time
This module provides various time-related functions. It is always available.
An explanation of some terminology and conventions is in order.
gmtime(0)
.time()
and sleep()
is better than their Unix equivalents: times are expressed as floating
point numbers, time()
returns the most accurate time available
(using Unix gettimeofday()
where available), and sleep()
will accept a time with a nonzero fraction (Unix select()
is
used to implement this, where available).gmtime()
and localtime()
,
or as accpted by mktime()
is a tuple of 9
integers: year (e.g. 1993), month (1-12), day (1-31), hour
(0-23), minute (0-59), second (0-59), weekday (0-6, monday is 0),
Julian day (1-366) and daylight savings flag (-1, 0 or 1).
Note that unlike the C structure, the month value is a range of 1-12, not
0-11. A year value less than 100 will typically be silently converted to
1900 plus the year value. A -1 argument as daylight savings flag, passed to
mktime()
will usually result in the correct daylight savings
state to be filled in.
The module defines the following functions and data items:
daylight
is nonzero.
gmtime()
or
localtime()
to a 24-character string of the following form:
'Sun Jun 20 23:21:05 1993'
. Note: unlike the C function of
the same name, there is no trailing newline.
ctime(t)
is equivalent to
asctime(localtime(t))
.
gmtime
but converts to local time. The dst flag is set
to 1 when DST applies to the given time.
localtime
. Its argument is the
full 9-tuple (since the dst flag is needed -- pass -1 as the dst flag if
it is unknown) which expresses the time
in local time, not UTC. It returns a floating
point number, for compatibility with time.time()
. If the input
value can't be represented as a valid time, OverflowError is raised.
gmtime()
or
localtime()
to a string as specified by the format argument.
The following directives, shown without the optional field width and precision specification, are replaced by the indicated characters:
Directive | Meaning |
---|---|
%a |
Locale's abbreviated weekday name. |
%A |
Locale's full weekday name. |
%b |
Locale's abbreviated month name. |
%B |
Locale's full month name. |
%c |
Locale's appropriate date and time representation. |
%d |
Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. |
%H |
Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. |
%I |
Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. |
%j |
Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. |
%m |
Month as a decimal number [01,12]. |
%M |
Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. |
%p |
Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM. |
%S |
Second as a decimal number [00,61]. |
%U |
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. |
%w |
Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. |
%W |
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. |
%x |
Locale's appropriate date representation. |
%X |
Locale's appropriate time representation. |
%y |
Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]. |
%Y |
Year with century as a decimal number. |
%Z |
Time zone name (or by no characters if no time zone exists). |
%% |
% |
Additional directives may be supported on certain platforms, but only the ones listed here have a meaning standardized by ANSI C.
On some platforms, an optional field width and precision specification can immediately follow the initial % of a directive in the following order; this is also not portable. The field width is normally 2 except for %j where it is 3.