jitted = lambda: True
+
+    def teardown_method(self, meth):
+        if self.checking:
+            from pypy.module.sys import vm
+            from pypy.rlib import jit
+            vm.exc_info_with_tb = self.old[0]
+            vm.exc_info_without_tb = self.old[1]
+            jit.we_are_jitted = self.old2[0]
+            #
+            assert ''.join(self.seen) == meth.expected
+
+    def test_returns_none(self):
+        import sys
+        assert sys.exc_info() == (None, None, None)
+        assert sys.exc_info()[0] is None
+        assert sys.exc_info()[1] is None
+        assert sys.exc_info()[2] is None
+        assert sys.exc_info()[:2] == (None, None)
+        assert sys.exc_info()[:3] == (None, None, None)
+        assert sys.exc_info()[0:2] == (None, None)
+        assert sys.exc_info()[2:4] == (None,)
+    test_returns_none.expected = 'nnnnnnnn'
+
+    def test_returns_subscr(self):
+        import sys
+        e = KeyError("boom")
+        try:
+            raise e
+        except:
+            assert sys.exc_info()[0] is KeyError  # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[1] is e         # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[2] is not None  # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[-3] is KeyError # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[-2] is e        # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[-1] is not None # n
+    test_returns_subscr.expected = 'yynyyn'
+
+    def test_returns_slice_2(self):
+        import sys
+        e = KeyError("boom")
+        try:
+            raise e
+        except:
+            foo = sys.exc_info()                  # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:0] == ()       # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:1] == foo[:1]  # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:2] == foo[:2]  # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:3] == foo      # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:4] == foo      # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:-1] == foo[:2] # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:-2] == foo[:1] # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[:-3] == ()      # y
+    test_returns_slice_2.expected = 'nyyynnyyy'
+
+    def test_returns_slice_3(self):
+        import sys
+        e = KeyError("boom")
+        try:
+            raise e
+        except:
+            foo = sys.exc_info()                   # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[2:2] == ()       # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[0:1] == foo[:1]  # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[1:2] == foo[1:2] # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[0:3] == foo      # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[2:4] == foo[2:]  # n
+            assert sys.exc_info()[0:-1] == foo[:2] # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[0:-2] == foo[:1] # y
+            assert sys.exc_info()[5:-3] == ()      # y
+    test_returns_slice_3.expected = 'nyyynnyyy'
+
+    def test_strange_invocation(self):
+        import sys
+        e = KeyError("boom")
+        try:
+            raise e
+        except:
+            a = []; k = {}
+            assert sys.exc_info(*a)[:0] == ()
+            assert sys.exc_info(**k)[:0] == ()
+    test_strange_invocation.expected = 'nn'
+
+    def test_call_in_subfunction(self):
+        import sys
+        def g():
+            # this case is not optimized, because we need to search the
+            # frame chain.  it's probably not worth the complications
+            return sys.exc_info()[1]
+        e = KeyError("boom")
+        try:
+            raise e
+        except:
+            assert g() is e
+    test_call_in_subfunction.expected = 'n'
+
+
+class AppTestSysExcInfoDirectCallMethod(AppTestSysExcInfoDirect):
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.space = gettestobjspace(**{"objspace.opcodes.CALL_METHOD": True})
diff --git a/pypy/module/sys/vm.py b/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
--- a/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
+++ b/pypy/module/sys/vm.py
@@ -89,6 +89,9 @@
     """Return the (type, value, traceback) of the most recent exception
 caught by an except clause in the current stack frame or in an older stack
 frame."""
+    return exc_info_with_tb(space)    # indirection for the tests
+
+def exc_info_with_tb(space):
     operror = space.getexecutioncontext().sys_exc_info()
     if operror is None:
         return space.newtuple([space.w_None,space.w_None,space.w_None])
@@ -96,6 +99,59 @@
         return space.newtuple([operror.w_type, operror.get_w_value(space),
                                space.wrap(operror.get_traceback())])
 
+def exc_info_without_tb(space, frame):
+    operror = frame.last_exception
+    return space.newtuple([operror.w_type, operror.get_w_value(space),
+                           space.w_None])
+
+def exc_info_direct(space, frame):
+    from pypy.tool import stdlib_opcode
+    # In order to make the JIT happy, we try to return (exc, val, None)
+    # instead of (exc, val, tb).  We can do that only if we recognize
+    # the following pattern in the bytecode:
+    #       CALL_FUNCTION/CALL_METHOD         <-- invoking me
+    #       LOAD_CONST 0, 1, -2 or -3
+    #       BINARY_SUBSCR
+    # or:
+    #       CALL_FUNCTION/CALL_METHOD
+    #       LOAD_CONST <=2
+    #       SLICE_2
+    # or:
+    #       CALL_FUNCTION/CALL_METHOD
+    #       LOAD_CONST any integer
+    #       LOAD_CONST <=2
+    #       SLICE_3
+    need_all_three_args = True
+    co = frame.getcode().co_code
+    p = frame.last_instr
+    if (ord(co[p]) == stdlib_opcode.CALL_FUNCTION or
+        ord(co[p]) == stdlib_opcode.CALL_METHOD):
+        if ord(co[p+3]) == stdlib_opcode.LOAD_CONST:
+            lo = ord(co[p+4])
+            hi = ord(co[p+5])
+            w_constant = frame.getconstant_w((hi * 256) | lo)
+            if space.isinstance_w(w_constant, space.w_int):
+                constant = space.int_w(w_constant)
+                if ord(co[p+6]) == stdlib_opcode.BINARY_SUBSCR:
+                    if -3 <= constant <= 1 and constant != -1:
+                        need_all_three_args = False
+                elif ord(co[p+6]) == stdlib_opcode.SLICE+2:
+                    if constant <= 2:
+                        need_all_three_args = False
+                elif (ord(co[p+6]) == stdlib_opcode.LOAD_CONST and
+                      ord(co[p+9]) == stdlib_opcode.SLICE+3):
+                    lo = ord(co[p+7])
+                    hi = ord(co[p+8])
+                    w_constant = frame.getconstant_w((hi * 256) | lo)
+                    if space.isinstance_w(w_constant, space.w_int):
+                        if space.int_w(w_constant) <= 2:
+                            need_all_three_args = False
+    #
+    if need_all_three_args or frame.last_exception is None or frame.hide():
+        return exc_info_with_tb(space)
+    else:
+        return exc_info_without_tb(space, frame)
+
 def exc_clear(space):
     """Clear global information on the current exception.  Subsequent calls
 to exc_info() will return (None,None,None) until another exception is
diff --git a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_datetime.py b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_datetime.py
--- a/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_datetime.py
+++ b/pypy/module/test_lib_pypy/test_datetime.py
@@ -44,3 +44,9 @@
     assert type(dt.microsecond) is int
 
     copy.copy(dt)
+
+def test_radd():
+    class X(object):
+        def __radd__(self, other):
+            return "radd"
+    assert datetime.date(10, 10, 10) + X() == "radd"
diff --git a/pypy/module/thread/test/test_ll_thread.py b/pypy/module/thread/test/test_ll_thread.py
--- a/pypy/module/thread/test/test_ll_thread.py
+++ b/pypy/module/thread/test/test_ll_thread.py
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
     def test_gc_locking(self):
         import time
         from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import invoke_around_extcall
-        from pypy.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
         from pypy.rlib.debug import ll_assert
 
         class State:
@@ -129,8 +128,6 @@
             state.finished = 0
             # the next line installs before_extcall() and after_extcall()
             # to be called automatically around external function calls.
-            # When not translated it does not work around time.sleep(),
-            # so we have to call them manually for this test.
             invoke_around_extcall(before_extcall, after_extcall)
 
             g(10, 1)
@@ -142,13 +139,9 @@
                 willing_to_wait_more -= 1
                 done = len(state.answers) == expected
 
-                if not we_are_translated(): before_extcall()
                 time.sleep(0.01)
-                if not we_are_translated(): after_extcall()
 
-            if not we_are_translated(): before_extcall()
             time.sleep(0.1)
-            if not we_are_translated(): after_extcall()
 
             return len(state.answers)
 
@@ -160,12 +153,11 @@
         answers = fn()
         assert answers == expected
 
-class TestRunDirectly(AbstractThreadTests):
-    def getcompiled(self, f, argtypes):
-        return f
-
-    def test_start_new_thread(self):
-        py.test.skip("deadlocks occasionally -- why???")
+#class TestRunDirectly(AbstractThreadTests):
+#    def getcompiled(self, f, argtypes):
+#        return f
+# These are disabled because they crash occasionally for bad reasons
+# related to the fact that ll2ctypes is not at all thread-safe
 
 class TestUsingBoehm(AbstractThreadTests):
     gcpolicy = 'boehm'
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py b/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/descroperation.py
@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@
     return w_eq
 type_eq._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:memo'
 
+def list_iter(space):
+    "Utility that returns the app-level descriptor list.__iter__."
+    w_src, w_iter = space.lookup_in_type_where(space.w_list,
+                                               '__iter__')
+    return w_iter
+list_iter._annspecialcase_ = 'specialize:memo'
+
 def raiseattrerror(space, w_obj, name, w_descr=None):
     w_type = space.type(w_obj)
     typename = w_type.getname(space)
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py b/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/fake/objspace.py
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
         return s_None
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, None)
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/celldict.py b/pypy/objspace/std/celldict.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/celldict.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/celldict.py
@@ -163,7 +163,8 @@
 
 class ModuleDictIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(
+            self, space, strategy, dictimplementation)
         dict_w = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.dstorage)
         self.iterator = dict_w.iteritems()
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/dictmultiobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/dictmultiobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/dictmultiobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/dictmultiobject.py
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
         return 0
 
     def iter(self, w_dict):
-        return EmptyIteratorImplementation(self.space, w_dict)
+        return EmptyIteratorImplementation(self.space, self, w_dict)
 
     def clear(self, w_dict):
         return
@@ -263,8 +263,9 @@
 # Iterator Implementation base classes
 
 class IteratorImplementation(object):
-    def __init__(self, space, implementation):
+    def __init__(self, space, strategy, implementation):
         self.space = space
+        self.strategy = strategy
         self.dictimplementation = implementation
         self.len = implementation.length()
         self.pos = 0
@@ -280,7 +281,20 @@
         if self.pos < self.len:
             result = self.next_entry()
             self.pos += 1
-            return result
+            if self.strategy is self.dictimplementation.strategy:
+                return result      # common case
+            else:
+                # waaa, obscure case: the strategy changed, but not the
+                # length of the dict.  The (key, value) pair in 'result'
+                # might be out-of-date.  We try to explicitly look up
+                # the key in the dict.
+                w_key = result[0]
+                w_value = self.dictimplementation.getitem(w_key)
+                if w_value is None:
+                    self.len = -1   # Make this error state sticky
+                    raise OperationError(self.space.w_RuntimeError,
+                        self.space.wrap("dictionary changed during iteration"))
+                return (w_key, w_value)
         # no more entries
         self.dictimplementation = None
         return None, None
@@ -489,7 +503,7 @@
     _mixin_ = True
 
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation)
         self.iterator = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.dstorage).iteritems()
 
     def next_entry(self):
@@ -503,7 +517,7 @@
     _mixin_ = True
 
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation)
         self.iterator = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.dstorage).iteritems()
 
     def next_entry(self):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/dictproxyobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/dictproxyobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/dictproxyobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/dictproxyobject.py
@@ -20,7 +20,17 @@
     def getitem(self, w_dict, w_key):
         space = self.space
         w_lookup_type = space.type(w_key)
-        if space.is_w(w_lookup_type, space.w_str):
+        if (space.is_w(w_lookup_type, space.w_str) or  # Most common path first
+            space.abstract_issubclass_w(w_lookup_type, space.w_str)):
+            return self.getitem_str(w_dict, space.str_w(w_key))
+        elif space.abstract_issubclass_w(w_lookup_type, space.w_unicode):
+            try:
+                w_key = space.str(w_key)
+            except OperationError, e:
+                if not e.match(space, space.w_UnicodeEncodeError):
+                    raise
+                # non-ascii unicode is never equal to a byte string
+                return None
             return self.getitem_str(w_dict, space.str_w(w_key))
         else:
             return None
@@ -98,7 +108,8 @@
 
 class DictProxyIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(
+            self, space, strategy, dictimplementation)
         w_type = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.dstorage)
         self.iterator = w_type.dict_w.iteritems()
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/mapdict.py b/pypy/objspace/std/mapdict.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/mapdict.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/mapdict.py
@@ -703,7 +703,8 @@
 
 class MapDictIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(
+            self, space, strategy, dictimplementation)
         w_obj = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.dstorage)
         self.w_obj = w_obj
         self.orig_map = self.curr_map = w_obj._get_mapdict_map()
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py b/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/objspace.py
@@ -439,6 +439,8 @@
             t = w_obj.getitems()
         elif isinstance(w_obj, W_AbstractTupleObject):
             t = w_obj.getitems_copy()
+        elif isinstance(w_obj, W_ListObject) and self._uses_list_iter(w_obj):
+            t = w_obj.getitems()
         else:
             return ObjSpace.unpackiterable(self, w_obj, expected_length)
         if expected_length != -1 and len(t) != expected_length:
@@ -456,6 +458,8 @@
             return w_obj.listview_str()
         if isinstance(w_obj, W_StringObject):
             return w_obj.listview_str()
+        if isinstance(w_obj, W_ListObject) and self._uses_list_iter(w_obj):
+            return w_obj.getitems_str()
         return None
 
     def listview_int(self, w_obj):
@@ -465,8 +469,14 @@
             return w_obj.listview_int()
         if type(w_obj) is W_SetObject or type(w_obj) is W_FrozensetObject:
             return w_obj.listview_int()
+        if isinstance(w_obj, W_ListObject) and self._uses_list_iter(w_obj):
+            return w_obj.getitems_int()
         return None
 
+    def _uses_list_iter(self, w_obj):
+        from pypy.objspace.descroperation import list_iter
+        return self.lookup(w_obj, '__iter__') is list_iter(self)
+
     def sliceindices(self, w_slice, w_length):
         if isinstance(w_slice, W_SliceObject):
             a, b, c = w_slice.indices3(self, self.int_w(w_length))
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/setobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/setobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/setobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/setobject.py
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@
         w_set.sstorage = w_other.get_storage_copy()
 
     def iter(self, w_set):
-        return EmptyIteratorImplementation(self.space, w_set)
+        return EmptyIteratorImplementation(self.space, self, w_set)
 
     def popitem(self, w_set):
         raise OperationError(self.space.w_KeyError,
@@ -784,8 +784,9 @@
             d_obj[w_item] = None
 
 class IteratorImplementation(object):
-    def __init__(self, space, implementation):
+    def __init__(self, space, strategy, implementation):
         self.space = space
+        self.strategy = strategy
         self.setimplementation = implementation
         self.len = implementation.length()
         self.pos = 0
@@ -801,7 +802,17 @@
         if self.pos < self.len:
             result = self.next_entry()
             self.pos += 1
-            return result
+            if self.strategy is self.setimplementation.strategy:
+                return result      # common case
+            else:
+                # waaa, obscure case: the strategy changed, but not the
+                # length of the set.  The 'result' might be out-of-date.
+                # We try to explicitly look it up in the set.
+                if not self.setimplementation.has_key(result):
+                    self.len = -1   # Make this error state sticky
+                    raise OperationError(self.space.w_RuntimeError,
+                        self.space.wrap("dictionary changed during iteration"))
+                return result
         # no more entries
         self.setimplementation = None
         return None
@@ -823,7 +834,7 @@
 
 class StringIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
     def __init__(self, space, strategy, w_set):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, w_set)
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, strategy, w_set)
         d = strategy.unerase(w_set.sstorage)
         self.iterator = d.iterkeys()
 
@@ -835,9 +846,9 @@
 
 class IntegerIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
     #XXX same implementation in dictmultiobject on dictstrategy-branch
-    def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
-        d = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.sstorage)
+    def __init__(self, space, strategy, w_set):
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, strategy, w_set)
+        d = strategy.unerase(w_set.sstorage)
         self.iterator = d.iterkeys()
 
     def next_entry(self):
@@ -848,9 +859,9 @@
             return None
 
 class RDictIteratorImplementation(IteratorImplementation):
-    def __init__(self, space, strategy, dictimplementation):
-        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, dictimplementation)
-        d = strategy.unerase(dictimplementation.sstorage)
+    def __init__(self, space, strategy, w_set):
+        IteratorImplementation.__init__(self, space, strategy, w_set)
+        d = strategy.unerase(w_set.sstorage)
         self.iterator = d.iterkeys()
 
     def next_entry(self):
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictmultiobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictmultiobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictmultiobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictmultiobject.py
@@ -804,6 +804,33 @@
         assert "IntDictStrategy" in self.get_strategy(d)
         assert d[1L] == "hi"
 
+    def test_iter_dict_length_change(self):
+        d = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}
+        it = d.iteritems()
+        d[7] = 8
+        # 'd' is now length 4
+        raises(RuntimeError, it.next)
+
+    def test_iter_dict_strategy_only_change_1(self):
+        d = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}
+        it = d.iteritems()
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return False
+        assert d.get(Foo()) is None    # this changes the strategy of 'd'
+        lst = list(it)  # but iterating still works
+        assert sorted(lst) == [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
+
+    def test_iter_dict_strategy_only_change_2(self):
+        d = {1: 2, 3: 4, 5: 6}
+        it = d.iteritems()
+        d['foo'] = 'bar'
+        del d[1]
+        # 'd' is still length 3, but its strategy changed.  we are
+        # getting a RuntimeError because iterating over the old storage
+        # gives us (1, 2), but 1 is not in the dict any longer.
+        raises(RuntimeError, list, it)
+
 
 class FakeString(str):
     hash_count = 0
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictproxy.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictproxy.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictproxy.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_dictproxy.py
@@ -25,6 +25,16 @@
         key, value = NotEmpty.__dict__.popitem()
         assert (key == 'a' and value == 1) or (key == 'b' and value == 4)
 
+    def test_dictproxy_getitem(self):
+        class NotEmpty(object):
+            a = 1
+        assert 'a' in NotEmpty.__dict__
+        class substr(str): pass
+        assert substr('a') in NotEmpty.__dict__
+        assert u'a' in NotEmpty.__dict__
+        assert NotEmpty.__dict__[u'a'] == 1
+        assert u'\xe9' not in NotEmpty.__dict__
+
     def test_dictproxyeq(self):
         class a(object):
             pass
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_listobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_listobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_listobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_listobject.py
@@ -1186,14 +1186,23 @@
         # of dicts, because the OrderedDict in the stdlib relies on this.
         # we extend the use case to lists and sets, i.e. all types that have
         # strategies, to avoid surprizes depending on the strategy.
-        for base, arg in [(list, []), (list, [5]), (list, ['x']),
-                          (set, []),  (set,  [5]), (set,  ['x']),
-                          (dict, []), (dict, [(5,6)]), (dict, [('x',7)])]:
+        class X: pass
+        for base, arg in [
+                (list, []), (list, [5]), (list, ['x']), (list, [X]),
+                (set, []),  (set,  [5]), (set,  ['x']), (set, [X]),
+                (dict, []), (dict, [(5,6)]), (dict, [('x',7)]), (dict, [(X,8)]),
+                ]:
             print base, arg
             class SubClass(base):
                 def __iter__(self):
                     return iter("foobar")
             assert list(SubClass(arg)) == ['f', 'o', 'o', 'b', 'a', 'r']
+            class Sub2(base):
+                pass
+            assert list(Sub2(arg)) == list(base(arg))
+            s = set()
+            s.update(Sub2(arg))
+            assert s == set(base(arg))
 
 class AppTestForRangeLists(AppTestW_ListObject):
 
diff --git a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_setobject.py b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_setobject.py
--- a/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_setobject.py
+++ b/pypy/objspace/std/test/test_setobject.py
@@ -907,3 +907,30 @@
                 return [5, 3, 4][i]
         s = set([10,3,2]).intersection(Obj())
         assert list(s) == [3]
+
+    def test_iter_set_length_change(self):
+        s = set([1, 3, 5])
+        it = iter(s)
+        s.add(7)
+        # 's' is now length 4
+        raises(RuntimeError, it.next)
+
+    def test_iter_set_strategy_only_change_1(self):
+        s = set([1, 3, 5])
+        it = iter(s)
+        class Foo(object):
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return False
+        assert Foo() not in s      # this changes the strategy of 'd'
+        lst = list(s)  # but iterating still works
+        assert sorted(lst) == [1, 3, 5]
+
+    def test_iter_set_strategy_only_change_2(self):
+        s = set([1, 3, 5])
+        it = iter(s)
+        s.add('foo')
+        s.remove(1)
+        # 's' is still length 3, but its strategy changed.  we are
+        # getting a RuntimeError because iterating over the old storage
+        # gives us 1, but 1 is not in the set any longer.
+        raises(RuntimeError, list, it)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/jit.py b/pypy/rlib/jit.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/jit.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/jit.py
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
         pass
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
-        pass
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
 
 vref_None = non_virtual_ref(None)
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/jit_hooks.py b/pypy/rlib/jit_hooks.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/jit_hooks.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/jit_hooks.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
                 c_name = hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, 'access_helper')
                 args_v = [hop.inputarg(arg, arg=i)
                           for i, arg in enumerate(hop.args_r)]
+                hop.exception_cannot_occur()
                 return hop.genop('jit_marker', [c_name, c_func] + args_v,
                                  resulttype=hop.r_result)
         return helper
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py b/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/longlong2float.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 FLOAT_ARRAY_PTR = lltype.Ptr(lltype.Array(rffi.FLOAT))
 
 # these definitions are used only in tests, when not translated
-def longlong2float_emulator(llval):
+def longlong2float(llval):
     with lltype.scoped_alloc(DOUBLE_ARRAY_PTR.TO, 1) as d_array:
         ll_array = rffi.cast(LONGLONG_ARRAY_PTR, d_array)
         ll_array[0] = llval
@@ -51,12 +51,6 @@
 
 eci = ExternalCompilationInfo(includes=['string.h', 'assert.h'],
                               post_include_bits=["""
-static double pypy__longlong2float(long long x) {
-    double dd;
-    assert(sizeof(double) == 8 && sizeof(long long) == 8);
-    memcpy(&dd, &x, 8);
-    return dd;
-}
 static float pypy__uint2singlefloat(unsigned int x) {
     float ff;
     assert(sizeof(float) == 4 && sizeof(unsigned int) == 4);
@@ -71,12 +65,6 @@
 }
 """])
 
-longlong2float = rffi.llexternal(
-    "pypy__longlong2float", [rffi.LONGLONG], rffi.DOUBLE,
-    _callable=longlong2float_emulator, compilation_info=eci,
-    _nowrapper=True, elidable_function=True, sandboxsafe=True,
-    oo_primitive="pypy__longlong2float")
-
 uint2singlefloat = rffi.llexternal(
     "pypy__uint2singlefloat", [rffi.UINT], rffi.FLOAT,
     _callable=uint2singlefloat_emulator, compilation_info=eci,
@@ -99,4 +87,17 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         [v_float] = hop.inputargs(lltype.Float)
-        return hop.genop("convert_float_bytes_to_longlong", [v_float], resulttype=hop.r_result)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
+        return hop.genop("convert_float_bytes_to_longlong", [v_float], resulttype=lltype.SignedLongLong)
+
+class LongLong2FloatEntry(ExtRegistryEntry):
+    _about_ = longlong2float
+
+    def compute_result_annotation(self, s_longlong):
+        assert annmodel.SomeInteger(knowntype=r_int64).contains(s_longlong)
+        return annmodel.SomeFloat()
+
+    def specialize_call(self, hop):
+        [v_longlong] = hop.inputargs(lltype.SignedLongLong)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
+        return hop.genop("convert_longlong_bytes_to_float", [v_longlong], resulttype=lltype.Float)
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/objectmodel.py b/pypy/rlib/objectmodel.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/objectmodel.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/objectmodel.py
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Bool, hop.s_result.const)
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
@@ -397,6 +398,7 @@
         r_obj, = hop.args_r
         v_obj, = hop.inputargs(r_obj)
         ll_fn = r_obj.get_ll_hash_function()
+        hop.exception_is_here()
         return hop.gendirectcall(ll_fn, v_obj)
 
 class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -419,6 +421,7 @@
             from pypy.rpython.error import TyperError
             raise TyperError("compute_identity_hash() cannot be applied to"
                              " %r" % (vobj.concretetype,))
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_identityhash', [vobj], resulttype=lltype.Signed)
 
 class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -441,6 +444,7 @@
             from pypy.rpython.error import TyperError
             raise TyperError("compute_unique_id() cannot be applied to"
                              " %r" % (vobj.concretetype,))
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_id', [vobj], resulttype=lltype.Signed)
 
 class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -452,6 +456,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         vobj, = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         if hop.rtyper.type_system.name == 'lltypesystem':
             from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
             if isinstance(vobj.concretetype, lltype.Ptr):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py b/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rbigint.py
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
         s_DIGIT = self.bookkeeper.valueoftype(type(NULLDIGIT))
         assert s_DIGIT.contains(s_list.listdef.listitem.s_value)
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
-        pass
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
 
 
 class rbigint(object):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rerased.py b/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rerased.py
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
         def specialize_call(self, hop):
             bk = hop.rtyper.annotator.bookkeeper
             s_obj = identity.get_input_annotation(bk)
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
             return hop.r_result.rtype_erase(hop, s_obj)
 
     class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@
             return identity.leave_tunnel(self.bookkeeper)
 
         def specialize_call(self, hop):
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
             if hop.r_result.lowleveltype is lltype.Void:
                 return hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, None)
             [v] = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
@@ -214,6 +216,7 @@
         return hop.genop('cast_opaque_ptr', [v], resulttype=hop.r_result)
 
     def rtype_unerase_int(self, hop, v):
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.gendirectcall(ll_unerase_int, v)
 
     def rtype_erase_int(self, hop):
@@ -264,6 +267,7 @@
 
     def rtype_unerase_int(self, hop, v):
         c_one = hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed, 1)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         v2 = hop.genop('oounbox_int', [v], resulttype=hop.r_result)
         return hop.genop('int_rshift', [v2, c_one], resulttype=lltype.Signed)
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rgc.py b/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rgc.py
@@ -382,6 +382,7 @@
     def compute_result_annotation(self):
         return s_list_of_gcrefs()
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_get_rpy_roots', [], resulttype = hop.r_result)
 
 class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -392,6 +393,7 @@
         return s_list_of_gcrefs()
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_get_rpy_referents', vlist,
                          resulttype = hop.r_result)
 
@@ -402,6 +404,7 @@
         return annmodel.SomeInteger()
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_get_rpy_memory_usage', vlist,
                          resulttype = hop.r_result)
 
@@ -412,6 +415,7 @@
         return annmodel.SomeInteger()
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_get_rpy_type_index', vlist,
                          resulttype = hop.r_result)
 
@@ -430,6 +434,7 @@
         return annmodel.SomeBool()
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('gc_is_rpy_instance', vlist,
                          resulttype = hop.r_result)
 
@@ -449,6 +454,7 @@
         classrepr = getclassrepr(hop.rtyper, classdef)
         vtable = classrepr.getvtable()
         assert lltype.typeOf(vtable) == rclass.CLASSTYPE
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return Constant(vtable, concretetype=rclass.CLASSTYPE)
 
 class Entry(ExtRegistryEntry):
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rsre/rsre_re.py b/pypy/rlib/rsre/rsre_re.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rsre/rsre_re.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rsre/rsre_re.py
@@ -172,8 +172,9 @@
         self._ctx = ctx
 
     def span(self, groupnum=0):
-        if not isinstance(groupnum, (int, long)):
-            groupnum = self.re.groupindex[groupnum]
+#        if not isinstance(groupnum, (int, long)):
+#            groupnum = self.re.groupindex[groupnum]
+ 
         return self._ctx.span(groupnum)
 
     def start(self, groupnum=0):
@@ -182,19 +183,25 @@
     def end(self, groupnum=0):
         return self.span(groupnum)[1]
 
-    def group(self, *groups):
-        groups = groups or (0,)
-        result = []
-        for group in groups:
-            frm, to = self.span(group)
-            if 0 <= frm <= to:
-                result.append(self._ctx._string[frm:to])
-            else:
-                result.append(None)
-        if len(result) > 1:
-            return tuple(result)
+    def group(self, group=0):
+        frm, to = self.span(group)
+        if 0 <= frm <= to:
+            return self._ctx._string[frm:to]
         else:
-            return result[0]
+            return None
+
+#    def group(self, *groups):
+#        groups = groups or (0,)
+#        result = []
+#        for group in groups:
+#            frm, to = self.span(group)
+#            if 0 <= frm <= to:
+#                result.append(self._ctx._string[frm:to])
+#            else:
+#                result.append(None)
+#        if len(result) > 1:
+#            return tuple(result)
+
 
     def groups(self, default=None):
         fmarks = self._ctx.flatten_marks()
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_re.py b/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_re.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_re.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_re.py
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
         assert re.match('(a)', 'a').groups() == ('a',)
         assert re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(0) == 'a'
         assert re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(1) == 'a'
-        assert re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(1, 1) == ('a', 'a')
+        #assert re.match(r'(a)', 'a').group(1, 1) == ('a', 'a')
 
         pat = re.compile('((a)|(b))(c)?')
         assert pat.match('a').groups() == ('a', 'a', None, None)
@@ -218,13 +218,13 @@
         assert m.group(0) == 'a'
         assert m.group(0) == 'a'
         assert m.group(1) == 'a'
-        assert m.group(1, 1) == ('a', 'a')
+        #assert m.group(1, 1) == ('a', 'a')
 
         pat = re.compile('(?:(?P<a1>a)|(?P<b2>b))(?P<c3>c)?')
-        assert pat.match('a').group(1, 2, 3) == ('a', None, None)
-        assert pat.match('b').group('a1', 'b2', 'c3') == (
-                         (None, 'b', None))
-        assert pat.match('ac').group(1, 'b2', 3) == ('a', None, 'c')
+        #assert pat.match('a').group(1, 2, 3) == ('a', None, None)
+        #assert pat.match('b').group('a1', 'b2', 'c3') == (
+        #                 (None, 'b', None))
+        #assert pat.match('ac').group(1, 'b2', 3) == ('a', None, 'c')
 
     def test_bug_923(self):
         # Issue923: grouping inside optional lookahead problem
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_zinterp.py b/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_zinterp.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_zinterp.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rsre/test/test_zinterp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # minimal test: just checks that (parts of) rsre can be translated
 
-from pypy.rpython.test.test_llinterp import gengraph
+from pypy.rpython.test.test_llinterp import gengraph, interpret
 from pypy.rlib.rsre import rsre_core
+from pypy.rlib.rsre.rsre_re import compile
 
 def main(n):
     assert n >= 0
@@ -19,3 +20,18 @@
 
 def test_gengraph():
     t, typer, graph = gengraph(main, [int])
+
+m = compile("(a|b)aaaaa")
+
+def test_match():
+    def f(i):
+        if i:
+            s = "aaaaaa"
+        else:
+            s = "caaaaa"
+        g = m.match(s)
+        if g is None:
+            return 3
+        return int("aaaaaa" == g.group(0))
+    assert interpret(f, [3]) == 1
+    assert interpret(f, [0]) == 3
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/rstring.py b/pypy/rlib/rstring.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/rstring.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/rstring.py
@@ -245,5 +245,5 @@
             raise ValueError("Value is not no_nul")
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
-        pass
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
 
diff --git a/pypy/rlib/test/test_longlong2float.py b/pypy/rlib/test/test_longlong2float.py
--- a/pypy/rlib/test/test_longlong2float.py
+++ b/pypy/rlib/test/test_longlong2float.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import longlong2float, float2longlong
 from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import uint2singlefloat, singlefloat2uint
 from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import r_singlefloat
+from pypy.rpython.test.test_llinterp import interpret
 
 
 def fn(f1):
@@ -31,6 +32,18 @@
         res = fn2(x)
         assert repr(res) == repr(x)
 
+def test_interpreted():
+    def f(f1):
+        try:
+            ll = float2longlong(f1)
+            return longlong2float(ll)
+        except Exception:
+            return 500
+
+    for x in enum_floats():
+        res = interpret(f, [x])
+        assert repr(res) == repr(x)
+
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def fnsingle(f1):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/annlowlevel.py b/pypy/rpython/annlowlevel.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/annlowlevel.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/annlowlevel.py
@@ -543,11 +543,11 @@
         else:
             assert False
 
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         if isinstance(hop.args_r[1], rpbc.NoneFrozenPBCRepr):
             return hop.inputconst(PTR, null)
         v_arg = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[1], arg=1)
         assert isinstance(v_arg.concretetype, T)
-        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop(opname, [v_arg], resulttype = PTR)
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/controllerentry.py b/pypy/rpython/controllerentry.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/controllerentry.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/controllerentry.py
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
         assert hop.s_result.is_constant()
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Bool, hop.s_result.const)
 
 # ____________________________________________________________
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/lloperation.py
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, None)
 
 def enum_ops_without_sideeffects(raising_is_ok=False):
@@ -350,6 +351,7 @@
     'truncate_longlong_to_int':LLOp(canfold=True),
     'force_cast':           LLOp(sideeffects=False),    # only for rffi.cast()
     'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong': LLOp(canfold=True),
+    'convert_longlong_bytes_to_float': LLOp(canfold=True),
 
     # __________ pointer operations __________
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/opimpl.py
@@ -431,6 +431,10 @@
     from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import float2longlong
     return float2longlong(a)
 
+def op_convert_longlong_bytes_to_float(a):
+    from pypy.rlib.longlong2float import longlong2float
+    return longlong2float(a)
+
 
 def op_unichar_eq(x, y):
     assert isinstance(x, unicode) and len(x) == 1
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuiltin.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuiltin.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuiltin.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rbuiltin.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 from pypy.rpython.rbool import bool_repr
 
 def rtype_builtin_isinstance(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.s_result.is_constant():
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Bool, hop.s_result.const)
     if hop.args_r[0] == pyobj_repr or hop.args_r[1] == pyobj_repr:
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
     return my_instantiate()
 
 def rtype_instantiate(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     s_class = hop.args_s[0]
     assert isinstance(s_class, annmodel.SomePBC)
     if len(s_class.descriptions) != 1:
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@
     return rclass.rtype_new_instance(hop.rtyper, classdef, hop.llops)
 
 def rtype_builtin_hasattr(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.s_result.is_constant():
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Bool, hop.s_result.const)
     if hop.args_r[0] == pyobj_repr:
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@
     raise TyperError("hasattr is only suported on a constant or on PyObject")
 
 def rtype_builtin___import__(hop):
+    xxx    # should not be used any more
     args_v = hop.inputargs(*[pyobj_repr for ign in hop.args_r])
     c = hop.inputconst(pyobj_repr, __import__)
     return hop.genop('simple_call', [c] + args_v, resulttype = pyobj_repr)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rclass.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rclass.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rclass.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rclass.py
@@ -746,4 +746,5 @@
         assert isinstance(TYPE, GcStruct)
         assert lltype._castdepth(TYPE, OBJECT) > 0
         hop.rtyper.set_type_for_typeptr(vtable, TYPE)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, None)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rstr.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rstr.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rstr.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rstr.py
@@ -765,7 +765,11 @@
     def _ll_stringslice(s1, start, stop):
         lgt = stop - start
         assert start >= 0
-        assert lgt >= 0
+        # If start > stop, return a empty string. This can happen if the start
+        # is greater than the length of the string. Use < instead of <= to avoid
+        # creating another path for the JIT when start == stop.
+        if lgt < 0:
+            return s1.empty()
         newstr = s1.malloc(lgt)
         s1.copy_contents(s1, newstr, start, 0, lgt)
         return newstr
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtuple.py b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtuple.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtuple.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/lltypesystem/rtuple.py
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
         vtup = hop.inputarg(self, 0)
         LIST = hop.r_result.lowleveltype.TO
         cno = inputconst(Signed, nitems)
+        hop.exception_is_here()
         vlist = hop.gendirectcall(LIST.ll_newlist, cno)
         v_func = hop.inputconst(Void, rlist.dum_nocheck)
         for index in range(nitems):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/memory/gc/minimark.py
@@ -1426,23 +1426,25 @@
                 self._visit_young_rawmalloced_object(obj)
             return
         #
-        # If 'obj' was already forwarded, change it to its forwarding address.
-        if self.is_forwarded(obj):
+        size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
+        if self.header(obj).tid & GCFLAG_HAS_SHADOW == 0:
+            #
+            # Common case: 'obj' was not already forwarded (otherwise
+            # tid == -42, containing all flags), and it doesn't have the
+            # HAS_SHADOW flag either.  We must move it out of the nursery,
+            # into a new nonmovable location.
+            totalsize = size_gc_header + self.get_size(obj)
+            newhdr = self._malloc_out_of_nursery(totalsize)
+            #
+        elif self.is_forwarded(obj):
+            #
+            # 'obj' was already forwarded.  Change the original reference
+            # to point to its forwarding address, and we're done.
             root.address[0] = self.get_forwarding_address(obj)
             return
-        #
-        # First visit to 'obj': we must move it out of the nursery.
-        size_gc_header = self.gcheaderbuilder.size_gc_header
-        size = self.get_size(obj)
-        totalsize = size_gc_header + size
-        #
-        if self.header(obj).tid & GCFLAG_HAS_SHADOW == 0:
-            #
-            # Common case: allocate a new nonmovable location for it.
-            newhdr = self._malloc_out_of_nursery(totalsize)
             #
         else:
-            # The object has already a shadow.
+            # First visit to an object that has already a shadow.
             newobj = self.nursery_objects_shadows.get(obj)
             ll_assert(newobj != NULL, "GCFLAG_HAS_SHADOW but no shadow found")
             newhdr = newobj - size_gc_header
@@ -1450,6 +1452,8 @@
             # Remove the flag GCFLAG_HAS_SHADOW, so that it doesn't get
             # copied to the shadow itself.
             self.header(obj).tid &= ~GCFLAG_HAS_SHADOW
+            #
+            totalsize = size_gc_header + self.get_size(obj)
         #
         # Copy it.  Note that references to other objects in the
         # nursery are kept unchanged in this step.
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/module/r_os_stat.py b/pypy/rpython/module/r_os_stat.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/module/r_os_stat.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/module/r_os_stat.py
@@ -65,4 +65,5 @@
     r_StatResult = hop.rtyper.getrepr(ll_os_stat.s_StatResult)
     [v_result] = hop.inputargs(r_StatResult.r_tuple)
     # no-op conversion from r_StatResult.r_tuple to r_StatResult
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return v_result
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ooregistry.py b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ooregistry.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ooregistry.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/ooregistry.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
                                          annmodel.SomeOOInstance,
                                          annmodel.SomeString))
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0], ootype.Signed)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('oostring', vlist, resulttype = ootype.String)
 
 class Entry_oounicode(ExtRegistryEntry):
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@
         assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0], (annmodel.SomeUnicodeCodePoint,
                                           annmodel.SomeOOInstance))
         vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0], ootype.Signed)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('oounicode', vlist, resulttype = ootype.Unicode)
     
 
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rbuiltin.py b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rbuiltin.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rbuiltin.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rbuiltin.py
@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@
 from pypy.rpython.error import TyperError
 
 def rtype_new(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert hop.args_s[0].is_constant()
     vlist = hop.inputargs(ootype.Void)
     return hop.genop('new', vlist,
                      resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_oonewarray(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert hop.args_s[0].is_constant()
     vlist = hop.inputarg(ootype.Void, arg=0)
     vlength = hop.inputarg(ootype.Signed, arg=1)
@@ -20,23 +22,27 @@
                      resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_null(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert hop.args_s[0].is_constant()
     TYPE = hop.args_s[0].const
     nullvalue = ootype.null(TYPE)
     return hop.inputconst(TYPE, nullvalue)
 
 def rtype_classof(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0], annmodel.SomeOOInstance)
     vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
     return hop.genop('classof', vlist,
                      resulttype = ootype.Class)
 
 def rtype_subclassof(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     vlist = hop.inputargs(rootype.ooclass_repr, rootype.ooclass_repr)
     return hop.genop('subclassof', vlist,
                      resulttype = ootype.Bool)
 
 def rtype_instanceof(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     INSTANCE = hop.args_v[1].value
     v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[0], arg=0)
     c_cls = hop.inputconst(ootype.Void, INSTANCE)
@@ -44,23 +50,27 @@
                      resulttype=ootype.Bool)
 
 def rtype_runtimenew(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     vlist = hop.inputargs(rootype.ooclass_repr)
     return hop.genop('runtimenew', vlist,
                      resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_ooupcast(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0].const, ootype.Instance)
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[1], annmodel.SomeOOInstance)
     v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[1], arg=1)
     return hop.genop('ooupcast', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_oodowncast(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0].const, ootype.Instance)
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[1], annmodel.SomeOOInstance)
     v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[1], arg=1)
     return hop.genop('oodowncast', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_cast_to_object(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0], annmodel.SomeOOStaticMeth) or \
            isinstance(hop.args_s[0], annmodel.SomeOOClass) or \
            isinstance(hop.args_s[0].ootype, ootype.OOType)
@@ -68,12 +78,14 @@
     return hop.genop('cast_to_object', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_cast_from_object(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0].const, ootype.OOType)
     assert isinstance(hop.args_s[1], annmodel.SomeOOObject)
     v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[1], arg=1)
     return hop.genop('cast_from_object', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def rtype_builtin_isinstance(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.s_result.is_constant():
         return hop.inputconst(ootype.Bool, hop.s_result.const)
 
@@ -99,6 +111,7 @@
     return ootype.subclassof(c1, class_)
 
 def rtype_instantiate(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.args_s[0].is_constant():
 ##        INSTANCE = hop.s_result.rtyper_makerepr(hop.rtyper).lowleveltype
 ##        v_instance = hop.inputconst(ootype.Void, INSTANCE)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rstr.py b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rstr.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rstr.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rstr.py
@@ -222,6 +222,10 @@
         length = s.ll_strlen()
         if stop > length:
             stop = length
+        # If start > stop, return a empty string. This can happen if the start
+        # is greater than the length of the string.
+        if start > stop:
+            start = stop
         return s.ll_substring(start, stop-start)
 
     def ll_stringslice_minusone(s):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rtuple.py b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rtuple.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rtuple.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/ootypesystem/rtuple.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
         RESULT = hop.r_result.lowleveltype
         c_resulttype = inputconst(ootype.Void, RESULT)
         c_length = inputconst(ootype.Signed, len(self.items_r))
+        hop.exception_is_here()
         if isinstance(RESULT, ootype.Array):
             v_list = hop.genop('oonewarray', [c_resulttype, c_length], resulttype=RESULT)
         else:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rbool.py b/pypy/rpython/rbool.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rbool.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rbool.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
     def rtype_float(_, hop):
         vlist = hop.inputargs(Float)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return vlist[0]
 
 #
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rbuiltin.py b/pypy/rpython/rbuiltin.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rbuiltin.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rbuiltin.py
@@ -111,25 +111,32 @@
         raise TyperError("don't know about built-in function %r" % (
             self.builtinfunc,))
 
+    def _call(self, hop2, **kwds_i):
+        bltintyper = self.findbltintyper(hop2.rtyper)
+        hop2.llops._called_exception_is_here_or_cannot_occur = False
+        v_result = bltintyper(hop2, **kwds_i)
+        if not hop2.llops._called_exception_is_here_or_cannot_occur:
+            raise TyperError("missing hop.exception_cannot_occur() or "
+                             "hop.exception_is_here() in %s" % bltintyper)
+        return v_result
+
     def rtype_simple_call(self, hop):
-        bltintyper = self.findbltintyper(hop.rtyper)
         hop2 = hop.copy()
         hop2.r_s_popfirstarg()
-        return bltintyper(hop2)
+        return self._call(hop2)
 
     def rtype_call_args(self, hop):
         # calling a built-in function with keyword arguments:
         # mostly for rpython.objectmodel.hint()
         hop, kwds_i = call_args_expand(hop)
 
-        bltintyper = self.findbltintyper(hop.rtyper)
         hop2 = hop.copy()
         hop2.r_s_popfirstarg()
         hop2.r_s_popfirstarg()
         # the RPython-level keyword args are passed with an 'i_' prefix and
         # the corresponding value is an *index* in the hop2 arguments,
         # to be used with hop.inputarg(arg=..)
-        return bltintyper(hop2, **kwds_i)
+        return self._call(hop2, **kwds_i)
 
 
 class BuiltinMethodRepr(Repr):
@@ -198,6 +205,7 @@
 # ____________________________________________________________
 
 def rtype_builtin_bool(hop):
+    # not called any more?
     assert hop.nb_args == 1
     return hop.args_r[0].rtype_is_true(hop)
 
@@ -241,6 +249,7 @@
 
 def rtype_builtin_min(hop):
     v1, v2 = hop.inputargs(hop.r_result, hop.r_result)
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.gendirectcall(ll_min, v1, v2)
 
 def ll_min(i1, i2):
@@ -250,6 +259,7 @@
 
 def rtype_builtin_max(hop):
     v1, v2 = hop.inputargs(hop.r_result, hop.r_result)
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.gendirectcall(ll_max, v1, v2)
 
 def ll_max(i1, i2):
@@ -264,6 +274,7 @@
     pass
 
 def rtype_OSError__init__(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.nb_args == 2:
         raise TyperError("OSError() should not be called with "
                          "a single argument")
@@ -274,6 +285,7 @@
         r_self.setfield(v_self, 'errno', v_errno, hop.llops)
 
 def rtype_WindowsError__init__(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     if hop.nb_args == 2:
         raise TyperError("WindowsError() should not be called with "
                          "a single argument")
@@ -442,6 +454,7 @@
     assert hop.args_s[0].is_constant()
     TGT = hop.args_s[0].const
     v_type, v_value = hop.inputargs(lltype.Void, hop.args_r[1])
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return gen_cast(hop.llops, TGT, v_value)
 
 _cast_to_Signed = {
@@ -523,11 +536,13 @@
 
 def rtype_identity_hash(hop):
     vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.genop('gc_identityhash', vlist, resulttype=lltype.Signed)
 
 def rtype_runtime_type_info(hop):
     assert isinstance(hop.args_r[0], rptr.PtrRepr)
     vlist = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.genop('runtime_type_info', vlist,
                      resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
@@ -558,6 +573,7 @@
 
 def rtype_raw_malloc(hop):
     v_size, = hop.inputargs(lltype.Signed)
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.genop('raw_malloc', [v_size], resulttype=llmemory.Address)
 
 def rtype_raw_malloc_usage(hop):
@@ -586,6 +602,7 @@
     if s_addr.is_null_address():
         raise TyperError("raw_memclear(x, n) where x is the constant NULL")
     v_list = hop.inputargs(llmemory.Address, lltype.Signed)
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.genop('raw_memclear', v_list)
 
 BUILTIN_TYPER[llmemory.raw_malloc] = rtype_raw_malloc
@@ -596,6 +613,7 @@
 
 def rtype_offsetof(hop):
     TYPE, field = hop.inputargs(lltype.Void, lltype.Void)
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed,
                           llmemory.offsetof(TYPE.value, field.value))
 
@@ -605,6 +623,7 @@
 # non-gc objects
 
 def rtype_free_non_gc_object(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     vinst, = hop.inputargs(hop.args_r[0])
     flavor = hop.args_r[0].gcflavor
     assert flavor != 'gc'
@@ -617,6 +636,7 @@
 # keepalive_until_here
 
 def rtype_keepalive_until_here(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     for v in hop.args_v:
         hop.genop('keepalive', [v], resulttype=lltype.Void)
     return hop.inputconst(lltype.Void, None)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rfloat.py b/pypy/rpython/rfloat.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rfloat.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rfloat.py
@@ -136,7 +136,10 @@
         hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('cast_float_to_int', vlist, resulttype=Signed)
 
-    rtype_float = rtype_pos
+    def rtype_float(_, hop):
+        vlist = hop.inputargs(Float)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
+        return vlist[0]
 
     # version picked by specialisation based on which
     # type system rtyping is using, from <type_system>.ll_str module
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rint.py b/pypy/rpython/rint.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rint.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rint.py
@@ -310,6 +310,8 @@
         if hop.has_implicit_exception(ValueError):
             hop.exception_is_here()
             hop.gendirectcall(ll_check_chr, vlist[0])
+        else:
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('cast_int_to_char', vlist, resulttype=Char)
 
     def rtype_unichr(_, hop):
@@ -317,6 +319,8 @@
         if hop.has_implicit_exception(ValueError):
             hop.exception_is_here()
             hop.gendirectcall(ll_check_unichr, vlist[0])
+        else:
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('cast_int_to_unichar', vlist, resulttype=UniChar)
 
     def rtype_is_true(self, hop):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rlist.py b/pypy/rpython/rlist.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rlist.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rlist.py
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@
     def rtype_bltn_list(self, hop):
         v_lst = hop.inputarg(self, 0)
         cRESLIST = hop.inputconst(Void, hop.r_result.LIST)
+        hop.exception_is_here()
         return hop.gendirectcall(ll_copy, cRESLIST, v_lst)
 
     def rtype_len(self, hop):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rrange.py b/pypy/rpython/rrange.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rrange.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rrange.py
@@ -107,8 +107,10 @@
     if isinstance(hop.r_result, AbstractRangeRepr):
         if hop.r_result.step != 0:
             c_rng = hop.inputconst(Void, hop.r_result.RANGE)
+            hop.exception_is_here()
             return hop.gendirectcall(hop.r_result.ll_newrange, c_rng, vstart, vstop)
         else:
+            hop.exception_is_here()
             return hop.gendirectcall(hop.r_result.ll_newrangest, vstart, vstop, vstep)
     else:
         # cannot build a RANGE object, needs a real list
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@
         if isinstance(ITEMTYPE, Ptr):
             ITEMTYPE = ITEMTYPE.TO
         cLIST = hop.inputconst(Void, ITEMTYPE)
+        hop.exception_is_here()
         return hop.gendirectcall(ll_range2list, cLIST, vstart, vstop, vstep)
 
 rtype_builtin_xrange = rtype_builtin_range
@@ -212,4 +215,5 @@
                                      [v_index, v_item])
 
 def rtype_builtin_enumerate(hop):
+    hop.exception_cannot_occur()
     return hop.r_result.r_baseiter.newiter(hop)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rstr.py b/pypy/rpython/rstr.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rstr.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rstr.py
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@
 
     def rtype_unicode(self, hop):
         if hop.args_s[0].is_constant():
+            # convertion errors occur during annotation, so cannot any more:
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
             return hop.inputconst(hop.r_result, hop.s_result.const)
         repr = hop.args_r[0].repr
         v_str = hop.inputarg(repr, 0)
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/rtyper.py b/pypy/rpython/rtyper.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/rtyper.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/rtyper.py
@@ -846,6 +846,7 @@
         return result
 
     def exception_is_here(self):
+        self.llops._called_exception_is_here_or_cannot_occur = True
         if self.llops.llop_raising_exceptions is not None:
             raise TyperError("cannot catch an exception at more than one llop")
         if not self.exceptionlinks:
@@ -861,6 +862,7 @@
         self.llops.llop_raising_exceptions = len(self.llops)
 
     def exception_cannot_occur(self):
+        self.llops._called_exception_is_here_or_cannot_occur = True
         if self.llops.llop_raising_exceptions is not None:
             raise TyperError("cannot catch an exception at more than one llop")
         if not self.exceptionlinks:
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/test/test_extregistry.py b/pypy/rpython/test/test_extregistry.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/test/test_extregistry.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/test/test_extregistry.py
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@
         _about_ = dummy_func
         s_result_annotation = annmodel.SomeInteger()
         def specialize_call(self, hop):
+            hop.exception_cannot_occur()
             return hop.inputconst(lltype.Signed, 42)
 
     def func():
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/test/test_rclass.py b/pypy/rpython/test/test_rclass.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/test/test_rclass.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/test/test_rclass.py
@@ -1085,6 +1085,7 @@
                 return annmodel.SomeInteger()
             def specialize_call(self, hop):
                 [v_instance] = hop.inputargs(*hop.args_r)
+                hop.exception_is_here()
                 return hop.gendirectcall(ll_my_gethash, v_instance)
 
         def f(n):
diff --git a/pypy/rpython/test/test_rstr.py b/pypy/rpython/test/test_rstr.py
--- a/pypy/rpython/test/test_rstr.py
+++ b/pypy/rpython/test/test_rstr.py
@@ -477,7 +477,11 @@
             s1 = s[:3]
             s2 = s[3:]
             s3 = s[3:10]
-            return s1+s2 == s and s2+s1 == const('lohel') and s1+s3 == s
+            s4 = s[42:44]
+            return (s1+s2 == s and
+                    s2+s1 == const('lohel') and
+                    s1+s3 == s and
+                    s4 == const(''))
         res = self.interpret(fn, [0])
         assert res
 
diff --git a/pypy/tool/clean_old_branches.py b/pypy/tool/clean_old_branches.py
--- a/pypy/tool/clean_old_branches.py
+++ b/pypy/tool/clean_old_branches.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 closed_heads.reverse()
 
 for head, branch in closed_heads:
-    print '\t', branch
+    print '\t', head, '\t', branch
 print
 print 'The branches listed above will be merged to "closed-branches".'
 print 'You need to run this script in a clean working copy where you'
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/gcc/test/test_asmgcroot.py b/pypy/translator/c/gcc/test/test_asmgcroot.py
--- a/pypy/translator/c/gcc/test/test_asmgcroot.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/gcc/test/test_asmgcroot.py
@@ -7,10 +7,17 @@
 from pypy import conftest
 from pypy.translator.tool.cbuild import ExternalCompilationInfo
 from pypy.translator.platform import platform as compiler
+from pypy.rlib.rarithmetic import is_emulated_long
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem import lltype, rffi
 from pypy.rlib.entrypoint import entrypoint, secondary_entrypoints
 from pypy.rpython.lltypesystem.lloperation import llop
 
+_MSVC = compiler.name == "msvc"
+_MINGW = compiler.name == "mingw32"
+_WIN32 = _MSVC or _MINGW
+_WIN64 = _WIN32 and is_emulated_long
+# XXX get rid of 'is_emulated_long' and have a real config here.
+
 class AbstractTestAsmGCRoot:
     # the asmgcroot gc transformer doesn't generate gc_reload_possibly_moved
     # instructions:
@@ -18,8 +25,8 @@
 
     @classmethod
     def make_config(cls):
-        if compiler.name == "msvc":
-            py.test.skip("all asmgcroot tests disabled for MSVC")
+        if _MSVC and _WIN64:
+            py.test.skip("all asmgcroot tests disabled for MSVC X64")
         from pypy.config.pypyoption import get_pypy_config
         config = get_pypy_config(translating=True)
         config.translation.gc = cls.gcpolicy
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h b/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
--- a/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/src/float.h
@@ -43,5 +43,6 @@
 #define OP_CAST_FLOAT_TO_LONGLONG(x,r) r = (long long)(x)
 #define OP_CAST_FLOAT_TO_ULONGLONG(x,r) r = (unsigned long long)(x)
 #define OP_CONVERT_FLOAT_BYTES_TO_LONGLONG(x,r) memcpy(&r, &x, sizeof(double))
+#define OP_CONVERT_LONGLONG_BYTES_TO_FLOAT(x,r) memcpy(&r, &x, sizeof(long long))
 #endif
 
diff --git a/pypy/translator/c/test/test_extfunc.py b/pypy/translator/c/test/test_extfunc.py
--- a/pypy/translator/c/test/test_extfunc.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/c/test/test_extfunc.py
@@ -919,4 +919,5 @@
             t, cbuilder = self.compile(does_stuff)
             data = cbuilder.cmdexec('')
             res = os.nice(0) + 3
+            if res > 19: res = 19    # xxx Linux specific, probably
             assert data.startswith('os.nice returned %d\n' % res)
diff --git a/pypy/translator/cli/dotnet.py b/pypy/translator/cli/dotnet.py
--- a/pypy/translator/cli/dotnet.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/cli/dotnet.py
@@ -459,6 +459,7 @@
             
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         assert hop.args_s[1].is_constant()
         TYPE = hop.args_s[1].const
         v_obj = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[0], arg=0)
@@ -507,6 +508,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         v_obj, = hop.inputargs(*hop.args_r)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('same_as', [v_obj], hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 def new_array(type, length):
@@ -608,6 +610,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         v_type, = hop.inputargs(*hop.args_r)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('cli_typeof', [v_type], hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 
@@ -626,6 +629,7 @@
         v_obj, = hop.inputargs(*hop.args_r)
         methodname = hop.args_r[0].methodname
         c_methodname = hop.inputconst(ootype.Void, methodname)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('cli_eventhandler', [v_obj, c_methodname], hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 
@@ -647,6 +651,7 @@
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0], annmodel.SomeOOInstance)
         v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[0], arg=0)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('oodowncast', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 
@@ -668,6 +673,7 @@
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         assert isinstance(hop.args_s[0], annmodel.SomeOOInstance)
         v_inst = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[0], arg=0)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('ooupcast', [v_inst], resulttype = hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 
@@ -701,6 +707,7 @@
 
     def specialize_call(self, hop):
         v_obj = hop.inputarg(hop.args_r[0], arg=0)
+        hop.exception_cannot_occur()
         return hop.genop('oodowncast', [v_obj], hop.r_result.lowleveltype)
 
 
diff --git a/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py b/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
--- a/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/jvm/opcodes.py
@@ -243,4 +243,5 @@
     'force_cast':               [PushAllArgs, CastPrimitive, StoreResult],
 
     'convert_float_bytes_to_longlong': jvm.PYPYDOUBLEBYTESTOLONG,
+    'convert_longlong_bytes_to_float': jvm.PYPYLONGBYTESTODOUBLE,
 })
diff --git a/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py b/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
--- a/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
+++ b/pypy/translator/jvm/typesystem.py
@@ -942,6 +942,7 @@
 PYPYULONGTODOUBLE =     Method.s(jPyPy, 'ulong_to_double', (jLong,), jDouble)
 PYPYLONGBITWISENEGATE = Method.v(jPyPy, 'long_bitwise_negate', (jLong,), jLong)
 PYPYDOUBLEBYTESTOLONG = Method.v(jPyPy, 'pypy__float2longlong', (jDouble,), jLong)
+PYPYLONGBYTESTODOUBLE = Method.v(jPyPy, 'pypy__longlong2float', (jLong,), jDouble)
 PYPYSTRTOINT =          Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_int', (jString,), jInt)
 PYPYSTRTOUINT =         Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_uint', (jString,), jInt)
 PYPYSTRTOLONG =         Method.v(jPyPy, 'str_to_long', (jString,), jLong)


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