Introductory Material on Python

High level descriptions

What is Python?

Executive summary, with pointers for further reading.
What is Python? (again)

Another executive summary, by Guido van Rossum.
An Introduction to Python

One page overview, with pointers for further reading.
Python: Yet Another Object Oriented Interpretive Scripting Language

Longer overview by Enno Davids, presented in the AUUG Victorian Chapter Technical Conference, 1997.
Glue It All Together With Python

Guido sells Python to the object components community.
Why Python?

Eric Raymond explains why Python is his favorite programming language.
Python Quick Reference

For Python 2.2.
Python Quick Reference (older)

For Python versions 2.0 and 2.1.

Instant Hacking

Learn how to program with Python. By Magnus Lie Hetland.
A Non-Programmer's Tutorial for Python

By Josh Cogliati.
Learning to Program

An introduction to programming for those who have never programmed before, by Alan Gauld. It introduces several programming languages but has a strong emphasis on Python.
How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

Allen Downey's open source book has a Python version. With Jeff Elkner. (Also at Andamooka.)
Learn to Program using Python

A tutorial by Richard Baldwin.

An Introduction to Python (lj)

From Linux Journal Issue 21, by Jeff Bauer. Good to get started.
Instant Python

A 6-page minimal crash course by Magnus Lie Hetland.
Software Carpentry

This course (funded by the PSF) is for people with some exposure to programming. It covers Python, but also covers version control and unit testing.
Python Programming for Beginners

This article is a practical introduction to writing non-trivial applications in Python. By Jacek Artymiak.
Python for Science

By Konrad Hinsen.
Python Short Course

By Richard P. Muller, Caltech.

Python Tutorial

In the standard documentation, by Guido van Rossum. A classic.
A Byte of Python

Tutorial by Swaroop C H.
The What, Why, Who and Where of Python

In UnixWorld Online, by Aaron Watters. Also a classic.
Appendix E of Mark Lutz' Python book (Programming Python)

Not available online, but chances are that you own the book and hadn't noticed this appendix!
Dive Into Python

A free Python tutorial for experienced programmers by Mark Pilgrim.
Scripting course by Hans Petter Langtangen

A CS course on scripting that spans a wide range: why scripting, Perl vs. Python, intro to Python, regular expressions, Tkinter, CGI.